We're we are still in Kansas Let me show you guys how come Kansas I can't operate the door. Hold on Okay clicked it Let me just show you guys What I don't drive in this stuff this Can't I can't So We're snowed in it's almost an inch therefore I'm snowed in Until tomorrow, I think I'm I think I worked it What's up y'all? so today Jeff is going to repurpose and refinish This lovely lazy Susan for his mama Because she wanted it So we do whatever we can to make mama's happy Oh, and we have some new toys They look like this So We we heard your complaints about having like What's up y'all So we've heard y'all's feedback about how uncomfortable this size Situation is to hold on to so now We've put a different grip on there so that they're easier to stir with we've got the non-finger situation and the added finger situation slimmer Not slimmer and I'll have these on the website soon Jeff is Testing out a new one y'all don't forget that you have to speak up because I don't have a speaker over there You to pop okay, it looks like a straight razor What's up Tonya, we've also decided to make clear coasters for transparent situations we're doing hexagons and Circles So we'll see how well they work if the resin sticks properly and Etc. Rhonda shoot me an email about that. I tried to start answering emails today, but Got busy anyways, so we are testing these While we're here because how cool would it be to have? Transparent coasters, I feel like I feel like that'd be the next innovation in Coastering what up Jen so everybody loves all the ideas. Oh Maria so the idea between the cutout stars and the new Stir sticks is so that it doesn't create a drag when you stir such big quantities of resin It allows some resin to flow through so the odds of it breaking are less right right and because Everything we do is stars That's the idea. We're testing it. So we'll see Also because they cut out all those stars They have all these little tea tiny stars that I just want a resin for I don't even know what reason Great color pop That's I was thinking Rhonda. I Agree Linda. I I think that it would Earrings not a bet so everybody's giving me ideas of what I can do with all these little mini star cutouts Could it make cut out bananas Robin, that's a brilliant idea Steve next time I need to cut out bananas I'm getting direct messages like text messages that says I must have the stars Robin you finally got the snow Um, so what colors are we using and also don't forget to speak up Transparent That's bananas Robin Yes, we are using ice cream cups because we forgot our mixing cups Hi Heather So we brought everything we needed to pour this week, but We literally forgot to bring anything to pour on so this entire weekend we've been just doing You know what We're working with what we got basically so we're doing TV trays and Something what is this a lazy Susan? That's bananas Robin. What's up Julie? So first Jeff is laying down a White base At least you didn't forget the heat gun or the torch. That's very true We thought about going out to get Something from the store, but I didn't want to like fight the Black Friday small business Saturday people So if you wanted to You could tape the bottom of this to make it easier cleanup later We forgot also the tape So we're just gonna have to baby it which is fine Also, we forgot our tarps so we have trash bagged the dining room table Like a true um ingenuities person is ingenuities a word Can it be an e-science word? Yes Right. I didn't do Black Friday either. However For you guys that are here We will be doing a Cyber Monday sale. I wasn't going to but In honor of Laura, we're gonna do one because Why not? That has great um coverage So this was just plain wood before And it was already prepped. So what we did was just spray paint and white We didn't have to seal it in because it was already sealed like factory sealed I'm sure that's not what that phrase means, but that's what it is I would put the teal next to the gold so that it makes that fun green color because your mom likes green too The red first then teal red teal gold Also, we don't have our swiping paper. So instead we are using this is parchment or wax Wax paper, it's not a wax paper, but it's parchment paper parchment paper Um Where did you find your wood and lazy susan? We found ours at Ikea for ten dollars each this exact same size Oh yours is Ikea too Bam there you go Same same spin it It doesn't really spin that fast because it is it's just uh It's not a weighted lazy susan agreed grandma Kathy. How are you? I imagine you have a lot of snow up there Let me get you guys in closer. I'm gonna have to sit on the table for this. Hope that's okay There's a trash bag down. So I feel like it's fine It doesn't spin that fast because it's lazy well said Hi rosie from canada. How are you doing? Thank you for watching and the compliments Those colors are gonna look bananas together. We asked her what her favorite colors were and then This is what's happening. Um, I've seen a picture of the tv table tray But I haven't seen it in person yet. We haven't been over to Jeff's sisters again I feel like this is like it's going that way Well, then spin it you don't have to turn it just Is pop's doing a pour We can pull up a canvas I'm gonna assist her today. He's an assister today I'm actually checking out his new technique here that I haven't seen done I love it. I seen him do it, uh yesterday Or a day before yesterday Yeah, yesterday we did do a pour Jealous linda Grandma Kathy's getting five to eight inches tonight with 45 mile per hour wins How do you life in that iNB Marla from phoenix I did But the the blue's coming up here and the gold's selling out. It looks really good Hi adrian about to tilt it A little bit back so that they stretch out a little Mm-hmm speak up What's your process? I need you to speak up say again What you're doing I was just stretching it um so that it goes over the edge evenly Marla's getting eight to 12 inches. That's bananas. What's up, holly? Are they in Canada? Kathleen says hi from new zealand These are looking great That's what he was stretching back the other way Rosie is not our first nestorm However, it is more than i'm prepared to have us drive in So we decided we were going to just be snowed in today Call it a snowing day or that also too How fun Helix I have not tried that. I will definitely do it Right Roll tide people Anybody going to atlanta for the national championship game? I am in this I love what these look like these like large I want to should I put some gold going through that or I I think you should add more teal for sure teal It's coming through I'm thinking of it if it sweeps I don't know if you could do it like that. What were you hunting for sue? What's up happy owl? How are you doing? Thanks Lucy? I love this like Strayated it makes me think that I want to stake but like this these the lines I don't know how you you've done it on a few of your pores A lot slower because it's hard to follow Thanks pop. I will be slower elk Is that as gamey as I've heard it is Basically Jeff moved to Dallas from Kansas Mainly because of the snow Thanks, laura The red is cherry by color obsession Do you want me to rip that for you? That's kind of It seems hard to control when it's bigger. I know that's what she said Thanks Donna Hello from Nova Scotia. Hi, Wendy. Thanks Molly It's like beef Have you all seen that girls video when she's like I like beef. She's precious and creepy at the same time Um, Heather, I have frog green coming in from color obsession. That's a great And fuchsia from just resin is a great bright pink Thanks rosie The cells are gorgeous that like double dimension ones Sorry y'all I'm trying to get you out of the These like dual color cells right here some of my favorites Rhonda, am I looking for a comment from you? Oh, what is the cyber monday sales other question? Penny says eric. I'm having a taco for you I love it because tacos are basically my favorite food group Christine said they just caught myself tipping and tilting my phone to help Jeff um Rhonda, it probably pulled since it was in all caps um Can you post it again? Prosperity, yes, I will be restocking aquamarine soon.  This thing isn't too Trudy. We're in canvass Watch it Heather how bright of a pink? Put something just to tilt it, you know to where it'll be stable all night I'm ronda. Yes paddies is us You're tilting that way So all this will be off of here if we don't We just have to make it level when we take it down for it to set up um be i'm loving these Look at this The gold lines And this is what looks amazing when you sand it to that mat When you leave it and spray mat over it. Oh my god, you got this grandma, kathy The only thing is you lose that top sheet if it's yeah ronda I have um, I think the code and everything in the description box, but if not shoot me an email Hi jackie Claudia the colors are turquoise by just resin stone coats base tint and white and cherry from color obsession and bright gold from just resin Absolutely, stephanie. Just shoot me an email. I'll take care of that for you. Are you tilting it right now b? Here I lift it up. I'm gonna put these under there. Did y'all have a good trip? When are y'all coming home? Um, we were supposed to drive home today, but we are definitely blizzarded in Hi clara Right angie. Um, it'll be all day, sue Especially these gold lines You know some of my favorite areas is this like negative blob that comes in Um, I'm supposed to tell you jeff drop the mic Um tiffani the reason why I have the I have the cherry in stock, but the the lids are dented because of how it was It was repackaged by customs for some reason So if you Don't mind the dented lids. I can open them up for purchase tomorrow 007 should it was supposed to be in middle this month, but there was An issue and so it should be in the next couple weeks Hi tia Extra resin, what are you gonna do? We do have extra resin We have a lot of extra resin. Um Agreed holly Marga you can use um Like a modeling paste or grout To create a heavy texture. We've been thinking about doing one of those What's up, jen Vamp, I'm I'm working on checking back the emails. I got I put a good dent in it today Yes, jackie What's up, mary jane? Bye, happy owl Okay, so I will I will tell austin to open up the cherries that I have in stock It's only about like 15 of them that I have So I will Open it up for I'll open it up for sale tomorrow when we have our cyber monday sale I think I have sapphire stephanie right holly Absolutely tiffany The dented lids don't cause trouble. It's just mainly just on the top where like other Bottles because they weren't properly packaged when they went through them They just dented like that Thank you clara b you have to do the pound pound We really appreciate it High dragonflies from ontario Other metallic powders. Yeah, I'm gonna get those in for sure Yes, sandy it is the cherry paste Heather what brand? I'm a fan of the negative space, but I really like that you put that blue swipe in there So it appears that we have a lot left. What are we going to do with that? Agree, julie Thanks jackie I really like the movement of this around this edge So pops if you want to like get your gloves on I don't know where the the um Places that we're going to take this to Hi lin Okay, okay, okay. We'll do the clear coasters. The thing is I don't have any Well, we can test and see how well it sticks and adheres to these so Yes, mu is here He's over there next to his bag of goodies. Hi moose He'll park up when he thinks we're going somewhere Where it didn't it didn't pull Um, no, I'm gonna post the code tomorrow and the way they Is up it's at the top and then it like rolls That is so awesome and then it like spun out You should see you should see it when you do an entire thing with that two or three different colors Yeah, it looks like yes. Trudy. I mean and it's It's like it's flat and Yes, if we sand these it'll probably stick better So we're going to be doing a lot of tests because I don't want to send you guys anything that I wouldn't personally paint on or with so We're going to check these out before we put them on the market for sure for sure Yes, we are going to make these for sale as soon as we figure out um We want to make sure that everything sticks to these that the resin won't just peel off Can you imagine if this was on the size of your aspect? We will Trudy You know, we're going absolutely Tracy. Do you want to walk it? So Jeff's gonna take his thing downstairs. So I will show you guys Um, exactly how snowed in we are It's like a lot. Hold on. I gotta figure out how to open the door. You got it. I haven't added pressure to it It's like a million feet of snow I'm pretty sure We're in the Arctic Circle I'm a diver. So This is like About a billion feet Therefore I'm snowed in I don't know if y'all know this about me But I'm not a very good snow bunny I get cold easily And also I don't know how other people drive in snow. So I don't trust anybody I could drive in snow. Just fine. I just don't want to Trust other people driving in snow It was a lot more earlier. Okay. It has melted considerably. Hasn't it Mama, hasn't it melted a lot? Yeah Yeah, it was a lot more earlier So it was scary. So I had to just call it and we had to stay another day Everybody's saying that it's a light dusting There you have it. It's now official Laura Taylor. Thank you I muted it because we were filming Sorry Laura Taylor gave us a donation and said I love how supportive Jeff's family is Also moose wanting to know what we're talking about Moose Thank you Linz so much I can't do it like Jeff does But I can show you guys The basement Where Jeff's artwork is okay. Come on an adventure Sorry mama Going on an adventure I wish I had a light on right now so you could see all the awesome Moo loves the snow This is one of Danny's workshop areas She did I told her thank you so much lori b. I need two pair of pounds So are we level? Basically Angie he does that right Eva Are we good? Are we level? That's insane ronda kujo has zero issues with Going outside Because of this If she likes it, if not, I would just Lay this flat like get a towel So you don't have to take this off lay it turn it over and just Right robin and it'll what the the towel will do it'll give it almost like a a buffer Between this and that so it won't be a hard edge It'll kind of fade unless you want to take it off and spray it. I think it looks great It's gonna do what it's doing. Yeah, right. He has all the things in here cells are getting bigger These are opening up somewhat. You know where that comes out and it's like it's under there, but look It's like a song man Let's go finish the resin. Yeah I want that hand. Which one? There's this one This one This one those ones Y'all it's a flock of birds Didn't move come down.  Let's go paint vamp said omg brilliant Are we gonna sand one to see how well if we don't have any sandpaper. Let's just do on Let's just do these it's fine We don't want to not have a whole set Well, this is a to see if it sticks well Test Yes, Tiffany Danny did make up flock of birds And there were a whole bunch of middle fingers on that The original had 33 in it. I made a mini one that had 13 in it And I dedicated that to my To my brother My nephew my son Uh-huh because they are no longer with us That their hands were up there So He molded all of friends and family's hands. He did So we did not sand these because I just want to see how How the resin sticks to them Um, they're plastic. So we're just going to see how they work straight Out of the thing We just peeled the backing off and we're going to see how well the resin sticks to them It's slightly different Clara I know the hexagon ones are cool and I was thinking about doing them in like college football team shapes or Um Like state shapes Just as a test The white is opaque and the reason why um We were going to do all transparent But this is the resin that I have mixed up and this is what I have to pour on so that's what we're doing I have others that I will see Um If it just peels off. This is a test that's just live in front of y'all Um, I don't know what price they're going to be at yet robin. I have to price out the cost of the boards The the sheets that they come in That's something we still have to Figure out this definitely all prototype Um, Maria, I'm not sure but we are going to test that out on the next wave of tests with all transparent Hi beyond Thanks, Eva That is a beautiful swipe B Um, that first coaster is ridiculous Right It's going to be beautiful B. So smooth I know it does it doesn't like it doesn't give any And this resin was well when it says, oh well It'll look like it's like Yeah, because of these hard edges linda says nice blowing That's what she said Pop hit it first. That's what she said We wouldn't be able to use a heat gun on those coasters, right because it might melt if you use it sparingly It should be fine. We have it plugged up right there. So the next one we should do If you don't do you have enough for us to do those other two over one area? It's not going to Bother it. Yeah, there's a melting point is like almost 300 degrees So you don't want to get it that hot Yeah, that's what I was wanting to see because it is transparent dude. See your fingers. Don't let me do it You know That may be what she said on a glass table So you bet it's cold outside because I do have a glass table I know so this is transparent so that looks fun. Apparently these have been spoken for Uh, absolutely Trudy Hey ocean How does the cherry paste compared to the cherry tint? Um, the paste is a little bit more opaque. It's not fully opaque But it would take you a lot of drops of the tint to make it this deep of a color Did you have an amazing birthday jen?  It's a paste Well, I hope you feel better now jen I'm gonna cry if I don't get that cherry It's a brilliant color and I'm gonna open them up for sale tomorrow. I will as soon as I get off of here message austin to Count the cherry and open them for sale for tomorrow's cyber sale Oh was 81 really cold for you ocean He doesn't want to go over that edge and that's still see through What's this? These turned out the moment. That's fine because the phone's too bright Like on the flashlight. I can see the individual bulbs. Those are still Interestingly glowy with that light under them Especially in the green area look at that See that Absolutely diane. Do you see that gold? Just do its thing Robin was 20 of each so Paula these are clear Coasters that we are testing for production and we want to see how well they work And everything Still see the round from under it that's bananas Even with those opaque colors Trudy, I'm not sure how much they're gonna run.  So we'll see We'll see how they go He should throw some fine gold veins in that cherry coaster. I literally just saying that Y'all Can you pick that up? Um, yeah go under the coaster a little bit more Yeah, I'm gonna I'll pick it up. It looks good. You can see through it Can definitely still see where your flashlight is through it. Yeah Bananas I mean you can put it over it. You're still gonna see it That one's gonna be half hyper transparent Super pumped about this y'all That makes me want a toaster strudel I would just leave it. I wouldn't even really tilt it Bye Barb bright Margaret Agreed Cheryl It doesn't want to go off that edge. Yeah, I love it when that gold mixes with transparent colors Has that like little over? Are they thinking have to drill a small hole after resin? Yeah I would say so. Let me ask the creator Drill it very slowly because if you drill it too fast The the the acrylic will crystallize so drill it Slow not press it through there drill it slow Drill it slow. Y'all heard it first right here from pop which is cool. Well, it's probably tilted a little bit Amanda, I think it'll be fine. Um Just lay them flat on the Or just take them down to the room You could totally use these to make sun catchers Yeah, I just started to do that by moving it. See that you can get cells with gold It just started to do that by moving it move it the other way There you go Down that way so it makes it look right. Well, we are super pumped about these We'll find out in the morning whether They work out or not and I will let you guys know Um, thank you so much for watching We got to do the dinner thing and um I'm basically out of resin. I'm definitely out of things to pour on What's it look like on the other side? We lift that just so I can get under there You can super tell it's transparent from the underside So I'll know in the morning how these turn out I'm sure they'll be brilliant. I'll find out if they peel at all We'll we'll know for sure Um, I hope you all had a brilliant amazing um Thanksgiving And don't forget to tell everyone that you love that you love them because um, you should You have time and after today you only have 30 days shopping days left Oh, yeah, only 30 days Till christmas Hi sue What about the sale tomorrow? I'm gonna post the code in our group tomorrow I don't have a code yet or else I would go ahead and give it to you guys I need to figure out what the code and the sale is it will be amazing. I just Have been doing the family thing. So I haven't um I'm gonna carry these down with me pops Okay We will be driving home tomorrow, but I will post the sale Tonight I'll post the sale tonight in the um The poor people's group so that you guys know all about it What if you're not in the group? Um We'll post a quick video tonight with what the sale entails So we know that you're on our youtube so I don't have pre-order open for 007 because I need to make sure that I get it before I accept any money I want to make sure that it's on the way and there are no problems because I ran into a problem with that in the past The house is brilliant and amazing So I will post a video and in the facebook group About the sale tomorrow. I just have to narrow it down with jeff and um Yeah, I'll let you guys know Tonight within an hour what the sale is I have to Take move out before he pees on my feet and um try not to freeze in the snow But uh keep your eyes and ears out for the black friday Nope cyber monday super sale that we're gonna put on tomorrow So till then bye I said


The next item of business is consideration of business motion 7639, in the name of Joe Fitzpatrick, on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau, setting out a revised business programme for today. I would ask any member who objects to say so now, and I call on Joe Fitzpatrick to move motion 7639. Formally moved. Thank you very much. No member has asked to speak against the motion, therefore the question is that motion 7639 is agreed. Are we agreed? Yes. Thank you. The next item of business is topical questions. We start with question number one from Claire Hockey. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government what support it will give to families of children who died at the Smylon Park orphanage in Lanark. Minister Mark McDonald. The information that has been disclosed about the unmarked grave at St Mary's Cemetery in Lanark, where it has been reported that the children from Smylon Park orphanage were buried, will of course be of deep concern to many individuals, and particularly the families of those who are affected. Those are clearly matters of great public concern, and I would like to set out to Parliament the steps that are being taken to address those issues. The Crown Office and Police Scotland have issued a joint statement this morning. The Crown Office has stated that, as matters stand, based on the information that is currently available, there is no evidence that a crime has been committed or that any deaths require to be investigated, but that position will be kept under review. Many allegations of criminality will be thoroughly and sensitively investigated. Similarly, it will be for the child abuse inquiry to consider this new information alongside the evidence that they already have and the witness sessions that they have arranged to help them to deliver the terms of their remit. Any action for the Scottish Government could only follow from proper consideration through those channels first. Families who have been affected by those reports are encouraged to seek support through a range of services supported by the Scottish Government. Services currently available from a range of bereavement services such as cruise bereavement care Scotland, the compassionate friends and petal. Any survivors who have been affected by those reports can also find support at future pathways. The Scottish Government-funded support service available to all survivors of abuse suffered whilst in care in Scotland. I appreciate the minister's answer, and I hope that families will take some comfort in the steps that are now being taken to establish the circumstances around those burials. It is also reassuring to note that the support service is available to anyone affected. Can the minister confirm that the Burial and Cremation Scotland Act passed by this Parliament last year extends legislation over recording burials to include private sites and that this consistency will prevent such situations such as have been discovered at Smylon Park from happening in future? Clare Haughey highlights an important point that needs to be put out there. In relation to the unmarked graves that were reported at St Mary's, the legislation that would have applied at the time would have been the Burial Grounds Scotland Act 1855, but that applied only to local authority, private burial authorities tended to follow the legislation voluntarily and there was no legal requirement for them to do so nor to maintain a register of burials. The 2016 Burial and Cremation Act, to which Clare Haughey refers, introduces a legal requirement for every burial authority, including private burial authorities, to prepare and maintain a register of burials for each burial ground that they operate. While section 10 of the act has not yet come into force because it requires regulations to be made that will specify the information that must be recorded in the register, the Burial Regulations working group has been set up and will be involved in creating draft regulations for consultation before the regulations are laid in Parliament. In the meantime, local authorities continue to be subject to the same requirements and duties to register burials. Clare Haughey. Finally, Minister, what continuing oversight does the Scottish Government have over recording burials in the light of the Burial and Cremation Scotland Act 2016? When does the Government intend to bring forward its plans for an inspector of burials and further provisions to improve burial ground management regulations? The Burial and Cremation Scotland Act gives the ministers the power to appoint an inspector of burials, as Clare Haughey identifies. We currently have an inspector of cremation and an inspector of funeral directors, and we will bring forward plans in relation to the inspector of burials in due course. The inspector will also have the power to make recommendations and report burial authorities, which are not complying with the legislation to Scottish ministers. Alex Cole-Hamilton. To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to reduce congestion on the approaches to the Queensferry crossing. Minister, Humza Yousaf. The first days of operation of the Queensferry crossing have resulted in increased traffic congestion, including outside of peak hours, most noticeable last Sunday. While that is typical of initial traffic patterns seen around newly opened major bridges, the following steps are being taken to reduce the congestion. Fixed message signs have been deployed in the slip roads on to the Queensferry crossing at either end to remind drivers to use the full length of the slip to merge into the main traffic stream. An additional variable message sign has also been positioned on the Queensferry junction northbound slip, advising of the same. That has been reinforced by Traffic Scotland and social media. The consideration has also been given to raising the speed limit from 40mph to 50mph, as soon as the central reserve burial installation has been completed and it is safe to do so. I am grateful to the cabinet secretary for his reply. I am very proud to have the Queensferry crossing in my constituency and I congratulate those who built it. However, while I share his delight at the improving picture witness this morning and yesterday, my constituent should not have to endure another weekend such as the one that we have just had, with many waiting hours in traffic and some even losing income. Representatives from Transport Scotland said in the media over the weekend that that spike was anticipated. I therefore ask the cabinet secretary if any other spikes are expected and what efforts are being made to encourage communities to use public transports and cycle routes in an effort to reduce congestion across the border. I thank Alex Cole-Hamilton for the constructive approach that he has taken with me. He contacted me over the weekend on behalf of his constituents to reiterate that they were feeling frustration and I accept that frustration, of course, would have been borne out by drivers crossing and the Queensferry crossing, particularly over Sunday, which I would just like to put some context around. There were events taking place on Sunday, whether it was peril for Scotland, the antiques fair at Engelston that may have added to that, but what we are also seeing is some element of tourist traffic still going across the bridge, looking back round and going round a number of times. That is understandable. We want people to enjoy the Queensferry crossing, but in regards to anticipation, what I have said to my transport Scotland officials is that we know that there are some groups who have put off coming to the Queensferry crossing for the first couple of weeks who will come later on because they think that it might have clamped down. We are confident with the variable messaging signs that we have put in place, as well as the other measures that we have taken that we are seeing in an improving picture. The report from the Monday AM peak, Monday PM peak and the Tuesday AM peak of this week have shown fewer delays and a much reduced delay time. I will continue to monitor that and ensure that, if the member wants briefing from Transport Scotland throughout this week, including what will happen at this weekend and anticipation of this weekend, I will be more than happy to provide that for him. I am thankful for that response. I suggested over the weekend that the fourth road bridge might be used as a release valve during the first phase to avoid the kind of congestion that we saw over the weekend. That was a request supported by the RAC. Would it be possible to allow buses and taxis to use the fourth road bridge now, to reopen the echelon roundabout for local access and to defer some of the repairs and roadworks on the fourth road bridge until the better weather in the spring, so that we can have the fourth road bridge as a backup option in case we encounter further spikes in the congestion that we saw in the early days? As I said to the member, we are seeing an improving picture. It is important that we see how this week progresses and, indeed, at the weekend when there may well be a spike in tourist traffic. Let's see that, if the picture is improving that the delays are reducing because of the actions that we have taken in Transport Scotland, we will continue to monitor what other things can be done, for example, increasing speed limit. There are difficulties in the suggestion that the member makes on the fourth road bridge. What we committed to do is ensure that the Queensbury crossing and the fourth road bridge as a public transport corridor were open and operational at the earliest opportunity. Deferring them is not an option that I would like to do, although I understand why he makes that suggestion. The works at the north end of the FRB are likely to take around six weeks. However, we are hopeful that the contract that FCBC can complete them closer to the four-week period, whether it will, of course, influence whether or not that can be completed in that time. However, there is a lot of work that has been done, which is necessary to be done in terms of alignment and to tie in the north end, which I think is vital. I want the aim of that for all concern is to achieve the full operating status of both Queensbury crossing and, indeed, of FRB as soon as possible. Let's see how the week progresses. I will keep the member updated. At any point, he feels that his constituents in particular are feeling frustrated at the length of delays. Of course, we are looking at what other options can be explored. Liz Smith is in a very important and absolutely iconic bridge, which I think that we all will take great pride in. However, there are serious issues here. Since 2006-07, a great deal of effort has gone into the Scottish Government in terms of the evidence about the traffic flow for the two bridges. Can I ask whether the minister is entirely satisfied that the evidence on which the Scottish Government has based its decisions is accurate and does the Scottish Government have any plans to review that so that we can address the problems that we have had over this past week? What I would say to the member is that, of course, traffic modelling takes place on any infrastructure project that we look to commit to. Of course, there was an expectation that there would be increased tourist traffic and increased interest, particularly in the first week, first fortnight. I suspect that there will continue to be, even on the weekends in particular, a number of groups, such as motorcycle groups and vintage vehicle groups. As we have seen, many other groups want to come and enjoy the experience of the Queensford crossing. What we are looking to do is to see what more we can do to alleviate some of that pressure. It is working. The peak Monday AM peak Monday PM peak this morning's AM peak has seen congestion reduced, so the actions that we are taking is working. In terms of modelling and future modelling, I will always happily look at whether modelling can be done better and work with the experts in that regard. That is a sensible thing to do. I know that it is something that we are doing, for example, for the Borders Railway, a completely different piece of infrastructure. Nonetheless, people ask us to look at the modelling and, where it is sensible to review that, it will be more certainly. However, that is not an issue around modelling, it is an issue around ensuring that we can do everything in our powers to reduce the congestion on the Queensford crossing. Alex Rowley I welcome what the transport minister has to say. I also wrote to him regarding concerns. It was not just the weekend. The traffic was tailed right back up the M90 to Hallbeath for long periods of time last week, which would not be acceptable if it continued. I welcome the guarantee. I think that if we can keep all members up to date on what progress has been made on both sides, it is a six lane bridge, after all. There will be options that will be available, but hopefully it is just people wanting to see this new, amazing, wonderful bridge, and we get past this period in time. However, if we don't, then action needs to be taken, and that is the assurance that we need. Alex Rowley Yes, I am absolutely happy to give Alex Rowley that assurance. Members should be kept up to date in our endeavour for the members of their last questions. We want to be kept up to date on traffic flows, particularly during the peak times that I will look to do that, including, of course, out of peak times, particularly at the weekend, as we saw congestion on the Sunday last week. If we continue to see that, I will do what I can that is in our powers to alleviate some of that congestion. However, Alex Rowley will get my absolute assurance that Transport Scotland, the contractors, the operating company, we are absolutely working hand in hand to ensure that anybody who is looking to cross over that bridge has a seamless journey and experience and gets to enjoy what is an iconic feat of engineering that all of us rightly across this chamber are very proud of. Mark Ruskell I think it was Alex Cole-Hamilton's predecessor, Margaret Smith, who, in 2010, warned that there would be an absolute clamour for both bridges to be open to general traffic once the Queensbury crossing was built and open, and that, if delivered, that would lead to disastrous levels of traffic growth. Does the cabinet secretary agree with Margaret Smith's assessment from 2010? Alongside the welcome commitments given already to grow active travel on the fourth road bridge, will the Scottish Government be giving support to increase traffic on the fourth rail bridge? We have a commitment in the Government to, of course, increase the levels of a number of people on public transport, whether that is on our buses or on our railways. That is something as Transport Minister I have said from day 1 on the job. Once we do the work on the FRB on the fourth road bridge, that will make public transport a more attractive option on the buses in particular. That is something that we all have a duty to do across this chamber to promote. I will ensure that the messaging around that is—we have a look at that again, we review that again to ensure that it is as powerful as possible, but I think that there is a great opportunity not just for those that are crossing on the motorcar but absolutely to say that public transport is getting access to the fourth road bridge once the work is done in four to six weeks, making public transport a more attractive option. It is something that I am delighted about. The rail bridge will continue to do what we can to increase patronage on the railways as well. The new bridge is obviously of critical importance for my constituents in Edinburgh South, as it is for people across Edinburgh, Fife and the whole of Scotland. The minister raised in a previous answer the modelling that went into that. I understand that the number of the traffic management features are not yet operational in connection to the bridge. Can the minister please explain what impact it has on not having those open made in terms of the modelling assessment? Indeed, while he mentions that the spike was anticipated, was the level of the spike in line with the anticipated level of traffic or has it exceeded it? I will try to get the member to the specifics and around the modelling as best I can in written form. Modelling and forecasting is the best of the ability and expertise that we have in Transport Scotland. There are some things. For example, we had, over the Sunday, vintage vehicles choosing that Sunday in particular to go across. We had motorcycle groups choosing to go across. We had cars displaying large flags in a parade type of fashion choosing to go across on the Sunday. There is only so much modelling that you can do to capture all of that. On my answer to Liz Smith's question, where we can review that, where we can look at that to make it even more accurate, we will, but it was anticipated that, in the first few weeks of the Queensferry crossing, there will be a surge in traffic. That is not unique to Scotland. If you look at any new bridge or new infrastructure opening across the world, there is a spike in traffic. We are doing everything that we can to manage that, but where we can do more, we will certainly do more. We are starting to see the positive results of that. The Monday AM peak, the Tuesday AM peak, as I have said throughout my answer to questions, has seen a reduction in that congestion. We will see how the rest of the week progresses and, if we can do more, we will certainly explore all the options. Thank you very much. That concludes topical questions.


Thanks, hon. Good morning, YouTube. It's Saturday. It's the weekend. I hope you're having a great weekend. Enjoy it. Enjoy it. Saver. I couldn't find the charger for the time-lapse machine this morning, which is why the time-lapse died in the middle of the time-lapse. Well, have no fear. The lawnmower found it. No dice. Shredded it right into... Oh, man. I left it in the grass last night from last night's time-lapse. Say la vie. Say la vie. Don't worry. I've got backup. All right. I'm off to an incredible event. I'm gonna leave the camera. It's Saturday. I'm gonna leave it for, gosh, probably five hours. I won't have the camera.  And I'll see you guys this afternoon for a pile of dirt. That's a good thing. Got it. Done. And now I'm going for a run because I'm waiting for this cup of dirt to arrive. A little delivery on this fine Saturday, but I don't like wasting time as you all know, so I think I'm gonna squeeze in a run. Hopefully they don't arrive while I'm out there, but let's do it. As time moves on, I think we all probably get a little wiser in our decision-making. I tried to go for a run and mind you, it's been seven days since the 25-mile race at 8,000 feet above sea level, and basically I got a block down the way from the house and I just said, you know what? Ain't feeling it. Ain't feeling it. The legs need to rest. They need to rest a little more.  No, I'm not. This is where I struggle. Kofusi, this is where I struggle. What am I supposed to do? I can't just sit around. Okay, and I. Mom, I've been away for 36 hours. Dish, dish situation. Yes, I'm a Yankee fan. Yes, I am. Yes, I am, and I'm trying to rest. Trying to rest, sitting in this chair, and that is the question of the day. Do you like to rest or do you not like to rest? If you struggle to rest, how do you put yourself in a position to rest? I'm also trying to eat healthy. Green pepper. They're actually really tasty.  Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity. Driving home from a little shindig. Nice little shindig, but I am... I don't have the boys. I don't have true love. True love loves to go to bed early. I didn't even have the boys to say to people at the party like, listen, I gotta get the kids home to bed. No, I gotta get me home to bed. I gotta get me home to bed, not the kids home to bed. I gotta get it. Papa Bear's got to go to bed. Hey, nine o'clock. It's like, I'm so tired. Oh, it just hits me, man. It hits me. All right, seat beauty, work hard, love each other.


This is Think Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. Welcome to Stand the Energy Man, coming to you live and direct from Puvava on the Big Island. At least that's what's in the background. We're actually here in the downtown studios, but don't tell anybody. But we have a great show today. We're going to talk a little bit more with Ryan Woobins, my regular electrical engineer that comes in once a month from Burns and McDonald. And we just talk about the more technical side of, especially grids and grid-related topics, energy storage, things like that. Today we're going to kind of talk about the bridging of the grid to transportation, because most people I don't think have really internalized it yet, but as the state of Hawaii has already declared going 100% renewable on our electric grid by 2045, we also have in parallel an even bigger fossil fuel user, and that's the transportation sector that's going to also be more electrified as we move towards 2045. What that means is you're either going to have to put more stuff on your grid to make it work right, like more transformers, more substations to carry the extra load that we're going to be pushing out to charge vehicles and things like that. Or maybe what we should do is take a 100-year-old grid, look at it now, and say, what's it going to really look like in 15, 20 years, and redesign the grid and start building it piece by piece now to make it more resistant to hurricanes, more resilient to events like that, make it less vulnerable to cascading blackouts, so we don't have black starts where we're taking two or three days to bring our island-wide grid up. It'll pieces of it should stay up by itself, they could island themselves, and use more efficient storage, large-scale storage like hydrogen and pumped hydro and things like that, instead of just batteries, because I quite frankly think that everybody's underestimating the amount of energy storage we're going to need on the grid in 20 or 30 years. And so we're going to talk about some of those things. Before we get in with Ryan though, I wanted to also bring up that last week I had Rep Nakashima, the new Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives here in Hawaii. I had him on as a guest and I reviewed the show and it reminded me that about 12 years ago, the state legislature actually passed a law implementing a hydrogen economy in the state of Hawaii. And I would venture to say that there are probably less than 50 or 60 people that realize that's a fact, including legislators. So I'm trying to revive this interest in the law, because according to the law that was written 12 years ago, we should already be well into a hydrogen economy, especially on the big island. And quite frankly, we're woefully behind on that. So I'm going to send that one out, but I just want to give everybody a heads up with the legislature. I'm starting to try and put some more interest on this. Ryan, thanks for being with us today. We appreciate it. We had a little talk before we came on the air about what's going on in the future with the grid. In the last couple of weeks, we've talked about energy storage and we've talked about HECO's grid. And I've kind of got a picture now. I mean, I looked on HECO's website. They can generate roughly a gigawatt of power out of their system. I mean, not all of it's up at the same time. And they're between 800 megawatts and a gigawatt. So essentially, if you took a rough number around there and just called it maybe 18 to 20 gigawatt hours a day, it would be maybe a rough energy requirement for this island. Yeah. I think that was where we came out with about last week. Yeah. So somewhere around 18 to 20 gigawatt hours. And that's just one day. That's a day. Yeah. So we're also talking about right now, we store a lot of the energy that we would use in a week in fuel in tanks. So we not only need to store enough to get us through a sunny day and probably maybe eight or 10 gigawatts at least of some other kind of storage for nighttime, but we also have to cover the next day and the following day and the sunny days that aren't there and the rainy storms that come through and wipe out in most of the sunlight for a couple days in a row. And we need to have that much storage too. So now we're really talking 20, 30, 40 gigawatt hours of storage. And is our grid right now our 100-year-old grid? Because Honolulu actually has one of the older electric utility grids in the U.S. It was one of the first utilities to come online at Ilani Palace back in the late 1800s if I'm not mistaken. And it's old. And we just keep adding to it and building on it. But some of it's really frail. Some of it really, if it was designed today, would be done completely different. Should we be looking at just redesigning the whole grid and maybe starting to build it more resilient? And how would we do that? Yeah, so the short answer is yes. And we do that right now, but it's in smaller chunks, which it always comes back to money and being able to put the money into the system. So grid modernization is always actively happening strategically, let's say, throughout the island. If it were to all fall down and we started from scratch, then yeah, it would look different. If we then possibly even grid different than the grid modernization program is, because it is made to be an incremental process because of the funding limitations, right? But to start from scratch and to really build it just the way you want it, you got to be picky and choosing, maybe dollars don't matter, then yeah, we're looking to do something different than what we did a hundred years ago. Well, ultimately though, as we talked about, if you're going to include transportation and that electrification into the equation, and we're going to have to upgrade essentially the whole system over the next 20 years to accommodate plug-in electric vehicles, even hydrogen electric vehicles. We're going to use intermittent renewables to do that too. It's quite a bit of an improvement in the structure, but we also, I mean, we dodged a bullet with Hurricane Lane this year and we're overdue for a Cat 4 hurricane hitting downtown Honolulu. And it just strikes me as troubling that if we get hit by a hurricane like that, we're going to have a lot of physical damage to buildings and stuff, but the grid is just going to take a massive hit. And not that he goes incompetent, right? It's a good grid, but it's just the location and the sheer force of nature that you just can't stop it. It's just going to take things down. If we islanded parts of the island here, like North Shore, Mililani, and Hawaii Kai, Windwardside, Kailua, Kanuei, and made islandable microgrids that stood up on their own, would that be a big transition from the grid we have? We wouldn't have to show you all new wires and stuff. What would we have to do to say take Kailua and island it and Waimanalo and island it in sections like that to kind of get ready for a more resilient, more redundant grid and something that we could maybe plug hydrogen fuel cell energy storage and firm base load power into the grid for future renewable energy? Yeah, so it is possible to make that transition and in ways that happens right now. There could be an outage that is, let's just say, through the middle of the island but then the outsides are still, they still have their own power. This is done by switching. We'll just try and just say on a basic term that as long as we break open the circuit and we actually physically separate them from being connected, that's step one. We can't have everything connected and then choose that the electrons go in certain directions. Once we add in the physical ability to separate, which already exists in some areas, whether or not it's a smart device or it's connected is another story. Let's start with the physical separation from happening. That exists in some places, maybe we have to start adding it in other places. Then to maintain power within that island or within that section you need to look at your power generation and your load and you have to be able to control, generally we're looking at controlling generation and in a way we need to start looking at controlling loads when we start talking about larger, if plug in electric vehicles. That is a load that is not necessarily necessary at all times. If it was acting in some type of demand response, that's great that we have all these vehicles that are charging right now but let's slow it down. We're in an islanded operation and our generation may be limited. Maybe there's clouds coming over and we want the system to adjust the vehicles for that. When we get to the island scenario, the micro grid scenario, it is a matter of controlling generation and load. When you get to that point, natural disaster hits in one area. Each individual area is more likely to stay on for a longer amount of time. Let's define generation. Right now we have Kai power plant. We have several major power plants that provide all of the power one way except for what 15-20% renewable energy on rooftops and things like that. Most of your power generation is fossil fuel going from big power plants and then pushed through the system to the individual residences and businesses. But as we get more renewables on board, especially in a residential area where there's a lot of rooftop solar, would it make more sense to literally start in those communities where you can almost design a micro grid similar to what you're working on with the Air Force where you have the renewables that can pretty much cover the load unlike having to cover Campbell Industrial Park with rooftop solar where you have a lot of industrial heavy industrial with a lot of power requirements. But maybe residential areas could almost be islanded themselves with a little bit of some kind of their own generation, whether it's not just a solar or wind, but possibly fuel cell generation or flywheel generation, things like that. Would that be a huge undertaking? At this very moment it would, but if you're already making the leap into the separated microgrids, getting to that threshold is step one. The smaller ones, it's much less easier to get there. A community that has a high rooftop penetration, their challenge is today, it's much like the challenges of the 100-year-old grid incrementally getting changed. So if we're incrementally changing a high PV neighborhood to be a microgrid, we're going to be dealt with that incremental change. The PV is good. That's still capturing sun and converting the energy to the electricity we're consuming. But the incremental issue that we're going to battle is that the inverters on those houses are not always the type that's going to be what we want to be, more of a grid forming or power quality or control device. So we're closer because some of the infrastructure is already there. We're a little bit farther away because the microgrid control that we want to happen is it may change some of that hardware. Is it possible? Yes. And some of that is already happening right now. Your newer programs to install PV on the sound will have a much more advanced inverter. And these inverters now you're talking more of a firmware upgrade. That's a lot cheaper than hardware upgrades. So during these incremental processes, yes, we're going to get closer and closer. It is well within the realm of possibility that very soon your very high PV neighborhoods not only are providing critical power to their own household, which there are a few options out there right now. Solar plus. It's just less of the installations out there just because you're installing a battery doesn't mean your power is on when he goes out. That is not true. So do speak with your manufacturers when you're going through that. But now that these neighborhoods get these high PV of these very smart inverters and we start connecting them in very, I don't want to say smart, or advanced algorithms right now. Those neighborhoods can separate themselves off and support each other. Not that every house needs to have their own storage, but maximizing your rooftop PV would be a great step to getting your generation really high. And then everybody installing their own energy storage solutions, whether that's in their vehicle or at their own house, getting all those to communicate. You have whole on neighborhoods micro grading themselves, which would be very good for a place in Kailua where you're not going to have a large power plant that's going to be that generating source for the neighborhood in that time of natural disaster. But we're a co-hobba where we're really separated from everybody.  Yeah, we're just hanging on there. But if we were able to provide that separation, then that community could isolate. But we're always getting closer, but it is incremental. If we were to come down right now, all at once, we'd just strip it out and we wanted to install a new, we would do it a little bit differently. Today's technology is available to do that. It's a little bit more expensive today than it will be tomorrow. It always will come down, but it's very achievable and we're working to get there. Time and money are always against us. Well, ultimately though, the rate pair is probably going to have to put the bill, or the customer is going to have to put the bill for a lot of these infrastructure improvements. So after the break, I think we're going to come back and talk a little bit about that. We'll be back in 60 seconds. My name is Amy Ortega Anderson, inviting you to join us every Tuesday here on Pinoy Power, Hawaii. With Think Tech, Hawaii, we come to your home at 12 noon every Tuesday. We invite you to listen, watch for our mission of empowerment. We aim to enrich, enlighten, educate, entertain, and we hope to empower. Again, maraming, salamat po, mabuhay, and aloha. Aloha, I'm Dave Stevens, host of the Cyber Underground. This is where we discuss everything that relates to computers that just kind of scare you out of your mind. So come join us every week here on thinktechawaii.com, 1 p.m. on Friday afternoons, and then you can go see all our episodes on YouTube. Just look up the Cyber Underground on YouTube. All our shows will show up and please follow us. We're always giving you current, relevant information to protect you. Keepin' you safe. Aloha. Hey, we're back here live with Ryan Williams from Burns & McDonald on my lunch hour and his lunch hour. So even his company won't be mad at him. He's out here on his own time. So we're talking about modernizing Honolulu's grid particularly. And, you know, Ryan, we talked about maybe taking some of the low-hanging fruit, like the smaller communities, Waimanalo, Kailua, Hawaii Kai, and starting to modernize those grids and make them more friendly to intermittent renewables and let HIKO learn and grow, building those until they get to the more complicated, well, Hawaii Kai would probably be pretty complicated, and moving towards town where you have a lot more high-rises or out in West Oahu where you have a lot of residential, but you also have some industry.  So, you know, we talked about hydrogen before and using hydrogen energy storage in complement with battery storage to give you a pretty good microgrid makeup, but the hydrogen piece also gives you that transportation solution. You know, electric plug-in vehicles are going to be one way to charge your vehicle, but Toyota brought in the Marais, Surfco brought in some Toyota Marais, and they have their station up and running out, so we have hydrogen vehicles on island. If I'm not mistaken, they have at least nine of them that are already leased out and running and they plan to bring more in. How could we kind of synergize the grid application of hydrogen with the transportation side? Yeah, and so we'll speak to synergizing the transportation energy storage that it inherently has now in removing the combustion engine and then tie that into the low-hanging fruit of converting a, what would we call a lower load density area. So, load density being the amount of geographical footprint that exists and then the load that we place within there. When you get a very high load density or smaller areas, high rises, so a higher load without the area, some of the technical difficulties come into play. From a renewable perspective, it's much higher because solar is a great asset for Hawaii and if we can use solar, it's better. It is good low-cost energy. So, low-density areas are, they open themselves a little bit more towards that renewable peak. So, taking a lower load density area, if we consider a place like Kailua and then we add in the transportation factor and where these two meet, we look at the low density of Kailua, a good mix of commercial and pretty high-density residential. Contained area, we're not adding any power plants in there, right? That's not happening. Now, we already look at adding distributed generation primarily in the form of PV. That ups within our island now or within our microgrid. We keep clocking up that generation. To add to that stability, we would want to manage the load, but we also need the energy storage, which, I mean, when I say energy storage, I'm going to just talk in KWHs or hours of energy. Whether it's a diesel, a hydrogen or a lithium-ion, I don't really mind. I think the equation is always the same, but we'll start to see some different variables come into play and you'll say, oh, wow, yeah, we can't do that. It's just over time that's not going to add up. So, when you add in transportation and you remove the combustion engine, it either, if it was a hydrogen fuel cell, it's still going to operate much the same, if it was an electric vehicle. Now, you are at times and added load to the system. So, within our island or within our microgrid, we just upped the load, but our generation was still kind of capped with that load density. So, you can do that, especially because that load is still an energy storage device. Where that synergy comes in, we're kind of talking about where these two come together, while a vehicle may consume energy or pull load from the system to be able to transport you around. In times of natural disaster or a crisis, your vehicle could then be converted to what's called vehicle to grid and actually be producing energy back to the grid and supporting that generation factor, which is great. Now we're upping the generation within our load density area where hydrogen comes into play is a much more interesting play because your fueling stations that you have right now, when you convert that to a hydrogen fueling station, the amount of hydrogen you're storing there to dispense into vehicles from a KWH standpoint is very, very large. This is a very big high-energy battery that we installed. There are gas stations in Kailua. They're already there. Generation plants are not. Converting a hydrogen fueling station to be able to produce power back onto the grid is technically feasible right now. We just need to convert the plant and put in the right equipment. Now in times of emergency, now we have these power plants stationed around already. They're already there. Hydrogen as a fuel, as a medium, you can track that price over time, the hydrogen dropping. An electric vehicle is a very good temporary load. I'm going to just... We call it a plug-in electric vehicle, but hydrogen vehicles are also electric vehicles. I want to make sure everybody understands that. An electric plug-in vehicle has batteries storing the energy. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is an electric vehicle but stores energy in hydrogen and uses a fuel cell, which I call just another kind of battery, a wet battery, that converts the hydrogen and oxygen into water and makes electricity and heat at the same time. So in the model that you're talking about, the other advantage is using the manufacture of hydrogen as a load, because if you have all these house rooftops with solar and if you look at the HECO duct curve, everybody's at work in the middle of the day, very few people are at home, and the sun is beating down on all these solar panels, making tons of electricity, but maybe you don't have the requirement for electricity, but rather than throwing it away or just shutting off the inverters and saying we don't need it on the grid, you start making hydrogen with that power and storing it in energy. So you basically don't waste any energy. It's a very efficient way of capturing all the energy that the sun's given you and storing it for future use at night or on the grid or on the transportation sector. That's exactly it. And using hydrogen as that really deep, long-term storage, it's not going to degrade over time. We can just start storing this and start storing it. We can also convert it and transport it back into vehicles as we overproduced on solar for a given time. It's a very good storage medium to use that for. Absolutely. In fact, it's kind of fortuitous. The background that you see, I mentioned, is Puvala on the Big Island. That's where Blue Planet Research has their research facility, and they have a microgrid setup, and this fits right into the discussion by coincidence. The way they're set up is they're in a kind of a unique climate zone where they only get about a half a day of real solid sunlight. The afternoons usually cloud over pretty good, but they have 10 or 12 houses and buildings on their microgrid, and what they do is they run, during the daytime, they run off the solar power, and at night they have some lithium ferrous phosphate or lithium-iron batteries that are different than your typical lithium cobalt batteries like you see in the cars and cell phones right now. That's a very, really, really stable, good technology. What they do is, whenever their batteries get drawn down at night from running things when it's dark, the sun comes up, the solar panels, the first thing they do besides providing power to the buildings is they start charging the batteries. But by 10 or 11 in the morning, the batteries are charged up, they're fully charged, and now if there's sunlight, and they're usually enough to at least make some electricity, they make hydrogen and they don't compress it to 5,000 or 10,000 PSI like we have in cars, they just store it at 250 PSI. They have lots of space, so they have big tanks and they just store it at low pressure. And then, if there's ever a week or whatever with a lot of rain and clouds, they need the hydrogen, they put it in a fuel cell, and they charge the batteries with the fuel cell. And so, they've been off the grid for, I think, almost five years now. And the system is very reliable and independent because they're not too far from the highway, but it probably costs several hundred thousand dollars to string wires over there and put them on the grid. But they're off the grid with a microgrid. With renewable. 100% renewable. All solar renewables, not even using wind or anything else, all solar renewables. Even better. That microgrid that you lay out is a great balance between just the higher round-trip efficiency of a lithium-type battery. It has a higher round-trip efficiency, so it has a great use in providing very short-term energy. So it's very good at that. But you're not going to give that cloudy day energy storage in a battery and you're not just wasting that money, but you're adding really a chemical makeup that you don't need. Go into hydrogen and add that really deep energy storage. Bringing those two technologies in that form, I think, is where long-term where I think everybody will end up. And it's 100% renewable. 100% of the time. Well, I hope that you and I can work with HECO and try to spark them into doing more strategic long-term planning for their grid and incorporating some of this stuff. Ryan, thanks for being with us again this week. Absolutely. And contributing to all of our education and expanding our knowledge on electrical engineering. And thanks for joining us. I'm Stan Energy Man, and we'll see you next week. Aloha.


To start off, what I do is I do a quick definition of what a corpus is because people may be not familiar or have not really worked with it very much. So the corpus is an electronically stored searchable collection of text which can be written or spoken and it can be quite large like billions of words or it can be a small one that you can buy yourself hundreds of words. It's good for reading, searching and manipulating large quantities. So for example, manipulating could be in a learner corpus so you could put coding on them and find error codes and then recall them quickly and find out what's going on. So this is something that I was doing and a corpus is descriptive so it's describing your languages used. It's not prescriptive, it's not telling you what to do. To example, you've got the British National Corpus, you could say it's a hundred million words. It's a good one. It's a corpus that keeps giving and it's open and there's a learner corpus as well which it's ongoing from Cambridge exams with a lot of language backgrounds there. So there's two, there are many other examples as well. The whole point I'd like to make is that Iver Timbers works with ELT in corporate and he was saying that like technophobes can relax, it's user friendly and there's a lot of tutorials now. I feel that there's just, you can do a lot even on your phone, it's great. I use it a lot in class now with students and then as well Munier was saying that you go beyond the pen and paper but it doesn't have to imply a technological big bang. So we can embrace this. It's very easy to embrace. It's not a problem. I was trying to make a definition of what a corpus informed teacher is and I was saying that thinking something like it's someone who's tuned into a range of books, resources and tools to help a teacher, a better teacher and language practice as well. Because Timbers was making a good point, he said that it means you're in a better position to make opportunistic decisions in the classroom reacting to language as it arises and for learners as well to be more autonomous with it. It's good for many things. One thing we could talk about here is the intuition checking and hypothesis testing and I don't have much time to speak about this but I would like to speak about it more but for example with intuition Krishna Murthy was talking about something, we tend to notice the unusual in class salient stuff like idioms, raining cats and dogs or something but the ordinary can bypass us sometimes and that can be the biggest obstacles. The ordinary is a very rich scene to mine. So an example would be that if you're speaking in spoken language, nearly 50% of languages there are only 12 lexical verbs used in 50% of the time. I wonder what anyone know what the most frequent verb is in spoken language. Yes. Yes. Yes. Do it. Congratulations. I think I saw Mr. Maynard. There you go. There's 12. There you go. There's 12. Notice, curiously, do is not in that list, which is very interesting. Now, that doesn't mean that it's in frequent. It just means that it doesn't occur in that frequency for breakfast. So that's Biber and Conrad who work a lot with their corporates in linguistics. How could frequency inform teaching? Well, for example, Biber was talking about, you know, get on its own is obviously, it's a very word with a lot of potential. So we need exposure needed for the range of meanings around it. I think that's a very important word, the exposure of that in class. And that's what Corpus can give students, that they're dealing with things, they're absorbing and working with language all at the same time, spoken and written. Frequency information also gives better coverage of the words as well. So materials based on intuitions, unlike yourself, I'm not a big fan of course books. Intuitions used in them are kind of strange sometimes. So if you're going to be talking about gets, get the frequent gets and help students have language that they're going to be encountering in real life situations, in whatever genre you're speaking about. However, of course, Corpus Founding should not dictate or stop any astro-pathographic filter. So the teacher in the circumstance and in the situation will ultimately know what the best thing to do is. Students can help with resources. So there could be teacher directed and learner directed. So I'm going to really talk about something quickly here. Like if it's teacher directed, imagine you're doing presentations. So you could imagine you're talking about these things like discourse markers and those kind of things. You could go to a Corpus-affirmed grammar book. You could find examples of these things. And then you could go to a site like the Ted Corpus site, which is very good. So you can listen, see, read and find it all there. And you could link to dictionaries and things of that. It's a very good site. As a teacher, you could put it up on the board. You could highlight photocopies or something like that. And then you're the facilitator of the learner going on in the room. That takes a minute to organize. You have your book. You get it. You do that. Then you can go with your IWB. For example, it could be learner directed, which is where you're reacting to language in class. So for example, when words come up, you can explore patterns, frequencies, et cetera. Everything is called registers, preferences, and prosodies, which is registers as it's spoken or written. And preferences is what's the semantic associations with it. And prosodies means it has positive or negative. I'll be talking about these with a quick example in a few minutes. I think it's good for implicit learning, which is learning by doing, exploring, confidence and motivation and agency. I think it's very, very important as a lot of this in the literature as I've been reading these things. Benefits of being corpus informed. I think it's great for creating your own materials or for adapting materials. It's good for academic English and business English, for example. If you're interested in syllabus design, analytic type V syllabus, which is non-interventionist syllabus, which is teaching in chunks, teaching with authentic language, if you're interested in that. It's great for that, I feel. Or to discrete-item syllabus if you need to follow that. I would encourage teacher trainers to try included too. I've been, as I said, because I do self to myself sometimes, it's difficult to find time to include those things. But it's feasible. And CPD programs as well. If you're a managerial position, it can be easily done. I think it's very good because it's evidence-based, which is very, very important. It's much needed for work that people do. It informs the European framework. It's very common in editing and publishing. And there's a great community of people who share stuff online. And it's very common in MA programs should people be moving in that direction in the future. And then I think it's great for things that are coming into the classroom, like mobile-assisted language learning and open educational resources. And maybe people who are looking to supply platforms that aggregate information themselves, they can use this as the bedrock of what they're doing, all the other work. OK. Basically, Leach was a linguist who, in 1997, very clearly foresaw how a corporate could inform a teaching. And he divided it into three categories. I don't have time to speak about this very much. But basically, he was talking about dictionaries and grammar. He was right, learning corporacy was right. In the classroom, it didn't pan out that way. So that's a little bit how it's what the Finnish talk today. So I adapted Leach's point two there about using it in the classroom. And I put a client in because teachers have to have clients. So level one would be dictionaries and grammars. And these can be online or the paper dictionaries. I think we're moving away from dictionaries a bit, maybe, with the Google things. And I'll talk about that in a second. Grammar can be partially informed by corporate or less so. And the ones that are less so are the ones that are skewed with intuition. And we have to be careful with them. I'm finding as well as I go along. The second ones are open access corpus sites, which I'll show if you. I was like the Ted Corpus one I was talking about a moment ago. And these are what I call the Spotify model, where you think you're talking about earlier, you're registered. And you have kind of a freemium or premium model like that. But even the freemium model of Spotify is actually quite good. So there's that.  And you can do that in class as well if you want. If you have a little bit of mentoring or training, that's possible. So in terms of dictionaries, there's three really good ones. All dictionaries are corpus informed now. So you're going to a good place there. Yeah, recently the word meditation come up in class. And someone threw it into Google. And it just said the act of meditating. It's kind of, it's very frustrating. Yeah, the Cambridge Learner Dictionary is good. It's difficult to say, but you get the level of the word. So I'll tell you it's B1 or C1 or something like that. So that's good. It's quite limited though. The college one is amazing. It has a video of someone saying it has charts of when it peaks and trough. Then it gives you contacts from the internet and all that kind of thing. So that's a really, really good one. I hope you can come out as clear as I hope that would. Grammarists, this is a brilliant one. This is from my Kindle. It's very, very heavily corpus informed. But it's great for a new teacher or it's great for a very, very experienced teacher. This is a more linguistic one of these two here. And they were talking about lexical grammar, which I would really, really encourage people to investigate. They're good. And this series is amazing. It's the in use series from Michael McCarty, very heavily corpus informed. A little bit dry. You just got a list of like collocations here and exercises, but a bit of magic teacher dust on that, like kind of alive in it too. If you have such dust. Oh, we all have it. If you are not interested in this area, which you may not be, and you're taking away one thing, take away that book, okay? It's amazing because it's Murphy with statistics. Right? It says here, you teach and progress in class and this is what the books say. However, the books are wrong because this is the reality. What's so common it is the simple tense in spoken language or not so common the progressive and the perfect tense as are in spoken language. And either common verbs, which are state verbs, but which come for use in Geron's things of this. And it's very clearly laid out and it's for learners. It's a really, really good book. Again, it needs that kind of magic dust tonight. And then the open access sites. You're back on target. Sorry. I was looking slow off the mark there. I just kind of... Thank you. Yeah, that book's about 20 quid, I think. The open access sites, there's a big list of them there. I've been collecting them and I'll just give you an example of one. And I'll go back to remember my preferences, prosodies and things of that. So, a student found this. We're looking for the word dull. And the student found that the word dull goes with color, noise and pain, right? We just probably love to go. Now, imagine you're learning a word, just writing dull and translating it. I think that you get more of it when you do this. So there's scale. It's the premium Spotify model, right? So she put in dull and she went through all these here and she found this. And then you click on that and you get the contextual sentence. So you're seeing the context of what's going on. I think that's very, very important. And then you can click on it again and you can get synonyms here. And the one thing this doesn't do, it doesn't tell you where it's from. So I don't know if it's from a newspaper, if it's from academic language, if it's from spoken language or that. So that's why the freemium model can be kind of restrictive sometimes. And these are the more advanced kind of ones where you're analyzing a corpus yourself. So maybe, you know, if you're into this, you might be interested in these, but maybe there's something for later on for you. And there's some software for you to download. I worked with these when I was doing my thesis last year. And then, for example, the British National Corpus to go way back to what I was speaking at the beginning, the one that keeps giving during that one. For example, a word came up here in the week tall and high. What's the difference between tall and high? In context, right? It was in a book. So I put it into the British National Corpus and I said, what does it frequently collocate with? And you get the frequent collocates of tall and the frequent collocates of high. And I had to really, really, really go down to find a word that worked with both. So for learners, that was amazing. And they were like, well, but we did that on the phone in class, right? So that's great. And that's all. Thank you very much. That's my thesis.


Hi, welcome. My name is Dr. Marcy Stone and this is the practice exam review for case two of your consumer behavior course. All right, so now we're going to get to a little bit of an over organizational overview. So phones corporation or phones corp is an international manufacturer and distributor of mobile devices and related technology. They're headquartered in Seoul, South Korea as part of the Gangnam conglomerate, the world's largest information technology company, consumer electronics maker and chip maker. Their products are sold through mobile service providers located in each country or region, independent retailers as well as their company owned stores. Phones corp also sells directly to consumers and businesses through their online channels. The company sells its products through five main operating divisions as follows. The Americas, Europe and the common wealth of independent states or CIS, the Middle East and Africa, Asia excluding China and China. Phones corp has maintained the highest international market share in the overall mobile devices market. In the premium phone market, they have over three times the premium phone market share compared to their nearest competitor. Phones corp is searching for opportunities to improve its position and increase its share. Company growth over the last few years has remained steady except for in the premium phone category. The CEO is a well respected industry veteran with 30 years of experience at various companies in the industry and the last 15 years at Phones corp. Phones corp manufactures and sells in four distinct product lines as follows. We have, first we have premium smartphones. This consists of three products. You have your base, your plus and ultra. These phones feature larger screens, faster processors and advanced cameras. Then we have standard smartphones. This consists of three less advanced smartphones with smaller screens, slower processors and basic cameras. Then we have tablets and computing devices. This includes eight inch or larger tablets and with and without keyboards. And then finally we have wearables and other devices. So this consists of watches that link to smartphones and earbuds and headphones. Updated or new versions of each product are released yearly through a major launch event that is covered by the press and industry and analysts. And now we have distribution. So products are mostly sold in their company owned stores which include sales tech support and training services. They are also sold through kiosks in partner retail stores via their online store and mobile phone carriers. The products are shipped to their customers using established shipping carriers such as FedEx, UPS, DHL and local postal services. The majority of the products are delivered via standard ground shipping although they also use and offer two-day, one-day and same-day delivery when needed. Despite their marketing position as the leading phone manufacturer, sales growth has slowed in the last four years and is highly seasonal with the first quarter outpacing the rest of the quarters each year due to the new product launches that occur in that quarter. Profits have also nearly doubled over the four years with the average profit rate for each category remaining about the same for each year. The company provides its major providers with product allowances for advertising in their commercials and displays in their store. The sales distribution of the overall categories has been consistent over the last four years with premium smartphones representing 39% of total sales, standard smartphones representing 24%, tablets and computing devices representing 26% and wearables representing 11%. Each of the following cases will be based on this overview. They will assess your ability to apply the concepts of this course to the case of Phones Corp. To maintain its market leadership, the chief marketing officer or CMO has received a budget to implement a customer relationship marketing CRM program. Understanding the nature and power of consumer attitudes is crucial for the success of this initiative. Consumer researchers will need to utilize attitude models to dissect and identify specific components that influence a consumer's overall attitude toward a product or brand. By analyzing these components, Phones Corp can tailor its marketing messages and strategies to align with consumer preferences and positively influence their attitudes. The structure of marketing messages plays a pivotal role in persuasion. Understanding how different message structures impact consumer attitudes enables Phones Corp to craft messages that resonate with its target audience, which will enable them to communicate product features effectively and drive positive attitudes. Recognizing the diversity of its audience, Phones Corp needs to tailor its marketing strategies by considering whether the nature of the source or the content of the message will be more effective. For instance, the approach towards tech savvy consumers might differ from that towards older demographics, emphasizing the importance of audience characteristics in message delivery. Understanding consumer attitudes is paramount for Phones Corp in its quest to maintain market leadership and implement a successful CRM program. By leveraging this understanding of various aspects of marketing, Phones Corp can effectively influence consumer behavior and foster long-lasting customer relationships in an ever-evolving mobile device industry. Consumer decision making is a multi-stage process. By comprehending how consumers progress through these stages, Phones Corp can strategically position its products and marketing efforts to guide consumers towards selecting their products over competitors. The digital era has transformed how consumers make purchase decisions. With access to abundant online sources, Phones Corp must ensure a strong online presence, positive online reviews, and informative content to influence consumer attitudes and decisions. Online sources are now crucial touchpoints to the consumer journey. Different consumers rely on various decision rules when evaluating competing options. Some may prioritize price while others emphasize product features or brand reputation. Phones Corp can use these insights to segment its target audience effectively and customize marketing strategies accordingly. Post purchase evaluations are critical in shaping brand loyalty and future purchase behavior. Phones Corp must actively collect feedback, monitor customer satisfaction, and address any issues promptly to ensure a positive post purchase attitude. This helps in retaining existing customers and fostering repeat business. A successful CRM program encompasses various components that must be implemented to enhance customer engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty, ultimately leading to increased sales and profitability. Phones Corp can calculate customer value using different formulas such as customer lifetime value or CLV and average revenue per user. ARPU customer segmentation allows Phones Corp to categorize customers based on various dimensions such as demographics, behavior, and preferences. Data from the customer management cycle can inform acquisition strategies. By analyzing customer behavior and preferences, Phones Corp can identify potential customers with similar profiles and effectively target them through marketing campaigns. Phones Corp needs to differentiate between mass marketing and direct marketing approaches. The choice between these approaches depends on Phones Corp target audience and objectives. Okay, so now we're going to go through five of the actual questions on, so here's question one. We have consumer attitude models require the use of direct and inferred data to uncover the influences that drive overall product attitude. Why is understanding consumer attitudes crucial for Phones Corp's CRM program? So we have three possible answers. We have to create new mobile devices and services for their customers. B is to align mobile device marketing strategies with consumer preferences. And C is to reduce mobile device production costs and improve profits in all markets. And the answer here is B, to align mobile device marketing strategies with consumer preferences. So again, they want to focus really on what the consumer's needs are here and not maybe on a specific device or on production costs. They really want to focus on what is it that we need when we're trying to evaluate consumer attitudes and consumer preferences. And the learning outcome for this question is explain why it's important for consumer researchers to understand the nature and power of attitudes. All right, the next question. How does analyzing beliefs, feelings and behavioral intentions help Phones Corp tailor its marketing strategies? The possible answers here are A, it focuses on smartphone product development. B, it allows for a better understanding of consumer preferences. Or C, it helps in reducing marketing expenses and production costs. The answer here is B, it allows for a better understanding of consumer preferences. So when you're looking at things like analyzing their beliefs, their feelings, what behaviors they might have during the buying process, it is really important to look at those things when you're looking at consumer consumers, what they need, and what they want. And then the other two answers in here. So we've got it focuses on smartphone product development. It really doesn't. When you look at what are we looking at, we're looking at beliefs, we're looking at feelings, we're looking at behaviors. So we're not looking at marketing costs or production costs or product development. We're really trying to determine what are the consumer preferences. And the learning outcome for this one is assess why audience characteristics help to determine whether the nature of the source or the message itself will be relatively more effective. All right, then we have the next question. Why is the role of phones, corpse smartphone online reviews in the consumer decision making process? A, we have three possible answers. A is they dictate their online purchases. B is they can influence consumer attitudes and choices. Or C is they generally have no impact on consumer decisions. So when we're looking at online reviews can make a really big difference to a consumer. It may be one of the things that they check every time they want to see an overall rating. If it has a really low rating of maybe one or two stars out of five, they may not buy that product at all. So for B, it influences their attitudes. They're the consumer's attitudes and choices that's it's aligned. The question is aligned with that answer. It doesn't really dictate if we're looking at those the roles of those, it doesn't dictate their online purchases. It generally will have an impact on their consumer decision. And the learning outcome for this question is explain how our access to online sources is changing the way we decide what to buy. All right, next question. How can phones court benefit from understanding customer lifetime value or CLV and average revenue per user ARPU? So possible answers are A, they can improve their mobile device quality, B, they can prioritize high value mobile device customers or C, they can reduce their budget for mobile device marketing. And the answer here is B, they're prioritizing high value mobile device customers. So really when it comes down to determining, understanding who your customer lifetime value is and why, it is really important to look at what the customers want, what are the customers valuing, and then you can focus on those customers. It could be, and we don't know at this point, but it's possible that they might want to focus on their high end users that probably buy a new cell phone every year just to keep up with the latest. That might be the customer that they want to focus on. It could be the general user, if they find that the most of their customers are coming from average cell phones and maybe not the high end cell phones, then maybe they prioritize that. But it is one of those things where they have to determine who is the highest value of those and they can do that with the customer lifetime value. And then the learning outcome for this one is compare the different formulas for calculating customer value. And then the last question, so which components should phones, corp implement to enhance customer engagement and loyalty through their CRM program? And the possible answers here are A, mass marketing and product development, B, data collection and customer feedback analysis, or C, budget reductions and demographic data analysis. So the answer here is B, data collection and customer feedback analysis. So when you're trying to look at why are customers engaged or how can we, first you want to know why, but then you want to determine how can we enhance that. And why do we have loyal customers? What is it about our products or our customer service that people like? And those are the things that you would want to focus on in your research study. So we have, this one is data collection. It's what you're collecting. It's the feedback that you're getting. And then by understanding once you ask current customers that are loyal to you, once you ask them, it's using that data to enhance future customer engagement and loyalty. And the learning outcome for this one is explain how to use information from the customer management cycle to acquire better customers. All right. So in this presentation, we went through the case two overview about phones corporation. We went through five exam questions and now we are done. My name is Dr. Marcy Stone and I just wanted to say thanks for listening.


In Social Network Big Data Scheduling, it is easy for target data to conflict in the same data node. Of the different kinds of entropy measures, this paper focuses on the optimization of target entropy. This paper presents an optimized method for the scheduling of Big Data and Social Networks. This article was authored by Weina Fu, Shwailu, and Gautam Srivastava.