Hello and welcome to the lecture on LED structures. Learning outcome of this session. By the end of the session student will be able to illustrate different structures of light emitting diodes. You may pause here the video and enlist the desirable properties of LED as a optical source. I hope you have enlisted the desirable properties. High intensity or radiance. High efficiency. Low power consumption. High reliability. Narrow spectrum. Less response time are some of the desirable properties of the LED as a optical source. The LED structures. Mainly there are five major types of LED structures and these are planar LEDs, dome LEDs, surface emitter LEDs, edge emitter LEDs, super luminescent LEDs or SLDs. We will discuss each structure in detail. Out of these five LED structures only surface emitter LED, edge emitter LED, super luminescent LED have found extensive use in optical fiber communications as these are highly intense and have high efficiency and reliable in comparison with the other two types of structures. The other two structures that is planar LED and dome LEDs find more applications as cheap plastic encapsulated visible devices for use in areas as intruder alarms, TV channel changers and industrial counting etc and so on. The first LED structure is planar LED. The planar LED is the simplest of the structures that are available and fabricated by either liquid or vapor phase epitaxial processes over the whole surface of gallium arsenide substrate. This involves a p-type diffusion into n-type substrate in order to create the junction as shown in figure number 1. Forward current flows through the junction gives lamratian spontaneous emission and the device emits light from all the surfaces. However, only a limited amount of light escapes the structure due to total internal reflection and therefore radiance is low. This low radiance results in non-intense emission which is not a desirable property of an optical source. Next LED structure is dome LED. The structure of a typical dome LED is shown in figure number 2. A hemisphere of n-type gallium arsenide material is formed around a diffused p-type region. The diameter of the dome is chosen so that maximum amount of internal emission reaching the surface within the critical angle of gallium arsenide and air interface. Hence, this device has a higher external power efficiency than the planar LED. However, the geometry of the structure is such that the dome must be far larger than the active recombination area which gives a greater effective emission area and thus reduces the radiance resulting in non-intense emission which does not meet the desirable property of an optical source. The next LED structure is surface emitter LEDs. A method for obtaining high radiance is to restrict the emission to a small active region within the device. The technique pioneered by Boris and Dawson with homostructure devices was to use an etched well in a gallium arsenide substrate in order to prevent heavy absorption of the imitated radiations and physically to accommodate the fiber. These structures have a low thermal impedance in active region allowing high current densities and giving high radiance emission into the optical fiber. The structure of a high radiance etched well double hetero junction surface emitter for 0.8 to 0.9 micrometer wavelength band is shown in figure number 3. In figure number 3, you can observe etched well area. Furthermore, considerable advantage may be obtained by employing double hetero junction structures giving increased efficiency from electrical and optical confinement as well as less absorption of the imitated radiations. This type of surface emitter LED has been widely employed within optical fiber communications. The internal absorption in this device is very low due to larger band gap confining layers and the reflection coefficient at the back crystal phase is high giving good forward radiance. The emission from the active layer is essentially isotropic although the external emission distribution may be considered lambretian with a beam width of 120 degrees due to refraction from a high to a low refractive index at gallium arsenide and fiber interface. The next LED structure is edge emitter LEDs. Another basic high radiance structure currently used in optical communications is a strip geometry double hetero junction edge emitter LEDs. This device has a similar geometry to a conventional contact strip injection laser which is shown in figure number 4. It takes advantage of transparent guiding layers with a very thin active layer of 50 to 100 micrometers in order that the light produced in active layer spread into transparent guiding layers to reduce self-absorption in the active layer. The consequent wave guiding narrows the beam divergence to a half power width of around 30 degrees in the plane perpendicular to the junction. However, the lack of waveguiding in the plane of junction gives a lambretian output with a half power width of around 120 degrees which is shown in figure number 4. In figure number 4 you can observe the angle of 120 degrees. Most of the propagating light is emitted at one end phase only due to reflectors on the other end phase and anti-reflection coating on the emitting end phase. The effective radiance at the emitting end phase can be very high giving an increased coupling efficiency into small numerical aperture fibers compared with the surface emitters. However, surface emitters generally radiate more power into air than the edge emitter LEDs. Since the emitted light is less affected by the reabsorption and interfacial recombinations, comparisons have shown that edge emitter LEDs couple more optical power into low numerical aperture fibers than surface emitting LEDs whereas opposite is true for large numerical aperture fibers. The enhanced waveguiding of the edge emitter LEDs enables it to couple 7.5 times more power into low numerical aperture fiber than a comparable surface emitter LED. The last structure is super luminescent LEDs or referred as SLD. Another device geometry which is providing sufficient benefits over the both surface emitter LEDs and edge emitter LEDs for communication applications is the super luminescent diode or SLDs. This device offers advantages like high output power, directional output beam, narrow spectral line width. All of these are the desirable properties of LED as a optical source and all of these advantages prove useful for coupling significant optical power into optical fiber in particular to the single mode fibers. Figure number five shows the construction of aluminum gallium arsenide contact strip super luminescent LED structure. It may be observed that the structure is very similar to those of edge emitter LEDs. For operation the injected current is increased until stimulated emission and hence amplification occurs. But because there is a high loss at one end of the device no optical feedback takes place. Therefore, although there is amplification of the spontaneous emission no laser oscillation builds up. However, operation in the current region for stimulated emission provides gain causing the device output to increase rapidly. This increase is with increase in drive current due to what is effectively single pass amplification. High optical power can therefore be obtained together with a narrowing of the spectral width which also results from the stimulated emissions. Although incoherent optical power output from the SLD can approach that of the coherent output from injection lasers. The required current density is substantially higher by around a factor of three times. Necessating high drive currents due to the long device active lens that is due to larger areas. These are the references. Thank you.


by Vanissi amazing and the second hour of the show, this is J.C. Saku. We started the show at 10 a.m. Mwatuwa na uliza rada ni ganitulianza sanne. We started at our ala bani. You're still with us. Thank you so much. You made the right decision. This is J.C. Saku. My name is Mira Marsava, the host to the Holy Ghost. Across all social media platforms, you can interact with me at Miriam Masawa, Mwanzangupale. Yes, the president is my name. Also, find me on all social media platforms at Nix the president. And yeah, it's Easter Sunday, a special edition of J.C. Saku. Clearly Christ is risen and he reigns forever more. Just the word of the word of God says that his throne shall endure forever. It has no end, it's alpha or mega. So after we do it, you know what, it does not have an end. He's risen and he reigns in our lives, in our hearts, even on this show. He is the king of king and his name is Jesus Christ. And I want to appreciate our guests for the day. Hey, she has played some sweet, sweet melody. If I have to be given any instrument to play, to save my life, I want to assure you that we'll not be possible. But she did it so well and we really appreciate her. Vanisi or actually the gifted one, the one who does not fear crowds, but faces the crowds and decides to worship the Lord in the middle of the streets. My goodness, Vanisi, how are you? I'm fine. Welcome to the issue. I'm fine, I'm fine. Fana, happy Easter to you. Happy Easter. Thank you. What is the Lord speaking to you during this Easter? The Lord is telling me I'm free and free indeed. You're free. Yeah, by his blood that he shed on Calvary. Hallelujah. You're in the spirit. In that part of the blood you are in the spirit. Let us talk about you a little bit. Who is Vanisi? Vanisi is a gospel artist, a worshiper based in Nairobi. A worshiper minister? Yes. And you are a good combination of one who worships and together with an instrument but where did the journey begin from? The journey, it's a very long story. Can you tell a story by show? I hope you know that. But the journey started when I was very young, singing in Sunday school and enjoying singing and making people go in the prayers of the Lord at a very young age. So when I grew up I would always dream of singing and singing and singing and worshiping and singing. Is that a point you began now learning guitar? Is there also other instruments that you play? No, no, no. I play only this one. This one is what I love with all my heart. When did you learn? How was the learning process for you? Where did you get the passion to play the guitar? Okay, I loved guitar because I could work with it, not like piano, you know. So I chose guitar because I can carry it, I can play wherever I am, wherever I am. So I said I want to learn but now I learnt through YouTube tutorials. Serious? Yes. I think two years ago is when I decided let me try this but it was a tough one. But I thank God for this one. No, with ladies, people usually don't imagine that ladies can play instrument, especially guitar. Nakuwa nga guitar na drums. When I say my ladies, I know no, but ladies can play keyboard. Yeah, easy things that doesn't need strength about this one. There are these strengths. It's tactic. Yeah, it is because I mean if you see my fingers right now they'll tell you something else. Yeah, I cannot. You can't let those girls know. You'll have to cut them, those nails, cut those out, you know. So that you hold these chords visuri. Which is your favourite hymn that you've ever played? My favourite song or hymn or cover that you've ever played. Oh, I love Jesus Fade It all so much. And I've seen it on Instagram, on your feed. Play for us. Oh right, okay.  Her Instagram, as you continue the show, people should check her out on her Instagram. Yes. And hopefully YouTube should be having also the same videos because wow. That is remarkable. Yes. Thank you, thank you. Jesus Fade It All? Next, mention your Instagram page. What is your handle? VA Anuskon Nisi. And IWS Waiva Nisi. VA Anuskon Niswa. And are those two names or other? Is your official name? Yes, it is. I'm Vanisi. It's just that I... You put the underscore? Yes, understood. You separate the two. You separate the two. I don't know Instagram, but Instagram always needs that kind of underscore. So I had to put it in VA Niswa. And on your Instagram page, I'm sad that you do so well out there on the streets. You don't fear the crowds. You perform in the streets and you've done a number of songs there and they're doing so well. But I'm curious, what pushed you to go to the streets? And were you not afraid of the crowds? Let me tell you. Let me tell you. Anyway. Yeah, the fear is always there because you were asking God, are you sure you want to send me there where people are busier in their phones? They are thinking in their deep thoughts. So I was like, Lord, I just want to go and sing as much as I want to sing to bless someone, bless me too. I want to be the partake of that blessing. So with all the fear that I was like, let me swallow it for just five minutes for just five minutes and try. So after that, it was the best feeling I've ever had because I find people they are moving, they are singing along and I was like, Lord, take all the glory. How was the first day you did that? The first one, it was tough. It was really tough because I was so afraid. I thought maybe they will throw me. They throw me now and they will be like, Kera Rahia. But it was just something that I needed to try to try just once and see what will happen but it was really tough. Have you ever been approached randomly in the streets? Yeah. Like, maybe they will throw me. Oh, they will throw me now. I have. But mostly on my socials, they are like, you sing for me, they will throw me. So that is the playlist I will go and practice during the week and then on a day like this, I will go and sing. So today you are also going to sing. Yeah. And when you are up, you go to kufuwati. 20. 20. I'm dropping your location. But they should tell people so that they can't come and watch you as well. Yeah. But you're raising a sound in the middle of the city is not easy. Amen. Kutkatia stao. Why? Kwa city. Kwanzaa fukunama principality zake. But anyway, are you planning to do your own song? Maybe. Yes. Do a record. Do a number for us. Yes, I am. I want to do an event of my own.  So that now we meet and we see each other. We worship. Now, Ilea kwa experience live. Like not on social media. No. A live minute special. Where you are writing your own song, Zama? No. Now I'm just an event. Ilea fukunama. In a place, I just call people. They come and then we watch. That's what I'm working on of late. That's what I'm planning. Yeah. We are looking forward to that here. Mugres. Mugres. I have kwa putao si kugra hiisi. But we bless the Lord that He has kept you. Amen. He has strengthened you. Apart from live administration, maybe there is something that maybe inspires you to do these with no fear. Okay. When I really see what the Lord has done, I feel like the only thing that I have to offer just singing or worshiping. When the media of it have you ever received a testimony? A testimony not yet. Not yet. But I know the Lord is doing something. That's what I believe. People should reach out. Yeah. People should reach out. Planning to go other towns. Yeah. I don't know Nairobi. To kupelikeldi. To kupelikeokosto. It's a challenge. It's a challenge. Maybe someone contacts you. Hey, Mugres, you come LD. Yeah. Most of the people are in texts from different places. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. The DMs are like all over there. Yeah. And what is that one thing when you're in the streets and singing because we can see some of your videos people coming joining others start worshiping. What is that one thing that maybe you recall and say I didn't expect that to happen. Maybe somebody came and did this. Can you remember a moment that you hold dearly because of when you are singing on the streets and maybe the reactions? Oh yeah. Okay. There's this specific sentence that I was not feeling at all. I was like, Lord, I don't know where to do this. The songs I'm not feeling them. I was really down. I was like, I have to sing. So when I went there I started singing. I started singing and still people they were still not reacting yet. And then when I was in them I just decided to sing this song called Una Weza Kufaini This Kisweli song. So then it was like I was calling them. They care. They sat down. They started singing. Other they were praying. I was like, oh my God. Just read the best feeling. I will tell God thank you. Yeah. Yeah. That was the best. Amazing. We really bless the Lord for that testimony. Yes, now as we finalize this and wrap it up maybe can just share your social media and how people can support you if you need any form of support. Palen. My social everywhere like Facebook and Instagram is where mostly posting. It's Vanisi Uwase VA N-I-W-S-Y Uwase Yeah. But now like Ile Jinasa kusama it's Nikamaya Usani it's VA Anasko Nisi. Nisi. Yeah. On that note I would challenge you to join TikTok and be aggressive there. If you are there now I think because I came also came to see some of your videos people would download them on Instagram and share on TikTok. I think that is one platform that people are worshiping also and where you know worship is right now needed so that when you say come on medium I know Sunday say especially Sunday say wa tu wa poko wa tu wa TikTok wa poko wa na dance kabi saan all kinds of things too. Yeah. Yeah. Let's feel that gap that gap on TikTok with worship and of you know the ghost family. Mm-hmm. Yes. That's a challenge. Yeah. Thank you. Yeah. I welcome that. All right. So Instagram alone Yeah. YouTube as well. Yeah. Even YouTube it's Vanessa Uwase. Yeah. Yeah. Any any special shout outs today? Any special shout outs? Greetings or anything? Oh. Mm-hmm. Greetings to to my fund. I think those people that are the best link when I see the reaction it touches my heart deep there killing linear. Mm-hmm. Yeah. And my manager he's really doing a very great job pushing me and everything. Yeah. And my family PR everyone like I'm just speechless. Speaking of family let me take you back. How was your family's reaction when they saw you on the street? They still they're like umh I don't know you know you know I don't know my family that just those people that they it's like they're used to to me singing so even though I'm even singing where they won't mind and be like good even if you see that that's that's that's her that's her they were okay amazing. All right thank you so much Vanessa you're gonna play as one number as you finalize? Yeah. Mm-hmm which one? And that's the special request also we're gonna bada yama wherever yu unaweza Oh unaweza kufanya kufanya Ah to change I don't know if it's just me I don't know I'm telling you I don't know if it's just me we don't mind starting to speak in tongues here we shall speak in tongues we shall pray and intercede I love to be a producer bye. Anyway, go ahead. All right. Okay.


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ls prior to consent okay thank you for that there's no further questions for mr redmond will say thank you very much again for taking the time to speak to us and for coming in and for being so patient in waiting so thank you very much well thank you okay next we are joined by uh representative of the parish council who i believe is joining us virtually do we have councillor jessica marshal from commonson parish council you do thank you good afternoon hi good afternoon and thank you for joining us uh first question i need to ask is do you have the permission of the parish council to represent their views here today i do good good start so as with the other speakers councillor will give you three minutes to address the committee at the end of which there may be some questions for yourself so if you can stay on the line that'll be helpful thank you very much the site is a site of interest to the parish council not only because it has been subject to multiple um planning applications in the past which have been refused but because it is um situated part partially within the pvaa and on the edge of a conservation area within our village the centre of our village has um a pvaa which is called the green lungs of combaton and this one's all the way from the north down to the south in in the conservation area on swains lane and the aim of the green lungs is to provide the village with this nice green belt part of land um which brings wildlife right into the centre of our village including as it has been mentioned um a very ancient badger set which is immediately adjacent to this site um we are very concerned to disturb this badger set and we we hope that that is something that will be taken into full consideration also linking the northern part of our village to the southern part of our village are some very ancient footways and this footpath is one of these it's um a green footpath it is well used it has wide um grass area in this part of it and until recently also enjoyed views over the pvaa part of the village more recently um ffensing has been erected which um does partially obscure some of this view and that is um shown in this application and the application shows that the um dwelling will exceed the height of this fence the other area of concern for the parish council is um that the path proposed um public footpath will be running over the driveway of this new dwelling and there is therefore no space for a car to adequately pass by this footpath and putting another dwelling on in this area is going to add to um a dangerous situation bringing more cars onto this public right of way um especially once you consider things such as wheelie bins etc um on this footpath area and cars moving around another area of concern is that on the plans is shown that heat pump will be within the pvaa and we are very mindful that that should be brought to your attention we are also concerned about the um ancient the trees significant trees on this piece of land and they are part of the um development easing into the conservation area we are concerned that um building near to these trees is going to have an adverse effect on them and that the root system is going to be quite large as a parish council we have received petition um from local neighbours in wittons close and i want to bring that to your attention because there is significant um objection to this planning application and um it is it is not the case that there is significant um uh um desire to have it here although there have been some positive comments as well councillor marty if you could sum up please we're over time okay thank you very much so um those are the the factors that i i wish you to consider um with this application thank you very much great thank you very much councillor um members do you have any questions of clarification for the parish councillor no i don't see any so again councillor marty will thank you very much for taking the time to speak to us today um with that members we will move on to our final public speaker who is one of the local members and i believe is also joining us online councillor Lisa redrup are you with us Lisa ah yes hi hi there yeah we can see in here you fine thank you for joining us and thank you as well for being so patient in waiting for your slot um so as with the other public speakers you have three minutes to give your views to the committee at the end of which there may be some questions of clarification for you from committee members so if you could stay on the line that would be great so please whenever you're ready okay um thank you very much and thanks for allowing me to speak i'm here to represent some of the views that i've i've been sent um and i'd like to ask you to please consider carefully the the objections that have been raised in response to the application which as you've heard of focus on the impact that this proposed development would have on the conservation area and the protected village immunity area um this concern that the proposal might harm the conservation area through further urbanization of the village rather than sustain or enhance the conservation area and also that it offers no overriding public benefit for example the proposal includes removal of four meters of hedging along barton road so affecting the appearance from outside the property um and it also may erode the rural look and character of the north end of the public footpath by opening up a section for vehicular access through a driveway and adjacent parking area and also there's the new house which although single story does have a large footprint there's also concern that it would impact on the tranquility and character of the protected village immunity area by developing land immediately adjacent to it and so losing the undeveloped area between the pva and the existing housing the southern edge of the new house is planned to be directly along the boundary of the pva and as we've already heard the soak away and air source heat pump are planned to be within it so it does seem that there could be disturbance or damage both during construction and beyond there's also concern that development could adversely impact the protected mature oak trees in the adjacent pva both immediately by disrupting their roots and in the future if occupants of the new house want them reduced or removed for example due to shading or interference of the roots with the foundations um I've also been been emailed about concern about impact on wildlife which feeds I guess feeds into the desire to maintain green areas within the village many different species have been seen in the vicinity including birds of prey the badgers and great crested newts and I've also had reports that neighbours have seen badgers or badger activity in the direct area and so there has been a request that badger sets are not disturbed uh lastly I'd just like to say that the level of concern felt is indicated by the number of people who've taken the time to have their objections noted and so I again ask that you please consider the impact that this proposal would have thank you very much thank you very much councillor red rip that's very clear um committee members do we have any questions of clarity for the local member no I don't see any that was very clear Lisa so thank you very much for taking the time to address us today and again thank you for your patience thank you very much bye okay members those are all the public speakers we have on that item so we're now going to move to the debate section of proceedings so this is an opportunity for members to put your views forward or equally if we have any further questions for officers we can ask them as well so members I will throw open to you and kicking us off is councillor Sanford thank you chair um late yesterday evening I received a representation from over the public against this proposed development uh I haven't had a chance to look at it in detail but he included a lot of detailed pictures of the entryways to the badger sets I'm not a badger expert but it looks like the sets actually go under the site and there's evidence of recent occupation by badgers rather calls into question the ecology survey mentioned in the report whether that is a current and be thorough that definitely sows doubts in my mind as to whether we should approve this application thank you thank you for those thoughts yeah I think I think a lot of many committee members have been contacted by concerned residents so it's worth um it's worth putting that out in the public domain um whether members wish to refer to that not in their comments I'll completely leave up to you um so we've heard from Peter we're now going to hear from Martin Cohn please I also received this representation of the gun in a badger set so um it is certainly a matter of concern um uh I went out yesterday actually to look at the site on the site and have a look at it um the he proposed three locations including one proposed the in the middle of the site there was no evidence of any activity in the middle of the site of where the actual building is going to be there's certainly nothing active there um the as you heard in report the the the suggestion was that the existing the activity on the boundary was only a short distance tunnel but uh we can't be sure that's why I asked about the socoway because that seems to be the site which might cause some problems and wanted to know whether that would be a constraining in the building development it appears that it wouldn't I'm not I might want to have advice from the planters whether if they change the socoway location that would require separate planning commission or approval but I think we need to take concern about that uh other legislation means that if a badger set is starts to be disturbed you'd have to stop development because that's protected by other legislation from planning legislation so um we really need to think what would happen if that that occurred um were it to be approved um and that's a consideration that I would want to were we to approve it I would want to be considered in in in terms of conditions that we might we might apply okay so picking up on those two points and so I think your first question was around uh should the proposed socoway need to be moved to a different location would that then need to come back to planning or could that be done without planning so I'll ask officers that first I don't um Phil if you can answer that or yeah I'm happy to see that up chair um given the extent of the site I imagine it would still be within the redline area anyway so I can't imagine that it's going to fall outside of the land that's being indicated for the development so I don't think that would be a problem for or okay and then I think the second question um uh was around the badger set if it turned out during construction the badger there was a badger set beneath the site and it would be disturbed due to construction would construction need to cease I think was your question I was almost stating that the other legislation would cover that but I was really talking about the socoway area which is the only area which seems to me likely that there will be a problem from the from from the information we have okay understood um but I think yeah as officers have said they could move the socoway without the needs to come back for full planning permission um okay we next have councillor's fein and then Heather Williams thank you Chairman as it was pointed out to us there have been quite a few applications clear to me whether it's uh three or five but uh regardless I don't think that should be seen as a problem the fact that an applicant seeks to amend their proposals to take account of previous concerns and then indeed goes to pre-app uh should be seen I think as a as a benefit uh and the resulting building is clearly of low impact design that is low energy which I think is particularly important in current circumstances um it is single story and I think 1.4 meters above the level of the the fence between there and the uh footpath and has a green roof now look at the impact firstly on the come back to the pva in a minute but on the conservation area we have the assessment of our conservation officer 615 um as I said due to the levels of the site and the proposed sedum roof impact from the surrounding area would be minimal and the key question which was raised uh for us by Mr Halford the key question is is the impact on would the proposal preserve the character and appearance of the conservation area and the conservation officer's assessment at 615 is that it is considered the proposal would preserve the character and appearance of the conservation area um there was a question raised about the impact on the trees and again that was dealt with by the council's tree officer 825 on page 100 um that in the light of the information received there is no negative material impact to trees subject to compliance documents so then we come back to the important point about the effect on the pva and the policy on that of course is summarised at 85 on page 97 um develop would not be permitted on or adjacent to the pva but there is a condition to that if it would have an adverse impact on the character amenity tranquility or function of the village and not actually of the pva itself um but I think we can interpret that as meaning on the its effect on the pva itself well the assessment by officers is that the pva positively contributes to the tranquility of this part of competent and therefore if that was disturbed presumably that would affect the tranquility or function of the village now I can see that there are some potential impacts on this uh it is clearly directly adjacent to the pva or to a part of the pva uh the council of martin carne has raised the question of the potential soakway and it's possible impact on the badger set which we are assured would not be directly affected by this um it was mentioned that it is a very sustainable building proposed uh I don't know to what extent the heat pump might have impact on the pva I guess that might depend on the type of heat pump whether this is boreholes or whether it is slinkies I mean clearly if there were slinkies going in to the pva which is perhaps a question I should have asked earlier then forgive the terminology um I think we all understand what that means here if there were slinkies going into the pva it would be very hard to conclude that that is not having an adverse impact on the character and tranquility of the pva and indeed the badger sets um but we have no evidence to to say that there are the the the heat pump would disrupt the pva so I'm afraid on this point about 85 would this have an adverse impact on the pva I really find that very difficult to assess um the assumption must be that because it is directly beside it and indeed has doors opening towards it that there is likely to be an adverse impact on the tranquility of the pva and that's the way I'm inclined to think okay thank you for that um next speaker is Councillor Heather Williams please sorry thank you chair um so yes so I do agree that you know there's nothing to stop people coming back with different proposals and there has been significant change I think the applicants have gone and made steps um to try and improve the situation for when we last saw it um but we do have to still judge it as we see it now and I think with this application a lot of it is subjective isn't it we're not it's not a rule-based system um and we're discussing harm and conserving and enhancing which is um going to mean different things to different people I think we have to have to accept that um but for myself it's policy hq1 1b says that we should be about high quality design and conserve or enhance important natural historic assets and their setting um I don't believe that this does conserve the the historic assets and the setting so we now have to ask ourselves will it enhance it um I don't consider due to the you know the design and the way the the scale of it I appreciate why it's been made a single story um but that does increase the the land footprint that it uses and equally the the materials that are proposed um I'm afraid I'm I'm going to have to agree to disagree with uh what has been put in the report for us I I do not consider that it is conserving or enhancing um the historic asset and the setting of it the other thing that we're asked to consider in these cases is about the balance between public benefit and the and the preservation I cannot see that this contributes any public benefit other than one additional market property of which I think most people say we're not short of in south cambridge uh so I I don't see a public benefit to to having this one um market house it's not affordable it's not exception sites nothing that we could warrant further public benefit um I do also believe about the detrimental impact the pbaa which has been referred to by um in our third party representations and I do do note about um as cancer fein has said about the tranquility or function of of the the village and the impacts that has um I don't believe that this additional property helps with that I think it is in contrary to that um and going back to its design part of the reason why I don't believe that it's enhancing or conserving is because we have admitted it is very modern in its appearance and modern in its nature um so for myself it's design and it being quite modern and in other places I would welcome a very modern uh design and it would fit in very nicely but when we're talking about you know where it is and heritage assets and everything else it for me it's not right so I would be looking um to actually be refusing this on very similar grounds to last time um where we had about NH11 and the protected village amenity areas laid out in the local plan HQ one on the designs and principles um and the harm to the designated heritage asset is not outweighed by the public benefit of the proposals as paragraph 193 and 196 of the MP um PPF so I appreciate that there has been work done on this um but for me it's still not right um um just because of people's efforts does not mean we can approve today thank you chair thank you very much council Williams um members does anyone else wish to contribute to the debate or raise a point that hasn't been raised previously no does anyone wish to ask any final questions of clarification then from officers at all if that will help them make their make their mind up no can I take it then that members are feel they're all in a position to make a decision on this application sorry to council thank you so I wonder whether I might um I referred to the effect of the heat pump it was said earlier on heat pump would be within the pva which is why assumed although we have no details this would be a ground source I wonder whether officers have any views as to whether the whether the heat pump would have any effect on the pva I'll start um thank you chair um that I think you referred to the the slinky mechanism that's associated with the heat pump um as far as I'm aware that that will be underground so I I don't see how that could harm the pva a because it will obviously be buried and then covered over again in terms of the unit above ground and from my understanding is it a game of very small air conditioned unit sized units which which is adjacent to the dwelling itself so I don't see that that again which would be I imagine set beside the house depending on which side it is and where it enters um I don't see that that is something that would necessarily harm the pva itself I think it's a very small unit um which which won't have a detrimental impact okay thank you for that martin come I was in when I was considering about the impact on the pva and the impact on the conservation area of the design um I think it is worth noting that we went out to look at the site and it is extremely difficult to look into the site from the public for any public areas merely the height I had to clamber up to look in over the fence it's not something that a normal person would see all the bits of the green pva a which are visible from the public area the trees will not be affected by the proposed element so I think that is a consideration it is as described in 8.5 it says that it has affected a gentleman adjacent pva a's would have an effect on the tranquility a minute capital immunity tranquility or function of the village not the pva a which is a different aspect so it is in terms of the village it's presumably the public areas and they affect the pva and the public areas which matters and therefore I see an argument that it's not actually the village is it's not so much affected it's it's it's the private space which is affected or if there's any impact whether you consider the the design as a good design or not I think it's an interesting modern design different from the other but it it creates another feature of interest in the village I'm not sure that I would feel that that's sufficiently strong on conservation area grounds the impact on the area which is actually going to be developed by diversity it's basically a known norm there's not any particular great biodiversity on the site itself and I can see the argument that the biodiversity game can be provided within the building I can see the big major differences between the previous proposal we've actually encouraged people to come and make free application consultations and they they appear to have done that and taken concern concerns we have a this we don't want development in gardens which has a negative impact but we do encourage development which provides additional housing I don't think it's fair to say that we have no shortage of market housing prices of market housing suggest there is a demand for it so meeting our so it does make a very small contribution to our housing numbers I've I've come to conclusion generally that I feel that it probably is something we should accept I was most concerned about the soak away the soak away when it's finished will be underground so it won't make an impact but whether it if it did prove to be an impact on the budget set whether that could be adapted afterwards and having had reassurance on that I feel I generally would feel that it the benefits probably outweigh the impacts thank you very much councillor um members does anyone wish to make any final points before we move to decision on this anything that haven't been said so far okay members I think we can move forward then to the decision obviously there are some members I understand that will be voting against this um I can see Phil has drawn up some form of wording for reasons for refusal should members wish to go down that route um I wonder if you could display those Phil or if perhaps Charlotte might be able to I don't know okay and then we can see if this encapsulates what members reasons are should they want to refuse perhaps you could talk us through this bill yes I'm based thank you chair uh based on the debate it's essentially uh covering two issues which are around the tranquility of the pvaa and harm to the conservation area uh which is essentially what was the previous reason for refusal I feel like we'd like to read out the full wording um do members need the full wording reading out or are members content with the summary Phil's just given okay okay we'll give members a minute um but essentially I think the reason we have up here is regarding impact on the pvaa um those members that are inclined to vote against is that does that does that encapsulate the main reason for refusal or were there others that members wish to put forward so sorry I've been reminded it so it's covering damage to the conservation area and the pvaa not just the pvaa yes I would like to ask if uh should not be considered that um in the case of refusal it could also be argued that uh the character of the area could also be negatively impacted by the by the works by the project so is that the character of the conservation area yeah um do you want to say that Phil yeah three chair I think that's I think that's covered in the in the reason that's on uh the four members is that satisfactory I think officers are on the view that that is covered within the reason for refusal on the screen now okay members um yeah should we go forward over refusal are members satisfied that the words on the screen now uh do cover the the the points that have been made during the debate unless I hear otherwise I will take that as yes okay um okay well with that they're members we have a recommendation on page 104 and that is to approve the application subject to the planning conditions laid out um obviously we have a reason for refusal on the screen should members wish to vote against that um I'm going to ask democratic services if they could start an electronic vote for us because I think we are going to be split on this so Aaron if you could so members the usual process press the blue button to indicate we're voting press green if you want to vote in favour of the application press red if you wish to vote against and yellow if you wish to abstain Councillor Richard Williams obviously not allowed to vote but welcome anyway okay members we as you can see on the screen we have a split vote again we have four votes in favour four votes against so the vote is split so I'll have to use my casting vote again I personally voted in favour so I will continue with that and use my casting vote to vote for approval so I'll for five votes to four using the chair's casting vote that application is approved so thank you very much members um and thank you very much to all the members of the public that took part in that debate um we will move on now members to agenda item number nine so members those are all so members those are all the applications we have to make decisions on today we're now on to uh as I say agenda item nine which is a report on the grades of Cambridge shared planning service compliance policy or in layman's terms enforcement so I'm going to hand over to Heather Jones who is joining us on the screen Heather welcome thank you chair can you hear and see me okay yeah we can see him and hear you perfectly thank you very much for joining us we appreciate it no problem thank you uh so I'm here today to present the report for information to South Cambridge district council planning committee this is on behalf of Dr Tumi Hawkins lead cabinet member and Stephen Kelly lead officer it consists of four documents the report with recommendation appendix a which is the new proposed greater Cambridge shared planning compliance policy appendix b the existing south cams enforcement manual from 2001 and the equality impact assessment which is draft uh I just wanted to point out there is one error on the report itself so that's page one section two uh it says under key decision no and then underneath the text there's the key decision was first published in uh september 2022 it it is not a key decision so I just want to to confirm that to you um the report itself outlines the recent work completed with the transformation team on the uh compliance or with the compliance team and and also um recommends that we present a new policy um which is detailed and in appendix a for consultation the consultation period will be for six weeks as it will cover the Christmas season you will have the opportunity to comment on the policy during that period along with everyone else members of the public etc so do we have any questions thank you okay before we have questions i'll just go ask Phil if he could actually clarify what we're being asked to do with this report just for complete and utter clarity thank you chair yeah so it is just to note that uh we're proposing to go out to consultation as Heather's just outlined and any questions or queries around the the nature of the policy itself can be dealt with once that public consultation period commences thank you so on that to any members of any questions around uh this going out to consultation council Williams and then council Williams thank you um so this is indoors so we're just being asked to note not indoors so that would be an amendment to the recommendation is that right yep okay um and once it's been to consultation does it then come back to us or does it where is the governance for this good question um i'll have to ask officers what the next stages are Heather perhaps you can respond to that uh then it will go to cabinet okay uh council Richard Williams thank thank you chair just a quick one it says on page 115 of our bundle um that there are potential changes afoot as a result of the levelling up and regeneration bill that this would need to be revised i just wonder why we're doing that now therefore why why why we don't wait and see what the changes are because if we consult on this and then we have to change it in six months time or a year's time to consult again uh i i sorry through the chair shall i answer thank you um i think the reason for that is that obviously we're unclear or unsure of what those recommendations will be and we have been on a transformation journey with our enforcement and compliance team and this the existing policy is south cams one is a 2001 policy so we do need to update it even if it will be updated again in a further point in time which which may be you know in 18 months two years okay thank you thank you for clarity on that Heather um members any further questions councillor harvey um yes thank you jack i do you remember i think it's about perhaps 18 months of two years ago we had a new revision of the uh the sort of umbrella um enforcement policy um have i remembered that correctly and it listed the the various um levels of um sort of action that the the council could take um and i remember in that document i mean i think the ultimate act um sort of uh recourse was was sort of compulsory purchase of a piece of land if he i mean this would cover all sorts of um misdemeaners including planning ones but i just wondered does this sort of sit within that wider policy in terms of the sanctions available Heather i'm not sure if you can answer that one I can do um i think what we were referring to was this um the policy in respect of i think that was a housing one um and and this policy is is purely for the planning service so that we can be very clear with our residents what their expectations can be in respect of compliance it is a discretionary service if it's not statutory um and we wanted to make that very clear to to residents and um other members that are really uh you know that that this is important to so uh so i suppose in answer to that the umbrella um document that you're referring to i think was relating to housing this is a planning specific to planning and what we can do in respect of enforcement our final enforcement measures with planning thank you chair thank you thank you for the clarity on that um members if there's no further questions for heather as was mentioned the recommendation isn't to endorse it's actually just to note that this will be going out for consultation so i don't think we need to take any formal decision on that unless officers tell me otherwise no okay so we can consider that noted thank you very much heather for um presenting that to us and we'll move on members to agenda item 10 but before we do that i realize it's been four hours so um i'm going to ask if members are happy to carry on agree we're near at the end so if we could agree okay so just to note councillor Handley is leaving the meeting and i should also mention councillor Richard Williams did join us partway through agenda item 8 obviously has he missed part of the debate we wasn't able to vote but he's very welcome so with that members we'll move on to agenda item 10 which is on page 167 and this is a planning enforcement report or planning compliance if it should be called now um we have john shuttle woods i'm hoping is joining us online to present john hello hello chair sorry you froze there for about 10 seconds so i might be behind you or you might just be picking picking me up now okay yep we've uh we can hear you loud and clear john so thank you very much chair good so over to you john for your enforcement report thank you chair okay hopefully can just confirm you can see some kind of documents up on the big screen or in front of you please chair we can it looks like the papers we have in front of us so you shouldn't be too much frustrated fantastic well it's uh much better looking for myself so i'll go for it so very quickly uh this is the um september stats here so on the 1st of october there are 139 open cases within southcain this year um what will happen due to the deadlines and the fact that we didn't have committee last month uh the stats for october and november will all be rolled over and will be presented separately at next month's committee in december if i just quickly show you hopefully another screen which you can see hopefully you can see appendix one which the enforcement case is received and closed for september uh we had nine uh for september that we received and we closed 12 cases in uh september september was particularly time whereas well as we're running our vacancies on the team we also had uh half of our team members off on holiday uh so actually we're a pretty sparse at the time so there was probably less activity than as per normal and we also managed to serve an enforcement notice relating to some authorized balustrades uh at 31 frog end in great wilbrahim and if i just go back to the reports update on service delivery uh as i mentioned mentioned before last time we did go out for recruitment and we're pleased to see there has been a principal enforcement lead officer uh chris braybrooke he's coming from a neighbouring authority and he will be starting on the 3rd of january but beforehand he will be coming to our enforcement uh away day uh before then so we're going to get to know uh chris i've met him before he's a good guy so i'm very confident it is going to be a very very good addition to the team moving forwards uh tony wallis was promoted as a senior planning or enforcement officer and he's doing a member's job running with that unfortunately the second vacant post we went out for that twice uh for recruitment unfortunately that's not being successful to get a permanent uh person in that role so we're fortunately we have been able to get a good agency person ratio arnell who started uh last week uh ratio's initial area she's been given area team west for the moment so she's going to be dealing with such areas as harton is combaton uh us lucky on the good people down in the morthans and also up in caxton and papworth as well as well as all the other areas in the area team west as the sort of team uh so uh just to let you know that the online website is up and running with all the new details of how to raise the complaints via the new e-form i'd recommend and ask obviously uh members to uh use this e-form you there is actually a first section here in where it says it is a query from another south camp and department i'm quite happy for members to take the box yes so that means you only have to put your email in and the address rather than having put in your address and everything like that so just your email and your name will be sufficient if you want to report anything to us via that method uh we've still got our enforcement register which is meant to be going live at the end of the month which is going to give real-time figures uh as to so you're going to be able to go online like you do at the moment and search planning applications you're going to be doing that with enforcement katies as well however due to iDocs the company that runs the system they want to be there to basically iron out any difficulties and so that's why this is now taking place at the end of the month rather than uh at the start of month as originally planned what we don't want to happen we've been doing some testing in the background and there's some information that's been coming out has been available to the members in the public which shouldn't be made available shouldn't be made available and the problem is this could lead us to a massive data protection potential breaches which we don't want so we could continue doing the testing and we're going to make sure that everything is up and running by the end of the month. Finally just a note on Smithby Fenn may have touched this on last time but we do have an experience officer involved dealing with Smithby Fenn and is working with council colleagues to explore an agreement of council's approach to the site moving forward in the basically there's some issues regarding low levels of occupancy and basically just trying to deal with the ownership relating to empty and vacant awful pictures that's the presentation for the moment thank you very much chair thank you John that's that's very helpful so if i'm hearing you right all the vacancies in the department have now been filled albeit one of them on a contractual basis that is that is correct chair yes i understand that contract is for an initial six month period we're very very lucky there's a number of agency officers out there there are some short-sighted local planning authorities out there who are deciding actually to get rid of half of their enforcement officers and we're managing to pick up you know people at the moment just basically filled a gap where other people getting rid of officers but yet we're going to be a full complement at the start of the year chair good good to hear John we do have another question for you from councillor sanford i do thank you chair John thank you for the update you say details of all enforcement investigations has said electronically to members on a weekly basis i've been a councillor for six months i don't recall seeing any updates possibly everyone in my ward is being very well behaved or possibly the main list is out of date i know there one there there's at least one uh miscreant that we're currently investigating in cactin and patworth so what i will do i will check the report list to make sure you're on there and if not i'll put you on the list great thank you all right thank you john and one other question for you from councillor heather williams thank you through a self-chair too actually um one of which is is good news that we've got a full team um on the enforcement side but you may reference somebody coming through as agency i just wanted to check i've got nothing wrong with agency very good to plug the gap now and then but just um this is somebody that's sort of local working locally um just considering that enforcement is something that you have to go out on site on and everything else um not somebody that's the other end of the country or something so if you could give me some reassurance on that please um you laugh but we've had not necessarily here but other places have had this issue before um and the other is smithie fen which you did touch on however chair i feel like i'm channeling councillor right from when he was here in in the same chair as i am the report is getting less and less the problem is not going away i asked last time that we have if we can't have something because i appreciate its legal case and we can't have something in the public domain then we should have um a closed uh paper on this or some sort of briefing i do not feel that as a councillor the information we are giving or given in in this sense is enough for us to be able to honestly say we are doing our job in relation to this matter we have no from these this just literally two lines and a paragraph i i know everyone speaks to themselves but i do not feel comfortable that this is still on the agenda in the same place as far as i'm concerned from when i first joined this council back in 2018 um so please can we have something that anise enables us to say we have done our job in trying to you know oversee and scrutinize and look at this because as it currently stands members of the public are getting more and more annoyed with this and i can't blame them to be quite frank thank you chair so john i think i you can probably answer the first question i think on um on Rachel Arnold's whereabouts that um uh we can probably i'm sure we can organise as a department a briefing for members specifically on smithie fen with your department's input i'm sure that will be completely possible um but yeah if you could answer the first question i think that'll be helpful yeah i mean i'm not going to divulge where like Rachel lives does she's within a drive a drive if need be to visit somewhere and if Rachel isn't available for any particular reason there's four other members of the team that that do live uh locally that can go out and visit the property so yeah there are there is sufficient resources to go and you know visit visit sites as and when is required chair thank you good to know i wasn't expected her post code just do you want to find out what she was in scotland no i can confirm she's not in scotland councillor but thank you for the question good thank you very much um councillor martin carn please simply to highlight that uh there's a little bit of confusion uh the development uh kendall quarter angerhouse in in in pincton it's referred to both in appeals waiting decision and in the decisions inspectorate i know that's quite a recent decision but just tonight's about that uh john i think that's the next section of our agenda which is a planning appeals so i don't think that's one for myself but um interesting for you to be aware of it anyway um okay members i think there's no further questions for mr shuttlewood will say thank you very much john um appreciate you hanging on to the end of the agenda for us and uh for taking the time to to give us an update on the enforcement situation so thank you thank you chair okay with that then we'll move on to agenda item 11 which is appeals against planning decisions and enforcement action so i believe phil you're introducing this one for us i am chair yep so as councillor williams heather williams has declared in interest she is leaving and taking no part in this section and martin your mic's done off your microphone thank you chair i as we didn't have a a planning meeting last month uh agenda item 11 is in in two parts so we have appeals which were submitted or wait or decisions made as at the end of 28 september which is on page 17 starts at one page page 173 and then the second part is uh up to the 27th of october which starts at page 189 i mean this report of this section is obviously for noting but if there's any particular questions i'm happy to attempt to answer those or take questions away if i come up on the spot now thank you chair thank you phil um members do we have any specific questions on the reporting front of us martin perhaps you'd like to ask yours well it's been explained that the deadlines are different from two different columns so i understand now why it's in both great thank you and councillor williams please thank you jeff um page 191 the uh station of great shelford appeal that the inspectors allowed i don't know if it's appropriate to say in this meeting whether there's any plan to do anything about that or are we just accepting the inspector's decision it's a shame given it was a a non-determination one uh through you chair in in terms of challenging that decision is it the query from councillor williams not that i'm aware of um i've not been advised that that's a line we're looking to take um you know we're at this as far as i'm aware we've accepted the the judgment thank you members any final points on this section of the agenda okay well with that then we will i believe finish the meeting as that was the final item on the agenda so just leaves me to say thank you very much to everyone that's taken part the public speakers and the officers obviously members as well um it's worth noting on next meeting will be at a date in december which i don't have in front of me uh presumably the second Wednesday so it should be Wednesday the 14th of December so behave was very close to christmas so if any members can't make it for any reason please do write subs nicer than early um well with that i'll say thank you very much again to