Hello and welcome to the session in which we will discuss Certain business expenses that could apply differently for self-employed and employee Which is they require a little bit of explanation if you are self-employed you prepare a Schedule C so you prepare a schedule C you would list your income and you would list your Expenses and you'll either net have a net income or a net loss then eventually the net income or the net loss Will go to your form 1040 whether it's net income or a net loss and This is adjusted gross income. It's listed above adjusted gross income So any expenses you take are for adjusted gross income however, if you are an employee and You qualify for certain deduction. It's gonna go on schedule a so you add up all your deductions Which is some of them will be office in the home and they are deducted Below AGI which is from AGI. So it's very important to understand this Concept I repeat I repeat this concept every time because it's worth remembering Let's go ahead and get started to see how office in the home Works and what are the requirements? Before we proceed any further. I have a public announcement about my company farhat lectures comm Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool That's gonna help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of Lectures multiple choice questions through false questions as well as exercises go ahead start your free trial today Deductability here is very restrictive because the possibility of abuse remember if you're working from home What's personal and what's business gets blended? So we the IRS have specific rules the office must be used Primarily it means exclusive only for business purposes and it must be used on a regular consistent basis it should be considered your main place of business and It should be utilized by client patient and customer. So when someone comes, you know a customer a patient a client You meet them in that office on a regular basis. So what's a what's what's a main clip? What's a main place of business? What does that mean? What constitute a main place of business? Well, if the tax if you carry out administrative, you do all the paperwork Management work and and we have to be careful and this is very important for employees and it's used Not for your convenience for the convenience of your employer. So your employer is asking you to work from home Okay, so it's not optional. So a few you do this for your own convenience If you're an employee remember, this is an employee then it doesn't qualify So you are working from home because your employer asks you to do so it's for their Convenience not for your convenience So you have to do administrative management work and it has to be for the convenience of your employer Now if you are an employee if you are self-employed, that's a different story That's you as long as you meet those criteria then the office in the home is deductible now Bear in mind if you're an employee those deductions will be suspended from 2018 to 2025 How you determine how much to deduct you can either one of two methods either the regular method which is called the actual expense method or the Simplified method or the safe harbor method. Let's start by looking at the regular method Okay under the regular method you have various expenses.  What does that mean direct expenses means they are related specifically to that office space indirect It means they could benefit the business and the personnel. We're gonna see what they are direct expenses only the part of the home That's designated for the office. So any expense you incur there for example, if you paint the wall It's assumed. This is the office. This is specifically for the benefit of this office If you put a carpet there for that office if we change the carpet specific for that office Those are deducted in full Now there are certain expenses that you cannot break them between personal and business for example utilities Taxes insurance you pay insurance for the whole home. You don't buy insurance specifically for the office Same thing with taxes when you pay the taxes you pay the taxes for the whole house Same thing with utilities unless you have separate utilities, which is not likely you would allocate between business and personal based on the allocation base Home office expense if you are self-employed means you have a trade then those expenses are deductible for AGI they're basically part of your Part of your schedule C. So that's that's fine So allowable home office expenses cannot create a loss What does that mean if you're self-employed and you are computing your net income and at the end of the day The home office expense cannot create a net loss for you and you can break even Okay, same concept as hobby or rental of vacation homes where if you have a an access expenses of Those home office expenses and you no longer have income to offset them then that's it You can no longer take them. Some of them can be carried forward like depreciation Okay, and what happened is any amount that's not used for example Interests on the home taxes they can be used somewhere else like on schedule a assuming you itemized Okay amount allowed as itemized deductions or deducted first must be deducted first when you Perform your computation. The first thing you do is you deduct After cost of goods sold mortgage interest and real estate because those are deductible anyway Let's take a look at this example. Adam a CPA working as a tax manager in a CPA regional firm He runs a tutoring business on the side He dedicate two rooms in his basement for the sole purpose of a CPA tutoring business These two rooms occupy 200 and square feet equivalent to 10% of his residence which total 2,500 square feet the tutoring business generates a gross income of 6,000 for this particular year with expenses Execluding home office expenses of 4,000 amounting to 4,000 So this is basically software advertising supplies for the office So on and so forth and Adam had the following home expenses Interest on the mortgage for the whole home taxes on the property for the whole property home owners insurance and Makers depreciation of 400. How do we compute? The home office expense. Well first thing we do is we'll take the 6,000 of income Minus basically the cost of the business 4,000 equal to 2,000 then we're gonna deduct the interest and the taxes first and this is gonna be 10% of those 9,000 plus 5,000 equal to 14,000 times 10% that's gonna be 1,400. We're gonna take the 2,000 minus 1,400 that's gonna give us $600 left an income then we're gonna take 10% of the home owners insurance, which is 600 minus 250 will give us $350 now we have depreciation remember we cannot incur a loss From the home office expense therefore of the 400 we're gonna be using 350 and what's left $50 will be carried The access depreciation for future years Let's look at the simplified method. Well simplified method Well, you are allowed under the simplified method You don't have to keep track of things $5 per square foot and you are limited to 300 square foot So you are limited to 1500 deduction. No deduction is allowed for depreciation or actual expenses They're just saying you can take $5 per square feet up to 300 Okay, now this is good because what you can do you can free up interest and taxes to take on schedule a and there is no Carry over of any unused depreciation. Let's look at this example the same example as Aram But using the simplified method again, we'll start $6,000 of income minus $4,000 of supplies advertising and software cost $2,000 what's left is he he occupied 250 feet times five Which is $1250 $2,000 minus $1250 you'd have a net income of $750 now now bear in mind that That he did not use his home mortgage and taxes which he can use fully now on schedule a Usually usually the simplified method is is less usually the simplified method is less now Which method to use well, you have to know the rules for both because now with the simplified method It present an annual decision The the taxpayer has to either take the Simplified method or the actual when considering the two method first you have to understand the regular and exclusive Apply to both so that doesn't change between the two now bear in mind the simplified method require fewer Calculation and less record keeping why because you just need to know how many square footage you are occupying That's all what you have to know By eliminating depreciation because you don't take depreciation you avoid that 25% real estate Tax for depreciation recapture. What does that mean when you take depreciation on the house? And you sell the house later you are required to do what to recapture this depreciation Well, if you don't take the depreciation, you don't have to recapture it And as I mentioned the simplified method will free up your interest and mortgage to be deductible on schedule a assuming you Are itemizing assuming you are itemizing in most cases the regular method Will have a smaller amount because you could the maximum is 1500 And it does not allow for any unused deductions specifically for mortgage And once the taxpayer taxpayer has made a choice it cannot be changed in other words You cannot amend your return and change it from one method to the other. That's fine What should you do now go to far hat lectures look at additional mcqs That's going to help you understand this concept better whether you are a cpa candidate Accounting student or an enrolled agent far hat lectures can help. Good luck study hard and stay safe


Okay, you were live okay. Perfect. Well everyone. Thanks for joining this great session today and I'm John carpenter. I run the hyper ledger day number meetup group and we're doing this as a network meeting today and We have a great Set of guests with us today And we're going to be talking about accelerating the path to production with fabric technologies and we've got Taylor try it and Alex O'Rough who and I'll tell you a little bit about their backgrounds, but they're really experts in Fabric topologies Alex spent the first half of his career Architecting and building mission critical systems for trading settlement and risk management of derivatives at one of the largest options and futures clearing houses and And then Taylor has worked in the financial software industry to develop cloud services for security modeling management and accounting and We're going to have both of them go through with a very nice interactive presentation today and if possible we're also going to look at doing a poll via zoom today and You can kind of weigh in and we want this to be very active So the main thing what I'll say to you is as we move through their presentation today Please feel free to use the chat To post any questions that you have and as we can get him in you know right with the presentation We'll do that and then definitely at the end of their presentation We're going to go in and do a nice Q&A as well So at this point I'm going to turn it over to Taylor and Taylor why don't you walk us through this great presentation? Thanks, John. Yeah, let me share my screen here. Okay, and just let me know if everybody can see this Yep, looks good. Yep. Okay. Great. All right. Well, thanks everyone for joining This presentation is going to be about hyper ledger fabric topologies experimenting with and testing fabric features To give you a little bit of overview about the whole presentation The the first part will be just a little bit of summary about alpha ledger and his history with hyper ledger projects and then we'll go into why we built these topologies and After that we'll look at the repository go into a little bit of details about how structured and Then after that we'll go through each of the topologies and give a little bit of a explanation and Just a little bit of some details about each one Let me just move this way So about alpha ledger alpha ledger is developing blockchain-based infrastructure for the fixed-income market to originate bonds They both do loans insecurities Alpha ledger was founded in 2019 with the mission to bring transparency traceability and increased access to the bond market When we started with hyper ledger a fabric it was with AWS running an AWS with their ECS service You know, we have a smaller team so we actually worked with that we found that there was this other service called a dose managed We we switched over to use this for a period of time That that was good for smaller teams that you know they manage a lot of the services you've used it before That was all in TypeScript Compiled to the Node.js chain code And so we ended up getting you know better resources Alex particular so we were able to Host our own version and and so we've been we've been transitioning to be fully self-managed with the latest versions and so some of the current things we're working on is is Is adding external organizations that are our external nodes That are running with external or sorry external nodes that are parts of organizations running on cloud providers That are not our own or even in accounts that we don't own Okay, so what so why do we decide to build these fabric topologies? So the first reason we were trying to come up with a production ready system and so we wanted to address some important Coints one of those is secure communication between the nodes and the network part of SOC2 and the finance industry that require like they require Encryption at rest and encryption over transit So we had to make sure that that was supported and we had to also look at load balancing and failover to ensure that I Guess basically the the five eat five nines that have a uptime and that's one of the goals We have and trying to achieve so we need like you know multiple peers running in orders and what happens if they fail stuff like that And we wanted to also Understand how the world state data changes between different organizations and We also wanted to leverage The newer features of fabric just to be able to say hey, okay fabric release new feature How do we go about integrating that or even just what does this new feature do and so Those are the main points for production readiness and so after after the other point is There was some there was lots of online tutorials and there's lots of documentation I think one of the main things is that you know lots of these are are Are sort of scattered and they're on different operating systems Sometimes the the blog will be you know using Mac and sometimes windows and sometimes Linux so we cited you know all these Documents, let's just put them together into a single sort of Docker compose project and Let's see and that was one of the reasons and so we also wanted to for the point third point We wanted to have working examples. They're just easy to set up an experiment with So I'll hand this slide over to Alex. Oh, Alex. I think you're on mute Sorry, can you hear me now? Yeah Cool, and you can see my desktop, correct? Correct. All right, so In terms of the repository for The fabric topologies So we're gonna go over a little bit its organization and talk about Basically what how the topologies are organized and what are the main components for it? and what would you need to use in terms of starting up a Network and tearing it down and Also, some of the basic configurations or the most important configurations associated with that So if we were to navigate to the this is the same code base that you would find in the in the github repository I will navigate to that in a few minutes, too So we have at the top we have a topologies folder and we're saying that the pop that each of the topologies Is basically self-contained what that really means is that everything needed for running a topology is Located in that topology folder. The only exception to that are some basic are some very basic or Common components that we use across all topologies namely as part of back and compose we have a A network that is configured with a different name for each topology So that's kind of the first Docker compose base file. Then we have a shell command which basically it's a Service that actually is used across all topologies and What this does any commands that we need to run for executing let's say Committing some chain code or invoking some chain code register use it users or things that nature even those run inside the Docker container so nothing runs on the come nothing runs on the host if you will everything is Docker based So the two prerequisites for running at the Paul, you know, and the topologies is to run to have Docker and Docker compose installed Now inside a topology folder, but you'd have you have two basic scripts a setup script and a tear down The setup basically has all the script all the commands necessary to bring up To bring up the network. In fact, you would see right now that I just brought up One of the networks so topology number for it just came up We're gonna go a little bit more to see kind of what what it means, but in essence if a topology has started up you would see at the end That it completed you would get a message of this nature and it also shows that Sorry, it also shows at the end of the fact that we have loaded a That we did a get command an invoke a man to read the assets from the From the network. So let me just really quick start up another one while we're Going next to the slides. So as I mentioned There's no need for any type of parameters to be passed along just do a start up and then this will start again the network The network is basically composed of The network itself will all the all the all the nodes orders peers fabric CAs and things that nature But also deployment of a code deployment deployment of a chain code and then the execution of the chain code at the end Because in essence we want to make sure that the network is running fine and that's that's why we deploy and execute chain code at the end So what we saw there at the very end was an invoke commands to to do a read of what the chain code wrote to the network All the Setup of the I mean the network basically has one single channel that all peers are joining for the different organizations and The And The There is one topology in which case in which orders are also joining the same channel. We're going to get to that last apology at the end. That's a topology that use that I use the system participation at The channel participation API So just to come back a little bit to some of the other configurations. So the setup, you know, again runs all the scripts necessary to set up the network that they're done will will basically Take everything down for for that apology. The only thing that is going to remain on your machine is the image that got pulled into the into the docker Your docker repository and the reason for that is we want to allow it to kind of start up more easily. So the only thing you would really need to clean up That the tear down doesn't do is are the images inside Docker crypto material for all the components in the network are created in this crypto material Folder so you can kind of walk through it and then you will see for each of the Components, you know, the MSP folder with the certificates the Keys and things that nature and the CA CA search as well So that's where you'd find those in terms of fight fabric by binaries. We mentioned that we can run multiple topologies at the same time And those topologies can even run with different fabric binaries. The way that's achieved is through this ENV file this configuration file Where for each topology you can go and actually adjust the fabric version that you want to run for each for each of these components. Obviously now the topology will use a certain features for example channel participation You will need to make sure you know a newer a newer feature you would need to make sure that the version that you're using actually supports that Supports that feature, but other than that, this is the place where you can make changes In terms of ports. This is an important one. So when we run inside of a script just to come back really quick when you'll see a docker compose it's actually kind of layering three different Three different Docker compose files is this base one that we mentioned at the end and then the one for the shell command and then there is the docker compose that it's set up in each single topology And then inside it what you will find here that the ports are pretty much all commented out. So what that means is that No ports of the containers that are running are actually exposed externally to the host by default. The reason for that is kind of to fold one we didn't want to conflict with any ports that might actually be ordered to be taken on the machine we wanted to make sure that the Network starts up without problems or without any issues, you know, due to this power conflict and secondly, if you want to have actually multiple networks running concurrently. It gets a little bit trickier because then each topology would have to have its own port for example for a CA and things that nature. So we left it here for the users to to make adjustments and they see fit and just open the the ports that they need for certain components on Just at the startup time and when they when they start up a network. In fact, we'll see I just show two examples right now because they're going to come up and we're going to be doing some testing. So in this case, I open a port for postgres because one of the policies we're going to review later deals with storing data for the fabric see and postgres. So we want to be able to browse some data and postgres so therefore we open that port and later on, for example, here for couch TV. I'm sorry for open LDAP We're open LDAP We're using that to also one of the apologies we want to be able to access that open LDAP server and therefore we we expose the port to the host Let me see what else then we can cover here. So there is a lot of repetition actually in terms of what the setup scripts does if you were to look for one topology to another. So the setup script, for example, for T3 to T1 Would be looking very similar with just a few changes right And the reason we didn't want to move this kind of common things to like higher level common components was because we wanted to allow for comparison between topologies. So in this case, what I'm looking here it's a comparison between topology T1 and topology T3 so T1 is the base one that Taylor has been talking about T3 I think is the one that deals with external chain code. So this is making it easy now because we can actually find out okay what were the new files the new configurations. We had to set up or what did we need to change, for example in the YML file right for for Docker compose oops Well, I'm going to open it up again or a script right like I mentioned the setup script. What is it different between T1 versus T3 so we think that that makes makes the understanding of Changes that they have to have to be made because there's in some instances are quite a few changes. It makes it easier to understand the other differences between topologies. So I think we covered all the basic things at the moment so As you can see here now really quick in Docker desktop. I have actually If we scroll down just a second I have this in front of me. We scroll down and look at the Sorry I wanted to look at the containers. So for the containers we have basically here topology T4 right and then at the same time we have a topology for T5 running concurrently so That's that's what makes it easy to have Basically multiple networks running at the same time. With this I'm going to turn it over back to Taylor to start walking through the first apology to Our first set of topologies to kind of explain what's happening inside each one of those Okay, thanks Alex. Yeah, that was very helpful. Thank you. Okay Okay, how's the screen shown up Yep, the screen looks great Taylor. Thank you So the first apology we'll start with is T1. It's considered the base topology We use this topology to Form like the root the base point for all the other topologies So sort of going through these diagrams are going to see on each of the slides We have these green boxes representing each organization Within each organization you're going to see various blue boxes which represent the different services running So for example or one we have an orders service running we have a certificate authority service running Or two we have peers certificate authorities or three we appear certificate authorities And so within the blue boxes we have like individual I would call like nodes maybe so you interval services And also You can see they give you each each maybe has a little more detail like on this peer you can see it says level DB Internal chain code And then you can see right here says pure one CLI So it's it's quite detailed and And each one of these diagrams and under the certificate authorities box inside the box you can see that there's two gray boxes and The first one that says fabric CA TLS and the second one says fabric CA identities The the fabric TLS Is responsible for issuing the search for the communication secure communications between the orgs and the member nodes and the fabric CA identity service is for the Issuing the certificates to For the endorsements Of chain code and such so this is or this is T1 and so we'll We'll look the next at T0 so T0 is sort of T1 minus One so it's minus or three We've reduced the third. We've reduced the number of orgs. We've reduced the number of orders and peers And we just We did this most recently Just to have a very Even more simple simplistic Network to start up And So let me just go to the next one here. So this is more interesting here. So T2 We have additional orders and peers. So we've We've taken and we have some we have some other Improvements or I'll get to that but We have additional orders We have additional orders Included under the other org or two and on top of that we've also added Ingen X proxies. So As you can see we have Orders and org one and or two and so we when you want to reference the order in the chain code for example You it would make sense to have a proxy versus having to determine which orders to send the transactions to To endorse So Let's see. So there's also peers. This one includes an order is proxy and appears proxy. So both the orders and peers in this t topology are being proxied And just to show you a little bit what that looks like We can go into the code files here and exit this So in meld I have I think we're on Sorry, it was a T2 yeah T2 So Rather than use meld. I wanted to show you the engine next proxies here. So we'll go to T2 With the configuration And you can see right here where there's an order as proxies and peers proxies. So there's proxies And And for example here's the order Orders proxy Configuration for engine X. So we have It configured so that it will It's like a pass through and it's using like SSL so it's secure And it's just passing the communication to the whichever order We have configured here And we also do the same thing for the peers Each work has a proxy for their peers Oh, and also the peer Sorry, the can the if you want to know for the on this topology How the engine X servers are configured That's under containers Orders Here's the order of proxy container here. So you can see this is where the docker Images being configured here so That's So looking at the next apology T3 this is a T1 topology plus an external chain code server As you may have remembered the T1 the all the chain codes were installed internally so internal chain code and then this topology Each of the orgs that have peers we've installed the chain code and external chain code container shares So let's look at that real quick I can show you the only difference in this graph as you can see in this box. We have the External chain code right here in orange on each of the org two and org three Peers and they in the peers no longer have internal chain code And this one I have up in meld to look at real quick. So we have Just an example of you know how you using meld We're looking at T1 the T3's when I know okay. What is external chain code acquire? Well, we can see that there's a build pack Let's see there's some modification to the chain code There's some configurations that you have to add for each organization that has the external service There is a core YAML file that needs to be updated to point so this if I go into this file You basically have to point to this build pack and say that you're using the external build pack and then we have the external chain code Docker container definitions here We've modified the peer configuration a little bit And some of the scripts have changed so there's some there's a lot of probably I would say Slight differences in how the chain code gets installed there Let me make sure I got everything here. Yeah, I think that's That's I want to say for T3 Okay, so let me hand it over to Alex for T4 Start sharing again. All right. So T4 This one deals with the configuration on our lab store So if you happen to have work with fabric CA You know that there is Taylor mentioned there are two type of Sets of crypto materials that are being created right some for SSL communication with others for identities for Each of the nodes in the network now those identities in the network When you register them in fabric CA you provide a user ID and a password and we'll see later that ends up being stored in a In a database that fabric CA works with and that's okay for You know good number of environments, but in some places like larger enterprises security departments infosex they kind of want to use the Kind of single store The enterprise store for You know users principles, you know service accounts and things on nature and that typically tends to be an LDAP compliance store probably the most popular of those is Microsoft Active Directory Now there is some support with fabric CA whereby instead of having to register with these users these identities with fabric CA You can actually kind of hydrated or see them if you will From an LDAP store so you can actually configure them the fabric CA to work and connect to an LDAP store. So what we wanted to do here is Basically see how that works With an LDAP compliance store to make it easy here for deployments. We've chose to use open LDAP Which is you know LDAP compliance store. We're going to look at With a tool a browsing tool to an LDAP browser to kind of see what what data gets stored In open LDAP so I'm going to go over some of the new configurations Just so you can kind of have a sense of this. So if you start up that topology D4 You will Get as part of the setup A Container for open LDAP and that container will be configured to load at startup time Organizational units from this LDIF file And then also counts that sit under those organizational organizational units, right? So this is the base domain the domain controller and We will take a look at you know in a second how how that you know how looking at the Inside open LDAP When the fabric CA Is configured There is an LDAP configuration if you look at the Fabric Server configurations There is a section for turning on LDAP. So if you turn on LDAP then you can have it connect to a To a Open LDAP repository Or LDAP compliant path through some again in this case we basically have a container right exposing on that port. That's the base domain And then what you see this long string is basically a user right to connect It's like a bind user. If you were to open LDAP repository To connect It's like a bind user if you will Is the user and the password to connect with To that to that store. So if we look with Jake's floor This is basically for our one We have Kind of to use right organizational units one for identities the other one for TLS Identities probably is the more important one and then here you would see the Users that we've kind of loaded from the LDIF file right so we don't have a Microsoft Azure Or an Azure directory right here. So we're just kind of mimicking something you know to just kind of prove out the concept Obviously, no once you have it work with something like this is not that difficult to to to actually make a change and Connect to an active directory and in this case, right? You would probably have to adjust the user filter like if it's open LDAP UID is typically the unique identifier for you filter If you were to go there's like an SM account name for example my Microsoft Active directory so there might be some some queries right that have to be adjusted here some configurations and if you work with your Active directory Administrations that be able to help you with that but the point is here, you know We can see that fabric CA can indeed, you know Connect to this repository is an instead of again having to register accounts The users and the passwords actually come from active directory Right, so that actually can save quite a bit of configurations and then it can make the deployments, you know, kind of more enterprise ready So that's on the LDAP LDAP configurations if we go next to T5 staying with fabric CA's Sorry, I forgot to show here, but basically this is the open LDAP right that kind of supports both of these organizations If we were to go now and look at fabric CA clustering so Fabric CA I mentioned it has a database a relational database to store State user certificates and things that nature that database is SQLite. It can actually be configured though With with postgres and I think my sequel as well. Now what would why would we want to do that is it just in case if we want to provide failover for the fabric CA component Right, we can actually have now to to nodes for fabric CA Working with the same set of users and credentials and using postgres behind the scenes to store their data. That's not possible with SQLite right with postgres you can also you know use a cloud service or you know you're not limited to SQLite you can almost view it like an embedded database right not very enterprise scale So what we have here we have a postgres server with two databases in it one that supports TLS the other one that supports identities. So I have I showed earlier right now like how we expose the port for that T5 I think Right so we're exposing this five four three four in postgres and then if we go with a query tool. We basically can see here that we have two databases of fabric CA TLS and identities. We kind of like to get a sense of what's inside you know this so you can actually go and see that there is users right there's a user table and There's a user table and their users set up inside it and then there's also certificates. So this is this is where the certificates actually gets stored. So when it actually When you do an enroll command right and you have a certificate issued for an identity. Or certificate for An enrolled yes or you have certificates issued for SSL they get kind of send back as a result but they actually get stored in the database as well because then they can kind of Be Organized under a particular CA. So that's that's kind of the data store that goes behind This fabric fabric CA servers And I think that's kind of the main main point here on this again show you know running example of how how this can be set up. Moving on to T6 mutual TLS so by default all the topologies have SSL enabled. However, if you work to for example have a network where you have nodes communicating over the public Internet. And there is no point to point like a VPN connection. In that scenario and probably many other scenarios to it's very recommended that you actually have nodes authenticate to each other. Through client authentications right so that's what kind of mutual TLS means you know client authentication SSL or two way SSL however you want to call it. So what we've done with this one we basically enable client authentication across all the different All the different All the different components. So if I was to go here and show inside T6 just some examples. So if you were to look at scripts again you could see this with the diff to T1. So for example when we commit chain code, you see this parameter client auth. Right, so you wouldn't see that in T1 because we don't use client authentication but what it means here is that this administrator account. When it invokes this command it connects right to peers and orders and so forth. It authenticates itself and the way it authenticates itself is with this parameter and then it it has a certificate and a key file and certificate. The certificate gets sent you know during the SSL head shake gets sent to the server and the server then can verify that it's signed the certificates it's signed by a known certificate authority to that server. And so this way you know we can make sure that only only nodes or only only entities that are allowed to connect to those components inside the network you know can actually do work with them. So again very important for secure communications across the internet. In fact even like 2.4 I think some of the commands in 2.4 actually require client auth by default. So it's a good thing to learn about anyway. So the private data collections this basically deals with starting data off of the public channel. So data that is maybe private to a certain org or a set of organizations. So what this does it basically configure some private data collections and there is some data that gets stored in this private data collection so if we were to look again at configurations. When let's say when we approve some chain code one organization approves this chain code. Sorry we have to go to T7 so in T7 if I was to look again the scripts I forgot to mention this all the scripts get called from the main setup right. So that's kind of but we just wanted to have it a little bit more modularized if you will so that's why we have been separately here so in the approve you can see that there is a collections config right that gets passed to the approve. If I'm not mistaken this is the collections config so you can see this is how you define a a PDC private data collection in this case it's a PDC that only this member has access to be then write and then you could see then in the chain code and this is the basic chain code that we have from that is part of the distribution the fabric distribution so here we we basically store the assets if you will on the main channel but we also put data into the private data collection so we put some put for example in this case I guess we're putting also the same thing the asset but we're putting in the private data collection right so there's a put for private data. So that's how we leverage the private data collection. All right so let's go next to T8. So the T8 though it's a cluster couch DB configuration. We think one this is probably one of the most important ones. As you as you know state in hyper ledger fabric is represented by two types of data storage as if you will. So you have things like the blocks themselves right the kind of get stored with the orders and they get can be pulled with the peers and so forth. So that's kind of the chain right of changes that happen over time but then you have the world state. So the world state represents what's the current state of any record that you stored in on on the blockchain network. By default. The database used for storing that story it is called level DB. And I kind of view it again as more like an embedded database works fine you know if you just want to stand up something and run fast. Apparently they're even like maybe a little bit faster from a performance standpoint of you then couch DB. But again we we like to look at what's the data inside you know that we can store maybe balance some numbers maybe you know do a query or two. Not very fancy in terms of analytics or queries but just kind of get a sense of you know what do what do we have as far as data in the blockchain right because otherwise everything can just kind of seem like a black box. And it's, you know, hard to show a user you know what what's inside the blockchain. So for our deployments we use heavily couch to be. And we externalize couch to be it runs its own container.  If you if you if you if you use couch DB as an external database. So in this case for pure one we're using couch DB instances and we actually have two of them, we have a clustering setup for them so that's actually quite useful if you want to see how. I mean there's manuals of course in couch DB on how to set up couch TV but this is a working example of a cluster and then it's accessed by pure one this couch to be proxy right. So, what's nice about it and yes when you have it set up, you can actually go. So we have this T eight, let's see, I started up T eight earlier, and now here. Let me just show really quick. Right, so this is the T eight apology. I mentioned here that you know at the end we do. This was a ghetto assets, right, that's what we were seeing at the end that we got all the assets. Okay, here they are. And now if I want to see them in the database. Couch DB, we have two nodes. We remember the ports again. Actually know this one. Actually we left by default the couch DB is the only one that even if you're looking the repository. It's actually the only one that has external ports already mapped. So this one's here right so five nine eight seven five nine eight eight five nine eight seven. So if you log into it the user ID and password are in in the configurations. Again it's a little bit interesting at least to figure out how this gets stored so this typically the way things get stored there is a channel name and then there is the chain code name. So then you can navigate inside and you can actually see the, the all those documents that we've put. You can add the indexes through this you can management right you can have views. So there's a few things that I mean it's not, you know, nor a close to like a relational database but you know, there are some things that can be done in terms of performance tuning and. And configurations for for couch DB. And of course this is the just the same view but from the second node. And then if you were to go to like config you can see here right it says that seems that you're running a cluster with two nodes. So for this kind of settings you know they don't let you to do configurations through the UI and then you kind of have to do them through the configuration files. So again we think probably this is one of the most important ones in our view, as far as you know. From all of this. I guess I will look at the mutual TLS and this ones are probably the, the ones that are most important. We think for enterprise deployments. And then going to the next one and the last. This is the channel participation API, again a newer version. I think it's to to that for that it got fully implemented. In this configuration. What's nice about it there is no more need for a system channel. So prior versions right you had to have a system channel set up first all orders have to join to. Additional configuration important back to perform and so a bunch of things that you know are not very useful maybe so it's very nice that the team at at fabric came up with this approach of channel participation API, which means that just the way appear joins a channel order to do the same right. So you can have an order joining two different channels right and he's just becomes a lot more scalable and in many ways you know easier to configure. So the way you would see that what we have here is go back. So we have in org one we have three orders. So if we go to the org one. Scripts for joining channels, because you might wonder right or or one has no peers what are we joining well, it's orders now they're being joined. So this is a newer command right. I said admin or order service know that mean. And as you can see here we're joining. We're joining the same channel that appears with joint. Again, I'm working example of our child participation or can be set up. With this said, I think we have 10 more minutes maybe we have questions Q&A. I'll turn it over back to Taylor and John. Maybe we have more questions. So let them share and then we can also answer answer. If any questions come from the audience. Yeah, no that's great Alex. I think at this time, it would probably best to run the polls first and then let's take Q&A after that. So David, I don't know if you have those available ready to go. But if you do, let's go ahead and do that. Otherwise, over to the Q&A. Okay, I just launched the poll will give people a minute or two. If you want I can share. I can continue to share and then for anyone that might not have access to the Q&A. I'm going to go ahead and give you a minute or two. Okay, I just launched the poll will give people a minute or two. If you want I can share. I can continue to share and then for anyone that might not have access to the poll or has difficulty with it. Yes, we'll just pop up here the questions as well and people can answer the chat if they wish to do so. Yes, the poll showing up for people. It's showing up on my screen David and I can see great I don't see any votes coming through yet. Looks like we haven't had any but we have one person that's voted now in the poll to have gone through and voted. Yeah, people would rather leave comments and zoom chat or just share their comments on voice that's fine certainly. Yeah, now we're getting some good responses. We've got seven people have already voted in the poll. Oh, I'll flip in a second to the next question on the slide. Yeah, no that's perfect. Okay, we've had nine people that so far have participated in the poll and say let's just give it another, you know, a few minutes here for people who seems like people are still voting. Sure, yeah and if we want to do some Q&A why people are voting feel free I see some questions in zoom chat. So I can actually tell her let's look at those and try to answer them. And if you just want to kind of read them out and then respond to them. That'd be the best way to do the chat Q&A. Yeah Alex so the first one I saw that is from remesh it says how about the TLS search external CA is allowed or only self signed CA is generated. So the pathology is everything it's, I wouldn't say necessarily self signed because the certificates are signed by the CA certificate that comes with Fabric CA. But the fabric says self signs its own certificate. And then he uses that CA certificate to sign the certificates for the identities for example right now to plug in a external one I mean that is possible as well. So in that case you would have to deploy inside of the crypto material folder would have to deploy your own, your own certificates. And then we have another one from Drago says if the fabric CA is used, would it still be necessary to have a middleware to authenticate a middleware to authenticate. Well what happens. Drago, I mean, when you mean authenticate like nodes authenticated to each other or like an admin account authentic to authenticating to a node, because I guess I could explain I mean there is no user. Off to each other. Okay, so in that case basically the there is no like user ID password authentication happening at that point everything gets done for certificates. So that's where you would use that client authentication. So you enroll you get the certificates, and then using those certificates then the nodes authenticate with each other. By the way, I should mention that when open LDAP is used for an LDAP compliance stories used to hold identities. That keeps the need for having to register identities but you still need to do enrollments in order to issue certificates, you know to to to use for communication you know then to have your MSP folders popular with them. And this is just one approach, I know the fabric team actually is using is looking at kind of other, maybe Kubernetes based mechanism to generate certificates so fabric is CA is not the only one way you can generate certificates right so I want to make that clear, but it's just the way that you know comes by default and it's it's a it's a pretty decent way to get started with. Okay, there's a few questions on this one it's about supporting multiple host deployments multiple host deployments for which components we know it looks like sort of a full decent realization, maybe there's different machines running with different Yeah, I mean that's. So, yeah, I mean that's what we do you know in our case right I mean we have. You know we're actually trying to set up across you know multiple cloud providers you know. Network I mean components talking to each other. And the purpose of the topologies is to, to allow you to kind of allow users to understand, you know how this notes communicate with each other and where configurations have to be made. But yeah it's certainly possible when you when you do your initial, for example when you create the initial channel right and then you have to specify orders. Those orders can have their own domains, you know those those nodes can be in different, different networks right and they can talk to each other over the internet. And we have a question from satish. I'm not sure I quite understand it so are there any specific advantages of having orders and peers deploy in a dockerless fashion. Without Docker on. I mean, even like with Kubernetes right still you could say you still kind of need some Docker right configurations. It's not. That kind of means you know you can handle it with Ansible chef right you can do the setup you can run them on bare metal it's there's no need you know it's not a requirement to have Docker. What's your advantage I mean, I guess it depends at the end of the day what tools you're familiar with in terms of automation because that's the biggest thing here right mean to to really get this networks to work, you know, to have large scale deployments you really need to have automation infrastructures code I think I actually had. There are actually a couple of projects like you know you haven't looked at the hyper ledger fabric operator. That's a big one you know that's kind of coming up to you know, it's focused on getting getting a fabric networks deployed with with fabric operator basically Kubernetes environments. If you're familiar with chef and Ansible and you want to do it in, you know, bare metal and there's no problem with doing that. I think maybe two more questions we have we have one question about is there a structured query language encryption solution and then are there any production networks currently running with these topologies. So, I don't know about like a SQL for encryption that I'm aware of so I thought it was more meant you know how equity, you know couch DB so couch DB has its own DSL for data query but as far as encryption I'm not sure, you know what what solutions would there be their SQL base for that. And in terms of the topologies. I mean you can see what we have here I mean if. Okay let's put it this way we're not aware someone using you know this in production and it's not really meant to be used directly in production. It's meant again to, to help people understand how these configurations work through working examples right. And then from there take those learnings and deploy as they see fit into their production settings. But again it's important in our view to to look at some of these features the fabric comes with. Again we talked mutual TLS, you know store data storage and things that nature. We think it's, you know, those have to be understood well in order to leverage fabric it's at its full capacity. Any other questions or. Okay, well. Thank you so much I mean I think we on this last slide. Maybe let's take a look at the poll. Alex now that. Yeah, we have the results on your side would you like to share it and Taylor do you have those results or I can share those out with the group here. I'm sure my screen is that okay to share the screen or so looks like for number one we have the adding an organ tremendously steps, a few other ones here. You know what happens, Taylor. I think the this is a zoom and zoom itself. Yeah, it is a new one. Yeah. What do you do zoom yeah when you I'm telling it to share the results I think it's saying that it's sharing them on my end. What you could do Taylor you could take a screenshot. Yeah, unfortunately as zoom doesn't share its own interface. When screen sharing. Are people not seeing the poll results though I told it to share the results. I saw the results. Okay Brett, can you see it. Yeah, definitely. Okay good. So Taylor if you want to kind of read off the overview or if you need me to I can do it as well. I got it now I can share my screen I took some screenshots here. So that should do it. Perfect and I think we're going to need to drop in a minute I think another room another call has another call has this room at the hour. Okay, yeah, we should go ahead just if you got two minutes to take Taylor to just kind of run through those great otherwise we're going to have to drop as David says, or we can add them to also as a slide. Can you see this Alex and everyone else. Yeah, we can see it. Yeah, but you might want to just kind of read through it. Yeah, we can share the results over email Taylor if you want to send that to me, you know I can share it out with everybody in the call if we want to add it to the presentation I'll send the new presentation out to everybody. We can let the room go thank you so much for that participate. Yeah, thank you Alex thank you Taylor. Thank you. Everyone have a wonderful day and thanks for joining great informative session. Thank you so much. Bye bye.


So, in the next talk, it's called Craft Lightweight Tweakwell Block Cipher with Efficient Protection against Folder Text. It's a paper by Christof Bayerle, Gregor Leander, Amir Mohadi and Sharam Rasouzadeh, and Sharam will give the talk. Thank you. In this talk, I'm going to present Craft, which is a new Black Lightweight Tweakwell Block Cipher, and it is designed to be efficient in protection against differential fault analysis attacks. In the last two decades, it is known that secrets stored or processed by implementation of an algorithm can be recovered using physical attacks. One of the important and most known such attacks is differential fault analysis, or briefly saying DFA attacks, that attacker tries to disturb the device during its operation. He computes output for the same input twice, one with and one without fault injection, and by comparing the output, he finds some information about the secrets value. The most simplest countermeasure to protect implementation is the application where in the implementation, the function is implemented twice, and by comparing the outputs, if they are equal, implementation gives the output, otherwise, it gives some random or null value. More complicated, countermeasures are concurrent error detections, which by adding some redundancy to the original implementation, it checks if the fault is injected or not. In a recent paper named Impeccable Circuits, we introduced a technique that guarantees detection of fault injections up to a certain number in any place of the implementation, and there we consider two adversary models that the attacker is able to make at most some number of injections in any place of the implementation, either in one clock cycle or every clock cycle, depending on the adversary model. To make it clear, in these models, SFA safe error or SACAT models are not covered, so SFA kind of attacks or SFA kind of attacks are not covered by this countermeasure, and they need some extra countermeasure to be protected. One important result from that paper was independence property that says to prevent fault propagation, the coordinate function of each operation has to be implemented independently. For example, considering the Skinny's mixed column, the implementation is shown in the picture that it needs three XOR gates, but if attacker injects fault in the second XOR gate that is shown by red, it will affect two output bits. In other meaning, by injecting one bit fault, attacker gains one more bit in the output. Using independence property to prevent fault propagation, we should implement in the bottom picture that it will need four XOR gates in a seat of three. On that paper, considering different size for redundancy, we examined our constructions for these six well-known lightweight black ciphers and found out that they are not efficiently designed for protection against differential fault analysis attacks. This was our motivation for designing craft that our first goal was to design a tweakable black cipher that in algorithmic level, it is efficient in protection against DFA attacks. We also wanted craft to be tweakable and also provides the decryption in the same structure for encryption with a small area overhead. Also, to have an easy security analysis, we decided to use already known design methods. To this reason, we chose a skinny-like structure with 128-bit key and 64-bit black and tweak size. What we designed is iteration of 31 rounds and it offends one linear round to the end. The round function can be shown as the picture in the bottom. It starts with linear operations and ends with nonlinear one. Also, the last round, which is linear one, doesn't add any security to the design, but as you see, it will help us in the decryption structure. In more detail, there are five operations in each round that all of them are involutions. It starts with mixed column that a binary matrix M is multiplied to each column and then round constants are absorbed to only fifth and fourth nibble of the state. Then round tweak is absorbed to all of the state and the last linear operation is nibble permutation. That permutation P changes the position of nibble in the state and ends with nonlinear operation, which is an expect layer that's applied to each nibble. The difference of the last round is that it doesn't include two last operations. It rates the round function 32 times, but in the last round it gives the output before permutation of nibble. About tweak schedule, we separate the key to its two halves and simply explore it with tweak key and this will give us the first two tweak keys. But for security reasons, we need to use tweak in another way, explore it with another way to keys and to provide other two tweak keys, we use a key permutation to change the nibbles of tweak and again, explore it with round keys and we will have these four tweak keys. And then depending on the reminder of round index to the fourth, one of these two keys are absorbed to the state. About design rationale, briefly saying from all the options that we had, we chose the ones that are efficient in the construction for concurrent error detections. Also, we wanted them to be involutions to provide decryption structure in the same structure for encryption with small modifications. So far, decryption with modifying tweak key and reversing order of round constants, decryption of craft is the same as its encryption. And that is because of these two equations that the first one says changing place of S-box operation and permutation of nibbles doesn't change the structure and also we can change the order of mix column at round constants and at tweak key with only modifying the tweak value. Then decryption equation can be which is the reverse of encryption and as all the operations are involutions, we can just reverse the, to reverse the encryption equation, we need to reverse the order of operations, which is shown in the second equation. And using two previously shown equations, we can change the position of S-box with permutation of nibbles, which is shown in that color, and also change the position of at tweak key with mix column by modifying the tweak value, tweak key value. Then we will reach to the third equation and considering with a question for encryption, it is same up to reversing order of round constants and modifying tweak key value. For the other round functions, we search exhaustively through all options that we had and we chose the ones that provides us the most security. Here I only talk about the way that we chose S-box and for the rest you can see the paper. Yeah. Each S-box in CED construction need to be implemented with a redundant S-box. For example, in case of forbidden redundancy, S-box S need to be implemented together with S4, which is defined with this equation and F4 is multiplication with the shown matrix. And this matrix is part of generator matrix for extended Hamming code which is able to detect up to three bit fault injections. But there is a problem if we search through all S-boxes. That is, there are about 46 million involuntary S-boxes. Implementing and synthesizing them are not possible. What we did is taking benefit of independence property which says each coordinate function of S-box must be implemented separately. That means implementation cost for S-box and redundant S-box is sum of area size for each coordinate function. And in all of the cases that we considered for redundancy size, only 13 Boolean functions were important for each S-box. So if we have implementation for all of the balanced Boolean functions, we can say evaluate the cost for implementation of S-box in our constructions. And there are around 13,000 for the balanced Boolean functions and this number up to bit fermentation equivalence is only 730 balanced Boolean functions. And what we did is to implement and synthesize these 730 balanced Boolean functions which took around half a day and extended to all of the 13,000 balanced Boolean functions. Then for each S-box we just need to do certain lookup tables and say what is the cost implementation for this S-box. Searching through all of the S-boxes, we decided to use the chosen one which is also the S-box for Midori. And it is not only the smallest one, also it provides the minimum possible uniformity and linearity. About tweaky schedule, for key schedule there were two options for us. The first one was round key updating and the next was round key alternating. That the first one needs at least 128 registers in round base implementation. But the other one needs only 64 multiplexers. To be lightweight in implementation we decided to use the second one. And about the tweaky schedule, we decided to simply explore it with the key. But if we use only two first tweakys that would cause time data memory tradeup attacks in the related key model. And to prevent it we need to use queue permutation to change the tweak in the rounds that has the same round keys. To provide maximum possible security against time data memory tradeup attacks, this queue must be a circular one. And there are around two to the 40 such permutations. But checking for all of these two to the 40, the security provided by these two to the 40 permutations are not possible. And what we did is to choose around 1000s of them and evaluate the security provided by them. And the current one that we already chose is the one has most active spaxes in related tweak model. Related tweak differential attack. When designing finished we checked the security provided by our design. We evaluate security of craft against the attacks that was the most vulnerable ones to the similar design block ciphers. We listed the attacks that we already analysed against craft. And I ask you to see the paper if you are interested. And the security that we are claiming is that craft provides 124 bit security in related tweak model. And to emphasize it we don't claim anything about chosen key, known key or related key models. The most promising attack is an accelerated excessive search that is because of related key property of tweaky schedule. And it says that if difference delta is such that all the values enables are the same, then queue permutation of delta will not change its value. Then using either k0, k1 tweak or k0 plus delta, k1 plus delta, both will give same tweakies. And attacker using this property by asking to encryption of the same plain text under 16 different tweaks, he can find the master key with two to the 124 computations. After analysing it, we compared our design with six block ciphers that already examined in Peckville circuit's paper. And also we had some extra block ciphers that the viewers asked. We again implemented and I didn't bring them all here. I just bring iskini, which we found it more reasonable. And by iskini I mean iskini with 64 block size but 128 key and also 122 which supports tweak. In all case, for each set of five bars, the smallest one is the unprotected version and then the red one is with one bit and increasingly up to four bit redundancy. As you see, in all cases, craft is smaller than iskini and also when it supports tweak, it is again smaller than iskini 192. To conclude this talk, we designed craft which is a lightweight block cipher that is efficiently designed for protection against differential fault analysis attacks. And as far as we know, it is the smallest block cipher with 128 bit key in the round based implementation. And just with some overhead, it supports 64 bit tweak and also supports decryption in the same structure for encryption. And it has 124 bit security and related key model. That was the end of my talk and I would be happy to answer your questions. Any questions? There is a question. I have a general question. Which application, what is the motivation of designing tweakable lightweight block cipher? So for tweakable block cipher, for example, it can be used in encrypting memories because we can consider the address of the memory as tweak. But in lightweight setting in construct devices, do you have any application for using tweakable block cipher? For this, I'm not that much expert to say what is the reason to have tweakable block cipher but let's say we don't need to change the key most often. And not only in the, also lightweight block ciphers need to be tweakable because like in RFID implementations, you don't need to have, you don't need to change the key most often that it was not, if it was not tweakable. I'm not sure if I could answer. Any other question? Okay. You said your cipher is easy to break against fault attacks. So the obvious question would be do you did some practical evaluation in the end as well? Or how do you verify that indeed you get this security against forfeit faults or whatever? Having the chip and implement some, inject some faults into it. No, we didn't try it but it is in plan because implementing the chip is time consuming. We have this in plan but what we did is we write some simulations and we checked it and it was able to detect the claimed, the guaranteed number of bits in the implementation. Okay. And the fault model was that you can skip some instructions like the X or as you showed in the example or can you do more than that? Sorry again. So in the fault model you assume that you can skip some instructions or fault a particular gate or can they, they can do more than that? Like cutting wires or stuff like that. Attacker is able to implement fault in every place of implementation by, by use of differential fault analysis. Not like cipher kind of attacks. Okay. Thank you. Maybe I can answer later. So you still have a question? So can you comment how you generate around the constants? Yeah. It was 40 pages. The paper was 40 pages. We used two LFSRs, one 4-bit and one 3-bit. Yeah. Yeah. And we add them to only 4th and 5th nibbles. We checked security against nonlinear invariant. Other questions? Okay. If there are no questions let's thank the Shaham and the other speakers again. And I think that concludes today. Okay. Then I hope to see all of you tomorrow morning.


YouTube what's up guys the combine drop promo content all the great stuff Honestly the combine promo is one that got me in the and mutt. I swear like mutt 13 Maybe mutt 12. It was like Bruce Irving cards I always felt like they were the fastest cards out the card the combine cards with the 40 times and things like that That's why Chris Johnson is always a staple of the combine program now I'll tell you of all the years I've played Madden and we're going on like 20 years boys This is the least speed has mattered. I'm not saying it doesn't matter But it is the least that it has mattered So like when we get hype like you get a 99 speed running back. That's cool You know, I feel like everybody gets caught every receiver. It's better to have the abilities than speed Really, everybody has deep knockouts. So like you're not like going up top that often in this game So speed doesn't matter as much as it has in the past but at the end of the day speed is speed is speed Speed matters, so let's take a look at now I know everybody's in love with this Leon sandcastle card me myself I always thought it was kind of corny as like, you know, like never thought that bit was funny I'm cool. So that car is not that great Dion Sanders really wasn't good this year And I think it's kind of a carbon copy of that. Let me know if you guys have sandcastle card I did not pick that card up.  I don't think he's gonna be better than Tillman And Patrick Surtain is still playing for me. I'll show you the team right now But these are the two cards we picked up right now boys Chris Johnson and Hooli Manduli Chris Johnson cuz he's 99 speed and he's Chris Johnson. You guys want to see I threw evasive on him backfield Master and energize to hopefully get some highlights Hooli Manduli just cuz Julio Jones is a top five receiver in Madden history for his run with the Falcons man 17 16 18 Matt 19 autumn years with Julio on regs. He's been he was one of the best receivers ever in Madden So gotta grab a man Hoolio's probably I mean between him and Antonio Brown that generation They were the top receivers in the teens the 2000 and teens got to be Julio or Antonio Brown Which everyone you pick so big fan of Hooli Manduli, especially in Madden throw him on the team I'll show you guys what I'm rocking. I came up with a new philosophy on defense. This is my new philosophy I might rock it the rest of the year still gonna run man coverage We're still gonna rock man, but we're rocking Pat Mahomes. You guys know with the playmaker I broke this down a lot if it was comp I'd probably still have fearless But well under pressure is not as often that more and playmakers just way way old pay if you guys see me play and see me Use it. We're gonna have Julio Jones out here with route tech and short out elite It's crazy like route tech works great, but short out elite is kind of the beat press Ability like that's how you're gonna be pressed deep for the most part boys Herald Carmichael same thing route tech and deep or short out and then we have a degree in short out and short in All pretty much the same thing and we got pits right here with the short end Furfury Kyle pits is gonna be the best tight end for the rest of the year for the most part I don't know who could who could pass him up. I don't know But you know, we were rocking secure protector and threat detector on Willie Anderson just as protect on Zimmerman You guys know the vibes I still think buyers is the best one back in the game for the most part defense here We go before I start just take everybody take a deep breath. This is what we got. This is what we got All right, I always call it my shell my two outside corners of my two safeties and spinner and Overstorm brave whatever man covers defense. I want to run It's my shell every single one of them has deep man knockout Then the outside guys have deep zone knockout and then all four of these guys have short route knockout Why have I gone away from medium route knockout? I think it's the easiest knockout to avoid and I also think it covers the least amount of space I feel like short is like zero yards to like 12 11 12 Then I feel like medium is like 10 to like 20 obviously deep is everything else I feel like if you have short and deep, they'll give you some medium knockout area things Maybe you know so and you'll also be able to knock the ball out on short slants short outrout short drags Things people though, especially when you're blitzing. So if you combo a heavy blitz six seven people blitzing with short knockout They try to snap those slant boom the balls on the ground. So this is what I'm gonna be rocking I actually did grab I'll show you again the JJ Watt Career Masters or career tribute first of all, how is JJ Watt not a 99 overall career career tribute? Like what are we doing here? What's crazy about JJ Watt is I actually went ahead and I Paid for pick artists on my detackle. He's gonna play detackle for me We're gonna use free double or nothing and we're gonna pay for pick artists one AP Which is kind of nasty, but when you actually hit the quarterback and that ball pops up I want every single player that can catch it 100% chance of Catching the interception and I want you guys 100% chance of hitting that like button Subscribe button and comment below who are you guys rocking at corner? Do you have that Leon sandcastle card? Go ahead and check out this video boys Like I said like comment subscribe the road the 50k starts now fruit of the loom That's the shirt I have right now actually fire. I would say probably my favorite shirt Oh chef, that's tough. That's tough Chef Gallardo you would probably love every plate bunch offset run JJ just clogs the middle right there. I'm telling you JJ's the goat. He all of us the tight here Oh, no, I ain't catching that one like woolen like woolen like what are we doing? Did I shade you up so men? Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Thank you, dude Come on sleigh P2. I don't know who that is gotta be so happy when they kick field goals It's like thank God, dude. Thank God they kicked the field ball Rob Does he have under pressure blitzer this is my maids with this mom's He's got under for this dude guy. He like he like made it to who plays with all these under pressures anymore Like who does that? Man, it's why they watch here Like I'm gonna I'm gonna give up some plays because I have playmaker. I'm gonna get under pressures, but Playmakers is too good CJ 2k. Is this is this real thing from the chat? We don't like the Rolling Stones It's tough. Come on boys. Like let's go buyers. I have my headphones on I should put them on I'll be like in a vibe sometimes I'll play Hogwarts.  Just everybody was everybody was right in the middle of the field, dude Why you come back to the ball though, man? We gotta catch that dude like we just gotta catch this gotta be caught right there I just can't call that play anymore. I had a touchdown on the right, too Like you just got a call time out. Like what are you doing kid? Oh, let me jump and pick that.  Nice drive, dude. Nice try, baby. Nice try chat Gotta start playing better defense though, man. For real. Keep going the same thing man. GG should be going on conservative He got this damn avalanche lurking. I'm cool.  Am I tripping Julio don't look that tough to be honest His juke is trash He just Julio Sandcastle there is sandcastle. What a bum Debo I like playing man. I don't think I wanted to call it effective, but you know, oh I got jukes on stick with the program boys. You get dubs. That's how it works All right, jackal for sure buddy man.


T. Hello, what's poppin? We are on kick KIC cake calm We are not live though, but you can leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification Best let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK Right above me man. This is the channel if we do go live and you happen to miss it Anything that doesn't make it to the to the main channels. It'll be on here or Any highlights they'll be on this channel about us Don't forget we do got the patreon. We post five days a week Monday through Friday. Remember top boy is about to start Come on now get in while you can at least get in for top boy. You know I'm saying Don't forget we do got merch big merch on deck Salute salute salute for everybody who bought some anyway the links to this is all below I mean not all below but all in the description below You click link tree you'll see something down there that says link tree click it and boom you in there All of this will pop up This is is is I is it is LinkedIn or island? I don't know Y'all see it. It's that word murder and nottingham carnival stabbing Okay, so I guess this is an update on what was going on at the carnival the stabbing some things of that nature But you know scar city keep us up to date This is the scar city studios YouTube channel, please don't forget to like comment share and subscribe Thanks a mother and a child walk past the latest murder scene in Islington after a spate of violent attacks across the city Over the weekend a murder investigation was launched in Islington after a male was found fatally stabbed on the street And police were called to reports of the incident. I just want to let y'all know in Chicago It's 47 people shot over the weekend over the three-day week. It's not even over yet. It's Monday. So That number still going up and acts means the road at 1139 on the 30th of August The police and ambulance service attended and a male was found at the scene with serious injuries and despite the best efforts of The paramedics. He was sadly pronounced dead at the scene. He's been named a Jaya Ahmed who is 23 years old and from the Local area his family have been contacted and informed but his formal identification is yet to take place The murder investigation is developing quickly, but no arrests have been made yet Detective Chief Inspector Neil John said at this early stage was still establishing a timeline of events that led up to the murder A post mortem examination is due to take place in the next several days and Superintendent Jack Robinson from the Metropolitan North Command Unit said I am saddened to hear of another life last on the street of our capital. Yeah, I think this is a random Random attack or is this like calculated? What I'm asking is do you think the suspect was involved? I involved in some stuff that would lead him to be Embed local people were noticed a visible increase in police patrols in the coming days And we will continue to support the community throughout this investigation So thank you to Dave Nathan for his coverage from the scene and we definitely keep you updated on that story and any charges that follow In some other news coming from London as well. No, just for me. Like I don't feel like no Yes, okay. Let me let me say this correctly Now there are times where straight straight straight Crocodile teeth go and hit innocent bystanders and things of that nature, but I feel like especially in London If somebody goes through the trouble and gets a fire arm We already know what comes with that like as far as jail time if somebody goes through the trouble of that and There fires it on somebody. It's not by it's not by it. Just it's not like oh, no This was an innocent person. They did not know I don't believe that Maybe it's cuz I'm so jaded because of Chicago But you know Chicago has a lot of innocent people that but like in London as far as London I don't think that's happening to take that risk to when getting caught with a firearm And didn't go hit like a random person for what like this. I Could be wrong. I'm probably wrong but like This week our IP send us in the Notting Hill carnival with thousands attending to celebrate and Also, the police have now released the arrests that have taken okay We released the rest okay There's been a report of eight people that have been stabbed and one of these incidents took place on Warfield Road Just off Harrow Road shortly after 9 p.m. And a male was in a serious condition after suffering multiple stab wounds He's aged 29 years old and a police in the security operation saw thousands of officers from the Metropolitan City Police and British Transport Police Be deployed over the weekend to help keep people safe during the carnival in total There were 308 arrests for a various offense 308 arrests man 308 people that came to the carnival will be just to get negative This is that we're discussing the sec all the women that could be got here y'all was in there getting negative But firstly police at this scene were scouring for evidence and they discovered bullets as well Thank you to Dave Nathan for his coverage and it shows the police actually Picking up bullet casings off the streets. Oh, yeah, because there was shootings there, right? Shows the severity of the situation that occurred the victim did suffer a stab wound But gunshots were reported to have taken place as well The police have said in a statement that there were several other stabbing hours before this incident and one of them was in Landbrook Grove and a 19 year old male was stabbed at 8 p.m. On Monday He's in a serious but stable condition in hospital six of her people aged 18 19 20 25 28 and 40 We're arrested in separate incidents throughout the evening on Sunday There were 110 arrests for possession of offensive weapons assaults on police officers Possession of drugs and also sexual offenses one male sustained a non-life threatening slash wound and declined any Assistance from the emergency services Please working on the perimeter of the carnival we're gathering information quickly and Discovered that a group may have been in possession of a firearm when they Intercepted and searched the group the firearm was seized and a man was arrested in connection with it on Monday There were 198 arrests for a similar range of offenses 50 officers were reported to have been injured at the carnival over And this includes police that were kicked spat bittern had been headbutted and also one section assaults Man, man, they was on timing at the carnival Talked about three magnums and you just don't care no more That's they continue to receive information and are making arrests in the coming days Detective comm- yeah, they're definitely gonna catch everybody. There's one thing I wouldn't do out here, man It's just want to be in any trouble because the CCTV the Just how how intricate it is like they catching everybody Everybody's getting arrested He'd add in a can unless you had a mask on is over who oversaw the police in operation said it's regrettable That for a second year in a row the Monday night at carnival has been marred of serious violence Nobody's how it is here though man at any festival not festival like any like Like the taste of Chicago That thing it used to go on for a week now. It's gone the three days The last day is always the worst day never go on the last day good get in there the first day have a good time and be done You stay there that last day is over Disputes that carnival is part of the cultural calendar in the city And it is but there is a lot of violence that comes associated with it many stabbing Multiple stabbing section assaults and attacks on police officers in total the reports and the police said that 57 officers were assaulted during the weekend. There was two robberies two incidents of criminal damage four drink driving three thefts from person 24 public order offenses 71 offensive weapons. There was 60 arrests for drugs 20 section assaults nine GBA cheese nine common assaults two psychoactive drugs and 43 other offenses so two psychoactive they went off to show them so Thankfully, nobody has lost their life this weekend, but at the same time it does highlight the day He ain't never seen a bullet before ages that are sometimes associated to big events that attract large crowds And I really want to hear what people have to say on that story. Well, here's what I have to say scar Me coming from Chicago sounds like a good time. I'll be there next year It's unfortunate for all the assaults, but I will be in the building next year Without the unequivocally, I'll be at every festival music fest wireless. I'll be also here. That's all I got to say I Don't want to see See look at them saying how intricate this is you're not getting away. Don't get me trouble and drop your ideas over That's over Till I leave a like She pick up there All right till I leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification, but I don't go


the fast-force cycle, first the contents, importance of fast-force, reservoir of fast-force, absorption by plants and animals, return of fast-force to the environment, human impact on fast-force cycle, and the diagrammatic representation of the fast-force cycle. First, what is the importance of fast-force? Fast-force is very important for the animals and the plants. Because it is the essential part of nucleic acids. If we talk about nucleic acids, the fast-faith group of DNA and RNA represents fast-force. Similarly, ATP is also nucleotide, adenosine triphosphate. Since ATP has three energy currents, it has three fast-faiths. You mean, fast-faith is an energy molecule that exists throughout life or is in running. So, phospholipids, membrane lipids, phospholipids, they are also having fast-faith in them. Similarly, the skeleton of vertebrates, our bones, our teeth, they are also having the fast-force in them. So, it means the fast-force is also an important component of the living organisms. So, what is the reservoir of fast-force? If we look at the fast-force, since it is present in minerals, it does not exist in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is not a cycle with the atmosphere. In fact, it is a lithotrophic cycle in the soil. Reservoir of fast-force, that is the sedimentary rocks. These are the rocks where the fast-force is deposited in an ancient type. The sedimentary rocks in the fast-force, like the birds or the animals that used to live in an habitat, they used to eat something. Their fecal material was deposited in the fast-force because of the fecal material. So, how it is extracted? Now, how is the extraction of fast-force? It is simply a natural process. As the rocks are being separated, the fast-force is coming back to the soil in the environment. During erosion, the sedimentary rocks will be eroded. The fast-force is coming to the environment. Human activity. Human is a limiting element of fast-force in the soil. So, when the human extracts the reservoir of fast-force, it is included in the soil. So, fast-force, when it is in the soil, when it comes to the soil coming out of the reservoir, as fast-force, it is absorbed by the plants. Plants absorb the fast-force. They absorb the fast-force and make it a part of their body. Then, when these plants and fungi use animals, then the fast-force will ultimately become a part of the animals. So, from the soil, the fast-force is a part of the plant's body, and from the plant, it is a part of the animals. Some fast-force is directly absorbed by the animals when fast-force is present in the water. In some little amounts, if fast-force is present in the water, then the fast-force will be absorbed by the animals when it is in the water. So, when the animals or plants come into the body, the fast-force will synthesize different biomolecules, such as nucleic acid, DNA, RNA, DNT-P's. It will be a part of the skeleton, in which the bones will be formed, The next step is to go back to the environment. So, simply, when animals and plants die, then their bodies will decay. When their dead bodies decay, then the decay means that they will fall apart, they will fall apart, then the fast-force will go back to the soil again. After going into the soil, it can be again used by the plants. So, if these plants are utilized in the water, then what can the animals do again? They can utilize it. So, from this way, from the soil, the fast-force will plant in the animals. When the animals die, then what will it do again? It will go back to the soil. So, in the cycle of the fast-force, a small cycle will go on like this. So, some part of the fast-force, some part of the fast-force will be the part of the sedimentary rocks that flow with the water. Now, the part of the sedimentary rock that will become the part of the fast-force, it will go out of the fast-force cycle. We are going to say that it is locked. And after a long time, when the sedimentary rocks of the fast-force are explored again, that fast-force will again become part of the fast-force cycle. What is the impact of humans? The impact of humans on the fast-force cycle is that humans have explored the fast-force reservoirs. The amount of DAP that we use in our food, the DAP that we call Guara, is basically the fast-force containing fertilizers. Now, human fast-force containing fertilizers is used in agriculture. So, what does the fast-force cycle do? It is accelerating. But the impact with this is that when the fast-force will go into the water bodies, in the water bodies, the algae will grow more. The water bodies will start the process of eutrophication. The algal bloom will come. So, this is the negative thing for the fast-force cycle. It will have a negative impact on the natural environment. In this diagram, we will start the fast-force present in the sedimentary rocks. In the sedimentary rocks, where the fast-force reservoir is. Now, if the sedimentary rocks will be withering, will burst, will be erosion, then ultimately, the fast-force from the sedimentary rocks will come out into the soil. Now, the fast-force that will come into the soil is basically in the soil. This fast-force is utilized by the plants. It is also used by the fungi. Then, the plant's materials are utilized by the animals. So, the fast-force will go from plants to animals. Some fast-force will directly come into the water when they drink it. So, during the drinking process, they will obtain and they will uptake the fast-force. So, they will uptake the fast-force. Then, ultimately, when the animals die, the fast-force will come back to the soil. The plant's death will come back. This fast-force again. Some fast-force will go from the sedimentary rocks and the fast-force will come out of the cycle.


just to start off I mean pretty back and forth game the first half then you guys have that offensive explosion in the third quarters what kind of change for you guys there well I thought we were pretty lucky actually to you know even be winning at halftime just the amount of shots that they had from rebounding I thought they got some good looks they shot more threes and they usually take but I think overall we really made an adjustment of not giving up offensive rebounds so that was the big key I think we had 12 that we gave up in the first half so that was huge then we took care of the basketball so I think four turnovers in the second half allowed us to to really get downhill make threes and rim look pretty pretty big tonight you say first half offensive rebound and it seemed like you know in transition also they were hurting you guys but you talked about them playing faster under quintal seemed like that was I mean how much of that was preventable versus just kind of them them doing what they do essentially yeah I think it's a little bit of both they were trying to play fast but when we you know kept them to one shot that allows us to you know go right back Adam and that's one of our strengths is to be able to play fast as well we went small which I think really changed the game a little bit created some space for us you saw there was multiple times where we were able to get downhill and get into the paint because we were small what you did in the third I mean did you kind of find a little bit of that formula in the second quarter I mean you're down to eight I think you going like a 14 to four run or some such like that for sure you day Ron played his first and then we put dough in that the second stint that was going to be day Ron's that really opened the the court up for us loud Mikael spent CJ really to turn the corner you know get on top of the rim so huge for our guys to be able to play like we talked about to be able to be versatile play big play small and then you know got a guy like a guy like Roy so you can handle played when we were small played when we were big so perfect fit tonight coach when you look at Mikael Burgess and just the 42 points at this point do you get to a point where you're shocked or just talk about like just the how impressive he gets game by game what stands out just to you you know I see him you know at shoot around I see him on days off I see how he takes care of his body I see him do film work so you expected in the sense he's done the work and so you can live with the results and I think he's just gaining more confidence with our group I think our group is starting to understand when he's gonna look for a shot where those shots are coming from we put in some sets to kind of help that a little bit our spacing has been good and but you give a credit to the to the athlete he's delivering for you guys to hold tray to 3 at 12 shooting on the night just what was the game playing going I know you wanted to take free throws away but 3 at 12 I mean that's that's a pretty good job on them what was the game playing on them yeah I think overall you saw we had different bodies on the Spencer started on which was different from the last time I thought our coverage was pretty solid they're really good at getting in and out of screens sometimes not setting those screens I thought our communication on the defensive end was pretty good and then we didn't foul him as much you know to get him going sometimes you know you get a player like that he makes free throws and then next you know you feel good about himself I thought all the shots were contested tonight with the hand with the heavy hand in front of it and then just the rebound margin 46 them and 41 for you which is pretty close given what you were saying pregame just what do you think about the job about keeping Capello off the boards and how Nick played in terms of just crashing glass yeah we weren't pleased at half time that definitely talked about that half 12 was definitely too many like I told the guy I did say we're lucky that we're winning right now just because they weren't able to convert all those opportunities but they they had them and so the adjustment for guys to come back hit be a part of you know scrapping and getting rebounds is huge Jacques to quote Brian this is two-fold when you guys traded for McKell you talked a lot about his time in Phoenix when Booker was out and how he had to carry the offensive load you know he's into 22 games he's doing this on 50 percent shooting and whatnot I mean when did this kind of become an expectation for you of him being able to handle the go-to score a load and I guess talking about some of his splits you know what do you think is sustainable and realistic going forward and what maybe you know is it inevitable that there might be a little bit of a drop-off for you know rounding the mean or whatever the math term I'm trying to think of is yeah definitely I think you know he becomes one or two on ours on you know the opponent's scouring poor so I think overall he gets more attention and now what is he gonna do with the attention I think he's shown the ability to score the basketball and you know you talked about when we saw him doing that stretch in Phoenix I think I'm learning about him and this has been a relationship where we've allowed him to just hoop and he's in positions that he wasn't in a few months ago and I think he's really I know enjoyed having I don't know the the burden I guess we won't use that word of us scoring for us or being a offensive you know cog for us on a nightly basis I think he's learning how to do it when he's guarded by a primary defender so this is all part of his growth he puts in the work he's present all the time and he pours his soul into the team and he deserves this and we're gonna keep putting more on his plate and see if he can handle it two-fold two-fold guilt is charged when you're talking about data what a what was it that you I guess saw from his minutes that they were giving him trouble with that you said all right let's try let's try DFS in that spot yeah so the first piece is I talked about it before the game we didn't want to give up threes to by Donovitch we get a switch with day Ron now he's got a guard by God for the three step back three on the right wing so a guy like that he had he had come into the game shooting seventy percent for three in the three games already so we didn't want to get him going that was a huge piece of it and that was a part of their barrage of Bogdanovich being in the game and then playing faster and it's just a likelihood bigs are bigs and they gravitate towards the rim and when Bogdanovich can shoot threes that could be deadly and when you're looking at I guess when you're trying to figure out the flow of the game I remember in Atlanta in your last one in your last meeting with them he hits the buzzer beater and Spencer I don't want to say Spencer was beating himself up but I mean he was talking about I was afraid to be aggressive with him because they're gonna give him a call and whatnot and he hits the game winner were there things that you learned from that game about just how aggressive you have to be with Trey and if you're gonna make a mistake be over aggressive not be too lax yeah I think that was a part of Spencer start on him tonight Spencer is and I keep using it has the IQ to adjust from game to game and what's needed and how the referees gonna call things what Trey can get away with what he can get away with so that was a big part of the way we started so Spencer was extremely solid and I don't know it's some nuance to garden him which way he likes to go what moves he considers his go-to moves so I think we were more locked into what those look like and then making him finish at the rim over length so the combination all those things and Spencer taking a challenge was good for us