I always look at the pitch, I always look at the count to know when to go to the home plate, to be prepared, and thanks to God things are going well. Is it something that's always come naturally to you or is it something that you had to work at through video and watching and learning? Yeah, that's something you actually develop as you go through the many different levels of professional baseball. I always have a plan in mind, matter of executing that plan. Talking about you as in the rookie of the year race. The thing is that there are more important things right now, overall. For us it's very important to win games. We have a bigger goal in mind, so that's the focus right now. At the end of it all, if it happens you know what happens, but we're trying to accomplish something bigger here than an individual award.


Hello again. I've just completed Unit 15 of my online course. This was about evaluation and testing. So the types of tests that you do with your students from sort of the beginning stage when they come to you throughout the time that they're with you and then at the end when you're sort of in the examining stage. So it looked at types of test placement tests like diagnostic tests that kind of thing. It also the bit that did interest me was about who could do a TEFL course. So what you kind of have to do before if anything and the variety of ways that there are to continuously sort of monitor progress. So I'm sort of used to doing this in in sort of native speaking schools but you don't really realise how much you're doing it actually and I think with with like sort of TEFL type stuff it may be easier I don't know for students to sort of fall behind faster if they're not understanding or engaging. So again it's kind of that sort of reconfirming that you have to assess students individually and continuously as well. So yeah it was really useful a lot of stuff about getting them ready for sort of end-of-year stuff and exam time and practice units and mock exams and things like that. I thought this was quite a straightforward unit not that different stuff that you would do in a sort of normal school sort of in England. So yeah I guess just knowing the process when you when you do things like when do you do a diagnostic test how useful is it if you do it at the beginning as opposed to in the middle or the end of a course. So just just making sure you know when things should be done to be most productive basically. So yeah really really good unit.


Ta-da! Well hello everybody and welcome back to my channel. It's been a hot minute since I've done an aerial video like this where it's just a hand video. But I have been wanting to do this project for so long. It all stems from this container. I am gonna show you how I am going to make this a really wonderful travel container for either your purse, the office or your car. Just something on the go. This I actually purchased at Joanne Fabrics. My local Joanne Fabrics. And on the side it says Craftmates Lockables. I don't have any other information than that. But yeah, if I can find the link, I will link it down below. Really neat thing about this is there is a little button right here. And when you push it, like you can't open this normally. So when you push it down, then it unlocks these.  So anyways, let's get on to the project. First of all, I have my little brother P-Touch. I have already created my labels, but this is the label maker that I use. If I can find it, I will link it down below. And I just wrote out all of the different things that I wanna put in here. What I wanna use this for is more like everyday kind of a use. So I wanted some Advil and Tylenol. Also some Tums, if you eat something that just isn't agreeing with your body. And then also some like cold and flu kind of things. I have these, these are like the oscillium. I think that's how you say it. But these are like a little dissolvable thing you put on your tongue and it helps with like cold and flu stuff. I've got some throat drops. Also some Dayquil. And these are just some like noun drowsy, cold cough pressure kind of medicines that I'm gonna put in here as well. So everything here is okay like to drive with I guess was kind of my main motivation with it. Cause I wanted this to be like something that was like more on the go. So yeah, all right. Oh, I shouldn't have done that first. Hold on, it's not a true Emily video if she hasn't already messed it up. So I wanted to grab my scissors, which is right here, which by the way, a long time ago, I stole them from my mom. They have her initials on here. Sorry mom. Anyways, so I wanted to kind of just trim down these little things. Like this one says Tums. Can we see? Is it gonna focus? It probably won't. My camera's having so many issues focusing lately, but this one says Tums. So I'm gonna put it, you know, wherever it goes. But I think my most used things would be like the Advil and Tylenol. So I think I'm gonna put those in the first two and then the Tums and then it's gonna go into like kind of more cold and flu kind of stuff. So I actually got these in the travel section at Target and I can put links below for you guys, but I think you can probably handle finding your own stuff that would work for you. So yeah, I mean, these little capsules are great, but when you want more than just this, it's, you know, kind of nice to have it all in one space. And I'm just gonna put this in my, like either my glove compartment or my like center console because I don't really have much in there at the moment. Oh, what am I doing? Seriously. Let's get this all unpackaged. Cool. So Advil is kind of my like number one. So I'm gonna just trim this baby down. I'm just gonna put it at the bottom there. See, Advil, beautiful. All right, and then where am I at now? Tylenol. Tylenol is kind of my like second most used item in here. I prefer Advil, it just works better with my body typically, but every once in a while I'm with somebody that wants a Tylenol versus an Advil. So yeah. And obviously you can label these any way you want. This just is what I have on hand and I wasn't gonna like buy anything. So yeah. I was kind of thinking about, I mean you guys can do this too, but I was kind of thinking about like printing off the like label of it and putting it in here. I thought that would be like really cute, but then I thought about it and I just really wanna see how much is in there. So I know what to replenish. And if I was gonna do kind of like the method I was thinking of, I wouldn't be able to see like how many like Tums are left or how many Tylenols are left. So I kind of wanted to see into my package, but I don't know, I thought that would be like a cool idea. All right, so, and then after that I'm gonna start like my cold and flu stuff. So this is that Acilium, I think it's what it's called. One of my friends actually got me hooked on this stuff and it actually works pretty well, I think. So I'm gonna put it in there. Again, it's like a non-drowsy thing. It's a non-drowsy thing. Oh my gosh, I cannot talk today. And then we'll put in some cough drops. And these can be any cough drops, obviously. I just have some Ludin's ones on hand and figured I would just put those in there. I did have some other cough drops that in my last bout of the sickness I used up all the way. So I figured I would just use these and that's gonna work wonderful for this purpose. And it's gonna be nice to just have this stuff on the go in the car. But I'm gonna use mine for my car because as some of you know that it'd been following me for a little while, I don't have a job anymore. So I don't need it for anything else but that. And then this one has two different things. Oh no, it's not long enough. Um, boo. Here, we'll do this. We'll do just cold and cough because that's fine because I understand. How am I gonna do this? Because I don't like the negative space, you guys. I don't like it. Okay, I think I got it. Non-drowsy, cold and cough. I'm so sorry if you guys can't see that it's super overcast out today. This is probably not like the best idea to start filming this today but oh well, oh well. But I have the time so I wanna get this, wanna get this video up for you guys because I've had this idea to do it for such a long time and I just haven't been able to do it because of you know, time constraints. So now I'm just gonna fill up all of my little guys here. And I know I'm probably gonna get questions. I do not remember how much this little organizer was. I would say it's probably more than $3 but like less than 10. But I don't know, I don't know. And I don't know what I'll find on the internet after I load this video either. So sorry. All right, looks like there is enough room for both of these to go in. Oh my gosh, I'm like on the struggle bus today. All the Advil, wonderful. Pop my Tylenols in there. Oh, doesn't that look so satisfying? I'm satisfied about it. All right, and these are Tums and Acid. These are the smoothies.  I don't want to be protected anymore. I want to open. All right, there we go. Oh, there's more. Come here. When two of them are trying to come out at the same time. Very cool.  Just FYI. Also, satisfying. Here's my Osteelion, some, some, some. I know I'm saying that wrong, you guys. I just know it. All right, let's put a few cough drops in here.  But this is just like in a pinch kind of a situation. Come on. Come on. There we go. You gotta talk nice to it. Let it do what you want. All right, and then should I leave these in here? Or no. Let's see if they fit. Oh yeah, that fits. Okay, perfect. And then these are the non-drowsy ones, which I think can stay in here as well maybe. Yes. Yes. Oh, I'm so excited. So that was my quick and easy little project I wanted to share with you guys. Again, whatever I can find, I will link it down below just to go over one more time. I did Advil, Tylenol, Tums, Ossillianum, cough drops, Dayquil, and some non-drowsy like cold cough pressure stuff. So yeah, I am just so excited about this. And the nice thing is like I can try to open this up and it won't because there's that little lock on the side. So again, if I can find this specific container, I will link it for y'all. Maybe I should center this properly. Yeah, that looks better. So anyway, that is it for me. Thank you guys so much for watching. I really, really appreciate it. If you have any questions, feel free to post them down below. I'll get back to as many of you as I possibly can. Feel free to thumbs up the video if you liked it. If you have any video suggestions, feel free to put them down in the comments as well. Also make sure to subscribe if you haven't already. And I will see you guys in my next video. Bye guys.


Good afternoon, everyone. This is Melissa with thestockswishshow.com. I thought I'd review in here what we are looking at in terms of the market. I haven't done a market review in a while. We're looking here at the QQQs. And so here we have the daily chart of the Qs after today's trading. The market got up to the target 103, 103.25, 103.50 is the next target. And the market looks very, very strong. I know a lot of people in here feel that the market is extended. And I know a lot of people feel the market is going to come in. I know people think still the market is going to crash. I know people still are trying to short this market. And the reason they're really just trying to short this market is because of the fact that they didn't go long in. And every time the market continues to rally, people wish they were long, keep saying it's extended and want to short, but it's never setting up that way. I mean some traders got somewhat of a short in here in this move down, but it really wasn't that big actually. The bullish move is the big move. It's been the big move, as you can see in here. There hasn't been any big down moves at all.  The move has been the upside. And so, you know, it's really one of these things where I think you have to just look at what the price action is doing and make a determination from there. And this price action is bullish. There's nothing that is a strategy that says that something is atop or a bottom. I just reviewed this actually in the last two days in the trends class. So, shorting a top or buying a bottom is on a strategy to play or trade. It's not a reason to take a trade. What is a reason to take a trade? A strategy like a gap, like a golden gap, like the bullish gaps that have been setting up in the market. So, really, we're going to continue higher. I know people think we're going to fall and come in. I don't even see like a pull-in happening at all. You want me to be completely honest with you. So, you know, I think we're going to continue to hold. People are thinking we're going to come in. We're not. It's a very nice chart here to the upside. Once we get over, it's really like 108. Once we get over here, I think we're going to run up to here however long it takes or whatever. We could even get there before the end of the year. I think we get up here before the end of the year. I think we get to one time before the end of the year, actually. I don't know if the Qs are going to get over 120 before the end of the year. That would be tremendous if that happened. I wouldn't even put it past that happening. I would not even put it past that happening, actually. No, I'm seeing this chart here. But really, 108, once we get up over 108, we're going to have no problem getting up to 110 and to make a new high in the QQQs over 120. Once we get up over the resistance at 108, really definitely think 110 is possible for the end of the year. And 120 is not out of the woods for the end of the year too. I mean, we actually could completely 100% make a new high and get up over 120 before the end of this calendar year yet because this rally is happening so aggressively, so beautifully, setting up so well. Just really getting to every target so quickly. Really, really nice. And the first swing trade letter I did, actually, which I just came out with on November 1st, that was 13 days ago, was in the Qs. It was a good letter. It was a good letter. Qs went to the target. So I will continue to do swing trade letters. If anyone wants to sign up, you can email me about that. But the real thing that people learn from me is how to trade gaps and how to read gaps. It's really the reading of the gap that is so vital for people to understand, even for people to do overnight. The way that I read gaps tells me so much about what a chart is going to do. It allows me to predict what the price action is going to be in a stock or the market. That's the reason I'm saying the market's higher. I've been saying that all year I've been right. If I see something bearish in here to turn, I will certainly say so. But it is just not setting up that way. So the reason I'm able to do this to predict what something is going to do before it does it is because of the fact that I know how to read price action and what is happening in the chart in a gap. That gap holds such vital information. There's nothing on this chart that holds as much information as a gap. There is nothing more powerful in the event or life of a stock than a gap. It is the most powerful form of price action that a chart has. There's no moving averages, no indicators, no Fibonaut chains, no tops, no bottoms, no nothing. There is nothing more powerful than a gap in the life of a chart or a stock. It is the most misunderstood, mis-conceived, completely incorrectly formulated thing out there that people teaching correctly, that of anything that's ever even taught actually. Most what people are teaching about gaps is wrong, except for what I teach, which is the system I created and made out myself. Because I just traded and traded and analyzed so many charts for over three years and did nothing else. Now I've been doing this for six, but it was the three year period where I put together the 26 point rating system where I figured this stuff out. The market is higher. I know people are getting all excited to short in here. Market's not as short. Market's not as short. My call is that not only does the market hold strong in here and not pull in really anything significantly, the market will run. I'm seeing that the market is going to run up to some crazy, crazy number. I said in September the next four to six months, that is starting to play out right in here, starting to play out now. I'm seeing the possibility the market could get up to 108 or 110 before the end of this calendar year, which is fantastic. Would it be a fantastic move for this market to have made in this calendar year? Really, the market started out the year bearish whenever this yesterday too. Let me find it. Here's the first day of the year. Market was read in the first day of the year. Started out the year bearish. Started out the year approximately in the mid-80s, came on down, retested here around 83. For the market to make a 20-30 point move in one year like this is astounding. But it's not extended. I know we're up. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20 days in a row. I know that means people think we're going to pull in, we're going to crash, we're going to do this, we're extended, but it's just not, that's not anything to read. That's not anything to read. The gaps are what you have to read and that's what you have to know how to do and you have to know which ones are the good ones, which ones are bullish and which ones are bearish and which of the bullish ones are buys and which are not buys but maybe shorts and vice versa. It is so important to understand what gaps are good quality gaps to play into or lay off of and do nothing or maybe exit your overnight. A lot of people are interested in this swing letter and if you are you can sign up for it but the reality is you still have to learn how to trade gaps. If you are doing overnight and you don't understand how to rank gaps or what you're doing in the gaps it is just not a good idea to take overnight. Overnight positions can, a gap can hurt you in an overnight position if you don't understand how to rate gaps. My class is so good because it reads institutional positioning which helps you for day trading and longer term trading and actually has a higher profitability percentage win ratio for longer term than intraday. It's very high for intraday as high as anything I've ever seen as far as getting it right in the right direction on the day but longer term it's even better because of the fact it's reading what institutions are doing and institutions are not in stuff for a day or a second or a minute or an hour and gaps can have a lot of effect on a chart. They can make a trend or break a trend or continue a trend or change a trend. They're very complex. I have broken it down into a system that is easy to learn because I figured everything out and all the pieces to do it. Figuring it out was not easy but I figured it out over a long period of time and put it together in a way that makes it easy for people to comprehend but the market's higher. I mean, can I say? So I'm doing this video here tonight. I'm not going to be doing any more videos tomorrow. We'll see what the market does tomorrow. I'll look at it whenever I get a chance to look at it over the weekend again and maybe I'll try to do a video over the weekend. I have no idea what we're going to get tomorrow. No idea at all. I know the shorts are going to try to come in and I know that the bulls are going to hold it up and even if the market does pull in to even all the way down to 99 or 98 and I just don't see that setting up that way. But even if it would, we're still going to rally up. We're still going to rally up and continue to go up and continue to make new highs even this month and this before the end of the year. So that's my call here for the market. If anyone's interested in more information about the Golden Gap class, the next class is November 26 and 23rd, not this weekend but the following weekend. If you'd like more information, email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com if you really are sincere and seriously interested in your trading career and really want to learn how to read gaps. There is nothing like the system that I have designed. It is very, very advanced in reference to reading price action. It is the way to go because that's how I get the direction I'll read right so often. And I was talking about this in the room today and I said, you know what, I'm just never, never, never, never, never getting off of my top pick of what I have conviction in because I'm so often right. And this idea of having conviction helps you stay with the trade, helps you make money, helps you stay with what you're learning, what you're knowing and every day you learn something new. Every day I'm getting better, every day I'm picking up more pieces of the information that I need to bring into my trading, to trade for myself, to make more money, to find ways to make more profit in something, to see more things more clearly, more specific, including this market and the market is higher. And it reached the first-wing trade target today and it is continuing higher. So that's the scoop. If you're interested in more information you can email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com. Have a great day everybody.


So next, I would like to introduce Dr. Alex Langerman. He's an associate professor at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine with faculty positions in their Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society in the Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering. He's a fellowship trained head and neck surgeon. His research focuses on the intersection of ethics, management, and data science in the operating room. He's published on topics such as surgical ethics, video and data recording in the operating room, operating room efficiency, and the clinical care of head and neck cancer patients. In 2011, Dr. Langerman was nominated the first faculty scholar of the Bucksbaum Institute of Clinical Ethics, and he completed the McLean Center's Clinical Medical Ethics Fellowship, as well as a master's degree in clinical and administrative data science at the University of Chicago. He was previously a faculty member at U of C, where he also formed and ran the Operative Performance Research Institute, which was a multidisciplinary think tank and investigative unit focused on improving surgical care. He has been awarded the Distinguished Faculty Award for Program Innovation for this work, which implemented major operating room efficiency improvements and broke new ground on the use of video and data collection in surgical settings. Today, he's going to be talking about transparency and ethics in the operating room. Please join me in giving him a warm welcome. Well, privilege to be here. It's one of the highlights of the year. And I want to thank people who have supported me and funded me both in the past and currently. The cool thing about the McLean Conference, congratulations on the 30 years, is that with such an intense focus from the claims and the Bucksbaum Foundation on the doctor-patient relationship, this incredible diversity of topics that we're hearing at this conference, every single one ties that thread through. And that is not seen at other places. And I think that's really special. Mark, you're awesome. So I also actually want to mention Dr. Gordon's talk, which I thought was awesome and really interesting research. And one of the things that it shows is if you just scratch the surface of what patients might want to know about what goes on sort of behind the scenes, you not only discover amazingly sophisticated questions and probably way more information than you ever thought might even need to be shared, but you also see this diversity of patients. Patients who really want to sort of make these decisions on their own and think through every nuance. And patients who really just want to trust in the system and say, please take care of me, this is complicated. And so I think that reflects a bit on the talk today. So starting with a historical perspective, the operating room used to be a wide open place. Nothing was hidden from what happened there. And there were not only professional observers, the students who were learning or other colleagues, but the public or even family members. And to the point, sometimes, what I had to design furniture to keep the onlookers away from operating surgeon, because it was such an interesting spectacle. When medicine discovered that it's probably a good idea not to have a bunch of random people breathing on the patient who's being operated on, shutting down the ORs, they created glass table onO, which also means operating room in Spanish, was the original sort of transparent operating room where you could see through. And that's the Marquis de Busto who developed it in Spain. And this continued when we think of the operating theater. In fact, it was designed much like this room is, but with a glassed-in shell to allow the surgery to take a stage. And even family members would be welcome into the operating room. This is something that seems kind of crazy to us today, but there's the wife of that patient sitting there, observing her husband's thoracoscopy. People spent a lot of time trying to figure out how can we extract the information that happens here in the operating room, so that we can use it for training. We can use it to educate the public. We can use it to make surgery better. And the American College of Surgeons even displayed live surgery during their clinical converse every year, up until the 1960s. And then things stopped. We stopped seeing the operating room theater. We stopped seeing this sort of free flow of information out of the operating room. Why was that? Well, one, surgery became a little less interesting. It was routine, it was safer. And so you could not get as excited about many of the cases. In fact, a kind of manufacturing mentality came over surgery with time and motion studies and this idea of how can we fit as many operating rooms into a space, because this was a huge moneymaker for the hospital. And so those things combined to create this kind of sequestered environment in the operating room where nothing was really shown.  I think it's obvious to people in the room, but it was malpractice. Suddenly, this data became a liability. And so it was not something that people were necessarily medical practitioners 100% comfortable sharing from fears of being sued for something that might be seen and perhaps misunderstood. And so that's how we got this closed off operating room, authorized personal only. So it's very unusual to have anybody other than the staff that are supposed to be operating on that patient in a room. And it makes it very hard to gain information out of the operating room. And this means that things like teaching, errors, the logistics of the OR and efforts to be efficient, these things used to be out in the open and these are things that were reined hidden for a long time. And there are challenges to times when things get hidden. First of all, you have a perception disconnect, between the patient and what actually happens in the OR. And then secondly, there are truly no checks on what happens in the OR, which is its own problem. And it's one of the benefits of transparency because what you don't want is for people to discover something that was going on and everyone thought it was okay who was doing it, but the public wasn't comfortable with it. And this is a scandal that rocked the surgical profession in 2015. The Boston Globe released a spotlight report on overlapping and concurrent surgery. One surgeon has two rooms operating at the same time. I've done research on this. We're not gonna talk too much about it, but the point is that this is but one of the scandals that has rocked medicine and also all of our other professional institutions. This idea of sort of trust in institutions over the years to the point where the general American confidence in the institution is pretty low, on average about a 32% sort of confidence in any given institution. And we got in just above the presidency, so that's how I do. And I think another aspect of this is because it sort of wasn't just out there and always sort of understood that residents sort of doing portions of procedures is part of surgery. It's been a part of surgery since the very beginning. I think that there's, when you get the idea that it actually might be happening to you as a patient instead of saying, well yeah, because that's kind of how things happen here, it's rather, oh, I didn't know that. Well, I suppose I support that idea, but I'm not sure I want it happening on me. And study after study has shown that patients are not really aware of the role of residents in surgery, nor are they 100% comfortable with the idea of someone, quote, learning on them. So I did some research looking at overlapping surgery and interviewing patients, but out of this research, we had some other interesting insights that I want to share today. So basically what we did was we showed, here we go, we interviewed patients one-on-one, they had a research assistant, and then we developed some themes out of that and then later replicated the study in a larger survey. So this is data from both of those that's pretty consistent. And what you see is I showed them three scenarios. One is you're getting your thigh right out and we spent a lot of time explaining everything to the patients what the different surgery means, the other thing is if you're giving informed consent.  And then we asked them to rate that on a 100 point scale of how comfortable they were with that. Then we gave them two more scenarios. So one was a same scenario, but now instead of the attending being watching the resident, the attending was out of the room doing some paperwork, they could come right back. And then the third scenario was that actually the attending had left to go to another procedure and had assigned a cross covering surgeon to sort of be there should the resident need any help. And this is a really common sort of surgical scenario. And also, I think it's worth pointing out, we're talking about an incision closure, not even a really complicated part of a procedure. And we asked patients sort of to rate their comfort with these three scenarios over time. And what we found is that on a scale of zero to 100, there was a group of patients who were relatively comfortable with kind of all three scenarios, not much change. And then to get sort of dissatisfied and it was really unhappy with this idea. And what I think is useful for this, not so much as to pre-classify patients in any way, but this is a signal. This is that there's some dissatisfaction or some desire to have something different. And I think those are interesting people to study for that reason. And so what we found when we surveyed subgroup C in the larger survey, that they scored strongly on distrust of trainees and teaching questions. So these were questions that we pulled from different validated studies. And you can see that you better be cautious when dealing with teaching hospitals or I wouldn't want any trainee working on me. And so I think those are important people to study. And one of the things we found was that when we asked them about why they felt that way, they discussed themes of control and fear of the unknown. There's this person operating on me that I don't even know who that is or how do I know that they're well trained or I haven't met that person so I don't know. Or the other theme that really came out was this idea as well if the attending is there, nothing's gonna go wrong. They're gonna make sure that nothing goes wrong. And this idea that it was a proxy for good outcome that like the only way to get a good outcome is if you had the attending surgeon there. So this sort of begs this question. If we reopen sort of the doors of the operating room to everything that goes on, is it gonna harm training? What are patients gonna want if they have more knowledge of what happens? And can we reintroduce this then in a way that supports training and advocacy? And so one of the ways that you could do this is through video and audio. And I'm gonna talk about three ways. So for video, we did another step, general medical patients. What do you think about if we recorded everything in the O or like, would that bother you? Would you wanna give consent for it? And what do you think you'd see if you watched a video of your own surgery or a loved one surgery? And these knowledge and control themes came up again in a subset of patients. Like that the video is helpful because that way no one can keep a secret from me. It'll make sure the team does a good job because they know they're being watched. And we've actually done a lot of exposing of the operating room more and more. And this is through social media and other video technology where people are recognizing that's important. Now, that has a risk. You peel back the operating room and you're gonna have things about it that people might not be 100% comfortable with. Maybe things that we should change. And I think really important topic of discussion. But additionally, there's things like Jovial, you're having casual conversations about life because for surgeons, the operating room, although an incredibly important and sacred act is also a day at the office. And you work with friends and you wanna have chit-chat when things are relaxed. You wanna be able to sort of have a good time in the environment that you work in. And so there can be a challenge there. Also, you can get things like this. This is Dr. Wendell Boutte, a surgeon-ish who yeah, released some videos on social media of her dancing around over the patients as they're being operated on. Now, she claims it was all staged and it was planned. And with that came some other questions about her medical training, et cetera. So I think it became a complicated affair. But when they interviewed her and said, well, why did you do this? There's probably a few reasons. Well, one is marketing, of course. But the other is she talks about the idea of patients having a lot of anxiety around the OR. And when she showed them these videos of her dancing around, she said she felt a more fun place. It wasn't such an intimidating experience. Did I think she handled it right? No, absolutely not. But I think it's an interesting sort of eye into how some people think about the OR and how you can sort of screw up and probably put something out there that's inappropriate. So for one thing we think about, well, video can improve medical quality. Keep it within the profession. If we're constantly videoing everything and assessing our mistakes, we can see how we can make it better. And that's clear. But then you wonder, what are the other potential benefits to society? And one place we can look is in law enforcement. They've introduced body cameras across multiple precincts around the country, departments around the country. And one of the things they found, of course, is that it was really useful for assessing errors or mistakes or training. And that's, of course, the same thing that we saw in the operating room. Another thing that they saw was that, for bad actors, it had a chilling behavior. So departments that were always sort of doing well, they introduced those body cams and didn't really change much. But the departments that had a lot of complaints or problems that started to improve it. The other thing that they, and this is not something that's been formally measured in any way that I can find, but has been frequently reported, is there are anecdotal senses that it improves trust from the community. It's this idea that if there is monitoring, then perhaps the actions of the police officers are more likely to be in line with what they're supposed to do, which fits these themes of what patients perceive would be useful out of the OR. So I think for this first way of transparency, the critical need is determining how do you share these patients? What should we be sharing? Who has ownership rights over the footage and what doesn't intrude on the team or disrupt their activities, but also provides more transparency to patients? So that's an area of active research. So a second way that we can improve transparency is through the consent document. Valerie had an awesome talk yesterday about the informed consent tort reform and really what she highlighted was this sort of mishmash of a bloated document. You saw the old thing where you just signed I'm willing to have surgery versus this giant document that we have here. And actually there's some things kind of hidden in documents like this. This is just about one example of documents that we assessed across the country. And while you find that not only are there things that are sort of, people might really want to make sure that they understood like trainees participating or the doctor being outside of the operating room, but additionally there's certain information of hierarchy in current informed consent. So I might need something done that like I didn't agree to just now. So you might do something else to me. Like that's kind of a big statement. I think it's an important statement and worth lots of discussion, but it's a big statement. And I might have some of the stuff that's removed from me studied and a problem are used for teaching and research. It's kind of interesting. It's not even a checkbox since that. And those sit between, or they bookend before my operation procedure the spot on my body may be marked. Which to me seems like relatively speaking a less important piece of information than the other two. And so I think one of the challenges we have the informed consent document is just really opaque to patients. You think it's like, well, we'll put it out there. We have these disclosures. And patients don't read it. And they often are encountering it when it's an intimidating environment. And one of the patients who was looking at these documents as far as a part of an investigation in patients understanding said, I don't even have a spot. How are they gonna market? Which I thought was pretty funny. So, anyways, so critical need number two is generate a surgical informed consent document that supports this ideal process of decision-making and disclosure for patients. And so then third, and of course, the McLean conference, we get back to the surgeon-patient relationship. So I talked to a lot of surgeons about how they talk to patients, aspects of surgery about treating, about logistics. And I think surgeons have picked up this idea that patients wanna know that there's some control into the OR. And this theme emerged, we saw that earlier in both of the patient interviews that we did. And so it's like, are you doing the case? Well, part of my role is to train surgeons, but they don't do anything without me. Like, everything's under my control. And they also used a lot of analogy. So a lot of like, well, think about it. It's like you're flying a plane and there's two pilots and you're on the more experienced pilot. And there's all sorts of stories like that of ways of like two people driving a car, but ones giving directions and they have all these ways of sort of euphemizing the experience a bit, but also sort of making it seem relatable, which I think is really interesting. And then third, there was groups of surgeons who said, you know, you gotta be cautious about how much you talk to patients. So once you start explaining what goes on, you're gonna get a lot more questions. And I think Dr. Gordon's research shows that really nicely too, you know.  Now, the surgeons argued this would cause more anxiety than it would benefit anything. And, you know, this harkens back to some of the original discussions about informed consent. Should we even be talking about risks? The mere mention of the risks, something that we now consider absolutely central to a good informed consent, you talk about the risks, you're just gonna scare patients. And that's what surgeons were arguing in the 80s. You know, and so I think that we really gotta think about the validity of that, but also take that important voice into account. One of the nice quotes out of this president's study of informed consent in the 1980s was this idea that, you know, maybe euphemism seems like a good idea at the beginning, but unless you really explain what's going on, you run the risk of causing more anxiety down the road. And they also talk about the fact that what's said, the way things are said is also as important as what's said. So I think the critical need number three here is to find the language of transparency for surgeons. I think ultimately that's where our big solution is gonna be. We can throw tech at it. We can change the way the document looks, and I think those are gonna be really important interventions. But I think you also need to think about how can we best explain this to patients one-on-one. Patients very much rely on the trust that they feel with a physician as they work through their medical problems. And so how can we help enable that trust, but also be transparent about what really happens in the OR. Thank you very much. Morning, thanks. No, I completely agree. And I think you hit on the idea of making it absolutely clear to anybody who might be participating in that, that there is recording going on. And I think, you know, the other sort of question is, depending on the state that you're in is gonna be different flexibility with doing that recording for quality improvement anyways. In some cases it's gonna be completely available to any kind of legal action versus in other states it's very much protected. And so I think that affects how people adopt this. Concept, where residents do get together in their call room or in a work room or wherever and talk, you know, sometimes complain about patients or make joke about medical facts. I mean, I think the question was whether that's ever acceptable, whether it's acceptable if it happens in the backstage kind of component. So it sounds like what you're saying is you would potentially be taking the operating room from backstage back to front stage. So it might raise professionalism, but it might also create so much stress for the people who have to remain on stage all day that it would be worse. And I wonder what you think about if there's sort of a balance between the harms of the surgeons and the other OR staff having to be on stage all the time. I think that's one of the most important questions of this kind of idea of videoing the OR. And in fact, the primary group behind it is Taylor Granchorov out of the University of Toronto. And he's been a huge pioneer in this. And they're now beginning to disseminate and actually have out to other hospitals beyond the University of Toronto. And this gives us great opportunity of sort of assessing a pre and post state for staff. And James Jung, one of his post docs, is studying this idea of physician burnout and senses of negative effects of big brothers, so to speak. And there was a really interesting article that came out. I think it was reported by Harvard Business Review, but talking about TSA employees and the effect of constantly recording them on how they behaved at work. And so I think one of the most important questions is you don't wanna have a negative effect on the OR team. You don't wanna stress them out or you don't want people, as we've seen, performing for the camera. We've done some research on awake patients where you have an awake patient and the team knows that and asks surgeons how they change their behavior. And they obfuscated things. They sort of taught to the patient. They did other things that sort of changed the way they routinely do things in the operating room. And so I think we gotta be really careful about that potential effect. Yes, thank you. We have to cut off, all right. Are you done? Thank you so much, Dr. Langerman.


all right hey guys what's up it's currently like nine something am and it's my first time in my life like in my lifetime going camping so i'm gonna try and vlog as much as possible um and get as much footage because it's gonna be an adventure it's just car camping so it's not the big video but anyways this is the fit of the day we're just gonna put on my comfy shorts with my comfy shirt just got like a tank top under here in case wish me luck i mean i can't have them 21 enough to be camping that's uh it's an adventure to capture let's for sure okay we're just about to pick up some morning breakfast hi can i please get a sausage farmers rock extra chipotle two bacon farmers rock potato wedges please large double double an orange juice medium caramel iced coffee with almond milk please all right anything that's all all righty ill there's like shit there like someone threw up okay perfect all right you guys import this importance like a specific location like not all Tim Hortons but this Tim Hortons is like so speedy like it is so fast like you literally order and your food is ready like right when you get to the window like it's it's like a two second drive to the window and your food is ready hold on i'm just gonna park okay so we're going camping with Madison's friends because we're basically going because my parents wouldn't let Madison go alone so we're basically going to shop around them pretty much because there's a couple of them that wouldn't be able to go if we didn't go so the whole trip kind of relies on us i mean not really but for some people it does so we're not actually going with like our own friends but it should still be fun hey guys what's up so it's the next day from when you last saw me on the car in the car so we got to the campsite and this is our first and last day here because we're leaving tomorrow so we're just here for two nights and i just didn't really vlog yesterday at all because first of all well i got the montage of setting up one cent anyways i actually slept immaculately so that was my first time in my life ever sleeping in a tent that was pretty monumental this morning got some coffee from the little shop and we're going to enjoy just walking and go check out the lake um i'm not probably like the reason why i didn't vlog last night was because like it's all like Madison's friends so i don't want to like pull out my camera because like you know it's just like not the same as when i'm with my friends obviously but today i think we're gonna like basically try and do our own thing so i'm gonna try and get some real camping footage today um but yeah everything's kind of just like a shit show right now but it's actually like a pretty nice place it's like a tiny like camping resort and it's actually yeah it's really pretty we're just about to go check out the lake i think i already mentioned that but yeah give you guys a little bit of a resort tour so we're currently at the dock and this is like a private dock and it's like super small and it's like not supposed to be for us because it's supposed to be for the campsites that are like right here because we have a group campsite like further down but there's like a tiny beach with like docks but me and joe like wanted to like come on these little private docks so we're just like looking to see if there was like no one at the campsites we can just go and then like there's this guy he's like oh like you can use it look it's fine like go have fun it was like oh my god it was so nice so that was like the nicest thing so now we got our little own private dock and Madison and her friends are like all the bigger docks over there but we just wanted to have a little private excursion good morning guys so i'm back from camping and that's a long story i came back a day early because i got my period while camping and it was like the day before we left it was like around six seven i think and i got my period and i was like oh my god like my periods are so bad that i was like i can't have my period pain here like i need to go home like it's that bad where like i literally feel like i'm dying so i'm like i want to go home because i need my bathroom because it would really just like sit on the toilet when it happens and i did have new painkillers i thought but i didn't know if they worked anyways we packed up our stuff me and joe left camping on the way home i was getting really bad cramps the pain medication didn't really work that well at all and it was horrific but we're live we're weller now and i'm just gonna vlog today it's currently 8 30 and i have a covid test today and fitting today for like my background acting because next week monday to friday i'm working every single day on set thank god it's like not too far away it's like good 25 minute drive for both things so my covid test is at 9 30 so i need to leave in like half an hour ish and then my fittings at 11 literally not even somewhere anymore it's kind of sad oh my gosh wow this braid really crumbled my hair holy shit oh my god look at that i had soccer yesterday so my hair was like it got like a bit humid and like wet from the compensation i don't know whenever i have soccer like messes up my hair um when it's like cold outside it was a little it wasn't cold it was a little chilly so then i got home and i'm like it my hair looks gross i just put it in a braid and wow that actually curled it really really nicely hey guys it's hours later from when you last saw me it's currently six o'clock basically and i'm about to make some vegan Alfredo i don't feel good right now i don't mean like my mood i just mean like i feel weird like i feel like i need a burp like i feel like something is just inside me like i think i'm gonna get a carbonated drink because something needs to come out like i feel not gassy but i feel like i just need a burp which i guess is considered gas so gassy but yeah i'm gonna start to make dinner i'll see how good this vegan Alfredo recipe is i'm just gonna like gather all the ingredients and then start making it i don't want to bore you guys with my cooking so i'll just do a little bit of clips here and there i know you guys didn't sign up for cooking videos listening to music is just puts me in the best mood honestly if you're feeling down or if you just want to like have fun put on some music like just like blast it and just have the best time that was disgustingly satisfying well now i know what was stuck inside of me wow that like felt so relieving anyways i'm not i'm not actually good now okay so is this sad no it's Friday it is freaking Friday i was gonna say it's Saturday but it's definitely not Saturday anyways point being i'm feeling amazing right now sometimes i have these weird moments where i just kind of realize or just kind of realize like how lucky i am for the life that i live and for the people in my life and i don't want to cry like i was not trying to cry right now but i just get in these moods sometimes where i'm so so happy and just grateful for just everything it's the best thing i get so emotional i didn't know what me to cry like i was just i wasn't even planning on saying this but listen you know what i you literally turn on the camera and i just talked to you guys because i feel like you guys are all my friends talking to the camera like it feels like i'm talking to you right now like you know what i mean like it's like we're best friends so if you watch my videos i can consider you my best friend that's all i'm gonna turn on the camera like i'll plan to say something and then like i'll venture off into saying like some other thing because it's like i'm talking to someone like it's weird it's really weird like when i first started talking to the camera i was like robotic and i like froze and like it was weird but now it's like i can see you guys in the lens because isn't that weird that like i'm talking to like a camera but like you guys are like in there like you're watching this on your screens like isn't it weird that you guys are watching me on your screen from whatever in the world right now like you guys are watching my videos like in your own house why is that so weird oh my god i'm i'm in a deep thinking right now i mean i'm having a deep thinking episode right now this is so weird i love when i get into these types of moods about at the same time it's like it's weird but anyways i have this mess as you can see behind me and it's friday night and i'm being so lame and i'm cleaning that's weird anyways oh it's gonna be friday when you guys from this video is published so that's kind of funny too anyways i'm getting so sidetracked right now when i actually wanted to say why i actually turned on the camera i have this mess it's like from when i went camping i just kind of like dealt my bag out because i needed my defo bag for my soccer practice so i dumped all the clothing out and it's behind me round up shit everywhere and since it's like the weekend tomorrow i just want to like go in it with a fresh start or at least like just tidy up my clothing right now start to fold while i talk to you guys but i read this quote and i wanted to share it with you guys because this is what i wanted to talk about what's up okay stop waiting for friday for summer for someone to fall in love with you for life happiness is achieved when you stop waiting for it and make the most of the moment you are in now and i think i've like spoken about this before but i just i need to say more things and say it again it's like it's good and it's okay to look forward to things in life like if you have a vacation whatever it is it's like good and it's healthy it's fine to look forward to things but don't live for the things that you look forward to you know what i mean let's say i booked a vacation six months from now okay a leading up to those six months all i'm thinking about is that vacation i'm the days are passing me by and i'm not even noticing i'm just robotic like closed minded tunnel vision until i get on that vacation because my mindset is like okay gotta do this work before i go on vacation i'm gonna suck it up but it's like you're just wasting your life like even though you're looking forward to that vacation and it's getting you through your work that's an issue because that vacation is getting you through your work if that even makes any sense like you have just look for the happiness in each and every single day in each moment that you're in instead of yearning for it in the future looking forward to that thing that's happening in two weeks from now that's gonna get you through the week and i used to do this a lot where like obviously if i had a vacation and i'd be in school or whatever i'd be like it's okay i'm just gonna tough it out and i'm tunnel vision it all the way into that vacation when i look back at the time that i tunnel visioned it's like i barely remember that time in my life because i was so like just robotic like and not the days were just passing me by and that's why it's so important to live in the present because like you're never gonna get this moment back like this moment right now that's never gonna come back to me there's so much beauty in the present that like sometimes we don't even notice you're never gonna be actually happy until you're happy within the present and you don't have that thing to look forward to you like you're just happy the way you are you're happy with what you're doing and that's it i literally said that i was going to fold my shit okay i need to start folding and talking because i took a multitasking obviously anyways if we live all of our days just like purposely looking forward to something and that's like all we do it's kind of like putting a band-aid on the problem you know it's not really like fixing that internal need that internal whole it's putting a band-aid on the problem and i think that you need like more than that you need to search for happiness in your day-to-day life and change things if you're not already happy within your day-to-day life and i don't think that making something to look forward to however often it's gonna be the problem solver to your unhappiness or your boredom try and like reflect on your day and realize like what did i do today that made me happy like start finding happiness in every day in every moment because if we're always looking forward to something or focusing on the past like you're gonna miss out on your own life and like that's so true like you're literally gonna miss out on your own life if you're always looking forward to something else these normal regular days that we're living through are just as important like a monday is just as important as friday is just as important as saturday it's the same day just because it's a monday or friday or saturday like at the end of the day it's the same thing you wake up and you go to bed it's a day and that is it so just because like oh you have work on monday or whatever it is that doesn't mean that automatically your monday's or your tuesday's have to be shitty that's just like that mindset that you have ingrained in you because oh the work week starts monday so it's gonna be shitty um what if you have the mindset going into it like hey i'm starting a brand new week i'm alive another day like have that mindset going into your days that it's something to be happy about no matter what like every moment is special if you're visible in your job you want to do something else go do that like what is going to make you look forward to being in the present moment like what's going to make you happy in the present moment and think about that also try and like be in the present moment like stop thinking about past or the future or something else because the present moment is the only moment that exists if you think about it the future doesn't exist yet past doesn't exist anymore because it's over with and right now is the only moment that exists it's only moment that's real if we're not taking advantage of that if we're not living in the present moment then you're never gonna find that true happiness my challenge to you guys is just stop looking forward to things and start living your days out happily like it is an exciting day every day because it is like you're alive another day not everyone gets a chance to say that okay guys so i just got into bed and i'm gonna be reading this book and this is the summer i turn pretty series so i finished the first one and i'm on to the second book i'm like almost halfway through and the first book was like honestly pretty slow things started having more towards the end and this book it seems like it's gonna be really good but it's keeping me interested it's keeping me intrigued so it's good so far but i'll give you guys like an update when i'm done the whole series because i feel like i've got to finish everything first before i like get my final verdict but i'm just gonna sit down and read my book because we're on a book wave okay we're reading wave and i'm gonna have some brookside chocolates these are the pomegranate flavor these are so good if you guys have never had these i'm telling you you're missing out like you need to try these right now they're so good and they always hit the spot and of course i got my smart sweets as well because it's a friday night okay i'm gonna sit back i'm gonna read and eat during my friday night you know friday nights don't have to be wild they can be whatever you want it to be because sometimes i realize like i am such a homebody i'm such a homebody like the second i step out of the house not the second camp that's like over exciting but like after i step out of the house for too long i think to myself like i just want to be in my bed right now like i just want to be at home like i'm such a homebody i love being at home like sometimes when i go out like to a party or just out on a friday night or whenever it is like sometimes i like regret it and be like i wish i was home right now let me know if you guys are like a homebody or not a homebody a friday night spending it either watching netflix reading or doing watching youtube videos while eating that is like a for me but anyways i'm gonna end off the video here because i feel like i was just rambling on for the last part of the video but you know what i love talking to you guys and i just need to get stuff off my chest and i feel like you guys just are the perfect people to talk to because when i talk to a camera i can't talk back so i can just keep going and going you know what i mean anyways i'm gonna shut up now read my book relax enjoy my friday night and i'm gonna be vlogging tomorrow because i'm going downtown so i'm gonna start a new vlog tomorrow but yeah thank you guys so much for watching and thank you so much for all your amazing nice sweet comments like you guys are literally the best and yeah i'll see you guys in my next video don't forget to subscribe if you have it already bye bye got a little no


The second tool of this session is secure message authentication and can be used to create a key to attack. My name is Suresh, I'm from Sharanthia and I'm from Tabla Bari. Work is about secure message authentication. And the address model that we consider here is in a related key framework. So the outline of the talk will be a very quick background about what exactly we mean by related key attack here and what the model will follow for the security of message authentication codes. And then we show the sum attacks on the well-known max. And then we'll have some look at the previously known results and what are the related key functions that we're deriving functions that were considered in previous results. And then the main results and the constructions will follow. So in a related key framework the adversary is not only allowed to query the encryption of the function of course I mean a key function here. It will also be able to make a query with some modified key and this modification function that's defined by the adversary. That means it is allowed to change some key bits and then allowed to make a query to the encryption model itself. So apart from the, if the function is F then apart from making the normal queries we'll also have some part which is changing the key bits and actually getting the answer for the modified key also. And this class of functions is well known as related key deriving functions and it can include from very simple functions to complicated functions also like in case of AES related key attacks they've used quite complicated functions like round key, some GI function from the round key generation function. So if you look at some previous results there have been very extensive works on this related key attacks on Cypher's or Mac. This was introduced by PM and then followed by many attacks on block cypher's and even I think till then we are having many related key attacks on the recently proposed Cypher's. So the question here we try to address is not exactly that just to consider the security of a message authentication code. But say suppose you have a block cypher and you have a related key attack on that. So if I use this block cypher to construct a message authentication code what can you tell about the security of the message authentication code stream? You really need the related key security analysis which has been considered before and even in a theoretical treatment by Miller and Cash they have considered how they can construct a related key security function. But the question we try to address here isn't really required to have such a strong criteria when you are considering a Mac. So as it turns out that it's not really required to have such a strong criteria in fact we can live with all these cypher's which has related key attacks but as long as you cannot predict and the cypher cannot be forged in the sense that if you consider the cypher as a key function you can make related key queries but you cannot forge the cypher that means you cannot predict on a message with the army. So let's look at the security that we consider for message authentication codes here. So you query the work with some message with the unknown key and you can make any number of queries and at the end you come up with a forgery and the forgery that the message on which the forgery is given that should not be in the query list. So next what exactly we mean by the security of a message authentication code what exactly is our model here? So again the adversary is allowed to make a query with some related key function with some chosen message. Of course I have got a function pi as I said it will be chosen by the adversary. And after some key number of queries it gives some message mstar on which it gives some forgery. Now here we face two different things. This forgery mstar you can have either you can restrict the adversary that it cannot be like as in a MAC it may not be in the query list that means the adversary has never queried it with the unknown security or we can have a criteria that it has not been queried with the modified key. So depending on that we have two notions of related security of MAC here. So the second one we call as the weak notion of related security. So if you look at the archaic class in previously known ways I will say we had this very key driving classes were taken to be very strong. They were taken as clock free and they were able to make this class of functions as to be unpredictable and it may not be even constant functions. But as it turns out that in case of a message authentication codes the restriction is not so much. In fact if you have a constant function all the message authentication codes which are secured they are inherent to secure against the related key attack also. So that is if you have a MAC and if it is related key then it is actually related can't possible against a constant archaic class. And this proof is very simple. If you say consider an adversary which actually can give under constant function of arbitrary to the MAC then you can have an adversary which will actually want for some MAC itself when the function is just constant. So this turns out that in case of related security of MAC we do not really need such strong conditions of related key driving class. So we can exclude the constant functions. That means we can allow constant function queries to that version. So first let's have a look at what are the attacks that we can give on the existing MAC. On XCBC it's pretty simple to give an attack. So here at the last block you see there is an independent key XR going on. And if I make a query with a simple XR of the key say K1 XR of some date or some I then this XR with that query I can actually make this I shift to here and I can have a forging very forging. So it's really following this relation. So the adversary can make a query like this with a very simple related key driving function and it will come up with a forgery which looks like this. And by the definition it's a valid forgery because this message has never occurred in the query list of the password state. So and the class here chosen is pretty simple. It's just a short class. Just with one class of related key driving function it can be a forgery. So it turns out that XCBC is not related to Secure. As in terms of even in case of team MAC the last block is following the same kind of criteria that in the last block is doing some linear pre-watching with the key. Some linear not exactly X on but it can be transformed into a linear pre-watching of the key. And so you can have a similar kind of attack with a little modification of the same as. Then we look at these two MACs. So ECBC and FCBC. So in terms of the equivalent of any restrictions on the RKD class of course you can have constant functions but in ECBC and FCBC we actually have two keys instead of one key construction like CBC MAC. So if you allow them to transform in any way the first the K0 and K1 these two functions if I look at it component wise and if I allow it's a K0 if I can map to K1 if the adversary is allowed to do that then it can turn this entire MAC into CBC like construction and it's very easy to develop at that. So what is the next step? Since we have attacked against some MACs the next idea will be to look at how to make it secure or does there exist any secure MAC construction? So instead of trying to look at a new construction first we try to actually look at the existing constructions that whether we can whether they are secure against some RKD class from now. But in order to show that it's secured by a reduction technique we need some technical tools which I will describe in the following slide. So first one is we need an idea of this ICTP or a hash function. So it really turns out this stands for the identity collision and target pre-image resistance hash function. So what exactly is meant by identity collision identity collision resistant hash? In a relative framework again the adversary is making query with some relative periodic function and say after few queries it can have collision. So if you get some message mj which turns out to be the last query and it can be a collision on some message i which was squared with some relative periodic function previous. So you can give a message mj like this then the adversary remains this way. So that is how identity collision resistant hash was defined and similarly we define a target pre-image resistant hash function. In this game the adversary first defines, first declares a set of zi. So these are in the range of the hash function and of course a set file. And then it makes query as in before and then as a pointer here as a pre-image it gives a message m star so that the mapping under age exactly matches with one of these things. If it happens then this adversary works. So with this hash function what we can do is that if h is an ICT pure hash function and f is said with really really unfortunate that means even the adversary is not allowed to produce the forgery which it has queried with a relative periodic function also. So it's the second criteria that the adversary model of MAC. Then this function that means this f which is defined here with k1 and if I hash it with this thing then it turns out that this function is actually unfortunate in a relative key session against chosen message data. Now here what are these WIs? WIs are well known as key fingerprinting and there's a very well known idea which has been used in a relative key to show that something is related to ECT or even in the case of PRN. The idea is that if you consider this function if you take a set of values of w1 to wd then against this set of values you cannot find any collision with f under relative key under relative key queries that means f of k1 w1 will not be equal to f of 5k1 wI for any file but it will happen only for this set of values but one thing I would like to stress here that in the previous constructions they used a very strong criteria that it will not happen against any key instead of k1 if you consider some k prime then it will also not collide but here we restrict ourselves only to the modified keys according to this we restrict ourselves only against this under the modification under this five class of functions. So next, so how do these constructions is really a very very generic construction but it's very similar to one of the previous proposed constructions but what is the difference here in the previous proposed constructions as I said they assumed something very strong as a result they had to restrict the domain of this range of this hash function so that it does not have a collision it does not result into a collision in case of f when we try to launch a relative key attack so this was again the same by the same authors weller and guess they proposed because they were trying to prove it prf in a relative key model and they assumed something very strong but in our case we are trying to prove it in a different framework that means we do not need a prn assumption it turns out that even in much weaker conditions are sufficient to show that this function is very relatively secure so next what we do is that this is from the generic construction we try to go into detail and we try to prove that we try to prove in a reduction way that this function is in fact secure and this is done in two way first we show that how to construct this hash function that means this ICT query hash function so if you have some say relatively unfortable function which is a fixed length that means you can take it as any block cycle also which is for which you have some relative factor but it may not be a relative key may not be a relative key prn but it is enough to be relatively unfortable so the first step will be from our fixed input length ICT query hash compression function or say hash we try to construct a variable input length hash function and the next step we show how to construct this fixed input length ICT prn from the minimal assumption that is you have an RK unfortable function which is a fixed input length so what we have to do is we find a mode of operation so the mode of operation looks something like this suppose you have say L blocks of messages then you each of the message block length has to be at minus 1 you are tended to be the previous to be the 0 make it of length L and then go through with this MD mode of construction and at the end we put the length and also this thing to this really comes handy when we try to prove that this is actually secure in our model so if each of these H prn if they are actually ICT prn then under this mode of operation this entire function is also ICT prn hash function and here also the proof is not very complicated because if you assume there is some collision then there has to be a collision either here or IV and by reduction you can actually show if you have an adversary for this entire thing then you can actually have an adversary for each prn which will break either it will produce a target payment or it will come up with some identity condition under related data so next week we try to go to the next step that means we now actually have a domain extension that means from fixing input length we can produce variable input length and how to have this fixing so for that we take the we start with the minimal thing that means now you have this function which may not be RK prn but RK are foldable and with this very simple operation if we exert under two different keys then it turns out that this thing is actually fixed input length ICT prn hash function and of course here the assumption is that we have to have this identity fingerprint which was in the generic construction before now if you look at the the MAC constructions which are already been proposed which have been proposed in different different works previously in terms of we already have a compression function like this which is N cycle CVC so what N cycle CVC does is that it actually exhausts two different block cycles and of course then it changes in a MD box but here you can in the inside of CVC mode these are really messages but in our case we have to instead of making it of the same block length as the decipher we just make it N minus 1 and we just prepare it with a 0 and everything is as as previous slide that our mode of functions so the messages are exactly like that so because of the previous theorem it turns out that this modified structure of N cycle CVC is actually secure under layer E mode so next we try to look at if you this is a construction which was proposed in a previous one by Bellar and Cash where they assume something very strong it is actually this hash used by them was actually collision resistant instead of our hash of them and it turns out that it actually preserves this hash function actually with the function F it actually preserves the related structure or related unfortability structure of the of the underlying function that means again if you start with the related unfortability function you will get a related unfortability map and we also give to construction depending on so this is just to show that this construction also won't but again this hash has really very weird looking range because you cannot allow all the values to be in the range of this hash function because of the construction so to summarize that what we do is that we first define this what exactly is meant by the related unfortability we actually prove that there exists related unfortability under a reduction technique of course that if you can come up with an approach which breaks the related unfortability of the underlying function you are using it will also not be secure so this is kind of a contradiction related to unfortability unfortability function you can construct a related unfortability map and for that we use this model of operations and one important thing is that the condition of the related class is not very very strict here in fact it works for any related class in our case I mean you can prove it unfortability


You know, for a successful relationship, you really need to spend a healthy amount of time away from each other. Do lots of things together, of course, but also do things separately. You have to give yourself enough time to miss each other. So go out with your friends, your colleagues, even sometimes in your own if you have to. And the key thing is to do really fun and interesting stuff so that when you come back together again, you have lots of exciting stories to share with each other because this is what adds the spice and the variety to your relationship. Clinging together all the time is not romantic, it's just suffocating. Add value to each other's lives, not boredom.


Is there's no way this dude retires, right?   I think still be able to play, still be able to walk, still be able to have, you know, cognitive brain function when you're done playing. Those are important. And I've really been trying this year to just stay in the present as much as possible.  When I respect that, I appreciate that. But for me, I can't have two feet in the past, you know, living in the nostalgia of what we've accomplished and amazing memories. We're two feet in the future thinking about, you know, the decisions that are looming moving forward. I've just really tried to remain in the present and that's allowed me to just enjoy the little things. I said it last year, how special that was to me. And a lot of that is just the mindset, this perspective, you know, what you focus on and where your focus is, your energy flows.