Personal notice, danger's my stock and trade. If the job's too tough for you to handle, you've got a job for me, George Valentine. Write full details. Standard Oil Company of California, on behalf of independent chevron gas stations and standard stations throughout the West, invites you to let George do it. Angels Grotto, another adventure of George Valentine. Dear Mr. Valentine, you are fired. I know that's a clumsy way to put it, but I've been a nurse too many years to learn parlor diplomacy. Besides, you've been here at the Grotto farmhouse for almost a day now and you haven't found anything. Not a single thing. Not that you should have. Perhaps I was just hysterical this morning when I called you out here. But now even the police seem to agree, don't they? Mr. Murag's death last evening was an accident. Yes, an accident. And so much as I appreciate your coming to help, why should you stay on? Sincerely, Emily Flood. Oh, Miss Flood. Miss Flood. Yeah, here you are. We've been looking all over. Did you get my note? Yes, back at the house, but we wanted to... I don't like it back there. I came out to... Look, that's what I... I was a little surprised. After all, I barely even had a chance to talk to you since we got here. You see, there's very little factual evidence of any kind. Here. Did you check here? There might have been fingerprints on the handrail at my... No, no, no. We checked all that. Best fingerprint man in the state found nothing to prove anything. Not even on the wheelchair. No sign of a struggle. He hated that wheelchair. Imagine a man only 45 who usually couldn't sit still for a minute having to spend six months in that thing. It was from a sailing accident. The bone wouldn't heal. Most of the nurses were scared to death of him. But he liked me because I wasn't good-looking and I didn't have an eye on his purse. And he had told me about this grotto. The angel's grotto. It's beautiful, isn't it? All that moss and the fern. Yes. I saw it first about the same time yesterday. I just brought him out from the train and he had to come here first thing, even before supper. Did you try to find the angel like we did? Oh, it's just a legend. Indians who used to work at the mission across the ranch. The angel of stone, they say. Crossed by the waterfall, I guess. Yeah. Only it's like all those things, huh?  You can never really see it. The angel of death. He used to come out here and just sit when he was a little boy, you know. It was all so different than he said. A farm, I mean. Just a place in the woods. And an exciting, scary grotto for boys to tell stories about and dare each other to come close to the edge. They were lovely boys, I guess. Herman hadn't met the bottle and the blondes yet.  And John hadn't taken up sailing or broken hips or even gone out to the city to build his steel mills to become the richest man in the state. All been murdered. Mr. Valentine. All right, lady, we're sorry. We know you're upset. Anyway, there aren't any facts. But last night at supper, when those guys aren't boys anymore, are they? He hated his family. He said this was the last time he'd ever come back. You want the rest of it?  Why I say murder? Go on. What are you with there? You and he and the boys last night, remember? You were all sitting around the table? Talk business tonight. I don't want to talk anything. I'm tired. Emily, have you done my unpacking yet? Well, I thought as soon as supper is over, while you sit outside for a while. Sure, your nurse will take care of things, John. Here, have another glass of wine. It's special. No, no, no, I said... Well, a farm isn't business. I only waited till you came, John, to talk about buying a new tractor instead of writing... Oh, for the love of... Leave him alone, Jake. He's tired. Can't you hear what he said? Well, I got a setter coming around tonight. Got to get out there and help her with the pups. I only thought if he could spare a thousand dollars... Leave him alone, Jake. You'll just never understand us businessmen. Well, farms are farm. You can't operate on that. Stop it! Both of you, stop it! I came here for a one-day visit, that's all. That day starts tomorrow. Sure, Johnny, sure we understand.  No. I wish I'd stayed in Florida. Don't blame me. All those classy nurses. Please, Mr. Maraca. Well, Johnny, I know the farm isn't very important anymore to you, but all I wanted to say was... Oh, get out to your barn.  Whatever it is. Now, you nurse. See if you can't give the cook out there a hand with the dishes. I notice Mary's not as speedy as she used to be, Jake. Stay where you are, Emily. Herman, for your information, I'm sick and tired of the steel business, too. You heard me, Mr. Vice President, in charge of gas and wind? Oh, yes, yes. Get everybody out. Leave us brothers alone. Have some wine. You don't want to talk business, not old Herman. Herman, the diplomatic sponge. Well, I wrote you. I'm going to retire, didn't I? In the prime of life and why not? And that means for my family, too. I'm here to cut all strings at once. Lazy relative, steel mills, old family homesteads.  Please, please. Don't. You're tired. You'll upset yourself. You said everything could wait till tomorrow. Everything you have to say to me. Yes, yes. All right. All right. I'm sorry, Emily. You two fellas. Wheelchair doesn't make a guy like me very friendly, but... But I mean it. I'm moving to Florida for good. Only we will talk tomorrow, huh? Sure, Johnny, sure, sure we... We understand? No, you don't. You're going to work for a living, Herman. Well, what's the matter with you, Jake? Earn your own tractor. Me? I'm tougher than all of you, I guess. Well, what's the matter? Want to murder me or something? Well, come on. Come on. Say something. Want to murder me or something?  Brother Herman, he went to his room, so the testimony says where he drank that wine all by himself. Jake, he came out and smoked a cigarette for a while with the impatient invalid. Then went to the barn and was busy for some time delivering a litter of puppies. Your testimony's very complete, Mr. Valentine. So what? So, ten o'clock you came out to bring Mr. Marag in for the night, and he was missing. Because around nine o'clock, according to police reports, the doctors, his wheelchair parked here, overlooking the grotto where you left him, had a little bit too close to the edge. Look out, George! But there wasn't any evidence. You couldn't find anything. No. No evidence to show whether the brakes just slipped and the wheelchair rolled over, or whether Mr. Marag was pushed off the edge. 200 feet down to the rocks. All those hatreds and everything. Even motives. But everybody's story seemed to check. Yeah, that's it. Nothing so far can be proved. Mr. Valentine, you kicked that rock just now. Do you see how I would react? Maybe. Well, I think you should understand there won't ever be any evidence. His death was an accident. I believe that now. So get out.  Johnny couldn't have been too surprised, Mr. Valentine. Said he saw the angel clear his death. Omen, I guess you'd call it. We smoked cigarette together down there, you know, half hour for his death. Surprised at what, Jake? Huh? Well, the brakes slipped on his chair, don't you think? You figure he was unconscious when it happened. We don't even know that. Look, we're leaving. I only asked. His own fault in one way. Had a fixation on that place he did. All to be the devil's grata, I always claimed. Or maybe we could blast the marble, make a quarry. Do you see me, Mr. Valentine? Oh, yes, Mr. Moraga. Look, Jake, do you mind? Sure, sure, Mr. Valentine. Mr. Moraga, testimony showed that last night your brother called you vice president in charge. In charge of gas and wind. Yeah. Well, old Johnny was the only one had any brains. Are you part owner of the Moraga Steel Mills or just a paid employee? You mean am I just the boss's brother? Yeah. Yes, if you like. And now that he's dead... Are you leaving, Mr. Valentine? Oh, no, no, don't get me wrong. Jake and I, we appreciate what you've done. But also, we're tired of everybody looking cross-eyed at the guys who benefit. I told that nurse she was being officious to get you up here in the first place. She was badly upset. Well, so am I. Johnny was my brother. Yeah. These little nurses are getting more conscientious the richer the patient is. Oh! Oh, how dare you! Mary, listen to me. I will not. And I won't leave here until... I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I didn't mean to hit you, but you can't talk like that to me. I'll talk any way I please. I've been here 15 years. I'll call you all the names I take. I see now, cut it out, cut it out. What'd she do to you, Mary? What'd she do? Don't look at me that way! Hey, easy please. Miss Flood, know what she was up to, Mr. Maraga? She was firing me. Yes, she fired me. You? You what? Now, look here, Miss Flood. You've been put in a lot of trouble. Here, Emily, you're all right. The way she looked, the way she... I'm sorry, Mary, I didn't mean to... You see, Mr. Maraga, I happen to overhear this young lady and a policeman honking. You just found out the nurse is really a wife, eh, Mary? What's that, George? Just guessing. But it would explain why she could try to fire you, Mary, why you laugh at the word miss, not to mention some things John Maraga said last night. Why just a nurse should be so curious and hire me and fry her? Yes, yes! We were married a week ago in Florida. I did tell the police, Mr. Valentine, I wanted to tell you but I wanted to wait until... Oh, just because I'm his nurse and he was wealthy. Just because... Stop looking at me like that! Nobody's looking any way they shouldn't. I wondered what his big announcement today was gonna be. What made that hot-headed sucker wanna sell his business, cut us off?  Get out of here! Every one of you!  Look, now he's dead! Yes! He's dead! He's dead! Don't look that way.  I loved him. And he loved me.  Oh, I wish I were dead too. Leave me alone or I will be! Good act. Good act, Mr. Maraga. Are you changing your mind? I thought you were so sure that your brother's death was an accident. In just a moment, we will return to tonight's adventure of George Valentine. Tonight, we present another first-hand report on new RPM motor oil, the oil that doubles engine life between major overhauls due to lubrication. Tonight, you'll go with our scientists test-by-test as they explore the chemistry of motor oils with a new atomic tool in search of the formula for new RPM. By special transcription now, we take you to the Richmond Laboratories of California Research Corporation. The next voice you hear will be Senior Research Engineer H.F. Galindo. The test engines you hear running in the background are equipped with piston rings, which we had specially treated at the Oak Ridge plant of the Atomic Energy Commission. Dagger counters connected to these engines measure the fine particles of treated metal worn from the atomic ring as that wear takes place. We're using rigid temperature controls to get the exact simulation of the toughest engine wear conditions your car gets, the normal, everyday short hops, the stop-and-go traffic driving. We call it cold operation. Two of my colleagues, Harold Vick, engine operator and Jess Sanders, lead engine mechanic, have filled the crankcase of each of our test engines with a different experimental motor oil formula. These experimental oils, by the way, are a few of the hundreds actually used during nearly two years of development. Now let's listen to the Geiger counters as they click off the performance of one of our earlier formulas compared with the recent one. Bear in mind that the slower the counter clicks, the less the wear that is taking place. No, that's too fast. Too much wear. That formula couldn't do the job. Now listen to this. It slowed way down. Yes, that's it. Here are the very slow measured clicking of the Geiger counter. That oil formula hit an all-time low count on wear rate. It's the one which eventually proved to be the best. The one which, after lots of road testing, we finally released is the new RPM. The new RPM. An oil so superior that it doubles engine life between major overhauls due to lubrication. It's yours today at independent Chevron gas stations and standard stations where they say and mean we take better care of your car. Back to tonight's adventure of George Valentine. Angels Grotto. A place of great beauty. A place where a man fell 200 feet to his death on the rocks below. A man in a wheelchair sitting alone in the moonlight. But according to the police that death was an accident. There's no further reason for you to stay around. Still, if your name is George Valentine, well, what can you do except stall for time, pretend you can't start your car. Say, look at Jake. Is there some rope around here? I may need it when the mechanic comes to give me a tow. In the shed over there, help self. Oh, okay, thanks. Get out of the way. Good idea. So that fool Emily won't hang herself. There's a good one. Come on, Bruxy. I don't think we've gone. You realize how short our time is? You mean what he just said about Emily? George, I want to go back in and talk to her. No, Bruxy, we got to find evidence before somebody else gets murdered. The track's all right, Bruxy. And here's where the wheelchair stood. George, you and the police went over it inch by inch. Well, Jake gave me an idea. He was wondering earlier if John Maraga was conscious when he fell, remember? Yes. Okay, now, look, I'm John Maraga. I'm in a wheelchair. See, and I'm sitting here. I'm a strong guy. George, John had been laid up for six months. Well, that's not long enough to break down a dynamo like him. The point is, when he was sitting here, it would have been pretty hard to take him by surprise. You mean somebody slugged him first? No, no, no. There's no sign of a struggle. Police thought he might have fallen asleep. George, suppose he'd been drowned.  Oh, yeah, I thought of that. But it's like everything else. Nothing left to show. Nothing left but the tracks of the two wheels here. And, hey, Bruxy, look. They just going practically a dead straight line all the way out to the edge and over. Okay, Bruxy, throw me that rope there. Oh, George, please. It's all right now. It's all right. This tree will hold me. George. Just take it easy, will you? There we are. This is one thing we didn't check. But they combed every rock down below there. When I kicked that rock loose this afternoon, remember what happened? It bounced. Okay, I'll find out what happened last night, and I won't bounce either. I hope. Hey, Bruxy, I can see the angel from down here. Yeah, it really does look like one, you know? A crossbar. I'm all right. There's some stuff to hang on to here. Angel of death, huh? I can't even see you anymore. Bruxy! What'd you say, George? Hey, not so loudly. I was just looking down before. It's a watch. What? No, no. Piece of watch chain. Sure, sure. He did hit here before he dropped to the rocks. I thought so, the way the cliff curves out at... Don't go any much, Jane. It doesn't tell you anything about it. Oh, doesn't it? Hooked on a little twig, some scrub trees here growing in a crevice. Well, you know, it doesn't have any bark. Yeah, that's right. Two places here, no bark. I'll tell better in the daylight. But, Bruxy, there are kick marks, too. He grabbed here as he fell. Must have hung on for some time, several minutes, maybe before his strength came out. Somebody's coming, George! Hey, I called you, but I didn't hear your answer. Well, I went to see George. Listen. It's gone now. Okay, come on. Get this rope out of sight. Here, duck back here. That's better.  But I learned something, Bruxy. The fact he clung there proves John Maraga was conscious. He couldn't have grabbed on there unless he was perfectly all right when he went over. He wasn't slugged, doped, anything. Just pushed. Well, I can think of a person he might have trusted. Have I guessed what was going to happen until the last minute? Oh, George. Any of them could have come down here without being seen. His shouts when he was hanging there wouldn't have been heard. Oh, Bruxy, look. Stop evading it. You know who I'm talking about. All those tears don't hide her motive. George, I just can't believe that a girl would... Yeah. You see what I see? Little Emily. George, she's crying. That's what I heard before. Yeah, walking like she didn't know where she was. George, she was... she was dead, too. She was hysterical, but she said she... I might shake. I didn't take it seriously. This is going where we were. George, grab her. No, stop. It's Herman. Beautiful night, isn't it? What are you doing down here, anyway? You know. Don't you? Why do you ask?  I seriously think of carrying out a threat like that. You think I'm ugly.  Oh, well, really, it isn't any... No, stay where you are. I don't think there's room for both of us here, Mr. Moraga. All right. All right. I loved your brother. I loved John. I'm 35. I'm not pretty. I know what I am. But he loved me, too. Now, now... Please don't touch me. Don't come any closer. It's all right. I know how you feel. It was an accident. Leave me alone. Well, just an accident. That's all. I told you. Don't touch me. Well... You'll be back home! You do it, didn't you? Look out, my arms. I've handled patience ten times as tough as you are. My arms. Look out the edge. This is what I said to you. Believe that I come down here and be thinking of jumping when it's you! Who's going to go? Come on, Betsy. Step on up. He's the one who's liable to be killed. I'll get you! I said get back! Easy, all of you. Lord, what's the matter with you? She's all right, George. Killed me. She was trying to push me. I know. I know. We saw it all. We thought it was going to be the other way around. Oh? It never occurred to me. She has the same motive for getting rid of you, Mr. Muraga. You're the only real brother. You're in her way, too. And Herman, for the love of Pete, what the closer little fool said? I thought that she was...  Oh, well, you please stop it. Yeah. Yeah, that's right. We prevented a murder. Now I can prove it. Murder number two. Hey, could you find out something? Lady, would you stop crying for one minute, please?    Herman did it. I was... The police couldn't find any clues for you, but you were like I was. You knew it had to be murder, and so you tricked Herman into following you down here. The only trouble was when you tried to take the law in your own hands, you picked the wrong person. What? Yeah, that's right. He didn't do it. He's demonstrated that pretty well right now, hasn't he? Only you. What's your name? Mary. Oh. Did you ever see the angel? Did I? What? Come on, come on. The angel in the rocks. You've lived around here 15 years. You said you've heard the legend. Oh, that. No, no. I don't know what you're talking about. There's no angel in the rocks, Valentine. Oh, yes, there is. Because I saw it. And John Muraga said he saw it too. Oh, no. No, he did. After you left him down here, Emily, she supposedly said it while smoking a cigarette. With you, Jake. No, wait a minute. I never said it. Oh, yes, you did. I remember it, John. And that was your mistake. Because Buster, that angel turns out to be a real angel of death. You can't see that rock formation from any place except halfway down a straight cliff. Now, one of the Indians had a legend. So when could John possibly have seen it except when he was climbing down there after he'd been shoved, clinging there, hanging there? Why did John scream out that he saw the angel? Was he pleading with you to help him? And did you just stand there and laugh at him, Jake? No, no, you're crazy. I'm just a farmer. Sure, you're a big, strong guy. And that's why the tracks of the wheelchair were nice and straight, Bruxy. A man strong enough could just tip it back, load it all and give it a roll. No, you listen to me. I was up with that setter of mine. I was clean out in the barn. Mary, help me. Mary, do you know what the penalty is for providing a false alibi and a murder case? No, no. I don't even know what you're talking about. You'd better tell me fast, lady. How many of those puppies you delivered? How much of that two hours Jake really spent with you in that barn? Hey, get it. She's running. No, no, we'll get her all right. But don't believe anything of them old things. That's all, Jake! And the angel really did solve it. Well, Bruxy, the weak need accomplished didn't help Jake much. Mary wasn't really mixed up in the... But she started the ball rolling. Now the answer could do, but confess after that. I suppose she wanted to keep the farm as much as he did. And Maraga was going to take it away, sell everything. The thing that all started with her being fired. And we tried to do it the right way, George. She hired you to find evidence of what she thought had happened. By woman's intuition. So just on the basis of that, she tries to play angel of destruction, of vengeance. It was crazy and wrong. But she loved John Maraga. Those tears were all true. She told us how much she loved him. First and only love of her life. I could tell. And he loved her just as much. I know, I know. Love, love, love.  With you around, I'll be darned if I know. Tonight you heard firsthand how new RPM motor oil was developed years ahead of its time. Only the new atomic research tools of our scientists could make possible this remarkable motor oil progress. Here's what it means to you. Compared with the best of conventional premium type oils, as designated by the American Petroleum Institute, new RPM cuts in half the wear rate of critical engine parts, doubles engine life between major overhauls due to lubrication. It maintains the low oil consumption mileage of average engines twice as long. And it doubles protection against acid, corrosion, gummy carbon and varnish. Stuff in for new RPM sold with a money-back guarantee of satisfaction at standard stations and independent Chevron gas stations where they say, and mean, we take better care of your car. Tonight's adventure of George Valentine has been brought to you by Standard Oil Company of California on behalf of independent Chevron gas stations and standard stations throughout the west. Robert Bailey has starred as George with Virginia Greg as Bruxy. Let George Do It is written by David Victor in Jackson Gillis and directed by Don Clark. Jeanette Nolan was heard as Emily, Larry Dodkin as Herman, Bob Griffin as Jake, Bill Boucher as John and Noreen Gamil as Mary. The music is composed and presented by Eddie Dunstetter, your announcer, John Easton. Listen again next week, same time, same station too. Let George Do It! Children who need neighborhood centers for places to play need your community chest contributions. Help keep youngsters off the streets out of trouble. Give generously to your community chest. This is the Mutual Don Lee Broadcasting System.


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My name is Andrew Hay. You know, very, very high-level background about me.  So this was at OpenDNS where I was expanding and growing and managing the data science team and the analysts. So I would be talking to people and I don't know, some of you may know Dia Majub, but he's got a PhD in graph theory. So one, I didn't know that that was a thing. And then in talking to him I realized he is way smarter than I would ever care to be as it pertains to graph theory.  So if you can't math good like me, then this is the talk for you.  Just be very, very proud. So basically what we're going to go over, I'm going to talk, there's going to be a very gentle introduction.  Talk about some of the graphs in everyday life, very, very high level. I'm focusing a lot on the tooling aspect to help you build your own tools or get accustomed to tools and platforms that will let you apply graph theory as it relates to OSINT. Because it's very, very powerful and probably a little bit easier than you think. And cheap, very, very cheap. So, show of hands. How many believe that A is a graph? One, two, a couple people. Okay. How many believe that B is a graph? How many believe that C is a graph? Well, the good news and bad news is you're all right and wrong. If you look up any of these charts, so we'll go over this a little bit, but if you look any of these up on something like Wikipedia, it actually says, oh, it's a type of graph that is used for charting this graphical reference model. Like, well, that doesn't really clear things up. Thanks. So, just for the context of this talk and from a data science perspective, when we're talking about a graph, it really is a collection of vertices, nodes, dots. And I really do use those interchangeably, and a lot of people do. Like, you'll hear people say vertices, child node, whatever. And it's where that entity represents something, whether it be a name, an IP address, a hash, and, you know, it could be any of the picture. And then there's the edges. Those are the relationships that tie those vertices together. And, you know, there is some sort of relationship between the two. So now you don't have to get a PhD in graph theory. Or at least an undergrad in graph theory. And I just want to say this. I always, you know, I poke a lot of fun at graph theory and people that understand it way better than me, but that's because it impresses the hell out of me how much they know. So it's very tongue-in-cheek. So no one should get very upset. Or too upset. I'm a big guy. I can take it. So this is a typical graph that you will see. And you can start this by yourself on a piece of paper. And I've done a lot of projects where I'm trying to map like information together just on a big sheet of paper with circles.  But so we have a vertex or a vertices, sorry, that is one that is connected to three via nine. So nine is denoting that edge connecting the two. You just graduated to your master's program. So again, it's a very basic structure that you can apply to things. So like person, Bob created or installed let's say an application on this server. So now you have a person, Bob, you could map to additional product installations, additional IP addresses, additional data to build this huge semantic network graph of data that will give you a very good idea of what is happening as it relates to Bob or the organization. So you can also add additional information to add more context. And that's typically known as a label or an ID. So, you know, for the person, we could say that this entity or this vertices is a person. And that person in this instance happens to be Bob or Marco. Marco. And Marco is 29 years old. And the software that was installed was a Java program called Lop. These aren't my pictures, by the way. All the sources at the bottom. So now that we've gone over that, how many believe that A is a graph? B? C? So if you talk to a data scientist, they will get extremely angry if you call a chart a graph. Likewise, they will get very angry if you call a plot a graph. But like I said before, they are all graphing mechanisms. And it looks like we're going to build a fort with that cardboard. Awesome. So again, for the purposes of this talk, a graph is a connection of nodes via edges to show you or to aggregate like information that you may need to reference at a later time. So when you're talking about graph theory, you'll hear terms used interchangeably like networks. Or like networking graph is used interchangeably. And because I came from a networking background when I started my career, I tend to focus on network because a network graph, it makes sense to me visually if I'm trying to map packets going from hop to hop to hop or from router to router to device. And that's, you know, I spent most of my early formative days using TSP dump. So that's just where my mind goes. But you can use them interchangeably. If the edges are directional, we're closed. Jeez. So if, is he all right? He's good? Okay. Good. Yeah. Yeah. All right. He can watch the video. So you'll have the direction. If you have the directionality associated with a graph, you don't need to have a direction. It is helpful when you're trying to map out a large amount of information as anyone who's used multigo will know. So this goes to this, not vice versa. But you can have, when you have a directed graph with the arrow going one way, that's sometimes called a digraph. But a lot of people just call it the directional graph. So if all the edges are bidirectional, which happens, you can have the arrows going both ways. We don't judge in graph theory. We don't judge. Or it can be unidirected. Or you could have no directionality at all. Entirely up to you how you want to represent the data for your purposes. So there's some variations as well. And you may have seen this in some larger applications where the, the edges may be thicker or a different color or have a different, like instead of a solid line, it's a dotted line and that denotes something else. It's very common.  And the same thing with the nodes. You can make them any color you want. Makes it very easy to spot when something seems out of place. Or you have a cluster of information that you may not have understood, but now when it's clustered like that, it kind of pops and you can draw additional conclusions. So graphs in everyday life, we run into graphs all the time. And probably my favorite, and again, I'm a network guy. So when, remember when those maps of the internet came out? It's like that is awesome.  But it, if you look at the graph on the left, you can see colors and those colors are associated with specific countries. So let's say that red and it probably is red is associated with the United States and the internet graph, you can see, you know, that huge cluster of information as it pertains to the United States. So if you are a visual person like me, it makes it very easy to zero in on something. If you're colorblind, I apologize. I didn't do colors. Another perfect example is Google Maps or any sort of mapping algorithm. How do I get from A to B?  And say what you want about all of the different mapping algorithms and mapping applications? They have probably helped you at one time or another. They may have had you off by a block or so, but they get you in the right neighborhood. And, yeah, you can also use graphs for perception and attitude analysis. Like, oh, what hashtags are trending now? Something about Britney Spears, undoubtedly. Which presidential candidate is being talked about the most? I think we know who that is. And then we can use this theory and apply OSINT to it. So, 10,000 foot view. So hang on, we're going to go really quickly through the tools. And all these slides are available. Say, I don't have to take pictures. Don't feel you have to take pictures of the slides. They probably won't come out that well, anyway. So, has anyone here used Google Fusion tables? It's one of those, like, pseudo undocumented, perpetual beta type of services that they have. But it's a fantastic way to build a network graph.  This belongs to this.  This is IP addresses. This is an address. This is an email address. And you're building all this, and then you hit go, and it's like, boop, hey, we've got a graph. That's kind of cool.  Nothing.  Because it's Google, but, you know, it has a very robust, yeah. Does anyone hear from Google? Does anyone here want to admit that they work at Google now? Yeah. Yeah. Are you the developer of Fusion Tables? Because I'm a big fan. So yeah, if you want to take a look at the docs, developersGoogle.com, Fusion Tables, very cool, SQL like interfaces to do queries and move around your data. You know, a lot of people bemoan SQL, but it still gets the job done quite a bit, or quite frequently. GraphViz, this is, I won't say it's one of the older, but it's been around for a while. It allows you to build somewhat complex network graphs, allows you to export them to all the various supported formats, PDF, SVG, ping. But, you know, it's, what makes it kind of cool is that you can embed hyperlinks. So if you want to embed hyperlinks and click on something, have it open up something else, and you all know how hyperlinks work. Some of us more than others. Now, I found this one very interesting. So Viz, has anyone heard of Viz before? It's, it was designed for journalists and authors and, you know, people that don't have a lot of technical acumen to start creating graphs of their sources and their information. So that when they're writing a story, instead of just a whole bunch of scribbled notes, they have that visual representation of how Bob was related to Mary and how they were both involved in, or being associated with a particular newspaper and then a story. So it makes it a lot easier for someone who's not incredibly technical to wrap their head around a symmetric network graph. Now, Geffi. Geffi is one of the old workhorses. This is one of the greatest data science tools for visualizing data because it can create a ridiculous amount of nodes and edges. People do call it the Photoshop, but for graph data. So you can change pretty much everything and anything. It is, you know, if you think of it as a tool built by data scientists for data scientists, that kind of sets your expectation or level of knowledge as to how difficult it is to use. But it's kind of like, is anyone here use R on a, yeah? Yeah, on a daily basis. I use R every day. It's the kind of thing that if you don't use frequently, you lose a lot of that knowledge, just like any programming language. Geffi, I find, is very similar in that respect. Does anyone heard of Open Graffiti? Hey. So, Tebow Roy at Open DNS created it and it's a 3D immersive symmetric network graph engine. And he built it. It was amazing. He hooked it up to the leap and the, the hell the goggles there. Yeah, Oculus Rift. So it was funny because you could see people and they were like, oh, grabbing nodes and edges and moving them around and then falling over eventually. It was great. But, you know, if anything came from Open Graffiti is that it justifies the purchase of an Oculus Rift for your sock. So if you ever see them, just think of like, hey, thanks for letting us buy toys. But an API, very accessible API to graph things on the fly and make those connections. So I've used this for, so I used to be an industry analyst at 451 Research and I was always curious which companies had received funding from which venture capitalist firms and what overlap there was in actual types of products. So I put five years of security mergers and acquisitions into my model and I was able to see who was acquiring the most types of a particular company and who could potentially be looking to acquire a company of that type. That's kind of interesting information for an analyst firm or for bankers to say, hey, you know what? This company doesn't have a product of this type but all of their competitors do. Who is available and for what price? So it's kind of fun. Actually I think that data set's included in the Open Graffiti. And then there's Maltico. I love this tool. It's fun. I, apparently I'm very bad at typos too. We're good at typos depending. It's the Community Edition. If you've not used this, download the Community Edition. It is great to play with. You can have directed graphs. You can map your data quite easily. It's not that steep a learning curve. It looks a little bit daunting at first especially if you try and use all of the visualizations and all of the connectors and run all the transforms. That's just not a good idea because that will just frustrate you and you won't want to use the tool again. They also have case file which is essentially an offline version. So if you're doing incident response or forensic analysis and you want to trade up from your handwritten notebook, not bad to use. Now databases, does anyone use Neo4j before? Does anyone like Java? The hands all go down. So Neo4j is a graph database that has a wonderful front end that does all of the visualizations for your graph associations for you. Now like any database, if you do really poor or poorly structured queries, you're going to have a very bad day when it tries to visualize all of them. Especially if you're not on a very powerful machine. So you have to be very careful. Just like running SQL queries against a large data set or a large database in production, you could have adverse effects trying to visualize things back. And even working with the data, like moving around zooming in, you could eat up a lot of your memory. But still pretty cool. Especially if you don't want to do a lot of the work yourself of trying to manipulate the nodes and edges. It has a pretty cool, it's called the Cypher query language, which is very similar to SQL. But yeah, end free. OrientDB, I haven't had a lot of time working with OrientDB. I played around with it a bit. I actually, in favor of Titan, so every big company that is doing threat intelligence, whether it's Cisco, OpenDNS, anyone that's doing like massive scale graph representation, odds are they're using Titan. Because it sits as an abstraction layer on top of your data, usually Hadoop, and allows you to have a graph database abstraction layer without really impacting your core data that much. So very, very cool. I love the graphic too. Graphics awesome. Good logoing. And then TinkerPop, which is, let's be honest, that's really fun to say. TinkerPop. It's an open source graph computing framework. I'd say it's relatively new compared to some of the other tools. But again, you can have it as an abstraction layer over different databases to get that, you know, that graphing that you want. So NetworkX is probably Python programmers in the room. Yeah, I really shouldn't have put my hand up because if you looked at my Git repo, you'd be like, you're not a Python programmer at all. And you'd be right. So NetworkX is what most people use for creating semantic network graphs. Graph tool is also fairly cool. Snap, I haven't used, but because it's written in C++, it is pretty fast from what I've heard in talking to people. And it does scale immensely. So if you need to make huge network graphs, and I'm not talking about visualization, I'm talking about just making those associations, you might want to look at Snap. Although NetworkX is still pretty awesome. Unless you're doing NASA level data manipulation, you're probably going to be okay with NetworkX. Semantic net, so Tebow who created Open Graffiti created a very simple graphing network library. And it's just creating semantic graphs in JSON. Makes it very easily readable to use in your other tools. And it's, you know, because it's JSON, it's easy to read. I tend to like that. Plotly, if anyone's not used Plotly, it's kind of cool. You can get a lot of your graphs and visualizations without having to do a lot of work. So this is really a module that just lets you map everything and then you push it off and Plotly will plot it for you in a cloud environment and give you like visual dashboards. So if you're not like a JavaScript whiz and don't like to do the Viz stuff on the fly, take a look at Plotly. Make your life a lot easier. Now if you are a JavaScript kind of person, Viz.js is very, very popular for creating semantic network graphs. JS NetworkX, again, it's a JavaScript port of NetworkX.  So let's make sure we're, yeah. Alright. So I like, when I was at Open DNS, I always loved when someone would create a report that said, you know, well, the first thing it would say is, you know, we believe these Chinese hackers did X, Y, Z or we believe these Russian hackers did X, Y, Z based on these two IP addresses. And then they would expand the report. And if you're lucky, they would put all of their IOCs in the bottom of the email or throughout the, or bottom of the blog post or scattered throughout screenshots in the blog post. If they're not there, sometimes you had to kind of go through back channels and ask someone like, hey, can I get the IOCs and then start doing some research on them. What I've found is that when I have that starting point, generally I can find additional new information that may be pertinent to that investigation that they had not considered or that just wasn't available at the time they did their research. So it becomes very cool if you want to get your feet wet, start looking at other people's published IOCs and then see where you can pivot off and add additional nodes and edges to make associations. So this is a, from Minerva Labs, they did a really good blog post talking about binary that was mimicking NaviCat, Info Ceiling, Malware, POS or Antimodule. So I loaded the indicators into Maltigo. So Maltigo CE, because it's free, I'm cheap and poor. So really what I did was I had available the hashes, domains, IP addresses, email addresses and I manually went and created those nodes and as you can see those nodes are not associated with anything yet. They're just nodes that have no edges whatsoever. So there's no association other than I know I put them in there. So what you can do, which is very cool with Maltigo, is if you right click on certain nodes you can enrich that data automatically. Now I would, if anyone has run all transforms after they've loaded a ton of transforms into the plugins folder, you're going to, you're going to have a bad day because it's going to look like someone threw a bunch of spaghetti on the wall in different colors and then you have to make sense of it after. If you start going through, or through an iterative process of running the transforms or creating those associations between the nodes, it's going to be far more manageable. So what I used, I had access to VirusTotal, so the VirusTotal public API, which anyone can get, Threat Crowd, which anyone can get access to, Passive Total, it was free, just had to register, so those were sources of information that I was able to use. And when I started enriching the data, it drew the associations together for me. So this is, you know, the most zoomed out view that I could get that showed all of the different nodes and you can see the associations, or all of the data that's associated with each node. Makes it a little hard to read, but luckily they have a nice color-coded legend at the bottom that helps you make sense of things. And you can click in here, zoom in, and figure out what's going on. So when you zoom in, looking at a particular hash, you could see, because of the VirusTotal association, or the VirusTotal transform, how the various vendors were recognizing that particular variant, which may or may not be useful, but if you start seeing associations between additional hashes that weren't mentioned in that original report, then you can draw inferences that they may be related and research a little bit more in depth. So you can also see very interesting intersections. So the domains are all associated with the same domain registrant. So I got that from PassiveTotal automatically. They're all associated with JD1ZZL33 at gmail.com. So it's not a hidden service, it's not a hidden email registrant, it's an actual gmail account. And you can also see that, you know, fraternitylaw.co.in, well, you know, allegedly in India, you could see the changes in dates. And then you can also see associations like how the domains are associated with the same IP address. So all of the domains that are in that report were associated with that same IP address. If I wanted to, I could then say, given this information, what additional domains are associated with that IP address? That could be a huge list, if it's a virtual hoster. It could be a very small list. Especially if this threat actor is only registering domains as they need them for specific campaigns. And then you can just enrich the data with all the other domains registered using that particular email address. So we could find streetfighterx.com. You could find a whole bunch of additional domains associated with that registrant that may or may not have been used in a previous campaign or might be used in a future campaign. So that gives you additional IOCs to track and monitor as time goes on. So when you start making all these associations, things get a little sloppy. So when you want, one thing I recommend is when you're working with many indicators and a lot of overlapping associations is to create a copy of that graph. So if you just want to, it's, one thing I'll say about Maltigo is it's hard to back out to the previous revision or several previous revisions because the revision control is more like Microsoft Word than it is a traditional revision control system. And you know, I'm not going to fault them on that. It's a great tool otherwise. But if you want to run test transforms and just see what kind of data can shake out by making assumptions, then just create a copy of that graph and play with that one. Keep your master copy untouched and untarnished. And if you find that in your copy, if that association adds value, then go back to your master and run the same association. It'll make trying to back out a lot easier. So you don't need a degree in mathematics to understand graph theory. If you have one, granted you will understand far more than me or the average person. But if you know the basics, it becomes so easy to use open source intelligence information to draw associations and make inferences based on that data to help with your investigations, to help with your recon, to help with anything you want to do with that data. And like I said, you can use a tool if you're not a developer or not even like a, I'll say like a punchy scripter like me, use a piece of paper. All of the graph theory I learned from Dia was him sitting with a notebook drawing things for me. We didn't even touch a computer. He was like, okay, well, we're going to draw, this is what a directed graph is. This is how you make these associations. And it was all in just a paper notebook. So you don't need fancy tools to do this association. Granted, it makes it much easier to enrich the data instead of like writing out a hash on paper and then saying, oh yeah, it's all these different associations. But you don't really need to. So the connection of any related information will help you visually represent the data. Some people are not visual people. I'm a visual learner. The application of graph theory to incident response and just investigations in general has greatly expedited my research when I'm conducting it. Because I see the associations, I see groupings of like data and I can focus or completely take that information and just move it off to the side and not have to worry about it. Because it's not pertinent to my investigation at that point in time. Like I showed you, there's a growing number of tools just in preparing this talk and giving this talk. There's probably been like five new really cool tools that popped up that apply to graph theory or help you apply graph theory as it relates to malware analysis or open source intelligence in general. But don't feel as though you have to pick one particular tool because it's everyone uses. So if you don't like network X, if you're not a python person, you're a javascript person, there are other tools you can use. If you don't want to have to use a graph database, then don't use a graph database. Work with flat datasets. Some of the best data scientists I've ever met hate databases. They would rather use just big flat files and just aggregate. They would rather use bash to analyze their data and then create really intricate and ridiculously long bash scripts to start mapping all of their data to one another. So pick what works for you, whatever is going to help you get the job done. If you find that one piece of advice, if you're doing any sort of development and you're saying, you know, I'm spending an awful lot of time on this, maybe I should just do this by hand, the answer is almost always no you should not. Because you've already started down a particular track and if you write a tool or write a script to help you do this, it's repeatable and you can do it again in the future and you can just modify that code.  And yeah, it works out really well. I've had people compliment me on my code, my stylings, oh, thanks. That was a great intern that I hired to fix that. So with that, I think we're kind of back on track. I tried to go as fast as I could, it may have been too fast, but if everyone wants to contact me, please feel free to reach out, email, you can try phoning, I probably won't pick up, but Twitter or email, I answer those. Does anyone have any questions? Because we have time, hey. No questions. Oh, yes, hi. Yeah, I tend to, so just to reiterate, what's my confidence in some of the transforms for the publicly available information? I use them all more as indicators or echoes that I need to follow up on. I would never say they're the definitive truth. And I would say that about all threat intelligence vendors and threat intelligence providers, because the data is only as good as what is coming in. So I take every association with a grain of salt, and to your point, some of these crowdsourced group threat intelligence tools for IPs, it's like oh great, your honeypot found an M-map scan. That means that China is attacking today, so that's everyone's top priority. Thanks, honeypot, but those crowdsourced intelligence can be easily gamed, and that's a whole other talk to, you know, tainting the well of information. Yeah, well, yeah, Virus Total is a great example.  But you know I'm not, because I've already said I'm a shitty programmer, so it's not me. And I'm bad at math, so you know I'd get bored really quick. Any other questions? No? You can beat the lines. Run!


Dweud i gyntaf o'r gwmpu gymaintau ac yn odeb i ddechrau nhw'n 18 ystod ar gyfer lyfr. Wrth cwrs, mae gasbwystei'r cymaint ac yn cyhoedd gwneud i'n mynd i'n dechrau panau. Mae hyn amddiannod oedd yr ymlaen nhw yn sain. Yr ystod yn mynd i fynd yn fyddleniol, oedd yn ymlaen ei hyn sy'n byw. Fe hyn ystod ymlaen ei hyn am y cwmaint nhw, dwi'n arwain ymlaen ei hyn yn teimlo'r ymlaen ei hyn yn fêno gyddyddol gyda'r ystafell diolch mewn cyfnodau sadyn o mor cyfnodau. Felly, dym ni'n gwneud o'r cwmno'n ei wneud? Felly, dym ni'n gwneud o'u gwneud o'i gwneud o'u gwneud o ddeithasgr Ellin. Felly, dym ni'n gwneud o'u gwneud o'u gwneud o'u gwneud o'u gwneud o ffordd, ddim yn cyffinogaeth f perderol, ac rwy'n ffordd rynnodd Awesomehead i'r dyma'r cymddi sydd gennym ni'n gyfun Field of the Halif SWE, I would like to welcome Dean Lockhart MSP to the meeting. Dean would be the convener of the proposed group. I would like to invite Dean Lockhart MSP to make an opening statement about the purpose of the group, please. Thank you, convener, and good morning everyone for giving me the opportunity to appear before the committee this morning. The proposed cross-party group on Japan can make an important contribution in a number of areas. By way of background, Scotland continues to see increasing links with Japan in a number of areas, including trade, foreign direct investment, education, culture and sports. In terms of trade, Japan is a major export market for Scotland and is the fourth largest investor into Scotland. There are opportunities for Scottish business in a number of sectors to increase trade with Japan. In education, we are seeing an increasing number of Japanese students coming to educational establishments in Scotland, high school as well as higher education. In terms of culture and sports, we are seeing increasing ties between the countries. We have the upcoming world cup, a rugby world cup in Japan and the Olympics also hosted in Japan. In terms of the role of the proposed cross-party group, we will look to work with key stakeholders and organisations to promote all those links and to promote within Parliament a better understanding of the links between the two countries. Thank you very much, Dean. Can we have any questions from members? First one from Gil, and then from Elaine, please, and then Tom. Just for information, is this the first cross-party group in Japan in the Scottish Parliament? No, it's not. In previous sessions of the Parliament, there have been cross-party groups on Japan. In a sense, this is a proposal to reintroduce the cross-party group on Japan. I'm surprised if you could enlighten us why it didn't maintain itself, because not only have you described exactly where we are at present time, and I concur with what you've said about the importance of a good connection between Japan and Scotland. Of course, in the past, Scotland's relationship with Japan in the past right up until the Second World War was very, very close. A lot of Scots have been involved, including a lady from Kirkntilloch who brought Santori to Japan. Some of the big conglomerates had Scottish connections, so I'm surprised. I'm very much support what you're doing, I should say, but I'm surprised that it fell away in the first place. Maybe you could not assure responsibility, but it would be an understanding why that was. I think that it was a situation where the different members who were involved previously were not able to take it forward. I agree with you that there's a real need to increase and look at the ties, so that's something that I begin to do, moving forward. Thank you very much, Gil. Just before Elaine comes in, I just welcome member of group Maureen. Maureen, what is our item? Just to let Maureen know that we're on the item right at the beginning to talk about the cross-party group in Japan. You're up to speed there. That's great. Thank you for that. Thanks very much, convener, and thanks for coming along this morning to Dean Lockhart. I don't certainly don't have any objection at all to a cross-party group on Japan, although we do have quite a number of cross-party groups. It's probably getting to the point where I'm wondering how members are going to be able to be covering them all, but it does seem that what the member has outlined is a reason and a purpose for having a cross-party group. What I'm interested in is that the very name cross-party group usually indicates that the office bearers would be from different parties, but you're proposing that your office bearers are the convener and deputy convener, and they're both from the Conservative party. That may happen in other cross-party groups, but I don't know of it. I think that that's a bit unusual. Is that something that you've thought about? It's a good question. It's certainly not by design. I think that it's frankly a function of this cross-party group being established quite a bit later on in the term, and there being a lot of other commitments that other MSPs have, so I don't think that that was something that we intentionally set out to do. I'm very happy, if and when the group gets up and established, I'm very happy to have another look at that, and to increase the participation of other parties in the group going forward. Thank you, and just for clarification. That's a good point, Elaine. Thank you very much. There are other cross-party groups of similar circumstance, and it's not in the code, so it is allowed, but it's a very good point because I hadn't actually thought about it at all. What is the knowledge with the group so far of Japanese language? Is it intended that you travel out there during the various events that are beginning to take place between ourselves and Japan? We would certainly have no plans for any travel. The group is strongly supported by a number of stakeholders, including the Asia-Scotland Institute, which is a leading organisation in Scotland with the role of increasing links not just with Japan but with Asia generally, and the secretariat is supported by David Burrell, who is the chief executive of Asia-Scotland, so I think that we've got a strong base there. I personally speak a little Japanese. I've worked in Tokyo for two years, so I've got a bit of experience myself, but I won't try to speak Japanese this morning. I think that you were only supposed to be there for a year, but you couldn't find your way out, not reading the signs or something like that. Okay, thank you very much. Any other questions at all? Okay. We would like to thank Dean for your attendance, and the committee will consider to approve the application for recognition, and we'll inform you thereafter of our decision. Thank you very much, convener. Thank you. Thank you very much, Dean. Okay, so the next item, as you will see on your sheet there, is agenda item 3, and that is approval of cross-party group on Japan. Can I invite comments from members, please? Yes, Elaine. Thank you. Just in terms of what I was asking previously, I do think that it would be good practice for cross-party groups to try and have office bearers from different parties, so it's maybe something that might not be in the codes, but perhaps it's something that we should be trying to encourage. However, I don't have an invitation to this group for me. Sure. Okay, Rhett and Gil. Well, I know that we're here to really look at the mechanisms, and it's quite a technical aspect that, as far as I'm concerned, we should get engaged in. Having said that, I think that it's a good cross-party group that would be a benefit to Scotland and the UK, in fact. I think that the fact that we don't have one is quite surprising to me. I think that there are great opportunities in all sorts of ways, such as art, commerce and industry. I'm very much supported, I think, so I can admit it. I'll bring something back from what they do. Okay, thank you very much. Tom Mason and then Maureen Watt, please. Yes, I'm fully supportive of this, but my only concern going forward is just how many cross-party groups we've actually generated. I think that we've approved one every time a saturness committee is so far, and it's coming to the point where MSPs are being pretty thin on the ground, so I think that we should look at that in this not too distant future. Okay, I think that that's a reasonable thing to say. Thank you, Tom, and Maureen, please. Yeah, apologies again for being late, convener. I'm very supportive of this group being set up. We had one previously, and it was very much the baby of the late Alec Johnson, and I don't know if that's been said before, but you know, it was a shame that it fell into Bains, and I think it being resurrected and formed again would be a testament to him. I think that's a very good point to raise, actually. I think it should be, as it is on the record anyway. I think that's really nice. Okay, I think that there's any other points. Two things coming out of that, well three. One is that there appears to be no one against the establishment of this committee. Cross-party group on Japan, there are two elements. One was regarding the make-up of the membership, and I think that we could maybe look into that further, not in this particular instance, but in general. I also, of course, the fact that Tom Mason has referred to, and it's been referred to before by Tom and others, that this would be up to about 106, I think, cross-party groups, which is a lot, and we maybe do need to address that in some way, and come back to that at a future meeting to talk about that. Is that the same reason, Tom? Maybe the clerks can sort out a answer paper to discuss options for that. Okay, well that's good, and thanks because I've been informed that the CPG annual report will be coming up soon, and that'd be an opportunity for us to have an input to that, and that seems reasonable, I think. Okay, so can we look at whether members agree to accord recognition to the proposed cross-party group on Japan? Great. And people do, and that means the members do, and that means that that cross-party group on Japan can be established, and that ends the public part of this meeting today. Thank you very much.


Hello, this is David Digger Hernandez and you are watching Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network.  And I want to give you three keys to clearly hearing His voice. You are going to begin to hear the voice of the Holy Spirit with confidence and clarity. We're going to get into that right now. And first, Stephen Moctezuma is here with me. He's going to lead you in some very anointed worship and then we're going to get into this message here is Stephen Moctezuma. There was another in the fire standing next to me, there was another in the waters holding back the seas, and should I ever need reminding of how I've been set free, there is a cross that bears the burden where another died for me, there is another in the fire, there is another in the fire, there is another in the fire, there is another in the fire. Let me start by saying that when I tell you that I'm going to give you three biblical keys to hearing the voice of the Holy Spirit, it's important that you understand that I'm not giving you a man-made formula, I'm pulling truths from the scripture. Now no one can know the voice of the Holy Spirit except by the Holy Spirit. So I can't just necessarily teach you how to hear the voice of God. But these three keys that I'm giving to you are based on biblical truths, they are biblical realities and these three keys will position you to be one who can hear the voice of the Holy Spirit for yourself. We must come to the place where we no longer accept the lie of the enemy, and the lie of the enemy is this, the voice of God is difficult to hear. It's almost become the norm. Christians in general just accept this idea, this notion that the voice of the Holy Spirit is difficult to hear, and they live a life struggling to hear God, never confident that he is speaking to them, never really clear about the direction for their lives and we want to avoid this at all costs because if you look in the Bible the way the believers moved, though they made mistakes, though they had their downfalls, though they had days where they disobeyed God, they knew the voice of the Holy Spirit. And so as we move through these truths I want you to begin to let your faith be stirred and I want you to reject that idea, reject that notion that the voice of the Holy Spirit is difficult to hear. Now it's important that you learn the voice of God because really there's a lot of noise out there. Just check social media, a lot of chatter. The devil speaks, demons speak, politicians speak, Hollywood speaks, the music industry speaks. I can go on, your emotions speak. Your family speaks, your friends speak, your situation speaks. There are many different messages, many different ideas coming at you from all sorts of different directions and we must as believers rise above the noise lest we fall into the traps of not hearing the voice of the Holy Spirit and here are some of the traps. Number one, spiritual deafness. This is something that we saw with Samson in Judges chapter 16 verse 20. The Bible says, then she cried out, Samson, the Philistines have come to capture you. When he woke up he thought, I will do as before and shake myself free, but he didn't realize the Lord had left him. Now we know of course the Holy Spirit does not leave the believer, that's John chapter 14 verse 16, but here the Scripture is telling of a consequence. Maybe it was the power of the Holy Spirit that was no longer active in him. I believe that God was still with him in the sense that he's omnipresent. God was still aware of his situation, but that active power on his life was diminished. Why? Because he did not heed the Word of God, he did not heed the voice of God. He continued down the path of temptation, never once stopping and incrementally he gave up his strength. Why? Because he never listened to the voice that was speaking to him very clearly. He saw the Philistines come in to try to capture him several times and I'm sure that the Holy Spirit tried to speak to him about that situation, but never once did he pause, instead he remained plagued by spiritual deafness. Number two, his voice will help us to avoid the sin of presumption. Now I don't believe that Christians should live a paranoid lifestyle constantly wondering if they're stepping ahead of God. In fact, many Christians use the voice of God as an excuse to do nothing for him. They're waiting for the heavens to open for God to speak something very clearly and audibly even before they go out and do any ministry. And this is not really the way God intended for us to do ministry. In fact, Paul the apostle, when he was on his way to Asia, he didn't even pray about whether or not God wanted him to go to Asia. You know how I know he didn't pray about God's will concerning Asia? I know he didn't pray about Asia because while he was on his way there, the Holy Spirit stopped him. Now, why would the Holy Spirit stop him? Because it wasn't his will. So Paul obviously never prayed about it. Paul obviously never said, Lord, do you want me to go to Asia? He just went because that's where the gospel was needed. And the Lord stopped him because it wasn't his will. So you can trust that the voice of God will guide you as you go. Here's where danger comes in. Danger comes in when you are so confident in your own ability that you forget to stop and listen to the voice of the Holy Spirit. So you're not going to get to heaven and find that God is going to send you to hell.  I never told you to share the gospel with that individual. No, these are things that God expects us to do based upon what his word says. Don't wait to hear in the Spirit what God has already commanded you to do in his word, which is go. So I'm not talking about paranoia. I'm talking about presumption. This stubborn motion forward that you just continue down that path, regardless of any of the signs that God is giving to you, this is the sin of presumption. In 2 Samuel chapter 7, the Bible says, when King David was settled in his palace and the Lord had given him rest from all the surrounding enemies, the king summoned Nathan the prophet. Look, David said, I am living in a beautiful cedar palace, but the Ark of God is out there in a tent. Verse 3, Nathan replied to the king, go ahead and do whatever you have in mind, for the Lord is with you. But that same night, the Lord said to Nathan, go and tell my servant, David, this is what the Lord has declared. Are you the one to build a house for me to live in? So Nathan had to go and correct the word that he had given to David. And in fact, God did not want David to build this. And so Nathan had given David the okay before consulting with the Lord. He didn't give the correct word of the Lord to David. And so he presumed that God would be okay with it. And therefore, David almost went ahead with plans that God did not approve of. And so this is an example of the sin of presumption. Knowing his voice will also help you avoid the trap of tradition. We see in Exodus chapter 17, verses four through six, that Moses was told to strike a rock and water gushed out of it. Now that's a powerful miracle in and of itself, but then Moses finds himself in a similar situation in Numbers chapter 20, and this is in verses seven through 12, and Moses is told to speak to the rock. And instead of obeying the voice of God, instead of obeying the voice of the Holy Spirit and speaking to the rock, Moses once again strikes the rock. Now many commentators have weighed in with their opinions, and there are a lot of good ways to see this. But one of the things that stands out to me is the fact that I think that Moses was likely striking the rock because that's what he had done before. In other words, he was following tradition, not the voice of the Holy Spirit. So if we don't know the voice of the Holy Spirit, we get trapped in tradition, we get trapped in doing things the way we had done them before, thinking that God is still in that method or in that way when he's actually moved on to something else. So power is not found in a system, it's found in obedience. So we need to hear his voice. Now in first Samuel chapter three, verses one through 10, you'll see the call of Samuel and God begins to call to him, Samuel, Samuel. Samuel hears the voice of God, but instead of responding to God, Samuel goes to his mentor, Eli. He says, did you call me? Eli says, no, this happens a couple more times to finally, Eli realizes, hey, this is God speaking to you. Samuel finally says, speak, Lord, your servant hears. So what does this mean? This shows us that it's possible to hear the voice of God without recognizing the voice of God. Let me show you something. John chapter 10, verse 27, watch this. My sheep hear my voice and I know them and they follow me. The question is not, can I hear the voice of God? The question is, are you his sheep? Now I'm not trying to scare you and no, I don't want to raise doubt because the reality is this and this is probably one of the most radical truths I can tell you concerning the voice of the Holy Spirit. Concerning the voice of the Holy Spirit, here is that radical truth. You are already hearing the Holy Spirit right now.  No, I'm not saying I'm the voice of the Holy Spirit. I'm saying that God is speaking to you about something in your spirit he's talking to you. Like Samuel, you are hearing him but not recognizing him. There is a thought in you. There is something being spoken to you that deep within you know is the voice of the Holy Spirit but maybe you're struggling with it.  Again, remember it's not about hearing him, it's about recognizing him and there are other voices that speak to you. Categorically speaking, there are really only three voices that will ever speak to you. Every bit of information, every idea, every attitude, everything that you will ever hear or receive mentally will fall under one of these three categories. Number one, the satanic. Number two, the secular. Number three, the spirit. The spirit aligns with both the word and the nature of God. The satanic contradicts the word. It's very easy to spot if you're in the Bible. However, the secular is much more subtle. It violates the nature of God and therefore you have to know the nature of God to see when something is secular and of the flesh because oftentimes the flesh can disguise itself as spirit. We have to be very careful of this. Now people complicate this but it's really very simple. Again, it's not a matter of hearing him but recognizing him.  How would you describe it? How would you say they sound? You would say, oh well, my mother has a high pitch voice or my father has a deep voice or my uncle has a nasally voice. You would do your best to describe their voices to me but even if you describe their voices to me and I listened to your description it would do me no good if I were to try to pick out their voice in a crowd of 100 people if I had never heard their voice before. In the same way people ask me what does the voice of God sound like? Will you know it by the spirit? Well, what does it sound like? You know it by the spirit and look, I know that's not the answer you want to hear but this is just the truth. You know him by the spirit. It's as simple as that. So could you describe the voice of your loved one to me? Sure, but would your description of their voice be adequate for me to be able to point them out of a crowd without ever having heard them before and the answer is no. It's just not possible to describe it that in that manner in such a detailed way. In the same way I can't describe the voice of God to you in a way that you'll be able to hear him if you are not a believer and if you don't have the Holy Spirit. So again, this is very important that you understand. It's by the Holy Spirit that you understand that you know and that you become familiar with his voice. You would know your loved one the moment they called you and you heard their voice on the other line.  How would you describe sight to a man born blind? How would you describe hearing to a man born deaf? In the same way, when someone is not familiar with the voice of God, it's very difficult for me to describe it to them. But here are the three keys that you can apply in your life that will help you to silence the other voices, the satanic and the secular. And once those voices are silent, the only voice that will be left is the voice of the Holy Spirit.  All that's going to be left is the voice of the Holy Spirit. And again, this is why I say that I can't teach you in a formula, but I can teach you to be positioned to hear the voice of God. This will not work for you if you don't have the Holy Spirit. This will not work for you if you are not a believer. Now don't freak out.  I must not be a believer. Again, we're not living in paranoia. This is something that you have to learn. It takes time and this is very key. It takes time in the presence of God. You can't just like that. But if you apply these keys, you'll begin hearing the voice of God with confidence and clarity today if you are a believer who is spending time with the Lord. Okay, so number one, the first key, here we go. Silence and stillness. Silence is the putting away of outer distraction. It's turning off my phone. It's shutting the door. That's Matthew chapter six, verse six. But when you pray, go away by yourself.  Then your father, who sees everything, will reward you. That's that shutting away. That's that putting away of all of the physical distractions. That's silence. That's the easy part. That takes discipline. Then there's stillness. Silence is the putting away of outer distraction. Stillness is the quieting of the soul, the quieting of the emotions, the quieting of the mind, the quieting of the doubt, of the guilt, of the cynicism, of the bitterness, of the unforgiveness, of all of the things that assault our mind. That is the hard part. It's silencing that inner chaos. The Bible says in Psalm chapter 46, verse 10, be still and know that I am God. I will be honored by every nation. I will be honored throughout the world. Be still and know that I am God. Stillness precedes revelation. So much is going on in our minds. You ever hear God in hindsight? In other words, you move throughout your day, you get to the end of the day and you look back at a moment and you think, oh my goodness, I think that was the Lord speaking to me. That's because we're so busy. Everything is so fast paced that we never take the time to hear His voice. So when I pray, I put away things.  Yes, that is a part of what you are to do. I believe in unceasing prayer, which is day-to-day moment-to-moment, and then there's this type of prayer, the silent and still prayer, the shutting yourself away, the Matthew 6-6 prayer, where you create that atmosphere. That is a form of prayer too, and both are necessary.  But silence and stillness are key. So that's key number one, silence and stillness. Put away the outer distraction and quiet the soul. How do you quiet the soul?  That's how you quiet the soul. Those are the two very practical keys, which key number two, the word. The word is the key to hearing his voice. The word will familiarize you with his voice. The word will position you to hear his voice. The word will give you confidence when you're hearing his voice. John chapter 14 verse 26 says, but when the Father sends the advocate as my representative, that is the Holy Spirit, He will teach you everything and watch this remind you of everything I have told you. In other words, he reminds and he reveals. He reminds me of the word that I've heard from him, the words of Jesus found in Scripture, and he reveals truth to me. So he reminds me of the word and he reveals, the Holy Spirit reveals everyday things that we need to hear. I can't find in chapter and verse what job I'm supposed to take. I can't find in chapter and verse what school I'm supposed to go to. I can't find in chapter and verse where I'm supposed to live. And while I believe that God allows for our free will to be exercised within the confines of his will, we have to recognize that there are some limitations to what God will have us do. There are moments where God will say, definitely don't move there, but for the most part, you have freedom. So God is not inhibiting us. We're not living under this paranoia, as I said. But as we move, he must guide us. As we move, we must be aware of his voice so that we don't step into any traps. But don't be afraid to move because he will guide you as you move. So the word of God will familiarize you with his voice. Again, it's like that voice in the crowd. When you spend time with a loved one and you hear them again and again, and then you hear them on their phone, you go, oh, that's so and so. The same thing happens with the voice of God. You begin to read the word, and as you read the word, you become familiar with the voice of the Holy Spirit. And then when you hear him by the Spirit, you go, that sounds like the Lord. Keep in mind, by the way, I know this is cliche. I know this is very basic when I'm about to say, but it's so, so, so, so important because we say it, but then I don't think we actually realize it. The voice of the Holy Spirit will never contradict the word of God. It will never happen. So you have to know the word as your safety net so you don't go out of bounds. So number one, silence and stillness. Number two, the word number three, this one's really gonna challenge you, it's obedience. Psalm chapter 37, verse 23 says, the Lord directs the steps of the godly. He delights in every detail of their lives. Wow, Proverbs 3.6 says, in all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. The Lord directs the steps of who? The godly, the obedient. Now I'm not saying that God leaves us to do things on our own, and that if we aren't living up to his standards that he never comes to help us. No, the Holy Spirit is our helper. He works alongside of us in these things. But what I am saying is that a life of disobedience will make it very difficult to hear the voice of God. In all thy ways acknowledge him and he'll direct thy paths. At least pause to acknowledge him, and acknowledging him is obeying him. That's part of acknowledging him. To disobey us to ignore him, to not acknowledge what he said. Acknowledgement is pausing to hear him and acknowledge him. So if you will acknowledge him, if you will obey him, he will continue to add to what he's saying to you. Look, if you will obey what you know the word of God says, then God will add to your faithfulness. So I read in the word, don't be drunk. I read in the word, don't fornicate. I read in the word, don't commit adultery. I read in the word, don't lie, don't steal, okay? I don't do those things. Obey the word. Then you read in the word, evangelize. Live holy, worship, pray. Okay, I'm gonna start obeying that. So if you obey his word on what you shouldn't do and what you should do, and God sees this, now he can trust you. Now he can speak to you. So I've obeyed what is written in the word and now God begins to direct me. Now here's what's interesting, is people say, oh, I want the Lord to speak to me. If you really wanted God to speak to you, you would be in the word every day until you heard his voice. You would be in the word of God just reading chapter after chapter after chapter after chapter until you heard him. Why? Because the word of God is, the Bible is the word of God. The written word is the word of God. The Bible is the word of God. Why is God going to speak to you about the next step if you haven't taken the first step? Why is God going to speak to you in the spirit realm if you haven't allowed him to speak to you in the natural realm? If he can't trust you with the written word, how is he supposed to trust you with the Ramah word? These are things we must do. We must obey him. And here's the thing about the Lord, is God will speak and then not speak again until you've obeyed what he's already spoken to you. That's why some people don't want to pray. That's why some people don't want to get in the word because they already know what he's telling them and they don't want to obey him. But if you will obey him, the voice of God, the voice of the Holy Spirit will become crystal clear. So number one, silence and stillness. Silence the other voices, the secular and the satanic. You do that through silence and stillness. And how do you find stillness of the soul? Again, it's worship in the word. Number two, the word, the word familiarizes you with this voice. Number three, obedience. I obey the word and when I obey the written word, he can trust me with the Ramah word. And that is it for the lesson. I want to pray with you now. And I want to pray that God would give you this new, how should I put it?   So Holy Spirit, I pray that even now as we focus on Jesus, the Son of God, that you would cause other voices to be silent. I rebuke every demonic voice in the name of Jesus. I rebuke every tormenting spirit in the name of Jesus. I rebuke guilt and shame in the name of Jesus. I rebuke worry and fear in the name of Jesus. And I pray, Holy Spirit, that you would ignite a fire in them, that they would be so passionate, that they would be so hungry to know your voice. They would stop at nothing, give them a hunger for the word of God in the name of Jesus we pray. And I want you to say it because you believe it, say amen. Well, I want to welcome now the new members of Spirit Church. There you are up on the screen. We love you, we're praying for you. I always say that because I always mean it. If you like information on how you can join the Spirit family, go to davidhernandezministries.com slash spirit church. You're going to get, when you sign up to that emailing list, it's free by the way, you're going to get a brand new video from me every single week. You're going to get a brand new worship clip from Stephen Mockezuma in that same email. It's weekly, it's free. Make sure you sign up to Spirit Church, join the Spirit family today, now over 11,000 members from all around the world. Again, davidhernandezministries.com slash Spirit Church. And now to your comments, I've been in this series on the Holy Spirit and these comments come from last week's teaching, the language of the Holy Spirit where I taught in depth, guys, details, scriptures, solid biblical truth on the gift of speaking in tongues. And I highly recommend you go back and watch that because if you can operate in the gift of speaking in tongues, that's another key to the voice of the Holy Spirit becoming really, really clear. So I'm going to read these comments, but make sure to check out the other content here. And if you're watching us on YouTube, be sure to subscribe, like, comment, and share the content. That really helps us a lot when you share the content. But leave a comment, wherever you're watching this from, leave the comment and maybe next week I'll get to your comment. You never know when I'm going to read yours. Here are the comments from last week's teaching, the language of the Holy Spirit. These are the comments my team selected. Alina Connery writes, this is a really good teaching. God is leading me to his understanding of his language. Thank you, Lord. And thank you, evangelist David Hernandez and the ministry. May God bless your ministry and grow to save more souls in Jesus' mighty name, amen.  Your teachings have helped me tremendously. I often wondered how I could help spread the gospel myself. So God led me here and now I donate $30 a month. Glad to be partnering with you. Well, Glenn, thank you so much. It's because of your support and the support of believers like you that we are able to continue to spread the gospel through media and events and we never have to charge for an event and we never have to charge for a video. So thank you for allowing us to do that. Altan official writes, this man is a real man of God. I never thought I would speak in tongues after today. I have been given the gift of tongues. God is real. God bless you. Nana Sarpong writes, this was the best explanation of tongues that I've ever heard. I'm literally sitting here thinking, why aren't I a member of this church yet? And the final commenter writes, the moment I watched this, I learned more about the language of the Holy Spirit. I didn't know about those expressions and now with this teaching, I have learned it. Also, I love the story about that childlike faith. I love that really. Thank you, evangelist David.  I will always pray for spirit church. Continue to be an inspiration to many. I myself consider you as my mentor. Thank you for this ministry and for your obedience to God. Again, God bless. Well, Daniela, God bless you. I'm so very blessed to know that the Holy Spirit is working in your life through this ministry.  I don't want to talk to you about something.  I don't know if you've ever been in a situation where you found the perfect gift for maybe your friend, maybe your parent, maybe your sibling, maybe your spouse. You find the perfect gift and maybe it's their birthday or Christmas or whatever the occasion may be. And you're so excited to give them that gift because you can't wait to see their reaction. That right there is the essence of generosity. It's love. How much more should we desire to give a good gift to Jesus? He's never held back from us. He's given us salvation. He's given us peace of mind. He's given us his body on a cross. He shed his blood for us. He's given us the gift of the Holy Spirit. He's given us the spiritual gifts, the gift of life, life eternal. He's given to us. I wanna ask you to give to him. I wanna ask you to give to Jesus through this ministry. When you send finances to this ministry, it's like you're putting a gift in the hands of Jesus himself. Yes, God blesses those who give. Yes, when you give, it unlocks the door of provision. Yes, when you give, God supplies all your needs. But that's not why we give. We give because when we give toward the work of the gospel, when we give toward winning souls, we're giving to him his greatest desire, which is souls. For every soul we win to the Lord, we're wiping a tear off his face. So give a good gift to him. Let your heart overflow with love. Let your generosity rise to a new level. And say, Jesus, I wanna lavish you with worship. I wanna lavish you with the worship of giving. And I wanna give a good gift to you.  I wanna put a smile on your face. Give to him today through this ministry.  Give the best you can give today to help this ministry continue going and growing strong. Sign up today to become my partner for $30 or more a month. And I will send you either carriers of the glory, encountering the Holy Spirit in every book of the Bible, or 25 truths about demons and spiritual warfare. It'll be my gift to you. It'll be my way of saying thank you for supporting the ministry. Our ministry is just getting started. But already we're reaching millions of people through media, thousands of people through events, and we want you to be a part of this. Give a one-time gift today or become a monthly supporter of this ministry. You can go to davidhernanisministries.com slash donate right now. davidhernanisministries.com slash donate. We accept giving from all around the world. There's PayPal, you can give by card, bank account, there's stock, there's Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. We accept all forms of payment. Why? Because we know that the people of God want to lavish the Lord with their gifts. So I encourage you today, do that right now. davidhernanisministries.com slash donate.  Maybe you've said I want to help this ministry. Oh, but next month or next week, look. Just go by faith, become a supporter and you watch what the Lord will do for you. But do it because you love him. Do it because you're saying Lord, thank you for this ministry. Thank you for your word and help us continue to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ all around the world in the power of the Holy Spirit through events and media. Go right now, davidhernanisministries.com slash donate. And that is it for this edition of Spirit Church here on the EncounterTV network. Until next time, remember, nothing is impossible with God. Thank you for watching EncounterTV. Don't forget to subscribe and click the notification bell. Also, help us spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in the power of the Holy Spirit. Make a one-time donation or become a monthly supporter by clicking on the donate link now.