Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with jaspys five box gold standard elements and optic Football mixer random team break number one with a early bird spot So if you're one of the first 18 spots purchased in this break, you got a chance to win an extra spot So big thanks to the first 18 right here It's a dice roll from a different break. Let's get some new dice new list and top name after nine Top name after nine will get an extra spot three Four and ninth and final time Mickey congrats I think Mickey wants some break credit early tape won an extra spot here in this break for being an early bird Pretty early right there, too Look at that. Go get a powerball ticket Or no that drawing was already already happened. Maybe Mega Millions all 32 teams are in there's everybody's names Big thanks everybody who bought spots straight up Congrats again to the people who won spots in that filler Let's roll it randomized names and Names and teams 11 and a 5 6 and a 5 11 times 1 2 10 and 11th and final time we got Kevin M down to canard bolt 6 and a 5 11 times for the teams 1 2 and 11th and final time After 11 we got Buffalo Down to the Rams Like Buffalo Gold Everyone's favorite slot machine Kevin you think we should talk to the Buffalo Gold people get that Buffalo Gold sponsorship Kevin with the bills Chad with the Niners Joe with the Panthers Robert with the Browns Chad with the Patriots Aaron with the Buccaneers James with the Ravens Charles with the Texans Chad bears and my Raiders Brad Giants last spot mojo Simon Jaguars Chad with the Saints Aaron with the Titans Eric with the Colts Allen with the Cardinals Mickey with your early bird spot the Cowboys and with your full spot the Falcons Ryan with the Broncos Chad with the Chiefs Craig with the Bengals Chad with the Eagles Niko with the Lions Charles with the Steelers Aaron with the Seahawks and Nester with the Commander Stephen Olson with the Dolphins Chad Cromwell chargers Eddie H with the Packers Eric with the Jets James with the Vikings and canard with the Los Angeles Rams Let's sort by column a by team And we're gonna pause a video During the trade when I'm gonna go grab those boxes and we come back We'll see if there's any trades, and then we'll have the break. So stick around. We'll see on the other side All right, TWC trade window closed So that list right here remains the same. Thanks everyone for getting in appreciate it We're gonna do the hybrid box first Then we'll do a couple boxes of elements, and then we'll do two box of gold standard ABC always be closing we got the second half of a pick your team break of elements in the store right now Jasky's case breaks calm look at that elements being all aggressive. It's like hey break me first But yeah, Diego and or great. I think it's gonna I think the Cassian and or series may turn out to be one of the One of the better Disney related or Disney era Star Wars related TV shows. I think one of the things that they did was The director slash writer Gilroy Tony Gilroy, I think who did Rogue one Was saying that they did not want to do any fan service and I think for the most part Sounds like sounds like the studio is pretty hands-off on it and I think they kind of Let them just kind of build like a two series of a slow burning series. I think it's 12 episodes a season And only two season. I think it's supposed to line take us right up to It's supposed to take us right up to Rogue one There's Kiné and Wang Wu red mojo and a Zach Wilson that James with the Vikings and a Zach Wilson Eric J with the Jets um I don't think you have to Jilo watch Rogue one before watching and or but I Would just as a just to get a refresher to get a feel for the because the the environment of the and the whole the the cinematography the environment all that is It's very similar same creators so Nice chase Edmunds of 25 That quity pay rated rookie red mojo For the blue horseshoes that'll be for Eric Chase Edmunds will go to Alan and the Cardinals and Frank Darby will go to the Falcons. It's Mickey. Oh And then Matt Jones as well. Nice. We have the Anna Trevor Lawrence. Look at that No, my house that Prescott so T-Law going to Simon and the Jaguar's and The Mack Jones and I think these the red mojo parallels which are not numbered I think these are exclusive to this set that goes to Chad and the Patriots and I think I'm at stars really quick. I think like I say that Rogue one It's probably one of the The best post prequel movies Again, I think it has the benefit of not having like these major Names attached to their franchise All right, we got Najee Harris. Yes tungsten atomic number is 74 We learned that in the last element spray. I learned that in the last element spray and behind Najee Harris is his teammate TJ Watt dual relic for the Steelers Charles behind Najee Harris is a Hyeong-Wae Koo 72 77 out of 125 remember how he was just garbage When he was on the chargers and then was it maybe out of football for a season or two and Then returned to Atlanta or signed on with Atlanta and became a pro bowler and it goes to Mickey in the Falcons and behind Najee Harris is Is his teammate Kenny pick it nice Rookie steel signatures not bad for a five box mixer. This was just marinating. This was on the site for a little bit That goes to Charles a wolf kill Great time to get this guy. I think he's making his first start this week Kenny pick it era has begun You'll also get this Najee Harris the Marysium the atomic number is 95. All right on this side here We've got more Marysium Alec Pierce for the Colts Eric down And then we've got a Chris Godwin one of one Buccaneers Aaron Miller All aboard the Big Hit Express What was that whole box all Steelers No, we had we had the Falcons autograph. It's close though behind Malik Willis is Taekwon Thornton for the Patriots That's gonna go to Chad and the Pat riots 71 out of 125 behind Malik Willis is Metal moments Justin Tucker drilling a 66 yard field goal during the 1917 road win The score was 1970 wasn't in 1917 the Score was 1917 road win over the Lions. I remember that I think it hit The crossbar and went over right if I'm not mistaken James with the purple birds and the Malik Willis for the Titans will go to Aaron as well. That's the 99 gold standard This is 2022 Gold standard. So with the hybrid box of 2021 elements is 22 and then gold there's also 22 All right, we got Desmond Ritter 7 out of 25 the opulence Desmond Ritter, which I think may be Which I know is a short print I don't know if it's one per case or one every other case or something like that But a nice one getting a rookie quarterback Mickey and the ATL Trayvon Walker Aiden Hutchinson 35 out of 49 Simon has the Jaguars and Niko has the Lions that'll be a randomizer cat on cat two potential game Wreckers right there Could be a game Wreckers for a long time 155 out of 199 Hall of Gold to Rome Betis Steelers It's for Charles We've got Trey Hendrickson 72 out of 99 for the Bengals That's gonna be for Craig and Cincinnati. We're on Cincinnati We're on Cincinnati We're on Cincinnati Traylin Burks is going to Tennessee that is for Aaron Miller. That's to 25 And then we've got Carson strong 78 out of 149 that is for Chad and the Eagles. I'm gonna fly like an eagle Keeps on tripping To the futures Cortland Sutton for the Broncos last box Quick little break just five boxes Good luck everybody. I got Drake London started from the bottom. Now we're here 82 out of 99 Which Drake do you think Drake London listens to there's Eli Mitchell? 82 out of 9 to 9 or do you think people ask him that so much they used to say nah? I don't even like Drake Chad with the Niners There's Deandre Swift gold plated relic 16 out of 299 for the Lions Niko Travis Kelsey 161 88 out of 299 gold plated That's for the Chiefs Chad with Kansas City Garrett Wilson piece of his jersey 41 out of 399 Jets Eric J with the Jets Fred Taylor his autograph 78 out of 299 what was that podcast he recommended to me Gilo did it have this Fred Taylor on it? Jaguars that's for Simon Wasn't for for those knees Like he could have had a pretty amazing career And Kyle Hamilton dual relic and autograph 24 out of 1 of 49 That's for the Ravens. That's for James and this AJ Brown will go to the Eagles That's gonna go to Chad and let's make one person happy and one person sad It is that the pivot is the podcast. Thanks. You know All right, we got Trayvon Walker Jacksonville on top and then Aiden Hutchison Detroit on the bottom Let's roll it. Let's randomize it two and a five seven times team on top after seven one two three four five six and seventh and final time Goes to Jacksonville apologies to Detroit. Sorry Niko, but congrats to Simon and the Jags You'll get this dual relic going your way. Thanks for watching everybody That was Jasky's five bucks gold standard elements optic mixers quick little five bucks mixer random team break number one I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye


Live from Las Vegas, Nevada, it's theCUBE. Covering IBM World of Watson 2016. Brought to you by IBM. Here's your host, Dave Vellante. Welcome back to IBM World of Watson, everybody. This is day two for us, day three for the event. This is theCUBE, the worldwide leader in live tech coverage. Joe Francis is here as the lead architect for mid-size events at IBM and he's joined by Pietro Mesolini, who is the program director for cognitive marketing, for IBM research. Gentlemen, welcome to theCUBE. Good to see you. All right, so Joe, let me start with you. Set it up for us. You guys created a capability, sets of services within one of the apps that attendees use for World of Watson. It's kind of demonstrating a great Watson use case. Why don't you explain it? Okay, we started with a blue mix environment that was pretty much blank and an empty cloud environment and we were able to using Watson services, cloud it, blue mix, Node.js, pull together the entire site that you see in the session expert in a matter of months, which is a real testament to how quickly you can implement scalable, effective solutions. So what was the objective? Take us back to the blank piece of paper. Somebody said, I need X. What was X, Pietro? What we really needed is to create an experience for people coming to World of Watson, which could help them choosing in a personalized way between 1200 session. So how can Watson help in that direction? That was the challenges that was presented in front of us and we were able to use some of the Watson conversations, some of the Watson services available, but we had to build a Hadox solution, which could take the way a user can conversate with Watson with the ability of recommending personalized session to them. What personalized mean, it's really an art, because it's depending on multiple factory, depending what the user wants. The key element we wanted to deliver is having the user to interact with Watson and expressing his needs, so that we can be better in recommending the session. And they expressed that need just in sort of natural language formats. Okay, so how did you train Watson? Was that where you started? Yes, there's a combination of the event owner would do most of the primary Watson conversation, which is a testament to how easy it is. Didn't have to be high tech person to make that all happen in the background. But what we found was that as you do your searching, things like that, we needed a secondary Watson conversation instance that we automatically populate from the session data so that the natural language can pick up those key elements and feed them back to us in a way where we can selectively search and filter to provide the real answer that the person is asking. So the outcome was a set of Watson services embedded into the event website that I could use as an attendee to figure out what the best match for these 1200 sessions is. One of the key element back to your question is how we train it. Traditionally when you train a Watson system is trained out of existing question, bank of question and answer that the user can usually ask. Now, when you look in this recommendation type of solution, there is really not such a bank of question because people can come and ask any type of activity. We cannot really pre-train Watson with all the possible questions the user can ask. People can come and say, OK, which are the popular session or cloud session on Tuesday morning which are relevant for my industry? So as you can understand, the variety of the question that the user can ask put us in front of a difficult challenge. That was, how can we train Watson where we don't have question? And that is Joe pointed out, we fall back in some of the search and using Watson to kind of guide the user to the right search approach that they can do. And use analytics to then deliver the best answer. So you said Bluemix, Node.js, and Watson APIs, basically, to put all this together. What did the team look like that you had to do? Actually, how long did you have to do this? What was the time frame? I believe four or five months. OK. So less than six months. And what was the team? What were the skill sets that you had to put together? Were they full time on it? Yes, we had three UI designers, two in London, and one on the event's team, working in conjunction with UX designer and the event owner. And they really spearheaded everything you see and touch in the system, that whole user interface. Then in the back end, we basically had the API system, which is all the Bluemix, which is pointing everywhere. We pull information from our external session management system, pull it all into cloud and feed that with the APIs. That's the back end. Then all of that is a real big picture, because not only do you have those pieces, but you have all of the infrastructure pieces. So the team was really quite extended in that regard. OK, so what? We're talking about seven, eight, nine, 10 people? Yeah, about 10 people active full time, and then a good 10 more that were on the calls pretty regularly. And a combination of front end and back end and infrastructure stack developers in here. The key element in a solution like this one built in such a short period is that we need to make sure that we divide the roles. And one of the key role was the business owner, the event owner, who manage, who has the business logic that this app should include. So to be able to the couple, people who take care of what Watson should say versus what the API and the recommendation and the UI element making coexist on this three element was a key component that make this project successful. How did you deal with the data quality issue, right? To give people confidence that what you were feeding back was a good match. How did you test that? OK, there were, first of all, the data quality is that was one of the harder parts, was to make sure that you are answering the right questions and that the quality of your response is correct. Because if it's not correct, there's no confidence at all. Then when you do start surfacing good results, we need to show why we give those results. So that was one of the biggest challenges was to figure out how to convert numbers and all that stuff to something that a human can look at and go, that's why you did it. Would you like to add? And on top of it, we have a machine learning algorithm at which every couple of hours is training himself and trying to get better based on what we know about this happening at the event, our prediction, measuring the accuracy, and then improve with additional recommendation. So the data source was relatively straightforward. I mean, the corpus was the event sessions, right? So that's pretty fixed. It was really the algorithm that you had to continue to iterate on. And then how did you test it at some scale where you had confidence?  Or did you just watch what people were doing as it was live? We soft launch and we have extremely effective monitoring tools that tell us everything about the application. So that part was pretty easy, actually. In terms of what performance you mean? Performance, alerts, if anything goes wrong, we know. And just complete performance monitoring in the end from how long it takes for each request. But how did you test your algorithm in terms of the machine learning, the efficacy of the algorithm? There are two elements of it. First, when it comes of the user talking to Watson, we can measure and understand what they're actually tracking. So we keep log of everything they do. And we are able, over time, to improve the system of understanding if Watson is getting better. So you had a feedback loop there. Exactly. And on the recommendation point of view, was more at the level of, I predicted 10 sessions, how many of those sessions were actually picked. And that will help us, the confidence in the model. We got a wrap, but I'll give you the final word, Pietro, you had said you have some other things that you wanted to share. So one thing that's where we are going with this one and tapping for what you mentioned before is we want, how do you make this cognitive system trustable by user? How do I know that when I look at the recommendation, this recommendation is indeed valuable for my point of view? Watson, tell me why? So I'm from IBM Research, is one of the activities we are doing is now studying how the user can build trust on a digital environment. That's one of the area that we'll be coming in the next few months. And then how can I see this? How can people go see it? Actually, the best way to do it, go on IBM.com, scroll down, and say chat with Watson. Chat with Watson? All right, great. Gentlemen, thanks very much for coming on theCUBE. Really appreciate it. Thank you. Congratulations on the success. All right, keep it right there, everybody. We're bringing you the cognitive signal from the noise here at World of Watson. We're right back. This is theCUBE.


Ladies and gentlemen, the story you are about to hear is true. The names have been changed to protect the innocent. Dragnet is brought to you by Chesterfield. Made by Liggett and Myers. First major tobacco company to bring you a complete line of quality cigarettes.  You're assigned to homicide detail. The body of an attractive woman has been found in the downtown office building. Beaten to death with a piece of lead pipe. The killer has escaped into the city. Your job? Find him. Today, friends, you hear these three words everywhere. Chesterfield's for me. The Chesterfield you smoke today is the best cigarette ever made. Best for you. Because Chesterfield gives you proof of highest quality low nicotine. The taste you want. The mildness you want. Chesterfield is best for you because it is tested and approved by 30 years of scientific tobacco research. Chesterfield is best for you because it has an established good record with smokers. Proven by test after test. Yes, friends, the Chesterfield you smoke today is the best cigarette ever made. For the taste you want, the mildness you want. Join the thousands now changing to Chesterfield. Dragnet, the documented drama of an actual crime. For the next 30 minutes in cooperation with the Los Angeles Police Department, you will travel step by step on the side of the law through an actual case transcribed from official police files. From beginning to end, from crime to punishment, Dragnet is the story of your police force in action. It was Thursday, April 15th. It was warm in Los Angeles. We were working the day watch out a homicide detail. My partner's Frank Smith, the boss is Captain Larmond. My name's Friday. We just left the murder room and it was 7.40 a.m. when we got to Suite 718, the building manager's office. Miss Joyce? Yes, you men cops? Yes ma'am. We understand you're the one who found the body, is that right? Oh please, that's right. I found her. That was an awful scene. My partner Frank Smith, my name's Friday. I wonder if you feel up to telling us exactly what happened. Oh sure. It's about the most terrible thing that ever happened to me. There's nothing we can get you ma'am. Oh, thanks. Janie brought me some hot coffee. Who's Janie? Janie Alcliffe. She works the first three floors. She brought me some hot coffee. She was up here and they let her bring it. All right Miss Joyce, could you just tell us about it please? Right from the beginning. You want to hear all about the whole thing? If you would please. I came on at four just like always. I punched in and came up to the tenth floor and started in. Got the things out of the closet on the tenth. Usually I start on the seventh, but now and then I like to do it a little different and I start on the tenth and work down. Yes ma'am. What time was it when you found the body? Oh just a few minutes ago. I guess about seven right around in there. I only had two more offices to do and I'd be finished. I just had two more when I got there. Go ahead and tell us about finding the body. Well, I unlocked the door and I saw the light inside. I thought it was kind of funny because usually it's dark. You mean in the office? Yes. And where Mrs. Fitzgerald's desk is, it's usually dark. Yes ma'am. I thought it was kind of funny like I said. But then I thought that maybe she was working. She does accounting though. Woman accountant. I thought she was working. So I knocked. I didn't just want to go right in if she was working. Disturbers. Why not? But she didn't answer. Go ahead please. Well, I opened the door and went in. Right off I was kind of sore about it. No excuse for a thing like that. No excuse at all. What do you mean? Didn't you see the place? Didn't you look? Yes. Well then you know what a mess it was. All the papers all over the floor and the ashtray stills. All that mess and I'm supposed to be through at 7.30. I had never made it. Never got through on time. And that's when I saw her behind the desk. Oh it was an awful thing. There was no one else in the office. No. Just Mrs. Fitzgerald. She was in the floor behind the desk. Why'd you do that? I screamed. I wanted somebody to come up there right away. I saw anybody dead. And I ran out of the office and went downstairs to get somebody to help. Just an awful thing. Poor Mrs. Fitzgerald. All the time saying hello when she'd come in early and I'd still be working. Think about it and I just can't believe that it's true. I just can't hardly believe it. Did you see anyone on the floor while you were working? Just Mrs. Fitzgerald. No ma'am, I mean was there anybody in the halls of the building? Oh no. No, not that I saw there wasn't anybody. I'd have seen them if they were there but they weren't. All right Mrs. Joyce, we'll contact you tomorrow about a statement. Meantime, I'll leave you one of our cards here. If you think of anything we should know, we'd appreciate it if you give us a call. Oh sure will. Anything at all I think of, I'll call you. Can I go now? Yes ma'am, certainly.  Surely. I'm sure it's going to be a shock to her husband. Of course not that he'll mind too much. A big part? For us, but you know, Mr. Fitzgerald. Yes ma'am, what about him? Well, just said it isn't going to bother that one too much. Why do you say that? Shouldn't have said anything. It's not a word. I shouldn't have told you. I'd get fired sure. Well if it's got anything to do with Mrs. Fitzgerald's death, maybe you better tell it, don't you think? Well, if you'll promise not to tell the supervisor. All right, go ahead. It gets dull just being in a big building by yourself all alone at night when there isn't anybody around. It's pretty dull. Once in a while, not real often. Just once in a while I kind of read some of the letters that people throw away, you know, in the wastebasket. They don't want them anymore, so when it gets real dull, I read of them. I've read some in Mrs. Fitzgerald's office from her husband, Mr. Fitzgerald. Yeah. Seems like they've been having some kind of a big fight going to court and all. I don't know what it's all about, but they've been fighting. And in the letters he tells how she ought to leave him alone. I guess she's asking for a lot of alimony or something. That's what it sounded like to me. Some of the letters, the way he wrote to her, mean, used to threaten her all the time. You saw these letters where he threatened her, did you? Yes. One, I guess it was about a week ago. He said in that, if she tried to railroad the thing through, that's what he said. Railroad the thing through. He'd come up here and... Yes, go ahead. Well, that's all there is. I couldn't find the other piece of the letter where he said what he was going to do. See, she tore up the letters after she read them. All right, Ms. Joyce, thank you very much. No, I hope I helped. Yes, ma'am, I certainly have. I sure wish I could have found that other piece of the letter. No way of knowing what it said. Yes, ma'am. You suppose he really meant it? I don't know. We'll ask him. But the time Frank and I had arrived at the scene, the crew from the crime lab was there. Photographs of the entire room were taken and fingerprints were lifted from the edges of the desk, from the top of the lamp, and from the molding around the door. The murder weapon, a 15-inch section of heavy lead pipe was booked for evidence. There was nothing we could tell from the pipe itself other than the fact that it was the murder instrument. It was a plain piece of three-quarter inch pipe. One end was wrapped in a heavy brown paper. The other was blood stained. Because of the appearance of the office, it looked as if robbery was the motive for the crime. However, on examination of the victim's personal effects, we found that two large diamond rings were still in their fingers. In her purse, we found cash in the amount of $226. On the desk itself, we found a woman's wristwatch set with 12 diamonds. The fact that none of this had been removed apparently ruled out robbery as the motive. The other employees of the building were questioned, but they were unable to shed any light on a possible suspect. None of them had seen any unauthorized persons in the place after closing hours. People on the street in the immediate vicinity were questioned. The only lead we were able to come up with was that at approximately 7.02 a.m., a newsboy had seen a short, stocky man walk from the office building entrance. Other than the brief description of the man's build, the witness was unable to tell us anything. An immediate broadcast was gotten out on what information we had. From a telephone book in the victim's desk, we got an address for her husband, Oscar Fitzgerald, who's a men's club located in downtown Los Angeles. Frank and I drove over to talk to him. Come in. Thank you. Thank you very much. Sit down. I'll call for some coffee. You fellas want some? No, no, thanks. No, sir. You don't mind if I have some? No, you go right ahead. Room service, please. Kind of early for the cops to come calling in. Yes, sir. I guess it is. This is Mr. Fitzgerald, Room 417. Would you please send up a pot of coffee? That's right. Oh, and send a large glass of orange juice. Yeah, make sure it's cold. 417. Right. One thing I can't go is warm orange juice. Like a cigarette? Yeah, thank you. Now, what's this all about? What do you want to see me for? Well, when's the last time you saw your wife? Ada? Thank you. I guess a couple of weeks ago, why? Can you narrow that down to a day? Why, any special reason for me to? Well, we'd like to hear it. Let's see. I guess it was around March 30th. I can check it if it's important. Where'd you see her? My lawyers. We had a conference to try and work out the divorce and settlement. What line of work are you in, Fitzgerald? I think you'd better tell me what this is all about before I answer any more questions. If this is some sort of trick, Ada's trying. You tell her it won't work and she can get off my back. No, it's no trick. I think it might be better if you cooperate with us and answer the question. All right, but I'm going to tell you going in that if you try to pull a fast one, I'm going to deny everything I tell you now. You tell us the truth. You won't have any trouble. Now, where do you work? Right now, I'm between. What's that mean exactly? Well, I'm an actor right now. I haven't gotten assigned. Where'd you work last? Picture studio. Look, until you tell me what this is for, I'm not going to give you any names. Can you give us your movements for the past few days? Starting when? Well, let's try the day before yesterday. Okay, I got up and went out to see my agent. Of course, that was a waste of time. I hung around the office for a couple of hours and then had lunch on the strip. After that, I came downtown, saw a movie. I came home, took a shower and then kept the dinner and gave it. You prove that? I have to, yeah. But you're getting no names until I know what's going on. All right, how about yesterday? What'd you do then? I got up and went out to my agents. He told me he had a part on the far. We went out on an interview. I was at the studio until about 4.30 and then we went back to my agent's office and had a couple of drinks. After that, I came back here. It didn't feel too good and I went to bed. Well, the man at the desk would be able to verify all that, would he? Yeah, just ask him. Fitzgerald, how'd you get along with your wife? Well, it's not any of your business, but I'll tell you. It isn't any secret. I hated everything about it. You ever have any fights with her? Not more than five a week for the past four years. You ever hit her? You know, people win money for answering questions on quiz shows. What happens if I answer the big one? Well, that depends on how you're going to answer it. Well, I understand you wrote your wife some threatening letters. Now, is that right? I guess you could call them out, yeah. I told her to get off my back and leave me alone. I told her if she didn't, she was building more trouble than she could handle. You ever threatened her life? No.  There were a lot of them, but it wasn't worth it, not for her. What did you argue about mostly? The divorce. I've been trying to get one for the last four years. Ada wouldn't see it. Finally, when I did talk her into it, the settlement she wanted was way out of line. I wouldn't go for it and tell her so. What's all this about the fights and the threatening anyway? Something happened to Ada, is that it? Yes, sir. Has she been hurt? I'm afraid it's more serious than that. Is she dead? Yes, sir. You think I did it? No, we're checking everybody that knew her. Okay, I told her there were times when I could have, when I maybe wanted to. But I wouldn't go to jail for it, not ever. You've got to find another boy and when you do, I'll go as lawyers for you. Yeah. How'd they do it? Piece of lead pipe. Bad? Yeah. A rough way to go. Is there an easy way? We made a preliminary search of the room, but we found nothing that would tie in the victim's husband, Oscar Fitzgerald, with a crime. We talked to the desk clerk and he verified the man's story that he'd been in his apartment the evening of the killer. Fitzgerald made arrangements with us to attend the coroner's inquest and Frank and I went back to the city hall. We checked with the crime lab on their investigation. Lieutenant Lee Jones told us that they'd been able to lift several partial fingerprints from the murder weapon, but that they were impossible to classify. He went on to say that the other prints that had been found at the scene were unusable as evidence, since it would be difficult to get enough points for identification. The other physical evidence taken from the office was of little use. A check had been made of a piece of pipe, but it was found to be of a common type and impossible to trace. Micro photographs had been made of the serrated edges and these had been booked as evidence. We asked the stats office to make a run on the M.O. of the crime and they told us that they would start through their files immediately. For the next two days, Frank and I talked to all of the friends and relatives of the victim, attempting to find a motive for the crime. From what we had to work on, the only plausible reason for the killing was either revenge or jealousy. None of Mrs. Fitzgerald's friends or business acquaintances were able to point out anyone with a strong enough reason to kill the woman. Monday, April 19th, Frank and I got back to the office after interviewing one of the victim's business competitors. Well, that's another one that didn't go any place. Well, it seems like that's all we've been drawing on this one, doesn't it? Yeah. I'll check the book. All right. Anything come in from the stats office yet? No. Said to have the rest to run for us this afternoon. Well, the first punch didn't turn anything. I got it. Homicide Friday. Yeah, Jack. Anything on him? Sure. No, we're in no place now. Well, we'll know anything's got to be it. You want to give me that address? All right. All right, we'll check it. Good. All right, Jack. Thanks again. Bye. Jack McCready says he talked to one of his informants this morning. Guy came up with a couple of good things, maybe. Yeah? One of them's about a guy in the Olympia Bar at 4th and Kohler. Fellas pretty drunk and doing a lot of talking down there. Something for us? Maybe.  We left the office and drove over to the corner of 4th and Kohler in the Olympia Bar. When we walked in, there were only a few customers in the place. At the far end of the bar, a short, stocky man was sitting alone.  He appeared to be pretty drunk, and as we entered, he was talking to the other people seated at the bar. Any of you guys that don't believe it, you just come outside with me. I'll show you. I'll show you all, every one of you. Bartender, I got an empty glass. Now, let's do something about it, huh? I think he had about enough of that, don't you? What? I said he had enough to drink. Who are you to tell me that, huh? Who are you to come in here and tell me what to do? What's the matter?  Is that what you think? You called it. Come on, we won't talk to you. You mean you are cops? That's right. Well, listen, you better get out of here and do it fast if you know what's good for you. You're just better. Frank, yeah.  You guys don't hear good, do you? Stand still. You're not messing around with me. You're gonna find out. You'll find out good. I'll give you the same thing I gave her, the same thing. Hold it, Frank. All right, come on, mister. Who are you talking about? I'll tell you. I'll tell you good. And you'll know leave me alone if you know what's good for you. I'm talking about that Ada Fitzgerald. That's who. Ada.  I'm a pretty rough fella, you know? Pretty rough. Is that right? Betcha. You're not dealing with a kid, you know? Well, that makes it even, then, doesn't it? You're not dealing with a woman. We took the suspect down to the homicide squad room. He identified himself as Carl Neely. He was handcuffed to a chair and we ran his name through the record bureau. He had a long string of arrests for various charges including attempted robbery, assault, and assault with intent to do great bodily harm. He'd never been convicted on a felony, but his record showed that he'd served two terms in the county jail for drunk charges and creating a public nuisance. While we were checking his record, the suspect passed out in an alcoholic stupor in the squad room. We contacted Sergeant Jack McCready and Officer Danny Galindo and asked them to make a search of the suspect's residence. In going over the place, they'd found a bloodstained shirt and a coat. The garments were packed in a cardboard box that had been hidden under the kitchen sink. They were brought downtown to us along with an empty envelope found in the apartment. It had been sent to the suspect, Neely, and the return address on the back indicated that the letter had been sent by the victim's husband, Oscar Fitzgerald. We waited for the suspect to come to enough force to question him. Frank went out and brought back some hot coffee. We tried to get Neely to drink some of it, 8.40 p.m. It's hot! All right, come on, try some more.  You've been the robber for. Yeah. What am I here for? The one talking about the Fitzgerald woman. Ada? It's about off again. You said you killed her? Figures. Every time I get tanked up, I always kill somebody. What overfills? All right, tell us about the Fitzgerald woman. Nothing to tell. I read about it in the papers. This morning, I started drinking. It always happens when I've been belting the booze. I right away tell people I killed somebody. These clothes here belong to you. Let me see. I don't know. Where'd you get them? Part of yours. I don't know. You got that many clothes? Hmm? I know all the clothes I got, no trouble at all. You don't dress as good as me. All right, come off it, Nealey. You're in trouble. Big trouble here. You sat in the bar this morning, told everybody about how you'd beaten the woman to death. We find these clothes in your apartment, blood stains all over them. Here's another thing, this envelope. Where'd you get this? It was a mail, like it says. You see the stamp? You know Oscar Fitzgerald? I don't get mail from strangers. Sure, I know them. They've crime to get a letter now. What was in that envelope? I don't think that's none of your business. Well, we do. What kind of dealings have you got with Oscar Fitzgerald? Are you so worked for him? Doing what? I took care of the place. When him and Ea were married, sort of a general handyman. When'd you see him last? No, maybe a couple of months ago, around there, a couple of three months. What do you find so important that he wrote you about it? He loaned me some money. He sent me a check. It was a loan, huh? Yeah. Signed any sort of note for the money? Well, I endorsed the check. It said on it it was a loan. Well, you guys trying to prove, anyway. You trying to tie me in with Ada's killing? You look good for it.  I had nothing to do with it. Sure, you got me for drunk, but that's all. Your record makes you look good for it. Clothes we found in your apartment don't help you.  Be a lot better if you told us the truth here in here. I'm telling you the truth.   It's there. Where'd the blood stains come from? They're mine. Well, tell us about it. Well, I got in a fight with another fella. Where? A bar down on Sevens. When? Wednesday. Last week? Yeah, last Wednesday. What times you have this fight? Clothes and time? I'd make it about two o'clock, huh? That's when the bar's closed.  Went up to a friend's house and had a couple more drinks. Who's a friend? You don't know him. You got no record. What's his name? I don't want him dragged into anything. What's his name? Jackie Meadows. Let me see your hands, Neyland. Here. You got some pretty bad bruises there. You must have hit something pretty hard. The fight I told you about, that's where those came from. Tell us what you did after you left the bar. I told you. I went up to Jackie's. I had a couple of drinks. What time did you get there? Around three, maybe three, ten. What time did you leave? About five. Where'd you go? I don't remember. Too good. I was pretty boozed up. What do you think you went? Well, Jackie was worried about me being cut up from the fight. He wanted me to see a doctor. Yeah? He drove me down to the Georgia Street receiving hospital. I was there until 9.30 Thursday morning. You are listening to Dragnet, the authentic story of your police force in action. World altitude records. World speed records. All part of Bill Bridgeman's job as a supersonic test pilot for Douglas Aircraft. You read about Bill in Time Magazine. Now let's meet one of the world's fastest humans. John Jackwell and Hazard, who is collaborating with Bill on his new book, Test Pilot. They smoke America's most popular two-way cigarette, Chesterfield. I smoke the king size. After hearing what the Chesterfield people have been saying about them, I thought I should try them. I'm convinced they're best for me. It's Chesterfield's for me, too, but I like the regular size. Either way, they're everything Bill says, and they're really mild. You try Chesterfield. I think you'll find they're best for you. Yes, for the taste you want, the mildness you want. Join the thousands now changing to Chesterfield. A call was put through to Dr. Hall at Georgia Street receiving hospital, asking if a patient was given emergency treatment on the morning of Thursday, April 15. A search of the hospital records verified the story told to us by the suspect, Carl Neely. We checked through our crime reports and we found that a miscellaneous injury report had been made. From the coroner's report, we knew that the victim had been murdered between the hours of 5 a.m. and 7 a.m. on that morning. We got in touch with Neely's friend, Jackie Meadows, and he also verified the suspect's story. He was booked in at the main jail in a charge of being drunk in a public place, and Frank and I started checking out the remainder of the list that the stats office had given us. Originally, there had been 12 names on the list. We talked to 10 of them. The 11th, a Norman Sitkin had a record of burglary, attempted robbery, and assault with a deadly weapon. He'd been arrested and brought to trial on a charge of murder three years previously, but he'd been acquitted. The circumstances surrounding his arrest were the same as those in the Fitzgerald case. The main reason he'd been released, a free man, was the testimony of his mother, who had sworn that Sitkin had been home with her on the night of the killing. When we went out to his home, we found that he wasn't there. We talked to his mother and she told us that he'd been in San Diego for the past three days. Under interrogation, we established the fact that on the night of the Fitzgerald killing, Sitkin hadn't been at home, but that he had been in Los Angeles. We put in a call to the San Diego authorities and talked to Lieutenant Mort Geer in the homicide detail. We contacted the hotel where he was staying in Los Angeles, and a 24-hour stakeout was placed on the location. Wednesday, April 21st, Frank and I got back from lunch. Better put in a call to Mort, huh? See if we got anything on Sitkin? Yeah, you want to do it? Right. Okay. Hi, this is Frank Smith-Roberty. Yeah, I'd like to put in the call to San Diego PD Homicide Bureau. Lieutenant Mort Geer. No, it's a homicide. Yeah, DR 132549. Yeah, that's one. That's 3268. Huh? Well, 58. Right. Okay, Sam, thanks. I want this one, Joe. Oh, sorry. Homicide Friday. Yes, sir? No, that's right. When was that? Yes, sir. Right away. Cancel that call, Frank. What do you got? Sitkin just walked into his hotel. Frank and I left the office immediately and drove out to Sitkin's hotel. We talked to the officers on stake out and they told us that the suspect had just returned. They went on to explain that they'd given Sitkin no reason to suspect that anything was wrong and that he'd gone directly to his room. Frank and I got in the elevator and we went up to the fourth floor. Yeah? What do you want? You're Norman Sitkin? Yeah, what do you want? Police officer. Come on. You got no right to do this. Let me see your warrant. Get your coat, Sitkin. We want to talk to you. What floor? What do you got to talk to me about? I got nothing to say. Why? What's the charge? What are you taking me in for? Suspicion to murder. You're kidding. Well, you just keep thinking, man. You mean this is for real? Come on, let's go. Well, wait a minute. I want to know what this is all about. Is that so? Well, sure. Figure out something to do with that woman who was beaten to death downtown. Fitzgerald, I think that's the name, huh? Isn't that what you think? Well, you seem to know all about it. Well, you're way off on this one. I got an alibi that you can't break. I can see you guys figuring because I stood this kind of beef once before. You can make it stick this time. Well, it won't work.  I can prove where I was that night every minute. All right. That's right, every minute. You check in my house. It happens I was with my mother just like the other time. All night I was home. You're going to stand on that? Well, there isn't any other way. Well, it's going to make it a lot easier then. Well, what's that supposed to mean?  She says you weren't home that night. Well, she's wrong. You let me talk to her. She'll tell you. You just let me talk to her. She's sure you weren't there. She's willing to testify to that. Get out of my way. All right. All right. Come on. Want to get the cuffs? Yeah. Hold still. Funny, isn't it? What's that? Looks like he might have been good on that first killing. The one he was acquitted on. His mother might light on the stand. That's not going to make a lot of difference, is it? Huh? He's going to make up for it on this one. The story you have just heard is true. The names were changed to protect the innocent. On August 17th, trial was held in Department 97, Superior Court of the State of California, in and for the county of Los Angeles. In a moment, the results of that trial. Now, here is our star, Jack Webb. Thank you. Earlier, George Fenerman told you exactly why the Chesterfield you smoked today is the best cigarette ever made. And best for you. Now, the rest is up to you. Get a carton or two for yourself. Smoke them and you'll say as we do, it's Chesterfield's for me. Norman Edward Sittkin was tried and convicted for murder in the first degree. On recommendation of the jury, he received a maximum penalty. And on July 19th, he was executed in the lethal gas chamber at the State Penitentiary, San Quentin, California. You have just heard Dragnet, a series of authentic cases from official files. Technical advice comes from the office of Chief of Police, W.H. Parker, Los Angeles Police Department. Technical advisors, Captain Jack Donahoe, Sergeant Marty Wynn, Sergeant Vance Frasier. Heard tonight were Ben Alexander, Virginia Greg, Herb Ellis. Script by John Robinson. Music by Walter Schumann. Hell, Gibney speaking. Watch an entirely different Dragnet case history each week on your local NBC television station. Please check your newspapers for the day and time. Chesterfield has brought you Dragnet, transcribed from Los Angeles. Filter tip smokers. This is it. L and M filters. The one filter tip cigarette with plenty of good taste. Much more flavor. Much less nicotine. And effective filtration. Only the L and M filter contains the miracle product, alpha cellulose. Absolutely pure. Non-mineral. Harmless to health. Yes, this is it. As Helen Hayes puts it, L and M filters are just what the doctor ordered. By L and M filters. The light and mild smoke. Here Rocky Fortune following John Cameron Swayze and the news on the NBC radio network.


In modern mathematics, we usually introduce irrational magnitudes in the context of either algebra or geometry. We might make the observation that the square root of 2 cannot be expressed as the ratio of whole numbers. Or we might say things like the ratio between the diagonal of a square and its side cannot be expressed as a ratio of whole numbers. But it's possible the Pythagoreans discovered them through an entirely different root. And that has to do with music. Musicians know that two notes, when played together, might be discordant or cacophonous. They'd clash when you sound them together, like these notes. Or they might be consonant or euphonious. They'd go well together, like these notes. According to well-documented legend, which is to say a lot of people tell the story, Pythagoras was walking by a smithy one day. Now, for those of you who don't live near historical reenactment sites, a smithy is a place where blacksmiths take hot metal and they pound it into various useful objects, horseshoes, nails, and various other items. And there's a lot of quacking pieces of metal with metal hands. Now, a normal person might not like to hang around listening to the sound of this anvil chorus, but Pythagoras was not a normal person. He was a mathematician. And he noticed that the sounds of the hammers on the anvils sometimes sounded euphonious and sometimes sounded cacophonous. And he went up to the blacksmiths and said, Do you mind if I interrupt you in the middle of your work? And the blacksmiths were completely obliging. And upon investigation, Pythagoras found that the smith's hammers had a weight ratio of 1 to 2 to 3 to 4. Now, there are so many improbabilities in this story that it's likely that this is a complete fabrication. Somewhat more reliable is the claim that Pythagoras invented the first scientific instrument, the monocord. The monocord is a single stringed instrument with a movable bridge. By moving the bridge, the string can be divided into two parts with any given ratio, and the two parts can be plucked to produce two notes. Here's some instructions for making a monocord. Since the two parts have the same string under the same tension, the only difference is the length. And so any difference in the notes is attributable to the length alone. And while it's not really important for our discussion, it is worth noting the shorter string will produce the higher-pitched note. And so Pythagoras discovered that some length ratios produced euphony, the consonant ratios. So if both parts, if both strings had the same length, that's a ratio of 1 to 1. That was euphonious. That shouldn't be too surprising. The strings have the same length, so they produce the same sound. Another consonant ratio occurred if one part was twice as long as the other, or if the two parts had a 3 to 2 ratio, or a 4 to 3 ratio. Meanwhile, other ratios like 9 to 8 produced a cacophony. If you plucked the strings at the same time, what you got didn't sound very good unless you were a fond of caterpulling. And based on his experiments, Pythagoras came to the following conclusion. Beautiful music involves mathematical ratios of small whole numbers. So here's a brief overview of Western music theory, mostly so that we have a language to talk about our following results. We use the following terms. The 1 to 1 ratio produces notes that are the same, their monotone. The 2 to 1 ratio produces notes that are separated by an octave, or span the interval of an octave. The 3 to 2 ratio produces notes that are separated by a fifth, or span the interval of a fifth. The 4 to 3 ratio produces notes that are separated by a fourth, or span the interval of a fourth. Now, if you know something about music, you know there are other intervals, like a third or a sixth, that are also regarded as consonant, at least sometimes. Thirds didn't actually become popular until the Renaissance. These consonant ratios, by the way, seem to be tied into the physiology of sound. And what this means is that most cultures will also recognize these as consonant ratios. And the real difference in musical traditions is which ones of the consonant ratios we incorporate into the music. However, Western musical tradition has one more unusual feature. Okay, among the unusual features of Western music, there is one that's noteworthy. Again, in most musical traditions, the two-to-one ratio produces a consonant, but the notes are regarded as different notes. The unusual feature about the Western musical tradition is that in the Western musical tradition, we regard the two notes as equivalent notes. This is a feature known as octave equivalence. So, while we recognize they are different notes, we view the higher note as a higher pitched version of the same note. And this leads to what's known as the tuning problem. Given octave equivalence, we can produce a musical scale as follows, we'll begin with any note, and we'll produce higher notes, separated by a consonant, and then at the end of it, we'll scale all of our notes back into a single octave. So, if we start with this note, then go up by fifths, we can then scale these notes back into the same octave. So, going up a fifth from our first note leaves us in the same octave, but our next note has to be scaled down, and similarly for the remaining notes. But the devil is in the details, so let's see how we can solve the tuning problem.


Empathy is a key skill for any product person all of you in the room will be nodding and going yeah that's like a huge part of my job. When you're launching a new thing you have to take into account that you are at one end of the change curve you're away over here you're excited you're like wow this is going to be the best thing ever this idea is amazing I've seen it develop all the way through to nearly ready to launch. The person you speak to tomorrow may be at the very other end of the change curve really worried about what this is going to do for them or their job you can't assume that your excitement and enthusiasm will see you through you need to go to where people are even more so than you normally do in product development it's not enough to understand that people are in different places you really do need to go to understand what they are worried about and how you can help mitigate that.


Welcome back. We found out a while back that with this public health crisis came an increase in challenges in poor children with asthma and managing their asthma as well as other lung diseases which includes RSV and now COVID-19. So to address these issues and these lung issues for children, I'm very happy to introduce Dr. Mandy Svatek. She's a faculty member and in the Department of Pediatrics at UT Health and Medical Advisor to the City's Armitra Health's Asthma Intervention Project, Community Asthma Project, SA Kids Breathe. So Dr. Svatek, Mandy. All right, thank you. Thank you, Kathy. Oh, I'm hearing your feedback right now of me talking. How can we fix that? I'm not sure what's causing it. Because otherwise, let's see. I don't hear that. It sounds terrific to me. Okay. Yeah, it's me. Maybe I had another window open. Okay. So everybody can hear me, correct? There we go. I had another window open. So I'm really excited about this opportunity. This is probably one of the biggest crowds that I've presented to yet I'm in my study. So a little unusual and I'm happy that everybody's reached out for this opportunity to learn. I know some of my focus is going to be a little bit within Bear County, San Antonio, but that's okay because then you need to learn about where your resources are outside of where you live. And so this pertains to everybody. I thought to start talking about COVID-19 first to get that out of the way because I know that's on everybody's mind and where we're at, what's going on. So for those that are listening in Bear County, this is as of April 21st where I received this information from University Health System and this is compiled from the Metropolitan Health District. And if you look at this top chart, we can still see the actual number of cases rising, but what's been fortunately positive at this point. So if we look at the bottom chart, March 20th, these are hospitalization rates. And now we're at April. We kind of are now showing maybe perhaps some plateauing, which is really good. And for those that are kind of wondering what's going on in the world, Johns Hopkins has a good dashboard and hopefully I've sent out some resources. We're trying to figure out how we can email those to you guys as well as getting nursing credit. And so hopefully we can put all this together, but you can see what's going on in the world with this Johns Hopkins interactive map. And then we can even see what's going on in the United States. I try to kind of hone in on this. And the darker colors mean that there's a higher number of cases. So fortunately, Texas doesn't, except for North Texas, doesn't have as many, many dark areas, but we're still concerned about the trickle down and what may be affecting our population. And all those that are outside of Texas, what may be affecting your population. So you can see that interactive map link, but you can Google Johns Hopkins interactive COVID map, the spread. So the spread is from coughing, talking or sneezing. And so it's important to understand how that spread happened. So even simply from coughing and talking, just talking alone can spread those droplets. The common symptoms you all have heard about fever, the cough, shortness of breath, feeling tired and weak, but you can have all these other symptoms that are seen here on the right hand side. And for children, so we have a lot of daycare workers, childcare workers. We know that the symptoms can be variable. You may or may not have fever. And so it's one of these symptoms, but not necessarily all fever and, but you can have cough, vomiting and diarrhea without the fever. And so it's good to keep that in mind. I like this chart here. This is from asthma and allergy foundation of America. And they pulled information from the World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. And you can see the comparison of Corona with the cold, the flu. And because this is the asthma allergy foundation, they've added allergies here. And so you can see the duration of symptoms for Corona is much lengthier than even cold and even flu. The common symptoms cough and you can see the shortness of breath sometimes is present with COVID. So you're hearing about that, as opposed to these others, the cold and the flu, you're not really seeing much of that. The sneezing. So even though it can be transmitted via sneezing, we know that if you have another comorbidity, perhaps such as seasonal allergies, then if you contract COVID and you start sneezing because of your allergies, you can spread the disease even more. But you can look at a lot of these symptoms and there's a lot of similarities. So they can be hard. And that's why sometimes testing is important. Community protection. So just for the community itself, and then we'll hone in on the childcare centers, but you want to wash and clean your hands off. And I can't reiterate that just to do it all the time. So especially after coughing, sneezing or touching something, warm water and soap is the best method. But using an alcohol based cleanser, if you're out having to do that emergent shopping that you need for supplies, it's got to be 60% alcohol based. So look on your cleanser, make sure that that's appropriate. And refrain from touching the eyes and the nose. And so wearing that cloth face covering for the new CDC guidelines, handling it by the handles itself, not touching it, can actually prevent spread of the disease. It won't necessarily prevent you from contracting the disease, except you got a mask on and so you're not likely to touch your hand after touching something. And so just understand if you're out in that public, you can look on the CDC website, get a rendition of how you create a cough mask. We don't want to be using the PPE from the hospital because obviously we need that for healthcare workers when we go in and we need those supplies. And this has become a constant concern even at the hospital that I work at how we're going to preserve those supplies appropriately. And I'll talk about asthma later, but if, you know, I like to, anybody that has a chronic lung disease component or any sort of cardiac component, just complying with your medications.  So a lot of the childcare centers aren't open yet, but those that are taking care of children are the first responders and the healthcare workers. And then as the other daycares start opening up, these are things that we need to be aware of and start ahead of time in taking action to develop plans. So one of the good resources that y'all probably already know is a local childcare resource and referral agency at childcare of America and I'll have a resource sheet for that. But you're going to clean and disinfect anybody that's coughing and sneezing, including the kids, remind them to cover. If they're younger kids, you try to cover and then wash your hands afterwards. And then wearing cloth-based coverings, should we be starting to initiate going back to childcare settings? The biggest thing is babies, so children under the age of two, two and under, it can be a suffocating risk. And so we try not to use it on them. I think even the age of two and six for compliance, I know when I take care of patients in the hospital, they don't like wearing a mask if I have to transport them during that age. And so you're going to have to use some sort of guidance with that as well. And the biggest thing is anybody sick, whether it be children or staff, they need to stay home, whether they're confirmed or not, if they're sick, just to stay home. If they do get sick while they're at that childcare center, it's to keep them separate, create some sort of isolation room so that way until they can get picked up and get home, that they have that to sit in. If it's a confirmed case, you want to close off the area that you can and then open any sort of outside doors or windows and wait up to 24 hours before cleaning. So it seems like you would want to go in and clean, but there are still the droplets in the air and they need to settle and you don't want to be exposed to those. And if this is COVID, you're going to have to wear an N95 mask and those are masks that the public don't have, that's for us as healthcare workers that we're using. And so you've got to wait up to 24 hours. If let's say you found out that an individual was sick and this is seven days later, you don't need to kind of go through that process though, because everything's already kind of dissipated that virus. But you want to follow the CDC guidance on how to clean and disinfect so you can click on the link. You can look at CDC guidance for child care centers. They'll get you to the EPA guidelines. And then returning to work for sick staff members or other members or children, you've got to follow and adhere to these guidelines. And so these are three guidelines. These are ands. These are not ors. But if you have at least three days have passed a resolution of fever without the use of fever reducing medications and you have the improvement in respiratory symptoms, so your cough and shortness of breath are improving and your fever has been gone and at least seven days has passed since symptoms first appeared, then you can have that clearance to go.  So let's say that you're taking care of health care or first care responders. You want to make sure that you cohort those children of the health care and first care responders together. Also just for every child is that if they're napping, you want them to nap head to toe with meat with the mat six feet apart. And so if you can't spread them six feet apart, at least put them head to toe and you're going to get some distance and then try to get that distance as much you can in between. Having daycare gatherings right now would not be, you can obviously spread the disease. So any sort of events, festivals, you don't want to do any of that. So just like for food, they're having curbside pickup drop off. This is sort of the same thing that we're thinking about is having a curbside drop off situation for when you're sending kids out as opposed to having individuals come in, especially if it's health care, first care responders that are coming to pick up their kids. Admin staff that they're not dealing with children, they may continue to work from home and intensifying cleaning and disinfection efforts. So right now it's talking together about your child care setting or your school setting and what sort of plans you're needing to make to develop right now. And you want to also not overwork your staff. And so understanding that people are still going to, as things open up, there's that potential people are still going to get sick. So try to have good backup plans so that you have that appropriate coverage so people aren't overworked. As far as other tips for cleaning and sanitizing toys, the biggest thing is don't share. And if it can't be cleaned, don't use. And if it's soiled, put it in a container that's labeled soiled until it can be cleaned. Children's books or envelopes, papers, any of that other stuff, fortunately the CDC says those aren't considered high-risk so you don't have to worry about trying to figure out a way to separate those or clean those. But the bedding, it's important to disinfect often so weekly and then keeping everything together for that one child in a labeled bag. And so looking at drop-off procedures a little bit more, you want to plan and create a good plan for those drop-off procedures, which means having hand hygiene stations outside or telling the families to bring their hand sanitizer so that they can clean off and do that if you don't have the capability of those resources. Placing the sign-in stations outside, cleaning those off every time that somebody uses them and then considering staggering drop-off time. So if you have a healthcare or first responder, maybe those kids of those individuals can come in a little bit earlier and you cohort them and get them over to the room a little bit sooner. And then screening, asking about fever, asking about symptoms and really encouraging parents that we cannot bring in those sick kids that we need to be protective and leave them at home. So I'm going to do a Q&A at the end because I want to make sure I talk about everything because I still have to talk about RSV and then asthma, which is really close to my heart. But RSV bronchiolitis, so this is what I see in the hospital when I take care of kids. And then oftentimes we can see as they're getting sicker and sicker that I'm having to send them to the ICU for higher level of care. So this is an aggressive virus as well. And we have to think about not just RSV but influenza, peroin influenza, metanumovirus. There's plenty of these viruses that act similarly to RSV, but RSV is kind of one of the more predominant. We know that approximately 57,000 children are affected a year. And when we say that a child has bronchiolitis, it's for children that are age two or younger. So those that are above age two, I still see them hospitalized. We call it more of a viral pneumonia due to RSV or any of the other viruses. Who's at highest risk? So it's children that are less than six months or if they have a preterm history, and let's say they're nine months, but they were born preterm and finally made it over, their immune system may not be as robust or lungs may have been affected by prematurity. So you always have to keep that in mind. For RSV, winter, fall and spring are the predominant times. Even we see RSV, influenza, metanumovirus still start to traverse now into the spring and then sometimes the summer. So it's pretty scary that these viruses linger longer. And even with COVID, we're concerned how much longer that we're going to endure this. So you can see the symptoms are very similar to COVID, runny nose, cough, wheezing. They're not wanting to eat. Their bronchiol is that small airway.   So they're not going to eat as well. And so the transmission, same sort of thing, contact and droplet. And so wiping everything is important. And understanding coughing and sneezing is going to spread it. And so the biggest thing I've already reiterated this is hand washing. But even after using the toilet, changing the diaper, the diaper changing areas need to be cleaned. After you help wipe somebody's nose or if they're the kids are playing the sandbox or they're playing with water, cleaning their hands and doing all those appropriate things to protect them and other individuals around them.  I can't reiterate that more. The healthchildren.org website is a great website. And they tell you about how to promote good hygiene in the child care centers as well. And so ideally you want to sink in every room. But if you don't have that, at least separate out your food handling sinks from your toilets or diaper changing areas, having those disposable paper towels, not keeping a towel there that you're constantly using because that can be a night is to spread infant and toddlers, they put things in their mouth, you got to sanitize, you got to look at those door cabinet handles, drinking fountains, all the surfaces and clean those. And so everything that you can think about. And then it's important to really reiterate, fully immunizing your staff and the kids, you know, making a requirement. I'm a pediatrician. I know that vaccines are important.  You know, these are things that are important. The flu vaccine extremely important that we need to enforce. Okay, so moving along to asthma and the child care setting.  And this is the case. When they come to my hospital, this is what I hear on history is that, you know, whatever age it be, but more close to y'all that are a lot of individuals that are listening, we have a four year old boy, he has asthma. He's noted to come into daycare with some cough, progressing throughout the day. Now he's starting to work hard to breathe. He's playing outside and he seems more short of breath than any of these other classmates.  And I don't really know what to do because I don't have a plan, but I have this inhaler. So, you know, we need an asthma action plan.  She's unable to get them to the primary care. She doesn't have the out of pocket expense to pay for it because she doesn't have the insurance. And so and she's thought that he got better.  Social wise, he lives with his parents. There's a genetic component of asthma. So there's three siblings. They all have asthma. They live in an apartment and and there's multiple exposures we have to think about. They have a cat and a father and a father that smokes but outside, but we got to think about the second hand smoke. So why this hits me hard is that there's over 6 million children in the U.S. with asthma. That's one in 12. And then if I think about I take care of a large med Medicaid population, the lower socioeconomic population, that's where I see them come in. And that's one in 10 that are affected by asthma. And we'll talk about that. That's multifactorial. And why that happens is concerning because we can help them. We know that the black population has a little bit higher incidence. And then if we think about within the state of Texas, so for those who are listening within the state of Texas as of 2016 17 from the Texas Department of State and Health Services, we have new data that we have over 57,000 outpatient visits with active asthma symptoms. These aren't preventative care visits and almost 6000 inpatient visits. So we're seeing so many kids and we know that prevalence. So if they're below the federal poverty level, if it's like a family of four, if that family of four makes less than about 22,000, their risk of having asthma is higher at 10.5 as opposed to those that make more money and that are above 250% of the federal poverty level. The thing that hits me hard as well is the cost. And if they look at Medicaid and the cost, we're almost at $173 million spent. So that's missed days from work, missed days from school, hospitalization costs, outpatient costs, Bear County alone $18 million has spent on pediatric asthma. The one thing that hits even further is that within Bear County 2015 2016, we got together, we didn't have that robust data, but we were able to talk to enough pediatric ICU docs and we found that there were four deaths. And then I got the Texas Department of State and Health Services and 100 children died of asthma and no child should die of asthma. This is a disease that's preventable with the appropriate control. You can see for those that live within Bear County, the darker means the higher incidence. And so some of these lower socioeconomic areas, this is what you're looking at, at more higher incidences of having hospitalization rates for children with asthma. So that becomes concerning as well, knowing your areas of town and what your resources are. And so to put COVID and asthma together real briefly, we know and we're hearing that chronic lung diseases as well as cardiac diseases can put that individual at higher risk for hospitalization. It doesn't mean if you have asthma, you have a higher risk of contracting COVID, but let's say you have uncontrolled asthma and you develop COVID, you can have worse or symptoms. And shortness of breath is, as I showed you all, a COVID symptom, but it's also in the asthma symptom. And so during this time, it's going to be hard to delineate whether it's from COVID or asthma. Some of y'all may have read a New York Times article that questions they're right now seeing from what data that they're able to obtain, but it's really early on that maybe asthma patients aren't affected as adversely. And I think you have to take that with a grain of salt. We know our lower socioeconomic families may not be presenting and getting tested for COVID. And so we don't know how bad their symptoms are. But realizing what the effects of COVID and asthma are, are these MDI uses. And so COVID, we try to limit the spread to healthcare workers. Obviously, that's where the N95 mask comes in, but also how we spread those droplets. And so COVID patients, if they are needing a treatment such as Albuterol, we really have to limit that by not giving them a NED because that's going to spread the droplets. And so we're having to use MDIs on those individuals. What that means is that we may develop a shortage. And so you may be hearing about that in the community that there's potential shortages. Hopefully as things start to taper off, we can worry less. But that's still a hot topic is that our MDIs for the general population with asthma may be on a shortage. And so enforcing the use of controller medications, that's what our SA Kids Breathe was doing prior to being called off to the COVID response team. They were calling families of uncontrolled asthmatics to enforce that they need to be using that controller medication, which is not Albuterol, but that inhaled steroid, that flow vent, Q bar. You'll hear about those different medications. And then understanding what's going on in the home environment, which we'll talk about in a minute. But what I'd like to really reiterate, and you all are going to hear about trauma informed and social determinants in lectures later on today, is understanding this model that in the center, you have this person, this child, what their age is, what their race is, any sort of constitutional factors, mental health, and you have individual lifestyle factors, what's happening in their environment smoking or any of the things that you can think about. And then you have what's their social and community networks surrounding them. And then you have their work environments, their living conditions, their education, their healthcare services, even water and sanitation, depending upon where they live, surrounding that. And then what's going on in the general socioeconomic cultural environmental conditions. We know in San Antonio, there's non attainment, the air quality has been deemed not the best. We know COVID is going on around the world. And so we have to be thinking about those things. But social determinants. So those are employment, housing, education, what their health literacy is, what they understand about a certain disease process. And if they have money, economic stability to afford, you know, buying food or, you know, what their social, social context of do they have those resources to help them or do they understand they have resources to help them. And a lot of them, a lot of individuals, they don't remember to get the insurance re updated. And if you don't do that, then you're lagging, you can't get those healthcare resources. And so that leads to increased morbidity and mortality and what your life expectancy is. So you have to seek to understand why that mom with that four year old son, you know, wasn't able to bring him, him back, you know, do she have other kids to pick up and, and she didn't have the funds to pay for things. And so those socioeconomic stressors you can see here, even individuals have lack of transportation, they're using the bus system. And those end up with going to the or the primary care for a non preventative visit for an acute care visit for being sick. And, and on top of that, if you think about the environmental allergens that perhaps they haven't been educated on, they don't know they don't have that knowledge about asthma. They have multiple caregivers, we don't have an asthma action plan, then they don't understand what's going on, why, which medication is quick relief, which medication is a controller. So there's inconsistencies in care. And then, and then later on today, adverse childhood experience is also weighs in. And so if an adverse childhood events has happened to a child or multiple types of events have to happen to a child, then that may increase their propensity to develop something such as asthma. So you can see on this chart here, that you have a propensity to develop any of these COPD, arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, but asthma, if you have four plus, then your likelihood to develop health, health conditions of asthma is much higher. And so we know that it affects the brain and then affects the body in an adverse way to cause these problems. We also have to think about environments and asthma and disease. So just for diseases worldwide, we know that 26% of the disease burden is attributable to the environment, according to the World Health Association. And then 16% in the United States, because we have a little bit more control measures. But for asthma, 44% of the disease burden worldwide is attributable to the environment. And that includes the U.S. And that excludes pollen and approximately half is from indoor exposures. And so the indoor exposures that we think about are secondhand smoke.  And so even though somebody smokes outside, which is better than smoking inside, we know that that's a major trigger. And then the cleaning agents, when I walk into some of the houses of the SA Kids Breeds families, I can smell the fabuloso, that strong scent and you think it elicits cleanness, but it actually elicits asthma exacerbations. And so you have to think about all those scented plugins. And then the furred pets, the dust mites, cockroaches, rodents, molds, a lot of things that we commonly see. Outdoor pollutants, I talked about being in non-attainment. And so the small particulate matter, as well as the ozone, all weigh in and causing triggers for the asthma to be uncontrolled. And then on top of that, we have pollens and outdoor moles. We know that oat came in. But to think about your environment right now, while maybe perhaps your daycare center is not open, go through that process of having a walkthrough program. So I was trying to find some beautiful pictures. Wisconsin had some good ones, some good examples all lumped in together. But thinking about those furry animals and not being washed, those contain dust mites. Tennis balls to keep things from bumping into each other. If they're getting old, they're going to contain dust and allergens. And then the things to make the place smell better, they're actually more harmful than good. And so you really have to keep that in mind, the glade plug-ins. If you have a lot of clutter, that carries a lot of dust and can exacerbate asthma. If you have windows that have curtains, you've got to think about cleaning those curtains often or getting ones that are non-cloth, because that can spread dust into the air, particles in the air. And then your AC filters, your HVAC filters, you've got to change those out for the protocol or if they're dirty sooner. So think about looking at those things right now and eliciting those preventative measures. So let's go back to this child. He has no asthma action plan. He can't get to the doctor. They're waiting to reapply for insurance. And then his living conditions that he lives in. So the asthma action plan, that's at least the most important thing that we can get is a good plan to help. So his symptoms, if they're out of control and we're getting into the yellow area where we have cough, leaves, tight chest, we're waking up at night, then that gives you a plan of what you need to do as far as step-up therapy. And the National Institute of Health and Lung is making some changes to how we step up those therapies. Obviously, the expert panel had to take some time off because of COVID and couldn't have the appropriate meetings. And so you might start seeing changes in asthma action plans. But red, that means danger. So if they're breathing hard and fast, their nose is open wide, they can't talk, the medicine doesn't seem to be helping, that gives you that ability from your daycare center, your nursing center to say, look, this is where your child's at. I need a call for help. I need to call 911. I need to send them to the emergency room and get help. And so requiring every daycare center to have that or school to have that asthma action plan is truly important. And this is another resource I'm hoping to hand out at the end somehow as we work for that. But having that MDI inhaler with the spacer and giving the appropriate education. So this is from the University Children's Health System where I work and RT there was kind enough to create this. And you can see this inhaler has a face mask. And so most of your population is going to need that face mask. If they're under the age of six or under, I say they need a face mask because they're still learning how to use it. But most of the individuals aren't even learning how to use the the spacer with a face mask or don't even have one. And so learning how to do this, I'll have links QR codes where you can actually watch videos and then start to teach the children how to use this medication well. So last but not least, and I know a lot of you aren't out of San Antonio and that's okay because you need to think about what resources that you have within your area. And as we continue to develop this sort of program and this program that is in San Antonio is actually emulated from Seattle and Michigan. So we know that this program does work well and we're still in our infancy of really trying to collect data on this program. We went through our first year and we're supposed to tally up information. But Essay Kids Breathe, one of our school respiratory therapists who is a proponent in the Northeast Independent School District and improving asthma care within her school system within her community. Diane Rhodes came up. I wanted an acronym that could explain this program well. And Breathe stands for Building Relationships, Effective Asthma Teaching in Home Environments. And I think that explains it well. Kara Housler is the program manager and our program staff are currently out of the Metro Health Department and they are on a COVID response team. And so that's why I'm talking about this hiatus. But I serve as a medical advisor as well as the advisory council chair for this program. And why we have this program, this is one of the slides that I felt was impactful for you all. We know that the total number of days missed in millions from the CDC shows an insurmountable, you know, over the course of years, even we're seeing increases, we're at almost 14 million as far as data that we could collect across the United States. These are for older kids age 5 to 17. But we know that we're missing a lot of days of school. If we're missing a lot of days, then literacy goes down and then cognition development goes down. And then we lead to them not pursuing, you know, further degrees and becoming better in obtaining jobs. And so this is an entourage effect of causing problems. So the South Texas Asthma Coalition, how this developed, and I think this is why this is important to know what your resources are and how you can drive your community to be impactful. Well, in the 90s, there was individuals like my mentor, Dr. Pamela Wood, that helped form this coalition to improve the care of asthma within the South Texas. And one of the major products that they did was that asthma action plan that you saw and they required, they went out on the venture and said, look, schools, school nurses need this asthma action plan if a child has asthma and to require it. And so the stack went dormant. And then we reformed in 2018 after my mentor had really pushed me to have an asthma summit to educate school nurses about how we can better care for these children with asthma. And then at that time when I was forming this summit, Dr. Bridger at the time the director of the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District heard what was going on and provided resources from her staff because she knew that the asthma admission rates to hospitals for children were highest in San Antonio than in the state of Texas, 170% higher. And we know that if you get admitted to the hospital, the average cost is about 3,400 per child. And so what I ended up finding at this summit was that there was all these individuals, all these organizations, and you can see some of them down here that really were engaged and wanted to improve care. And so we approached city council to say, look, we have some high priority areas and you can see this map at the time was a little bit different from further collection of data that we were able to obtain. But this is kind of from around 2015 that we knew that these are some of our lower socioeconomic zip coded regions that we're having higher hospitalization rates. So we knew we had a problem. We approached city council and city council was able to fund us for a two year pilot program to send community health workers into a home to assess that child's environment, assess their social determinants, what was causing problems, and to help them. And so we have four community health workers, one supervisor who's that supervisor has been in the business for 30 years, Paul Kloppy, he is really motivated to help the community health workers get into the home and provide asthma education. He's a certified asthma educator. And we have an advisory council. So a lot of those people that were motivated on stack are brought into an advisory council and then we sit monthly and talk about the program and how we can continue to improve it. And then we have Green and Healthy Homes Initiative, GHHI, that we applied for grants. And we now this was our first grant, but we have two grants with them to build a model that we that we have have the managed care organizations fund this model so we don't continue to have the city funded. And so that's what's important is that if we prove that we're improving outcomes, we're decreasing hospital admission rates, that we can we can help children obviously from having better control, having better control of your asthma, but we can also save the managed care organization's money. And so other programs, other other cities across the United States can emulate a program such as this across the state of Texas. So eligibility three to 17, I think it's a little bit hard to diagnose children with asthma under the age of three. Right now they have to live within the city limits of San Antonio. They have to have at least one criteria. So either your one hospital admission and considered uncontrolled, you can see if they're having greater than two days of symptoms per week, or greater than two nights per month for greater than two months with asthma symptoms, then they can get into the program. Or if they have two ED visits or unscheduled urgent care visits in the past 12 months, or if they have two or more separate episodes of unscheduled school treatment visits for asthma, then you can solidify and say they keep coming back to us in the school office, or into the child care center and I'm having to give them treatments or chronic absenteeism. The biggest thing that anyone can refer, whether it be this caregiver, the childcare worker, the school nurse, so understand that, that anyone can refer. If you're referring, make sure you're letting the family know that you know this program is important and then that we can get resources. So you can see here, this is what we provide is at least five to six visits. Three to four of those go into the home and assess how they're using their inhaler. Do they have an asthma action plan? What their home environment looks like, just like we had pictures of the school environment. So one of the homes that I was able to go in on a visit, I've been in on a few visits, I walked up to the home, it was a housing, a home, housed by San Antonio Housing Authority. Two doors down was secondhand smoke that I could easily breathe as I walked into the home. As I walked in, the air didn't smell as good. And the first things that we looked at were the HVAC filter, which was full of mold and dust. And then the heater system was full of dust and mold. Mom had a newborn baby that was upstairs. The heater and the AC really weren't working well. So it was a cold day and she had that one heater up there where the baby was. And you could tell that she was even having problems breathing. She had asthma. And we reached out and talked to her and understood just simply by trying to remove her from that environment. She said that she had to prop the door open on warmer days. The cats from the neighbors would get in. So she had all this insult. She fortunately had contacted the Housing Authority. They were able to, and we had sent a letter as well, and able to move her. But these are the patients, the participants that we're seeing in the program. And that's where our community health workers know, hey, what sort of resource? Can I get them a letter or can I get them the number to the Housing Authority? Or if they have food insecurities, can we get them over the food bank? Or even the food bank helps with applications for Medicaid? Can we do all those things to help them? The biggest thing is that this is provided to them at no cost. And that's where we need to reiterate that. And so you can see the education and services because we're running out of time, but they teach how to use the device more than once, go through the Asthma Action Plan, go through their medications, and then they go back to the primary care and the school nurses or childcare provider, and they go and visit with them, with that child and the parent, and let them know what's going on in their environment so that we can understand that and we can help them to their best. And so that's what we're trying to do, like I said, reduce hospitalization rates, ED visits, miss days from the school because we need them learning, we need them growing up to be smart kids that are going to pursue further degrees and have better job opportunities. And so, uh-huh. And then, uh-huh. We're going to have to take questions in a minute. These are some of the resources. Fantastic. Yep. And so, they take facts and phone referrals. You cannot email referral. It's not HIPAA related, but if you have questions, you've got this opportunity to do that. This is a great program. I hope that you guys have learned a lot. If we have any questions, I'm going to let Kathy moderate. Okay. Thank you so much, Dr. Svatic. This was fantastic. asthma is one of those things that we realized was getting worse because of the COVID-19 crisis, particularly with children home, with stay at home, with the stay at home orders, where they're exposed to the triggers that they may not be exposed to all day. So there were a lot of excellent comments. The major question revolves around, can they get your excellent slides, the asthma plan? Absolutely yes. We will figure out how to get everything to you all afterwards. So that's the most important thing. Yeah. I actually created a resource page. I'm hoping to get that to you guys so that has links to the internet to make it simpler. The slides, I'd love to share. Thank you. I love hearing about excellent. And then I actually, from one of our summits, tried to take out some pieces and put in some pieces that were pertinent to you guys as far as resources that we can PDF send over. So we're working on that. I'm hoping we can do that. We're trying to figure that all out, but we will get it to you because they truly are excellent. One quick question. Are infants more at risk for RSV if they've had it previously? So what I do see is that if they've gotten one illness from bronchiolitis, so whether it be RSV influenza, parainfluenza, we do see at times that they're more prone to get another virus that can cause those same symptoms of bronchiolitis. And we do see repeat offenders, they've had RSV when they were, let's say, six months old. And now that they're two, they have RSV again. So it is possible. We know that RSV can potentially cause lung remodeling and may lead to asthma in the future. And so we advise kids, kids' parents on that as well. And so that's, that's a great question. Okay. The other one is, how do you disinfect an isolation room when there's no ventilation, no windows? Yeah.  So those droplets have settled, they're not, they're not going to get into your lungs. Just go in and, and obviously be cautious wear gloves and continue to wear those face masks for right now until the CDC tells us otherwise and then do use your EPA provided cleaners. Super. The only, the other question, and there, many of them were lumped together, well kids over 10 or do kids over 10 need to wear a mask all day? I, at this point, yes, we advise that, especially if the childcare centers are opening up and we're still, the CDC is saying still continue to social distance as much as you can. Those kids even San Antonio is saying 10 and up need to wear a mask if, for whatever reason, they're out in the public, which, you know, they shouldn't, shouldn't be, but advising that 10 and up need to wear a mask. And again, it's not a hospital mask because we need those for staff. You can look at the resources on the CDC, even folding up a t-shirt. It's really neat and taking two rubber bands really creative that you can make your own mask. And after a day's use, or if you're touching it, or it gets, gets dirty, it's got to go, it's got to be cleaned. And you can put it in the wash. Yeah. The other, the other question is, what is your full name? And I believe it's on the bottom of one of the slides. Dr. Mandy Alice Tbil Svatek, UT Health Pediatrics in San Antonio, but I believe it's on the bottom of the slide. And we can always get that to you. Right. Or just my name, but we'll get it to you. Yeah. So my question, you can see some of my roles. SA Kids Breeze, San Antonio Asthma Coalition with UT Health. I work at University Hospital. I'm a pediatric hospitalist.  Fortunately, we haven't had any COVID positive cases of kids. We've had had persons under investigation. Those have fortunately been negative at this point. We're hoping to keep it that way with the social distancing. And what are the best cleaning products to use in a child care setting? Right. I would reference the EPA cleaning resources. So that cleaning resource guide will give you a direct link to the child care center agency recommendations for the environmental protection agency cleaning products that you need to be using because there's many products on the market. So the best resource is going to that resource that I sent to you all and clicking on it and finding those best resources to start cleaning up your environment. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you, Kathy. Very, very important topic. And we will see you back in about 10, 15 minutes. Thank you all. Thank you.