So, we start with review of whatever we have discussed in the last class. So, we started with application of probability in engineering, technology, non mathematical sciences like biology, physics, etcetera, etcetera. I try to give you some example that probability is not just a branch of mathematics, but it has a lot of realistic applications that we have to deal with in real life. And not only science and technology, it goes beyond that. Probability application in finance, it has application in management, it has application in almost any kind of subject and processes that you can think about. So, those are real life examples that we discussed in the beginning of the last class. Then we discussed about various kinds of uncertainty and we said that uncertainty is the primary thing why you are having a class like this. Uncertainty is kind of the primary force that leads us to study the theory of probability and how to apply the theory of probability to make proper decisions under uncertainty. So, that phrase decision under uncertainty is very, very important. You will always be given conditions like this is what is available with us. Given that information, given that data, what do you infer? So, again statistical inference, probabilistic inference, those things come into the picture. Then we discussed two different notions of probability. One is the subjectivist, where it is more like a belief of a person, what is the likelihood of some event and the other one is the frequentist, which you are going to follow mostly in this course, which goes by the method of counting based on occurrence of events. You have some hard data and you use that data, you do some counting, do some mathematical calculations and come out with the likelihood numbers. I also said that for both kinds of probabilities, the mathematics, the theorems and other things remain the same. So, whichever notion you apply, you can use the mathematics that you learn over here. Then we discussed about sample spaces, sample event, set theory and Venn diagram, which was a review for you anyway and axioms of probability. Those three axioms, I will again look back at those. So, this was the first axiom that probability of an event E lies between number 0 to number 1 and that makes sense to you. We never say the likelihood of an event is more than 100 percent or less than 0. We never say that it has a negative likelihood. That is something I cannot even imagine how it is going to be. So, this definitely makes sense. The second one, again connected to the first one is that the probability of occurrence of anything in the whole sample space. S is the sample space and we know that the sample space has all the possible outcomes. So, any outcome lying in that sample space, what is the probability of that? That is 1, 100 percent. So, that was the second and the third one, where we said that the union of various events E i from 1 to n, where these events are mutually exclusive. The E i, E j being a null set that intersection being a null set says that these two events do not have any common occurrences, no common outcomes for these two. So, if all E i and E j are like that, then the probability of the union of all these events are nothing but the summation of the probability of all these events. Those are the three axioms and they are of course, related to each other. And then we also briefly went through these probability properties. And the first one says the probability of occurrence of the complementary event E c is 1 minus the probability of occurrence of E. That also makes sense, because 1 is nothing but the probability of occurrence of the sample space S. So, E is nothing but S minus E c. So, P E c you can write as 1 minus P E. As an example, I said this one, if the outcome of an event is the sex of an unborn child, then we can write that this E the event that it is a boy and the complementary event that it is a girl. These two constitute the whole set. So, they are also mutually exclusive. So, for these two we can easily see that the event that the newborn child is a girl child is nothing but 1 minus the probability or the likelihood that the newborn child is a boy child. And you also define something like odds of an event. This is defined in that relative sense in the ratio of the probability of occurrence of an event E to the probability of occurrence of the complementary event. So, if let us say that the event E the likelihood of the event E is 0.45 and the likelihood of the event E c automatically for this one becomes 0.55, then the odds of the event E is 0.45 over 0.55. That was another extension of the probability assumes where you say that the union of two events, the probability of the union of two events is nothing but the summation of the probability of individual events minus the probability of the intersection event. Do you see that clearly? Of course, from said theory you know that that union f is E plus f minus E intersection f. But from a probabilistic sense if you extend that to the notions of outcomes of an event does it make sense to you? Can I have a yes or no? Well you know you can just respond saying yes or no. So, let us go through this example. So, we take the outcome of the event which is the experiment is what is the age of a student in this class. We cite two events over here event E says that the outcome is less than 16 year and 11 months. Event E is above 16 year and 11 months and the other event f is below 18 years. So, are these two mutually exclusive sets? No, they have something in common. So, of course, that P E f the intersection probability of that intersection is not 0 over here. So, E f is all the outcomes which range in between the 16 year, 11 months to 18 years. Now, you can see I hope you can see very easily that the E union f event what will it be? What will be the value of P E union f? Do you have any idea what will be that number P union f for this class? Will it be 1? Because that constitute that should constitute everything. May be P probability of the event a would be let us say 0.4, probability of event f will be 0.75, then probability of the intersection E f will be 0.5. You can do the math and you will get the probability of the union of E and f will be equal to 1. To simplify all these things the best way is to draw a wind diagram. So, let me try doing that. Let us say this is 16 year, 11 months and this is the 18 years. So, this thing is nothing but event E. And this is event f. Now, can you see that sentence that probability of E union f is probability of E plus probability of f minus probability of E f or E intersection f. So, let us get back. Now, we go to the definition of two types of sample spaces. Sample spaces are of two kinds discrete and continuous. Discrete sample space I try to explain that through examples.  What are the outcomes? If it is a six sided die, then the outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. You cannot have any other number. You will only have those six numbers as the outcome and these are discrete numbers which are the possible outcomes of the event. So, we call it a discrete sample space. Take the second one the number of students in first year classes over here. So, I see 102 is one class. Take any other class mathematics class or a physics class. Let us say for this class you have a population of 700 students. For the other class you have population of 650 students for the other 683 students. So, anyway these can have only whole numbers, positive whole numbers as an outcome. So, again that set will be a discrete sample space. Is the concept clear to you? It cannot have any number between 0 to infinity. No, if it could have any number between 0 to infinity then it could have included let us say square root of 2. But of course, the number of student in a class can be square root of 2. It can only be 1, 2, 3 and so on. The third example grade of a student in IC 102. Again these are discrete sample space can start from A, A, B, B, B and so on. But you cannot have see as opposed to expressing your marks as percentage. There you could have said that I have got 80.123 percent or I have got 65 percent. That would be an example of a continuous sample space. But when you are thinking in terms of grades then it is definitely a discrete sample space. So, now you also know about what the continuous sample spaces look like. And here you have two examples. So, room temperature let us say of this room, this hall at any given time in degree centigrade. So, it could be any number, any positive or negative number from minus infinity to plus infinity theoretically. So, that is the continuous sample space or the average age of IITB faculty members. Let us say the average age is at one given time it comes out to be 38 years. At another given time it could be 40 years, 1 month, 2 days and hours, minutes, seconds you can go on. So, again that is a continuous sample space because it could have any number from 0 to whatever be the lifespan of a human. So, these are two different kinds of sample spaces. We are going to use this concept later on when you discuss about different kinds of probabilistic or random distributions, log normal, log normal. I hope you are familiar with the names. So, we will see how do we deal with this different sample spaces. Then we go to the concept of equally likely outcomes. There are certain sample spaces for example, here is site one where we say that this is a sample space of equally likely outcomes. So, S is composed of these events E 1, E 2 to E n and if we know that probability of E 1 is same as the probability of E 2 is same as probability of E i to probability of E n. Then we say that S is a sample space of equally likely outcomes and we can easily compute the probability of each of this event E i as P equal to 1 over n, where n is the total number of events considered. Now, I want to I want you to see in detail of what I said over here. This theorem does it say anything about the nature of those events E 1, E 2 to E n. Other than being equally likely can you say anything else about those events E 1 to E n? Yes, can you be a little louder mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive? Can you say that for definitely over here? I want you to think out it a little bit. So, example of equally likely outcomes sample space with those is rolling of a fair or unbiased type. The term unbiased will come very often in probabilistic perspective. We also sometimes say it is random. By random we mean that there is no definite direction, there is no definite preference of one over the other. So, that is what an unbiased experiment would be. The second example is a picking of a ball out of a box with 5 red and 5 blue balls. Again these are an experiment you do not know what is there inside the box. You pick out a box, check its color and what is the event? If it is a red or a blue one is equally likely because of the number of red balls and number of blue balls that are there in that box. The basic thing that I want to emphasize over here is that for sample spaces with equally likely outcomes the primary thing that we need to do is to count the total number of outcomes that is N. If we know N, we know that the probability of each outcome is nothing but 1 over N. This sample spaces this may whatever we discussed so far may sound little bit theoretical one, but in real life also we many times see sample spaces with equally likely outcomes very common. So, can you give some example of sample spaces with equally likely outcomes?  I know those are typical examples that we always discuss in a course of probability or mathematics go beyond that. See I have tried to cite some examples in last days class trying to give you some flavor of engineering applications science application biology applications of probabilistic theories probabilistic concepts. So, can you cite something in that sense? Nothing that you can think is of a totally random in nature any thing in that direction. Use the Moodle forum for having these discussions yes cricket matches very good what is the event betting equally likely outcomes are is this side wins or the other side wins, but you will see betting odds are never 50 50. So, you can say usually it is equally likely outcome right that was a good case, but it is not necessarily a equally likely one. Let us leave that there let us go to the concept of counting because you said that for sample spaces with equally likely outcome this is what we do we just count the total number and inverse of that is the probability of each individual event. The basic principle of counting says that if r number of experiments are to be performed and if the first experiment has n 1 possible outcomes and for these if the second experiment has n 2 possible outcomes and the third one similarly has n 3 and so on then the total number of outcomes is nothing, but the multiplication of all these n 1 to n r does it make sense to you I think they should be clear it is like a matrix thing r dimensional matrix. So, the first event has n 1 outcomes. So, you think of n 1 rows let us say the second event has n 2 outcomes. So, now think of for each one of that row think of a column so, that would be n 2 number of columns. So, you have a matrix of dimensions n 1 times n 2. Now, if you have a third outcome then you will have a system with dimension n 1 times n 2 times n 3 and so on on a r dimensional space you will have the product of n 1 to n r. So, for counting we try to use the concept of the basic principle of counting and we use a lot of permutation and combination which I am sure you are very very familiar with. So, I will skip going through details of permutation and combination theories you know a lot more than probably I know and we will emphasize a little bit about the consideration of replacement and ordering. Ordering means arranging or ranking of events. Many a times you do this you know specific ranking of a number of events like when you grading the first thing you do is to rank the numbers and many a times we have to deal with problems of in how many different ways we can rank in how many different ways we can arrange a system. We will go through some examples and a lot of examples are there in the text book. So, I would request you to go through those and the next tutorial problems also discuss with similar concepts. Whenever we do sampling we go through things like if the sampling is with replacement and with ordering it could be with replacement without ordering and all combinations of these two kinds. What do I mean by replacement? Let us take the example of picking a ball out of a box.  Now, the probabilities of any event outcomes will be different if you pick the first ball and do not return it back and then pick the second do not return it back and then pick the third. That would have one probability as opposed to if you pick the first one return it back again pick another one return it back and pick another one return it back. So, this is with replacement and without replacement sampling. Similarly, you can have ordering or not ordering well you have gone through permutation. So, you would know exactly what we mean by ordering or arranging. Such examples are there a lot of these things you can find in any mathematics books. So, we will skip that part we will not go through the details we will go through simple examples. So, here we discuss about a party where a person Mr. Jones say invites his friends for dinner and four are professors and we do not distinguish between professors and cheer lawyers. The question is what is the likelihood that the first two guests are one professor and one lawyer and we do not bother about the order who comes first and who comes second. We just say that of the first two one has to be a professor and the other one has to be a lawyer. So, this is how we do the calculation. First we find out the what is the total number of outcomes we just count the total number of outcomes. So, for the first guest we have seven outcomes four plus three for the second guest because we are not replacing we have six outcomes. So, the for the first two guests the total number of outcomes as per the basic principle of counting is seven times six which is 42. Then you go to the specific cases which constitute of having one professor and one lawyer. The first case A which says the person coming first is a professor and the person second is a lawyer. What is the possibility? How many different ways it can happen like that? Number four times number three four for the professor and three for the lawyer. So, in 12 different ways you can have that and if we change the order that means if the first person who arrives is a lawyer and the second person who arrives is a professor then the total possible outcome is also three times four which is 12. So, the total possible outcome of the event that we have one professor and one lawyer is the previous one that is 12 plus this one that is 12. So, this what we have 12 plus 12 divided by the total number of outcomes which is 42. This gives you the probability that of the first two guests one is a professor and one is a lawyer. So, this is very simple simple counting techniques and this was counting without replacement and without ordering for which generic formula is n choose r. Can you guys see the formula over here at the bottom? Yes or no? I take the second example where the same person wants to arrange some books in terms of which category they fall in. So, let us say the same person has this five books or novels, three story collections and two books of others plays essays whatever and he wants to arrange them category wise and we try to find out how many different kinds of arrangements possible. By categories arrangement I mean that novels will be together, short story collections will be together and other books will be together adjacent to each other. So, we find the number of outcomes and we pick typical order let us say at the very left he puts the novels in the middle he puts the short story collections and at the very right he puts the other books. So, the order n s o will have how many different arrangements? Five factorial, three factorial and two factorial, five is the number of novels, three is the number of short story collections, two is the number of other books. So, this is one way of arranging books. The other way of arranging books would be the second one where he puts the short stories at the left in the middle he puts the other books and the right novels. Then you will have the same number of arrangements because it is again three factorial times two factorial times five factorial and so you find out in how many different ways you can put the set of novels, the set of short story collections and the set of other books.  You can have three factorial as the type of those orders n s o s n o o s n etcetera. There are three and you can permute them in three factorial different ways. So, the total number of arrangements possible would be three factorial times each. What was the likely outcome number of outcomes for each one? It was high factorial times three factorial times two factorial. So, that times the number of ways you can order them which is factorial three. So, this is the total number of arrangements possible if you arrange them category wise and if you want to find out the probability of having the novels at the very left which is the orders n s o and n o s only two orders possible which is factorial two. Then the total number of this possibility is two times that five factorial three factorial two factorial divided by the total number of outcomes which is three factorial times five factorial three factorial two factorial gives you the probability of having the novels at the very left. Instead of going through all the detail you can also say that there are three types of books I want to have one type at the very left. So, we can arrange them in two divided by factorial three instead of going to the second part which is this five factorial three factorial two factorial right. We are just thinking in terms of the order of book n s o n o s and so on two out of six. Now, you go to the third example and this you will find in any book that you pick from a set of n items a random sample of size k needs to be selected. Now you can see when you say a random sample of size k we basically consider that it is a sample space of equally likely outcomes. Now the question is what is the probability that a specific item let us say a will be a part of those k that you have sampled. And the answer is this does it make sense to you the samples that you are picking those k there has to be a specific one a in that k. That means the possibility is you are given the option of first picking one and then what are the options of having the others how many others out of n minus 1 you are choosing k minus 1. That is the number of possibilities number of outcomes of having one among the k and what is the possible number of ways that you can choose k out of n that is n choose k.  Then you discuss the concept of conditional probability are you familiar with this concept you have gone through so I will try to go through it quickly. It is written usually in this format and we call it P e given f which is nothing but the probability of occurrence of an event e given that the event f has occurred. So, there is the known information there is the condition that event f has already occurred. So, you are trying to find out what is the probability of occurrence of event e in that situation. And f has occurred implies that the sample space has been reduced to f. I will draw a Venn diagram to explain these things simply and in that f it is only the intersection e f which gives the possibility of having e also occurring given that f has occurred. So, I will shift this is what we are trying to understand through the Venn diagram this is your sample space this is e and that is f. Now, whenever we say given f that means f has occurred. So, now your sample space reduces to f whatever outcomes are there has to come from that f. So, f is the new sample space and in that sample space if e has to occur which is the area representing that this intersection.  So, this is how we express the conditional probability. So, to find out the probability that e given f that means f has occurred what is the likelihood of e occurring is to find out that we need to know these two individual probabilities probabilities of occurrence of e and of occurrence e f the intersection. Now, we come to an example dealing with this and we discuss the case of a traffic signal let us say this is intersection of two roads and the one car reaches the intersection it has three options one of going straight which we denote by event s one of turning left event l and the other is to turn right. Let us say these are the three options and these are again what kind of options mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive right. So, you say that these are three mutually exclusive events and they also constitute the sample set that means they are collectively exhaustive. And let us say we know the probabilities and it is given that the probability of going straight is double of the probability of going turning towards left and the probability of turning left is double of probability of turning right these are known information based on that we have to calculate some conditional probability. So, based on the first information based on these two we can find out individual probabilities see PR turning right has the least probability PL is double of that. So, if you put everything in terms of PR. So, PL is two PR and PS is four PR and these three probabilities summed up will be equal to one because that is the whole sample set. So, four PR plus two PR plus PR will be equal to one based on that we calculate the individual probabilities as PS is four PR by seven PR PL is two PR by seven PR PR is of course, PR by seven PR is that this calculations very simple. Now, the question is what is the possibility that a car turns left given that it is turning. So, you know that it is turning it is not going straight what is the possibility that it goes in the leftward direction. So, this is the probability we have to find out PL given L union R, L union R is of course, either goes towards left or goes towards right can they happen simultaneously no. So, you know that L union R is nothing, but L plus R. So, yeah so all this calculation I do not if you can read that, but we can simply say that this given L union R this is based on simple counting. Can you see how it can be PL over PL plus PR because when you say that the car is turning it reduce the sample space to that set L union R and we know that L union R is nothing, but PL plus PR. So, that is the total number of possible outcomes and we are finding the probability that it goes toward left. So, based on counting we can find out the solution if you can look at this if you can read this you can see that you can also find out just using simple set theory formulas without going through the counting process. And we get the same answer of 2 by 3 now we come to the concept of statistical independence which is very much related to conditional probability. So, we say that if for two events E and F we have that P of probability of E given F is probability of E and probability of F given E is of probability of F. In other words if the occurrence of E does not depend on the occurrence of F and vice versa then we say that these two are statistically independent events. I will go back. So, we say that the probability of occurrence of E which is P E is same as the probability of occurrence of E given F that F has occurred probability of E does not say anything like that. So, this means if F has occurred or not you have this probability and if F has occurred you have the same probability right. So, the occurrence of E does not depend on the occurrence or non occurrence of F and if the other way is also true then we say that those two are statistically independent events. Now, the question is does it also mean that they are mutually exclusive events no right. So, we say that what we say that mutually exclusive events are much more stricter concept that statistically independent events. If those events are mutually exclusive what would you have it would say that if F has occurred what is the likelihood of P of E occurring 0. See I will explain it again with a Venn diagram. So, for two events which are mutually exclusive then what is the probability of occurrence of E given that F has occurred. F has occurred means your sample space has reduced to this shaded area only F your outcome has to lie in that area. Now, if the outcome lies in that area F then there is no likelihood that it would be in this area E. So, for mutually exclusive once you will have this equal to 0. So, when we say mutually exclusive does it mean that they are statistically independent and the next question is the other way around when you say statistically independent do you mean they are mutually exclusive is there any relation can mutually exclusive events be statistically independent no good. And then we extend again the concept of conditional probability through this theorem of total probability. And to get there we will first go through the multiplication rule which is nothing but the extension of the previous formula that we have seen which was for E given F extension of this. So, you just take this denominator on the left hand side and this what you have the intersection of two events the likelihood of that is probability of E given F times probability of F or probability of F given E times the probability of E that is the multiplication rule. From here we go to the theorem of total probability which says that if you have events E 1 to E n which are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive does it mean that these are equally likely outcomes of a sample space yes no no ok. So, we have this mutually exclusive that means disjointed and collectively exhaustive sets of events E 1 to E n. Then for an event A in the same sample space S which is considered all these events E 1 to E n. We can write the probability of occurrence of A as it is an extension of the multiplication rule. So, you can see what it is probability of A given E 1 times probability of E 1 plus probability of A given E 2 times probability of E 2 and so on to probability of A given E n times probability of E n. Again I will use the diagrams. So, all these are very handy tool this is total probability theorem this is the sample space which is considered of let us say three events E 1, E 2 and E 3 ok. Now, we consider an event A in the same sample space. So, now these three E 1, E 2 and E 3 definitely belong to the mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive kind of events for this sample space. So, what is the probability of occurrence of A these what we are trying to find out using the total probability theorem. I can see that this is nothing, but P A E 1 plus P A E 2 plus E. So, this is A E 1 this one is A E 2 and this one is A E 3. Now, if those are the intersections then based on the multiplication rule which we considered over here. We can write the total probability theorem that the total probability of an event in a sample space of several mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events are the probability of that event given any of those event times probability of any of those E i's and the summation of that. In real life also you see many application of these kinds of events. I will go through one simple example which says we are trying to find out the likelihood of a dam overflowing. This likelihood we denote by O depends on the flood in the upstream river or the rainfall that occurs in the upstream river. The river situations can be described in three different ways and only these three disjointed events which is number one flooding denoted by F and we know the probability of flooding that is 0.3. If it remains normal the probability of remaining normal level it is 0.5 and if it is remain below normal or low flood level we say it is 0.2. See it is basically the event of flooding might be a continuous sample set, but we are breaking it up into three different regions, three different events of collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive set. If we know this and if we also know the conditional probabilities that if there is flooding in the upstream river is the likelihood of overflow of the dam which is 90 percent. If it is at the normal level at the upstream river then it is 50 percent of having flood at the dam and if the water level is low at the upstream river then the likelihood overflow is 0.1. If we know these information then we can find out the total probability that it will be overflow at the dam and using the total probability theorem we find it out. So it will be nothing but the probability of O given flooding times probability of flooding which is 0.9 times 0.3 probability of overflowing given normal flood level upstream times probability of normal flood level 0.5 times 0.5 and similarly for the low flood level. So this total information tells you the total probability that you will see an overflow at the dam given various conditions at the upstream river. So this is just a summation rule and of course you can understand that instead of considering this discrete 3 events e 1, e 2, e 3 or f n and l if we consider the events to be continuous in a continuous sample space instead of summation we will do an integration of the conditional probability times the individual probability of those events. I think that concludes today's talk. So this is what we covered we started with the review of probability properties sample space of equal likely outcomes we discussed and the counting principle and discussed examples with counting conditional probability examples of conditional probability we extended that to the multiplication rule theorem of total probability and finally the example on total probability theorem. Thanks.


Hey everybody, this is Brian. Welcome to the 49th lamp tutorial. Today we're going to be discussing inserting records. As you can see, I've got my database and I've got my tables. One of the tables is called TBL Products. In there I have a primary key, a description cost, and a date added. If we just go in here and we say alter table, you can see the types here. We have an int for the primary key, a var care 45 for the description, a double which is a number for the cost, and a date time for date added. I'm doing this just kind of to show you the nuances of adding things. So we're just going to right-click and send a SQL editor. We're going to select insert. I'm doing this to really save time so I don't have to type all this stuff out. Spend more time explaining it. Now we delete that first field because it's our primary key, the id tbl underscore products. You don't want to try to insert a primary key because it's already an auto increment field, meaning it's going to give you an error. These are on a one-to-one relationship meaning you have your column names and they must have a matching value. It's on one-to-one meaning the first one is the first one, the second one's the second one, so on and so forth. Notice how the names are in single quotes and for strings because we know that the description is a string that also needs to be in single quotes. So we're going to single quote that. We'll say name here cost. Numbers don't go into quotes so like we can say 99 cents. Date added. Now dates are tricky. Dates are an interesting one because they're not a string and they're not a number. They're a date. But in most databases you treat them as a string. So you put them in single quotes. Now there'll be another little trick to this where you have to know a special format. I'll say 2012, 24. So we've got year month day and we're just going to write a select statement just so we can see this actually work. We'll say select star from. Now real quickly what select does is it allows us to select records and actually view them and star as a wildcard means everything. So we're just going to select everything from the TBL products table in the My Store database after we have of course inserted our row here. So we'll execute this. There we go. And there is our first row. Now notice how we've got this zero zero zero zero zero zero zero. That is a timestamp. We have a date time. So it's a date and a time. So if you want the actual time you could actually get rid of that and just use a built-in function called now. And what now does is actually generates a date timestamp. So let's execute that. There it goes. Computers being funny for some reason. And here's our second row and you can see how we have a date timestamp. Now what happens if you want to do something like this? Bob's gun shop. Notice how it suddenly is complaining here. What's because of the single quote? We have to, you guessed it, escape the single quote by putting a forward slash in front of it. Now suddenly you can add this in. See, there's a single quote. If you forget to add that in, you will get an error message. That's pretty much all there is to the insert statement. It's pretty simple, pretty easy to understand. All you need to really remember when it comes to inserting is that you need to have a one-to-one relationship and the values have to be treated differently depending on what they are. For example, a string must be single quoted and you must escape single quotes. Numbers you never use a single quote. And for date times you can use a string format, meaning you use a single quote, or you can use the now function. That's all for this tutorial. Pretty simple one. Like I said, databases are not hard once you know how to use them.


Spencer we've known each other for a while we've been friends for a while and and that allows me to know that you know The Toronto sports scene as well as anybody in this city How much did that championship last year mean to the City of Toronto? Well Ryan first of all it's good to see you Thanks for dressing up for me for once And secondly, I've been fortunate enough to be in this city my whole life essentially and I was here for the 1992 and 93 back-to-back World Series championships for the Toronto Blue Jays and During that time the city went off, but you can imagine since then because it's been 27 years Technology has advanced we have so many more platforms as far as social media is concerned Instagram Facebook Twitter Something else I'm forgetting snapchat and everything like that So the excitement around this specific championship and because it was the first one ever outside of the United States period The excitement is still here in some respects You know it's amazing too because this team loses its star player from last year and Kawhi Leonard And you're thinking well they may take a serious step back, but here they are I know they've struggled a little lately, but overall they've had a terrific start to the season How has this team continued to win? Well if I can paraphrase from one of Brooklyn's own most biggest Philosophers see what I did there, and I'm gonna say you know Super Nintendo Sega Genesis When the Raptors were in their infancy they couldn't picture this and even with Kawhi gone It has allowed this team to galvanize together the youngsters to galvanize together and with Kyle Lowry And Serge Abaka going out early in the season On the same game as a matter of fact it allowed coach Nick Nurse to see what he had as far as depth And you really have to give it up to their scouting department and things like that for finding players like Terence Davis and Chris Boucher who is a Canadian and they go undrafted and yet they are performing Tremendously tremendously well, so now that the team is back together almost at full strength Nick Nurse can go into every game knowing what he has with these players Because they were so battle tested early on in the season, and we also know Pascal Siakam has continued to take strides I mean he's become a star in this league What have you seen from him in his journey first and foremost the most impressive thing to me about Pascal Siakam is Ladies and gentlemen Pascal Siakam has been playing the game of organized basketball for eight years only Yes, that's right Ryan. I said eight years normally I know you can't count that high which makes it that much more unbelievable and the sky really is the limit with this kid His talent is so raw and he's made so many strides within his first few years with the big club But having said that I want to make a huge caveat By saying the pressure on this kid right now is ridiculous because they want him to be the new Kauai And I wouldn't want to put that pressure on anybody All right Spencer terrific analysis as always. What else do you have going on right now in your world? We know your motivational speaker an actor an ambassador to the Toronto sports scene What kind of projects you got going on? Well, you mean other than classing up this pregame show for a lot Yes, you know, I try and keep myself as busy as possible Trying to impact people in a positive way with whatever medium it is that I do whether it's my motivational speaking my acting the sports stuff So I'm never not busy and I like to keep myself moving. That's why this chair has it all has a lot of mileage on it Great stuff as always Spencer. Thank you for your insight for your spirit and happy holidays my friend Happy holidays to you too and Bob, you know that you're much better looking than him and on that note.


Great to have you back on the breakfast here on Plastivier Africa now. Let's go back in history just a little bit Back in history and of course Showed you what happened on this day the 11th of August many years ago. I'm going back to 2014 and it's you know one of the days where the the world lost one of the most beautiful souls the most talented actors You know on record. It's also one of the most painful celebrity debts You know that I have you know had to you know live with and that is the death of Robin Williams Um, I think Robert Williams and sounds all time would be you know, you know top of the chart for me You know worst celebrity debts, you know ever Um, but on this day of Robin Williams committed suicide He was 63 years old and he had had a very very very interesting and beautiful career for many many years Um, you know making some of the most beautiful movies and also being a voice artist Well, you know an animator, you know for some of the Best movies ever I think um from his Ms. Doubtfire era to There's a movie that he did in Vietnam. Hello, Vietnam or something like that That was you know way back then when he just started out acting until you know much much later when he became You know a huge Hollywood star He committed suicide on this day in 2014 and It brought back conversations really about what depression Was like in you and how a lot of people could be suffering in silence and nobody knew a couple of years later We had about DJ Avicii who also committed suicide Um, you know as a result of depression um The final autopsy report, you know after he died showed that he died of Axesia due to hanging Reports where that he was found hanging by his belt In a room an examination of the his brain tissue showed suggested william suffered from diffuse lew body dementia He was regarded as one of the best comedians of all time and he instantly became global news after he he died Throughout the course of his career. He won numerous awards including academic awards for best supporting actor for his role in Goodwill hunting, which is of course also one of the best Um movies ever put um created Um, it's it's just really really sad talking about it because every time I have to remember that You know, he is and will forever be he's definitely one of my favorite actors ever Um, silo green the artist eventually did a song a couple of years after his death Title dropping williams and it was really just talking about people suffering in silence And you know the fact that you don't know much about what a person is dealing with While they're smiling, you know, while you know, they're happy, you know The same thing with richard prior and some of all the other Comedians who put a smile on the face or put a smile on the face of millions of people across the world Billions of people across the world, but inside of them.  Oh, fine. Good. Great Well, you never really know because it ought to take more Directed questioning to really find out how a person feels inside So regardless of the success that you see regardless of the smile you see, you know, it's People feel deep right and it's important for us to know that and to care more to love more Exactly because you never really know what the person's battling but the person Robin Williams fantastic actor comedian You know people really talk about one of his talents being able to just improvise and create characters and a sport for the moment It's just literally love Jumanji the 1995 film He he featured in that and as well as so many other great movies in history Too bad he passed on in the same history Now, let me go back to the year 1973 On this same history, I would say hip-hop was born. I mean, that's what the records have shown So there was this uh, jamaican He jamaican dj. His name was dj. Cool. Her He's known as the founder and the father of hip-hop. Now. What happened was that Did this dj, right? He would play music to crowds at a house party because he usually started with like house parties He would play play music at house parties and he noticed that when songs come on, you know, especially funk style of music When these songs come on, there are particular Pats of that music that come on and then the crowd just go wowed when the particular parts just come on He noticed, you know, he was able to take the time to observe the reaction of the crowd at certain parts of a song So what he did was that he began to isolate those parts of the song and he will repeat those beats And that's how he basically, you know, created his own style of hip-hop and that's how you know when you just played those repeated beats People really went wild at those parties and you know It created this cultural movement where people just come together, you know Come together in the houses and then they would just rhyme just rhyme to those beats and that's how really hip-hop was born DJ Kooher was a formidable Interesting man when like you cannot talk about the evolution of hip-hop without talking about DJ Kooher Especially how, you know, I mentioned him He was able to use those beats to figure out that this is a new style This is something else he could create and I was able to evolve it and he just changed over time People adding their own style to it people, you know, evolving rhythm lyrics regarding rap music And that's how hip-hop was born Yeah, you know, and of course this is in the 70s 1973 Yeah, eventually gave birth to, you know, the you know, Ron DMC's or the public enemy You know beastie boys You know, and whichever, you know 80s hip-hop group that you can remember, you know Ice cube and iced tea and, you know, the ones that we have today that are completely ruining hip-hop, you know You know I think that's a new style totally though I saw something about Snoop Dogg making a mockery of the new style of rap But that's that's that's like for you things would change and evolve over time. What do you like it's not? And people will coin. Oh, I'm not doing afro hip-hop Punk they coin their own genres and They have a right. I mean, I think I think it's also understanding that there is a market for it You know the market for the likes of the Wu-Tang clan and you know And that and that era may not be as much as it is today You know, they still are legends Ron DMC is still a legend, you know, this of course Snoop is still a legend There's two, you know, very very many of them that are still legends to this day But I think the market is changing the sound is changing a little bit And you know, the world has to of course the hip-hop world has to of course, you know Move with the times that we're in not everybody would accept, you know, the new age hip-hop, you know, the likes of Migos and and and the like, but you know, it is what it is It is what it is and yes, if you love hip-hop music know your history guys DJ Coolhurst, remember the name he basically developed the blueprints for hip-hop music And that's it for you on today in history. We'll take a break and return to talk Serious issues regarding Nigeria's economy. It's an issue between the courts the river state government And the federal inland revenue service. Stay with us


Hello. I will talk today about a file synchronizer, which is called Csync. It's a bi-directional file synchronizer. And the main purpose of CIS is to provide home, roaming home directories for Linux systems. So let's get an overview of what this is about. Normally what you have or what you want. Here, just an example with Windows. Assume that you have several Linux clients which are, for example, in an active directory environment. And you are working on a Linux workstation and you have a server with a share where you can put data on. And what you want is to unlock in that your data is synchronized from the server to your client. Then you work. And when you log out, the data is synchronized back so that you have a backup and have actual data if you, for example, lock into another client. I want to make sure that this is, that we don't here talk about to synchronize profiles. This is just about synchronizing files. So there is no merge of content or anything like that going on, maybe in the future. I want to make sure that you understand what the conflict is, which I will talk about it. Simply assume you have two directories. You have the same file in these two directories. You edit both files and they have different content. And if you want to synchronize these files, you have a conflict because both files have changed. And I will tell you how we will resolve this later. So let's look a little bit at the concepts. What we have now is Csync, which is a library with a simple command line client. And what Csync does is it does a synchronization in several steps or several phases. The first is that you collect metadata from your file systems. This means that you walk over a file system directory tree and collect the metadata. And then you check the metadata normally with a database. This is called update detection. After that, you do this for, for example, if you synchronize with Linux client and the server, then you do the update detection for, for, on your client and then on the server. And the next step is that you compare the metadata. So you know what you have on the client and on the server. You compare them and decide which file needs to be synchronized in which direction. And the final step is simply to copy the files, which is called propagation. So let's look at how updates are detected. Assume that you have, that you get the metadata from a file that we use the modification time to detect if a file has changed. And we have a database with, with an entry for each file we already synchronized. And then we simply compare the file or the modification file, modification time of the file with the entry in the database. If there is no entry in the database of that file, then we have a new file. If some modification time is new, then the file has changed and needs to be synchronized. If it is equal, then there are no changes. And if both files on both replicas or on the client and on the server have changed, then yeah, you have conflict. So what do we do if we detect a conflict? And this is important currently. There is only one algorithm to handle these conflicts. It is called the merge algorithm. And this algorithm doesn't need any user interaction. It is used by Microsoft for roaming profiles. The intention is not to be better than Microsoft. The reason is I've developed this especially for Samba or for Windows environments where you use Samba or a part of Samba to join a Linux client to an Active Directory domain. And if it detects a conflict, then it will use the most recent file and will override the file on the other replica. This means that it is possible that you will lose any data. But it turned out that this is working really great on Microsoft. And so that's why I implemented it in the same way so that most users who are used to it don't get confused. The plan is to support other conflict algorithms in the future, but not at the moment. So C-Sync uses doesn't have any special protocol. It uses what is already available. So protocols which are supported are, for example, S&B with S&B client from Samba to synchronize with a Windows server or you can synchronize with a Samba server which should have CIFS Unix extensions enabled or you can use, you can synchronize using SFTP which is done with Slip SSH. This is currently supported. It's wrong that this will be supported in this version. 0.43 is already out. I will release the next version next week which has been updated to use a new version of S&B. And you can use this file synchronizer to synchronize local directories, too. The difference between, for example, I think most of you know R-Sync. R-Sync is a unidirectional file synchronizer so it just synchronizes in one direction. So the purpose of it is for backups. And here you have a synchronizer which synchronizes in both directions. And you can use it for local directories, too, to keep them completely in sync. Just for some developers who are interested how Sysys is done, Sysync uses a red black tree to store all the information in memory so it is really fast, especially on update detection. And if you do reconciliation, then Sysys is completely done on the red black tree and it is really fast. And if you have a lot of files, then it can do it in less than one second normally. SQL database is used to store all the metadata you need for this synchronization. It has a virtual I.O. plug-in system to support all the protocols. Currently these are as you have seen S&B and SFTP. I haven't looked at other protocols yet, but where is this page? I haven't looked at other protocols but it would be possible to simply support them. And Sysync has been developed with unit testing framework. So if you, for example, want to create a new I.O. plug-in for the system, then you can simply run the testing framework and make sure that it works. If you want to now have roaming home directories using Sysync, then this is done in the PAM stack. There is a PAM module which is called PAM Sysync. And this PAM module does authentication management to get the password and it passes it to the session management. And this will call the file synchronizer and synchronize all the files. The problem here is that the PAM stack is really old and during file synchronization you are completely blocked during the login process. The problem is that maybe some users get confused here because they think the whole machine blocks here, but there is no possibility to give feedback on the synchronization process back to the system and to show it to the user. PAM Sysync has some features, especially it works really good with PAM Windbind. And if you use PAM Windbind, then it has a special mode that gets the information from the Active Directory server. It has Kerberos support. So if you use the SMB plug-in, it will use Kerberos for the synchronization of the credentials. It can exclude users which you don't want that they get synchronized. And I've implemented some more features to change several locations with a list there because some user requested it. And the source code is also at the same place as you can find the file synchronizer called Sysync. So I have some plans for the future, but I don't know if I will find time in the next or in this year to implement everything. So one thing which has been requested would be free IPA integration. Free IPA is an identity management like Active Directory but only for Linux. And here what I want is a way that you can define a roaming home in free IPA and free IPA has to provide a way that it can pass this directory to the PAM stack and I can use it to set up synchronization for it. If you are using already using free IPA, you can use PAM Sysync and Sysync with the SFDP protocol. You just have to set it up on every machine and there is no central possibility to change it. Then some users have requested if it would be possible to integrate a GUI support. For this I want to create a conflict algorithm. So if you want to solve a conflict there is one possibility which is the merge algorithm to always use the latest file and the correct solution would be to ask the user what he wants to do and for this you need a GUI application. It's really hard to support it with PAM because you don't have any conversation with PAM and for this you need a GUI application which uses Sysync to synchronize all the stuff. The plan would be possible to support more protocols in the future like maybe it is possible to talk to an R-Sync daemon and to differential just to synchronize diffs. Webduff would be a possibility and an own daemon which has MIME type support there which has MIME type support too to merge contents would be nice too. Some users ask if this would be possible but not at the moment and I'm thinking about a bigger picture of file synchronization but this needs a lot of work and for this you need a daemon but this would be a start to research the stuff so if you have questions we have I think two minutes left you can ask him now or grab me here at FOSSTEM and ask. There is a user guide which describes everything I've talked about it in details please take a look at it if you have further questions or ask me here. Now the plan was completely here to be that you can do everything as a user with protocols which are available and you don't need to install a special server component but I'm not sure if subversion would be suitable for that. Yeah I think we are handling here files and the best is normally to stay at the file system and yeah but maybe.


We got to focus daily. Mind state, keep me devoted. Trying to thaw like a locomotive. I got tunnel vision, I am very focused. Run you over and I'll never notice. Get it in and I'm in tune. I'm fully focused and I improve. Got determination that I include. Fire within me is infused. Keep it a hundred, we've been true. Moving so amazing with the motor vision. Cut through the drama like again soon. Hot boy, but I've been cool. First you get ready to mend too. That part is very essential. That part is very essential. Let's lounge. We're excited to hear welcome one and all two. The Titans Blitz presented by Farm Bureau Health Plans. I am Lance Smith and in for Eddie George, the one and only Mark Mariani is here. Hello, hello. The specialist. We called in the specialist. That's right. Bringing the righty from the bullpen, that's the lefty. How you doing, man? Oh my gosh, life is good. The holiday season's been great. Santa Claus was very gracious to me and my family, so. No coal. Very blessed. No coal this year. I got a new driver that I'll be testing out. So that might turn into a broken piece of metal here soon. But other than that, life is good. Very nice, very nice. Well, I'm glad your family's well.  I know he's growing so fast like a weed. Thanks for coming in, man. I appreciate it. We got to talk about this show.  And hey, just so you know, want to put this out there. This is new today. This is something very cool from the team. The Tennessee Titans this coming game Sunday will be sporting this decal on their helmet 615 strong. And you notice the six there highlighted in blue. That is a tip of the cap to the six officers who saved lives by evacuating people downtown Second Avenue, saving lives. So you can donate to this fund. TennesseeTitans.com slash 615 strong. And that money will go directly to those impacted and affected by the bombing downtown. But hats off to those officers that saved their lives. So anyway, the Titans get involved with that. And I love that we're on the decal on the helmet Sunday. It's awesome. A lot of heavy hearts, but this city, you know, has overcome a lot and one more thing. Little adversity never hurt us. And we are going to be Nashville strong. 2020's hit hit Nashville and Tennessee. Pretty tough, but hey, we're into the air. We're getting through this and we got a big game coming up which we'll talk about in a little while. But right now let's do four downs with Mark presented by Corson fire and security. Yes, we have to talk about this Packers game. Just for a few more minutes and then we're going to forget about it. Yeah, all right, all right, all right, all right. First down, first down. Slow start. And this is something that Tannhill talks about a lot that we got to come out with some energy which we didn't in this game. Hey, listen, I don't know. There was a lot of talk going into it, but I just don't think we were ready for the cold and the snow.  And we didn't get it going here. We turned the ball over. So yeah, it was a slow start. We got ourselves in a hole, tried to come back out of it.  Tannhill never got going in the run game, never got going as well. So that first few minutes is vitally important, especially for this Tennessee Titans football team. Yeah, now talk to me as a football player and playing in weather like that. We get excited. Everybody talks about, oh, a snow game.  You're from the North Pole. Yeah, well, pretty close. Yeah, that's pretty close. How hard is it to get going in those temperatures? It's very difficult. And it is a mental thing. But it's also one of those things where you can tell yourself all these things. But once that snow hits those cleats, it slows the game down a little bit. You'd be a little less physical. And everything else kind of piles up. And we weren't really ready for it. But maybe we'll see snow again here in the AFC playoffs. And we'll be ready next time. A lot of cold teams in the AFC that are leading their divisions. All right, moving down a second down. If you've destroyed your television and got another one you're watching on your second screen, they don't blame you. There were some tough calls that were hard to stomach. Joshua Kalu was not offside. Hey, we got ourselves in a hole. We're trying to climb back, trying to climb out of it. And then, boom, they call this offside's penalty on a field goal, give them the ball back. They go score. And you'll see Aaron Jones later in the highlight, clearly out of bounds. And so, again, when you're just trying to fight and scratch and claw against the number one seed in the NFC, it's tough when you got the guys in stripes also throwing more weight on your shoulder. So this was a bummer. And the next one we'll see was a bummer as well, all little things that added up against us on Sunday at Lambeau Field. I was going to ask you that. Do those little things add up mentally when you know that? How often do you, holy, this is the out of bounds run, about, hey, ref, your eyes watching his feet, and his foot is on the line? Yeah, that's your call right there. Well, at this point in the game, we had just gotten this thing to a one-score game. It was 1914. They had just gotten the ball back. So it was a critical time for our defense to get a stop. And they were there marching to maybe get points out of that. But they got 20 or 30 more yards because of that call. So again, we put ourselves in a bad situation.  And so the outcome was what it was, a 26-point deficit. Unfortunately, yeah. Moving on to third down, I promise this won't last long. But look, the lackluster defense was there. We said, going into the game, 40 might be the magic number. And it most definitely was. Our secondary was getting carved. Now, look, this is Aaron Rodgers we're talking about.  And he looked like it.  There was a lot of guys running wide open, a lot of run after the catch. And so I would have liked to see it make it more challenging. The Titans defense make it more challenging for him. AJ Dillon comes in and runs the ball for 128 yards. I mean, they did to us what we usually do to teams, which is efficiency on offense, and then ground and pound you into submission and run the clock out. And so we got a little taste of our own medicine. It wasn't too fun. Again, let's have a short memory here, move on, because we'll get another chance at these guys, hopefully, and it'll be in Tampa Bay. Let's go. Yeah, exactly. I want to play them again when it's warm, down in Florida. That's right. At the end of the year, last game of the season, final winters. Moving on, like you said with that, so fourth down, even with all of that bad that we just talked about, make God we're done talking about it, all is not lost, because it doesn't matter. It didn't matter ultimately, because the game this Sunday is all about winning the division. That's right. Something we haven't done since 2008. What? We get to go to Houston with a chance to go to the playoffs, obviously, but also win the division, be a three or four seed in the AFC playoffs. And so we have a ton at stake here in this game. We ended the season here last year, and Derek Henry set the season rushing record or was the Russian champion. Let's back to back. Yeah, exactly. Back to back. And that hasn't been done since LT did it in 0-6-0-7. That's right. It was a big time football of himmer. A lot at stake at this game. All is not lost at Lambeau. So again, pack our bags, get our identity back, and go take care of business in Houston. Did you ever have a loss like that, though, in any game, at any level that you learned more from, though? Well, I think you just take it like this. An NFC opponent at Lambeau Field in the snow, we weren't ready. They were more physical. They were faster than us.  And you got to have full 100% focus on the Houston Texans and to Sean Watson this Sunday, because this is the most pivotal point in the entire season. It's the season. It's the game. It's got to, oh, I'm excited. I can't wait. Not even a playoff game, but it is a playoff game.  With that, we'll go to break with our Geico Fast 15. Stick around. Titan's Blitz will be right back. Rogers, under pressure, rolling to his right. Fires down the middle, and it's intercepted. Intercepted by Butler. Play fake. Tandale keeping, lot of room. 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, end zone. Touchdown Titan's Finger Roll. He needs two yards to keep this game moving on. You see what you're made of when you go through something tough. And yeah, it's been a tough year. But Tennesseans are built for this. Passed down through generations. We like it that way. Tennessee Tough. All right. Blitz lounge, look at them. All got some new Titans members up in there. Look at that. Hey, welcome back to the Titans Blitz, presented by Farm Bureau Health Plans. I am Lance Smith. This is Mark Mariani, and it is halftime here on the show. And one of the coolest things about working with the Tennessee Titans is, like, yeah, I get a cool seat to watch the games, and I bleed two-tone blue. But I love working with this team that is so heavily involved in community. Heavily involved in community, completely dedicated. And I get to do very cool things sometimes that are off the gridiron. In fact, check this out.   She's had a tough year. We want to make her year and on a really bright note. Check this out. Karen Amos, how are you doing? I'm good. Yeah? I'm good, yes. A little cold out here? It's a little cold. I brought T-Rack with me. Hey. Give me a fist bump, because we are doing time with COVID. Yes.  I am. So we wanted to come by and celebrate all of our Titans fans. Especially those with the YMCA. Thank you for all that you do over there and all that you do in the community. Thank you. On behalf of the Titans, I think you would look good in this updated version. Yay. With your name on the back. Oh, my god. There you go. Thank you. Yes. How about that? This feels a little empty. Let's add to this. Tina, Tina, Tina's got something for you here. Let's bring this on in. You want to take a look at the front of this. Karen, from the Tennessee Titans, we present this check to you for $5,000. What? That's a comma. That is a comma. Why was Karen such a good choice for this random act of kindness? So one, she has a big heart. Karen has been a part of our staff team for the last few years. And she just cares so much about people. And she embodies everything that the YMCA stands for. And I know that she has gone through some things over the last couple of years. And if anyone deserves this, it's Ms. Karen. Because her heart is just so much. Thank you so much. So big. Thank you so much. Thank you. Jahari, thank you so much for setting this up. It means the world to us. Obviously it means the world to Karen. On behalf of the Titans, NFL, Volunteerism Grant, we have a little something extra to share that you didn't know about, Jahari. No, I'm like Tina and Josh. This goes for the YMCA. We're going to make things just a little bit better there, a little bit more comfortable. How about that? Well, thank you to the Northwest YMCA is obviously doing a lot in the community. Thank you for setting this up. Really appreciate it. This means so much. The Titans have done so much for our center. And the Northwest Y is just such an amazing pillar in the community. And we're just thankful for you all for just believing in the work that we do and how we do it. So from the bottom of our hearts and from our community, thank you. This is a big win. Very, very cool. Thanks to Pinnacle for making that happen, that random act of kindness. I don't get anything out of that, but just the joy of seeing that in person. And that is amazing. When you were playing for the teams, did you have moments where you had to do cool stuff in the community like that? Yeah, the Titans organization is awesome about going out in the community and helping as many people as they can. Me personally, I got to do a ton of fuel up to play 60 events, which were all about the kids. So I used to go out to all the schools in Middle Tennessee. We used to get to go play, talk about nutrition, be inactive, give me a chance to be face to face with those kids. And that's what I love the most. And you're right. You don't get much out of it, but those smiles are all it's worth. But that's what I'm saying. You get so much. And just by witnessing that. And kids look at you like a superhero. Oh my gosh. And that reaction that she just had Miss Karen right there. I mean, that's what it's all about. It makes me a little emotional. It's very cool stuff, especially in the holiday giving. Yes, season of giving. All right. Well, it's about the season of getting, talking about the playoffs coming up. We've got to talk about this game against the Texans. On the other side, stick around. Titans Blitz will be right back. Here we go. Welcome back to the Titans Blitz presented by Farm Bureau Health Plans. Lance and Mark back with you. It is the two minute warning here on the show. We happen to have the final game of the regular season on the road in Houston. And it's for all the marbles of the AFC South, the AFC South marbles. So let's break it down.  I mean, the Texans are playing. Deshaun Watson is playing. They're going at us. First key here, play Titan football. That's right. I mean, that's pretty broad. We know our identity. We're physical. We're an explosive offense. We got to get that ground game going and let Tannehill throw the ball down the field to our playmakers. AJ Brown, Corey Davis, get loose after the catch. Do what we do. Get settled back in. Like we said, after a snowy day in Lambeau, get over to Houston, fast surface, and go make some plays. Put your verbal hat on. We notoriously never win the coin toss. I mean, I think we won maybe two this whole season. You win it. And it's very in vogue to defer to the second half. Yeah. I want it right. It's trendy. I want the ball. We have the top three scoring offense in the league. Why not give the ball to the boys, let them march down the field, and put up a touchdown to start the game. I like that this week. I like taking the momentum and really just punching the Texans in the mouth from the opening whistle and send the message right out the gate. And we're built in such a way we can obviously run the ball. We have the best runner in the NFL, back to back league rushing titles. But there's a thing about you run to set up the pass. But I just think that we're built to pass the set up the run.  Is that am I wrong in thinking that? I like it. I think this offense is most dangerous when we're balanced. When we keep you on your toes, when you have no idea what's coming at you, you think Derek Henry is going to get 30 carries, and then Tana Hill is throwing the ball over your head. So our balanced attack has been working for us. And Arthur Smith has been doing a great job of keeping these defenses on their toes. That's true. I used to be able to sit on my couch and call every offensive play call before Art Smith came along. So yeah, I like what he's definitely doing there, right? Moving on to the second point here. Look, Deshaun Watson, as we said, is playing ball.  We're playing football. But you've got to neutralize a guy like that. How do you do that? That's right. Scrap the record books. And also, when this guy is on the football field, you've got to bring your A game. He can beat you in any way possible. He's running the ball here. He can throw the ball. He lights it up. He's going to the Pro Bowl again. He's one of the best quarterbacks in this league. He can single-handedly beat you. So I just think it's an 11-man defense. You've got to keep him in the pocket, take away his legs, make him throw the ball. And then he's got the ground game this year, too, with David Johnson running downhill. The big trade in the offseason, which we won't discuss tonight. But David Johnson here has been the second half of the season. He's been running downhill. So this combination is a formula for a very high, high-scoring offense, a very potent offense. So our defense has to be ready to rock and roll. Absolutely. I mean, we played this team to free football at the end. Overtime, last time we played them, it wasn't an easy game. That's right. And it's not going to be an easy game now, even though we think, obviously, we have the momentum and we have everything to play for. And they do not. It's going to be a tough football game. An interesting stat, though. I like this here. The Texans are two in seven in one score games this year. Last year, they were eight and three. So they don't win the close ones, I think we do. Anyway, we've got more to talk about on the other side. Stick around. Titans Blitz, we'll be right back. Yeah, they're loud with the Blitz. What's going on? Welcome back to the Titans Blitz, presented by Farm Real Health Plans. Lance and Mark, back with you. It is overtime here on the show.  This is the last Titans Blitz of the year, not the season, because even when the game, we come back. Last Titans Blitz of 2020, end of the year. So we put this out on Titans Twitter to see what folks were saying about their resolution. So I specifically was asking, what is your Titans resolution? Not just your New Year's resolution. What's your Titans resolution for 2021? So let's roll. Let's get to it, Mark, and see what the people said. Let's take a look at this first one. See, Mike said, I resolved to hate the Colts even more in 2021. Very nice. Stephanie said, my 2021 Titans resolution is that I will not overreact during the first preseason game. Nice. Stephanie, let's hope there is a first preseason game. Donna said, I will never take for granted a third down stop again. Nice. Neither will I. No, you're right, Donna. Jim, everybody Jim said, I resolved not to second guess our coaches. That's where they get paid, and I sit in the stadium. Very nice, Jim. I agree. Kate, I resolved to put positive vibes only into the Titans universe. Remember that games are four quarters long. Instead of panicking the first half, it's a very Titan thing, Kate. It's OK. I'll consider closing Twitter when things aren't going so well. I think that's great. You should probably close Twitter when things aren't going so well overall. Mark, Marianne, it's good to have you back on the show. Resolution for 2021. It's good to see you. I got a personal resolution. I'm trying to get back into my playing shape. You're going to see me rocking in the gym. I got to stay ready in case J-Rob calls me on a last minute notice in case they need a kicker or a punter or something like that. Yes, you're in it. He's right. And my Titans resolution is this. I demand a pass rush in 2021. And that includes the playoffs. Let's go get those quarterbacks. Baby, don't demand it. Let's do this. I want this. Hey, let's go to the Blitz Lounge real quick. We've only got 30 seconds. Show of hands, Blitz Lounge. Who had a New Year's resolution this year and kept it? Let's see it. No. Not so many hands. Not too many hands up. That's me too. Hey, my New Year's resolution. Super Bowl, baby. That's it. But out of my own control, I'm running 500 miles. That's a great goal. Hey, take it to them. Tighten up Titans, Texans this Sunday. Then playoffs, baby. Let's go. Let's do it. Tighten up. Let's get it. New Year. Come on, guys. Yeah.


I am sweating. That was actually harder than it looks. Me after doing one push-up. I'm actually sweating. It's definitely harder than it looks. What's up my beautiful babes? How are you guys doing today? So, oh my god. So much new going on right now. Like, first of all, my hair blends in with the background and I love it. This is the pink I've always wanted. It's like a silver pink. It is so pretty. I accidentally did it because, like, if you guys saw my last video where I completely ruined my hair, kind of on purpose, no, yeah, on purpose definitely. It'll be linked below by the way. If you guys didn't see that, I colored my hair accidentally like dark, dark, dark purple and it didn't come out very easily and I had to bleach it like three times to get it out and my hair kind of got fried, which I expected. It's all good.  So I ended up cutting it off and I actually really love it. So it came out really good and I'm really happy with it. I knew it would, so it's fine. I ruined it on purpose, so don't come for me. And also, I have on new merchandise. Yay! I love merchandise. It's so fun to design this stuff and I hope you guys also like it, which I think you do.  This is the It's a Look hoodie. It's limited edition though. So, you know, we already have the It's a Look t-shirt, which I'll place right here. So we decided to discontinue all of the It's a Look stuff. But first, I decided I wanted to do one more thing with it and just come out with a hoodie because I never did a hoodie in the It's a Look stuff and I love hoodies. So we did it on a premium, gorgeous hoodie that is so warm and so comfy and like so lux. It'll be up on my Fanjoy website, fanjoy.co.brad, for the next week until next Sunday, which is May 20th. So if you want the limited edition It's a Look hoodie, then get your hands on it now. It's gonna be gone in a week, so do it, girl. But also, one more thing. I'm sorry for the long intro.  You're like, skip to this part. All these comments. Skip to the beginning. Like, stop telling people to skip over my intros. It's rude.  So, because I love giveaways so much, I decided to do another one for this, for the limited edition It's a Look hoodie. I decided if you buy one of these in the next week and you DM me on Instagram with your receipt at grabandonyc, follow me on there.  And by the way, I'll be picking two people to receive one free item if they purchase one of these babies in the next week. Finally, I'm gonna be reacting to more ombre fails because that is the most popular video on my channel. And you guys really liked it and I liked it a lot too. It was really fun to make and ombre fails are the best because people have no idea what they're doing and I think it's so easy and actually not. And I'm trying to speak really fast so I can get this intro over with. So, without a second, let's get it started. Alright, so I picked out three different ombre fails to review today. I watched a little bit of them but we're gonna watch the full things together. Right now, let's start off with the YouTube channel Becksy. What's up, Becky? I made that up. I don't think her name is actually Becky but we're gonna call her Becky today. I feel like it'd be fun to call her Becky. I actually had an imaginary friend. Like, I'm not even kidding. Her name was Becky. Don't worry about it. Hello! Hi! She's so cute. Hi! She's so cute. Pink ombre. It is that it comes off of the it washes if you have it in 15 minutes. And that's what I'm gonna do. Because I just want to try it out so... Why not? Hair flip. So this is the collision arm you'd say. Oh, head and shoulders. Yes. And then I'm gonna be wearing these cups. We'll start off real good. Real strong backs. I love an ill-fitting glove. This technique though. Thank you. Who are you?  Honey, this is not how you do an ombre. No. This is gonna turn out so bad. I already know it. Just a complete fail. And we love a fail. Double hair flip. I don't have anything to say more than just like, why? At least do some research before you do this at home. Like, you know, we don't just like grab hair and just put color on it. That's not how you make an ombre. If it was that easy, girl, I'd be out of a job. Also, that'd be so fun if it was that easy. I would love my job even more. Oh, poor backs. Poor thing. And that stuff is probably nothing about any washes. I know mine did not come out of any washes. When I had pink hair, girl, that stuff would not budge. And her hair is almost as blonde as mine. So, girl, I'm worried for you. That's all I'm gonna say. I'm a little scared. And no gloves. We ditch the gloves. We don't need them. She's like, I'm too good for that. Also, just ruined her t-shirt. It's fine. This is the epitome of an angsty teen right here. Like, you know her mom's in the kitchen right now. Being like, Becky, what are you doing? And she's like, nothing, mom. And then she walks down 30 minutes later and she says a ratchet pink ombre. Literally me as a teen.  Oh, Becky's talking. Gonna dry? Yep. It's great, yeah. Did not take. It's kind of... Oh, poor thing. Kind of real messy and just... I'm not happy with it. Nope, I'm not either. So... Come back here. Nah. Not that happy with it when it turned out to. Nope. We're not happy. But I've done so much better before. I can insert. Forget Becky with the good hair. This is Becky with the bad hair. Ombre fail number one, down. Next, we have Carly Barcu Kuznirzen. Carly, that's a last name you have.  I thought my... Actually, I think my last name is longer. Well, you guys don't really know my real last name.  Mando is not my real last name. Fun fact, but it's part of my real last name. Anyways, not about me. It's about this girl, Carly. But it's about... Her name is not Carly Brad. Her name is Kayla. What am I doing? What is wrong with me? Okay. Oh, love of box type ombre. Okay, Carly. Carly asked me to dab on my hair blonde. Why? That's crazy. Okay. When I saw this box that I come out on the market, I was just like, is this real life? Are people actually buying this box? First of all, the girl in the box, her hair looks terrible. Like she got a botched ombre. And also, can we just acknowledge the fact that that box, I'm pretty sure that's cheetah print underneath where it says preference. So they're saying, like, if you use this box side, you're going to get cheetah print hair because that would be true.  This is some... They're... Yeah. So that's all I'm going to say about that. Great. Kayla. Karla. Kayla. Karla. Again, same technique. We're just putting it on those ends, girl. We're not even really thinking about it. We're just going to dose the ends in it. It's fine. That's totally how an ombre is done in Solania. Just dip the hair right in some lightener. It's not easy. Just kidding. It takes five hours. She's still going. She's been going for a while now. Oh. Oh. Oh. You see that line going through her hair? It's like, chink, chink. Oh, no. Kayla, Karla, Kanula, what did you do? It makes one of us. Oh, good. Sorry. Yeah. Well, Kayla, Karla, Kanula, you should probably get that fixed. All right. Moving on to video three. What do we have here? Shannon Turner. Shannon Turner, I could read that last, that name this time. Shanann. Shanananan. Shanunu. Shanani. Shanane. Shanunu. Shanane. Maybe. We're going to give everybody nicknames today. This is our last and final ombre video for the day. Friday night, it's time to party.  If you guys know what that's from, just leave a comment. I love you. And I don't like super bored with my hair. Me. It's Friday night. I'm super bored with my hair. I think I'm really over half a year ago. I got, like, buliage done. Buliage?  Shanunu. Your hair looks good. I don't know why you're messing with it. My plan was to, like... I got you, sister.  But, um... Good idea. I remember that I had, like, this old box of, like, the box was actually on the stairs, but, like, the garmin trees. Oh. Same thing, right? Like, hair dye. Garnier. Professional supplies. Medium. Natural blonde, I think. So basically, it's just... Babe, it's not going to lighten your hair. I'm going to dye my hair. And this box is, like, I don't know, like, nine months old. It's just been sitting in my room. So that's probably the first mistake I'm going to make.  Basically, the plan is just to, like, te...  That was the best part of the whole video. Can we do that again? Her mom's like, Honey, are you okay, man? She's like...  Me. Can I actually have, like, a proper tease? Can we acknowledge the fact that our hair is uneven? Am I roasting these people today? I'm sorry. I'm in a mood, apparently. Our hair is, like, this... Chopped. Okay. I'm really scared of, like, the dye not turning out good, because if anything, it's going to make what I have now darker. But, um... True. What I am scared of is teasing the f*** out of my hair, and then it being in a knot for the rest of my life. God. Okay, so that works. Get into the metal. The comb works. You don't need a bristly brush. Of course it comb works. Shanoonoo nega-nai. Shanae. Of course. It smells that it is left down, so that it fades. Okay, technique. I see you tech- tech- tech- I know the cosmetology. That's my guess. I'm scared that this is never gonna come out. Mabuwa? Mabuwa? She's been working this one piece of hair for, like, 10 minutes. Just one tease. Okay, so... That's a look. That's what she just said. And that's a look. Honey, it is a look. It is a lux. Shop at fanjoir.co slash brand. Me after doing one push-up. I'm actually sweating. It's definitely harder than it looks. I think I'll probably go to school like this on Monday. Yeah, totally. All right girl, get to it. Okay, now I'm just gonna. Great, honestly, I'm so confident. I don't know, I didn't even watch a tutorial. I'm just going for it. I don't know. Let me tell, I love the sub-pedal she added. Okay, because like I said, I didn't even watch a tutorial, but. Why? Why not? I feel like I'll turn out. She knew, she knew, she knew, she knew. She knows, she knows. I want to know why you didn't watch a tutorial. I can't breathe, so I think we're done. I'm gonna go and try and find out. That's what I always say when I'm working on clients. If I can't breathe, it means we're done. Safe. No, definitely isn't. That's why I have a bunch of problems. I think I should have a job. Or they'll grow. Basically dead inside. Honestly, I won't be surprised if it doesn't even lift at all. I won't either, girl. It's box hair dye that I bought for $6 about 10 months ago. So why are you doing that? Yeah, I think I bought it for less. Honestly, I feel like it might be making my hair darker. I don't remember what I was saying. That's my life. I'm pretty sure I have 880, so. 10 more minutes. Why is this girl meat? How do you do a mouth clip? That's how you do it. This isn't even about the hair color anymore. I just want to watch her. Love Sharon. You have to make that face when you do it though. Yeah. I guess I'm gonna be super disappointed with the results, but. Good guess. It's my life disappointment. Why is she not a bigger YouTuber than she is? She only has 200 subscribers. Shannon, if you see this, please keep making videos. You're great. I love you. Oh, now this is a look, Shannon. Shanunu, Shanae, Shanae, Shanae. Shannon, I love the eyeliner. I wanted to do it with the shower head. Didn't work. Clearly it didn't go as planned. Now the entire bathroom is wet. It never worked. I still don't know. And nothing happened to your hair. I still think it got darker, but we're dry. Brows are still on, honey. It's all that matters. I don't think her hair looks bad at all. I think it looks pretty good, but obviously it didn't really do much because it was a box dyed from nine months ago. Shannon, Shanae, Shanae, Shanae, Shanae. Stop doing that. When you know it's not a good idea. So those are all the videos for today. I think one thing that you can all take from this is just stop doing ombres at home. I mean, you can do a lot of things with your hair at home, but just the ombre thing, I haven't seen one video where it comes out well. They're probably out there, but it's just not a good idea. They're very complicated and just no. So thank you guys for ruining your hair for me. It was great to watch it. And today's Instagram shout out goes to Raquel. This is her Instagram name and this is what Raquel looks like. She says, your video is giving me life. I'm also a hairdresser. Love it. I've had my hair short and brown for over a year now. I wanna know what color you recommend. I have tried blonde in the past before. I would love to try a fashion color though. Raquel, queen. What I'm thinking is that you look like Kat Von D. Am I the only one who thinks that? I don't know. I just whip myself in the face, but it's fine. But you look like Kat Von D. Seriously, it's kind of freaky, but in a good way. You look great. I like the dark on your face for sure I think it really complements your skin. So I'm thinking you kind of stay with the darkness, maybe do a dark blue on top. Stunning. And then into like a kind of aqua green blue on the ends. I think it'd be so cool. Oh, I'm getting vibes from that. I feel like that would just look incredible on you and it would really come out of your skin tone and I really like the dark. So yeah, do it if you do it. I would love to see it. Good luck with it. It's gonna look amazing. So definitely give it a shot.  This new one right here at the limit. Edition one will be taken off the site on May 20th. So get your hands on it.  It's gonna just go away. It's gonna be really sad, but also like new things are in a comment. It's gonna be amazing. So it's fine.  So I'm sitting down editing this video right now and I'm like, oh my God, I didn't even do my outro. I've never forgot my outro ever. This is weird. So here it is now. Thank you guys so much for watching today. Don't forget to live your extra life and I will see you all next time. Peace.


Let's take a look at interest rates. By moving your cash into bonds, you can take advantage of market opportunity and increase your returns with very little additional risk. That provides certainty through its coupon payments and locks in that income. In an environment where equities have been fairly much flat and there's been a lot of volatility and dividend uncertainty, that provides a lot of comfort to retiree investors. The key driver for interest rates remains global quantitative easing. While the US has ceased its package, we now know that the Bank of Japan and ECB continues to increase the level of support to global markets. So you have a vast amount of money looking for a home every month on the back of that buying program. So what are central bankers doing? Central bankers are trying to keep their interest rates low on a comparative basis to offset demand for their currency and therefore for interest rates. What this chart shows is the government rate across 20 developed economies. And it really indicates the challenge that Glenn Stevens, the Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia has with Australia's interest rates standing very proudly on its own there on the right-hand side, up there close to 2%. You can see there that in areas where they're under quantitative easing programs such as Europe on the left-hand side of the chart that most interest rates there are in negative territory. The US has now begun to increase rates. 2016 has seen increased volatility and it has actually seen interest rates move in the opposite direction, moving lower while the US is continuing to prepare the investment community for higher rates. The challenge is how the US is going to continue to increase rates in an environment where the rest of the globe is moving to keep rates low. This is a challenge for the Reserve Bank of Australia and currently there is a view that you may see a further cut by the Reserve Bank of Australia to the official cash rate from 2%. The central banks held that rate very firm over recent months while we've seen continued movement lower in other global interest rates. So, time will tell.


This is stock number 11320B. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used light-duty truck headquarters. And today we are checking out this super clean 2015 Chevy Silverado Crew Cab 6.5 foot box. This truck has the 5.3 liter V8 motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluid tab been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. White Diamond Tri-coat Metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person, especially being a little bit higher mile vehicle. Definitely turn those HD qualities on because this is a really nice truck for the miles and age on it. It comes with the factory alloy rims and it comes with Fuzian 255 70R 17 tires and these tires have right around 50 to 60% of the tread left. No major scuffs or scrapes on those rims. Front fender is in nice shape. No major dents or dings. It does come with the projector lamp headlamps, the factory fog lights. And that front bumper is in really nice condition. I didn't see any dents or dings or scuffs or scrapes on it. The hood is in really nice shape as well. And you do get that chrome trim grille. Passenger side front fender is in nice condition too. No dents or dings on there. And the passenger side rim is in excellent shape too. As you go down the passenger side here, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right-hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And as we take a look at the back tires, they are about 50% as well. Frame an underbody for a hundred and thirty-some thousand mile truck. Looks really good. And note how nice the body is. Just a little bit of surface rust on that frame so really nice. The lower rockers all look really good as well. That's why we do the videos. Sometimes pictures just can't show you that stuff. Quite the way a video can. As we come around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumpers in pretty nice shape. No major dents or dings on that. Those have the backup parking sensors, the rear bumper step assist, full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, four pin, and seven pin wiring. Tailgates in pretty nice shape as well but I mean it wouldn't be a used truck but it's got just a couple little dings on that side. But that's why we do the videos once again. Locking tailgate has a shock down assist tailgate and you do get a spray and bed liner back here. That's in pretty nice condition. No major dents or dings. That tailgate shuts nice and solidly. As you go down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side, has the mud flaps on it, which keeps you lower rockers looking good, and the wheel wells all look really good on this truck as well. I didn't see any major corrosion on them. Down the rest of the side of the truck looks good as well. It does come with the power mirrors with the built-in driver's side blind spot mirror. As we take a look inside, this one has the LT1 package, which gives you the black cloth interior. There are no rips or tears on the seats. They're in pretty nice condition. You do get power driver's seat, factory floor mats throughout, auto headlamps, turned-out four-wheel drive, factory brake controller, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. And you do get tilt and telescopic steering wheel. As we hop inside the truck here, you can see that this one has 136,854. There you go. You get a digital speedometer, compass display, instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather-wrapped steering wheel, Bluetooth and information center controls on the right, cruise controls on the left, audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. Comes with the six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. Chevy MyLink system, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. And this is also where your, I believe it's got a backup camera, but that's where that shows up. Truck's got to be started, so we'll do that in just a second here. CD player, dual-climate controls, stability control, that's for your cargo lamps, and then your rear parking sensors. You do get a 12-volt power point and a 110-volt, 150-watt plug-in down there as well. Dual-glove boxes, passenger side floor mat and seat are in pretty nice shape as well. No rips or tears on that. Smells pretty clean inside this truck. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. The headliner's in nice shape, and you do get map lights up there for reading maps. On-star and SOS capabilities in that review mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. 40, 20, 40 split-bench seating in the front, and you get the full bench in back. No major rips or tears back here. Does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Fixed glass rear window with the built-in rear defrost. Factory floor mats back here. These seats do fold up for extra storage, and the carpeting is in pretty nice shape. Bottoms of the doors all look really good on this truck as well. Let's do the door jams. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Other than that hood message, everything looks good, and this is where your backup camera shows up. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, and hopefully from watching this video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 5.3-liter V8 motor. Engine bay is very clean. This thing runs super smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and chopped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. And for the age of miles, I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftones, three-quarter tons, one tons, you name it, we got it. Go to our website right there at www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash www.summitauto.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left, a link to more Chevy Silverado halftone truck videos like this one on right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website, click those, check us out. And we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2015 Chevy Silverado 1500 crew cab six and a half foot box LT1 and white diamond tricode. Thanks again for checking out the video.