Right down here is where I planted a whole bunch of pepper seeds a little while ago. I even made a video about it. And as you can see, there's basically nothing going on. Ah, crabs. It appears crabs are eating all the pepper plants. As soon as they pop up, the crabs are like snip. I don't know if they're eating them or what, but the crabs are getting them.  And inside there is a pepper plant that has survived longer than any of the others. So I'll go show you in a second. I just went inside and got these. I have like two dozen of these things because, you know, as I often do, someone was getting rid of a bunch of surplus stuff for almost nothing, and so I went and took it all. And ended up with a whole bunch of these.  And I'm thinking these can do that job there. And I have recently eaten some pepper, so I have some pepper seeds and a few watermelon seeds. Maybe I'll put a watermelon or two down there. Anyway, let's turn off the camera and go down. Yeah, I've also got some weeds and pulling them out. Anyway, I don't even want to move that thing because it's working. So in there, there's a pepper plant and it's growing. So by luck I've got a, what is this papaya tree? Which is amazing because right over here I have a pretty good size papaya tree, but it has no mate so it's probably not going to make papayas unless I can get at least one other one growing. So I've got one growing right here and I've been planting seeds all over the place. The weird thing with papayas though, they never grow where I purposely plant them. And I've had other people say this too, yeah, like they never grow where you purposely plant them, but you like eat some and throw some seeds somewhere and bloop, that's where they come out. Anyway, okay, let's take some of these, we're just going to put them in places. So I'm going to plant a few seeds right here and start with just a few pepper seeds. Yeah, just like three or four, just in case they don't all work. People are always telling me online, you plant your things too close together, you plant your seeds too close together, look, out of all those seeds I planted here only one has come up and survived. So yeah, I plant seeds as if they're not all going to make it. Alright, let me do some more of these. Well, two of these are watermelon and the rest are peppers. I guess I'll just wait to think about gardening. It's like you do something and then you gotta wait like a month or three months to see if anything worked. Alright, and since I've been away doing stuff for other people the last couple weeks, I mean not away ways, just every day the last few weeks, I've been helping other people with their problems. My lawn has gotten out of control.  I'm not even sure if they're growing. Wait, what is a really good potato thing called? No. Well that too, but not that. I just mowed the lawn up the hill here, you know, machete mowed and while I was doing it, I cut this plant right here, which is yam pi, which is okay, yeah cut it up here, which is okay because it's been here for long enough that I should be able to dig up hopefully some potato-y things from here. Maybe there's a small chance I can just pull them up down, I have to dig it. Hoping for some good food, yam pi are so delicious. Alright, they don't know where, sure exactly where I should be. Be something, be something, not nothing. These things weren't supposed to grow very deep. I'm trying to get under them so I don't kill any roots. That's it! Well, there's my little potato-y things. They get a lot bigger than this. However, I got something. Ooh, it looks like I cut a couple off, they grew deeper. I went a little there. Still not that big, but worth eating. This spot here has like the best looking soil around. It's because there was a fire pit here at one point. I don't know how good the soil is, but it grew a few little yam peas. Wow! Yeah, that's not impressive. I do have some more growing up on the top of the hill. Hopefully those ones will do better. They'll definitely get more sun. I don't know, I just plant things all over the island to see where they grow best. So over there is not a great spot for these.  I could dig up some of my yucca here. I think I'm going to give it a few more months. I'm just going to finish mowing the lawn down here. Oh, here's a nice mess. Ooh, speaking of plants, this guy's got bananas on him right there. Beauty. I should actually transplant some of these little banana trees. Like this guy right here. So once you have too many in a clump, they don't make as many bananas. So if you spread them out, you get more bananas. Plus I have lots of space to put bananas. And I like bananas. Well, that's a little bit better. Sweet potatoes. They were growing right down. So you're not down there. Yeah, right down there. Didn't even know they were there.  I followed this big long vine. And there you go. Excellent. I have to weed everything out of there except those sweet potatoes. And they weren't even growing that well. Like this part was growing above ground. I think I might have to cut that part off. I think you're not supposed to eat that. I don't know. I'll look it up. But yeah, there's a good sweet potato spot right down there. I need to rip everything out except the sweet potatoes and let them take over. All right. Well, that's a little more under control. I'll go back in a couple of days and trim it up a little more. Although, all this ground down here is eventually going to get buried anyway. I need to get the ground up to the level of these things and that. Because I think this is going to be underwater in a few years. Right now it's pretty high tide. Look at that.


Welcome to the mountains ladies and gentlemen. All right. I'm in my car. It's freezing out I'm running up a 14,000 foot mountain of 14 or here in Colorado today And I'm gonna take the Solomon speed cross fives up the first mountain and then yes I'm gonna do a double run today a double run and I'm gonna take the Solomon s lab Sense 6s g for the second run and then back at the studio I will compare the two talk to you about the differences how you can each use each shoe in 2019 let's rock and roll welcome to the studio. Well, welcome to the studio Okay, a fan of the vlog asked me to compare these two shoes and I went back and forth about it because Basically, these are two shoes that are really in different Categories as far as the Solomon lineup the speed cross five is not a racer The Solomon s lab sense 6s g is definitely a racer. Now. Can you use the speed cross five in a race? Absolutely. In fact when I do the America's uphill race in about a month I'm actually gonna use the speed cross five. Why?  This is a race that goes straight up a ski hill So bigger the lugs the better although it's tempting to put on this guy because of the weight is Incredible much much lighter than the speed cross five So therefore this video and again if you have other ideas of shoes for me to compare Please let me know down on the comments. All right. Let's start first with all right Let's start with a sense 6 here and another person asked today. I think on Instagram What does the sg stand for and yes, that is the keyword for this video sg down in the comments Sg simply stands for soft ground soft ground Which means the lugs are just a little bit deeper on the Solomon s lab sense 6s G that's what the sg stands for and by the way, this is being recorded February 1st 2019 and the sense 7 is Available is available and guess what they lot it lost a little weight It lost a little weight about a half an ounce from last year this this shoe from this iteration of the 6 to the 7 Lost about a half an ounce and I don't own the 7 yet Solomon if you're watching if you're watching I'll take a 7 I'll take a 7 so you know So the sense 6 is a 8 ounce shoe So 225 grams and it's got a 20 millimeter stack height in the heel and a 16 millimeter in the 4-foot which means it's a 4 millimeter drop. I like that drop a lot It's not too high. Definitely not too high and not a 1 millimeter drop And then the lug height although these lugs are a little worn down from last year's summer Excursions is a 6 millimeter lug height and for the speed cross 5 much different shoe 10 millimeter drop So 30 millimeter stack height in the heel really high 20 millimeter in the 4 foot 11 ounces so about 320 grams a lot heavier than the sense 6 and so how do these shoes Work together because guess what they're just different shoes and they're they're designed for different purposes This and if you're okay, so if you're if you live by Mount like if you live in the Appalachia area This is your shoe like if you're in or maybe you're in upstate New York or maybe you're in New Hampshire or you know the mountains of Georgia I like I know Colorado. We have great mountains here great for running But there's mountains in a lot of places in this country the upper the Pacific Northwest So anyway, I don't want to feel I don't want to exclude everybody now if you live in Florida Actually, you know what I've been to Tallahassee Tallahassee is hilly So maybe this shoe could work in Tallahassee, but I don't want to exclude too many people by always talking about these big mountain lug running shoes But they're there they are designed for a specific Purpose and so this is your trainer. This is your trainer the speed cross 5 This shoe gets you ready for this shoe. This is the racer I am betting a lot of money and listen I'm open to other options, but I will be racing the pike's peak ascent in August I am betting big money that the s-labs sense 7 will be my racing shoe for that race in August I'll be shocked if I find another shoe that would do better in those conditions over that distance Now I will say for the s-labs sense 6 or 7. I would not race more than basically A half marathon on the trails I might take it up to like a 25 miler depending on the conditions of the trail But it's it doesn't have a ton of cushion You know what it feels like everybody for shout out to all the high schoolers out there It kind of feels like a cross-country spike. It's heavier than a cross-country spike You could if you lived in a really a Location in the world that has a lot of mud and you're doing cross-country races and mud This actually could be an option. It's a little heavy. It's not that it wouldn't be the lightest shoe But um, anyway, it could be an option for you if you're looking for a cross-country spike That might have just a little more support because some of those cross-country spikes are like there's nothing to them Um, so anyway, it does feel like a cross-country spike today in those conditions in the snow You saw me bombing down the mountain in both shoes this guy crushed it this guy not so much So you got to think about that if it's a really muddy course like I'm hearing some pretty crazy stories from the hurt 100 Which is a 100 mile race in Hawaii and it's notorious for being a very muddy course I would I would lean toward the speed cross five for that shoe again. This is your trainer This is your racer. All right, and yes the question of the day for this video the second video publishing today Have you dialed in your racing shoe or shoes for? 2019 meaning do you know in your mind like okay? I'm gonna be racing 5k's on the roads This is gonna be my racing shoe for 2019 or if you're getting ready for track and you're in high school or college Do you know the spike that you're gonna be racing in for the spring? 2019 track season or Maybe you're getting ready for the New York City Marathon in in the fall Anyway, I I'm just curious to hear what what you're thinking as far as racing racing shoes in 2019 that would be awesome for me. Yes, the Solomon s lab since 7sg will be my shoe most likely for The pike's peek-a-sat. All right. Thanks for being here. Thanks for watching another video about Solomon I know we're doing a lot of Solomon right now, but Listen, I appreciate the build quality the style of the the log action for the mountains Especially and listen, I know ultra has good shoes. Hoka has good trail shoes. Frankly everybody Brooks I'm really interested in the Brooks caldera and The new balance. I think the new balance has a shoe called is it called the king of the mountain? Am I am I dreaming here? Anyway, I'm interested in other mountain running shoes for sure, but Solomon's kind of doing it for me right now. It's kind of doing it for me right now All right, and maybe it's because of the the terrain that I'm focusing on I'm not sure and I'm I'm pointing this way just so you know all the time because that's the direction of the mountains from my Seek beauty work hard and love each other. Hmm. Go get those mountains now.


It's mostly the fact that with green growth you need to integrate social economic and environmental factors or drivers of change and development. So in my work and studies as well, I was always fascinated by how these different factors interact. I studied system dynamics after I've done economics. So I found economics to be a bit restrictive to be only focusing on monetary flows. And system dynamics was really a methodology to understand how different parts of a system interact with each other. Green growth is exactly the field in which you have to look at everything at once. So you need to do a simultaneous analysis of what happens, what changes and why and what are the impacts across the board. So that's why I have lots of interest in the field. Practically speaking, looking at how sustainable development analysis has been done over the years, there was an emphasis on economic performance, GDP, let's say. But that was disconnected from what happens with population or what happens with the environment. So practically speaking, in a very simple way, with the work that I do, I'm looking at the impact of the economy on the environment as well as on society and impact on the environment as a feedback onto the economy and population. So I'm considering, for instance, the fact that if population grows, there will be more capital investment as well as labor that support economic growth. On the other hand, economic growth requires resources. When resources are depleted, prices increases.  And this is an impact on the economy. Sometimes positive, sometimes negative. Then you have all the so-called externalities. So the consumption of natural resources or the reduction of forest has a negative impact on ecosystem services, which when they replace, they cost money. This is an impact on the economy as well as on livelihoods. So this is reality in a way, simplified but not as much simplified as what economists would normally do and look at. I would see two main items to discuss here. The first one is climate change. With the formal approval of climate change as being driven by human activity, say one instance was the endorsement by the Bush administration in the United States. That actually led economists to find other ways of analyzing and interpreting the economic performance. So the neoclassical economic theory or approach that looked at capital, labor and technology, productivity as being the three factors of production GDP growth sort of collapsed when climate change and the concept of feedback really became mainstream. So that led to the investigation of new approaches, some of which were of course known for a long time, but were not mainstream. Then the other factor is that we don't have to necessarily move away from GDP. We can find ways to better estimate GDP by taking into account that energy prices, water availability, climate change impacts, among many other things, affect productivity. While economists for a long time assumed that productivity was pretty much one number, one rate of improvement of technology that could not be changed. In fact, productivity is being changed and modified and affected by a variety of factors all the time. In fact, we see that the attempts to come up with something really new, and GDP have failed in a way that there is no general agreement on what that is or should be or that should be measured, which from my point of view it's a good thing because GDP is a universal measure to see how the economy performs for every single country. That's the beauty of GDP. It's simple to look at, analyze and so on. It's good for doing benchmarking, but when it comes to analyzing the development of a country, thinking sustainable development, not economic development, every country is unique. So it's very difficult to find one indicator or one set of indicators that works for everyone. So personally I'm actually glad that the green GDP discussion did not really play out as planned, but that we are moving towards a series of goals and targets, potentially at the country level, that can be customized. Now the SDG discussions, the Sustainable Development Goals, are still moving in that direction, going to one framework that every country can use. When I do work with countries and I work on green economy in more than 20 countries, the first thing they tell me is, well, we are different from our neighbors and we have a different social context. We have culture and we have natural resources that are quite different from what other countries have. So the approach that has been taken there within the context of green economy is to give them the methodology and the approach for them to be able to select and use green economy indicators that match their specific needs. Three main groups of indicators. Normally, and this is work that I've done with UNEP in designing the approach and developing a manual for them, but they're also aligned across several agencies. So the first one is indicators for issue identification. These we have used for a long time. There are the headline indicators by the UACD. There are the stock taking indicators from GGGI. They're all fairly similar. So depending on the trends, deforestation, for instance, is one of the indicators of a problem or the lack reduction of ecosystem services. So water availability in rivers, the amount of water in streams, the potential for fisheries, local fisheries to grow. These are indicators of a problem. Within the green economy discussion, these indicators do not have to be about the environment necessarily. They can be economic indicators or social indicators. It is very important to understand, though, whether the environment is driving this problem, these social economic problems, or whether it is being affected by these problems. So here we have a broad set of issue identification type of indicators. The second group is indicators for policy formulation. And the third one is for policy assessment. At the policy formulation level, we don't have a lot of information because these are new indicators. So in a way, we want to begin tracking right now the indicators that identify the policies that we want to implement. Fossil fuel subsidies is a good example. We know they are being implemented. Many countries use them. But somehow it's very difficult to understand these policies because they are not being accounted for from the very beginning, but they're being spread across a number of different budgetary items in the budget of the government that makes it very cumbersome to identify them. So we are looking at options where we may want to track ecosystem services and the payment for ecosystem services, or incentive for energy efficiency and renewable energy, these type of things. So that when we implement a policy, we don't blame the policy if it doesn't work, but we're able to target that we managed to raise the right amount of money because the provision we implement may be the perfect one, but it wasn't just successful because it didn't raise enough money. And this goes in a way in the direction of informing decision-making because often, especially when there is a transition with the government, if GDP or some of these outcome indicators are not good enough, the next government will change the policy completely, even if in practice it was a good policy. It's just that we couldn't get the results quite yet. Then the third group, as I said, is policy assessment. This is where we apply really the green economy approach, where we assess the impact of a policy for social, for economic, and environmental indicators. So in this case, we certainly want to track indicators for problem identification because a policy has to solve the problem, otherwise it's ineffective. Then we want to see whether we managed to raise enough money, implement investment as an enabling condition, and finally we want to see whether the society at large is profiting from that. So we'll have impact on employment, we have access to resources, for instance. We'll have all these impacts that in a way help improving quality of life and what being. So practically speaking, we are comparing investments, the avoided costs that have been driven by the implementation of the policy, and the added benefits, all across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Every policy has impacts across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. If we take sustainable forest management, for instance, or ecological agriculture, as they work together with agroforestry, for instance, we'll see that in the case of central Calimantan, for work we have done with UNEP, UNDP, and WWF, the trends, so indicators for the issue of identification, are that deforestation is increasing. Not only because of the practices that have been used, but also because with deforestation there is an increase of sedimentation, so sediments accumulating in rivers, which makes so that barges to transport coal and other products cannot be used full-time, not every day around the year. So roads are being created by mining companies. This requires an investment, an extra cost. So the issue is identified by the fact that the profitability of these companies is declining, that rivers cannot be used, not only for businesses, but also for personnel used by villagers in general. And there are some avoided costs that would be achieved if we changed the course of things, like for instance the cost of creating the road, which could be avoided if we were to use the forest in a more sustainable way, which would allow us to use the rivers again. Positive impacts may be more employment specifically because normally sustainable agriculture practices, agroforestry and so on, require more labor-intensive practices, but at the same time, potentially they could lead to markup, so higher prices for sustainable products if they can reach a market, which would lead to higher profitability. So we have potential problems that have to do with the profitability of companies, which if they go bad then will lose also jobs for the local population. We have a policy that could be the amount of incentive or the payment for ecosystem services that is being paid or transferred, maybe from downstream to an upstream community, for instance, and then we have positive impacts that can be measured for social, for economic and environmental impacts. None of them is a critical challenge from my point of view, because we have examples of success. The first one I think is knowledge. Knowledge of a green economy is one. I've worked with over 20 countries on green economy and every time we need to use a different definition, which is good and a bad thing. It is bad because there are always misunderstandings and misconceptions about what the green economy is. It is good because when we go through the process, it forces stakeholders to think about what the green economy is to them. So it improves the understanding of the benefits that can come out of using a green economy approach. So knowledge is the first barrier. The second one is the tools that are being used. We can think about national governments, what happens here in Jakarta and what happens in Central Kalimantan. Of course, the type of models that have been used in Jakarta are a lot more sophisticated than what has been used in Central Kalimantan. There are commonalities, though, that most of the planning that has been done is economic planning. It's not related to land use. It's about environmental performance, management of stocks and flows of natural resources. So these tools, like policies normally done in a silo, there is a ministry doing economic policy, another one doing agricultural policy and energy policy and so on, the models and tools that are being used are also sectoral. So that is a challenge. So the tools that we have been using for years, not only here but most governments, do not support communication and exchange of information with sectoral policy, meaning that often we end up with an optimal sectoral policy because the models tell us that this is what we should do to get the results that we want. But it just turns out, in most of the cases, that the optimal sectoral policy is not that good when we take a systemic view. So knowledge of the green economy and how it works, what it means is one problem. The second problem is the tools we use in understanding what the green economy is and what benefits we have. Then of course there is the political will that's another potential issue with all considerations about governance, about complexity of managing a system that has found a way to self-regulate itself over the years. There are a few. I move away from Indonesia only. But when I work here, when I work in Africa, normally green economy is trees. It's green, so green economy means forestry. Governments tend to forget or not consider that the green economy has two main axes when it comes to sectors. We have those that rely on natural resources, like forestry for instance, and water and agriculture and so on, but we also have other sectors like industry, manufacturing, energy and so on and so forth that rely on technology meaning that they want to improve the way resources have been managed to support productivity. When I work in Latin America, often green economy is being seen as a way to influence governments not to produce the natural resources. So the mining sector becomes very relevant there, which of course is important here as well, but it's a different approach. So in that case, it's been seen as the UN or the UACD or other international organizations to influence the season making at the country level. In other cases instead, it's being seen as a holistic approach that has nothing to do with practical implementation. So the green economy is this high level discussion about sustainability. It's not that different from sustainable development and hence it's somewhat useless. So it really changes. It really changes depending on the context. What I see that helps is large events like Rio, Rio plus 20 the conference, it's about every government that was serious about green economy prepared the report. Even if the materials were not very sophisticated, it led them to think about what the green economy means at the country level and help just that process understanding better what the opportunities are. Very common, yes. There are multiple reasons for that. There are several ones. One is institutions. Governments are set up quite a while across the board but they're not really used to working together all the time. Another one is the professional language that experts will speak. And this is because an economist uses different terminology that an expert on social issues would use or an expert on natural resources would use. So it's very difficult for them to communicate. One example is the government of Malaysia when they developed their last 10-year plan, experts in the main sectors that they wanted to analyze to Kuala Lumpur and to Putrajaya where the government is located for a week to have meetings and define the best possible roadmap for the country. All these experts were sitting in different rooms and never talked to each other. So at the end of the process they had excellent sectoral plans but when they started reviewing them all at once they didn't really make a lot of sense. So this is a very common issue for systemic approaches. We need system models, as I said at the very beginning that consider the interactions of different parts of the system. We have examples for instance the International Energy Agency has been working on energy only estimating the cost of climate in a way rather than considering investment and that is mostly because they project energy demand with a fixed GDP growth rate 3.5% a year and they estimate that the cost of reducing climate change, so lowering emissions to 400-450 parts per million is about 1% of GDP. This is repeated 40 times in their annual outlook the World Energy Outlook. In only a few instances they mentioned that reducing energy to that extent allows households or the private sector to save about $800 billion a year in energy costs and it ends there. So my question really is and with the models I developed is what happens with these $800 billion? How are they going to be reinvested? How can they support the economy? So it turns out that potentially it becomes more challenging to solve the climate issue because the more we save the more we spend and what we spend has an impact on energy consumption, on natural resource use and so on and so forth. But unless we take a systemic approach we will not be able to understand that there are these feedbacks that represents a one-to-one relationship. So if anything, if you're ready because we know that something might happen we reduce the risks, we improve the environment for investments so there will be more certainty about the impacts and the benefits. So taking a systemic approach is really important. I think just to conclude that there are many opportunities. There are similarities with the work that was done on sustainable development. This is not in competition with sustainable development it's a way to operationalize that the green economy is a vehicle for reaching sustainable development and all the expertise that we can get is needed to truly take a systemic approach which means really integrating knowledge we're not doing anything new. We're integrating knowledge to make sure that we can make the best of it rather than reinventing the wheel another time. So it is very important that we come together and work at different levels could be government, private sector and so on because some of the green economy investments may not make sense from an economic point of view only the private sector goes for that or only the public sector decides to go for it but if we combine both words in a way, we'll see that we can share the cost and we can also then share the benefits in the minimum and longer term.


now i know giants they weren't poised to have some great amazing season or anything like that and i know a lot of giants fans shout out to the hub they cover the giants on youtube but i know a lot of giants fans that were looking at this season as more of a okay let's see what our young guys have let's see what daniel jones can do with a full body of work this season and let's just really see how our young pieces complement each other so nobody expected them to be this all pro team and just a bunch of pro bowlers and blah blah blah but at the same time when you lose somebody of significance like a seiquan barkley is tough it's still tough like this guy was not only the giants best player but he was one of the the best running backs in the nfl for what he was able to do behind the giants offensive line the way that he's established himself as just he's got the speed he's got the strength he's got the smarts he's that do it all type of running back and now just early in the second game of the season early into second game of the season boom done because they just confirmed it just a little while ago that seiquan barkley has a torn a cl and his season is done it's done and see the one of the worst parts about that is that of course it sucks for anybody that it happened to yesterday was just I don't know what was going on yesterday but just people everybody was dropping and that was to be expected especially that the way that this offseason has been because people haven't been able to get that proper conditioning that proper training and have that proper offseason regimen like they used to have but because it was nick bolster is seiquan barkley and the ravens lost taevon young the 49ers lost uh jimmy garoppolo too um so it and it's and there's plenty more too but people were just dropping like flies yesterday it was wild man tyron taylor he's out for who knows how long that's gonna be but it it was just crazy but with seiquan barkley with the giants what makes it even worse for them is that you can't replace him you can't replace him you can get feelings you can sign a running back you could trade for even though I don't think they're gonna be trading for anybody but you can you can get another running back you can sign somebody off the street elevate somebody if they have somebody on a practice squad you can do all these different things but nine times out of ten you're not going to replace uh seiquan barkley because of who he is because of what he does because of how he does it and not saying that that no other any other running back can't do what he does but to find a seiquan barkley right here right now it's just nine times out of ten it's not gonna happen and I know hopefully you hope for that one time out of ten where it actually does happen where it's like oh man wow you get somebody an opportunity and they shine they take it and run with it well literally in this case so we'll see how to what the giants do to replace him but it is very uh it's very unfortunate for him man it's very very unfortunate for him because yeah man it's tough and with the giants it's just like like I said I know the outlook wasn't like super positive for the giants this season but it just it just hurts them even more it hurts them bad and now it makes a season that didn't really have too much hope now makes it look even worse because you just lost him so it's really unfortunate man and again this is the absolute worst part about football it's the worst part about football is the injuries man so anyway team keep it clean appreciate y'all giants fans sorry about that news man because again it has been confirmed it's official now yesterday it was thought to be an ACL but it wasn't official yet but now they checked did the MRI and everything examined it so Saquon Barclay is indeed out for the year so hopefully he can have that that Adrian Peterson bounce back because I believe Adrian Peterson was it was he tears ACL or was it that he tore tears Achilles I forget which one it was but he was able to come back and still do some really great things so hopefully it's the same way with Saquon Barclay and hopefully they aren't any setbacks anything when he does come back and he can pick up right where he left off man anyway team keep it clean appreciate y'all we out


Okay, let's cut to the chase. We all know what this video is very recently on the channel I released my cut of the three idiots versus Omega Shenron a modern Xenoverse 2 parallel quest that easily became the hardest one We've ever done now in that video I say if we hit 40,000 likes all release the lost cut episode the episode where I got so angry and then at the very end I lost the footage because my cat turned my computer off now I was actually planning on that video never getting 40,000 likes and never releasing this video But I got really sick and I can't record any new videos right now And so because of that and how many people expressed interest in seeing it Here is the rage cut video that was never supposed to make it to YouTube. Hopefully you enjoyed it. I'm gonna That was actually real. That's a real cough.  I hope you enjoy Bye. Why does Dino Dino stance to charge up?  I just want to show them a new dance I just want to show my new dance man.  Oh, what about me?  I thought Hayes bro rage is a different beast That's what we try to tell you.  No, I there we go. There we go. Once you get a good combo going That's all you really need right there exactly right in his stomach, bro Right in his stomach stomach sternum. This guy's like 70 percent. Oh, I hate that look this guy's 70 percent stomach All right, here we go 70s presents don't make us crazy. I just like how leave I said leave I gave us a new bill to fix the mistakes And somehow it feels harder now That would have killed us before help me fully charge I Got enough key for you to set me up for anything God Critical upper critical upper big bang burst big burst big bang.  I'll be disaster. Never mind.  I said in the next area. Oh my god. We knocked him out of the park I'm watching. I'm watching your combo, bro.  I love the meteor combination best move in all the Dragon Ball and now it's much or down already We have to dance party dance party The enemy bro, this late is in its hardest form as it is not my beam through combo bitch Yeah, I'm sorry. I forgot your girl. I'm harlot Harlot I didn't want to be doing it again.  There you go. Stop it's are we getting to Omega? Good night. All right, as we know this is where the mission actually gets difficult I can't hold on longer I'm gonna be smart about this in this fight. I was killed me. Oh brother bear, man. Leave me There you go, you know what and I bet when I fight him.  I appreciate that I'll hold the back That was yeah, man again, I'm good Oh, we still have peas and carrots in the in the chamber, I still have mine as well I totally forgot about that with it. Oh Punch.  He burned Yeah, I know I do you do you good luck partner. I'm surrounding. I'm him. I'm him. I'm him. I'm him You almost made it. No way you really so it was one frame away, man Yo, can we talk about your haircut, bro? Who's your barber, man? Hey, brother?   I appreciate I think you saved my life with that bomb. Are you eternally grateful? Punch me really hard. I'll take on I'll take on ice you guys take on We will get to Omega we will You know what dotto it's time for the rhyme dotto combo watch I got a Bro you go get the odd I'm gonna meet your comment. I'm getting tired of your combination like it's nobody business Yeah, never mind Oh, we're we're dead. We are so dead. We are so we're not know we're not a popping a region Oh embarrassed in his face region capital of space the greatest beat down of all time I put you in the train now, buddy.  Help me. Help me. Help me. Help me I Know he was mad Now now now go go go go go go. Yeah, look at him goofy. Oh my god. He's just burning.    He got Robin it's I thought that was it for you Why did I lose bees did I die What You know, I got you I can finish up ice here Not another I'm cooking Nova right now. So you're good. Just focus on ice.  I'm going to use it as well Now this is a desperate time to use.  I'm so dead. It's fine I still got peas and carrots. I can read you too, bro I can rise in the poppin.  Why are you looking the wrong way? Yeah, I refuse to lose. I Buddy I'm dead. I have a Z capsule. I have one. Why are you I took damage doing that? Hello.  You had you had me.   There you go.  It's really annoying You got it of me. What's why why is rage and run the strongest one of these guys before the duo?  That was nerf by the way At least this phase is nice and easy brother. This is a nice break.    Did you call that one? That's how I actually did I Lost all my health cuz y'all would have squabbling over there All right, I heard it that time.  Hold on. That's very oh she has as well Oh I'm gonna just get my stamina back. I believe in my friends to finish this loser off while I recruit my stamina Look at the fight. Wow. Look at the fight cinematic style editor. Look at him dancing up there White cracker school like that and not through one single key blast to embarrass there God He's a punk bro, this guy cannot stand up to us. Look at me. Look at you. He's up.  Oh, you're lucky. You didn't lock already frame one already Have a fight again. I'll give up. I really showed him what for? Not a chance.  I'm just gonna get up No, no, no, no, no, no, no, I disagree but I I Respect I can respect your disagree. No, no, that was the right move.  I'll use the regen No, I've got peas and carrots and just use my two I'm burning spin might be jover. Oh God ice is Bro, how can we not beat this again? We are gonna beat this. What are you talking about? And you kind of got full health Now don't say that I appreciate that. I'm gonna make him dance. I can make a dance dance. Just take care of my okay I'm gonna make a body even in my full-power form all that.   He's never done that to me before. Okay, big ball No, no, no, no, sure sure sure sure make a stamp it out. Oh, all right. Yeah, all right, dad. Oh, literally I got a stamina. I got a stamina. I got a stamina do something. I don't have anything All right, that's fine. We don't we didn't need anything. See here. We go. I've agreed if you could hit it If you could hit it if you could stop this combo. Are you dying? No, I would I would have to go Nova Over here, bro, he he won the explosion by the way Yep, yep, yep, yep, yep, yeah burning burning. Did I tell I have a sense who shall I use it? He knows gonna get them to dance then you heal. Yeah, as long as you confident. That's right No, no, I got my god. They're both locked in they're both locked. I might as well. Go beat I keep walking them in then get all the key you need get everything and then come break the stamina I've been there. They get kind of jiggin over there I'm gonna get close, but I'm afraid to mess this up. This is a D. I think yeah, you know what? I see you messing up earlier. Oh, I got him. I got ice. Okay.  I got us. We had a lot of resources left I kind of gave up on us a little bit of mentally. I'm not gonna lie That's why I'm very conservative with my items With another with another dance what that you weren't even aiming at me liar They're both locked on to me by the way. Do you know if you want to get them up? I'm already up I'm already up. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Just kill the skill. No, I just killed Nova.  He's dead when I get some key as well. Yeah, you have a luxury of doing that, too Nah, he's done. He's not big.  Oh Went to my attack.  Oh god. You got a good super guard that or something It's not a dodgeable move. All right.  It's all it bruh, I swear I swear to god, bro I maybe I just am I just an evil town bro. I'm just gonna do that Bro, I watch the off-bite rage general. I swear to God and this is definitely by I watch the off-bite rage general It's just all day, bro. They're just having a good time. I thought one punch explosion Then this guy was dancing in the line of fire race and what he does not try this Oh Yo, we are not You really show them what for Every shadow dragon man, I just have beef with every shadow dragon.  How much key do you have? Can I drive? Yeah, you have all the time to roll bro Oh, that is a scary thing to imagine you're being forced to dance with the other guy Yeah, keep doing yeah, I think I got time to charge up this Rod be swimming if I was here.  Can you give me one day? One day where we beat Nova Chenron. He's fine. He's doing stuff and one more one more Oh, it's been burning spin. I can't and you know, we just got to watch our friend get cooked right now Yeah, literally, I didn't even have the stamina for that broke a saute. He's in carrots. Thank you very much Oh god, yeah, I'll hold them place. You know what I love me. Now watch this watch this attack. What's the attack? What are going to breathe? Punch and one more. Yeah. Oh dad. Do you know we kind of come over that I'm saying damn ice already showing up Good run and his burning spin got interrupted by ice damn. He's doing it again though I just hit him. I just hit him. I also got caught. I'm just gonna send to you. I'm a sense. I'm a sense You know enough. He's a kid. He's a kid. Let me be thinking. I don't have peas and carrots I hate him.  Absolutely. Absolutely. Absolutely.   I'm not dead, but I should be Dino, can you get me up? In the way we all tied on base one this time, we're losing it We're losing it.  Oh, I already used it.  I'm just mad. I'm looking at his health and he's gonna disappear at any moment Best rate of all time this might be the best rate of all He's trying to kill me Is that you moved him?  What does that even mean? What? Bro, he's techie. He's like a techie player, bro. It's funny. This is the one where it starts bad, but we we somehow just cook There you go. Look at look at the combo. I'm in a broken beautiful beautiful combo. Let me finish him Please dear god, let me do this. Please. Fuck. I'll you make him dance.  Just do it.  He's like no help. I ain't no way I gotta let Dotto. I'm getting super explosive I'm gonna enjoy this. There you go There you go. Oh my god. I'm literally in tears. Yeah, I'll make Nova dance.  I'm sorry, Dotto. It's over for you Why does he always have keys? Nevermind? We're good. We're good. We're good. No You see! You see! I know it wasn't crazy! I know it wasn't crazy!  Bitch! Mouse bee!  I wonder if we've actually kind of broken a little bit. Well, yeah, because he can't use his evasive wall while he's in it. It's kind of just like a cheap bar of health. Alright, let's do it again. I'm gonna make a dance. No point. Ice. It's fine, but I can still keep it in place.  Alright, I need to focus on ice. Dotto! Oh, no. Please tell me, didn't have what I think happened. Please tell me! Bro.  Ain't no way, we just lost an hour of recording. No, we didn't, we did it, we did it. He's not here anymore! What I'm saying is there's just no way, that's all I'm saying. Can you give me up? It's impossible.  I'm right below you. There you are. Damn. Hey pal. At least we're holding hands. I'm a goofy goober, yeah.  In case you're watching at home, Dotto's were... I don't know if you're ever gonna see this, but if you are watching at home, Dotto's recording completely blew up. We don't know what happened. He left Discord and he's probably extremely angry right now, but we hope you enjoyed it and he'd probably ask you to subscribe. Goodbye. How did your whole mic stand fall? Dotto, are you gonna be surprised?  I just don't understand what happened between his mic stand being nicely set up to it falling. Like, he had to have done something.  It was never nicely put up like that.


Russell Fork Pharmacy is your locally owned pharmacy, offering fast, friendly service with competitive prices and free delivery. Call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit RussellForkPharmacy.com and download our free mobile app for refill requests and more. Mountain bike enthusiasts now have a convenient service offered in Pressensburg. Sugar Camp mountain bike trails provide a free shuttle service to help riders on certain days through the end of October. Yeah, so we are really excited about this, so of course our Sugar Camp mountain trails are some of the best mountain biking you can do in the entire state and throughout the Appalachian region. So they are over, there is over 20 miles of hand dug trails from the state park to Sugar Camp mountain. And so the entire team that's been working on the trails, they just keep trying to think of ways of how can we make this better and even better experience especially for tourists visiting in. So last Saturday was the very first time they started Shuttle Service Saturday, a little bit of a mouthful. But they are actually offering a shuttle service from the campgrounds at Jenny Wiley State Resort Park to the trailhead at Sugar Camp mountain trails. And then for the big part from the bottom of the mountain backup because that's definitely the toughest part for bikers that are visiting. I believe increments typically go in two hour increments as the average time it takes to get down the mountain and back on to the campground. But it will be offered every Saturday in October excluding October 12th. So if you are a visitor staying at the campground it is a great opportunity and also if you are in the public and that's your toughest part is getting your bike to and from the trail. You are able to utilize that as well. So it is entirely volunteers that keep the Sugar Camp mountain trails continuing to develop, updated, the keep up of it. And so I know a $5 donation goes a long way so any donation is absolutely appreciated. Our mountain biking trails have been an amazing addition in Prestonsburg and all of eastern Kentucky. We've seen so many visitors from Asheville, Ohio, Virginia and all throughout Kentucky even because it's just a great way to get outdoors locally. We've seen a huge increase in our outdoor adventure and participation as well because it is, it's a great workout. And for me I'm not quite on the mountain biking side of it yet but it's one of the most beautiful hikes you can take anywhere in the Appalachian Mountains. So if you're not a mountain biker it's an absolutely great place just to get out and hike and enjoy the trails as well.  It's not for the beginner level so know that. But grab a friend, come on out and what we love about Shuttle Saturday is that you're able to have guides with you. So you have people that are giving you advice and suggestions and taking you along the trail as well. So you really have that expert view with you to take care of you also. Come on out for it, experience it on Shuttle Saturday. If you're not able to come out on a Saturday definitely reach out to the Sugar Camp team that's on Facebook or online. You can learn more at Prestonsburgky.org or Sugar Camp Mountain trails on Facebook.


Thousands of gallons of water flood Dry Dock number six, bringing USS Curtis Wilbur off the keel blocks and out of the Dry Dock. It's really a tremendous step for the ship to be back floating. We've been on blocks and in the Dry Dock for the last four and a half months. It's been a huge opportunity to get needed maintenance done for Curtis Wilbur. Flooding the Dry Dock and moving the ship to the pier brings Curtis Wilbur one step closer to being fully operational. Although the ship only moves a matter of feet to the pier, there's a major morale boost for the crew. This is a great milestone for every single one of our crew members and every single one of our 300 on the crew has worked tirelessly and in a spot where we have watched other people doing what we wish that we were doing. As maintenance continues to prepare the ship for deployment, the crew can't wait to be out to sea again. Ready Officer Chris Henry, Yuko's Gendable Base, Japan.


The paper presents Beersorder, a tool designed to detect viral signal in different types of microbial sequence data, including single-cell amplified genomes, SAGs, and genomic fragments assembled for metagenomic sequencing. Beersorder uses probabilistic models and extensive virome data to maximize detection of novel viruses. Performance testing shows that Beersorder outperforms existing tools for fragmented genomic and metagenomic data sets, and can identify viral signal in assembled sequence as short as 3KB. The tool is made available through the I-Plant Cyber Infrastructure and provides a web-based user interface interconnected with the required computing resources. Beersorder complements existing profage prediction softwares and should enable the discovery of new viruses in microbial data sets, furthering our understanding of uncultivated viral communities across diverse ecosystems. This article was authored by Simon Roux, François Inault, Bonnie L. Hurwitz, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Why use minibatch gradient descent in transformers? It's for faster training. When training a neural network with gradient descent, we pass a single input, generate an output for prediction, compare the prediction and the label, and then quantify this as a loss. This loss is then back-propagated to update the parameters of the network. And so for every training example passed into the network, the parameters are updated. This is fine for small networks since the updates are pretty quick, but for networks like the transformer with millions of parameters, the updates are slow. So instead of updating the weights after every example, we will update the weights after seeing a batch of examples. And hence, minibatch gradient descent is of common practice. If you want to build a transformer, check the playlist on the channel.


assignment questions or see similar questions that will help us answer some of those questions. I hope we will finish by after it will depend as well. We can finish by six or by half past five it will depend on the output key the questions are. Again also you need to have your tables ready because we're dealing with study unit 8 and 9 which is confidence interval and hypothesis testing so with confidence interval you need to know that you need to go find the critical value either on the z table or on the t table right the same with hypothesis testing you will need to know all the six steps of hypothesis testing but not only that you just need to know the basic properties of confidence interval as well as of hypothesis testing so let's look at the questions. A random sample of hundred results in a sum in a sample mean of hundred the population standard deviation is known to be 25 so if they tell you that the calculation standard deviation is known always remember that we're using set those are the things that you need to always mind yourself. What is the value of the standard error which then it means we need to find the population standard deviation divided by the square root of n so what did they give us our n is hundred the standard deviation is 25 so it just substitutes 25 divided by this square root of hundred. 2.5 which is option b. 2.5 like I said there will be those ones where I don't have all the full information there's nothing I can do about that one. This we can answer so question 3 asks the department of basic education earlier findings from the survey with your 90 learners which is n of 90 and average time travel or average travel time which means that is your mean from home to be at one of the school of interest assume that the population standard deviation of the learners population standard deviation so it means they have given you sigma so it is and it is known so we need to be using set construct a 95% confidence interval by now you should know what 95% confidence interval mean in terms of the critical value. What is your critical value if I don't get a response then it means I I'm going to assume that you don't know your critical values and these are the things that you need to have a summary of because we have been speaking about them even during the sessions to say the critical value are very important you need to know what the critical value for 95% is 99% is 90% is and so on so if you don't know how to find the critical value number 95% confidence interval is one minus alpha and your alpha will be one minus zero comma nine five which is zero comma zero five to find the critical value it's a set of alpha divided by two which is set of zero comma zero five divided by two which is set of zero comma zero two five you go to the table and the negative side you go look for inside this table you look for zero comma two five zero and then you go out to look for the critical values which are your z values which will be equals to one comma nine six that is your critical value so your z critical value is one comma nine six and then you need to remember the formula that you need to have already summarized some way you mean plus or minus your critical value of z over alpha times the standard error which is the population standard deviation and you can go and calculate substitute the values we have to use population parameters we use sample parameters so your mean is one one four plus or minus your z critical value of one comma nine six times your standard deviation of 72 divided by the square root of n of 19 and you can go and calculate one one four plus or minus which i can just a 1.96 i can calculate the standard the margin of error and the margin of error will be in case in the exam they ask you to calculate the margin of error you need to know what the margin of error is the margin of error will be 14.8753 14.875354 i think the correct answer will be c and then you just need to go and calculate the minus and the plus so on the minus sign we will have one one four negative i got 99.13 and positive i got 128.880 option c because there is nothing there i consider a t distribution with n with the nine degrees of freedom which one of the following statement is correct and now if you have your degrees of freedom and they give you your your alpha value the squish answers because now i'm giving you all the answers if i get the answers there which one of the following statement is incorrect now um these are things t value t value um is not associated with the critical values but it is probably it is the critical value that's what they are asking you so let's go find the critical value for your alpha value of 0 comma 1 okay that's correct and of 0 comma 0 5 it's also correct okay so on the oh sorry my bad let's go to the table you need to go to there you call this t table so you'll go to the t table and you're going to look for your degrees of freedom and your alpha field right and then choose whichever is correct and c d and e you need to go find or calculate your and find out which one is correct in terms of in terms of the confidence intervals but we need to be very careful when it comes to these questions as well not sure if there was other information given if not then because these are the things that i'm not sure what they're trying to get to with the between whether is this the critical value they say it lies between those two or they would have calculated the um the critical values for that but anyway so t of alpha and the degrees of freedom and this they say in the on the upper tail all right so if you think of it this is the negative side and this is the positive side on the positive side it is on the upper let's not use this let's call this the upper and the lower right let's explain you in this manner so if you went and found your critical value on the upper tail it should be a positive value if you find it on the lower tail it should be a negative value so yet the answer here is the t value associated with the lower tail of zero comma one three is one comma three eight three so go to the t table it is true it is on the one comma three but in terms of the critical values on the lower side it will be one minus one comma three eight three in the upper it will be one comma three eight three that's what this is so similar for a zero comma zero five you go keep on going to the left because i still remember my tables on the left which is one comma three three it will be one comma three is a three or eight eight three three eight three three on this on the lower side it would have been negative on the upper side it will be positive one comma eight three three so that will be correct and this will be incorrect because it's positive that's the two different in terms of the two questions for a 95 confidence interval you will need to go find your z over t alpha divided by two which will be a zero comma zero two five and the degrees of freedom of nine so let's go to zero comma zero two five and it is two comma two six two two it will be negative two comma two six two two and on this side it will be positive two comma two six two two so it is between the two values that is correct for a 98 percent it will be a 98 percent alpha divided by two which is zero comma two divided by two zero comma zero two divided by two is zero comma one right zero comma zero one so we go to zero comma zero one zero comma zero one and it is two comma eight two it will be negative two comma eight two and positive two comma eight two two comma eight there we go and for a 99 it will be t alpha of zero comma zero two divided zero comma zero one divided by two what is zero comma zero one divided by two it will be zero comma zero zero five all right three two zeros after comma so therefore go to zero comma zero zero five and your critical value will be on the lower side it will be negative three comma two four nine and on the positive it will be three comma two nine let's see three comma two five so which is four nine which is two five which means this is correct the only correct incorrect answer would be the one with the negative so we need to you need to always think about it in this way if they ask you for the lower side lower side is on the negative side upper side it's on the positive side so the incorrect answer here is number one moving on to the next question consider the following application exercise from a the previous assignment most school from school reported the decline of absence following from education department learner transport program and nutrition program in a sample of hundred and fifty schools so we have our end from june probably district municipality hundred and fourteen school reportage a decline that is our x in the number of learners absent construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the population proportion so some of these things are key words to let you know what you are calculating so we need to calculate our p which is x over n and from there we need to calculate p plus or minus z alpha divided by two remember for the proportion we always use z and multiply that with p one minus p divided by n with the standard error so calculate p what is p what did you get are you still there 0.96 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 then substitute into the formula 0.76 plus or minus we need to go find the critical value of 90 do you know what the critical value of 90 is this one is one of those special ones if you don't know now i don't know which one of the critical values is special for a 0.10 divided by two will give us the z value of 0 comma 0 5 which falls between two values remember that when we go to the z value 0 comma it falls between those two values because there are five point difference between them and the critical value will be a special one which will be one comma six four five remember that that is the only special critical value so which is one comma six four five for a 90 percent confidence interval one comma six four five because for the others the other one is two comma three three and the other one is two comma five eight but you need to know which one will be and 95 percent is always one comma nine six times zero comma seven six times one minus zero comma seven six divide right in the lower limit 0.703 zero comma seven zero three and in the upper limit 0.817 0.82 0.8 we can keep three decimals okay 0.817 0.817 let's see because the answers here are in three decimals don't get distracted look at the options if they are in three decimals keep your last answers as three decimals if they are two decimals keep them as three decimals so the answer here will be option b are we good or are we happy this we will do with the other assignment question because they didn't give all the all the information that you would need like how do we calculate the rest of the other statements i'm going to use the other question to do that or the other assignment questions okay suppose the calculated test statistic is a one-sided test this is very important we are in the hypothesis testing and that test statistic is given by minus 2.66 so they don't and they say in the lower tail so in the lower tail it will be on the less than side if they say in the upper tail remember upper tail will be on the upper side it's in the greater than so if they say in the lower tail it's a less than so it means in the hypothesis testing and the the thing was less than right suppose that the population standard deviation is no so it means we're using z what will be the p value that is the probability of z less than minus 2.66 that's in a in a way that we have understand the probability we can ask the question p value is your probability value so go find the probability on the table on the z table so we go to the negative side table and we look for minus 2.6 on the left and 6 at the top 0.66 so 2.6 on the left and 6 at the top where they both meet they meet at 0.0039 and the answer is 0.0039 which is option 3 that's as straight forward as that if it was in the upper tail area what would have done would have subtracted this value from 1 right in the upper tail in the upper tail we would have said 1 minus 0.0039 always remember that so there's everything that you've learned in the basic in the normal distribution you still need to carry it when you answer questions in the hypothesis as well this one i'm gonna skip we'll use the other assignment for it okay so coming to the next question various literacy group recommended they're reading oh okay already have given you the answers and they didn't even look at the answers but it's fine they recommended the reading speed of 169 watts per minute for grade nine and a grade five is great five teachers convinced that the average reading speed for his class is more than which then helps us with the alternative recommended speed the sample size is 36 for grade five learners and the average reading speed is 175 and the standard deviation is 22 and we need to also take into consideration the information given so because they say here the sample of 36 grade five learners and the average is 175 with the standard deviation of 32 therefore it means everything is from the sample so we are given the mean or the mean of a sample it's x bar and we are given the standard deviation of a sample which is x therefore it means your population standard deviation is unknown and therefore it means anything that we're going to be doing we'll be using the t table because this is a t distribution question you are required to test the teacher's hypothesis testing at five percent level of significance so they give you your alpha value that you need to test that the average reading speed is more than the recommended speed and choose the correct statement below so our alternative states that the average reading speed is more than right that's what they say and we know that in terms of the population the speed was 176 so therefore our null hypothesis will read that the mean is equals to 167 because your null hypothesis always has an equal sign with a limit of which sign we use as long as it's an equal sign and it should be fine looking at the question and the statement most of this they are asking you to make a decision so therefore it means there are a couple of things that you would have done before you can answer this question so let's because this is the last statement it's your conclusion the first statement is state your null hypothesis and alternative the second is to identify the things that we are given I've already identified most of them I'm not going to worry about that the second one is to find the critical value or the third one is to find the critical value so let's go find the critical value so because the sign here it's greater than therefore it's a one-tail test so our critical value t of alpha and the degrees of freedom and our degrees of freedom is n minus one so we have t of zero comma zero five and n minus one where is our n our n is thirty six so it's thirty six minus one is thirty five so this is thirty six minus one which is thirty five so we need to go to the t table look under the degrees of freedom of thirty five and zero comma zero five at the top so let's go t table we're looking for thirty five we're looking for zero comma zero five and thirty five so it means we are on this color and one five eight nine six it's one point six eight nine six that is our critical value we will use that in making a decision because we know that our it's in the upper tail area so we can automatically create our original rejection which is one comma six eight nine six so we're going to use that in our rejection statement now the fourth statement is to find out which one are we using we're doing a t test so we're going to have to calculate our t distribution so which is the sample mean minus the population mean divided by your sample standard deviation divided by the square root of n which is our standard error so our sample mean is hundred and seventy five minus our population mean is always stated in the question in the hypothesis statement divided by the standard deviation was 22 divided by the square root of n which is 36 so due to calculation what do you get what is your t um 173.73 your t it cannot be 100 because if 175 minus 167 should be eight so you're telling me that 22 divided by the square root of 36 I got negative 3.226 no it cannot be negative 75 is bigger than 176 2.1 sorry Lizzy um is that uh it's 175 minus 187 or it's minus 167 oh minus 167 it's 167 my handwriting is that bad yeah it's ugly that's why we use computers so the answer is two point one eight one five one yeah oh mine it's it's it's it's two point one five one I also got two point one eight one eight one eight one eight one eight one eight one eight two yes yes so please check this is 22 divided by the square root of 36 so the answer should be two point one eight one eight okay oh gosh I must read out the values loud then so where does two point one eight fall on this distribution it falls under the rejection area because anything that falls in the shaded area we're going to reject the null hypothesis right so let's we're going to eliminate any statement that doesn't have reject on it so because two point one eight falls in the rejection area so we know that not enough information won't be the statement do not reject do not reject so we are left with two statements okay so um so we are left with two statements so the first one says we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the grade five reading speed is more than 167 number two it says we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average reading speed is not significantly different from 167 which one a or b do you all agree with a the statement is a so you just need to make sure that if you you know all the six steps of hypothesis testing in the exam you can get questions like this or they can ask you questions where every option is one of the each hypothesis statement so you just need to know how to do the hypothesis testing okay so let's look at another question so this one we will use the assignment as well don't worry if I skip it most of the school nutrition uh decides uh reported the decline in the number of absences from the education transport lena transport and nutrition program in a sample of 200 school so your n is 200 from unsignature district 72 percent reported a decline which is our p uh in the number of lenas absent the district manager is adamant that the population proportion which is our high uh of school that reported the decline in the number of absences is different from 78 percent formulate a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis so our null hypothesis if I can help you because it says different your null hypothesis will state that the mean is or the proportion is zero comma seven eight your alternative will say that the proportion is not different from zero comma seven eight that's your null hypothesis and alternative and then it says at five percent level of significance which is alpha which one of the following statement is incorrect so yeah all the steps of the hypothesis so we already stated the null hypothesis and alternative step number two state whatever you are given I've already stated that your p 72 your alpha is five percent we um yeah because it's proportion what type of a test that we're doing we're doing a search test so we need to calculate the proportion because the next one oh sorry the critical value or we don't have to calculate the critical value because we are going to use the p value as well but you can calculate the critical value uh the null hypothesis is rejected we can conclude that and the alternative hypothesis will state that so we can look at those statements separately or we can do the hypothesis so let's do the test let's calculate the test statistic so our test statistic because after calculating the test statistic we'll need the p value so the test statistic will be p minus the population proportion divided by your population proportion one minus population proportion divided by n so substitute the values our sample proportion is zero comma seven five or seven two let me rewrite that so that people don't blame my handwriting zero point seven two minus zero point seven eight divide by the square root of zero point seven eight times one minus zero point seven eight divide by two hundred so calculate the negative two point zero four i'm also looking at the answer it's not on seeing that the answer here is negative is it zero comma or two comma zero four two comma zero four but it's zero comma four eight right two comma zero five which is five right so now because uh we are dealing with there's a test so this is correct we looking for the incorrect statement that is correct let's go to ee says the alternative is that the population proportion is not equals to 78 we know that that is correct we stated it in the null hypothesis now let's go find the p value which is question b we need to find the p value so that we can make a decision because the decision says the decision rule if we're going to apply it says if your p value is less than alpha you're going to reject the null hypothesis so that is the rule it's not a final thing it's a rule that we will use to make a decision so in order for us to answer b c and d we need to find the p value so that we can use this rule to answer that so let's go find the question is asking for the incorrect i think this was an error on their statement but it's fine we're not looking for that much so let's go find the p value so the other thing you need to always remember with the p value is if your test is a two sided test and the z test is negative we're going to forget the value on the table and then we're going to add it together because the p value for a two sided test they are two sides so we're going to go and find this using the z value the probability so minus 2.05 on the table the z table on the negative side we're looking for minus 2.0 and then at the top we're looking for five where they both meet that is the p value the one p value so it's 0.0202 so 0.0202 and the side 0 sorry this area here i must not write it at the bottom i must write it at the top because this represents the the area so this area here is 0.0202 and this area here is 0.02 0.02 so we need to add both of them together so our p value will be equals to two times 0.0202 which is equals to 0.0404 or you can say 0.0202 plus 0.0202 so this is also correct in terms of our answer okay so now we need to base our decision on the p value so let's see our decision rule says if the p value is less than the alpha we reject the null hypothesis so let's see our p value is 0.0404 our alpha value is 0.05 so this value is less than therefore we reject the null hypothesis let's see we're going to reject the null hypothesis so the null hypothesis is rejected which is correct so if the null hypothesis is rejected therefore it means there is no difference so the population proportion is not different all right so we can conclude that the population proportion that reported a decline in the is significantly different from I think this question there is an error on this question because it cannot be that all of them but this is the incorrect one so this would have been because oh sorry it's different it's saying the same thing sorry my bad this is also correct because it's different from it is different it's not the same it is different from 0.08 because we are saying yeah we're saying it is the same the null hypothesis that we are rejecting that it is equals to 0.8 it's the opposite of the alternative which says it is different so we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the population proportion is different is significantly different from 0.08 which is also correct so if all statements are correct then there is no incorrect statement is it minus or because option A says it's it's a positive number yes doesn't matter you know it does matter so yes so this is positive you are right this should be the incorrect statement it should be minus two comma and didn't pay attention to the minus we found that it's minus two comma zero five so this is positive the answer should be minus yes this is the incorrect one sorry my bad my bad okay so this is correct but the statistics is the incorrect one should be minus two oh gosh all right let's then look at those other missing questions how do we answer them so my we've done with the questions yes we are at the end right at the end okay some of the questions I said we will pick them up from here I can start from the bottom and then we go up okay so this is the same as what we just went through I'm not gonna bother too much so let's look at this one says in a sample of 100 the sample proportion of 0 comma 3 to consider the following hypothesis and calculate the p value and I think we have done that but no we didn't choose the correct answer from the list of option this is similar to the question that was cut of this one no the other one I think it was in the null in the hypothesis this one where they were asking you to find the p value right so if we need to go find the p value the very important thing there is the sign in your alternative so this is a mistake here there should be an alternative so we need to go find the p value and because we're dealing with proportions so we need to calculate first this that value p minus the population proportion divided by the square root of your population proportion one minus population proportion divided by n our population proportion is 0.4 our sample proportion which is our p is 0.32 so 0.32 minus 0.4 divided by the square root of 0.4 times one minus 0.4 divided by n of 100 so what do you get minus 1.632 okay so we keep two decimals so it's minus 1.63 right so we need to go back to the sign it is a lower table it's less than so the value we find on the table that is the p value that we are looking for so let's go minus 1.63 go to the z table look for minus 1.63 where they meet that is your p value which is 0 comma 0 5 1 option c so in your assignment they would have given you your sample depending and your population proportion as well i'm not sure if because on this question it was cut off cut off but probably it would have been a no it would have been another question because depending on your n and your sample proportion you would have calculated your p values differently okay so what other question or the one with the plus or minus the question would have read like this consider a two sided test with five percent level of significance and the degrees of freedom of 25 right so our alpha is five percent our degrees of freedom the f is 25 and they want you to find and yeah our population standard deviation is unknown therefore it means automatically when they talk about degrees of freedom we should know that we're talking about t so because it's a two sided test we have to divide our alpha by two and the degrees of freedom so it will be t of 0 comma 0 5 divide by 2 and the degrees of freedom of 25 if they didn't give you the degrees of freedom they would have given you n and you can calculate your degrees of freedom by saying n minus 1 so here they gave you the degrees of freedom so there's no need to take this and subtract from 1 right so this you need to find 0 comma 0 2 5 and 25 so we go to the t table t table and we look for 0 comma 0 2 5 and you look for 25 2.0 5 9 5 2.0 5 9 5 2.0 now I forgot 0 5 9 5 so if we round it off to two decimal it will be 2.0 6 and it will be option a okay but other questions we cut off that we couldn't do it was this one are we probably do have a full question and here is the question in a sample of 36 the sample mean is 83 it is also known that the population standard deviation is 16 you are required to use this information to test the following hypothesis so the mean is the null hypothesis says that the mean is less than 80 the alternative says the mean is greater than 80 so it's a one-sided test and it is in the upper take okay so um we are given the population standard deviation so then it means we're going to be using z and we can answer all these questions step by step so the test statistic less than 80 so your test statistic for z will be your sample mean minus your population mean divided by the population standard deviation divided by the square root of n so that is our sample mean is 83 minus our population mean is always dated in the hypothesis which is 80 divided by the population standard deviation which is 16 divided by the square of 36 this is 36 not 38 so let's have late i get 1.125 yes 1.125 let's keep it to 2 decimals 1.131 oh sorry this is 3 decimals sorry my bad let's keep it all of the decimals but it's fine we can answer the question I just wanted to keep it to 2 decimals because the next question is to go find the p-value and with the p-value we need 2 decimals but we can see that this is the incorrect statement right so this is not correct um anyway let's continue with all the other statements the p-value we need to go find the p-value so remember that it's greater than so therefore to find the p-value here we're going to say 1 minus the value we find on the table and the value we're going to find the p-value on the table based on 1.13 so you go to 1 comma in the positive side 1 comma 13 so they both meet which is 0 comma 8 7 8 7 0 8 0 comma 8 7 8 and the answer is 0 comma 1 2 19 so our p-value is not right that's what if there's something wrong then 1 comma 1 30 that's what we got right 1 comma 1 30 unless they use a different p-value never did this so this should be 0 comma 1 2 0 comma 1 2 9 2 that's what you said yes and there was something wrong with the question okay at 10 percent level of significance the rule is to reject the null hypothesis so we will they know it will not be they reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is greater than 1.186 so yeah they assumed that you would have calculated the critical value so the critical value here will be of 10 percent because it's a one-sided so it will be 0 comma 1 10 percent will be 0 comma 1 0 and then you will go inside the table and look for 0 comma 1 0 comma 1 0 comma 1 0 it will be 1.28 and it will be 1.28 and because it's on the apartheid then we would say 1.28 would be on the apartheid on this side and therefore it will fall 1.285 if that is the z value it will we will reject the null hypothesis so you reject the null hypothesis therefore hence the statement is also correct because it says at 10 percent the rule is to reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is equal or greater than 1.28 which is correct at this point we have the only correct answer and oh yeah you know why this is probably the p-value that they found there they used 1.28 which is 1.29 if you go there you might find that this will be the p-value but we can double check that later at 10 percent significant the null hypothesis is not rejected uh in terms of in terms of the true statement that we have here in front of us so if our p-value is less than so our p-value is 10 percent sorry our alpha is 10 percent so it's 0 comma 1 0 and our p-value is 0 comma 1 2 or 1 3 we can call it 1 3 so it's bigger than the the level of significance therefore we do not reject the null hypothesis so this statement also is correct so we do not reject the null hypothesis and this is an apartheid area which is correct so let's double check number b because i'm going to i'm i'm 100 percent sure that p-value they used 1.28 so let's see if we use 1.28 so we'll need to go to 1.29 1.2 1.2 oh sorry on the positive side 1 point let's remove all this 1.2 1.29 is 0 comma 8 9 9 7 1 minus 0 comma 8 9 9 7 if you take that 1 minus 0.8 9 9 7 equals no it's also not because then that is 103 i don't know how they got the used 0.08 they're not 9 oh sorry so that would be 9 0 but it's still not gonna work 9 0 1 5 we use that it's 9 0 1 5 what do you get yeah it's still not correct list it's 0 comma 0 9 8 5 yeah i don't know probably there wasn't a letter on this question as well because their answer is option a and we know that that is also not correct unless if we didn't calculate the right but not so many people in the same room can get the question wrong so 83 minus 80 divided by the our standard deviation is 16 hasn't changed and our n is 36 the square root of 36 and 1.125 i don't know why they would have gotten 1.28 at any so that they said this was their incorrect answer we left with seven minutes um which other question so this one we did do and i'm gonna answer the other questions that we did answer would be the one way we calculate okay let's see if we can calculate one of this so we can use this one as another example doesn't matter whether you see the the waves so construct a 99% confidence interval for the population mean income you are given the sample size of 50 and the income of 3 500 on average so that it would be our sample mean with the standard deviation so this will be the sample standard deviation s and we need to construct a 99% you need to be able to know and read the question and understand what is it that you are given in the question whether are you giving the population standard deviation or are you giving the sample standard deviation because that is very important it will help you know which one are you calculating so in this instance we need to find the mean plus or minus t alpha divided by 2 and the degrees of freedom as divided by this we need to go find the critical value so the critical value t alpha of 99% which means is 0 comma 0 1 divided by 2 and n minus 1 and our n is 50 minus 1 so therefore our critical value we will find t of 0 comma 0 5 sorry my bad at this point 0 1 divide by 2 it's 0 comma 0 0 5 0 comma 5 it's 0 5 and 49 so we need to go to the TV and values of t and look at the last column and 49 which will be on the next page 49 which is 2 comma 6 8 2 comma 6 8 so we will substitute into the formula 3500 plus or minus 2 comma 6 8 times our standard deviation of a thousand divided by the square root of 50 and you can find your lower limit and your upper limit 3 8 7 9 comma 0 0 yeah it's option in yeah the lower limit is 3 1 2 0 option in 3 3 1 2 0.99 and the upper limit 3 8 7 9 0 1 8 9 so which is 0 so it's option 8 okay so we left with two minutes but you should be able to double check something because I think there was another one way we skipped okay so this is almost similar so you should be able to answer any of this confidence interval it's only this one way I don't have a full question to know how they would have asked you otherwise you can practice with other questions but I won't post there so you need to always know so in case they ask you to calculate a margin of error you need to be able to know that always your margin of error will be the failure after the plus or minus on any equations oh no that's it I'll find you right by two and population standard deviation over the square root of n this is your margin of error if you calculate in the mean plus or minus your t alpha and the degrees of freedom with s divided by the square root of n this is your margin of error right so if they ask you questions like that you should be able to know each one because you don't calculate and for the for the proportion it will also be the same because it will be only this is your your margin of error so depending on the question so for example this one they're asking you to find the margin of error at 99% and they give you the sample the sample mean and the population standard deviation so therefore you're going to use this form you know this one right so that I might do going to use number one first one so therefore your margin of error to answer this question will just be your z alpha divided by two so we can't really hear you can you mute someone I don't know who is unmute look at themselves you will use that so for a 99% confidence interval you will need to always remember that your z of 0 comma 0 1 divided by 2 which is z of 0 comma 0 0 5 you will go to the table or you need to always remember that it is the same as 0 comma 0 so the negative side to 0 comma 0 0 5 is 2.3 2.58 let's see 0.005 it will be 2.58 so that will be 2.58 so you will say 2.58 multiplied by your population standard deviation is 15 divided by the square root 3.87 b okay b and e have the same value and so there was an error on this one so they are the same the answer was 3.87 so and that completes the revision for aside minutes okay are there any questions relating to content of study unit six seven eight and nine up to where we are right now is there something that you still I'm sure of if none then I'm going to stop the recording right here


In this study, researchers have demonstrated the potential of gold nanoparticles, AUNPs, derived from the flower extract of catharanthus rosus, CR, for use in treating cervical cancer. They found that these particles can be used to deliver drugs to cancerous cells, where they cause them to undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This process is initiated by the release of reactive oxygen species, ROS, which are generated by the particles themselves. These ROS then trigger a series of events leading to the activation of mitochondria, which ultimately causes the cancer cells to die. This article was authored by Yankou, Mohamed Saleh al-Aboudi, while al-Chiraki, and others.