Hello everybody, my name is Nica Solo-Rodger and I'm the Weisili coordinator here at the U.S. Department of State. I'm coming to you live from Washington, D.C. at our State Department studios where we are thrilled to kick off our Weisili Tech Tuesday series today. Every Tuesday this month we will have a Tech Tuesday Facebook Live chat with a tech expert on a different topic. Today I have the privilege of speaking with Anantia Van Bronckhorst about digital marketing. Anantia is co-managing director at Girls in Tech Indonesia and is coming to us from Jakarta where she recently was a trainer for the TechCam program. She is going to talk about digital marketing and why it's important for any organization or project you're part of. Please ask your questions for Anantia in the comments section below. Also, please let us know where you're watching from. Alright Anantia, before we get into the topic of digital marketing I want to do a speed round of quick questions to help our audience get to know you and the topic better. What kind of work do you do for Girls in Tech Indonesia? Hi, so Girls in Tech Indonesia is basically a community base. So what we've done is that we have this program usually is run about like three month program. It's like an empowerment program so we have combinations of classes, mentoring and also like the previous one we have what we call a B digital program. So this program is aiming to get more women or more female to join in the digital industry after they graduate from university. So what we've done is that we make a huge program. It's a three month based class that ranging from coding classes, digital marketing classes and how to write and things like that. And also we have an office visit and internship program. So it's kind of like a mixture between a lot of stuff that we've done here. So it's kind of interesting for me. Thank you. And you're here today to talk to us about digital marketing. How do you define digital marketing? So digital marketing is basically it's like the way you communicate the things that you want your audience to know but through a digital medium. So I work within digital marketing since 2007. So I actually, aside from Girls in Tech Indonesia, I actually run my own company it's actually a digital marketing agency. So this is actually what we've done for a lot of our clients. So basically how to communicate a message from the client side, whether it's activities or products and things like that to the right target audience through via digital media. So that was basically it. And what inspired you to get into this field? So actually my major is not a digital background. So I majored in journalistic at the first time. So I graduated from a journalistic school. And when I first work, I work as a content provider in the websites. So that was the first laugh that I have with digital words because at that very moment I noticed that digital really broadened my skill. So I could learn anything that I want and I can meet a lot of people and so basically that was the first time that I decided that I want to work within the digital fields. And what is your favorite thing about the work that you do? So the work that I do right now managing my own company as well as co-managing directing Croson Technology Asia have given me so many opportunities to one evolving myself and also teaching others and asking others to also benefit from the technology world. So Croson Technology Asia give me a platform to connect to more women and ask them and bring them closer to the technology fields. And I see a lot of them are gaining advantage from that. So that was the favorite things that I have. Thank you. And now that we know more about you, can you tell us a little bit more about why is digital marketing a subject that's important for people to know about? So because right now what I'm seeing is that all the world is connecting via digital. So if you want to talk about marketing, so marketing is essentially how to communicate to your target audience. So if you want to talk to the target audience right now and furthermore in the future, the target audience is in the digital world. So that was why learning about digital marketing from right now is quite important for you guys. Thank you. We have a lot more questions to ask you. But let's flip things around and ask our audience a question. Which digital marketing campaign inspire you and why? What is an organization or company that has done a great digital marketing campaign that got your attention? I heard that you have three steps that everyone should know about when it comes to digital marketing. Can you go over them with us please? Okay, so if you guys want to start digital marketing, usually there are three easy steps. So the first one is actually to know your objectives. So knowing your company objective or your activity objective is really important because by knowing that you can then think about what medium that you want to use and then you can also think about what activity that you want to make. And most important of all is that afterwards you can also think about what is the key performance indicator that you wanted. So key performance indicator will also be your benchmark. And in terms of talking about objectives, there is usually within digital marketing, there are several objectives. But the most common objective usually involves an awareness about awareness. The next is usually about driving traffic. It's either to your websites or for example to download an applications. The next one is about actions. Actions can involve selling actions or like action to do something. So that was the main or the most common objective that we usually have. And these objectives usually then have, there's going to have a different sets of KPI or metrics that we can track. So for example, if you want to have an objective sales for example, and then the metrics or the KPI that we should use is actually how to, the confersions metrics. So how many percentage from the traffic that you make towards your landing page and how many of them are essentially converting into an action or buying or anything that you want them to do. So different activities going to have a different type of metrics. And the second tip that I'm having is that know your audience. Knowing your audience is hugely important because in terms of marketing what we've done is that we have communications that we want to convey to the target market. And the target market is actually the one that we should really know about. We have to know where they are, what medium that they use, how they communicate with each other, and then how the brand should portrays themselves in order to be well received by the target audience because different target audience usually have different types of preferences. Like for example, if we're talking about target audience what you should guys do is that not only know about the demographic, not only know about female, male, age, place that they stays, but try to dig more deeper, dig more deeper in terms of know what they like, know what they dislike, know how their lifestyle, and get to know like every little bit details about them because that will help you a lot. For example, like Teams usually uses different type of medium than like a first jobber, for example. So teams like Instagram, they like YouTube, first jobber, for example, perhaps prefer other medium, and the way they speak, the way the lifestyle is different as well. And the last tips for digital marketing is actually you have to find your own activities or product uniqueness. In the marketing fields, we usually call this as a USB in excelling propositions. So this in excelling propositions can actually help you to like develop a campaign program for your marketing. So this actually can give you like advantage because when we talk about marketing, a lot of brands, a lot of activities out there that are competing with each other. So how do we break out of the competitions that was the initial ideas of why we should know our USB? Like for example, if we have like fundraising, so how can we make sure that our fundraising is kind of different from other fundraising out there? So that was the key things that we should know. So unicelling propositions, what we can do is that we can have this unicelling proposition from the product or activity that we have. If we're talking about products, usually what we've done is that we break into how we consume the products, for example, how the colorings or is there any ingredients that are special in the product that we use and this like that. For example, we have KitKat, for example. In Indonesia, we have like there's a break and there's a KitKat. So that unicelling propositions came from when we like consume the products. So that was the three tips that might come in handy when we want to think about digital marketing. Thank you. And can you share with us some examples of companies that are using these steps and putting them into practice? So actually, I see a lot of like good campaign that are using this. The first one is I usually like to see within a Facebook studio. So Facebook has this like awarding system. So one of the companies that are having it is actually from Unilever. So Unilever have this program that are run in eight countries.  So the goal of the the brand is actually perhaps the goal is to make more people to brush their teeth two times a day. The problem is that a lot of like people actually only brush their tooth once a day. And the target market is actually the child because they think the child can make a change. So what they've done is that they do massive research about how kids is actually behaving online and how they can like drive changes. What do they like? So what they figured out is that children likes video. So the question is how to make this video relevant to the child because like little kids doesn't actually goes to Facebook for example. So what they've done is that their research on how video are being consumed and they see that the the parents is actually also making like a big impact in decision making. So what they've done is that they also research on the tools that are available on online. So they come to like a messenger system. So they use Facebook messenger system with a bot system which they can show that okay the parents can choose which time they want their kids to see the videos. And the brand already put like 21 videos with different interactions and see how how how is the length of like children brushing their teeth and how is the movement and this other. They incorporate that into one videos and that videos is being pushed towards via Facebook messengers and in a desired time. So for example if I said my kid brushing time is about like 8 p.m. and also 7 a.m. those videos is going to be on alert on my hand phones on that particular time. So that was the first example of how from the goal and then knowing the target market and knowing the USB of the product will help. The second one is we have an like a study case about applications that actually works by using this three-step as well. The application is called craved. So craved is actually an applications that are connecting between restaurants and also a foodies the one that are searching for foods. So the business goal is actually to increase awareness of the application and also increase download and usage of the applications. And craved learned that and Indonesian people really love to see photos of the foods. So we like to eat we like to browse for a photo to like a food a good food photography. So what they've done is actually they make this series of content or really good content with a really good food photos and they posted via several medium and what they've done is that via these photos they actually learn from the insights so from the metrics they learn about which type of foods that are having the best feedbacks and which type of photos that are having the best feedbacks in terms of generating the awareness the likes and things like that and also generating the downloads. So and other from that that also uses the application's main features so they chooses the features that are most interesting towards the target market and they promote it as well within the social media and by this campaign it actually increases their download by 20 times via the previous one before they use this type of campaign. So that was the example and the last one is one of my favorite. So there's this like cancer like kids for cancer. So what they've done is that this community is actually helping children that are affected by cancer from an underprivileged family. So what they've done is that they usually have this fundraising activities but they wanted to do a different approach of this fundraising activities via an online based campaign. They do a digital marketing campaign so for fundraising what they've done is that they research about their target market so the target market is actually a young family and like 25 until 20 until 30 years old male and female and what they've done is that they they know that young people likes to donate something and young people likes to be online. So they research on who is the right person to tap into if we are talking about the fundraising. So they partnered with one of the Indonesian singer that are huge that have a huge presence within social media. So they they work together with funding and then it's Indonesian singer that have about 1.3 million Instagram followers. So and also they work together with crowdfunding platforms that become the platforms to donate to like the fundraising is going to be there. So what they've done is that they research about the target market. They know that the target market will respond good with this kind of marketing campaign. So Andin will post within the crowdfunding platform about her activities. So the activities are actually having Andin with when she has her birthday in August she said that she wanted a gift for her birthday in the form of donations. So it was like a birthday gift donations that runs in the crowd sourcing platform called Kitabisa and Andin will post several of the posts that will link to the crowdfunding platforms several times within her Instagram. So this campaigns run pretty well because the first aim is to raise 20 million Indonesian Rupiah and she exceeded the the platforms by raising about 50 million Indonesian Rupiah. So that was three I think three good example of how when we know about the goal when we know about the target market and the USP will help you generating good digital marketing campaign. Ananta can you tell us more about the importance of understanding the digital landscape? Okay so understanding digital landscape will help us a lot because knowing which medium and which is the right time for us to like grow the business or grow the marketing campaign will be a good time for us. So for example within the Southeast Asian region right now almost like 50% of the total populations is actually on internet. So this is actually a good time for us to start thinking about like learning about how to do a digital marketing or how to publish something within digital because if you can see the graph about like 53% of the total population is actually on internet and 47% of them are actually active within social media that means like around 90% of them are active within social media. So knowing this it will help us to locate okay if if I want to do a marketing and then social media will be high on the list so that was one of the things. Other from that is that we can see that in terms of like in terms of penetrations perhaps different countries have a different like percentage like for example like Singapore Malaysia, Burma have a higher penetration. What it means is that if the penetration is like above 75% and then what you have to do is that you have to really think digital as your like core marketing campaign but if you're lower than 50% what you can do is that you can actually learn and then equip yourself with like the knowledge and the know-how and then afterwards if the interpopulation is nearing 75% or like within 60% and then your like medium for a marketing should be on primarily on digital media. For example within Indonesia we only have like 50% but 50% from the total population we still see about 120 million 150 million target market so that was a very huge market still and the other one that are interested is about like social media interpretations. So like I said before like 90% of them that are on social need on internet is actually on social media. That means knowing which new media that are huge in your country is important because then you can tap into the larger pool of the market and when we see about those two data interesting part is that Southeast Asia have a higher benchmark than the global benchmark. So both in internet population internet penetration as well as social media penetration the percentage is higher in Southeast Asia and the next one that are also interesting is that about mobile penetrations. So mobile penetrations and so mobile penetrations in Southeast Asia is high as well but I also talk about the social media platforms like Southeast Asians like social media platforms and knowing which media for you is important like for example within Indonesia we have two types of social media that are high within followers. The first one is the the social network and the second one is the the chat messenger. So social media high social media usually evolve on our Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and the high chat usually evolve around WhatsApp line and we still have blackberry messenger but usually we use WhatsApp in line here and in terms of like mobile penetrations it's also a huge thing because mobile penetrations within especially within Southeast Asia is like more than a hundred so all the populations considered have mobile devices so almost all have more than hundred percent mobile connectivity and what we see here is that in the future the the medium and the way we consume digital is primarily via mobile devices and we can also see the percentage between Southeast Asia and also the world. Southeast Asia usually have a bigger percentage in terms of social media usage and where are they when they use social media that was also the thing that you should know about so one of the data from this we are social from Indonesian data is that 50 of them using mobile as for watching something so usually primarily watching via YouTube other than that they usually use this mobile to like connect within social media and then they use it for chat and the last thing that are also high is that Indonesian uses mobile for map using the map for like either ways or like Google map and this at that so that was the thing that you usually have to know so when we talk about digital landscape know about how many are they on the digital world what they're doing and what type of things that they actually like so because that will essentially help you in deciding okay which medium that I should talk what type of content that I should like be having in terms of when I want to create a digital campaign thank you very much before we continue with more questions I would like to read off the results of the question we asked earlier in the program which digital marketing campaigns inspire you and why national geographic trans says apple Wendy says coca-cola May says 555 campaign Anja says affiliate marketing Phoenix says four seasons campaign Lindsay says I like the Nike equality campaign Dan says I spoke a challenge Hafiz says affiliate junction Mio says uber is digital marketing okay let's get to some questions from our viewers now how do you know if you should do paid or unpaid marketing okay paid and unpaid marketing so usually what I do with when I want to have a campaign I usually break down the media using like paid media own media and media so paid media is usually something that what we've done is that something that we paid usually in terms of banner or advertising within digital media own media is actually the media that we manage so for example if a brand or community have a facebook page or instagram or twitter or its own websites it's categorized as an owned media and the the last one is we have uh earned media earned media is actually something that other people are talking about your product or your activities so for example if some influencers are talking about your products and posted in her or his own social media platform that was an earned media so when should we use the paid media one so usually what we've done is that if we have an owned media for example if I have facebook page and it have like about a hundred thousand followers for example I can only tap into that specific pool but if my business objective is actually for awareness and for the second one is for example I want to get more leads so if I have that as a business objective I should have a bigger pool so if I want to tap into like okay I want to tap into 500 thousand more the only way we have we can do that is if we have a paid media as well so a paid marketing is actually going to help us to reach a broader target market and usually what we've done is that we have what we call like a boost so paid media usually used to boost the marketing content that we have and afterwards if we make sure that the content is good usually it have a long tail what we call the long tail so if we make a good campaign material so knowing your target market usually going to help us to make a good content a good content material when we have a paid media for that usually help to create more reach and also more reach and also leads into more earned media so usually that type of like combinations is what we've done so we create our own own media our facebook website and things like that we create the content the good content and then we use paid media to broaden the reach and because the the reach is broadened and the content is good usually other people will post it in their own social media or share it to their friends and things like that and then we can create the earned media part we have a lot of questions from our viewers today so i'm going to ask you to keep your answers very short because we want to get through as many of them as possible another question we've received is how is digital marketing for mobile different than for desktop uh usually it's not that difference the difference usually came with the size only the size because that was the thing that we should see whether the message is clear the image is clear and there's not that so usually it's not that much difference the second part is actually to know the habit of when people using mobile or versus when they're using desktop because usually the timespan on mobile is quite short than on the desktop that was the two things that you guys probably should see about thanks one of our participants from rangoon wants to know how she can get attention for her business in a crowded marketplace okay attention for business in a crowded marketplace usually if you already know the usb that you have you can pick that usb and and use it to become a content that are differentiate from your like other competitors and the other part is that you can actually use a paid media but use a targeted paid media you should know who your target market is because if you know your target market and then your paid media can direct you to that particular market so that will help you in terms of like competitions within the the crowded marketplace okay and dan one of our viewers is asking what are the best ways to measure effectiveness or success for digital marketing campaigns particularly social media okay how to measure so the question will be like what is your essential what is your goal because usually if we talk about like awareness and then the things that you should see is that how many reach that your content are reaching so usually within facebook or like instagram or twitter and just i thought there's the measurement so there's the matrix so you can see the matrix on how many people that are you're reaching so that was the core activities that you have to do so as my previous explanation as well different objectives going to be resulted in different metrics that you should use so awareness going to have reach or if you want to have like actions and then you want to measure the clicks how many clicks that you are having and things like that so you also have to measure like if you want to have an actions and then you have to have like like enough traffic towards your content as well so i think different uh activity is going to have like different objective going to have a different measurement points thank you we have a question from duck who asks nowadays when ideas are being copied easily what can we do to make our digital marketing really stand out and different and be different to others okay so ideas are very easy to copy like for example if i'm taking something i believe you guys also think something about that so uh there are another ways to have an like an edge towards your campaign so knowing your tools is is very important like for example if you use facebook really know like the the tools that facebook offers because by by really knowing the medium that you're going to use and then you can use uh like the bad use it as the best way that you can like for example the the you know the for uh marketing campaign that i've explained earlier it's usually using uh the newest uh like the newest offering from facebook they actually used the chatbot system so chatbot is one of the things that are on the rise right now and they're using it uh to like uh like uh using it for a campaign so they can use it like for do you want a or b or do you want to have uh this promotions to be pushed to you in different time of the day and etc so knowing uh the tools that you're going to make is is is quite uh important and also uh knowing the target market because usually if you make a campaign and the campaign is really dear to the heart of the target market it will help your campaign succeeded uh on the from the other computations and for daos is asking how do you use key performance indicators to monitor and evaluate your campaign okay so key performance indicators uh you should make that on the very first time you you do a planning on the marketing campaign so after you know your objectives uh you should think about what key performance indicator that you want so uh if you talk about key performance indicator and then you have to make a benchmark so you can use a benchmark from the previous campaign that you have or if you know uh within the same market or what are the other competition have been done and how they're achieving on that uh their campaign they can also be uh your benchmark so knowing the objective knowing uh what you want to achieve and having a benchmark is the thing that you have to do when you want to set up uh the KPI for your for your campaign we've received a question from Anja who's asking what if the audience doesn't believe in your campaign how can you convince them to join your campaign okay uh tough questions but if the people doesn't like believe in the campaign the first thing that you have to do is actually you have to do your homework first because before you bring out the communications you actually have to know how the the target market will respond to your campaign i mean like obviously the team have to have like believe on that particular campaign but knowing how to talk to the target market how uh what enters them it's it's really important like for example the the uh kids for cancer activities uh at first they're finding it very hard to get the young people to like donate to them because they don't know how to talk to them but when they meet Andin and they they compose this like uh so there's a celebrity that wanted a gift and a gift not in terms of like prizes but he asked her followers to give a donation so that was like if you make a campaign that are very dear to the heart i think it's it's going to help you uh to convince and to make the audience believe at your cost Dan wants to know how can you determine which parts of your social media content need improvement okay so to answer this i think uh you have to see the insights so within every medium every medium that you use you should see the uh like the insights and the numbers and the statistic behind it so for example if you use facebook if you use instagram for business and if you use twitter usually they provide some sort of uh statistic towards each and each of your content within each of your content then you can learn okay which which content that have a higher reach and then you can have like um like a weekly screening which content that you actually performing so what we've usually done is that we make a content pillars so content pillars means like for example if you we divided the the communications into four content pillars and then each of content pillars we will like measure which of these content pillars is actually performing and out of that performing uh content pillars and then we make additional content out of that and this uh can be done only if you see the the metrics uh that i've mentioned before Gwen asks are we living in an era of digital marketing and what's the big the big thing for people to watch in the digital world okay so uh if the market uh if the internet for penetrations is closing into like 80 percent 90 percent and we are going into that directions uh i can say that yes we are living in a digital uh marketing era because like for example the the people is there so if you want to touch the people if you want to talk to the people we have to talk through the medium that they're using right now so most of them are using smartphones a desktop they're heavily on internet they're connected so we should go uh into there so uh for the near futures uh the content that are still going to be big in south Asia is actually video so video is going to be uh big because the internet infrastructure is going to be better better internet connection means that the video is not lagging anymore and we're going to see also a lot of like improvement on the chat like one-on-one communications so like i said a lot of people right now are like venturing into artificial intelligence and especially on the chat sections so we're going to see a lot of like that uh like improvement in there thank you before we wrap up i want to do another speed round of questions to pick an auntie's brain one last time about digital marketing we have a few questions so please keep your answers short what are some resources you would recommend to people who want to learn more about digital marketing okay the first one is actually go through the medium so for example facebook instagram and twitter have their own like uh like business cases so you can learn a lot from there so there's uh facebook for business instagram for business twitter for business is like that the second one is uh be updated with the publisher so i usually read mashable so online i read mashable uh fast company in this latar so it help you uh the new campaign and the new activities that been done within social media so i usually use that and if you have the time listening to an online book will help as well because like it will help you when you don't have much time you can you can listen to the book and who are your mentors in this field i think i meet a lot of people i i i tend to like so in terms of mentor what you need to do is that talk to as much people as possible you don't need to like aim for one but talk to as much as people uh as you want so that was uh what i've done and what's your best advice for how to become a leader in your field okay if you want to be a leader uh in your field what i've done is that being a leader means you have to learn a lot so i've always learned and i always like uh like amp up my knowledge because by by always learning you can always like uh know the the lightest thing you know how to cope with things you know how to bring out an idea and this latat and also a digital will help you a lot with that because like all of the information are now being digitized and it's it's pretty easy for you to like learn right now thank you very much unfortunately that's all the time we have today to talk about digital marketing please come back next tuesday september 26 at the same time for our next tech tuesday facebook live we will be talking about online advocacy and campaigns with Arif Aziz country director of change.org Indonesia you can stay up to date on tech tuesday and many other programs and events by liking our waicili facebook page you can also connect by visiting the waicili website waicili.state.gov where you can sign up for our email newsletter also be sure to follow us on twitter our handle is waicili i want to thank Anantia Von Bronkhorst of the Girls in Tech Indonesia for joining us today from Jakarta i learned a lot about digital marketing and i hope you did too and i want to give a big thank you to you our audience for participating this year we're celebrating the 40th anniversary of us asian relations and the 50th anniversary of asian we really appreciate everyone and especially the waicili community for joining us in that celebration good night and see you all next week thank you


Dear students, in this slide, we are going to study the factor rotations. Routations means rotating. Now we have also done factor loadings. We have now come up with the idea of factor loadings. Now sometimes we have such a situation that when we do not have factorization, there is no exact solution. We do not have a unique solution. So then we do factor rotation. Now you have an idea with the rotation कि बिरात u butter 2 rifles स्तेक के लिएнибудь बिरात बात crooked स्तेक के लिए nuclei स्तेक के लिए cruel स्तेक की साऍब गडन यहše to what the interpretation of the factors is giving. Identify Through the analysis. We are basically doing the rotation of the analysis of the analysis. We are basically doing the transformation of the analysis of the analysis of the analysis of the analysis. When factors are extracted from the data in the factor analysis. Okay. We extracted these factors through the data analysis. They are often correlated with each other अगटिकतार्तश, अगटिकतार्तश तो लिएद तो वी बिटुन्चे off each factor. अप खुरिलेश्यन तो है अजग भीँन, लेकिन हमारे पास उसकी अगटिकतार्तश नहीं कोई भन रहि है। Carefully we can not explain its using. For that, we will further do one. Now we are transforming it into a new set of factors Basically this concept was seen in the principal component. We converted the correlated variables in the principal component. अर निूभ अझब हमारे पास जिन्रेट होगा तरेटा समेल लाली है हम निया केटेख्टेषन लिए हमने चान सब सागता दिया है के वो अ़िळिनला वेरीखलों अहोखोग क्यों लेका आसा थि लोग्घौँस மें क्रनाई करतीया द्या वो म्ंदेर थि खatile लेकानाई किक Meer that right now neighbors are harmonizing of libr are after some transformation, we have converted the correlated variables to uncorrelated variables then our interpretation will be easily done so unfortunately now we are basically looking at it unfortunately for the factor analysis most covariance matrix cannot be factored what we have done is, we have seen everything in the covariance structure we have seen the mathematics in the covariance structure तो उском phrases give उzial along click यरा नान्नॉरrose त त� enjoy any तब भए लателя कि नंमड के फिकटेः। दत वी खली तिन रफ मेद चे चारी पदृरी पद्सर blु연 आप ऑर मैं तबया भसुभகrais को णदिय समथदबर के पैक्टर्स बन जाएंगे, in some cases, the values of the estimates of the lambda ij, अभी आमने इतने detail में देखा के lambda ij क्या है, basically, this is the factor loading, अर साई आई, this is the specific variant, अर नहीं नहीं, are not consistent the statistical requirement, अब अमार पस पैक्टर लोडिंख और आर वेरिंस दिस जु है, ये भी statistical requirement को full fill नहीं करे, under some conditions ये आम ये सारा काम करते न कर सकते है, कोई नहीं कोई प्रोडिंग आईगी, तो फिर हम उसके सलूषिन पे जाते है, the following example of this problem, in such case, the factor rotation is applied, हम इसको अब नमारिकली देखती है, के हम नहीं इसको कैसे अपक्टर रोडिंग करने है, suppose we have three variables and one factor solution, के अपक्टर सलूषिन, k equals to one, it means that one factor solution आई नहीं, हमाने � कि अप ăण और ठोतगलन। वेरिबल एक चींइं से सा खलने आईスफीeté और � preocवर सी। पिर हम नहीं और गर गाए। �ismusंके कोला उपने देखती है नहीं और वो consisting of hands. एक ust हैआए अपक स्तागला गर नहीं कोके लििँ Ocean to extremism. second variable with first factor. तुके one factor solution है ना मारे पास इसली हम इसको one factor solution के according लेरे हैं third variable with first factor तुके factor ना मारे पास देखें तु this is the this is the sigma and here is the sigma this is the numeric value अब आप के पास क्या वालु lambda 11 square plus psi 1 which is equals to one lambda 11 lambda 21.9 lambda 11 lambda 31.7 compared करे ना हम इसको ये तो आप के पास गेवन है हमने उसको कमpear करना है so lambda 21 square plus psi 1 lambda 31 square plus psi 1 lambda 21 into lambda 31.4 तो कमpear कर लिया देन हम नहीं आप के आप देखो हम ने next six equations आप नहीं आप नहीं आप नहीं equations के बाद हम ने further lambda 11 की वालु सेखनी है psi 1 की वालु सेखनी psi basically variance आप के पास lambda 21 की वालुs lambda 31 or psi 1 psi 2 psi 3 हमें जोए है so divide equation 5 by equation 3 we get lambda 21. तो हम ने equation 5 अर equation 3 को fulsalt की आप बाद हम ने lambda 21 lambda 31 which is equals to 0.4 and divided by equation number 3 lambda 11 and lambda 31 which is divided by 0.7 तो यहाप आप के पास लिए के अंसलोट होग या so lambda 21 इसको further हम ने divide की आप तो lambda 11 आप भालु यहां से हमारे पास equation आब के है put in 3 we get अब हम ने इसकी वालु equation 3 में पुट कर दी या equation आप के पास 3 है put in 3 we get the lambda 11 which is equals to the lambda 31 की जगाब में आप देखो 2 1 की जगाब असकी वालू पुट कर दी है this is put in 2 not in 3 put in 2 lambda 11 अब lambda 21 की जगाब में असकी वालू पुट की आप 0.6 lambda 11 which is equals to 0.9 तो further simplification की बात हमारे पास lambda 11 की आप की वालू आप की आप की आप 1 1 square which is equals to 1.5 अं further हम ने square उत लिया तो answer आप आप या है 1.225 अचा एक छीज है की lambda 11 square अद lambda 11 इसकी वालू समारे पास रेंच में आप को कहाँ पता है कहाँ तो कहाँ तो this is the factor loadings आप तो factor loadings की रेंच की आप देए between minus 1 to 1 बहत यहाँ पे हमारे पास आब हमारे पास आब है 1.225 यह तो मारी रेंच से एक सीट कर गया हमें और भी चेख कर लेते है। पर दर मारे पास क्या है equation 1 now look at this equation 1 lambda 11 square पला साई 1 equals to 1 here is the equation 1 अब equation 1 से हम साई 1 की वालू निकालते है साई 1 की वालू नी so which is equals to 1 minus lambda 11 square so 1 minus lambda 11 square की वालू 1.5 और साई का अंसर हमारे पास आगया negative 0.5 साई basically क्या है diagonal एना variances के तो variances आब के पास negative आगया है तो यह तो एकसी नी करत सकती तीके ना variance तो आपको पता है variance तो कभी बी negative नी आसकता अब हमारे पास क्या होगे है यह पे variance पी negative है factor loading जिसका range minus 1 to 1 है उसकी रेंज भी हमारे पास क्या आगया 1.2 to 5 तो यह तो solution इजिस नहीं करना कन्टीशन आगी ना इसी के solution इजिस ना करे तो फिर हमें रूतेशन करनी हुत्ती है which is unsatisfactory since it gives a negative value of variance of EI look at this this is the variance of EI उसकी क्या value आए negative thus for this example with k equals to 1 यह नी फल, factor solution है it is not possible to get a unique solution ती के ना unique solution नहीं आए आसका हमारे पास one factor solution हम ने किया और उनीक ने basically three variables नहीं तो one factor solution नहीं हो सकता है नहीं however the solution is not consistent with the statistical interpretation अब देख लो, statistical interpretation होई नहीं सकती है आप के पास यहांपे you know that the factor analysis model assume that k and the line factors we have p variables and the factor is f1 f2 fk our observed variable with the linear function of this यह हम the factor loadings में भी देखा and here is the factor loadings is the lambda is the factor loading lambda is the factor loading and EI is the specific factor and F is the common factor नहापे यह में से where F is the common factor on a matrix notation we can write as this X vector P into 1 vector P into 1 it means P variables P rows in one column and lambda this is the matrix P into K F this is a vector K into 1 K rows one factor plus P which is plus E which is equals to which is also equals to the vector now further what we have done you have a model so you have model assumptions and its assumptions are expected value of the factor which is equals to 0 covariance of the factor which is equals to identity expected value of the error which is equals to 0 covariance of the error which is equals to psi and psi is the diagonal of variance of EI we have already seen all these assumptions then we have done factor rotation further we are using again we are studying this in such case is the factor loadings are rotated now we have factor loadings we have lambda we have greater value of lambda 11 now we have to rotate it that means we are doing transformation factor loadings are rotated multiplied by orthogonal matrix now we have to multiply with orthogonal matrix to get a unique solution and satisfy the statistical interpretation if you recall we have done this in principle components we did not have a unique solution for unique solution we have orthogonal transformation scheme so we have orthogonal transformation let B be any K into K orthogonal matrix B into B prime which is equals to B prime into B which is equals to identity we have done transformation so that this is the model X lambda F plus EI we know that this is the model can be written as this here now what we have done basically we have done transformation B prime B which is equals to identity so if we multiply or divide the identity then it will not have any effect so we have done that then B into B prime we have introduced now you see here what we have done further we have combined this part then we have combined this part we have said X which is equals to lambda star now it has transformed now lambda is not lambda with lambda B B which is orthogonal matrix B B is involved and F is not single F we have involved B transpose so what you have done is this is called the lambda star and this is the F star look at this this is the lambda star and this is the F star so we have the expected value of expectation then we have variance we have further so what we have done further taking expectation on both sides expectation value of factor we know that the expected value of factor which is equals to zero so put it here this is the zero so you can say that the expected value of F star which is equals to zero and applying covariance on both sides so covariance of F star which is equals to B prime covariance of FB you know that how we write covariance in multivariate because we do not have a square form here you know that we are involved with B prime B so B prime covariance of F into B so covariance of F we know that this is the identity so B prime B which is equals to identity it means that covariance of transformed variable which is also equals to the identity and the expected value of the transformed which is equals to zero so here the variance covariance matrix sigma which is equals to lambda prime plus psi after transformation sigma which is equals to lambda star into lambda star transpose plus psi so here we have variance covariance transformed or rotated we have variance covariance matrix we can return as further we have written this here here we have centered the value after we have centered the value we have simplified it value has been centered after that we have multiplied it so we have got identity or we have said this is the lambda star and here we have lambda star and lambda star prime plus psi this implies that factor F and factor F star have some statistical properties and even though lambda star are a general different from the loading lambda this is obvious because first we had factor loadings which we are calling as lambda capital lambda now we have factor loadings but we have capital lambda star because we have transformed it so now factor loading and factor loading is lambda star it cannot be equal there will be any difference because here we have got transformation they both generate the same covariance matrix sigma what have you said this implies that F have some statistical properties even though this are in general different from the loadings i.e. you have factor loadings and you have here these factor loadings both will be different but both generate the same covariance matrix sigma but when we generate covariance matrix sigma then we will get same result so this basically we have factor rotation after transformation we have seen its exact solution will exist and after that we have seen that factor loadings will be different but their same variance covariance matrix will be generated this is the concept of the factor rotation


I am here in St. Lucia, Secretary General. I'm making my first official visit to the Prime Minister and the government of St. Lucia and having a very interesting conversation. The role of the Prime Minister of St. Lucia as the lead head for sustainable development in the community is a really important one. And at this time, as we are preparing for the COP 27 that takes place towards the end of this year, as we take into consideration all of the important aspects of climate change, the impact of climate change on our economies, our societies, or our production, particularly the agricultural sector, the role of St. Lucia in leading the discussion on sustainable development issues is really very important. So that's one of the first line items on my agenda here in St. Lucia, to have that conversation and to ensure that it is very clear that the Secretary is providing as much support as we can in helping to organize the community, along with the other institutions that work with the community on climate and on climate financing and all of those things. So that's the first. And of course the state of affairs post-COVID as we call it, the impact of the protocols that we had to have in place to manage infections which resulted in not only the economies closing but schools, the impact that has had on our community's children here in St. Lucia and in the rest of the Caribbean. So that's another item on the agenda that we're discussing. I know that there's been a lot of work done here on returning to school and treating with some of the other issues to help make up the time lost in education across our region. So those are two important things that we're talking about. The other major thing on our agenda at this time is a matter of agriculture and food and nutrition. One of the side effects of COVID again was the threat to our food security when the logistical arrangements, the shipping lanes, the availability of containers to bring food into the country. And so when the heads met around that issue early in the pandemic it was clear that food security has to be a major first land priority in the community. So there's a big expo, agri food expo and forum that's taking place in Guyana on the 19th to the 21st of May that's bringing together producers of food, meaning the farmers, the agricultural enterprises, the manufacturers, meaning the agro processors, the commercial enterprises, the investors in order to be able to implement projects on the ground that will result in increased food production and security in our region, food security, and of course nutrition security because one of the side effects of importing so much of our food is that we're also importing lots of salt and fat and preservatives and that makes food less healthy than fresh food. And so it's to increase agricultural production but also to enhance nutrition security as well. And so we're looking forward to that. We're looking forward to participation by private sector companies, by international companies, by governments across the region and some heads are going to be coming to Guyana for that big event that we're hosting along with the government of Guyana on the 19th to the 21st of May.


In the same vein as for the first few amendments, the fourth demands respect for the rights of sovereign citizens. It recognizes that the government can act against individual citizens on behalf of the public, but sets limiting conditions on the exercise of authority that is granted. Where these next few amendments would limit what can be done under government authority, there is also a consistent and continuing effort by government officers to void the effect of these amendments. Government officers seem in collusion to deny any provision that would hold them personally accountable. They seek protection for damages arising from any exercise where they feel their action is appropriate for those who are set into public authority. In the fourth amendment, the right of the sovereign citizen is recognized as to persons, papers, houses, and property. While there are recognized interferences on behalf of the public, they are to be accomplished under authority of a warrant from a judicial officer. The simple meaning of this is that any, and that is any at all, invasion of a home or seizure of a person or what they own is an exception action, not a general exercise of any officer's authority. It is necessarily a special case interference with a sovereign citizen's right. Of course, this is necessary for governance. Even as every arrest of a citizen involves a potential battery laying on of hands to perfect the arrest, so does every official action of seizure require a special purpose that justifies the action. Under this amendment, the basis for such an action is a warrant issued for the specific act from a judge of proper jurisdiction. It also requires an oath or affirmation upon which that action can be taken and an officer who acts as an officer of the court in serving the warrant. What government has done to defeat this right is to protect government officers from responsibility to the citizens who may be harmed by such exception actions. The usual cop-out is to claim that it is an invasion or seizure that is required as a duty of the office. That is a specious argument. Abusing a sovereign citizen or denying protection is not authorized and cannot be authorized under our constitutional agreement. A citizen does not have a right to do these things and cannot delegate that right to government through agreement. Providing an oath or affirmation to search or seize is not some duty that is required of any officer. The officer who provides that oath or affirmation is personally accountable for the reasonableness of the facts and the presentation upon which the warrant issues. Likewise, the judge is personally liable for acts done under his or her warrant and not to issue a warrant unless there is a reason to believe that the oath or affirmation is a reasonable basis for its issue. The judge needs to exercise due care that his or her authority to issue such a document is not abused by those who would initiate or act on the warrant. The one who serves the warrant and acts upon it is to be personally accountable for any actions that are beyond the specific terms of the warrant. Due care is a requirement. If the effort to serve a warrant goes beyond the limits of the warrant or improperly harms a citizen, that citizen has a basis for seeking redress against all three and they can be held accountable for any unreasonableness or failure to use due caution in their exceptional action against the citizen. Also, there is a personal liability in these officers for unnecessary or unreasonable damages incurred in the serving of the warrant. The harmed citizen has every right to treat any unreasonable damages suffered as the result of a conspiracy among those involved. Article 5 has been mistakenly addressed as establishing a set of citizen rights. Establishing rights is not a valid constitutional purpose. The purpose is ordaining and establishing a government. Further, a citizen has no ability to create new rights for his or her neighbors and accordingly citizens cannot delegate this as a power to government that they create by their agreement. These rights already existed for any sovereign citizen and this government established under the provisions of the constituting agreement is required to recognize the same. These officers are limited in their actions. They are not permitted to abuse a sovereign citizen in violation of any of these citizen rights. The right to be free of capital or infamous crime without a grand jury action establishes a public duty to engage citizen review before even an official accusation of crime. It is a right to be free of exceptional government process in these cases unless a panel of citizens has examined the evidence and find that an indictment or a presentment is appropriate. The inclusion of a presentment is of great consequence even if not commonly supported. It is the power of the grand jury as a representative body of sovereign citizens to address other matters. Their findings may also address ancillary matters as in finding that federal officers engaged in unreasonable acts in creating or serving a warrant or might have manufactured or withheld or destroyed evidence. The grand jury is a representative body of sovereign citizens and does not answer to other public authority. Their findings on other matters can be issued to the court directly and can accuse other persons both civilian and officers of any criminal wrongdoing. Presentments are to be matters for judicial notice and action. The second provision banning double jeopardy is a procedural limitation. The citizen who has faced a federal criminal action and been exonerated cannot be simply reaccused and retried. This is not so much a right as a ban on a past abuse of people by sovereign government actions. Early American history had given effect to abusive practices such as pressing to force people to respond to sovereign government inquiry or accusations. Those who refused to answer were subject to torture or even death should they remain silent. This was wholly inappropriate when the people are sovereign. People did not have a right to compel answer from their neighbors and could not delegate such authority to those who govern as their representatives or agents. As compelling testimony was a recognized abuse, this provision in the Fifth Amendment made it clear that all this behavior would not be authorized. The due process provision is repetitious of language in the original document. Also coming out from a feudal background, the sovereign right of the citizen to real and personal property ownership was intensified. The sovereign citizen had no right to seize his or her neighbor's property and could not delegate the same to those who would govern as representatives or agents of the people. Still, government had needs. And the agreement was, under this provision, that the government could take what it needed so long as it gave just return for the taking. The Fifth Amendment does not grant citizen rights. It is a continuation of the process of ordaining and empowering a government, an agreement among those who are governed. The right against self-incrimination has been directly abused by federal employees who would refuse to publish their actions as public officers. The private refusal is, of course, to be supported. But the consequence of private matters overriding public duty leaves the officeholder clearly unfit for any continuation in public service. While the raising of the amendment is supported, the requirement of representing the public when in public office cannot be denied. There is no proper legal action in serving the public office that might be criminal. Public officers should not be allowed to continue in office if their private matters are such as to interfere with their fulfilling the public office's duties. Our Sixth Amendment does not create citizen rights, but rather establishes conditional rights for a citizen who is accused of crime. It is a very special case interaction where the federal government acts in opposition to accused sovereign citizen. This amendment establishes procedural requirements for the government if it is to prosecute the accused. Under English common law, the sovereign government does not create citizen rights but rather establishes conditional rights for a citizen who is accused of crimes. Sovereign government had unchallenged authority to recognize and prosecute criminal citizen actions. The American experiment held the sovereign citizen authority above that of government. For prosecution in the United States, authority requires recognition of the rights of the people to take action against one another for criminal offenses. That requires delegation of some of that potential, but not all, to the government created through constitutional agreement among the people. Chief among this is recognition of the involvement of a jury of other sovereign citizens. The government is denied ability to act against the sovereign citizen in this special case without the direct and representative involvement of a jury of other sovereign citizens. The government operating under the constituting agreement is never authorized to proceed against a sovereign citizen in the name of the people without a specific involvement of representative group of sovereign people to approve that individual proceeding. Agreement among the members of the jury provides the final authorization for government officers to proceed on the specific action before the court. A secondary matter is the ability to compel others to witness another conditional right granted to a sovereign who is accused of a crime. The citizen cannot be isolated in his or her efforts at defense. Likewise, the citizen can get such professional aid and support as might neutralize the expertise of those who prosecute. The constitutionally authorized government is compelled to support the citizen even as it attempts prosecution under the watchful eye of a citizen jury. In application, the courts have addressed the same rights to compel testimony and provide representation to the prosecution even though the state does not have that right. Fairness in procedural matters has been an element of the common law from before there was the United States. These articles do not establish citizen rights. That would be beyond the constitutional purpose of ordaining and establishing a government. It does recognize and give minimum application to some citizen rights. And it does establish conditional rights for those who must endure public prosecution or whose property is needed by the public for its larger corporate operations. Still, the basic citizen rights belong to we the people.


Now, let us talk about inverse of a matrix that should be very important that is a first thing. But before that we have to talk about adjoint, adjoint of a matrix that adjoint of a matrix can be found only for square matrix and what does this concept adjoint of a matrix. Now let us say if I take any matrix let us say matrix A let us take a matrix A of order 3 means that they are co-factors. Now what is co-factors? Let us see this concept very very carefully. Co-factors of a matrix a co-factor of an element let us say I want to find co-factor of A11 then what do we do? We do minus 1 to the power of 1 plus 1 why this 1 plus 1? Because A11 belongs to first row first column. Into minor of A11 not minor. Minor means minor of A11. Minor means hide the column and the row in which A11 falls. Whatever number you see let us say it is only 1 number left then that number could be the minor. But if you see 4 numbers like this then do a cross multiplication just like you do in the current. So it will be A22 minus A3 A22 into A33 minus A32 into A32 that would be called the minor. So co-factor of that element is nothing but minor of that element along with the sign like this. So in general I can say co-factor of Aij will be minus 1 to the power i minus j minor of Aij. Then whatever 9 elements you see you will find the determinant of it. So minor is nothing but the determinant of the matrix that you get or the sub matrix that you get after hiding the row in the column which that element falls. So Sheeran was asking the question had there been a 4 by 4 what would have been the minor of A11? 9 elements. There would be 9 elements over here left? Determinant of minor with the sign is the co-factor. Is that fine? Now let us say the co-factor in the matrix C like this. It is not probably the right co-factor matrix as COS bracket A that is co-factor of A. So A has been given to you if you make a matrix by replacing the elements with the respective co-factors the matrix obtained is called the co-factor matrix. If you transpose the co-factor matrix then you get something called the adjoint of A. So if you transpose this you get the adjoint of A. Is that fine? Understanding adjoint is very important before we understand the inverse of a matrix because we can actually find the inverse of a matrix from its adjoint. I will come to it in little later on time. In the same position that is why I said replace the elements with their co-factor. So A11 co-factor would be replacing A11. A12 co-factor would be replacing A11. Now I will give you a question. Find the adjoint of A if you are A13-52400 minus P6-1. This exercise together, so you are revising class A11 simultaneously. This exercise you are revising class A11. Then math theory. Two topics would be exactly the same. Let's talk about what is the co-factor for 1. 6 into 0 is 0. 4 minus 0 is 4. So I am writing co-factor 4. Remember 1 to the power 2. So there is no sign along with 4. What about 3? First of all 3, the sign attached to it is minus. Then hide the column and the row in this 3-4. So it will be 2, so it will be minus 2. Take your time. If you have not understood this, please ask me. Next, for minus 5, the sign would be positive again. So I am going to write everything. So hide the column, hide the row. What do you see? You see these correlations. 12 minus minus 12. That is 24. Is that fine? Next. For 2 again the sign would be negative. Hide the column, hide the row and the column which it falls. So you have 3 minus 5, 6 and 1. So 3 minus 30, 33. So altogether the answer would be minus 30. And 33 is the minus for the sign. So minus sign into minus will become your co-factor. 4 comes in 2nd to 2nd column. So sign will be positive. So hide this. So it will be minus 14. For 0, again 0 comes in the 2nd to 3rd column. So you will have minus sign already. So hide the column, hide the row. So you see 6 plus 9 which is 15. Please understand this process of finding co-factor matrix very very clearly. Next. Minus 3. Again plus sign. Hide the row, hide the column so you see plus 20. 0 minus minus 20. Clear? No. How does that? The negative sign of the number doesn't matter. The negative sign attached to its position matters. I plus minus 1 to the power minus j is the sign. Minus 3. Minus 3 in the sign would be minus 1 to the power 3 plus 1. It belongs to the third row first column. So that's the positive. So I didn't write any sign already. Hide this 3 to 0 minus 4 into minus 5. So minus of minus 20. Then for this it will be minus sign again. So hide this, hide this. It will be plus 10 which means minus into plus 10 which is minus. For this again a plus sign. Minus 2. Plus minus plus minus 6. Minus. So it will be hide this, hide this 4 minus 6 which is minus 2. Yes or no? Not sometimes. Many a times it leads to a lot of silly mistakes. People do mistakes, normally do things. She has calculating, doing the determinant minus makes that happen. So for a 3 most commonly asked matrices for you to find the adjoint. I will tell you a shorter way to get the go factor matrix and hence the adjoint. By the way if I find the adjoint here it's very simple. What I have to do? Just transpose it. So the answer will be 4 minus 2, 24, minus 10 and 3, minus 14, minus 15, 20, minus 10, minus 2. Now I tell you a shorter way to find out the go factor and hence the adjoint in a much faster way. But again don't use it in school very explicitly. You may use it just at the upper part to test your result. Let's say I want to find out the go factor matrix for this matrix. Ok go factor matrix for this matrix. So what I will do? I will first write down the elements as they have been given in the matrix itself. Ends as I have shown you by the, no minus 2 will be minus 2, 80, 12 plus 12 would be 24, minus 70, minus 3 will be minus 33, 1 minus 15 will be minus 14, minus 9, minus 6 will be minus 15, 0, minus 20 will be plus 20, minus 10, minus 0 will be this, 4 minus 6 will be minus 2, your go factor is 80, no need. Yeah sure. You have to say 1 to 3.  Yeah specifically to 3 to 3. This specific to 3 to 3, so I have to say that but yes. Specific to 3 to 3. Yes, you are shifting it again. I have to delete it, you are asking. I have to repeat one thing. Let's take another example. You have 2. Ok. So let's say I have another adjoint of, let's say 3 minus 2, 5, 1, minus 1, minus 6, 7, 2, 5. Now, again I am repeating the process. First copy down the same as such, so 3 minus 2, 5, 1 minus 1, minus 6, 7, 2, 5. Ok. Then copy the first row below the, this, copy the second row, so far so good. Now, copy the second column over here. Is that right? Now listen to this. First row completely, erase the first column completely. Now multiplication, whatever you do in determinants. So this will be minus 5. So, co-factor of a would be plus 12, 7, minus 42, minus 5, minus 47. Then 2 plus 7, 9, 10 plus 10, 20, 15 minus 35, minus 20, minus 14, minus 6, minus 20 again. Then 12 plus 5, 17, then 5 plus 18, 23. Then what do you get? Minus 3 plus 2. Is that right? The transpose of whatever you have. Perforate minus 2, what? Isn't it? Now the model of the story is exchange the position of these two and change their, correct? Exchange and change their signs. That means it was minus 6, 5, minus 2. What is the minus 2, 3, 6, minus 5? 4 by 4, maybe you will not be asked also. Very rare. What is actually I joined helpfully? Co-factor checking is a waste of time because almost 30 students will be there in your class. 24. I don't think you should just check, sit and check for the line. Yeah, that's what I'm saying. She may only check the final design, the spectrum of how you have got it. What's also they say if you don't take a mistake is the answer, nobody knows. And you are worried so much, no? Just do it in the rough one. Okay, fine. Now you know the most important one. First of all, astonishing to us, a scalar magnifies this. Let me take a simple example to understand. Let's say A is 1, 3, 2, minus 4. Okay. I'm taking the 2 by 2 so that our working is very less. I would like also you to give me, what is the adjoint of A? Given that I already told you that there is minus 4, 1, minus 3. Okay.  So multiply A with the adjoint of A. No need to check this one because it has to be same. So 1, 3, 2, minus 4 multiplied with minus 4, minus 3, minus 2, 1. What do you get? Minus 4, minus 6, minus 10, minus 3, minus 3, plus 3, 0. Minus 10, 0, 0, minus. Minus 8, plus 8, 0. Minus 6, minus 4, minus 10. Do you see that? You can actually write it as minus 10 times 1, 0, 0, 1.  And minus 10 you would be surprised to know that if you find the determinant of this matrix, that's minus 4, minus 6, which is minus 10. That's why we have this property that A into adjoint of A where A is, let's say, a square matrix of order n of order n. Then A into adjoint of A would be adjoint of A into A. And that product will be A determinant into I n. So basically this is which type of a matrix? This is a scalar matrix. Remember when we were doing types of matrix, I told you scalar matrix is a matrix where the diagonal elements are the same, non-zero scalar matrix. Now from this property comes out the concept of inverse of a matrix. We'll talk about it when I'm talking about inverse. As of now, this property, please note it up. Next, adjoint of AB follows the law of reversal. It's adjoint of B into adjoint of A. Again, law of reversal. A inverse, AB inverse is B inverse A inverse. We'll talk about it in something. Transposing the adjoint itself. Adjoint of A comes first. This as it has. Transposing the adjoint of AB itself.


Nick in the north spaces, know him now that I'm not alone And you're all around, and I have four to nine places All lined up while I'm stumbling around With a spilling car singing This and another way that I am I know he can't stay in the crowd Down by the water, singing all songs My darling, my loving song's going down Crooked up in my waist, I know you But I know myself like I know you're too And I see a lot of faces Just like us and they're going fast And they're speeding, carpooling This and another way that I am Welcome back to another YouTube video I'm super excited to be vlogging for you guys today It is Saturday and I'm gonna do a little weekend vlog at home So this week I actually already filmed a video I filmed a what I eat in a day which is going to go up this coming week So there'll be another video up very soon Autumn is just the best in New England and in the east coast I'm just so happy that it's fall And I want to get all the home vlogs in While I'm here and I really really enjoy these videos They're really fun to make and I just really enjoy them I just personally like watching chill home cozy content Just like long format relaxing content So I've been trying to be really consistent about uploading the vlogs that are my personal favorite So that's why we're here again for another weekend vlog So today I'm just hanging out I have some errands to do I just had a little relaxing morning by myself But I have some friends coming over So now I'm just gonna pick my outfit for the day It is raining a little bit I feel like every time I vlog at home it's raining It's been a bit of a rainy fall But it is raining today I kind of wanted to wear a long sleeve shirt with a vest And then probably just like a casual denim Maybe even leggings Hm Okay, one second Has anyone figured out how to put tight tops on without getting your makeup all over? I have not figured it out Especially with a slick back Okay, just put on the shirt from Adonola The only stuff I have from this active wear brand is from my brand deal That I did with them and this stuff is so cute I did get makeup all over the shirt I got these two mugs from Terrain And then these dried hydrangeas That I thought would be really cute for a fall The girls Like bad girlies Like bad girlies I have a hot take I have a side note I'm scared I'm scared What if we like went out in Fairfield? No No I think... Well, I unfortunately blew my candle out pretty hard Living in New York City But Get your bag This just changed the plan We are going to buy this And do this Because this sounds like the best idea Ever Is this anything unlike anything you've ever had?  I know I was going to say wow Give me your nose on it It's giving like mine It's giving candle Okay It's giving taste like candle I think you just don't like fall I think you don't like pumpkin spice It smells really good Like a candle I'm going to call Tommy And see what he thinks of my PJs You like them? What you been doing?  My team is depending on me to be on time What time is it there? It's like the morning there Good morning vlog Happy Sunday I just put on A little outfit from Brandy This is the outfit that I got yesterday We are about to run out And grab pop up bagels This morning Okay guys I got a new pair of sunglasses I really like them They're from Bonnie and Clyde Bag has been secured Just bagging the rest of the bagels Freezing them And then you can kind of Pull them out individually Eat them Okay In a Q&A We decided When are we gonna do that? Tonight Okay We're heading to the barn now Hang And then we're gonna make dinner I think we're gonna make chicken dumpling Okay guys We bought this cheese yesterday When we are at the cheese shop To do the fondue And it's called Shneedle horn But we don't know if that's actually true Comment if you don't think it's Shneedle horn It's not Shneedle horn What is it? We need to get Shneedle Wait What do you just say? Shneedle Pretty close Wait We'll look it up This is the best cheese I've had in a while Shneedle horn That was right Shneedle horn Yep, it was raw cow's milk With notes of garlic That adds up I'm gonna clean up the kitchen a little bit And then we're gonna get started on Dinner I think my parents are coming For dinner We're making chicken stew Kind of with Dumplings Which are basically just biscuits And then I'm gonna do a cucumber salad That's actually like more Asian inspired By looking at this Start with a B Start with a B End with a B Biscuits So I decided that I wanted to End this weekend vlog With A little Q&A Amanda and I used to do these Back in the day I don't know if I've archived them or not But okay guys If you don't know who Amanda is Amanda is my oldest best friend From my hometown Okay Are you scared? Yeah What was the most unexpected compliment You've ever received? Unexpected compliment Yeah I don't know how you go first No, you go first Okay Can we come back to that? People saying I have nice hair Because I have fried my hair off Into oblivion Mm-hmm Like I do naturally have nice hair Yeah But my blonde has been fried To the core for four years Mm-hmm And I have extensions Like I think people know I have extensions But when people say Oh my god I'm obsessed with your hair Or they Yeah That always surprises me Because I think my hair is my Now it's not But I think that prior to now My hair was my weakest link Mm-hmm Okay Like it's the thing that I think I like Serving the least looks through I totally agree with him For maids as well Really? Yeah, I served the least amount of looks With my natural hair Yeah Okay I don't even know the answer Listen, I'm already laughing Okay A memory that will always make you Laugh that only you guys went through There are so many Yeah, there's a lot A lot, a lot, a lot Oh my god You swinging from the We won We won? We were in Vermont Oh my god I was pro-net And we went on a weekend trip to Vermont At my old Vermont house Mm-hmm And I unprovoked Stripped naked And swung on a rope swing Like full tarzan Full tarzan Into the water Into the water And it was cold That was funny That was really funny Yeah, it was like Around this time of year We have a lot of really silly memories together We have a lot of stuff we cannot share Yeah, definitely But that tarzan one is really funny That is funny Most embarrassing story of each other That you're willing to share When I shot on the beach in Nantucket That's like not even embarrassing Like I feel like that's just like a vibe You filmed it Instantaneous food poisoning When we were in Nantucket And we were on the beach On a moped Or when you threw up on me I took a shot This is actually coming up At Thanksgiving At the bars in my hometown Projectile bomb and it on Amanda I was wearing a white shirt by Jackie And then we continued Continuing on with the night It's like the last time I ever danced Or drink We like don't drink anymore Exactly Advice for someone who's been single for a while And is watching all of her friends Get married and have kids I think that obviously we've seen The data shows that divorce rates Are higher than they've ever been People are finding a really hard time Finding people to commit to them In general like the age of marriage Is being pushed back I think for a lot of reasons So many people are getting divorced That wait until you find your person Like you don't need to rush into getting married I also think it's like with anything else In life Like everyone is on their path At their own pace Totally Like don't compare yourself Yeah It's not like a race Like you're not competing against anyone You need to find your person And even if that takes into your 40s Like Totally Find your person How do you manage to let go of grudges You may hold against those who have wronged you You don't This is a really good question This is a good question for you Because I know that you I'm a grudge holder You're just like You're so loyal What is it you have to say You're so loyal And your circle is so tight I think that if someone were to wrong you enough For you to actually have a problem It would be really hard to come back from that With us Yeah You know I also feel like since we have We obviously have our friendship That's been our whole lives We have a lot of friends That are like hometown friends Long-term friends That our expectation for friendships are higher Like I have such a high expectation I don't really have a lot of new friends I have a lot of old friends That's because you have such good friends We don't really fight though No We don't Um Depends on what they did Right? Mm-hmm Like I've had people I would say the past year Let's just say Do things that were not cool And that made me feel shitty Or whether it was them being a bad friend Or not being a girl's girl They weren't my people So I just like let it go I'm like okay that person's like shitty But moving on Like I have my girls So I think that focusing on Nurturing and maintaining your core group Because if they're your people You're not going to hold a grudge As I've gotten older I held less of a grudge Like I'm easier Because you're more understanding To forgive And I'm like do I really want to like Throw away this friendship Over something so small Right Just because I'm like stubborn I think also realizing that like We all have our flaws Mm-hmm We all can be annoying friends Mm-hmm We all can be selfish Like caring I think less And caring more about the important things And letting the like small things go Resentment is like drinking poison And then hoping it will kill your enemy Like I always feel better when I have peace With everyone 100% Like when I know I have like something Going on with someone Like I don't feel good inside No it's you know I feel like people Who have like vendettas Or hold onto grudges Yeah are the most like miserable people Advice to find your people We've been friends for so long Because we value similar things Yeah Like when I think back at the friends that I let go Like I just didn't feel comfortable around them Like Right it's like a comfort thing Yeah I've met some people in my life That I'm like wow you're so special And I feel like I was able to meet them Because I was myself around them Yeah Being yourself People will only meet you where you're at So if I show up like as 100% page Better chance of me finding like my people Mm-hmm But one person that in my adult life That some of you guys might know Her name is Shannon Ford And I don't like I don't honestly spend that much time with her Just because we live in different places But the times that I see her It just feels like home Mm-hmm And she sent me this text I can't find it But she basically texted me after we hung out once And she was like Being around you is like Makes me feel like I'm at home Mm-hmm And I feel like that is a really good Description of like when you find your people Like no matter where you are You feel like you're at home Yeah You know Like whether it's a partner Or whether it's a friend Mm-hmm What scent makes you feel nostalgic Wood Like wood burning Like a cedar pine Mm-hmm Reminds me of Vermont And like ski lodges It kind of makes me sad too Nostalgia in general makes me like Really, really sad That's why I think I don't like watching Movies very much Like old movies that I used to love It like creeps me out I totally wasn't listening to anything I was saying I like Don't really like nostalgia Yeah I know I hate it Because I get freaked out That like I'm not young anymore And for me it's not about age I've like loved getting older I'm not scared of aging It's more like Like I just miss like coming home From like 7th grade And like eating granola bar on the couch Right It is kind of sad Like you're mourning like a part of your life That you'll never get back Yeah And that reminds you of somewhere That like You'll never really be again in that way What's your goal in the next 5 years To be a slay boss A slaying boss Mm-hmm Amanda's going to start a jewelry company Start a YouTube channel Paige is my life coach Guys there's not enough creators on YouTube Yeah And Amanda needs to do it She's gonna do it I'm just scared Aw No I'm not scared I just feel like I have nothing to talk about But it'll get better right now It'll get better And people like that Like personally for me I like the chill vlogs Yeah same Like people who are running around And traveling and like It's cool sometimes But it's kind of exhausting Mm-hmm Like the people that are You know what I mean Like the busy, busy videos Yeah Like people like the chill At home relaxing Cooking Mm-hmm Chatting videos And for me I want to Reach a lot of business goals And I want to Do less social media stuff And more Business oriented stuff Still leaning into my video content Because I really love video content Maybe get back into like Podcasting And like be married Do you think you'll be married in 5 years?  I don't know We should have them at the same time Same time, I agree What's the best thing you learned so far in your 20s?


Claudia Martinez is a young woman from Guatemala, she works in a pickle processing plant in Pittsburgh and she's a temporary worker and for most of the day she does this.  Yeah? She's a brine displacer, she removes a certain amount of brine from the jar so that they can screw the cap on and move it on its way. Sounds pretty bad or pretty pretty unpleasant type of job. Well it gets worse. Claudia works Monday through Friday usually 40 hours a week and she doesn't get paid till the following Thursday. That following Thursday she gets a paper check and after work she drives down to a check cashing place and she pays a fee, takes her about a half an hour to get fiat currency and then she drives again to go to a wire service place something like Western Union to send some of that money back home to her mom and three sisters in Guatemala. Again more time, more fees usually $10 to say send $100 back home. Pretty bad right? Right? If the fiat system gets worse than that though because Claudia has waited so much time, unfortunately she's organized, she doesn't have to resort to this but there are 10 to 25 million temporary workers living similarly in the United States alone and many of them can't wait to get that money. They can't wait all that time so they take recourse to something called a payday loan. Have any of you familiar with payday loan? Yeah? We probably know it's a very expensive unpleasant thing because a lot of times these people never get out of the hole. They're constantly paying more and more interest. It's a real sad situation. The current fiat system, Jamie Dimon and his band of crypto capitalists and their fiat system is screwing these workers and we need to fix it in crypto. Thank you. So a little bit about me, I'm Greg DeGurion. I'm a founder of Tempwork software. It's a software system that my dad and I wrote in the early 70s and I've been evolving from the early microcomputers and now my oldest children run the company. We're based in Minneapolis but it's very simple on a mature payroll system to simply add an adjustment that would go to a crypto paycard. Of course we have a number of challenges in this system right now. First of all these paycards aren't universally available. We need them to work not just in London or New York but also in a remote village in Guatemala. We're talking about tens of millions of transactions a day that we would need to be able to process for people to really take advantage of. So we have a lot of challenges ahead of us. By the way can I show a hands? How many people have worked a temporary job in their life? Wow, it's almost everyone. I was thinking okay these people only work per hour coding something but so you know what a tough job is like. Sometimes I feel my toughest job ever was to get Python Ethereum to work on my Macintosh. So anyway Tempworks, we've developed two different products on the Ethereum platform. One is if you're familiar with DocuSign or HelloSign basically allows you to create a contract, have different parties sign it, post it to the blockchain. I put a note up on the Ethereum Reddit about that if you want to check it out. The other is this crypto payroll system and basically it's wired together right now. I got into this in 2015 because I was employing a large number of Filipino virtual assistants who were setting up sales appointments and every Friday it was me who was going to Coinbase and paying $50, $100, $75 and these people were perfectly happy to accept crypto. You know Coinbase users here? How many like the interface? No hands that I see. It's pretty hard to do that using most client software for sending crypto. So the idea here would simply be that our system as it evolves will simply be paycheck just like any other paycheck with an adjustment that instead of going to your retirement account would also go to your crypto account. It's something that we need to do. We need to do this for humanity. We need to do it for all these temporary workers. We need to make it so that we're living in a world where instead of Claudia spending all of our extra money and time driving around dealing with the fiat system, instead she's studying Python and Ethereum and it's going to develop the next generation of our crypto solutions. I'd like to thank the Ethereum Foundation, Mexican government, all these wonderful workers who've made the conference so nice. I'm just blown away by the quality of the other presentations. I feel real honored to be up here. But I think I'm really eager to hear from any of you can help me advance this solution and make it become a reality faster. Thank you very much.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you the use of flood fill and set fill style functions available in Graphics.h. I am demonstrating these functions with the help of Turbosy. Before starting, you can subscribe my YouTube channel by clicking on the link which is available at bottom right corner of this video. You can connect with me by following these details. You can download my app Tecimus that is available on Google Play. Now coming on to the topic, you can see I have included two header files Graphics.h and Conew.h. Then main function is implemented inside main two variables gd and gm are declared gd is initialized with detect. So detect with or will automatically identify the drivers for graphics. So gd is graphics driver and gm is graphics mode. Then to initialize graphics, I have used init graph function. Three arguments are passed here gd, gm and a path for graphics library that is C, T, C and BGI. Then first of all, I am going to execute this circle function set fill style and flood fill are coming right now. So circle function is containing three coordinates. First two coordinates are x and y and third coordinate is radius. Then get ch, close graph functions are called and then return zero statement is written because return type of main is integer. Now I am executing this code first. You can see a circle which is drawn on console. Now first time using flood fill and set fill style function. So set fill style function fills a particular style which is predefined inside the circle in red color and flood fill creates a boundary around the function. Sorry around the circle. You can see circle is drawn in white color and it is filled with the style that is applied with a set fill style function in red color.  So this is because of flood fill. So if you don't apply any style, then flood fill fills the circle with the white color. Otherwise flood fill will create a boundary of white color and set fill style, the style which is available inside this function will be applied on that circle. Now if you want to see how many fill styles are available, you can search this function set fill style. This is the help of this function. Here you can see these styles are predefined which you can use empty fill, solid fill, line fill, etc. So you can use any of the style that you want to use in your code. So suppose I am using solid fill. So I am changing it. I am applying solid fill here. I am executing this code. You can see it is solid filled with red color. So there are various predefined styles available that you can use to design any particular circle. Now I am commenting this circle and I am making ellipse using ellipse function. Ellipse function requires six coordinates. First two coordinates are X and Y axis. Third and fourth are starting and ending angles and fifth and sixth are radius for X and Y coordinates. Now I am executing this code. You can see an ellipse is drawn here filled with red color and border is in white color. So border is because of flood fill and red color because of this solid fill style. So friends, if you want to apply any particular fill style on circle ellipse, then you can use set fill style function. Or if you want to apply flood fill for applying any boundary, then you can use flood fill function. I hope you have understood the use of both the functions. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can subscribe my YouTube channel. Thank you for watching this video.


Lance congratulations on getting your first grandmaster norm here at the trade wise Gibraltar chess festival. Thank you Now you drew your game today and earned your norm you're playing against Narayanan. Tell us your thoughts on the game first Well today with white, I think maybe in the opening it was around equal Then I started getting low on time in my position started getting worse, but at the end I managed to find a drawing line Were you nervous at all because you knew that a lot was at stake at this game? I mean, I don't have any rush for the GM norm But of course I was a bit nervous because I just needed a draw with white So I would have been a bit sad if I wouldn't have been able to draw and you're happy with the quality of your games Yeah, I think most of the games I played well. I mean some games. I got a bit lucky like with Richard, but I Think it happened sometimes Now you completed your international master title last month in London you achieved your final norm there and Very quickly, you made your first grandmaster norm. Were you expecting this? No, no, I mean when I did an IM norm I felt very happy But I still thought I had a couple a lot of time before I would be able to achieve a GM norm I knew how hard it is and yeah, I can't believe I got one here so quickly Right now Lance, you've also had quite a few standout performances here in Gibraltar What do you think it is about this place that makes you play so well? I Think it's mostly just being here with the top players I think when I have to study and prepare for a tournament it motivates me more to do well in this tournament Yeah, mainly because because of the strong players. It's inspiring. Yeah Great and now what is you've got one more game remaining Tell us how do you feel about going into round 10 already achieved the grandmaster norm? Well, I'm just gonna play normally and yeah a lot of less pressure We wish you all the best. Thank you. Thanks