Okay, let's do it again. Welcome to BC 103 New Testament way. Today, we're going to continue to study on the book of Romans. Arila, Nina, am I audible? Am I clear? Am I audible? Shriha, thank you. Thank you for confirming. Yes. Thank you. Thank you. So today, we're going to continue to look into the book of Romans. So what was our learning from yesterday's class? What did we learn? Anyone from the class can unmute an answer. The online students can unmute an answer or you can post on the chat. What was our learning? What did we learn yesterday about the book of Romans so that we can study a little bit in detail today? It mainly tells about the doctrine of faith and it's also called as a book of justification. Okay, we studied about the doctrine of faith. Yes, the book of Romans is known to be having a strong doctrine and righteousness. And the book of Romans is also known as the book of justification. And it also talks about the righteousness of God. Yes. Anyone else would like to add to it? Okay, today, in today's class, I thought, I thought we look a little bit on the history side about the book of Romans. Okay. So from the book of Acts, we learned that the church in Rome had existed for some time, that it was made up of two type of people. One was Jewish and non-Jewish followers of Jesus. But at one point, the Roman emperor, Claudius had expelled all the Jewish people from Rome. So what happened? They all went different places. The Jewish people got scattered and they went into different places. So about five years later, all those Jews including Jesus followers, you know, were allowed back to return. Once the Claudius died, the edict that he released expired. So the Jews started to return back to Rome. There were Jews who were following Jesus also returned back. So what happened? And when they found a church, had become very non-Jewish in custom and practice. So they created a lot of tension within the church. So that was one of the reasons why Apostle Paul is writing a letter to this church, which he has not visited before. Apostle Paul intended to visit Rome, but he is not visited. He's at Corinth and he's writing a letter to the church in Rome. Okay, because there were a lot of division within the church. There were a lot of misunderstanding because they were no more following the Jewish custom or certain the traditions, but then they became more of non-Jewish in nature, non-Jewish in the custom. So they started, you know, a lot of commotion way, a lot of tension within the church. So he's trying to address certain issues. That's the reason the letter to Romans has a lot of doctrines. And it is a very stern letter for us to follow as a church because he's addressing to the church, which had no unity. So there were people who had disagreed about how to follow Jesus. They were debating about whether non-Jewish Christians should celebrate Sabbath, should follow on each kosher, or should they be circumcised. So there were a lot of debate based on these. So Paul wrote this letter to establish few things in the church. He wanted this divided church to become unified and to have certain practical purpose on what they do and what they follow. So he was hoping that the Roman church would become a staging ground or an example to the other church to follow. So his mission or his purpose of writing this letter was for this. So these, so these were the certain things that motivated Apostle Paul to write this letter to the Romans and to explain the gospel, explain the good news of Jesus.  So now the letter is designed into four main movements. We can call it as four main movements. And he's trying to explain the whole gospel under these four main movements. Let me put that in the slide. Let me display that. Just give me a minute, please. Okay, I'll be back to the key verse. Okay, before we could go here to the main force section, let's talk about the key verse. Okay. So the letter, basically the letter to Romans stands as a clear instruction to the church as an example. So the theme that runs through Paul's letter to the Romans is the revelation of God's righteousness in his plan for salvation. What the Bible calls the gospel. So here in Romans chapter 1 verse 16 and 17, can I request you all to please turn to Romans 16 and 17 please? So those who have turned, can I request you all to please read? For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek. For in the righteousness of God is revealed from the faith to faith as it is written, the just shall live by faith. The just shall live by faith. As we also discussed yesterday how powerful these scriptures are. So Paul begins the discussion that which is very important and easily observable by the world. He says the sinfulness of all humanity, that all people have sinned, all people have sinned and have condemned due to a rebellious against God. He also makes it clear that God by his grace offers us justification by faith to his Son Jesus Christ. We also see that we also explain saying that we are justified by God. We receive redemption or salvation because Christ blood covers our sins. He also makes it more clear to all the believers. He says God doesn't stop the salvation but he continues as each of us are sanctified, made holy and we are set apart to follow him. Paul also shares the logical and the complete presentation of how a person can be saved from penalty and the power from the sin, that is by believing Jesus Christ. So here he says human being lacks God's righteousness. So because of our sin nature, because of our sin nature, so we need to receive God. We need Jesus in our life for us to be redeemed. So he says that's how the whole book, okay, the whole 16 chapter in the book of Romans explains that from chapter 1 to 3 it talks about receive God's righteousness when God justifies us by faith and he further talks from 4 to chapter 5 about God's righteousness by being transformed from rebellious to followers and chapter 6 to 8 he talks about confirm his righteousness when God saves the Jews and also and you know furthermore in the coming in the other chapters 12 to 16 he talks about the righteousness and the practical ways through our lives. So in this this is the key verse Romans 1 16 to 17 it talks about we should not be ashamed of the gospel because it is a power of God, power of God for salvation to everyone who believes first to the Jews and then to the Greeks. Greeks are none other than Gentiles for it is a righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith as it is written the righteous man shall live by faith that is the just shall live by faith. So here we see the work of the doctrine that has been spread out in chapter 1 to chapter 16 we can discuss this in detail yesterday I just shared about these four points the main message of the book of Romans we these are the key phrases okay righteousness required or righteousness needed in chapter 1 verse 18 to chapter 3 of verse 20 or we can say chapter 1 to 3 it talks about in this section we see that Apostle Paul applies clearly to both the Jews and the Gentiles saying that all self-righteousness is inadequate that means all have sinned and come short to the glory of God and he also says all are condemned to death and apart from the same faith that is exhibited by Abraham that there is no hope so we need the Savior we need Jesus with that he moves on to explain in chapter 5 to 8 or chapter 5 to verse 7 839 he says let us know that the only hope for man is God himself the only hope for man to be redeemed to be reconciled or to be back to be one with God in the way God created us to be is God himself so what did God do John 3 16 God provided us only begotten Son the man who was righteous to redeem us so God demonstrated Christ as the only sacrifice so he sent his only begotten Son and what did Jesus do he offered himself willingly on the cross to redeem us so that we have the access to God's righteousness so that we have the access to be one with God by faith through Christ work what Jesus the work that Jesus did on the cross was to redeem us so that we can be reconciled to be one with God we can be one with God through the work that Jesus did on the cross so Paul establishes that faith has always been God's plan even with the people in the Old Testament even if people with the Old Testament like Abraham or David we all need Jesus to be so that we can be reconciled back to God but that Paul goes further and explains from chapter 9 to 11 he talks about righteousness that has been rejected or vindicated righteousness that has been rejected or vindicated so in this session he talk he expresses the love of Christ he expresses the love for his own Jewish people now how they were used by God to preserve a seed that's the word of God for the rest of the world and he also goes further and makes it clear that God only has the true faith through which both the Jews and the Gentiles can come into one understanding so he says the Jewish branches that rejected Christ were cut off the tree of faith and the Gentiles who received Christ were grafted into that tree of faith so he brings an analogy here the tree of faith those who believe in Jesus will be grafted into that tree and those like even if they were Jewish people and they don't believe Jesus they will be cut off from that tree of faith so the way into the tree is through faith in the finished work of Jesus so the one who believes Jesus is the only son he was the Messiah he died on the cross the one who believes in the finished work of the cross will be grafted into this tree of faith and yeah so it can be Jew or Gentile whoever believes on Jesus will be included in this tree of faith so with that he goes further to chapter 12 to 16 he explains the righteousness practiced or righteousness revealed he says Paul goes and says turns a major doctrine of the Bible into the implication that is that can be applied and he also focuses on how things we call faith should affect our life so he goes further and he focuses on the practical expressions of Christianity by saying what it actually means to display the righteousness of Christ in our relationship with each other in the world so it is so important for us to you know love Christ and apply that in our life the doctrine that we read in the book of Romans should not be just be as a doctrine in the book but it needs to be applied practically applied in our life so some of the very important features that has been discussed in this book is like yesterday briefly we spoke about the five features that is justification, propitiation, redemption, sanctification and glorification so when we talk about justification it is the process through which God declares us that we are not guilty based on when we accept the finished work of Jesus on the cross so when we accept the work that Jesus did on the cross then what happens that we apply the blood of Jesus over our self over our sin because we apply the blood of Jesus over our self our sin has been washed away and we stand before God just as if we are not sent just as if we are not sent so we are justified friend of God propitiation is what yesterday I explained it to you all what is that propitiation did we talk about the mercy seat okay so Jesus became our propitiation Jesus became our mercy seat so it is a process by which God removes the due punishment for our sins because of the sprinkling of Christ's blood on the mercy seat on our behalf Christ became our sacrifice so propitiation means the mercy seat Jesus became our mercy seat the third feature of this book which which has been stated in chapter three and chapter eight of the book of romances redemption talks about redemption so redemption is a process by which Jesus Christ paid the debt paid a full price for you and me so that we are freed from the bondage of sin and death Jesus has redeemed us from sin and death and he has set us free he has set us free so that we are no more slaves to sin or death but we are now become the son and daughters of God so we have gotten to the sonship of God we have been redeemed we have there's a price that has been paid and we have been redeemed and now we have the relationship as a sonship with God the fourth point that the book of romans talks about in chapter five and chapter 15 is about sanctification talks about sanctification so sanctification is a process by which the Holy Spirit of God takes the level of our experience in Christ and it matches to the position in Christ so this is the practical application of the atonement where through the blood of Jesus we have been sanctified we have been purified we have been cleansed we have been set apart so that we can be used the kingdom of God for the master's use so we are the vessel of honor who have been set apart for the master's use so we have been sanctified by the blood of Jesus there is a position that we have in Christ when we are sanctified and also further in romans chapter 8 the last part 18 verse 18 19 and 30 it talks about glorification talks about glorification where again glorification is a process glorification is not a process but it is an act of God glorification it's not a process but it is an act of God by which man completes the process of full redemption and his Holy Spirit soul and body where he overcomes the effects of sin and death so we become one in Christ when we accept Jesus Christ as a Lord and Savior we become one in Christ how by we believing the finished work of the cross so we have been when Christ was glorified and when we are in Christ we are also glorified in Christ so in that way we overcome the effect of sin and death from our life and also we can discuss in detail today can I request one of y'all to read romans chapter 3 verse 23 romans chapter 3 verse 23 we all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God yes so it says all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God so this verse talks about all people on this earth all people on this earth are sinners so what happens now all people on this earth are sinners and it also says sin as separates us from God and keeps us from fulfilling our destiny so one it talks about that all people on this earth are sinners and second it says how sin has the power to separate us from God it keeps us from fulfilling God's purpose in our life so each of us I have a call purpose there's a destiny so sin keeps us away from fulfilling this destiny can I request y'all to turn to roman 6 verse 23 thank you so we will look at the first part okay first part talks about for the wages of sinness death so it says the wages of sin is death so what does this mean it means the penalty for sin is death it also says the death that is referred is in both physical and spiritual it also talks about eternal death that is separation from God that is something that you and I should be concerned about this sin the wage of sin that is the penalty of sin is death and this death that we talk about is also an eternal death that separates us from God this is something that we need to be concerned about so in the book of romans is where all this is been written so that we can be concerned about our life and get into prized and believe him that he is the true messiah furthermore paul also talks about this in roman's chapter five verse eight but god shows his love for us in that while we are still sinners christ died for us yes so what happened god demonstrates his love his own love toward us and in that while we were still sinners christ died for us so what does it say he says god set his love upon us in spite of a sinful condition god never waited to encounter us for us to become a righteous righteousness is a process until death so when we were yet sinners sinners god encountered us god came to us so god loved us in spite of our sinful condition we also see in this verse that god demonstrate god you know god demonstrate his great love for us where he provided a plan for the condition he had a plan the minute man signed he had a plan at the very foundation of the earth itself god had this plan to offer a son to redeem us unto his own and through this verse we also see that god in his holiness could not ignore us in at the same time and we also see god had the plan what was the plan that god sent his only begotten son jesus to pay a price to die in our place so that you and i can be redeemed back to him we also see in chapter 6 verse 23 chapter 6 verse 23 the second part we looked at the first part for the wages of sin is death but the second part we see but the gift of god is eternal life and christ jesus our lord so what is that so christ died on the cross to pay the penalty or pay a price for our sin so that we can be redeemed he was sinless he became a substitute he was sinless and he took away us and upon it so that we can be sinless and also we see what christ did on the cross god offers us the free gift of eternal life because our sins have been forgiven now we have this eternal life from eternal death we have got eternal life by believing jesus christ and the work that he did on the cross so in order for us to receive this gift we must accept jesus as a lord and savior and believe in his work that he did on the cross can we also read romans 10 turn to romans 10 verse 9 10 and 13 if you confess with your mouth the lord jesus and believe in your heart that god has raised him from the dead you will be saved for with the heart when believes to righteousness and with the mouth confession is made to salvation for the scripture says whoever believes in him will not be put to shame for there is no distinction between june and green for the same law over all is reached to all who call upon him for whoever whoever calls upon the name of the lord salvi saint thank you so we look into these two words we see that christ died on the cross and he made it possible for us to receive the forgiveness of sin and the second part we see the gift of salvation is given to those who call on the name of the lord and accept him as their lord and savior so it is very important for us to believe confess and then whoever calls on the name of the lord and accept him as a savior as this free gift of salvation so the book of romans tells us about god of who he is and what he has done it also tells us that jesus christ he died on the cross and he accomplished the work that god intended it to be to redeem us from us in nature and he also tells us about ourselves what is our condition on this earth what is our position so that we may believe in jesus we may trust on the work that he did on the cross and it is through faith that we become one paul also brings a point that what god intended at the very beginning that jesus will die on the cross and redeem us because god loves us he also demonstrated the love of god to us so from the very beginning paul also uses lot of whole testament scriptures here he illustrates so that we believe the work that jesus did on the cross he also says that you know abraham believed and the righteousness was credited to him by faith and not by works so he also refers to david who you know the same truth he says in roman chapter four verse six verse six to nine he says just as david also describes the blessedness of the man to whom god imputes righteousness apart from works blessed are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven and whose sins are covered blessed is the man to whom the lord shall not impute sin so paul refers david who retreated the same truth and he says paul uses another example of adip to explain how the romans doctrine was inherited sin and uses the story of sarah and isik that the child of promise was given he also goes further and illustrates the principle of christians being the children that the promise of the divine grace of god was through jesus christ so what are the practical application that we can learn and apply it in our life through the book of romans what are some of the practical lessons that we can learn and apply it in our life so one of the very important application that we learn from the book of romances that there is nothing that we can do to save ourselves we are not saved by our works or any good deeds but we are saved by believing in jesus we need to believe that he was the messiah he was the son of god he died on the cross for you and me he was the only sacrifice who can through which we can be redeemed and be reconciled through god paul also makes it very clear every good deed that we do on this earth is like a filthy rag nothing can be compared or nothing on this earth that we can do to become righteous we are only been made righteous through the blood of jesus because he is the righteous one he is god he is the son of god we are redeemed only by the blood of jesus and not by any of our work so that's why you know he clearly says we need to confess in in chapter 10 verse 8 9 and 10 when we read that the word is near you he says in verse 9 he says in agreement when we confess with our mouth that Lord Jesus and believe in a heart that God has raised him from death you and I will be saved it's only by believing that the righteous we have been made righteous so it's very clear that we need to believe we need to lead we need to live our life offered to God as a living sacrifice so we are the set apart vessels we need to know we need to lead our life in honor to God so that is the only way that we can surrender ourselves to God and say Lord here I am we need to worship God with ourselves with our body with our mind with our soul so we need to worship God as you know that that should be our highest desire so in the book of Romans we believe that you know not we are not saved by our work but only through Jesus Christ and we are the set apart vessel through which we can honor God by ourselves is there anything that as minister to you that you would like to share from the gospel from the book of Romans please go ahead unmute and and add to so that we all can learn and grow together anyone from the class can unmute and share your views share your learning from the gospel look from the book of Romans sorry from the book of Romans anyone Prabhu, Arila, Karen, Samuel all the online students would you like to unmute and share what was your learning from the book of Romans anyone from the class would you like to share what was your learning from the book of Romans is the key to be Romans 116 that we are not ashamed of the gospel for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes so this should be our key thing in dig that we are not ashamed of the gospel yes Sean what I learned was that even we don't have to be like a perfect person in order in order to not just and Paul was a great example of that he was he used to murder he used to just kill you know he's he's not a perfect person but God chose him to lead his people to preach the word to his people so that's what I liked about this book so he is more a relatable character to us as people price is perfect that is true when it comes to us to myself I feel we're more we'll let more to to Paul is what I think thank you thank you Sean for adding that anyone else would like to add okay let's close in a word of prayer if you don't have a question can I request Rin to pray and close the session thank you Jesus Lord we thank you for this time and for this class that we just had about your word and Lord I pray that what do we have learned and whatever we have been taught I pray the Father God that you would help us to apply it into our lives and that another your word the Father God for the activity in us and that um that you continue to changes and that um you want the most and she was so far about to bring glory to your name and thank you Jesus for everything we give you thanks and pray that we have a great day thank you for everything you know pray amen amen thank you thank you god bless see you all in the next class next next week amen


Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listener thanks to all of you including Pat, DeGrashe, Daniels and Irwin Sturre. Coming up on DTS, why ads and Xbox games might be a good thing, an algorithm to help identify bored students, and does Netflix's gaming strategy finally make sense? This is the Daily Tech News for Monday, April 18th, 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. From lovely Cleveland, Ohio, I'm Rich Trafalino. And I'm Roger Chang, the show's producer. We are too excited to bring you the tech news on this Monday, so let's start with a few tech things you should know. Gizmodo began publishing the leaked documents obtained from Metta by whistleblower Francis Haugen. These documents were previously only available to Congress in some media outlets. Gizmodo has since published 28 documents in the initial batch, which were reviewed and redacted by legal and academic partners to minimize potential harms and impacts to Metta employee privacy. China's National Bureau of Statistics reports the quarterly output of integrated circuits dropped 4.2% on the year in Q1. That's the first decline since Q1 2019 before COVID-19. And it's because of COVID this time. Continuing COVID lockdowns in China played a role in this decline with various parts of Shanghai in lockdown for around a month. And that is impacting chip production. Earlier this month, a coin-based suspended Indian rupee transfers to its app through India's UPI network. The Economic Times of India reports that at least four other crypto trading services have either suspended rupee deposits or have had banks pull support from money transfers to their platforms. Data from CoinGecko shows that daily crypto trading volumes in India decreased between 88 and 96% since Peking last year. Panic's play date handheld console began shipping April 18th. Shipments will begin for customers in Group 1 of its initial pre-order. It's like boarding an airline. And Panic estimates shipments will reach all of this group by the end of May. So it takes about as long as Group 1 takes to board an airline. Pre-orders were initially set to begin at the end of 2021. But Panic pushed that back after discovering some battery issues with the initial finish units. But it's all good now. And we're going to try to talk to Scott Johnson about this on Wednesday. App researcher Jane Mancham-Wong tweeted that Twitter's edit tweet feature appears to recreate a new tweet with amended content that sits alongside the old tweets. Wong calls this an immutable approach since the same tweet idea is not used for the edited tweet. It's unclear, at least at this point, how a tweet's edit history will appear to users. Yeah, maybe they haven't figured it out yet. Alright, let's talk about Microsoft and Ad's Insiders sources. Business Insider is what you're probably familiar with, but they're just Insider in this case. They do all kinds of insidious things now. Insider sources say that Microsoft began working on a program to let brands advertise within free-to-play Xbox games. The ads may start appearing as early as Q3 of this year. This would not mean banner ads like you see in a free-to-play mobile game. Instead, sources said an example might be an ad appearing on a billboard, like in a racing game as you drive by, or some other in-game paid placement. Microsoft knows that these ads could irritate players and does not appear to be ready for in any ad goes free for all. They're going to build a private marketplace and only let select brands use the program. So they're going to be very careful about what shows up in that billboard as you're racing by. This also isn't a direct move to create another revenue stream. You might be surprised to learn this. Microsoft reportedly won't take a cut of any of this. It will also not use data from its other services like Bing to target ads in the games. This is just for the developers to be able to put ads in their own games. All revenue would go to the game developer. One would assume this is a way to motivate developers to make free-to-play titles for the Xbox. You get to keep all your revenue. Of course, these titles also generally use microtransactions in addition to the advertising. And Microsoft does get a cut of those. But yeah, as I said, we might start seeing these in Xbox games as early as Q3. Now, Rich, you were looking into this and the Verge noted that they did have something like this briefly before. Yeah, you know, there was a defunct, now defunct, Microsoft-owned advertising company called Massive. And they signed deals with EA games back in 2008. So, you know, a little bit of time ago, putting ads in games like Madden NFL, Skate, NHL, some NASCAR franchises. But these were the differences here. You were still paying the 50, 60 bucks for those titles and then seeing those ads in there where I think being free-to-play at least, I think changes the morality of this, right? If you're going to be a person that's upset by ads. It adjusts the outrage meter a little bit. Yeah, exactly. Well, and what's interesting to me about this is, comparing this, it really seems like they want to, at least the way it's described in this article. Again, we don't have the details from Microsoft yet. We're just reporting, but that this feels like almost like paid product placement in a movie, which is like not my favorite thing. I'm not like yay product placement. But in terms of like having that or having to watch a commercial or have a banner ad or something like that, if you can organically integrate that, one that might be able to add a sense of realism to a game where you're going to have kind of fake ads anyway. I'm thinking like in a, I don't know, like a Grand Theft Auto game.  I don't think that's like the worst experience in the world as a gamer. So if they take that approach and they're being very selective and saying like, listen, these beverage brands can advertise here. This car brand can advertise in these spaces and stuff like that. If they are going to be very selective about it, I don't feel like I have any issue with this if it gets more decent free to play games out there. It also seems like, I mean, this is a way for Microsoft to say developers come hang. Let's make some free games, have a little fun, see what sticks, and then you could develop beyond that. I feel like this is pretty cut and dry. I don't know why anybody would be that outraged. When something's free, you're often going to get advertisements along with that. That's how it works. Yeah, if it's free to play, then your ad revenue is either the in-game payments, which people have their own problems with, whether it's pay to win, etc., or advertisements. At a certain point, the developer has to make money somehow and I know a lot of people's answer is like, just charge me for it. Don't make it free. Not everybody can afford a game. You get more uptake with free to play. I feel like what Microsoft's doing here is saying, look, any of these developers could put ads in their game on their own. We're going to try to make it a good experience when they do. We're going to help them do it and help them do it right, which is integrate it into the game and be selective about what goes into the game, which is better than just random banner ads that show up for some kind of cryptocurrency you've never heard of when you're just trying to play Solitaire.  I think that's a perfectly reasonable reaction. You don't have to or maybe the developers can make a paid version without ads available for you. But for people who can't afford it and don't mind it, this might be the best way to kind of split that baby. Yeah, I mean, free to play games aren't going anywhere. And like personally, I'm not a fan of that mechanic generally anyway in a lot of games. So again, like to me, the advertising is beside the point. If you enjoy a game that has a lot of microtransactions where you can invest in stuff and have that experience, that's great. Microsoft isn't like kind of getting in that way. And I also think it's a really, it's very timely, given that over the last week or so we've talked about, hey, here's what's meta-charging for different platforms for commission rates. We've heard for years now people disputing Apple's commission rates on stuff like that. Obviously, it doesn't apply to the in-app transactions with microtransactions. But again, it's Microsoft being able to talk to developers and say, hey, we have this very selective ad revenue. High-quality program. Yeah, high-quality ad revenue that potentially could be coming to you. And by the way, no commission on that. Seems to be would be a very effective incentive for developers. Yeah. And Beatmaster80 asks a pertinent question in our chat. The games industry is making more profit than ever before. Why should this be needed? Well, one answer is would you turn down a raise? Everybody wants more money. But the other answer is this is useful for the parts of the game industry that are just getting started and just growing. Not necessarily targeted just at EA. It could be perfectly beneficial for game companies that size. But it helps smaller developers too. I think that's part of the idea anyway. Well, moving on to the classroom. Lots of folks in our audience are either in classrooms themselves or have kids in classrooms. And this is an interesting one. Classroom technologies make software called class that helps teachers understand what's going on when those classrooms are virtual. It can monitor how often students raise their hands. If the student agrees, see what the student is viewing, among other things. Protocol reports that classroom is working with Intel to incorporate an algorithm that would attempt to identify what emotions students look like they're feeling. Maybe they're bored. Maybe they're distracted. Maybe they're confused by the information that's being presented. Intel's algorithm was trained on actual students using laptops with 3D cameras. They hired psychologists as well to categorize emotions which were then used to train the algorithm. Two of the three labelers had to agree for a label to be used in the data set. So there was no attempt to verify the labels by assessing the student's moods directly. The validity of the algorithm is meant to be found by its effectiveness in aiding teachers. In practice, it combines facial expression analysis with contextual information about what a student is working on to determine their level of understanding. Are they confused? Are they bored? Etc. Classroom technologies plans to integrate this into the class software and test it in a college setting. And if they deploy it, the idea would be to help teachers assess how well the class is comprehending the lesson. So we called on Dave Rodback, psychology professor at Algamut State University to tell us his thoughts as both a psychologist and a teacher. Dave. I'm of at least two minds about this. On the one hand in class, I'll walk around and I'll see expressions on people's faces when they're not wearing masks. Happily right now they wear masks but I see expressions even in their eyes and I see if somebody's confused and I'll say, do you want me to explain this some more? Or do you want me to explain this from a different angle and I'll do that. I teach things like advanced statistics and neuroscience, things that are sort of non-trivial, let's say. So in that case, automating that is good, it seems to me. The problem is that we were told over the years that facial expressions are universal and they really aren't as universal as we like to think. It's not nearly as cut and dried. This is then another place where we can let bias just creep in and I don't want bias in automatic systems. I don't want them in any systems but when it becomes hard-coded, that's a real problem. I remember writing my introduction to calculus midterm back in 1984, that's a while ago, and I was having trouble with the problem and I sort of stretched and leaned back and it looked probably like I was trying to look at other people's papers and even if I was, I'm legally blind, I have 10% visual acuity. So the TA comes over and he looks to see if he thinks that I'm cheating and I held out my CNIB Canadian National Institute for the Blind card and he knew then that I wasn't cheating. But what I'm saying is that we'd have to do this on individuals. You'd have to verify this on every single individual in a class. Then I think it's probably okay but the amount of work it would take to do this would be large. You'd have to get samples of people's facial expressions and correlate those and do a very good job of each individual to see what facial expressions mean, boredom, which ones mean I'm confused, which ones mean I just have to go to the bathroom. That seems like a lot of work. Maybe someday we can do that but I think a skilled instructor can do that already. And then there's the issue of behavior looks like one thing, it can be something else. So I think we have to worry about that kind of thing before we jump on the let's automate everything and then hard code potentially biases against all I don't know, blind, sarcastic future university professors. Yeah. Yeah. So thank you Dave for doing that, for giving us your reaction there. Because he's steeped in the psychology universities and psychology professor but he also teaches. So he had all sides of this story and really brings up a great point about the fact that we actually don't have a great sense of what a facial expression actually means. If you look at the story that Sarah was telling you about, they don't go and ask or test the students to find out what they were actually feeling. They were going with psychology professors agreeing with each other what they thought which might not be right. Given what Dave was telling us here. And then there's the idea of bias we talked last week about how diagnostic assistance for emergency rooms was improved when they trained the data on the hospital's local population because the data set would vary from hospital to hospital based on the demographics of the population that hospital is serving. And I didn't see any evidence that they're doing that here. It looked like they had trained with some students and they had one data set that was meant to apply to all. And that's when bias starts to creep in and you don't train those data sets specifically to the population. I would like to see them say, well when we deploy this in Algoma University, we're going to train it on Algoma students. The other issue is in a teacher-student relationship there's a power dynamic there. I think the students aren't. And when you are giving this information to the teacher, I was thinking about this, the more I read about this and I think there could be a utility for this even if it wasn't a localized set which I still think is the ideal scenario where it's individually trained on you stored locally and then they can run an algorithm on that. But if that's not the case, give that information to the student. Say like, hey, we've noticed that it seemed like maybe you were confused based on how you were interacting with today's lesson seemed like maybe you weren't getting full comprehension. Would you like to reach out to the teacher in this case doesn't automatically report it, doesn't make you like complicit for not understanding or like feel like it's important. That would be a great way to train the data too is to get the students' confirmation of their feelings involved as well. Yeah, I think that kind of flattens and makes it less problematic from a power dynamic level if there is any bias and yeah to your point of time being able to report back on it. Yeah, because otherwise if the training data were good and it was good at accurately assessing confusion, I think it's a great tool for the teacher and not really surveillance for the teacher to go like, oh, this is reminding me that that person may need an extra explanation right? It's what Dave was saying he can do in person would be helpful. I think that's super helpful. He's just, you got to get it trained well. Well folks, if you have a thought about this or anything we talk about on the show, email us, let us know. And if you're like, great I'd love to. What's your email address? You never say it. Well, I'm going to say it right now. Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. Email us. Do it. I've been trying to guess Netflix's path forward with its gaming strategy since it launched the gaming strategy.  There's like a dozen or so mobile games and I think like a couple others. You just login with your Netflix account and you can play for free. No additional charge. Put it that way. So far it's mostly been those mobile games. They are mostly unrelated to their TV properties. They have a couple stranger things games in there, but those were adapted from the show after the fact and not made originally as part of Netflix gaming. Now, we have the first example of Netflix directly tying a game to a new show right from the start. The show is actually based on the card game Exploding Kittens from The Oatmeal. The show is coming in 2023 but first, almost a year before that, a mobile game developed along with the show will launch this May along with two new cards related to the game and the show that you can get for the actual card game.  You've heard of him. Yeah. They're teaming up on this. They're not the show runners but they're the executive producers. The story will involve God and the devil being sent to earth in the bodies of house cats. Yes. So, off to a good start. 100% in. The game will be separate from the existing mobile kittens game. There's a mobile version of the card game that'll still exist. That'll still have its own version. It'll be separate from this Netflix version. The Netflix version will be based on the TV show. This is what a lot of folks expected Netflix to do with gaming in the first place though tie in a TV show to the games but this is a card game that already has a mobile game being adapted into a TV show and a second version of a mobile game coming off the TV show. So, it's a little more complicated than I would have expected. Is this the best first shot for Netflix and is this a great way for the company to learn how to do this? Gosh, I mean besides the fact that I love the premise of this game and I'm a Netflix subscriber so I could have some fun with this. We've been talking about Netflix getting into gaming for months. I don't know. Close to a year at this point. There's nothing that really at least has stuck out to me as far as me kind of surveying on the Twitterverse and beyond of anything that has really captured the hearts and minds of anybody who uses Netflix. It just seems like a playground. This could be the first part of that. The first part of something being kind of like a viral game that drives new people to Netflix or at least keeps people hanging out at Netflix because that's the whole point. Netflix has a lot of competitors now Netflix is trying new things in order to get new subscribers and keep the existing subscribers they have. I don't know. I'm not sure if Exploding Kittens is it but I mean this is my wheelhouse. If you made any game this would be the game that I would play. What's interesting to me is I remember when Netflix first got into original content and it seemed like outside of maybe not Lily Hammer house of cards that was algorithmically generated to be a hit. They did all their customer data like the people this actor, this setting, this style this director, we're going to put all that together and this is how boom this is going to be our tentpole high prestige show. It seems like while the idea of playing with original content pairing those two together it would seem like that's a great way to introduce new IP before maybe a show hits if you're doing this kind of release schedule this is the way to do so in a way that we can out we've correlated that people that love Exploding Kittens 95% of them also are huge Mike Judge fans and love that style of humor and love the stuff that he is doing there. This to me is like we have found all the things that will make the hit we have we have found like an already pretty rabid audience for a very popular party game with an established name that's going to say like hey this is good they're going to get it they're going to get the same style of humor as we come to expect from dude behind the oatmeal now I can't remember his name and so like to me this is like the safest possible way to do this even though I do think I'm telling you we're alluding to that this is very clearly like an original IP like a way to introduce that pipeline going forward it seems like yeah it feels like the more I think about it it's smart not to turn Bridgerton into a game not to turn stranger things into more games please don't create something from the ground up that lends itself to a game so that the game and the TV show are developed from the beginning and a card game that has an interesting story premise which is what this sounds like to me is an excellent way to do that because you've already got a built-in fan base for the card game they're going to want to watch or at least try the TV show they might be more willing to play the mobile game although it's a little weird that there's going to be another mobile game version of it but yeah I think the next step from this would be to say hey Miller world which Netflix owns can we create a game based on your comic we did it on a card game this is what we learned let's try it we'll create a game based on the comic and turn the comic into a TV show I can see that that's starting to feel like a logical way for this to happen yeah and increasingly Netflix and Roger I know we've had discussions about this on pastures like Netflix is increasingly like an IP factory that's how they're going to whether it's original content whether it's now increasingly games this very much feels like we're in the business IP that will increasingly diversify the way you consume and I mean this is the great thing if you focus on the IP whether or not it succeeds as a video or a series or not it's less monumental well we still have an avenue of making this a game or we have an avenue of taking this IP and using it for something else so yeah it doesn't pan out everywhere but it doesn't mean we're taking a loss on it but rather we can have a commodity that we can then look and turn around into a different thing we see this with video games and soundtracks right there are lots and lots of great music that are churned out created just for video games but they find a second life not just as original soundtracks that you download for consumers but also for use on first com was basically licensing out the soundtrack from middle of honor for people to use in documentaries or their own shows as bed music if you want something that sounded world war two you know narrative style like a very solemn moment we have a soundtrack for that you want something it's all very action and we have a soundtrack for that so it's really just stretching out what you can do with the same IP and the metric for success for Netflix is subscriber sign ups and retention so if you are expanding that IP like you're talking about Roger and people love it then you've got now you've got two reasons for the exploding fan to stay subscribed to Netflix or to sign up to Netflix they don't even care if you never play the game or watch it as long as you love it enough to think well I wouldn't want to be able to get you know I wouldn't the game especially is something like once you've watched the TV show you've watched you're waiting for a new one the game is like yeah but I might want to play it again so that's an interesting play for retention well you might wonder you know what are QR codes really good for and the answer may be college football the Verge noted on sportslogos.net that this spring the University of Central Florida or UCF's football team will use QR codes instead of numbers on the back of the players jerseys the front will still have their number so numbers aren't going away but the QR code will be on the back QR code links to players biographies on UCF's website you know that includes stats like how old they are how tall they are high school etc if you're thinking wouldn't this be hard to scan they're running around a field doesn't make a lot of sense appears UCF will also display players QR codes on the home stadium's Jumbotron so that if you're really interested that might make more sense you might recall last year the UCF Knights as they're known kept the numbers on the back of their jerseys but swap their last names for Twitter handles so they're pretty forward thinking oh they are forward thinking is a way to say it you might also say great at getting attention from people you might be another way because you're right like the QR codes even if you're in the stadium looking up at the Jumbotron video I'm imagining this is most useful for people at home even then trying to get your camera out pointed at the screen in time to catch the QR code at the link during even a slow motion video replay seems totally unwieldy totally unuseful having them up on the Jumbotron seems more useful which you wouldn't have had to put them on their jerseys at that point and it's going to definitely make the referees jobs harder because they're going to have everybody flip over so you can see their number you have to wear AR goggles to read the QR code that's magic leap is going to sponsor that kind of turn into a new little registry hollow lens in your surface let's make the refs do their job better we have no QR codes in our mail bag as far as I'm aware is that correct Sarah it is correct but Desmond from what feels like summer in Richmond, Virginia as Desmond says says I was listening to your conversation about AI art in episode 4253 as an instructional designer I've used images from this person does not exist to provide pictures in my courses instead of using stock images I emailed the creator one time about copyright and he told me he believes AI created works that can't be copyrighted and I was free to use them however I wanted this is a handy way for me as an instructional designer to make my courses richer well the courts may or may not agree with him but at least that means he's not going to go after you which is a good first step on the copyright and I love this example thank you Desmond because we were wondering last week and they were wondering on the tech John too like what are these used for like why would you want AI to create art for you and this is a great example right from an actual artist who you might think would be threatened by this but instead is using it as a tool I mean listen if you I don't know right now if I needed to get some sort of a stock image of a man on a skateboard you know and it looked like he was in Florida whatever like getty images would be the first place I would go but that's not free so I can see certainly in a scholastic situation where this actually might make a lot of sense making stock art for people that has you know that is cheap to make because he didn't pay an artist and copyright free because well or at least copyright ambiguous at this point yeah hey we have a brand new boss to thank Cyber Hound Tech started following us over the weekend new patron just started backing us on Patreon thank you so much Cyber Hound Tech great to have you on the team indeed get in there enjoy Cyber Hound Tech we won't even make you put a QR code in the back of your uniform you can just join on in unless you want to that's totally cool and we'll try to scan it as you run by there's a longer version of the show called Good Day Internet available at patreon.com slash DTNS live folks know that it starts right after we finish this show but just a reminder DTNS is live Monday through Friday for PM Eastern 2100 UTC you can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live we're back tomorrow doing it all again with Nate Langston joining us talk to you then this show is part of the Frogpants Network get more at frogpants.com I hope you have enjoyed this program


This point basically is about Arba'een obviously we're here today to commemorate Arba'een and we're here to remember the message of Arba'een and this is something I thought of when I was there in the shrine looking at the shrine and just wishing that I was there every single Arba'een and I was there I would always give him the opportunity to do his yard the year I don't see his grave that's the year that I become blind the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured is the day I've died be it that I'm full of youth or that I'm frail and old his shrine gives me warmth and without it I'm frail and cold his shrine gives me warmth and without it I'm frail and cold God forgive me if on judgment day I am asked when I'm called you missed Arba'een once of its greatness weren't you told when I'm called for questioning with dust in my hair I'll come holding the flag that I held when I walked to Ali's son whatever I lost in life on that walk so much more I'd find the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured is the day I've died I smelt the dust of heaven walking upon that road the dust that rose traveled with me to heaven's abode perhaps because the flood of Noah's ark once flowed perhaps because the flood of Noah's ark here once flowed and upon it the ship of salvation Hussain had road I saw waves flow to his graves waves of soul waves of souls and of people and I saw him take them all with him with his ship he had set sail the people he took with him on the road to him had dined the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured as the day I've died it was once upon this road that they walked as captives and yet alongside her daughters know that Zaynab still lives I see that flags into our hands or a fair hand gives and the walk of Hashem's queen every walker he lives but remember as we walk as in our eyes trickle tears we all walk by Mawakib we all walk beside Mawakib Zaynab walked by heads on spears the stars that sit in the sky with Mawakib are aligned the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured is the day I've died yes we walk yearly on this road the road of the free but would we return if impossible it would be recall those who were executed for walking on this way those who when they reached Hussain's grave those who when they reached Hussain's grave for their own lives they'd pray oh Allah make me of those when by Hussain's grave they would stand had no left hand to be cut so it offered their right hand when presented with their deaths for Hussain they gladly signed the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured as the day I've died the walk to heaven it is reserved for the courageous every step is a hajj and umrah and God's house is Hussain's house when I see my flag flutter I see full terrorists those blessed to walk this road are reserved for greatness no I am not arrogant but I know well of my worth and those that kill us on this road cannot be of pure birth I saw those who know of God leave their work and home behind the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured as the day I've died those who believe those who visit believe in God and in God alone as the narration say it's like visiting Allah's throne the believers cry as on his grave themselves they have thrown the believers cry as on his grave their bodies they have thrown saying peace be upon the flesh that still remains on these bones as we hold onto those bars and wonder what is heaven if it's not here saluting the last of Ali's children we thank Allah for we are the luckiest of mankind the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured as the day I've died the day I die and my body is placed into the ground in the stress of yearning Hussain's grave my own head I would pound but know that if any miss me to return I'll be bound every Arba'een on that walk my soul can be found take a glimpse at those walking you'll find me still amongst them oh you'll find me at the road's end in his shrine doing martyrdom and if any need a prayer just ask my grave I won't mind because the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured is the day I've died the year I don't see his grave that is the year I've become blind and the Arba'een that I'm not there rest assured is the day I've died and I pray inshallah everyone gets a chance to visit Imam Hussain's grave Arba'een every year inshallah


In this second part of the discussion of vectors, we want to continue exploring our description of motion in all dimensions. And in particular, the key ideas that we're going to learn in this particular section of the course are as follows. Vectors, as we've seen in the past, can be added and subtracted from one another. But it's not the only arithmetic operation that's defined for vectors. It's possible to also multiply them, and we're going to see that in this lecture. And we're going to explore one kind of multiplication, something known as scalar multiplication, which takes as an input two vectors, but as an output it returns a scalar number. The scalar product, or dot product, represents the degree to which one vector projects onto another vector and takes that projection and multiplies it by the length of the remaining vector. This is a more compact way to handle this, as we will see as we explore the dot product. So let's consider the nature of the dot product. There are actually two kinds of vector multiplication, but we're only going to deal with one of them right now. And this, as I have said, is the scalar product or dot product. It goes by a couple of names. This product, this multiplication of two vectors, is so-called because the scalar product of two vectors, by definition, will return a pure number, a scalar, a directionless number. Two vectors go in, but a number comes out. And the notation for the dot product, which involves a dot, as the name implies, is shown here. If we take vector one, shown over here in blue, and we dot it, or scalar product it, with v2, shown here in red, the dot product of these two will, by construction, return a single number, capital V. Now, the dot here is extremely important. There's another kind of multiplication that involves a crossing x symbol, or the times symbol. It is a very different kind of multiplication. And so notation is extremely crucial when you are talking about multiplying vectors. You can't use either notation, the dot or times notation, like you can with numbers. For vectors, dot means scalar product, and the crossing x or times symbol means something else. So we're going to stick to this notation. You should accept absolutely no substitution for this when you're talking about the scalar product of two vectors. Now, before we proceed, it's important to know some very basic ground rules that involve the dot product of the unit vectors. The unit vectors define directions along specific coordinate axes. And we're going to stick with two dimensions, although this is easily extended to a third, or even more, spatial dimensions. The rules are as follows. The dot product of i hat with itself, i hat dot i hat, is one. Now, you can see already that the dot product clearly plays some role in our fundamental definition of the length of a vector. After all, a unit vector has length one. We observe here that the dot product of two unit vectors, i hat with itself, is exactly equal to one, which is the length of the unit vector, i hat, squared. The square of one is one. So we can already see that the dot product must somehow connect to length. And in fact, the dot product of any vector with itself will yield the length of that vector squared. So that already shows you the deep connection between the dot product and the length of a vector. Similarly, j hat dotted into itself yields one. Now, here's the key feature of the dot product as regards vectors. The vector i hat points only and entirely along the x direction. The vector j hat points only and entirely along the y direction. The dot product of i with j is zero. And that is because as you will see, the dot product tells you something about how much one vector, i hat, lies along the second vector, j hat. In this case, for vectors that make right angles with one another, absolutely none of the length of i hat lies along j hat. And vice versa, the statement works in both directions. None of j hat lies along i hat. And so it is true that any so-called orthogonal vectors, vectors that lie exactly at a 90 degree angle to one another and by construction i hat and j hat do, no set of orthogonal vectors has anything other than the null value zero for its dot product. So i hat dot j hat and j hat dot i hat are by definition zero. So anytime you see i hat dotted into itself, you can replace that with the number one. And anytime you see j hat dotted into itself, you can replace that with the number one. And anytime you see i hat dotted into j hat or vice versa, you can replace that with zero. And these rules will come in handy in a moment when we take a generic vector like v one and we take its dot product with another generic vector like v two. It is also useful to know that if you have a number a, like a equals five or a equals one hundred and seven, and you multiply that number by a vector to give it a length. So for instance, you want to define a length along the x axis. So you take a and you multiply it by i hat. If you then take the dot product with for instance i hat, you can move the number a around with no penalty and no change in the result. So for instance, I can start by multiplying a directly times i hat and I can take that whole thing and take the dot product with i hat or any other vector. This is equivalent to instead having taken i hat grouped a with the second vector and done the dot product because it's equivalent to this putting a out in front of the whole darn thing and just doing the dot product of those two vectors, which is one. So this is equal to a. So this is equal to a and the second thing is equal to a and the third thing is equal to a. They're all equal to a. It doesn't matter where you put the scalar. The scalar doesn't participate in the dot product of two vectors. So dot product is a very special multiplication that only acts on vectors. Scalers can be moved around anywhere in the process and they do not affect the result of the dot product of two vectors. Now, with those rules in mind, let us go ahead and do a dot product of our vectors. We can read off the actual numerical components of the two vectors. For instance, by looking at the grid of numbers and looking at the vector v1, we can see that it has a length of 1.5 centimeters in the x direction and a length of two centimeters in the y direction. Now, I'm not going to write those numbers down in every step of what I'm about to do. I'm going to keep the notation somewhat compact. So I will refer to the x component of v1 as vx1, the y component of v1 as vy1 and so forth. We can also similarly see the components of v2. It has a length of 1.5 along the x direction and a length of one along the y direction. So we could put numbers in here, but I'm going to hold off on putting numbers in until the very end as you always should when you're doing algebraic manipulation. So I have my two vectors, v1 and v2, and I'm going to take the dot product. I start by writing out the components of each of the vectors. So in square brackets on the left, this is my two-dimensional vector, v1. It's got an x component, vx1, in the i-hat direction. It's got a y component, vy1, in the j-hat direction. Here's v2, written out similarly. And here's the dot product between the two square brackets, again representing the scalar product or dot product of the vectors. Now the dot product can be distributed. So for instance, I can take vx1 i-hat and I can distribute the dot product multiplication of that component by component with v2. So I can write vx1 i-hat dot vx2 i-hat. And then I can add to that another term, vx1 i-hat dot vy2 j-hat. And then similarly, just like multiplying two polynomials by one another, I can take the second component of v1 and I can distribute it, again, adding all of these pieces together. And when I do this, I get this relatively unpleasant looking equation. It seems like I've taken a nasty situation and I've made it a whole lot worse by doing this, but wait for it, we're going to get some shuffling around of numbers and vectors in a moment that's going to grossly simplify what just happened. And in fact, once you get the hang of this, you should feel free to take shortcuts in going through this calculation quickly. The greatest shortcut of all waits for you near the end of this particular lecture video, but algebraically, if you're going to do the dot product robustly and completely this way, you can learn to throw out terms that have i's and j's mixed up in them because they're going to go away anyway, as you'll see in a moment. So here are all four terms of this distributed dot product multiplication. Here's vx1 i-hat dotted into vx2 i-hat, as I originally mentioned. Here's vx1 i-hat dotted into vy2 j-hat and so forth. Well, now I've got scalar numbers, vx1, vx2, multiplying unit vectors, i-hat, j-hat, etc., in a dot product. And remember the lesson I just gave you, scalar numbers can be shuffled around anywhere that's convenient to put them as long as you still keep them in the multiplication group and then gang the vectors together into their dot products. So for instance, I could move vx1 and vx2 out to the left of the dot product of i-hat and i-hat. And in fact, in the next line, that's what I do. Each term, term by term in the four terms, I pull the numbers out in front and I group in parentheses the vectors that are to be dotted together in a scalar product. So I've got i-hat dot i-hat, i-hat dot j-hat, j-hat dot i-hat, and j-hat dot j-hat. And you're beginning to see a pattern here now. And if you again, you remember the rules of the unit vector dot products, i-hat dot i-hat is 1, i-hat dot j-hat is 0. None of i-hat lies along j-hat, and the measure of that is given by the dot product and it's 0. j-hat dot i-hat is 0. j-hat dot j-hat is 1. And so in the next step, I've got the first term multiplied by 1. The middle terms cancel out because they go to 0. They go away. And then finally I have the fourth term which just is multiplied by 1. So simplifying all this and taking all the clutter away, what I've learned is that the dot product of v1 and v2 is just the product of their x-components added to the product of their y-components. See the shortcut? The shortcut emerges at the end of this labor. The dot product of any two vectors is the product of the x-components added to the product of the y-components added to the product of the z-components. That's it. That's the rhythm of this. Now I can plug in numbers. The x-components of the two velocity vectors v1 and v2 are 1.5 centimeters and 1.5 centimeters. These are now just numbers multiplied together so this dot here just represents plain old scalar multiplication. And then similarly the y-components are multiplied together. The y-component of v1 is 2 centimeters. The y-component of v2 is 1 centimeter. And you see that written out here. And then I can finally do all the math and group all the stuff together. And I get my final answer that the dot product of v1 and v2 is 4.25 centimeters squared. Now notice what would happen. Just think about this for a moment. Maybe you want to work this out on paper. Not a bad idea. Instead of doing v1 and another vector v2, do v1 dot it into itself. v1 dot v1. Well what happens? We wind up here with vx1 times vx1 plus vy1 times vy1. So we have vx1 squared plus vy1 squared. Doesn't that sound familiar? That's the Pythagorean theorem. That's the sum of the squares of the sides of the triangle that make up this vector. And that equals the square of the length of the vector, the hypotenuse of the right triangle. So the dot product is just an elaborate way of recovering the Pythagorean theorem but from vectors, not just plain old numbers. But really, again, what the heck is this number represented by the dot product? So it's great that we got a number out of two vectors. Numbers are always nicer to deal with than vectors. But what is this number? In a sense, it represents the length of one vector that projects onto another. What it really is, as you'll see in a graphic in a moment, is it's the component of one vector, say vector a, that lies along vector b multiplied by the length of vector b. So if we think about the unit vectors and the rules, again, about multiplying i hat and j hat with itself or with each other, we can begin to build some physical intuition about what the dot product is. Again, the expression i hat dot i hat kind of asks the question, well, how much does a unit vector pointing in the x direction project onto itself? Well, of course, the answer is all of the unit vector pointing in the same direction as another unit vector lies on the other unit vector. The answer is 100%. And sort of that's what this quantity returns to us as a number. A vector projected onto itself always equals the full length of the projection. In this case, two unit vectors, really, this is the length squared in this case. The same goes for j hat dot j hat. And then as I said earlier, the expression of i hat dotted into j hat asks and ultimately answers the question, how much does a unit vector along x project onto a unit vector that lies instead along y? And the answer is not at all. None of a unit vector pointing on x has anything to do with y and vice versa. So lines or vectors at right angles to each other have no degree of their length projected along the other. Remember, ideal geometric lines have length in only one dimension. They have no dimensionality in any others. When we write a line on a piece of paper, we're approximating an idealized geometric line by giving it a thickness. But in reality, a geometric line has no thickness. It has length along one direction and no dimension in any of the other two dimensions of space. But that's sort of throwing yourself back to geometry a little bit to remind yourself that a vector is a line and a line of dimensionality in one direction. There is no dimensionality in any other direction. Now, a shortcut for the dot product is this rule of thumb that in general, the dot product between any two vectors, a vector and b vector, whatever they may be, is given by the product of their lengths, a and b, and the cosine of the angle between them, theta. So if you instead know the angle between two vectors, don't spend all your time on that elaborate dot product I just showed you. Sometimes you'll be given vectors where you have no choice and you have to do that. But if instead you either can figure out or are given the cosine of the angle that is directly between those two vectors, just take the length of the first times the length of the second times the cosine of the angle, quit and go home. You're done. So the key idea is that we have learned in this section of the course, this brief discussion of one kind of multiplication for vectors is as follows. Now, vectors can be multiplied. They don't just have to be added or subtracted. There's one kind of multiplication that we've just looked at. There's another kind we'll get to eventually, but not right away. And that this kind of multiplication, scalar multiplication, takes as input two vectors and it returns a scalar number. The scalar product or the dot product, which implies the symbol you should use when you write it down, represents the product of the projection of one vector onto another vector and the length of that vector. So that's represented over here. We can see graphically the dot product represented for us. We have the vector A. We have the vector B. We have the angle between them, theta. The dot product is AB cosine theta, where B is the length of the vector B. A cosine theta is this. It's this length right here. And that's part of the components of the vector A composed along the direction of B. So if I take B as if it was the x-axis and I write my horizontal component of A and my vertical component of A, the horizontal component is given by A cosine theta. This is something you've been exercising over and over and over again in this course as you look at velocities, accelerations, forces, et cetera, and do some trigonometry to relate forces to each other and add them up and so forth. Here you can see that the dot product is the length of the piece of A that lies along B times the length of B. So it's A cosine theta times all of B. Similarly, you could instead decompose B along the direction represented by A and there also the corresponding component that lies along A is B cosine theta. That doesn't change. And then you multiply B cosine theta to answer. So the dot product works whether you start from A and go to B or start from B and go to A. And that's one of the beautiful things about this product. And at the end of the day, two vectors go in, one number comes out and now you have a number that characterizes the sort of degree of overlap of these two quantities. It also as you will see in a physics context has specific physics meanings. We're about to encounter the dot product in one special location in energy and specifically in work. But it's not the only place that it appears.  And so it's a good idea to begin to build some familiarity with the dot product. And of course you're going to get to do that in this course as we apply this concept and physics concepts to understanding the natural world.


So here is a clip from the first updo that I did for y'all now This was done on blonde out here, and I left this in for about three to four days We're in a scarf at night to maintain this style I did not need to add any more products you guys so that I can avoid build-up now here I am four days later. You can see it's a little bit bigger All I have to do in certain areas was to place a bobby pin and yeah What we're going to do is to take out all of the bobby pins take down my hair and we're going to figure out what to do with all this hair Use hair logs Products because I don't want any build-up now I don't mind switching up products throughout the week, but I do plan on maintaining this particular blowout for at least two weeks So y'all this leaving conditioner, excuse me. I actually used to leave in conditioner not the moisture Miss the leaving conditioner is very very creamy You know this hair care collection I even told her this when I saw her a couple of days ago The collection reminds me very much of jane carter's The the belief is the healthy you collection the yellow and white one, which I can't find anymore But anyway, yeah, it very much resembles that that collection. So now i'm going to use a little bit of oil I'll apply that to my hair The edges and towards my end and so i'm just looking to moisturize my hair at this point Y'all so what I plan on doing is taking this large section of hair here At least I'm trying to grow do a little bit of finger detangle And I'm going to do a large flat twist and pin that up Now it may seem like very similar like the first pin up, but I promise you it's going to be totally different. Okay Just one to two large three inch bobby pins Now you guys I can only find these particular bobby pins at my local grocery store But I'm pretty sure they sell them at multiple places. Now if I wanted to I could go out like this This is a hairstyle in itself, but now girl it's a it's three degree weather out here We're going to go ahead and pin this up. So you guys what I'm going to be doing is taking large sections of my hair um twisting the ends and then just pulling it up And so it's going to give me an almost I don't know how to almost like little bitty balloons of hair Um, but you're going to see what type of Texturized look it's going to give me towards the back. It's going to almost look like a flower. Okay To pin my hair I'm going to turn around towards the back here in a second so you can see the effect is given my hair So you see this Yes So again, just taking down each section and just pinning it up and yeah, that is it you guys very very very simple There is the finished style it is very very pretty this to me is a very regal look I absolutely love it Again maintaining the look with a headscarf at night if I needed to add some more bobby pins Okay, but I do not touch my hair once it's up It is up for at least two to three days if I can stretch to the four days great But more than likely just three days So I will take it down and come back on camera with another style for you guys Thank you so much for watching it. Thank you as always to all of my new subscribers. Take care. Bye


In stock now, we had it in the shop, but now it's actually available to purchase. We have the Raspberry Pi Compute I-O board for the Raspberry Pi 4 Compute modules. We have some Compute modules, not the Wi-Fi ones in stock. I think we have like the 2GB MMC, no Wi-Fi basic ones. This I-O board has everything. Full-time clock, breakouts, multiple USB ports, Ethernet, 2 HDMI, it's got like three camera connectors or something. It's got multiple display connectors. It's got a PCIe slot, I mean like it's got everything, DC power jack. So if you're designing something with the Compute module 4 from Raspberry Pi and you don't know what you need, use this design, figure out the minimal hardware that you need for your final product, and then pair everything else away. And you can basically use this as your development board for the Compute module, which plugs right in. Let me grab my Compute module and I can even show it off on the overhead. So this is the Compute module plugged in. It's just got these nice little sockets, so you can plug it in right here. PCIe, power supply, fan controller, DC, I think this is probably up to 12 volts input, microSD card, 2 USB, Ethernet, 2 HDMI, real-time clock, standard Raspberry Pi, 2x20, 2 camera ports, 2 display ports, and then I think this is the configuration jumper. So yeah, especially the PCIe, that's kind of cool. I didn't even know that that was available. So yeah, I don't know, plug in whatever card you wanted or PCIe there. Okay. All right, so check it out. And it doesn't come with the Compute module, but we stopped the Compute modules, plug them together. Next up, we have from, we actually, these are called like black pills, because they're kind of like an upgrade of the blue pills. This is an STM32F411 chip. I think it has 512K of flash and then 128K of RAM. There's also a spot on the bottom for a Q-Spy flash, should you want to solder one in. This has support in Arduino, who STM32 Arduino. There's some MicroPython port I found for it, it's linked in the product. And we also have CircuitPython support for it. It's got a couple buttons on it, bootloader button, reset button, user button, LED. It's kind of minimal, but it does have a large GPIO and it's a nice powerful chip. So if you want to get going with STM32, especially in CircuitPython or MicroPython, where you really want like a Cortex-M4, you want like a good amount of memory, this board will give you a lot of GPIO, the power stuff, USB-C and you can kind of get going. So we don't make this, it's by React, but if you look online for black pill, STM32F411, you can see lots of tutorials and projects people build with this board. Okay, next up. It's this mini PIR sensor, which I can also show on the overhead. So we have large PIR sensors that have wires on them. This is a little cute PIR sensor. What's so good about it? Well, it plugs into a breadboard, it's kind of tiny and it's really simple. You just give it three to 12 volts on the power pin, ground pin, and then the output just toggles high for two seconds whenever somebody walks by. It has about three to five meter distance, but it can work much closer as well.  So these are often used for automatic light turning on systems and bathrooms or motion detectors or intruder detectors. But a lot of people want projects where when a human walks by or maybe a large animal it's detected. So this PIR sensor will do the job. So we zoom in. So you see there's a regulator here. These are these three pins. You can see there's very small text. It's a negative sign for ground, O for output, VCC positive.  So yeah, you just give it three or 12 volts and it's just you plug into a breadboard. It's very easy to use. And we'll have to have the pin read by a microcontroller. I tried to kind of fit it up to like, like some PIRs that can drive like a relay or like an LED. But this output pin isn't very strong. So you'd want to read it from a microcontroller and then have that microcontroller or transistor and then have that actually power a more high powered output.  Yes. We've got pigtails. These are JSTXH pigtails. Let's talk about them all at once. We've got two pair pigtails. We've got three pair, we got three wires and I guess what comes after three, we've got four pair and we've got five pair and last but not least six pair.  These are really easy to plug it on plug. You get two halves, right? You get the socket and the plug with various pins. We also have these in like JSTXH, sorry, JSTPH and we also have these in PicoBlade which are very small. They are a little chunkier. They use 26 gauge wire. The connector itself can carry about three amps. It's a nice chunky connector so good when you need a little bit more power or you want something that's a little less fiddly than the PicoBlades. I'll show it on the overhead real fast. You can see one example but they're all pretty much the same thing. This one is the three pin and there's a nice key here so you can't plug it in backwards. Ooh, that's nice. It can only go in one way and it has a nice little locking action so it's solid against pulling but then when you really want to, it's friction lock. So each connector half is 2.5 millimeter pitch. It's not quite 1 inch, 0.1 inch. It's like a little bit less. It's 2.5 millimeter, not 2.54. That said, you can pretty much fit this into something that has 0.1 inch pitch, especially the 2, 3 and 4 pin. Once you get to 5 and 6, it's a little bit fiddlier because the tolerance does add up. It's close to ish 0.1 inch and so you can, if you really want to plug this side into header, you can kind of get away with this like this PIR sensor. It's like, well, you know, it works just fine even though technically it's a little bit different. So JSTXH pigtails in multiple sizes. I love having these pigtails because I see people try to crimp their own connectors and if you're really good at crimping, you can of course make any connector you could ever want.  You just want the cable and you solder the ends to whatever you want and you're good to go. Okay. And to start tonight, besides you, the community, our customers, our team, is what we were talking about before is the Feather RP2040. If you're watching this live, you might even have some in stock. That's right. The Feather RP2040. We got those chips in last week late and then on Monday, we got the PCBs and we ran them. We did a small run and we'll be doing more. Okay. So it's up here so I can point out all the things we got going on. So it is a Feather. It's Feather-shaped, two inches by 0.9 inches, USB-C connector. A lot of our newer Feathers have USB-C. It's got the standard JST battery connector. It's got battery charging built in. There's two buttons. On the left, there's a reset button. On the very right, there's a boot select button. For those who've played with the RP2040, you know that you have to press the boot select button while resetting or powering up to go into the UF2 boot loader. So that's a great way to easily load code onto it. You don't need any special DFU utils or a special SWD programmer. But speaking of SWD programmer, there is an SWD header in the middle. It's not populated. Why? Because we wanted to keep this Feather nice and slim. A lot of people like to make slim Feather packages and the SWD header would make it kind of extra tall. So we left it out. Instead, we sell the connectors to like a dollar. You can buy them Digi-Key a couple of cents. So on an SWD connector, should you wish to connect this up to a debugger like your J-Link or whatnot and use the debugger tools, not a lot of people use the debugger. So again, it's an optional thing. There's an onboard Neopixel that you can control. It's connected to one of the pins that isn't brought out. In CircuitPython, we use it to notify you about your program status, but use it for whatever you like. There's a crystal and of course the RP2040 chip, right? This cool dual Cortex M0 runs about 125 megahertz. It's got 264K of RAM in it, which is wonderful. And because it has RAM but not flash, if you look on the very right hand side, between the chip and the boot select button, there is a Q-Spy flash chip. That's the execute and place flash. It's 8 megabytes. It's really chunky because it's going to be shared with your CircuitPython or MicroPython code, as well as the firmware running on the RP2040 itself. So for CircuitPython, at least, we take about a megabyte and then you have seven megabytes left for all the files and fonts and libraries and images and animations and audio, whatever you have, you stick it on that disk drive. So you have seven megabytes left over, which is a good amount. If you're wondering why eight, you can watch last week's Desk of Lady Aida and I'll tell you the secret, which is it was a thing that worked.  So you can quickly connect all sorts of sensors and devices, OLEDs and such. Into the end, we even have a Grove adapter cable. So if you have Grove, X-squared C sensors, plug those in as well. The idea is to make it super easy for people to get started with CircuitPython on the RP2040. And speaking of, I have some feather projects I thought I would show off. Maybe on the overhead. So starting with, let's see which demos work, the joy. OK, so this one. And you decided, hey, I've got this feather on a new chip. Why don't I? Let's connect to a feather wing. Why don't I see how it works? Yeah. Make sure everything still works. Pretty much. That's how the sausage is made. So here I've got the RP2040. And here is the feather M4 RGB feather wing. So this is for RGB matrix displays as seen on the matrix portal. People love these. They're used in pixel purses. They come in all sorts of sizes. And it's a really easy way to add tons of LEDs to a project. And I just have it on a doubler. So they're just connected side by side. So you can see both of them. And then when I power this with five volts, this will power up. And then the matrix, I'm going to, this is connected to this matrix, which I'm going to move out of the way. Oh, goodness. Oh, goodness. How do I get back? Am I running Android on this thing? No, that didn't work. Well, I do not know what I pressed. Thank you. OK. So this, hi, live demo. So the RGB feather wing is connected up to this matrix into running this little animation, which is taking icons from a bitmap and then swirling them around in Circuit Python. It's just an easy demo to show quick animations of iconography and bitmaps on RGB feather wing. So that just shows you can plug and play existing feather wings onto your RP2040 feather. The next demo I have, I've got two demos going, is I took this RP2040 feather. I'm going to be very careful not to press any buttons. So this is the RP2040 feather here, and I plugged it into an airlift feather wing. So this adds an ESP32 as a Wi-Fi coprocessor. And then I plugged this into a TFT feather wing. So again, it's all feather wings all the way down, powered this off of a battery, and then plugged in a temperature and humidity sensor. And then over here, I've got, it's connecting over Wi-Fi and sending the data to Adafruit IO. So like this was a, let me get real close. So connecting to Adafruit IO and then sending the data over Wi-Fi through the Request Library through HTTPS securely to Adafruit IO for data logging. So again, it's all kind of plug and play. You plug in the Wi-Fi feather wing on the top. It uses the standard ESP32 SPI library we've got for Circuit Python. Plug into a TFT feather wing. So now you've got your console, the cute little blinca in the corner, displaying so you can easily see what your Circuit Python board is doing. And then finally, plug and play sensors, and then run one of our 300 plus libraries to get that temperature and humidity data and send it online. And then you can see over here, I've got this. So you can do IoT projects with the RP2040 right now. That's right. Let's go to use Circuit Python. Circuit Python works. So you can see the temperature and humidity. And if I breathe on this, you should see the humidity pop up and the temperature pop up. So maybe I didn't break it. There you go. So humidity from my breath, two or three seconds later, get to upload to Adafruit IO. And so you can get instant IoT projects with the RP2040 feather using the existing feather ecosystem, which is awesome. You have put these demos together in only a few seconds, a few minutes before the show. It's by plugging in the existing parts we have and running the example code that we already have. All right. Well, we only have 40 left in stock, so they'll probably be gone shortly. I know. OK, so here's my demo. So far.


The 2024 draft has been awarded to Detroit. Okay! Oh! Everybody, that's the good news. Why? Because the people at Detroit, Hell yeah, yeah. Okay, deserve something great from the NFL. Think about that. The Red Wings yesterday, lost 11 to two. To the Pittsburgh Penguins. I did not expect to get into hockey talking and I'm sorry, we're wasting your time, but then the Lions fan. I mean, the Lions fans have had to watch his turnover after turnover, after turnover, after turnover. Now, they get to watch Hard Knocks with the team. Yeah, yeah. Here we go. Hard Knocks gonna make a good time to talk about the doge doge doge. And now we'll actually get to see what's in that building, what has been going on, the fans are, and they get to draft. Good for the Detroit people. Well, let's be the first time that the number one overall pick is in the exact, in the same city as where the draft is happening.