You're welcome back. It's still the breakfast on plus TV Africa right now It's time to go to the press and see what the headlines are. We're being joined by Mr. Tunde Kolaulay illegal practitioner Good morning and welcome to the program Mr. Kolaulay. Good morning, my brother. Thanks for having me. It's another great night. Yes, I did have a great night. It's another wonderful day It's a midweek, so we hope that everything will move the way we hope that it will move Okay, so Yeah, we're beginning with the nature newspaper today. There's a headline here that has been on the news for some time now Revealed Lagos areas where air quality is unhealthy and we're seeing the the graphics there we're seeing places like Ibar town or Joe has the highest and then banana island. It's the one with the Best air according to the areas that way We're given here. What is your take? There are some areas where Air is not healthy and there are others that it is, you know, tolerable and others the air is quite healthy I That the air quality has continued improved in Lagos. Why do I say that? You know with the cost of buying petrol and diesel a lot of people have stopped using the accelerators I also find that the ban on Ocaca has also reduced the number of those Ocacada to see on the road because The generator the scooter that is the Ocada They are high pollutant of the air So with them gone one would have thought that the air quality will improve So if the scientists are safe saying I'm finding out That they're not much as improved in Lagos Then it should be worrisome but my solution is that I'm a town We have contributed a great skill To the air pollution that we have in Lagos. It was not nearly the same there are very few industries, industrial industries that are safe for me And the Nigeria is not using co-plants to generate electricity so the cost of the air pollution could be that a lot of people have resorted back to the use of charcoal to cook and do other things. It could also be that they are also using firewood to cook and do some other things because very few people now can afford to buy gas to do their domestic cooking Whatever is responsible for this The government needs to do a lot to improve the air quality and to Banana Island where you know they are those settlements is really sitting on an ocean There are those are some till areas where you put at least their their houses and the breeze coming from the ocean most likely kind of improve only are they responsible for the better quality here that the people are doing here in those places and whatever it is Air pollution is not a good thing for human beings it's causing the lung causes infections irritates the eye and some of the countries that people do suffer from caused by some of the things that they need around the environment so it's a thing that the government should pay very serious attention Okay, but these numbers that they have given here and the places that they have put I don't know how accurate this is I was expecting that a place like Ojodubega I always call that because I know that place so well it could have been part of it because as you're entering Lagos it just tells you the people of Lagos are very careless when it comes to waste management if you go on the bridge at Ojodubega you will be shocked at the kind of thing you will see at the median the median is supposed to be a very, very beautiful place the way it was built the roads were built and that place has space maybe there will be street lights some day inside there or maybe they will plant ornamental trees and that place is littered when we are looking for a society where there will be zero open defecation if you go to Bega it is the direct opposite of that and Bega is the welcome to Lagos that we know and the government doesn't seem to be doing anything about it is it because maybe they go in their cars and they don't get to ever climb that bridge you see what is happening there it has become a toilet for a lot of people if you go up that bridge trust me so what is the government doing it is not enough to just show places where the air is not good enough what are they doing what should they do maybe I should ask you this I agree with you I have always said if you find a group of people that are unable to manage their waste the group is said to see the operating on the level of animals that sort of persons are not different from the animals that will live with as human beings so there is a lot of it we can show them that we manage our waste and improve their quality there is a Bega that you mentioned there are two three things in there most times like you have observed people dedicating to dilution around them the animals the cows that are sold around this place also do quantification which is never managed and what has happened I know a lot of bonding also takes place in there when animals are slucked they are kind of they try to try to to cook them using charcoal using wolves and all manner of they use taya to cook again to taya to exactly again I think there are also a few industries around there which will be Bega there that are female operating but whatever the response all of these things are not that if we are not to be in the neighborhood of animal we must be able to manage whatever waste that is generated whether it's human waste whether it's animal waste or whether it's whatever waste may be polluting our air it's not too good for us as a people this takes us back to a time when punch also did a similar research and then they find them around the cater was said to be a problem and then some industries some aluminium smalting and pan making industry around those places was said to be responsible for the heavy poor air pollution around the cater but then we have new environment but at the state level they are supposed to be ensuring that these things can be managed so I hope they will reach out to me this morning and swing it to workshop to improve our health a lot of things that we are suffering right now is because of the fuel subsidy removal and everybody was like okay now that our refineries are working we're going to have some kind of relief a dango tea refinery is yet to kick off to produce the fuel that we need for our cars and generators and everything that we need the potharkot refinery is set to resume operations after 1.5 billion dollars makeover is the headline here still on nature news and yesterday we got the information that they are now trying to privatize it even when we've been told that that place is being privatized now is the time that they want to they have opened the beat they want to privatize that thing so production may still take a long long time but I don't know what you feel about that headline potharkot refinery is set to resume operations after 1.5 billion dollars makeover we have started the dango tea refinery we have started the dango tea refinery I think there is a very clear news coming from dango tea refinery the last I read is that the refinery has started the production but they are not starting with petroleum I think they are starting with diesel and then I think aviation of fuel and some other auxiliary fuel but immediately they have finished on the production of diesel aviation and water fuel chances are that they will go into testing for the test run of producing a petro that the other people can generate and water fuel to use but with the potharkot refinery I am not where can go the tunnel and then I think it's set to be successful but selling what you have a turnaround with about 1.5 billion honestly wouldn't be good news for most engineers what people would have been saying is that if you know you are going to privatize this refinery why don't you in the first instance privatize it as it is and whoever buys it will do whatever turn that maintenance that it requires to do but if you have pumped a lot of these taxpayers' money into turning around that refinery and then you sold it or you privatize it which is not related to be at the premium because people will make enough and they will plead for it they will not be bidding for that refinery as a new refinery or refinery that is in top shape they will see it as a very old refinery and probably they might make it very ridiculous of us to be able to take that refinery I wouldn't think it is wise enough to first turn it around before you not begin to privatize it could be you have used very good money to chase a very bad test and then for them more when you look at the issue of privatization in this country most of the public institutions most of the public utilities most of the public industry that have been privatized most of the public most of the public companies that have been privatized very few of them are doing well today remember remember Nicaragua Nicaragua and so many of them all of them have gone on them most of the people who have both those companies know that who are after the asset their properties and as soon as they buy they strip those companies of the asset sell the properties they cover their money and leave the cacas over there for the Nicaraguan people to be looking at to their charging and to state so I am not too sure privatizing that refinery will be the best for the Nicaraguan people why do I also say this look at a country like China most of their big companies are sitting on by government and they are doing well so what that tells us is that it is not true that any industry run by the government will not do well China has opened up to be wrong that it is only when institutions and companies are managed as a capitalist concept that is when you get good management somewhere that is when they make good profit that is when people have value for their for their money the last take I want to make on this is that the workability of either the Nicaraguan refinery or the Partakot refinery or the Karepo refinery and others may not necessarily turn out to make all over the country very cheap rate whether it is diesel, petrol or whether it is gas the reason is very simple if the goods that is not to be used to produce these products are sold at the international market if they are dollar denominated the possibilities are that when those refineries produce using dollar denominated raw material they be selling at the terminal at the international market today at such that will not make the work cheaper it may also make it available all over the country and so long the value of the mirror is also not as far with the dollar than the fans talent chances are that the prices of personal products will not come down in Nigeria will not reduce the refineries that are working will not necessarily translate into tube well in Nigeria at best all that is happening is near availability at very high cost and if they are available and they are all available then the Nigerian people will be at the same spot they used to play before the refineries started working so anti-kidnapping protests it has reached the stage where people have begun protesting so today it is going to hold in Abuja what do you think? honestly speaking I think we must give good good dose to those who are organizing this anti-kidnapping protest in Abuja if the Nigerian people who organize similar protests in some other parts of the country I think it will also be a welcome development why do I say this? whatever happens to our brothers and sisters to our children in Abuja one way or the other also affect those of us who are in Lagos who are in Potakot who are in Kalaba because all Nigerians will be sent to the Abuja Keepers more important than the two it's the price it's a shame for Nigeria that we should be having the kind of kidnapping that we are seeing in Abuja Abuja is supposed to be the seat of power and the most secure place in Nigeria in fact let's remind ourselves that part of the reason the federal capital was relocated from Lagos to Abuja to the security consideration as the period in time it was ideal that having the capital in Lagos make us vulnerable to outside invasion and that once your capital is captured in Lagos your country is as good as being defeated and so the federal capital was moved to the center of the country now we are in Abuja and Abuja is not safe we collect the roads between Abuja and Tadunah the roads between Abuja and Nokoja and see the worst roads in terms of security in this country shockingly enough while Abuja is insecure we still find out that the politicians the public office owner who was a duty to ensure that we have security not just in Abuja but all over the country appear to be nonchalant say for example the nature of the federal capital heritage former governor Wulke he could be said to be the governor in Abuja but most of the time we find him going back to the state to engage in political activities his company for local government chairmen and councilors he is also going there to hold the meeting which is a good time when he should be on the seat in Abuja ensuring coordination the security agencies are making sure that they are able to guarantee security for the entire people of Abuja from what we are seeing today Abuja appear to have been thoroughly invested with security challenges they are penetrated and except something is done to weed out all those who are treading the security of Abuja then the country is turned for because if your capital is not saved where else is going to be saved in the country and then they get look at the potential manner in which this is happening is taking place those who are engaging have known themselves whatsoever for the architecture for the security architecture of Abuja they also do not have respect for the security chiefs who are also domiciled in Abuja honestly speaking this is frightening frightening so many respect they kidnapped these people they ran some money and when the money is not coming they also jack up they ran some that they are asking for and when the ransom is not paid they begin to kill one after the other the people that are in their custody honestly this is shameful this is frightening this is something that both Mr. President the security chief the IG of police in particular should pay serious attention to and you ask yourself we have been asked to provide our NIN we have been asked to furnish our BGM in all the banking transaction so if other countries like Africa, like Ghana have effectively been using the NIN BGM to track down and arrest and get hold and get hold of criminals criminals why that is not helping us in Nigeria it is shocking to me because you will find out most of the ransom that are paid one way or the other also end up in the times and then besides all over the world today once you have the phone and use it to make a call the security people in other countries of the world are going to track you effectively wherever you may be but that seems not to be working in Nigeria but these people are keep laughing they are making use of telephones they are making calls and they are also receiving money which at the end of the day also end up in the times so why is all this being that we are strong not working for us the former minister of digital economy honorable pantheon also yesterday and the day before yesterday despite a situation on why Nigeria is not making use of BGM in other countries of the world to track criminals the reasons are not perfect they are not paying attention to these things they are too preoccupied with political activities they are the tribunals they are the tribunals making sure that they won't be kicked out of the tribunal in an editorial on the Guardian newspaper it is stated that state police restructuring security agencies is a panacea to kidnapping and others do you agree with this? I do, I do if I remember I wrote a article on Facebook in which I did detailed analysis of the kind of security architecture that Nigeria would require to put in place if we are going to be able to guarantee the rights and property of the ordinary Nigerian citizen I did not just advocate for state police I also argued that the local government require to have their own police I also argued that the church is a mosque and in the schools because I have members, associations all these two above 500 persons at the time in a particular place they should be allowed to have their own police they should be licensed to run their own police and then the government would have to recruit to their police to be trained to carry weapons to be able to defend their people Nigeria is such a huge country 200 million people with all all sorts of challenges so without breaking down the security architecture without allowing more security people to come in we might not be able to guarantee and provide security for the lives of our people for their properties and then secure the environment the way to be secured yes let us do political activities let us also practice truth journalism not just politically but in the area of security ok well we do hope that we will find a solution because the political class according to some headlines here security chiefs have promised action on killings and abduction as they are calling it and yesom wike has summoned an emergency meeting security meeting over kidnapping all the governors are worried about this and the president also has raised a red alert over rising banditry kidnapping and the likes that is on the nation newspaper but what one headline that is on all the papers is the unfortunate event that happened in Ibadan many feared killed houses destroyed in Ibadan explosion you heard about that didn't you sir can you take that again many feared killed houses destroyed in Ibadan explosion that is on the nation newspaper and eventually it is on all newspapers the explosion that happened in Ibadan I don't know what could be responsible for such explosions but you know a lot of us a lot of people now use gas and you find out that gas filling plant stations and stands have been established within domestic areas in some places we are generally they should not be established furthermore some of the precautions that people should take when they are establishing gas plants when they are building petrol stations and what are known they are no longer doing gas and then those we should monitor those we should ensure that people comply with the rules and regulations for establishing those things there seems not to be dreaming and again too our people have not stopped keeping petrol in their homes people who are who are still able to run their generators people who are the most fighting of scooters and people who use petrol to power some modern machineries and water too still keep a petrol in case and in their homes in their shops in their offices and in the market places gases are also kept the way our manager should not be kept these are highly inflammable products that we should keep only when we are able to guarantee all the safety measures that we got to be put in place before such things are kept in the human environment but we are not staying there I hope that the fire fighter in New York State and Waterloo will be able to overcome whatever we have caused that explosion and take appropriate measures to ensure that there is no premature performance of the explosions human error carelessness nonchalant attitude it seems that to comply with the regulations that goes with keeping explosives are mostly responsible for this explosion that we see that cause human casualties and destroy our property of the nations or individuals of properties well we it's not been confirmed what the cause of the explosion was and we do hope that is something that is verifiable and we do hope that is not a bomb we do hope that maybe is gas or some of these things that could explode but lives are involved families are involved properties are involved and everything our hearts go to the people of Ibadan they keep suffering these things from time to time insecurity here and there and now there is an explosion we do hope that God will be with them all the time this is where we draw the curtain we would like to thank you so much for being a part of our program this morning thanks for having me it's always a pleasure you too and I wish you safety thank you very much you too ok we've been talking with Mr. Tunde Kulao a legal practitioner on off the press we're taking a short break now and when we return we'll take our first hot topic stay with us


So we are here doing the CSE 2015 midterm one question number three. Problem number three, which is about writing a predictive recursive descent parser for this grammar. So the first step of this grammar is proving that the grammar supports a predictive parser, which would go through the rules, but we're not going to do that now. And we need to write the functions parse v and parse 2. Come with me later after you're done. I'm recording right now. And I have a meeting at 4.45. Okay. I'm not a new part of it. So yes, the first part. So parse v. We need to write parse v. Okay. Cool. So we have v. Oh. So we need two options.  Right? So the first thing we need to do is get a token. Right? Cool. So what do you want to check? Is it the rule b goes to cb? So what do I need to check? I don't know. I think you parse c right now. Parse c? But I don't know if it's this rule or this rule. So they check. Would you check for the first of b? I need to not check. The first of b contains both of these firsts. The first of cb, that's what I'm going to do. The first of cb. Okay. Right? Because I already proved in part a that the first of cb is the same from the first of b, capital D, little b. Right? I've already proved that in part a. So I want to check if the t type exists in the first of cb. So what is the first of cb? Would it be just c? I don't know. It would be cb. It would be little bit cb. Right? Well, let's see. Well, let's see. cd and epsilon. Yeah, c. Or d. T type is equal to d. Right? Whose follow? The follow of d. d. A follow of b. Follow of b. Follow of b. Right? Because it's whatever comes after b. I got you. D also comes after b. But we don't know. Actually, that may work. But I don't want to think about that. Because that's going to mess everybody up. So we want to check. Because there is an epsilon that exists in the first of cd. And we cannot check for epsilon. What we can check for, though, is the follow of b. And that's because of the epsilon. Okay. So now I understand. Or b. T type is equal to e. What other follow of b? Oh, z. Okay. I'm looking at the first b. Right? So if it is, then I know I'm in this rule. b goes to cd. So what do I do? So now I need to call part c. What do I have to do first? And why? We should un-get-token. Un-get-token why? Just because you do the follow. That's the only reason. Because the follow. Because we just read a cd or an e. Does this rule produce a cd or an e? This rule. Right here. No. b goes to cd. This rule itself does not produce a little c or a little d. No. That's going to come from either c's or d's. Or after us even for an e. So you basically say we always call un-get-token. Well, we can't attempt non-terminal. First. All right. We need to call it. We only want to consume a token when our rule produces that token. Okay. Like here we want to, as we'll see in the other clause, we actually want to consume that b token because that came from this rule. And then we're going to call parse d. And then we're going to want to consume that d. So I'll like to summon token when it comes from that rule. Yes. Okay. That's everything. So we call un-get-token. And then we parse this rule. So we want to say parse c. And if that returns correctly, we will parse d. And we print out a b goes to c d. That makes sense. So else is going to do the other check. If. Right. So what do we need to check? First of all, d, d, b. Yep. d, d, b. So what's that first set? B. So that's if t-token goes b. And do I need to check the follow? Because there's no epsilon. You said only if it's epsilon. There's no epsilon in my mind. And by part one, we already proved that we know that there exists an epsilon in here. That means there must not exist an epsilon in here because it's a predictive grammar. So we know that epsilon cannot exist both on this side and this side. Now, is this a coincidence that when you check the first of c d, there was c d here in that b. And in this case, it was only b. Yes. Because all of these, this first set of b, right, is the first set of this union with the first set of this. Okay. So it's not a coincidence. Nope. Okay. That's something that worked. Okay. So if it's a b, now I know I'm trying to parse this rule. So do I call unget token? No. Because now d came from unget token rule. So it's called get token. So now I want to call parse d, right? Oh. Okay. And now when d returns, now I need to make sure that the next token is a b. So you check again. Exactly. And then here, so I have t type equals to get token. Now I want to think about, so now I want to check if t type equals b, right? Yeah, there's two ways you can do it. I mean, if t type, so look at this, if t type equals b, then I print. And that's b goes to about little b, capital b, and then b. L, so what if it's not that way? This is syntax error, right? Yep. I remember that. And they're not quite done. So we finish this if, this if else. So what if none of these are true? Just tell us syntax error, right? It's going to be a syntax error, right? There's none of them. So what in the case where you actually print epsilon? What's the next one? Is the next one print? Yeah. See? We have time to do that? Yeah. It's just fine. Because this is recorded. So I can look at multiple gigabytes of it. That's a fair idea.  Yeah, this is good enough. Because I'm talking through it, so if I could just listen to the recording again, I was here. I don't know those poor people who aren't here. They're watching on someone. They're not here by everybody. Just so you know. One in the video, like a minute. Throw in the video and then we'll be good to go. Okay, part C. So now we've got a part C, so we always need to get the token. T time. Let's get tokens. Cool. I have two different rules. I'm going to check the first rule. So if, what am I checking? Now we're checking the first of little C, big C. Yep. And say T time equals C, little C. And you, the part C. And do I want to call and get token? No, because there's not so much. But do we part C? Because it's the same. Okay, I guess you're right. So we part C. Yeah, right. So it's recursive. I was going to keep doing this. But look, every time we call part C, we have consumed a token. We've consumed a C from the input. So it's not, we're not going to infinitely loop because we're moving through the output. Okay, yes, that makes sense. Because next it won't be C. Exactly. And then eventually, this next rule will kick in. So then what's the else of this? Else of what? Else of, now it's checking for the first of Epsilon. I mean, the first of the second rule. So there's, so I'm checking here. So I want to check the first of Epsilon, which is Epsilon. But we know I can't check Epsilon. So what do I do if there's an Epsilon in the first set? Yeah, so Epsilon, you check and follow. Yes. So it's always the follow of the rule. Yes, a lot to answer. Okay. So that's, so now we check if it's D or E. Now if it is. Now if it is. What do we do with that token? Do we ungate it or not? We ungate it because it's a follow. Yes. And because this didn't come from us, right? We generated nothing. Right, that came from. We've got a D or an E. That came from after us, right? So we know we need, we know we have to put it back. Oh, here I'd print. Oh, okay. All right. Print. C goes a little C fixy. Okay. So ungate token, then I print. And this is what you say C goes after. Yep. C goes hard. Everything's hard until it's easy. That's true. I'll take your understanding. And now. And then else. Else would be syntax error. Yep. And this is part of. That's this if else, right? And so, yeah, you can see the recursion here, right? Every time this goes, when we keep reading Cs, we keep creating the rule C goes to big C low. Big C. Big C. We keep parsing that. And then at one point we'll read a D or an E so we know that C chose the transition of C goes to epsilon. Okay. So we can stop parsing that and our call stack goes all the way back. Okay. All right. Yes. So then we ungate tokens if we do a follow. Okay. Let me stop this for a second. Okay.


So we hope that Zimbabwe comes in in a minute, but before it is that far and before I go to present you, I'm just writing our bit down, to formally introduce this series of, yeah, it's quite all different things. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Can you hear me? There are students here in the OVD, but also there are students in many places in the world. You are connected to us now. Welcome to this story. My name is Johan van Dijk and I'm the Business Director of the Institute. And it's my pleasure to have you here for this seminar, Water and the Sustainable Development Goals, a vision for healthy people and healthy environment. This seminar is for you here, students in the audience. But it also is to mark the UNESCO IHE Alumni Day that we have celebrated last week. And in connection to this event, we are proud to have this first online seminar that's also open to our alumni. For the students here, I hope that most of you have been positioned to attend last opening of the academic year 2016, where I already mentioned that you are now part of a big family as a matter of 15,000 alumni. Because that's the number of students that have graduated from the Institute since 1957. Since these first lectures, we have developed not only our education program, a research and innovation, and what you call our capacity development and institutional strengthening. And we also come to this online seminar that's just the latest development in sharing knowledge and skills with you. Today we are in the experience as a presentation. I can see it on the screen on the other side in South Africa. Welcome here. This is the regional director and reputable regional office for South Africa in New York. This is the UNESCO Reputant Institute in Botswana, the Institute of Malawi, South Africa, Swanson, Singapore, and Zambia into the South African region. And it is also the regional team in Africa, and of course touch to UNESCO IHE girls. I think we will be speaking at the same time. I hope so.  I think. Okay. I just need those programs in the hands of Mark Zuckerberg. And I love you all, and I wish you a very inspiring seminar. The first of this kind of year in this country. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Your welcome for these introductory words. Celebrating indeed that first time seminar for Under Night. Well, HIP is already there, and I trust that your sound system is working. Let me give you a slight little bit further of your introduction. HIP has swiped an impressive resume, CV, implemented short missions, team leaders, addition to what Johan already said, team leader of a number of bigger projects, among which the switch project called Water in the City of the Future, in which we were joining forces with many other organizations in the world to develop water management as an objective, obviously, to reduce water consumption to maintain high water policies. Besides his current work at UNESCO, Regional Director and Representative, he continues to hold positions as full professor at UNESCO IHE, the Institute since 1995 and at Wageningen University. He would have published over 400 articles and books, and presented numerous unique notes in the fields of water management, microbiology, environmental scientists, biotechnology, symmetry, and environmental engineering. And he also covers topics of international cooperation, in which he, of course, is in the middle. Sustainable development, the millennium development goals, sustainability development goals, and climate change, and serves on the parts of many important institutions. From his background here, he joins UNESCO in 2006, directed UNESCO Regional Sign Bureau, as Johan already was mentioning. Yes, Martin, I can hear you loud and clear. Let me also check if you can hear me from how loud it is. We have regional office for Southern Africa in Harara, and UNESCO representative for a whole bunch of Southern African countries. So far for the introduction, let's get started. Let me also check whether you have the first slide on the screen. That is the title slide. The method is not going to be used. Yes, we found that out. Okay, thank you. So let me first of all say it is a great pleasure for me to join you over there. I believe this is the new batch of students joining the IHE programs, and it's very good that in this first week you're all together, so that we have a chance to discuss about some of the common issues and challenges in the water sector. And now I'm happy to be connected. I'm happy to be again with UNESCO IHE. I'm still engaged with UNESCO IHE, but as Martin already indicated in the introduction, I work now full-time for UNESCO, and I'm based currently here in Harara, which is a new regional office for UNESCO. Now actually, I hope many of you know, today is a very special day. It is UN Day. And therefore, while I will focus my presentation on water and the SDGs, I would like to share a few introductory comments on water. I don't know, I'm not sure.  I can continue, I guess. So next slide. This is the logo of the UN Day celebrations, 71 for 17. That means 71 years of experience of the UN to support the 17 SDGs. Next. Yeah, you will know that the United Nations was born in 1945, exactly on this day, 21st, 24th of October. And the UN is central to global efforts to address challenges and problems faced by humanity. And to address these huge global challenges, we have over 30 affiliated organizations in the UN system. UNESCO is one of them. Next. And what does the UN do? Basically, we work in six areas. The first is to support economic development, to work on social progress, international law, and actually next doors from Delft in The Hague. There is the International Court of Justice to promote issues of human rights. And last, but not least, the achievement of world peace. Next. Now, the UN has, of course, different images. When you think of the UN, anything may come in mind. The acronym of UN, some people tell me, well, it's useless nations. Some say UN is unable and it is indeed sometimes difficult. The UN is also confused sometimes and by some as the Security Council, which indeed is a bit of an archaic system in the UN with veto powers. But actually, what the UN is, it is you and me. It is all of us together. It is all the member states together. And that's, I would say, the success of the UN. At the same time, it is sometimes the source of frustration because you need to agree with 194 member states to be able to make progress and advances. Next. Now, let me come to the theme of water. And I believe water is a good theme because it embodies the whole issue of the need for cooperation, the need for multilateralism. Water doesn't recognize borders. Water is a basic human need. Water is life. Water is a basic human right. So the current Secretary General, when he started his mandate eight years ago, almost eight years ago, he launched this term. He said, climate change is the defining issue of our time. And I express hope here that considering that over 90% of climate change impact is water related, I hope the new Secretary General will come out and say, actually, water is the defining issue of our time. Now, let me make the case for that in the presentation. Next. First of all, water is life. Now, this picture embodies this. This is a picture taken from the moon. There is no water. There is no life. It is a dead body, actually, the moon. And what we see over there on the horizon is planet Earth. And the only color you recognize is white and it is blue. And this symbolizes water. It is the oceans and the clouds. Water is life on this fantastic planet Earth. Next. And that reflects, therefore, on the roles of water. Water is essential for our food production. More than 70% of all the fresh water used goes to produce our food. Next. We need water for people, drinking water, washing water, bathing water, household water. Next. We need water to run our industries. Next. We use water to produce energy. Very important in this region. We use water for transportation. We use water. It is important in recreation and tourism. Think of it. This is one of the biggest economic sectors today. Whenever we have free time for recreation or go on tourism, we look for water. Next. And after all these uses for people, we sometimes forget that water is also essential for nature. For the ecosystems to support the biodiversity. Next. Now, here a reflection on how much water do we use and the increase in water in freshwater consumption over the past 100 years or so. And you see a very steep increase. First of all, on the left, the most thirsty sector, as I said already, is agriculture. The production of our food will be a huge challenge for the second half of this century. It is a major question that needs to be addressed and resolved. The second biggest user is domestic use, water for people. And the third biggest user is industry. And these two sectors, and I could in fact include the first one also agriculture, not only they use a lot of fresh water, but also after using it, they return it back to nature, but usually at a very much inferior quality. So pollution comes in. And that presents another major challenge in the water sector. Very briefly, next slide on why is water so important for UNESCO. In UNESCO, water is a principal priority in the science sector. The assets of UNESCO. And we have therefore in Paris, the so-called division of water sciences that manages the IHP program, the International Hydrological Program which is a global cooperation between scientists on hydrology and water. UNESCO also hosts the secretariat for a UN-wide program called the World Water Assessment Program that comes up with a report every year. You see here the third pillar is UNESCO IG. It's you, over there in Delft which is the capacity building and the research component of the water program. And then besides that, the fourth pillar is a large number of specialized centers all over the world, category two we call them centers in the field of water and also UNESCO chairs at universities. Next slide. So that briefly on UNESCO but back to the global challenges as we face them in the water sector. The first category of challenges relate to water and people. How does water affect us? Today close to 0.8 billion people live without access to safe water. So that remains a big challenge also in SDG 6. Over 2.5 billion people have no access to improved sanitation. Some 5 billion people globally live near polluted water bodies contamination and the contact with that potentially causing disease. And therefore millions and often children die from water bomb disease today. We see that still there is a challenge of hunger and food security with 150 million people living in food insecure situations. And I list that here underwater for people challenges because the main limiting factor to increase our food production today is water.  We cost it ourselves but it has impacted the hydrological cycle which today is very erratic. Next. Then we have another set of challenges that I would categorize underwater and water quality challenges. We see a sharp increase in worldwide water use. There is over abstraction. There is land subsidence and decertification as a result of it. We see that 85% of the population globally lives in the driest half of the planet. And climate change and extreme weather events is making it much, much more difficult. This causes food insecurity. We see also rapid urbanization processes taking place in many countries and that increases water footprints in on the catchment. And I refer already to the massive pollution of vital water resources be it by a point source pollution sewage, industrial affluence but also non-point sources. Think of this. Agriculture is a major contaminant because of and then often times of very nasty chemicals like pesticides. But think of it, this doesn't come out of a pipe. This is diffused pollution that cannot be easily collected and treated. So a major issue and also nitrogen, the fertilizer is of course meant to stimulate growth of crops but most of it gets lost, reviled of water, infiltrates of our groundwater and surface water systems. Biodiversity loss is another major challenge that I list here under these long list of water challenges. Next slide. And it is a defining moment in time because we have early this year closed the MDG chapter, the global efforts to support the Millennium Development Goals, eight of them and turned the page to a new agenda which is a much more complex and comprehensive agenda. A few words on that new agenda in the next slide. You see here the set in the next slide, the set of 17 goals and of course a particular interest today is goal number six. Goal number six here says clean water and sanitation but I should emphasize that the goal if you look at the text it is, it goes much further than that. It is not just the water for people component, it includes water management, pollution, water quality, water quality issues in fact it intends to address all the lists of challenges that I presented just a minute ago. And that makes it a comprehensive comprehensive goal. Next. So water also relates to all these other sustainable development goals. I predict none of them will move forward in the way we plan them if we don't manage the water goal. Next slide. Well this picture is basically meant to say we need to zoom out and see the bigger picture of the issues and when you see 17 goals long list in fact personally I memorized this not the process but the result of having 17 goals which are very hard to memorize and to understand. This is a very complex agenda and it could have been simplified because the main issues are fewer. And therefore I would like to ask us to zoom out and see the bigger picture what is the bigger picture at stake. Now this is a picture you see it. It is a gun. It is a symbol of violence and killings and all the bad but then to the next slide you see the big picture. Next. You see really that the big picture is that this is a monument for peace. It is exactly the opposite. And this is what happens if you zoom out and look at the bigger picture. I believe this is the time to do that. If we zoom out and see the 17 goals we see a bigger picture that looks more simple. Next slide. The bigger picture is this one. It is a picture where basically the agenda 2030 entails three main pillars. The first one being the unfinished business of the MDGs on the right hand bottom. That is the challenge of eradicating poverty associated syndromes of health and access to services and food. Then we have the big question of sustainable development and a green economy. And the third one equally important is the big question of peace and security. So in a way I have captured here the whole SDG 17 goals in three simple pillars. Next slide. Now back to water and how it relates to all the other SDGs. I have tried to make a qualitative assessment of that. Let's go back to the MDGs. Water was locked up under goal 7 target 7C. It was very limited in its positioning in the MDGs. And target 7C was limited in itself again because it was only talking about water and sanitation. Therefore in today's framework of the SDGs it is much broader. And you see here I just with pluses I have tried to indicate whether water is an important dimension in the particular SDG. And you see for all the SDGs it is very relevant. The more pluses the more relevant. Of course the biggest number of pluses is earned by SDG 6 which is particularly on water. Next slide. For the other SDGs you see the same and not given four pluses to a particular SDG 11 sustainable cities. How can a city be sustainable if we don't manage a sustainable water system for these cities. Sustainable production and consumption. Climate action and also say the oceans. That's where the bulk of our water is on this planet. It is in the oceans. Next slide. So as I said zooming out is useful because then you tend to see the bigger picture. Now if you have to deal with 17 SDGs that can sometimes be very complicated. I would say zooming out would shoot learners that there are key issues and they are interlinked. If you look at food, water, energy that is a nexus that should be considered together. They are very closely linked. But now let's dream a bit. We go beyond 2030 and we would have solved the food security the water issues and the energy. If we would have done that then we would have solved many of the other problems listed in other SDGs. We would have no more climate change. When you renewable energy we have solved the food security issues which drive also a lot of climate change emissions accountable for some 30% of global climate change. We would have sustainable water management systems and therefore by diversity loss no more a problem. Environmental sustainability is there. And it would also address other issues of poverty and inequalities. So what I am saying here is that by zooming out you see the main issues the strategic issues that are catalytic and can help address and solve the other SDGs. This one and so therefore I would say the agenda 2030 it uses new language as well. It talks about transformative shifts. But zooming out and looking at the key strategic issues would identify these three sectors energy, water and food. And if we managed to transform these three sectors we would basically have addressed the whole list of SDGs and made transformative change towards a new world down the road in the second half of this century that is truly sustainable. And therefore I say this transformative change should lead to new energy it will lead to new water and it will lead to new food. And now you ask what is that? Well that is what I am going to explain in the second half of this presentation but up from that I would say what it also needs is a new mindset. We need to be open, we need to be innovative and we need to drive this world towards sustainability. Next. Now to illustrate the point let me first explain the current unsustainable use of water. Two examples water for food security as I said 70% of our fresh water goes there and the second example is water for sustainable cities or settlements or it applies equally in villages and settlements. Next. So first the water for food as I said earlier the challenge is how to provide food security for 9 billion people in 2015 when today already 70% of our fresh water goes there. Do we have that water available? So I always say today the key limiting factor to increase our food production is water. Of course water is also available land and then we also need to recognize that our current food production is not sustainable as it is today because it is causing too much environmental setup climate change gas emissions pollution of nasty chemicals etc. Next. And that is what is presented here. FAO did some calculations and they calculated that in order to feed sustainably 250 in 2050 9 billion people we need to increase food production by 60% and in some of the in most of the developing countries by 100% but what does that mean for fresh water for our water in terms of quantity and quality and my prediction is if everything stays the same as it is this will lead to a massive water quality and water quality crisis. Next. And therefore I use this term that was launched by the club of Rome in the 70s there are limits to growth and if you look at our current food production system which is in fact the result of a Neolithic revolution it is about 11-12,000 years back that we decided as a species to instead of hunting and gathering to settle and grow our food that system has been carried forward basically in the same way for the last 11 or more thousand years and I would say that again zooming out the big picture we are probably coming to the end of the shelf life of the Neolithic revolution. Let's reflect on that why do I make that statement but if you analyze what the impact is of our food production system you see that it occupies 25% of all habitable land it is responsible for 70% of our freshwater consumption for 80% of deforestation for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions it is the largest driver of biodiversity loss it is and I refer to that a big contaminator but of diffuse pollution that is very difficult to manage but also and especially the bio industry it creates a number of ethical issues both in the bio industry but also agriculture think of it we always romanticize agriculture and farming and think of these poor rural farmers in rural Africa it is hardship to make a living out of agricultural small scale in rural areas so these issues are there and next slide we sorry yeah the next slide I want to introduce the second example this one can you run the animation back one slide back and then start it again it doesn't run next yeah something yeah now it runs water for cities or settlements what we see is our system is simple we have a water resource we take water from there we treat it to the highest quality of drinking water the distribution network high consumption in the cities in households industries etc that generates a lot of waste water sewage that needs to be collected in big pipes under the streets a sewer network then hopefully at the end of the pipe we have a treatment plant that brings back this water to a decent quality and then you see the effluent go back and usually it goes back to the same resource where it came from the big wide arrow is the biggest consumer and that's the food security part the food production consumes 70% of fresh water but also generates the brown arrow back a lot of pollution so you see that in fact water in the city and water in settlements runs in a cycle and we have learned that running things cyclic is good it's sustainable so by bother next slide you would wonder is there anything wrong with water in the city today it is cyclic and it should be sustainable therefore next slide the objectives if you want to know if it is sustainable we have to go back to the original objectives urban water management basically has three objectives if you look at it the objectives are to provide a good service to people and industry to improve public health and how the urban water system was developed from the second half of the 19th century the discovery of microorganism I think I'm back correct I don't know where I lost you but let's go to the next slide I'm reviewing our progress over the last 150 years against these three objectives let's see next slide it is a good service to people but it is a good service to people if today 0.8 billion people have no access to safe water if two and a half billion people don't have access to sanitation and if five billion people and more live close to content-based water I don't think we have a good result under this objective next slide and it is a good service to people if we use too much of this high-end quality water drinking water for very low land purposes do we need drinking water to wash the Coca-Cola truck or on the right-hand side as you can see do we need drinking water to flush our toilet where the single purpose is the transportation of human waste Martin I hear a very strong echo of my own voice can you do something about it in the meantime I continue so a good service to people also when we have climate change and next and we see either too little or it comes in too big quantities next slide then the other objective that of improving public health well water is life we know it indeed but water is also a major killer and millions of children mostly children die every year from water next slide yeah next slide then the third objective let's hope at least the third one we have addressed that of environmental sustainability and as you can see here in the picture we have invested billions in some regions in the US hundreds of billions over the past years to treat and of pipe the big amounts of sewage from industrial and domestic so high-tech treatment is really costing a fortune and it helps to reduce the pollution to our water bodies but let's remind ourselves next slide we still by treating we still do not produce safe affluence after primary secondary tertiary treatment you're still left with endocrine disruptors pathogens microcontaminants and then worse next slide we see that some 75% of all waste water in this world is not treated at all and this is the sewer outlet to a river in the city of Cali and Columbia and you can truly see that this is a bridge over troubled water next slide so we need to think in terms of water solutions we need to get it right and therefore we propose a strategy that is composed of three steps a strategy that has the following three steps first of all reduce water use consumption second reuse water after the first use today we use water only once in large amounts and then throw it away back to the water resource with a lot of pollution so reuse think in terms of the water chain and then third you really have to use the consummation in the effluence you cannot reuse it further and it has to go back to the water resource think about measures how can we have the water resource to cope better next then let's go through these steps some examples the first step reduce use now that of course involves demand management water saving technologies cleaner production next slide we are seeing cleaner production in industry but we need to apply it to the biggest user of water the agriculture so more crops to drop think about drop resistant crops think about drip irrigation further innovation needs to happen there that's where the biggest consumption happens domestic use you see here on the left the photo of a that does a lot of things and minimizes water use on the right you see low tech solutions are also possible this is taken in China in a small restaurant this is a washing basin but the washing water is kept in a container which is used for the next guest for the flushing of the toilet so you use the same water twice that's the whole principle next slide step 2 treat for reuse that means water waste water is also a resource the organic matter could be turned into energy by anaerobic digestion for instance you could recover the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus so there is a lot of resources to be gained from waste water and in recovering them you purify the effluent and make it fit for reuse be it irrigation or otherwise next slide an example of that is using eco technologies this is a very simple wastewater treatment lagoon and you see the surface is green and this is because on the surface there grows a tiny aquatic plant which is called lemna or duckweed in English and it is a very particular plant it has a very high growth speed it has a mass doubling time that comes in the order of microorganisms almost within a day it could duplicate its biomass in full scale systems it will take 2 to 4 days and the biomass will double the second characteristic that shown in the next slide is that it has a very high a very high protein content I compare it here with a hectoproduction of soybean which produces 600 kg of protein but duckweed can produce 10 times as much per hectop a year so that makes it a very interesting product it can be used for fish aquaculture next slide you can see an example here in Bangladesh this NGO that operates this system produces between 11 and 12 tons of aquaculture fish production per hectop a year which I believe is a very high yield next so then the last step if after all these treatment and reuse processes we still have contamination then how can we help our water systems scope think about eco-hypology this is a picture in the Netherlands I don't remember exactly which river but it is typical to see dykes along the rivers now the more recent approach is one where we say well let's give the space back to our rivers let's cut the dykes where possible where agricultural land can be used to be flooded because originally these rivers had this space to grow if there is a big flow of water to shrink and also think of it it is exactly in these lower areas where the water expands which are biologically the most active it is more shallow light penetrates algae can grow and bring oxygen into the water so in fact these areas that we cut out via the dykes are actually the kidneys of the river next and by using the same principles of eco-hydrology you can also apply these tidal flushes you see here the city of Katagena it dumps its wastewater into this natural lagoon to the north but there is a connection to the sea on the left and what they have done in a very interesting project is to engineer the entrance in the next slide you can see how polluted it was this was before here you see the road over the bridge that connects on the other side to the sea and it was massively contaminated very smelly, very bad next slide so engineering this you see there is a separator in the middle there are opening doors on the right and closing doors on the left these doors open and close with the tidal effect and sea water is thereby pumped through the system diluting the waste but then also allowing a heterotrophic bacteria an algae to kick in and help in the purification process so this is a very simple eco-hydrology application and in fact an eco-technology application next slide so these are some examples of the three steps that we can take we need to go further we need to think of a vision towards the year 2050 where we need to rebalance between people and planet a vision where 9 billion people can live in a decent quality of life within the planet's limited resources next slide yeah this is what I call the power of imagination and you all have that power and I would ask you can you reflect on the basis of all these challenges and problems that we have seen and envision a world out there somewhere in the second half of this century where we have indeed managed to rebalance how would it look like next slide next slide so new energy we have so many options and possibilities I predict that we will enter now in a period where a number of renewable energy options will come to scale but eventually we will have to see a competition and selection process between various options and I predict that in the two decades after so towards 2040 2050 we will probably narrow the options down to two or three main renewable sources next new water well imagine what new water means that means a more rational approach to water use reuse and helping ecosystem scope and water system scope next slide so it means we need to think of waterscapes in our urban systems and in our settlements a large city should have a large water body within the city at certain distances these should be positioned in the lowest area so they can collect water when it rains it becomes then also a buffer for the dry season you can use that water the bottom will be fully engineered to maximize recharge to the aquifer and it has also an aesthetic function next it becomes also very practical you cannot afford to keep these water bodies empty so you have houses that are floating on these water bodies and you see on the right hand side that is an animation but the left hand side is a new company building casco houses you can finish them to your own taste and imagine the advantage this gives let's see in the next slide if you find a new job in another city you don't need to pack and unpack you just hire a boat and go with your house to take advantage then the city of the future will also make more rational systems for our personal waste human waste the fecal matter will be collected will no longer be washed by drinking water out of the city causing problems but it will be transported via vacuum it goes to decentralized fully automated underground composting systems the surface on the top is a park or a sports park multiple use of space but underground the first generation will produce methane gas, biogas the second generation in 20 years will produce hydrogen gas and this is a co-composting anaerobically of course between the fecal matter and the organic portion of municipal solid waste the energy goes back to drive the vacuum to run ecosystems or heating systems in the houses then the urine which is a very special waste in fact it is chemical waste think of all the medical tablets that we take the pharmaceutical products very nasty compounds think about the large percent of the female population taking burst control pills these are hormones and the steroids very rigid chemical structures that are hard to degrade in treatment systems so the city of the future will have a factory at the end of the pipe now it is a small pipe no big sewer systems needed that collect all the urine from the city and all these high-end products can be recovered and therefore this is an attractive business proposal next slide with the new food think of it we have come to the end of the shelf life of the Neolithic Revolution we need new solutions this could be done in many different ways think about algae algae produced protein if you calculate for 9 billion people you would need the surface area of 3 times the size of Portugal the country of Portugal and that is a lot of surface area to generate indeed enough protein and calories to feed the world population but you can use the oceans you can use the coastal waters for that so that could be one another one is upscaling a technology that already exists it is tissue culture on the left side you see a photo in the laboratory we can grow tissue cells a single cell a single beef cell that can be grown into layers scaling it up means you do this at a large scale and think of the city of the future it would produce meat in factories and then people tell me but that doesn't sound very romantic I get my steak out of a factory well first of all to those who are critical I would say this would be the bulk of production in the year 20 or 70 maybe the agriculture will still exist the cows will still be out there but it will become a luxury product like today hunting is a luxury product in the west but we would transfer from the Neolithic revolution somewhere towards the end of this century into taking it in our own hands and producing beef and meat and the highest quality can be produced in factories and I think of it now you have full recycle of water you have the dosage of nutrients that go into the proteins and into the product and you no longer have the massive waste you also no longer have the ethical questions around the bio industry next slide so then you say well is that science or science faction well in 2013 the first hamburger was produced with this technology this was done in the University of Maastricht in the south of the Netherlands and it was a project sponsored by one of the co-founders of Google who thought this was a very interesting project this project had a budget of $330,000 so I call it the stake of the art but it was just to prove the business case that it can be done of course innovation goes eventually and in the year 2060 you would produce the same hamburger for $1 next slide and this is to end and just request all of you again that while you do your studies in the water sector try to imagine the future and the position of water in that new future one thing must be certain that future needs to be a sustainable future next slide thank you very very much for your colorful, imaginative and enthusiastic presentation as always really wonderful frankly we do not have a lot of time for questions but the first one is I'm going to appear to get at least an idea of how the question and answer approach is working the question sheet that you're going to see has the possibility of sending more questions to you the hashtag is made and this is the key question but probably the most difficult question it is clear that we have followed the path to its unsustainability exactly because population exploded in the last 5, 6 decades and we have come beyond carrying capacity of this planet I think all of you know the concept of the ecological footprint now today if you analyze the ecological footprint of humanity on this planet today it adds up to about 1.4 planet Earth well the last time I checked there is only one so we have either 0.4 times too many people or we need 0.4 more planet or as the current as the G agenda proposes we need to live with it that we will still have to go through a population growth in the coming decades a peak will be reached somewhere at 2060 or so and after that it will come down and stabilize these are the demographic pictures and outlook but then we will have to be sure that we make that peak in the second half of the century in a sustainable manner so it is a double it is a dual challenge we have to accommodate more of us on this planet and we have to rebalance our ecological footprint the question about population growth is of course a big picture question and a very difficult one the UN believes strongly that if we manage to eradicate poverty that then also we will be able to manage the population growth but that clearly is a longer term issue that takes much more time in the meantime we have to work on reducing our ecological footprint per person significantly Martin okay thank you all thank you unfortunately we have no more time for next questions because it is 46 already one minute past our deadline we have to rush to the airport I have understood so once more thank you so much for your time here sharing with us your views and your very broad knowledge collected over the past many decades it was a pleasure thank you so much thank you very much and this again also from this webinar the first one and I can already tell you that the next one is on November given by professor Juita Gupta an expert in our institute in the area of governance and a very gifted seeker I want to quickly think a few more people that have been involved in putting this whole show together I started with Maria Laura the driving force between behind everything related to alumni relations Maria thank you for bringing this idea in reality we are going in the same direction we need our alumni they are very important I want to send those who have listened with us you may have seen the number at a certain moment it reached nearly 90 wherever they are located we don't have the locations yet and of course we thank you here in the audience and for Ken that he allowed us to oh yeah that's coming that he allowed us to be part of this in this seminar and although we didn't see him the whole army sitting on the rooms here that was fully ready in entering the very many expected Twitter questions that are coming and to shorten according to importance and topic and to deliver that to Juita which unfortunately didn't work out next time we are even more strict with our speakers


the setter. Are you a setter? Do you want to be a setter? This video is for you. Today, we're gonna talk about some tips on setting and how to know if setting is really for you. I'm Coach Coco and I love volleyball. I have all the tips, tricks, hacks, and everything you need to know about volleyball. Now, I just want to mention we are gonna be using some video clips today and we're gonna use the Copyright Act of 1976, which indicates that we can use videos for educational purposes and commentary. All right, let's get right into it. Before you know what a setter is, but do you know the setter's role? Setter's main job is to navigate the ball throughout the court to the attackers. Setter's main priority is the second ball and controlling the offense of the team. It's important to note that when you are the setter, you do control the speed of the offense. You also need to keep your eyes peeled. That means that keeping your eyes peeled is successful and a way to be successful as a setter. You need to know what's going on with your players. How do you set, when do you set, and who do you set? You learn this by being observant. You not only have to have a specific skill of setting, but you also need to be a pretty strong passer and be able to switch through these skills. And that's really essential, really, to being a strong offensive player and offensive setter. I always promote that I would love to have more well-rounded players, the setter, especially so. We need our setters to be leaders. As a setter, it is not uncommon for you to be the co-captain or the captain of the team. This is because the setter is similarly compared to the quarterback, like a football player, the quarterback of a team. The setter is somebody that we look to for leadership. What's going on? I'm going to ask the setter. You need to have strong communication, be coachable, an active listener, analytical, a problem solver, kind and caring, and especially helpful. All in all, it's important to be coachable. That means be ready for feedback. Also, be ready to listen to your teammates and sometimes be the representative for them, too. Now, I'm telling you, a smart volleyball player is a good volleyball player, so make sure you know how to call plays. In this clip, you're going to see me call a play to my player by asking her what she wants. As you can see, I'm indicating, do you want a four? This is something that I use because I knew she was ready. Prediction. Have you ever heard of Spidey Sense? Setters must have a pretty good way of identifying what is going to happen and the outcome before it does. How do you learn that? You learn that by watching people. You have to watch your players. You have to watch other players. You should always be watching. Remember to keep your eyes peeled. So let's think of terms of scenario. Let's say you have a good pass. You're in the center zone. You get a good set, the attacker that you're setting it to sees it. There's a block present, but they're in position and you get a good attack. Thinking in chronological order or thinking in ways that where you are seeing the specifics of a situation can be helpful. Let's think about another scenario. Let's say you have a good pass. You're in your area. You get a good set, but you set it to somebody who's not ready. There's a block present. However, they get into position. But remember, they're not ready. What does this mean? It's probably going to be a poor attack. That's why it's important for you as a setter to set it to those who are ready and know what's going on on the other team. But Coco, what do I do? It's happening so fast. Okay, let's redo it. You have a good pass. You're in the setter zone. You have a good set. The setter, you see both of your attackers. One attacker is not ready, but another one is there's a block present. That attacker that's ready gets into position and we still have a good attack. You need to make sure that you have an eye on your hitters and what's going on. A good pass with the setter in your setter zone in a good set. Attacker one and attacker two. Let's say they're both being blocked. But you see the doughnuts open in the middle. You see it. What could you do? You could set or dump it. This is thinking ahead of the game. This is strategy.  What could you do? Call for help. Thinking in terms of strategy is effective as a setter. Now I talk about agility a lot, but you know when you call for help, you know, you need to know when you need to pass the ball instead of setting it. You need to know when you need to set or dump the ball instead of trying to set it to someone you need to be able to make those calls quickly and effectively. You need to practice those skills first, learn those foundational skills, that passing, that setting, that serving, that hitting, that serve, receive, and be observant. Watch the other team to see what's going on. Observe their tendency and use it to your advantage. People rarely tend to change. So if somebody's hitting an angle, they might hit an angle again, but also know your choices. You could set to your hitters, which is on the top level of your choices. Let's say those aren't available. Then you can set back row or you can set or attack. Let's say that's not available. Then you can set or dump or roll shot. Let's say that's not available. Then you can deep push or angle push. Let's say that's not available. Then you can tip. You can use these in any order that you want to. This is just an example that I use in my mind of the options that I have as a setter, but figuring out a way or system for yourself could be helpful for you. So you can make those split second decisions and you don't feel like you have to panic because you have a list of options available with everything. I hope you liked this video. I hope it was helpful for you and your setting journey. Please like, comment, subscribe, and I will see you guys next time.


الله وتبارك وتعالى يسواز بفجره مالذي يعني بالفجر؟ فجر الله يسواره بفجره بسبب تفصير التفصير لديهم ثلاثة أفكار أول هو المرور هذا المرور هو مرورة عكريمة عبد الله بن عباس مجاهي ديبنو جبرين سدي المرور الثالث يعني أن نهار يوم كل day هو مرور للفجر هذا المرور هو مرورة عبد الله بن عباس فقط even though it is from the chain of Abu Nasser it's a bit strange because the Arabs don't generally use the word فجر for the whole day but maybe بن عباس said it من باب المقابلة the night was mentioned in the next verse so here the day will be mentioned the third view is it means the Salat of the Fajr and that view is also attributed to عبد الله بن عباس himself and شيخنا شخصالح بن عبد الله بن حمد العصيم he said it makes more sense to attribute it to which one the third one because the word الفجر in the Shari'a where is it used as if somebody just say to you I came from Fajr what would you understand it as the particular prayer right so the sheikh said it's better to restrict it to the شرعي تان that is used for it


Hey, what's going on? I am Greg Sussman, joined today by Davis Maddick of SportsGrade, who's here to break down his favorites this week on the PGA Tour. And this is a star study group this week here, Davis. Yeah, every time that we have the WGC is it, you know, it brings out the the absolute best and the brightest and that is reflected in the numbers that we are getting this week because these are basically, I mean, it really is going to be the deepest that you get some of these guys that we're going to be betting, you know, all year long, more or less. Yeah, I mean, right around the majors, right? Like, this is the type, these are the type of guys that you're going for and looking at this list, starting at the beginning, you're going with Rory McElroy, who's plus 1600 this week, 16 to 1 at the Fandom Sportsbook. Rory is your guy, why are you in on him? So at the Workday Championship at the concession, they have not played at this golf course before and pretty much anytime these guys head to a resort golf course or a golf course that we think is going to play a little bit more, but now they probably will make it a little bit more difficult because it is a WGC. I'm just, I'm looking here at the odds that we have on the Fandom Sportsbook and I'm going, okay, you know, we have our usual names at the top, but being able to get Rory in the double digits, I mean, there has been times when Dustin Johnson and Rory have both traded for events at under you know, eight to one, we've had one at six to one, one at eight to one. I continue to think that Rory now, I think he is the second best golfer in the world. I do think that Dustin is clearly better than him, but I just continue to want to buy Rory being the best T-degree player in the world, even if he's not quite as strong of a putter as Dustin Johnson is. All right, while Rory McElroy maybe not be Dustin Johnson, he's still one of the best players in the world as you described. The fact that you're getting in here at a double digit number 16 to 1 seems ridiculous. Rory here at the WGC has as good of a chance certainly as anybody to take over the victory McElroy, a lock for the FanDuel card this week. And while Rory is certainly one of the best players in the world, perhaps the strongest player in the world is Bryson DeChambeau. Bryson is 20 to one this week at the FanDuel Sportsbook and we talked about Bryson last week or the week before, but why is this course good for what he does best? So basically for Bryson, any golf course that is going to take out some of the things that he can't do or at least can't do as well as, you know, other super top tier golfers. So we're talking about, you know, courses with lots of trees, courses with lots of water, courses where you're going to have to be, you know, really tricky with your short game that, you know, we're not taking Bryson at Harbor Town, right? We want him in really strong fields, but more importantly, I think with the way his game is right now, you are going to kind of want him at 20 to 1, 25 to 1 because I don't think he is playing his absolute best golf right now, miscut at the Genesis Invitational. And I continue to just be a long term believer in Bryson and, you know, his approach to the game of golf. So I at 20 to 1, I know it's a strong field. I know that if he doesn't win here or has another poor showing his numbers are going to get deeper, but I am buying this small dip in Bryson prices right now. Hashtag by the dip. That's what you have to do right now. And Bryson is another example of that. We expect him to play well here this week with given his length. You're always going to be interested in Bryson the Shambo 20 to 1 as a fan of the sportsbook worth taking a shot on here this weekend. One final player to get to and it's the oldest player on the board here this week is Adam Scott, who's 51 and while Adam Scott may not be the same player he was 10 to 15 years ago he obviously has had a lot of success in the past. Why this week though is Adam Scott on your radar. So this is something that I've talked about before when doing these shows, but I like to place guys in buckets right and Adam Scott to me even though you know he is he's getting a little bit older. He is down to 20 second in the official World Golf rankings has been the number one before. I continue to think of Adam Scott as being in that long off the tee really strong long irons. You know obviously not the best putter and you know kind of putting him in that same bucket with Rory with Bryson with Victor Hoffman. You know kind of guys like that and so at a golf course where I don't expect guys to you know get into too much trouble and I think that it's going to be more about their long irons and things like that. I think that you know just buying Adam Scott at 50 to 1 I mean we have Scotty Schaeffler at 41 to 1 Tommy Fleetwood at 41 to 1 and I just would rather I mean Adam Scott is the same number as Matthew Fitzpatrick and you know no no disrespect to Matthew Fitzpatrick but Adam Scott is just a better golfer than all of these guys that he's priced around and has more win equity. Like you say Adam Scott is 20 second in the world right now no longer number one you're in this bucket of being able to hit the ball down really down the fairway and figure it out on the green with Bryson with Rory with Victor Hoffman we talked about in the same bucket a couple of weeks ago that's what you want to do and getting this number here at 51 it just seems too big like you said some of the other names here just already expected to play nearly as well as we expect Adam Scott to be this week so get Scott here 50 to 1 it's a long shot for Adam Scott which is better than that number you know not Adam Scott here this week there you have it those are the pigs this week over at the Vandalsports but I am excited Davis let's let's get a winner here. Let's get a winner and let's just let's just hope to get Bryson back on the right track I just I want to see my friend Bryson do well that's my that's my biggest hope this week. Your friend Bryson the Shambo do well let's see what he can do for Davis Matt I'm Greg Sussman thanks so much for watching enjoy the tournament this weekend and we'll see you back here next time for another edition of the fan duel hurry up.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the polynomial question which says if z1 is equal to 2 minus iota and z2 is equal to 1 plus iota, find modulus of z1 plus z2 plus 1 upon z1 minus z2 plus iota. Any complex number z, this is of the form a plus iota b. Modulus of z is equal to root over a square plus b square modulus of z1 upon z2 is equal to modulus of z1 upon modulus of z2. So, these are some ideas with the help of which we will find the value of this modulus. So, this is a t idea, not a solution. First let us find the value of z1 plus z2 plus 1 upon z1 minus z2 plus iota and then we will find its modulus.   This further equal to 4 upon 1 minus iota. Therefore, modulus of z1 plus z2 plus 1 upon z1 minus z2 plus iota is equal to modulus of 4 upon 1 minus iota which is further equal to modulus of 4 upon modulus of 1 minus iota this is by a t idea. This further equal to numerator we have root over 4 square upon the denominator modulus of 1 minus iota will be 1 square plus 1 square which is further equal to 4 upon root over 2. Let us rationalize it by multiplying the numerator and denominator by root 2. We have 4 root 2 upon 2 canceling the common multiple we have 2 root 2 the value of modulus z1 plus z2 plus 1 upon z1 minus z2 plus iota is equal to 2 root 2. So, this completes the solution hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day.


Everybody forced here ripping a box of 2022 top triple Threads baseball hobby for John L Thanks, John. Good luck. I just realized that Bismek beyond but was Kyle All right, good luck John we were from raised replay to lightning replay. Sorry. This is this is funny though Whoa, I've never seen this this is a Like Wrinkled Ernie Banks card. I'll send a boxer rapper with the with the break here if I want to get that one replaced Bobby Wood Jr. Rookie to 259 Eloy Jimenez number to 299 Rookie triple Jersey Auto Wander Franco. It's a 99 65 of 99 on the wander congrats John. Let's go great start Mm-hmm. I wonder and jumbo Jersey 14 of 18 Wilson Contreras redemption coming up Frank Thomas number to 169 of 259 to 299 Tom see for now Last to begin triple Jersey 9 of 36 Byron Buxton and redemption Rookie Auto Emerald Wander Franco. Let's go Come on what type of box Congrats, John. Jake's happy for you. I'm happy for you, too. I'm ecstatic for you Thanks again, man, we will get these out to you a couple of wonders. Let's go dude


Almost time for the bell, how many options will you sell? Fire up your platform, get ready to enter But first, let's get the mindset centered Ay, ay, let's go We follow the plan, that's how we get paid Test and trade, have success Find what works for you and forget the rest Stats and probabilities is what we're about Time to dismiss greed and doubt Focus on the process, not the money And the profits will flow like honey Power our lives, let's start the show Come on trade hackers, get ready to go Zero day options, time to make bank Get locked and loaded, then be ready to play Ay What's up everyone, happy Monday, November 6th Welcome to Power Hour Live Good day so far for Zero DTE Looking at my remaining quiet lunch here Closed half, looking for the remaining To close out at 80% I ended up taking my early version Because it set up to 10.50 AM A little bit wider stop and smaller size But doing well Also had a AM ratio, hit profit target Right at that 70 minute mark as you all know And a DKS, hit both profit targets So every profit target so far hit So don't screw it up Power Hour So we will be, we're with, as I think A lot of you saw, I kind of did an update To my Power Hour Hosted that in the trade plans channel So I'll be doing one to one for Trunch One and two and then two to one for Trunch Three Today kind of falls in that normal day Not up too much, not down too much I don't think there's any issues that I know with Discord I think it might be a Krish issue A Krishu, that was it, okay I did not, I noticed I responded in the Zero DTE channel And my text was red, I thought that was odd But other than that I hadn't noticed any issues Price pushing up, off the bottom Stayed within our expected move to the up and the downside Getting a low premium straddle it looks like I posted in the trade plans this morning A little update to my Power Hour Wednesday was FOMC last week So only two Power Hours in, Thursday and Friday So I figured instead of waiting I went ahead and did some updates Alright, so I need to buy some Longs for Trunch One So if you hold here it looks like it'll be the 60 straddle Vicks hovering above 15 Stocks a little bit mixed P and Nasdaq slightly green Russell's down over 1.3% Dow flat Gold and silver slightly lower Notes and bonds lower Ten-year yield back above 4.65 Alright, 43.60 Straddle Gonna get filled at 6.50 Filled at 6.50 on the 60s 6.50 on the 60s Yeah, I hear you there, Maro Very light on positions Across the board In at 6.40, 6.45 Let's see, so I got in at 6.50 So 3.90 is what I'm looking for to reduce my stop on Trunch One My remaining quiet lunch I'm trying to get out at 3.30 It's currently trading at about 3.90, 3.80 The tight range today Let's see, the official high of day was 43.72.21 Low of day, 43.47.53 Expected move to start the day was about 21.5, I think Right around 21 Yeah, you know, when I was looking at the normal day for Trunch Three And, you know, it performs really well on the down day Performs really well on the up day And I just siloed it out to look at the normal day Like when I was doing one-to-one, I couldn't get anything to look really solid And so I started playing around with the ratios and ended up And it kind of makes sense, you know, if price is just kind of chopping around Not too up, not too down, you know, anecdotally at least I feel like, you know, a lot of times it'll kind of push a little bit higher towards the end of the day Which, you know, whether that's, I mean, the back test shows that that is, I guess the case So, yeah, I ended up going with the two-to-one on Trunch Three on a normal day You also notice my kind of my stop risk I'm taking, I'm getting, I'm doing larger positions Or more exposure, taking a little bit more risk on up days and down days about the same And then on normal days reduced my risk Got a, looking at some other positions, got a TGIF I'm hanging out on the upper end of the range I looked at a couple different adjustment options on this one Decided I'm just going to hold for now Got a couple of time flies that definitely need a down move Got the November 24 one It's a little right of center, could use a little down action And then the November 17 could really use some downside action I was trying to get, I know a couple of you guys got out of your SPX duck right at the close last week I was trying to get filled at five bucks today earlier, it didn't get filled Let me, I'm going to go ahead and put in an order in again I'd have to look, Krish, I don't have it all memorized yet But whatever the back test says Got a reverse hedgehog in gold, it's doing good Got an ES hedgehog that was up pretty decent with this up move It's kind of come back to still up a little bit, but not as much as it was I did throw on a one two and a one three DTE double calendar Those are both up a little bit The four seven from Fridays up nicely And the five seven is up a little bit Four seven and five seven will both come off tomorrow Well, all yeah, all four of them One two one three and four seven will all come off in the morning tomorrow And then the five seven will come off near end of day tomorrow I did take my first Dick K. Apple calendar today I've had it on my trade plan and a couple times I forgot to take it And other times I just decided not to But like last week they had earnings so I just decided to pass Before I took it on my first one Hit 80% on my quiet lunch out of that nice So just took my first little Apple double calendar Dick K style Bumblebee the TGIF we put on with eight and eleven days when we first got in That's this one here the TGIF, no 10, no 13 So that would currently be four and seven DTE's left Ten minutes until tronche two Apple I got in at let's see 95 cents I split it between the 80s and 177 halves Yeah, the FOMC members they're back on the circuit Other scheduled events this week So there's a there's an FOMC member that spoke this morning There's one that's Kashkari speaks 5 p.m. tonight so after the bell Tomorrow morning a couple before the bell One starts speaking 15 minutes before the bell Waller starts speaking 30 minutes after the bell Logan at 12 25 central On Wednesday Cook speaking early morning so it must be overseas Powell starts speaking 15 minutes before the bell on Wednesday Then a couple in the afternoon Thursday Powell speaks at 1 p.m. central And Friday Early morning Logan speaks again so yeah there They are certainly making their circuit again I'll definitely still trade tomorrow Wednesday and Thursday So he pal starts speaking right before the bell So I don't know I'm not sure I would I'll take a trade On Wednesday a.m. or not I want to see what I'll see what the options are doing That morning Bitcoin staying above 35,000 Oil hovering around $81 barrel Let's just have VIX stay above 15 please That would be my preference A little decay coming in tronche one so far It's down to 530 my stop reduction doesn't happen until 390 Looks like we could get a repeat on the 60s of price holds here Alright let me go ahead and buy some longs for tronche two Give it a couple minutes Trading naked is Elliot still hanging out at your place or do you kick him out and send him back across the pond Picked out good He overstayed his welcome Still hanging around 61 so it looks like we might stick with the 60s Give it another minute or two Two minutes Tick tick tick tick tick Another minute Make sure I got my template set up while I'm sitting here waiting I think I do Tronche two straddle 13 PX pushing up a little bit Looks like it might be the 65s Going to 65s for tronche two I need to fill it 485 Fill it 490 on the 65 straddle Yeah if you're still not in it's closer to the 60s Price kind of popped up and then pulled back The trade plan updates are in the trade plan channel You can always catch the replay of any of our live streams It's posted in the live stream channel I don't want to say it out loud because this may be posted publicly But you can check in the live stream channel Ooh interesting Ryan P So this is the percent profit target and the percent To hit this level of profit target That's the percentage of trades to hit that profit target Now that wouldn't be right Oh so this is all str- is that all straddles you're saying? Yeah hang on a second I think I muted everyone but Hey um yeah so what I was saying Chris asked me to run this and I did real fast What it's saying is if it's a straddle According to option omega The percentage of max profit which is a Which is a column that's exportable from the trade blog Where the width equals zero So that top all those columns on the top those are the strike width So that second column That second column which is zero is the straddle And it can and you see here that the most That it ever got in its back test was up to 70% I see A premium collected I see so it Okay I gotcha Yeah Very cool Yeah that's it So Ryan just to clarify so then the percent hit So I've been looking at the straddle column so if I said okay 30% of the time it hits 30% Is that right 30% of the time it hits 31% profit target Oh sorry was I still on mute Yeah go ahead Yeah so what I was gonna say is that You're interpreting that correctly that 31% of the time we're hitting 30% Profit target or more But I think the most important thing to notice is Down at that 70% level which is That's when it hits 100% and that tells you that there are No cases in option omega that really go beyond that So that's kind of like your max profit potential And rounded to the nearest five so you know it's possible That could be like 72.5 but you know it's just because the show It's pretty close to 70% I gotcha Every premium Very nice Appreciate that Yeah sure Alright so Trunch 2 got in at 490 So my stop reduction is at 295 Mike and Houston I'm still paper trading the strategy Have trouble getting the wings to fill I wonder why I tried to replicate what you did on Trunch 2 Any idea what you see here Are you saying buying the wings So if you're buying the strangle you typically got to put it up to You know if you're buying the 5 cent wings you would get filled at 10 cents If it's if you're choosing the 05 bid So I'm not sure what Sometimes you got to be careful because it'll kind of flip between 5 and 10 cents And maybe that's why you weren't getting filled I'm not quite sure So I'm going to buy some longs for Trunch 3 So this will be a 12 by 6 So let me just do 6 of them at a time as if it was 1 to 1 So I'm going to buy the 43.85 calls and the 43.20 puts I'll do 6 of those and so it's Yeah I see that just flipped to 10 cents so I got to go to 43.90 But you should be able to get filled at 10 cents on the 43.90s And the 43.20s Yeah I got filled at 10 cents No I need to buy 6 more puts here Because I'm doing a 2 by 1 Looking like the 60s again 60s are hot today 60s coming in hot Make sure I got my correct template set up 3 straddle 12 by 6 Race trading just under 43.60 Trunch 1 Yeah I need to reduce my stop on Trunch 1 thanks Lando I'm going to get filled on Trunch 3 first So 43.60s for Trunch 3 Wow those premiums dropped Filled at 5.35 on my 2 to 1 Alright so Trunch 1 Got down to 3.90 Change that to 6.90 Stop reduced on Trunch 1 For Trunch 2 I'm looking for 2.95 Currently trading at 5.20 Yep let's keep that magnet on 43.60 Or slightly higher Yep Kelvin I updated my power hour trade plan this morning If you haven't seen it Yeah Trunch 3 is 6 plus 6 Alright I'll load it up 43.54 I don't like that bet Anil I don't like that number It's not a good number Yep you got it Lesoza Yeah Tevis I don't think you can avoid that The only thing would be to have a Separate bot set up As a straddle and then Enable that one Prior to power hour And we'll dip and pop back up Trunch 2 is on the 65 I have to come up for that stop to get reduced A little over 30 minutes till the bell All straddles today so I'll be closing out before the bell This little choppage between 60 and 65 would be fine End the day up closer to 60 Down closer to 60 I should say Would be ideal Finally got my new ride today Got delivered Man this dealership was Talk about the reputation of car dealers Being scammy Shady These guys lived up to it No doubt about that It's like fighting them every step of the way Yeah I'll have to grab some picks It's white Straight white Yeah I gotta send in the form For my personalized plates I haven't done that yet Yeah I did I found a It's a 2021 but it only had 26 miles on it So I was able to get like 20k off of what it would have been Brand new in 2021 but it's Basically brand new Plus the model hasn't changed at all It's a plug-in hybrid so The range on the batteries like 35 or 40 miles So you charge it at night 4 and then it's all battery Like going back and forth to the office every day Won't be using any gas so that'd be cool I checked all that out I am green it's all for the economy Excuse me it's all for the environment Rides nice though Rides like a cloud You guys saw somebody post it But on the old financial juice The early indication market on close 618 million buy side It's pushing a little below 4,360 So is this a little pause Before another leg up here Or is this this up move stalling out What do you guys think? I'm not talking about for power hour just for More looking at the daily chart Chris always thinks we're crashing So we're definitely going up I'm with you I think we're I think we're Gonna keep rocking higher into the end of the year Little minor pullbacks Although you technical analysts We got to fill those gaps don't we We got two big gaps we got to fill Below Down to 42, 41-ish Yeah the old time flies could use a little pullback Getting new positions on could use a little pullback No fill on my duck at 5 Let's try 505 And filled A little over 20 minutes to go Trunch one down to 325 Trunch two trading at 530 Trunch three trading at 490 Second early indication Same 618 million buy side Yes sir I'm two to one on trunch three Vicks creeping back down Just above 15 Vicks 9D got a little pop today of 9% We got VXX all the way down to about 20 and a half Russell this decent little pullback today Well Vicks is Vicks is green from Friday's close Because it's Monday and they just you know they pump it up If you look at Vicks futures Vicks futures are down 2.5% today Now he gas down 7% today Soybeans been on a little push higher Ethereum up above 1900 SPX dipped and bouncing a little bit Back up to 60 15 minutes till the bell Trunch two at 550 it's got to get down to 295 For me to reduce my stop that's on the 65 strike So it would need to push higher for that to happen Trunch two stops at 790 That spreads currently trading at 660 That would be the first in danger if we push lower Third indication for market on close and balance 55 million sell side so it flipped Flipped to the sell side Pop back up towards 43.60 Kashkari speaks at 5pm So hour and a half after the bell Due to participate in an interview conducted by Fox News Coming up on the 10 minutes till the bell See what the final market on close and balance is going to be Pop above 60 1.3 million buy side Started off in the buy side flipped to the sell for the early indication And then the final came in at 1.3 billion buy Trunch two trading at 550 Trunch one trading down to 250 Trunch three trading to 320 There's a little pop up to 61 Alright calm down just to hang out right here 60 to 61 is good Lower seven minutes Trunch one I'm going to put it two bucks Trunch three I'm going to put it 250 There goes VIX heading towards 15 Trunch one getting close down to 220 210 Trying to get out of Trunch one at 230 Build at 230 on Trunch one Getting a little push Trunch three at at 325 Trunch two which is on the 65 strike Out at 285 All out All winners All zero DTE we're winners today my friends How about that For a Monday Start your week So Trunch one in at 650 Out at 230 Trunch two in at 490 Out at 285 Trunch three in at 535 Out at 325 Monday fun day S&P pushing Could have got better prices on a Trunch three at the 65s Waiting but I'm good with being out Not trying to pin a straddle All straddles all winners Love it Alright So as far as the live stream tomorrow Tomorrow is the Tomorrow the seventh Tomorrow's election day my friends Don't forget to vote Chad will be streaming in the morning And we'll be back for power hour Alright all Take care Have a good night Talk to you soon