community as it often is with child soldiers who commit atrocities that's a different matter if it's to sort of stop the genocide or ethnic cleansing in in in progress and then and then try to figure out who's responsible in a legal sense so is it about legal accountability so it just seems like there's so much sort of swirling and and and you know some of the reflections on accountability in a broader sense from the from the show off from the home the european holocaust i think are really interesting because i think we do focus on legal accountability very often or perhaps political accountability um but it seems like and this is back to my point i don't have it as usual as an academic i actually have a question uh this is more commentary um it just seems like there's individual accountability that we might want to think about there's sort of some forms of social accountability below an institutional threshold and then there may be collective accountability for people i think neuroberg and the tokyo trials are good examples of sort of more institutional accountability but as as people have pointed out uh like they had to make up they had to invent new terms they had to do some legal innovation in order uh to do that so i think that that shows what our first speaker said about how difficult uh accountability is and in a way it's depressing but then in another way maybe it's an opportunity uh for some innovation and creativity and thinking more broadly about accountability because i think if it's just the legal accountability question then i'm going to need to go have a strong adult beverage uh if that's all i'm thinking about because that piece is depressing but maybe there's other opportunities for accountability or at least i think many people coming up the holocaust viewed their role as to witness to what had happened so maybe witness is a form of accountability thank you pauline thank you i saw dawn's hand go up yeah i was just going to add i apologize for being late because i was teaching hobs theory of social contract and accountability to undergraduates and that i ran straight from hobs to this so pauline i'll meet you at the bar i can use several adult drinks right now um but i i i think you hit on something really really key there's these different levels of accountability and that you sort of like you know russian nesting dolls you're trying to figure out do they stack neatly do they overlap like a sloppy then diagram you know do they look like a four-year-old who's been finger pain you know and and how do you tie those together um you know if you read the memoirs from um jackson and several of the others from the nuremberg trials they were really deeply disturbed um in setting up the trials the conduct of the trials and then afterwards wrestling with these competing ideas of accountability and justice and putting things in context you know individual actions versus collective actions um and a very good friend of mine uh john than you know he made a great point once you know if you want to go after everybody after the holocaust well okay let's go for the right one well that's only 1.1 million people all right so you know which of those 1.1 million do you go after and so this this is really hard um the good news is all the really smart bright young you know undergrads that i was talking to hobs about two hours ago their heads were exploding at least as much as ours are right now and they're young and you know adept in a number of these big ideas so i i think pauling's point is absolutely spot on and it's wrestling with seeking that convergence and in alignment um that's a necessary ethical and moral requirement but it's really really hard that's not to say it's harder than the guy at the vcp okay who's you know has a split second decision to make about that vehicle but it is its own kind of fatigue and exhaustion that comes after the fact thank you very much um i'd like to throw out a question uh to add to the complexity um and by the way so far i don't see any questions in the q and a box yet but we'll give them some time my question is what happens when your culture has in a an unwritten code of revenge and one one actually i'm aware of and that's the pashtun wali which is of the pashtun code for uh essentially the taliban who are pashtuns and that unwritten code includes within it revenge as an actual social policy any anyone want to tackle that all right i guess is the resident southerner i'll take that one on so you know that that's not the only place this happens uh luckily in america we solve our problems in baseball you plank one of mine i plank one of yours um but having spent a lot of time in the middle east you know on various joy rides um yeah it's really really tough um you know when i was up in kurdistan the the curds have a different way of dealing with it in the turks and yet in some places they're you know completely intermixed um you know when we went to beirut on one of my deployments um that was a that was a difference since there uh i can tell you that talking to you know several of my jewish friends in europe who still live in europe as opposed to living in israel there's a difference between israelis and jews about what what that is what's and you know hence my opening comment what's vengeance what's justice what's just plain revenge and so it's it's really really tough and the comment i made about the jag ag you know i mean my boss turned to me and said you know what do you think don and i i'm the one who made the comment about it well okay which code of law would you like me to put in place um and there was no good answer and you know i said well look i've actually stood on hamer robbie's bridge uh you know so i've got a little time in country um and we're gonna have to think this through and getting whether it's a policymaker like dick holbrook or some young sergeant you know to be able to think through all of that to turn that into a normative performance standard that's that's really deeply deeply tough thank you anyone else yes ben i think what's important um to add to this discussion is the um increasing importance of international criminal law uh that's that's happened with beginning with the genocide convention in 1948 uh but then it was ignored for so long but since the 1990s uh and and uh i think increasingly but but slowly since then we do have a definition of genocide we do have definitions of crimes against humanity including extermination which i think doesn't get enough attention the definition of extermination different from genocide more easy to prove than genocide and and i think these definitions and the nature of international criminal law or sorry the the implementation of international criminal law is uh is increasing and uh so what what might be the case in uh individual cultures and various countries is different from international criminal law and and international criminal law can be applied and it might conflict with cultures of revenge or so on but but but many countries now have signed up to the genocide convention and the citizens or their leaders in particular are accountable to international criminal law no matter what their local cultural traditions might might be their their regimes are accountable to international criminal law that's that's progress i think in terms of accountability legal accountability it also undermines i think the concept or the criticism that accountability is just victor's justice uh which was you know used as a criticism of the post-war tribunals both in tokyo and nuremberg that it was somehow unfair to for the victors to impose accountability but when there is a worldwide acceptance or a more or less universal acceptance of international criminal legal uh measures like the genocide convention um then when those are applied it can't be just considered victor's justice it's it's a it's a legal measure which is determined to have either been contravened by the accused or not and so that undermines the criticism that it's just victor's justice and it also distinguishes the implementation of victor international criminal law from uh and and therefore the punishment of the perpetrators from some of the measures that sarah macintosh was talking about uh reparations for victims tracing of uh missing uh survivors and so on which are all very important uh and they're in some sense accountability but they're not related to the legal concepts of accountability which i think are increasingly universally uh accepted that the number of states that have now signed on to the genocide convention is is much greater and the number of cases that have been judged uh by international tribunals or even national tribunals uh they're starting to happen as well so i think that's all adding to the uh increasingly precise concept of accountability and not not to rule out other conceptions of non-legal accountability which are uh and and support for victims and reparations and so on that they're all important too could i um yeah uh so i would have the question of um what is international criminal law and i go back to a comment that uh dr teamy said that um you know pick your pick your poison or pick your uh law that you want to pull from um and and oh by the way uh i believe that the um united states is still not a signature on the um uh international uh or on the icc so uh when when you say international criminal law what are you referring to thank you right well that's a good point i think the united states should sign up to the international criminal court but uh it is a signatory to the genocide convention that was quite a struggle it didn't happen until i think 1988 which was 40 years after the un and and most other countries other countries have signed the genocide convention since the united states did so uh so the united states doesn't regard itself as currently subject to uh the punitive measures and judgment of the international criminal court but it does uh subscribe to the law of the genocide convention it does regard genocide as a crime uh it does uh in fact subscribe to uh the united nations implementing the genocide convention and punishing criminal violations of it so the united states is is part of the international jurisdiction of of international criminal law in terms of the genocide convention and and uh and the uh more uh pliable terms such as crimes against humanity and so on that it was a founding sponsor of the nuremberg tribunal and so on so the united states uh i think uh wouldn't be taking too too uh too much of a departure by by signing up to the international criminal court uh it it's presumably only not doing so in order to avoid uh criminal prosecutions of its own actions uh it would have a lot more credibility in its uh current protests and i think correct protests against other countries committing genocide if it was prepared to submit to international criminal scrutiny of its own actions but uh it does subscribe to the provisions of international criminal law which does exist and i think despite the differences in law for instance the cambodia tribunal did use french legal processes to uh which which apply in cambodian law to try the perpetrators of the cambodian genocides but that didn't mean a great deal of any particular injustice it was just using french law for the criminal proceedings rather than british or american law so there are different types of law but that doesn't mean that there either of them is is particularly unfair or or unjust so you can still pick your poison if you like but but that doesn't mean that there's any injustice involved and can i just add to that you know when lawyers are talking about what international criminal law is we're not just talking about treaty-based law which is what we've sort of been discussing here the rome statute is a treaty um the genocide convention is a treaty so that is one area in which the members of those treaties must comply but we're also talking about customary international law right so uh you know genocide as a crime has reached the level of customary international law such that if it's committed uh and i think the the icj is going to comment on this very soon in the case with the cambodia but you know such that if it's committed in the international community the the party committing genocide need not necessarily be a member of the genocide convention in order to hold them to account that's what customary international law is but there's also uh you know out of all of these bodies of ad hoc tribunals over the years there's been established case law of international criminal law and even the the international criminal court cites to that body of case law too so as you know as that case law continues to emerge this creates this sort of broad paradigm of what international criminal law is such that we need not only rely on treaties in order to hold perpetrators to account good point great question and great answers thank you anyone else want to chime in on that one if not there are some questions in the q and a box okay so let me read the first question by paul smith bear with me while i read it how does technology in warfare affect many of the ethical issues raised in today's discussions for example we are moving towards ai driven systems on unpersoned or unmanned systems like drones where the human role may be reduced vis-à-vis computers this may result in even more quote-unquote collateral damage impacts on innocent civilians as was described in afghanistan compared to entirely human-based decision chains anyone want to take that pauline go ahead i'll take that because this is we have been talking about technology in my just war class and so and i've also been attempting to write on ai and this is part of what's pushing me towards some kind of hybrid concept because i think um the the individual concept is especially with human machine teaming uh is going to be problematic and then the more that ai takes over what were formerly at least some of the human functions there's a whole debate about whether ai can be like morally responsible and all that kind of stuff and we don't need to go into that um but i do think like you know we are going to have to develop some kind of hybrid notion between individual and collective agency because it is no longer just going to be the case that we can trace x action back to x individual like they're going to be different people who have contributing factors or contributing elements into any given thing and there was a you know i forget what the satirical magazine or online thing was um this must have been like 10 years ago so whatever the earlier version of like the duffel block was and it was it was talking about how do you hold a predator and you know if a predator drone was unmanned right like you know and it was like imagining like trying an unmanned vehicle for war crimes right and it was sort of supposed to be satirical but i don't think we're that far off from from i mean to face these kinds of questions about you know is it you know who is responsible and that i think all the fussing and all the arguments about having a human in in the chain are an attempt to deal with that i don't think that's going to be enough to deal with that right so so i do think we need to start developing a range of notions of collective or pluralities of agency because i think it's going to be increasing my comment thank you laura sorry yeah no no i you earlier that's okay i forgot there's a raise hand feature but yeah no i i mean i i did some research on on the issue of lethal autonomous weapons systems over the past couple of years and of course you know we're not that far off from uh having well certainly having the capability but also uh using fully autonomous lethal weapons um in war very very soon and there have been you know expert groups that have been discussion discussing this within the conventional and certain conventional weapons and other other treaties that you know might prohibit the use of these things but it's the the idea of accountability and and i'm only speaking in terms of legal accountability here for my expertise but trying to pin down accountability for ai is hugely problematic right because who do you hold accountable and i think that you know what we're going to find is that there are different avenues for holding people accountable for ai that commit genocide or other mass atrocities and that might be all the way down to the developer level right if there is if there is some sort of culpability to be found there but more likely it's going to come up to the level of the state where state actors are involved with asking designer developers to design ai that can target religious ethical racial national groups for genocide or other types of human rights violations and and mass atrocities and so you know that uh you know certainly that goes up to the level of the state and then your pathways for accountability there would be for example the international court of justice issuing some kind of opinion on it but it obviously that is you know that is something that ethicists particularly military ethicists but also lawyers that are dealing with these these issues need to to grapple with because we're there if you know that this is warfare of the future thank you don i saw your hand go up and let me just mention real quick i should have mentioned it earlier sorry about that dr azim ibrahim had to leave early and that's why we don't see him in the gallery so sorry about that don go ahead no i was just going to make the comment there wasn't much ai involved in rwanda um you know so we probably need to keep our eye on the ball that that being said so i do a lot of work with ai um in my day job at the naval work college and there are a whole bunch of different issues there one of which is you know i call it rspl range speed precision lethality the rspl factors of modern weapons are starting to compress decision cycles and and here's the way you can think of it um part of the reason jfk was so upset about cuba is that by putting missiles in cuba his decision time went from probably 90 minutes to 30 months so we get the missiles out of cuba once the soviets could put subs off the virginia capes with cruise missiles in the early 80s the decision window went back down to about 30 minutes okay um with hypersonics you might be down to seven minutes okay with a space-based weapon system you might be down to 30 seconds with hyper okay and with a cyber weapon you could be down to milliseconds so if your competitor is push is accelerating the decision cycle you you've now got some ethical and moral decisions to make that are really really hard okay do i race to the top and be faster and take some risk okay or do i wait to get punched first okay and then hopefully i still have systems that work and i can punch back um so with i i don't think you have to worry about so much about ai and mass killings genocide like livens you are going to have to worry about it with collateral damage um just because people are going to be forced to make decisions fast all right and like you heard ben say you know when it's a unstructured event and you're trying to get some fire on a target okay um if for no other reason than to preserve the life of your own force if you can get some ai to help you do that faster um it's going to be really hard to ignore the siren song or something that helps you be faster and deadlier so i mean there's there's a tremendous amount to unpack here from very very precise desired effects to large-scale effects um and i thought the comment about hey you know maybe we have to go after the coders who wrote the code you know wow that that's all that's almost like my example so do we go after the whole reichmann um there's a lot to really think about there and i'm too old for this but maybe one of my children will become like you know um an ai ethics lawyer and then spend his or her career dealing with this because there's there's a whole career field open for the next deck several decades i should think excellent anyone else want to chime in on that one we do have more questions coming in okay so i'll move on to the next question it's by ryan arvizu i hope i pronounced that correctly with war crimes perpetrated by state actors and their militaries how do civil civil military relations and civilian oversight of the military affect both legal and moral accountability regarding those crimes and also how does civilian oversight of the military affect individual versus collective accountability anyone want to take that civil relations i guess um uh go ahead ben sorry i didn't see your hand go up well i was just going to say that um in the cases i discussed the leadership uh at the political civilian level uh made the decisions uh the military forces that were involved were were implementing decisions uh made uh at the civilian level and uh although uh i think they had some autonomy i think it's quite clear that the uh some of the statements in the orders given by the civilian and political leaderships were were criminal if not genocidal statements like everything that flies on everything that moves uh could be interpreted as a genocidal order and i think that the uh importance of leadership in cases of genocide should never be underestimated i think it has been sometimes in the in the cambodian case there uh perhaps this is a parallel argument to the a i argument we've just been discussing uh where some scholars have talked about the responsibility for the cambodian genocides and the mass murders that took place really being a result of the nature of cambodian society at least as it emerged from the from the war in 1975 and that two people at the top pol pot and yang siri or pol pot and new and cheer couldn't have been responsible for what happened it was more like something that grew out of the nature of of history and cambodian society and so on i think that's a vast exaggeration uh or a vast diminution of the responsibility not just of two people but of a number of people who were in leadership positions i think it's it's a pity that the tribunal in cambodia was only able to try a small number of people partly because pol pot was dead partly because the cambodian government wanted to limit the number of cases and and partly because there were a huge number of people who could have been tried and that would have made social chaos but there should have been many more people tried and there are still some cases that still could be live but the tribunal doesn't look as if it will be able to pursue them so so leadership is is is more than just a couple of people but it's it's it's much wider than that but it's usually at the political level although i would say in the cambodian case again it was a couple of military commanders the chief of the armed forces and the deputy chief were absolutely criminally involved in the in the mass murders and so there's a there's a perhaps a parallel case with with cambodia with analogizing ai with cambodian society and blaming the society for the mass murders in a similar way to what might be in the future blaming ai i think that the in the future it's going to be the political leaders who make the decisions to implement ai and weaponize it they're the ones who should be held responsible and and perhaps the ones who who authorize the the the development of such weapons as well but leadership is is the key you can't just say that the leaders were incapable in these cases and that has been said in the cambodian case and i think it's quite wrong but i was about to say you've given me the idea for another conference theme and that's genocidal leadership so thank you for that alline i saw you were going to respond as well um i'll see i thought don had his hand up so i'm happy to see to don if you want to jump okay sure don well i was just going to give a real world example where um when we planted the invasion of iraq initially there was to be no debathification and then when bremer came general order number one was no booze which yeah that's really good from morale um but then general order number two was you know now commence massive debathification and so we were really caught off the back foot as planners so part of what we did is we started using biometrics and it never occurred to me until right now listening to this discussion the fact that we could biometric people and put them into massive databases and then use ai to troll those databases and then start running missions based on what we thought we knew from the ai scrub of those databases it's not exactly blade runner but you can see where a policy change reinforced by certain kinds of you know deep data diving and technology can really change the way things actually get done so i don't i don't have a real good answer but i'm i'm very thankful that all of you just made me think about how we did this um and part of it was done probably faster than we would have liked because there was such a radical departure from what had been approved as the strategy and the campaign plan for going into country so um yeah again there's just a whole lot to really think through what is ai you've got narrow ai you've got general ai you've got hmt i mean there's just a whole bunch of different things that come into this um that are really interesting to consider uh and will probably keep me awake for at least the next couple of nights as i try to tease this out thank you anyone else want to chime in on that one okay i'll read the next question it's from andrea cameron how do you think climate change and climate related migration will connect with the potential for genocide and holding people accountable for genocide okay go ahead laura okay so yeah i mean i think this is um certainly a driver of genocides that are you know happening in this decade and in the future um looking at yemen just as an example uh there was water scarcity before the war even broke out when you have countries that are already um in situations where they have a lack of natural resources water food um and other things that are driven by climate change um you already have the the preconditions for uh for ethnic conflicts uh as well as other types of human rights violations um in turn to where people are effectively um competing for those resources so i think that you know the more that climate change begins to drastically change the ways in which people are living the greater chances we're going to see for for genocide and ethnic cleansing and other types of of mass atrocities of that type thank you holly um yeah i agree with with all that i think some of it's going to be resources but i also um think that to the degree climate change is going to precipitate certain kinds of crises like flooding or or something like that fires that kind of thing so you have that piece but i also think you know andre did mention you know climate rooted climate change based migration so as migration patterns change um or as there's pressure put on those natural resources i mean i think that will precipitate and i think i mean i know a lot of the discussion has been around state actors right i'm i'm a lot more worried about non-state actors who may be alive with some state actors or who may be used by the state actors so the state actors have uh plausible uh plausible deniability say oh what we didn't have to do you know is this crazy like that crazy group and you know we don't control them i think there's a lot more potential for those kinds of groups to make mischief and to cause crises or have climate change like precipitate events that then can be used especially with vulnerable groups where the vulnerable group is used as a scapegoat and this is something that we've seen in lots of historical contexts where there actually is a legitimate crisis but what happens is that a particular group is made uh the scapegoat for that right and so people are looking for someone to blame they're looking for a vulnerable group perhaps to take their land or uh to move them off the land or to uh restrict their rights to certain kinds of things i mean even in our own country the conflicts with with natives and first peoples right and and and rights to water and rights to forests and all those kinds of things i think those kinds of conflicts are going to create the backdrop for lots of uh mischief and especially mischief related to what laura was talking about mischief related to food and food insecurity and water because those are super basic things that people have to have and so and we we saw this you know in places like you know somalia and we see in yemen where different actors aren't stupid and they know that that's a lever right they know that that's a route to power or that's a route to control and so of course they're going to try to you know make mischief in the midst of a famine or a flood or some kind of you know humanitarian um you know crisis i mean we see what happens even in our own country when you have a massive hurricane in louisian or wherever a massive snowstorm and and and that's challenging enough in our own context much less in context where you know the deprivation could be much more immediate and much more catastrophic so yeah i think that's a real danger i think um our students you know and all of us should be thinking about that as a that's a strategic question right so we need to be thinking about how we're constructing our strategy and our national policies to think about those kinds of questions i'm a big fan of stoic pre rehearsal like um when they happen super bad time to be thinking about it like we need to be thinking about it now absolutely i do remember not long ago that when isis in iraq was threatening to bomb dams there and that was uh everyone was kind of you know on the edge of their seat about is this going to happen or not who's going to be able to control this who's going to be able to prevent it so i'm also very worried about non-state actors ben i saw your hand up yes i think that this has all been very well put by the the three of you um we're talking about causes of genocide or causes of mass murder and i find it helpful to talk about the difference between long-term causes and immediate causes what you've been talking about the long-term causes and the question was talking about the connection between the long-term causes and the immediate causes causes like climate change or climate disasters and poverty war political instability or economic crisis the the long-term causes of genocide but the immediate causes are still required in order to to start the genocide to spark it and those immediate causes are the sorts of groups which correctly are could be state or non-state groups that that have certain proclivities that want to actually give the orders to their followers to start a genocide to make use of these long-term causes to to profit from them and recruit supporters and launch a genocidal campaign and so what we have to look out for in advance of these developments is groups that have ethnic conflict in their in their makeup that want to create an ethnic conflict out of out of a climate crisis or or out of a political crisis or a poverty situation that drives people to look for other solutions and they want they want to invent so you're looking for groups that either or usually all have all four of these categories characteristics the racist territorially expansionist have a view of a long lost past that they want to recreate what I call a cult of antiquity and that's usually an agrarian past it's not it's an anti-modern view that that focuses on recreating an ideal agrarian society even in some cases like ISIS they want to go back to the 12th century vision of what they thought a muslim society should be and so if you find groups insurgent groups or others that that want that have all these characteristics or even just three or two of the four of them they need to be to be watched especially if they can capitalize on the long-term causes of genocide that that might appear thank you anyone else on this topic I do not know of anyone in particular who would like to speak but we are we have gone through all of the questions that came in in the q&a box which means I can ask you more questions so there is one thing along the track of the the discussion on non-state actors there are a lot of atrocities by organized criminal networks including drug cartels and other non-state actors like ISIS Al Qaeda Taliban who are now becoming state actor and a whole host of others that can be considered non-state actors and or terrorist organizations how do you see or do you see any means of bringing them to account particularly for things like what drug cartels in Mexico for example have done they they have rendered many countless civilians disappeared or killed outright tortured all kinds of crimes against humanity at the hands of drug cartels but also other organized criminal networks and non-state actor groups so tell let's talk about a little bit about that that aspect of accountability and whether or not it's something governments and legal frameworks should be pursuing more aggressively or are we so far behind in even just bringing state actors into the fold of accountability that that's something long-term what are your thoughts on that who wants to tackle that go ahead Laura so I think I mean I think there already are some options for holding members of drug cartels accountable like for example within the inter-american court of human rights and the convention on human rights certainly enforced disappearances fall under the declaration of the rights of man and similar treaties and violations of customary international law can be brought in the American inter-american court but also you know matters related to human rights violations against migrants coming into Europe same thing with the European Court of Human Rights so I think that there are mechanisms there for it and you know those but we we have to continue to actually support these these bodies right because so for example the United States and Venezuela interestingly enough don't want to be a part of the inter-american court and convention on human rights for reasons you know your guess is as good as mine so you know it does it does take support particularly by superpowers who like the United States that would have a lot to lose if they were to subject themselves to to international criminal courts to actually stand up and support those mechanisms not just for other countries or other state actors non-state actors etc but even for themselves that's the first thing another thing is that we so when you think about the genocide convention and the Geneva conventions and all of these other treaty-based sources of law when they were written they were directed towards state actors they were not directed towards non-state actors and so there has been some discussion about this particularly among the UN special advisor on the right to life Philip Alston and others to talk about how we might amend those treaties those sources of law to be able to account for non-state actors like ISIS and making sure that we can hold them to account as well so there has to be you know those types of collective movements to to progress the law and into the century we're in instead of you know looking back to the things the way things were in 1948. Thank you Laura anyone else any questions you want to ask each other if not I will bring the conference to the to close I know it's been a long day and you all have been very patient and also thank you for your participation and earlier we had Dr. Azim Ibrahim want to thank him and acknowledge him as well as Sarah McIntosh and also the admiral for taking the time in her very busy schedule for recording the opening remarks and we look forward to next year's fifth annual genocide conference I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart for all of your hard work and the time you've put into this for making this a very successful conference and I look forward to seeing you again hopefully down the road in future participation in future conferences I also want to thank a general poster from the bottom of my heart again for agreeing to do a more live opening remarks for us so thank you and we're very very appreciative so with that let me bring this to a close and remind everyone that this has been recorded and I will send out the link of the recording when it's prepared it's going to take a few days so please be patient on that and thank you again please keep going with your hard work on this very very important topic and I'll very likely tap you again next year all right so thank you have a wonderful weekend and hopefully see you next year goodbye everyone


Internal revenue service IRS, tax news. Tax payers should include financial safety and their disaster preparedness plans. And obviously we could just look to the IRS and the government for good examples on how to do this. For example, in the event of a financial disaster, you first look for ways to take money from your neighbors.  Warning. Printing money may inflate the currency resulting in higher prices and outside pressure to stop doing it. But you can get away with it for a good long while. And once the gig is up, there's always some poor sucker you can blame for the inflationary problems you caused. For example, check this excuse out. The fact that there has been more rain this year has resulted in more overall moisture in the sky, which inflated the paper dollars. Obviously, the weather is outside of anybody's control. Yes, global warming, along with big oil price gouging has struck again. You see how this works? And then you move on to phase two to get more money out of people now that you had to turn the printing press off for a little while at least. The only way we could fix this problem, people, you know the one caused by the rain and the moisture which inflated the dollars, which we had absolutely no control over. But we're going to fix it now. The only way we could fix that is to wait for it, wait for it, increase taxes. But wait a second, you might hear from some people. Wouldn't increasing oil production and refining result in lower energy costs and less dependence on outside sources? When you hear people saying stuff like this, you just aggressively shut them down generally by creating some kind of straw man.   Your Twitter status has been degraded from full twit to baby twit, who may now only receive subsidence from regurgitated worms puked out of the mouths of government approved and sponsored twits tweeting twiddle. IRS tax tip 2022-80 May 24th, 2022 after a natural disaster, personal financial insurance, medical and other records can be vital to starting the recovery process. Here are some things taxpayers can do to help protect their financial safety in a disaster situation, update emergency plans. We should have our emergency plans and obviously the emergency plans may differ depending on where we are in the country and the different types of emergencies that might be more likely to be arising. A disaster can strike at any time. Personal and business situations are constantly evolving, so taxpayers should review their emergency plans annually. So clearly the emergency plans are something that you don't do like all the time, so you do them periodically. So it might be some time before you get back to reviewing your emergency plans. You might want to set them up as kind of an annual review type of process or something like that. Create electronic copies of documents. Taxpayers should keep documents in a safe place. So that rain when the rain happens and the storms and stuff that not only inflates paper dollars, it could it could cause other paper stuff to get inflated and blowing around and like you know the ink smears. So you can save them electronically, possibly somewhere electronically, not in the actual home, but maybe on the cloud as long as you can get us if you feel secure to save it somewhere on the cloud, for example, because then if there's some problem in a particular location, you've got the documentation that's saved outside of that location. So this includes bank statements, tax returns and insurance policies. Now a lot of this stuff, the bank statements and that kind of stuff, hopefully the bank itself will have some information on it. So if there was some big disaster, you would have the bank statements, which are becoming more electronic and so forth in and of themselves. But if you were to do the bookkeeping or save the bank statements, do the bookkeeping with them, bank reconciliations, that kind of stuff, you obviously might want to save them then somewhere with a backup, possibly on your computer, possibly and or a backup that maybe is outside of or on the cloud. This is especially easy now since many financial institutions provide statements and documents electronically. So it is getting a lot easier. The IRS is even the IRS is doing more stuff like that. So it's getting easier. If original documents are available only on paper, taxpayers can use a scanner and save them on a USB flash drive or in the cloud document valuables. So documenting valuables by taking pictures or videoing them before disaster strikes makes it easier to claim insurance and tax benefits if necessary. So obviously if we were to try to claim insurance that we have like homeowners insurance or renters insurance or something like that, it's a lot easier to do that if we have a list of the things that were there, which you would think that you can kind of recall pretty easily, but it does get quite complicated, especially after a disaster to remember that stuff. And then of course you need to approve the stuff to the insurance companies, which would be best to do if you had actual pictures and video of them. So irs.gov has a disaster lost workbook. There's a workbook for you here that you could check a look at that can help taxpayers compile a room by room list of belongings, understand tax relief is available in disaster situations, information on disaster assistance and emergency relief for individuals and businesses is available on irs.gov irs.gov the for victory over tax questions. There's a link to that here. Taxpayers should also review publication 547 casualty disaster and thefts. There's a link to that taxpayers who live in a federally declared disaster area can visit around the nation. There's a link to that on irs.gov irs.gov and click on their state to review the available disaster tax relief. So those who live in counties qualifying for disaster relief receive automatic filing and payment extension for many currently due tax forms and don't need to contact the agency to get relief. So the irs is gracious enough in many situations if you've suffered catastrophic loss, sometimes they'll extend the deadlines on your on your taxes a little bit. So you got that going for you. So people with disaster related questions can call the irs at<PHONE_NUMBER><PHONE_NUMBER> to speak with an irs specialist trained to handle disaster issues. They can request copies of previously filed tax returns and attachments by filing form 4506 order transcripts showing most aligned items through git transcripts on irs.gov or call<PHONE_NUMBER> for transcripts. Now some of that stuff you can also possibly do through the irs website and more and more like with the banks many people are doing the online banking now you would think that the irs is and I think they are attempting to get more up to date they stopped the facial recognition thing for now I think because the banks don't need that so kind of felt like the irs is trying to rule the world by scanning your whole body's DNA into the I'm saying it was for security reasons or something no they stopped that for now there's they don't need the tattoo in your head or like the chip or anything but so you should they should get more stuff on online and obviously if you lose your paperwork if it gets bloated and inflated in the storm or something like that you might be able to go online and pick up some of the transcripts and the documentation which can help you to kind of reconstruct at least the information that you use to create the the taxes so that's a it's a really nice place to start to reconstruct certain things so more information can be found at the links below there's a publication 584b business casually disaster and theft loss workbook there's a link to that and there'll be a link to this in the description


Hey everybody, welcome back to magic orthodoxy. My name is David and this is the magic review Hey today, we're gonna look at vise from Jeff praise and Murphy's magic. What is vise? basically Jeff has created a little trick with lifesavers and He's able to take a lifesaver squish it up and down and then when he hands it out It remains in a squished form spectator can even eat it and prove that it was actually a real lifesaver You want to see what it looks like? This is it Just watch them and don't take your eyes off the mint right because I if I kind of just squeeze This is a weird thing if I squeeze them in You can actually see it start to bend kind of it Wait requires the other until you just squeeze it like this and then it you can harden it back up You take the minute make sure it's actually hard men. That's hard sugar now You you wanted a man right you can try it if you want Minty right So this trick is not only easy to do it has good angles But after that insanely visual moment where you squish the lifesaver one of my favorite aspects is that you hand out that squished mint The spectator looks at it for a second and when they realize it's a real edible mint. They absolutely freak out That's because your superpowers not that melting sugar Boom fresh new and also tasty So we squish so much magic into this Yeah, it's squished like the you squish the lifesaver We all know what our audience want they want strong powerful magic and magic with lifesavers and now we can finally deliver Seriously though who writes these lines? It's a really fun trick with a lifesaver man. It's candy All right, so that was Jeff praise you might remember we did two other reviews for him We did the in your wallet and the search engine pen So a couple questions we always ask about all of our magic reviews and the first of which is what is in the box What's in the box you get a really big box like I showed you it's a really it's a really big box Inside that box you're gonna get fake mints Okay, gimmicks gaff mints You're gonna get real mints. Okay, and you're gonna get a fake lifesaver roll that you can build Okay, so it'll either Come with the lifesaver pre-printed logo or you can download the PDF and make your own Lifesaver roll or if lifesavers aren't in your country You can do polo which they're very similar to lifesavers. Is it what I thought? I really had no idea what to think with this Because I think what Jeff praises done is he's made something very creative So I don't think your mind would obviously go to this to begin with Unless you are just thinking. Okay, what would be the most basic Thing that this could be and I assume well, I guess and then it probably would be what you think But I think combined with his very creative gas and then with his presentation I think you're getting a really cute very creative effect. How are the angles the angles on this are really good I would argue that you could probably do this Surrounded with no issues All of the dirty work takes place very fast and through slights that most of us know so I don't think you really have Too many angle issues for this can it be inspected? Absolutely, and I think this is Jeff's whole point is that it can be inspected You show the lifesaver you squished up and down and then in its squished form You hand it out and the spectator can see click click click It is a real lifesaver and they can pop it in their mouth and eat it and verify that it's a real lifesaver So they eat The proof so the proof is in the pudding or the lifesaver as we say What's the overall quality and production value of the video? It's made by Murphy's magic. So it's great Murphy's magic really knows how to make really good videos. So you're getting multiple shots You get a very nice non-distracting background Non-distracting music very well edited the video itself is 43 minutes long. So you're getting a ton of Footage in the teaching portion.  So there are those two portions So yes, there are some arts and crafts nothing that has to do with the mince. Okay, nothing that has to do with food items But it has to do with you building the lifesaver roll And so that'll be something that you'll have to do and it's all the standard equipment that you always see when Somebody starts breaking something out and saying you have to build it. So it's all those same kind of tools Things that you've got lying around the house for sure is a product well made. These are real Mints like when you look at these gaffed mince that he's made They look incredibly real side by side The gimmick meant with a real lifesaver You will be able to tell the difference But only you'll be able to tell the difference because you know what you're looking for Your lay person won't be able to look at your gaffed mitts and say hey those aren't real That won't take that won't happen. Okay, so how much practice does this trick require? This trick is mostly loads and transfers. Okay, it's mostly loads false transfers When I was thinking about this and watching it. I had this like epiphany And I and I firmly believe this This trick is a sponge ball routine with mince That's what it is.   I mean granted holding one. You're not thinking oh, this is gimmicked I mean, they're never going to think that your sponge ball is something's how you know magical But it's just not an object.    How much setup and reset is there? Like I said at the beginning, there's a bunch of setup that's arts and crafts So but once you get that done, you never have to do it again The reset though for this trick is is is seconds. All right. So what are the positives to this? Vice is a great opener for the strolling restaurant magician or street performer and as an extra bonus It's delicious. All right. So one of the negatives, you know, like we say here, there's negatives to everything These are just the negatives that I see. They don't have to be the negatives that you see There was a notation in the write-up and even in the video where jeff says that You can get refills for the mints because obviously You're getting the real mints, but then you hand them out. They eat them. So you're this is a consumable trick You will run out of mints. Okay. So both in the write-up and the video. He says refills are available I never saw where they were available. So maybe that's coming out later. I don't know Is it worth your money? It's 30 bucks 30 dollars. And like I said, you're just getting mints and the Tube and then the video. So on the one hand, it is It is right, you know, it's right in the ballpark. It's affordable. However, like I said earlier, it's a consumable trick So this is not a trick. You'll be able to do again and again and again You're really only only going to be able to do this 30 times I think is what it was and then you'll have to purchase more mints So just know that going in that this is a trick that is consumed You will have to make additional purchases if you like this effect and want to keep doing it Who would like this? Like I said, it's perfect for the restaurant magician because I mean people just ate. Hey, you want to mint? Bam trick Uh, it's perfect for walk around perfect for street magic or people that just like new creative types of tricks All right, so that is my review for vice from jeff praise and murphy's magic I want to thank murphy's magic for allowing me to have this trick so that I can review it for you And if you want to purchase it for yourself, you can find it at one of your favorite murphy's magic retailers. Thanks. Bye


Hello and welcome to the session. Let us understand the following problem. Prove that cos inverse 4 by 5 plus cos inverse 12 by 13 is equal to cos inverse 33 by 65, like the formula that we will be using in the problem. Cos inverse x plus cos inverse y is equal to cos inverse xy minus under root 1 minus x square under root 1 minus y square minus 1 is less than x, y is less than equal to 1 and plus y is greater than equal to 0. And cos inverse of xy minus under root 1 minus x square into under root 1 minus y square if minus 1 is less than equal to x, y is less than equal to 1 and x plus y is less than equal to 0. This is our key idea to the problem. Now let us write the solution. We will be using the formula cos inverse x plus cos inverse y is equal to cos inverse of xy minus under root 1 minus x square into 1 minus y square since minus 1 is less than x, y is less than equal to 1 and x plus y is greater than equal to 0. Where let us take x is equal to 4.5 and y is equal to 12 by 13. Therefore cos inverse of 4 by 5 plus cos inverse of 12 by 13 is equal to cos inverse of 4 by 5 into 12 by 13 minus under root 1 minus 4 by 5 the whole square into under root 1 minus 12 by 13 the whole square which is equal to cos inverse 48 by 65 minus 3 by 5 into 5 by which is equal to cos inverse of 48 by 65 minus 15 by 65 which is equal to cos inverse of 33 by 65 which is equal to RHS inverse of 4 by 5 plus cos inverse of 12 by 13 is equal to cos inverse of 33 by 65.


Hello, everyone. My name is Corey. I am a software engineer at Morantis and a maintainer on the Mobi project, the upstream for the Docker engine. Today, I'll be sharing one technique we used to make some Docker container operations faster and less resource intensive on Linux and explain how you could use the same techniques in your own Go programs. I'd like to start with a motivating example, increasing the limit on how many container image layers can be mounted. Mobi typically uses the overlay file system to compose the layers of a container image. When mounting an overlay FS, the source argument is ignored and the source directory paths are passed in through the mount options. There is no hard limit on the number of layers in an OCI image, but how many layers can we mount at a time with overlay FS? Well, file system-specific mount options are passed into the mount system called through that data argument. Note how there is no argument for the size of the data. How then does the kernel know how much data to copy in the kernel space? While overlay FS, in particular, expects data to be a null termated string, the Linux ABI doesn't actually require that it be one. And besides, even if it did, the kernel can't just trust that user space is passing a valid string of a reasonably small length. So in actuality, the kernel copies one page of data, which in practice is four kilobytes. Taking into account the null terminator, we have 4,095 bytes of options, which, you know, for a traditional file system where you've got, like, options like no exec, that's fine, but that's pretty restrictive for overlay FS. There is a new set of file system creation context syscalls, new in Linux 5.2, which lifts its limitation. Unfortunately, we still have to support older kernels for now. So we're stuck with the mount syscall and its limitations. One way to increase the number of layers we can squeeze into one mount option string is to reduce the redundancy. So the directory paths in those mount options can be made relative to the process's current working directory, so we can change our working directory to the common prefix and squeeze a few more layers in. Now, changing the working directory temporarily is just fine in a single threaded process, but DockerD is multi-threaded. And the current working directory is global state shared by all threads, so changing it would affect every open call and every other thread until it's changed back, and if two threads tried to concurrently mount container file systems, they would collide. Now, the Moby project historically took the approach of starting itself as a child process and then the child which changes working directory and mount an exit. Now, starting a whole new go process from scratch dominates the time to issue the mount syscall, and we have to deal with moving data and results across a process boundary. There's got to be a better way. Let's first dig a bit deeper into how processes are started. Launching a new program as a sub-process is a multi-step procedure. First, you call fork, which duplicates the calling thread in a copy of its memory space. Now, forking is fairly cheap on Linux because memory has copygone right. Next, the child process sets up the execution context, such as change in the current working directory. And finally, the child will call execve to replace itself with the new program. Well, the child process doesn't have to exec. It could keep running the same program as the parent until it exits. So that's one possible solution. Fork a child process whose only job is to change directory, mount an exit. Unfortunately, Docker daemon's written in go, and fork without exec is not supported in code programs. You could invoke the raw syscall if you want, but the child process is going to be in a very sad state. The child will inherit copies of all the mutexes in the parent, but we'll start with just one thread. None of the garbage collectors threads will be running, and the child will likely deadlock rather quickly on one of those mutexes. Go programs are able to spawn new child processes, but the runtime makes all the arrangements to fork and exec on your behalf. It needs to do a lot of preparatory work to make it safe and reliable, and details which are deeply tied to those runtime internals. So unless you are the go runtime, or are willing to tie yourself to the implementation details of a particular runtime, write code in an extremely limited dialect of go, and pray that tool chain updates won't break you, you cannot fork in go programs without also exacting. Now, while go programs may not be able to cheaply fork off child processes, they do have an abundance of threads. Now, how come changing the current working directory in one thread affects the current working directory of all the other threads? Well, in a word, because POSIX says so. In a more practical sense, the current working directory is shared because the threading library, or in go's case, the language runtime, has instructed the kernel to make it that way. Threads are spawned using the clone system call, which compared to fork gives the caller more precise control over what is and is not shared between the caller and the child. Clone can also be used to spawn processes as there's not much distinction between process and threads, but thread's just a process that shares thread group ID, virtual memory space, and signal handlers with other threads in the process. Other pieces of execution context can be shared, but don't actually have to be under Linux. So for instance, if the clone FS flag is passed to the clone syscall, the calling process and child process share the same file system information, which encompasses the file system route, the UMask, and the current working directory. Otherwise the child gets a copy. Now, most of the process execution context that can be shared using clone can be unshared using the appropriately named unshared syscall. Thread can call unshare with the clone FS flag to then reverse the effects of clone, disassociating its file system information from that of the other threads. Now, note that there is no way to re-associate the threads file system information afterwards. You may be wondering how unshare can be used in Go programs as threads aren't exposed to application code. All application code runs in GoRoutines, which do not map one to one onto threads. The runtime schedules GoRoutines onto a pool of threads, not entirely unlike how the kernel schedules threads onto CPU cores. If a GoRoutine blocks waiting on some IO, receiving on a channel, acquiring a mutex, or simply if the runtime decides to preempt that GoRoutine because it's been running for too long, runtime may go and schedule some other GoRoutine onto that same thread. Different GoRoutines may run on the same thread at different times, and any particular GoRoutine may run on different threads throughout his lifetime. Normally it does not matter that a GoRoutine may suddenly find itself running on a different thread. As aside from having different thread IDs, all the threads are practically identical. Well, unsharing parts of a thread's execution context makes the thread different from the others. It would cause chaos if random GoRoutines were to be scheduled onto such an unshared thread. For example, the GoRoutine that wanted to change just its own working directory could unexpectedly find its working directory reverted. And then some other GoRoutine would see the change working directory, all at the whims of the runtime. Thankfully, Go has a solution for this. Runtime.lockOS thread wires the calling GoRoutine to its current thread until an equal number of calls are made to unlock OS thread. The calling GoRoutine will always execute in that thread exclusively. Since unsharing a thread's file system information is irreversible, no other GoRoutine can ever be allowed to be scheduled to run on that unshared thread. Thankfully, Go also has a solution for this. You simply return from the GoRoutine function without unlocking it from the thread, and the runtime will terminate the thread and eventually spawn a new one to replace it. This is roughly what changing the working directory to mount looks like, minus any error handling. You spawn a new GoRoutine for this operation, lock it to a thread, unshare the file system information, then we can simply go change the working directory, mount, and return. The ability to wire GoRoutines to threads makes it possible to do things in Go programs which could not be done in any other way. I'll take you through a few other examples of how it's used within Moby. Path sanitization, it's really hard to get right from user space. The kernel can do a much better job, especially because it can do it atomically. The OpenAT2 syscall makes it easy to guard against path traversal attacks, though that's only available from Linux 5.6. In order to support older kernels, Moby takes a different approach, sandboxing the thread so it cannot open paths outside of where it's allowed to. For use cases like ours, such as untowering image layers, where we don't need to sandbox arbitrary untrusted code, CHroot is arguably perfectly adequate when used from memory safe language. The root directory is part of the thread file system information, so in sharing it makes CHroot calls thread local, in addition to CHter. Unfortunately, using CHroot makes Moby incompatible with GR security kernels because those kernels block CHmod and make node in CHrooted threads. We work around this by instead using PivotRoot to change the root mount of the current mountain namespace, which is a much more robust sandboxing mechanism as well. But we can't safely modify the existing mountain namespace as it could be shared by many other processes, not to mention the other threads. So we call unshare with the clone new NS flag, which moves the thread into a new mountain namespace, which is initialized to a copy of the previous. Now we're free to mount, unmount, and pivot mounts to our heart's content without affecting the mount table of any other thread or any other process. Another use for wiring GoRoutines to threads is to enter a container's network namespace. The only information you need to know to access the network namespace created for a container is the container's process ID. Moby enters the container network namespaces to provide a DNS resolver over the container loop back interface, which can resolve the private addresses of other containers, and to forward DNS queries from one container to a DNS server running another container. The setNS system call is used to move the calling thread to the namespace referenced by a file descriptor. Unlike a more traditional process state such as the file system information I spoke about earlier, the thread can be moved back to its starting namespace with another call to setNS. And a thread which has had its namespaces restored is indistinguishable from threads which were never moved at all and so can be reused by the GoRuntime for other GoRoutines. A combination of unshare and setNS can also be used to cheaply create a new network namespace for example, as I'm demonstrating here. Manipulating the execution context of threads in a language which hide threads from the application is not always gonna be easy.  You may find unexpected and even impossible behaviors in completely unrelated parts of your application if you get things wrong. The GoRuntime and most Go code assumes quite reasonably that all execution contexts are made equal that they all have the same file descriptor table, view of the file system, UID, GID, network interfaces, et cetera. If you violate the invariant that all unlocked OS threads are fungible you're gonna have a bad time. Make sure to always lock your GoRoutine to a thread before manipulating its threads execution context and only unlock after you put the thread back exactly the way you found it which may not always be possible. So when in doubt, keep the GoRoutine locked to the thread and let the runtime terminate it. When writing code which opens handles to threads original namespaces make sure to lock the GoRoutine before opening handles to its original namespaces and open from that GoRoutine. Otherwise your code might restore the thread to the wrong namespace. I've done this and it was not a fun bug to chase down. The initial thread of a process is known as the thread group leader. GoRoutines can be scheduled on to it same as any other thread. This is important to keep in mind when modifying the execution context of your program's threads because the proc self magic link refers to the thread group leader not the current thread. This can trip you up in a couple of ways. Unless your GoRoutine happens to be locked to the thread group leader, the files in proc self are not gonna reflect the unshared state of the thread your GoRoutine is executing on. When writing code which opens proc files for an unshared thread, make sure to open the files for that particular thread. Use the proc self task directory for the current thread ID or the proc thread self magic link on Linux 3.17 and above. Remember to lock the GoRoutine to the thread first so the thread doesn't change underneath you. And to avoid any surprises with code and with external processes which aren't prepared for your unshared shenanigans, I recommend that you lock the main GoRoutine to the thread group leader. Go guarantees that the init functions will run on the thread group leader and also that main will also be executed on the leader if lockOS thread has been called from an init function. So long as the thread leader thread is left alone, any code in your process running on unlock or routines can continue to open files through proc self and get the expected results as the threads they're running on will be sharing all the execution context with the leader. And the last gotch I wanna talk about is the parent death signal option. When starting a sub process, you can instruct the kernel to send it a signal if the parent dies. It's very handy for ensuring you don't leak sub process if your process crashes, for example. However, the kernel considers the parent to be the thread which started the sub process. If GoRoutine, which locks and exits, gets scheduled onto the same thread which you had previously used to start a sub process, your sub process will get signaled seemingly at random. You can guard against this by locking the GoRoutine, you will be starting the sub process from to its thread and not unlocking it until after the sub process exits. Thank you.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com with a two box tiered random team break of 2019 at Panini prism football Hobby edition. This is tiered random team break number five That's how we tiered out the teams right there only ten spots in this two box break. So it is a little bit pricier But I think you have more assurances that you're gonna get a get a stronger team Big thanks to these folks right here for getting into it. There are the tiered teams. Let's roll it Let's randomize it one and a four five times for each list four and A one fifth and final time We got Nicholas down to Aaron one and a four five times for teams two three four five After five times We have the Niners block down to the Cowboys block Now if you want to trade you have to trade that entire line of teams You can't just break them up like a KitKat bar and has to go all as one pack one KitKat bar All right, Nicholas with the Niners Ravens and Chargers Evan with the Broncos bangles and Colts Jason with the Raiders bills and Vikings Aaron with the Patriots sealers and Lions Anthony with the Seahawks Titans and Packers Ryan with the Redskins Rams Bucks Nicholas with the Giants Browns and Texans Ray with the Cardinals Falcons and Dolphins Joe clan last bottom mojo star next to his name Jags Eagles Bears Jets And Aaron Pettit with the Cowboys Chiefs Panthers and Saints. Let's sort by column B by team and Let me know if there's any trades Joe has that Jags line up for trade if anybody's interested in that So I'll pause the video for just a little bit and when we come back We're gonna see if anybody made a deal with Joe and and then we'll have the break stick around And we're back no trades so the list remains the same right here for TRT number five on the 25th Thanks everyone For getting into the action coming up. And what am I doing? Where's my schedule button boop? In the chat is my schedule already did sapphire We're doing two box right now the football mixer coming up after this in fact It looks like I'm a tiny bit ahead of schedule to Which is good because this break is not gonna take an hour long But that's good because I actually think the football mixer is gonna take a little bit longer than Then the hour that was stated in the track All right We'll readjust to keep readjusting the schedule as we go along Now I didn't realize this I don't keep track of the I know a lot of you do and that's a good thing I don't keep track like individual box prices as as much as maybe I should but from what I understand the boxes of I'm sure there's a variety of reasons for this including a lot of people staying at home and buying and whatnot, but 2019 prison boxes have been increasing the per box price has been increasing steadily over the last like month I mean since it came out basically it's been slowly creeping up more and more and more and more Just in secondary markets and other retail shops and whatnot pretty well, I think Concurrent the value of Of what you can get out of the hits here have been increasing too. So that's it's really it's what's driving it So thanks. Good luck everyone. Thanks for getting in. Let's see what we can get out of these two hobby boxes We got miles Gaskin Miles Gaskin may have Will have New quarterback going to him Wait, dude, unless they start this are there are they a start this season with they'll probably start the season with Fitzpatrick, right? But I'm sure two will be starting at some point 67 out of 75 Jared Goff is Calvin Johnson Silver Nelson Agalore. Oh the Gaskin dolphins goes to Ray Phillips There's the Agalore to 149 who's on the Raiders now Joe Mixon to 199 Nelson Agalore One of them one of like the 18 receivers of the Raiders have on that team Meekle Hardman to 249 Someone was saying yesterday. It's like Joe your Raiders could field an entirely different second team Maybe that's the plan you guys. Maybe that's the Raiders plan Maybe the first maybe the first half will be Derek Carr and the first half Raiders The second half will be Marcus Marriota And the second half Raiders. All right behind Archie Manning is Drew Locke He's often a redemption. So it's always surprising to see his autograph live That goes to the Broncos bangles Colts Combo and that goes to Evan W Evan Evan Wagstaff Why does that name sound familiar? I think maybe Is Wagstaff the name of the high school that the kids in Bob's burgers go to is that what Brian burns to 175 Maybe not. Maybe I'm thinking of something else Redemption it's true Locke Kayla Wilson. That's a catch. The redemption is Gardner Minshew the second Tried to trade couldn't trade mojo rookie autographs prism green scope I said Joe clans gonna have to get all the men shoes. I guess And a free top loader for us It seems like I mean seems like the Jaguars They didn't I don't think they drafted a quarterback. They're not chasing a quarterback in the free agent window They even traded away a quarterback. So You're welcome Joe. Yeah, so it looks like Gardner Minshew is as of now QB1 Salishan Jeffrey There's Darius Layton to 49 And next box Good luck. Good luck. Good luck. Oh, did they draft a late round QB? Guess you need a backup maybe But aside from that, I mean it seems like it seems like Gardner Minshew is QB1, right? Like he's gonna be every given every chance start and keep starting and be the starting QB for the remainder of the season. He had some moments He had some moments.  So we'll see what we'll see what happens We'll see what happens here in the last box. Good luck ladies and gents There's Koran Higdon rookie silver autograph Texans Giants Brown Texans combo Nick L. There's the green scope right there Randall Cobb. That's a catch Hand down in front. That's pretty good Is this the most personality that Roger Goddell has ever shown in his time as commissioner like him reading off all the picks from his house? There's Calvin Harman Calvin Harman Redskins, Rams, Bucks combo, Ryan L with that Dak Prescott to $1.99 I mean Jared Stidham as Of now is the number one guy. He's QB1 unless They who's got the Patriots Aaron Pettit does unless they snag like Unless they get like a Cam Newton or something like that Joe Flacco, where does Joe Flacco go? Is he available? Some no one's gonna take a Joe Flacco. There's another Jared Stidham This is even nicer 41 out of 99 going to Aaron Pettit 38 out of 99 Daniel Jones sensational signatures autograph Big hit for the Giants that's gonna go to Nicholas L who has the Giants of Browns Texans combo So we'll see. We'll see how Daniel Jones progresses This year cracked ice design always looks sharp, too DD Westbrook to $1.49 got a silver Hunter Renfrow one of the 80 receivers at the Raiders have on the team You're welcome Nick Hunter Renfrow again to $1.75 Adrian Peterson to 49 Chris Jones 99 out of 99 the last card ever made and I think that there's Neymar Heinz The 249 Bryce Love Nassir Adderley and an expired kid reporter card. There you go ladies and gentlemen Joe for jazby's case breaks calm. That was our two box tiered random team break number five 2019 prison football hobby edition I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


This is a ThinkPad X220. It of course is one of the X series ThinkPads Which are supposed to be ultra portable ultra small So this is I don't know if you can get a good gauge or how big it is, but it's pretty portable I think it weighs at max even with the battery maybe around three pounds or so not much more than that But one of the things one of the problems I run into is that you know, I have a whole lot of files I have like somewhere I have you know movies and TV shows and all the stuff that I want to keep everywhere And so it's sort of hard to keep everything in one hard drive Based on the hard drive specifications that are out there nowadays And I also want to have a solid state drive in this machine because it runs faster But of course solid state drives aren't gonna be able to hold the same amount of gigage So this machine has a hard drive port I have a one gig or one terabyte excuse me One terabyte solid state drive in here, and this is the only You know hard drive port that we have on this computer some ThinkPads Will actually have you know other ones on the other side that you can put in But the X series is supposed to be small and as the corollary that they only have this They don't even have a CD drive or anything like that So I have one gig on here, but I have about two nearly You know one and a half other gigs or excuse me terabyte talking at the wrong scale I have about one and a half Other terabyte of you know data that I want to keep I would I don't need it all the time But I need it you know at least some of the time and I don't want to carry it around in the in an external drive So the solution I found to this is actually pretty simple. It's simply a ThinkPad Ultrabass so these things are useful in general You might see these and be a little confused because you know they add some ports, but none of these ports Are you know aren't on the ThinkPad itself? You know they have a VGA port display port stuff like that The ThinkPad has all of these already But Ultrabass is Even before talking about the extra storage space you can put in They're really nice just to you know keep this at your house have a bunch of wires plugged in when you get home You just take your ThinkPad you throw it on there great now all your wires are automatically connected You don't have to worry about it So that's nice in general, but the great thing about these is normally If you have an X series ThinkPad These are nice because they actually add a CD drive, but I don't actually have a CD drive in here You can't easily take them out and replace them. So let me actually take this out Now it's not a CD drive as you will see It is actually I need two hands for a second What you can actually get is you can get an ultra slim Hard drive caddy and put that in and you'll see here. I have a two terabyte hard drive on this thing so basically I keep all of my movies and my Like TV shows and stuff on this and you know when I get home I can watch it or I can take the whole base and you know go to a friend's house or something If we want to watch movies Stuff like that, but of course, I don't normally need these files I have all my core documents on the solid-state drive in here So that's convenient, but of course when I want to go a little further And I want to have some extra stuff I have this and this actually works a whole lot better than just having an external Drive and taking it around everywhere You know just because you know those they fall off. They're not very secure But this is actually very convenient. I still do have an external drive and I sort of keep this in that and sink If I want to take that it the external drive to use on another machine, but this is actually extremely convenient and I have it set up so When I start my computer Of course, Linux will try and mount the mount the extra drive if it's available if it's not it just skips it And there's a designated place it mounts and stuff like that So that's very you know pretty convenient and of course it has a you know The ThinkPad Ultra base has a switch to turn off, you know and remove it safely. So it's pretty safe at you know Being able you know you can pretty much remove it without any kind of problem. So it's extremely convenient So the end result is I have a computer which it's a little thicker I mean there's nothing wrong with having a thick laptop, but you know, it's a little thicker, but it's still ultra portable It's still pretty light and I can have Three gate or three terabytes of storage space on just this machine So it's definitely something you know worth looking into and eventually our plan on just moving to just this machine I do have a desktop. It has actually two terabytes of storage. So, you know less than this actually And I do plan on moving the moving to this as one single machine getting rid of all my other laptops getting rid of my desktop and just having this And you know as time passes I might and you know hard drive technology improves I might get you know a five terabyte drive Or something like that or yeah, I will say that these You have to be careful about the CD drive caddies. I think I forget if there's I think they're nine Millimeter, I think I have a cell seven millimeter drive right here. That's in it There are some hard drives. You got to be careful when you're buying one for these There are some hard drives that can have like five terabytes or something like that, but you know They're like 15 inch or something. So just be wary about that do your research Just know that think pad ultra bases take the ultra slim varieties of these things So and I think the maximum right now in 2017 in current year is two terabytes So now I have maxed out and in a couple years. Maybe I'll get another one Anyway, just this is just to show you the use of an ultra base and how you can sort of get extra stuff out of it And it's so easy to replace and remove and you know do all that kind of stuff with so anyway Hope you learn something. So I'll see you guys next time


Everybody forced here ripping six box mixer 2223 Donner's hobby prism draft hobby in choice number two random teams. Good luck. Everybody. Let's get started start with draft hobby Check our real GM up real quick. That's what I need random silver coal sweater swider It's a 49 orange pulsar auto Lakers Lakers for this for this mr. Swiders sweeter Maybe hyper rookie Yovitch hyper Durant and guys retired players or act veterans So like they're actually anybody even rookies can be traded So and any player in collegiate uniform goes to active team if they're currently playing or longest tenure if they're retired So Charles Barclay would be like a 76er Vince Carter a raptor silver Bradley Beale Ends up in scarter number one to college. So Mojo Otto Javon Freeman Liberty What a last thing that's pretty cool Javon Freeman Liberty Is bulls there you go bulls on the mojo to 25 hyper Isaiah Thomas Red LaRavia rookie just do 99 One minute. We need to stop right now Silver Tyler hero silver auto Scotty Pippin jr. I believe he's what Lakers? Lakers Scotty Pippin jr Double-check that a Lakers currently hyper Larry bird hyper rookie Justin Lewis purple ice rookie Jabari Smith jr. Nice eight of 149 For Houston. Oh, yeah VC to go to UNC. What am I talking about? You're right. You're for sure, right? Silver rookie John Monterre I don't know what I was thinking though Uh Jared rodin. It's a 49 orange Pulsar auto rodin It's almost like raiden. So he played in Mortal Kombat raiden. So he play us He's dude sometimes so you get OP with him pistons on the rodin hyper Brandon Ingram blue wave Tyler hero It's 249. Yeah T mac for sure skipped college silver Johnny Davis What was the last year you could go straight from? High school TMA was it 04 It's 0405, right silver stepcar. I think it was a Dwight Howard here, which is 04 Uh, uh, these Tony mojo auto 25 I may be butchering that name It's likely that I'm butchering the name actually He is magic. He's lakeland magic magic on the Tony Hyper rookie scotty pippin jr. Hyper rookie matherin Oh the binom glass Is that the kwame brown draft 05? Or was he earlier? Silver rookie jake laravia auto Lucas Williamson Was kwame 0 1 did he play with he was he was he was on it was on mj He's a wizard. That's so crazy to think about Clippers on the lucas williamson hyper scotty barns Orange pulsar it to 1940. Yeah, I think by 05. I think kwame was in the lakers now that you're sitting out of that Yeah, samuels has got this dude. He's got it on point right now.  I'm not hey 79 of 99 for the spurs That's a Blake Hyper rookie Jeremy so on you knew we were talking about kwame. You knew we would Hyper jammer and purple ice jabari smith again 81 of 149 that time for the rockets It's been a good couple boxes pretty solid silver rookie christian brown national pride Uh, hakeem elisha one nice one there Michael caru. He was random last time so he's He hasn't changed teams in the last 20 minutes So random at the end to everybody michael caru hyper anthony edwards red jaylon doran rookie for the pistons of 209 Hyper alandas williams silver jade and ivy brilliance Nice two boxes only one right? That's pretty good choice time two boxes Oh, let's go do it down too. We need we need we need some defense Haven't had it all night, but we need it now okay, silver david robinson silver blake wesley red choice auto michael caru that's random to everybody at the end Do the nebula be fire red tiger palo tiger debarry smith jr. Uh blue yellow green tarry eason nice one there for the rockets to 88 rockets have a ton of good draftx too. They see the piece of together There's a palo blue yellow green wendell more jr. And clay thompson kwame nebula He didn't go to college not in this sorry blake You have to go elsewhere for your kwame brown nebula.  That's random to everybody at the end blue yellow green blake wesley red dyson daniels to 88 max christie zac levine and kade cunning m. All right two donner's boxes now calling a tatam animation markel's got 25 on nine and 12. He needs the ball in his hand Everyone else better figured out Oh Dude our guy false on don't worry. Dude false or one-on-one anybody right now He's like the only he's like the only like really good defender. So they're just like dude.  We've got a steve nash diamond for the suns on the dawn rust throwback net marvels lillard curry crunch time chat holmgren for annum Yeah, blake. Why are you busy or something? Don't got time to watch breaks or something like that press proof kd Suns chris paul to 199 net marvels kevin durant williams agbaji. There's an ivy. I don't know 22 is early Good block dude. You can't get past marketing You're doing everything. You also got jacked Yeah, you really did I don't think the bulls can develop anybody.  Oh, he's cooking. Oh big block by palo Kessler is there for the recovery We need wendell. Where's he at? Jordan Clarkson holo to 149 for the jazz net marvels james harden The honest crunch time Dude the bulls outside of the mj era are going to be the magic outside of the brady era It's going to be us, dude They really are bond you take you take Michael jordan era away from the bulls. They're the literal browns of the nba malachi brannum spurs rated rookie auto nice one spurs Press proof cameron johnson cody martin number to 199 hornets I Do tom brady would be horrible in the magic. He's not good at basketball Tom brady just stands at the top of the key trying to pass it every run of the whole time No movement just like he's in the pocket kind of Ah, dude, this this this is not looking good right now down six minute and a half Yeah, it's williams jr. Pressure. Just can't get a stop. That's why that's why I don't feel confident It's not the right missing shots. We just can't get a stop. That's worse that marvels k lebron crunch time the williams jaden hardy Daniels nemhardt and jabari smith jr Three sets complete three packs complete a set yakupertl basketball the 75 for the spurs and that marvel zion Walker kessler. I think the biggest thing is though.  It only costs a lot go get a um Go buy a bobby or auto I didn't keep it in a ps8 10 posh the young guns is just a just any old bobby or auto Oh Let's go palo three Jalen williams thunder rated rookie hollow laser to 149. We can pull in this specific card. Yeah every single like every box That is outrageous. Steph curry net marvels through the shuffler didn't know what to do I can just imagine somebody shuffling all the every single card before they pack it. That's why it takes long to release What was the first hockey card that I bought? The first pc like bruins cards this first single that I bought Trying to remember what it was dame Crunch type press proof curry on and one Yolkic net marvels, of course, dude, we can never just do something good and follow it up with something good You know what I mean? It's only something bad. Oh wendell. There he is.  That's just jersey number actually, right?  Congrats rockets To barry smith basketball to 75 that's going into a mag Bronjames net marvels ivy I'll do it again. Shane. I'll do it again if I had the chance Yeah, they made the graphic too early. Look at the middle one Hey, we got a chance that game. That's nice. Jabari Agbashi press proof jazz rated rookie Dale and terry rated rookie hollow laser to 149 for the bulls Nice one bulls anthony edwards net marvels. It's a really good box actually tie tie palo As long as last minute and a half of all time You think they did they left already? I saw some of the beard. It might have been reached. I can't tell It's too tough. It's too tough to see Dale and terry again to 199 this time for chicago chicago doing very well net marvel scuddy barns There's a foul Keegan Murray Jaden ivy come on auto. Yeah rated rookie auto pistons Dude, this was a fantastic box Congrats pistons.  Jalen doran. That's that's that's not good. That's not good. That's the first one All right, I gotta stop watching this bad for my health press proof jalen williams rated rookie for the thunder press proof unleashes ion net marvels jalen green Williams hardy Dyson daniels nemard and jabari smith jr. J Tucker press proof Dirk navitsky diamond on the throwback Net marvels d-book Walker kessler I mean for the price of the honoris boxes is a really really good value in my opinion Getting like five six seven numbered cards a box potentially An auto maybe two autos when you get a next day, it seems like you get an a sticker auto still plenty of rated rookies, so Yeah, and a jeremy sohan now rated rookie red to 99 spurs spurs had a very good break as well Number brandoms and sohons All right, there we go. We got some randoms to do only three cards this time But one of them still in college. That's why it's random. So I'm pretty sure anthony black solid prospect too Last time I remember hearing about him All right, there we go Okay, so in this order top three in the random to everybody anthony black goes to the top spot Okaru red to the second spot and okaru base of the third spot 10 6 and 4 top three 10 times 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 Rockets Cavaliers Kings Rockets Cavaliers Kings Real quick recap Lucas Williamson scotty pippin jr. Malachi brandon purple ice mojo adis tony mojo javon freeman liberty a Cole sweeter. So how i'm gonna say that Uh rodin a brand and rated rookie auto a basketball parallel out of 75 jivari smith jr And rated rookie auto jaden ivy for the pistons. That's gonna do it. Thanks again everybody One more basketball break next


I'll try and sap off the shields look here like. Yeah, I'm gonna reshield you I'm sap I'm sap I'm sap oh no He's on 60% mana if we don't die we're in really good shape. I will I thought we lost lost oh you resisted nice that's all just fine. I broke his varnish as well This is really soft though Yes, yeah Priest is fed Priest will gonna get fed Nice nice gauge now We should go around a blind throw case though a blind priest I ruptured and He says that this fine. We can probably just find on damage. He has no plug I hit a burn Yeah, just play for mana full aggression here chase everything. He's getting away though. I can set priest I mean, you can set on priest if you want to I'm sapping roll.  Oh my god Okay, I open roll. This is I use my call for this man. Give me Give me He shrinks. Priest is fed Yeah, we both evasion. I have no spells left now. We have to win on mana just pressure pump You need to pump because he's evasion. I can get ruptured. He dodges it I'm giving him. Yeah, priest wants to just shrink. I'm keeping priest I'll go and get the eye. We'll be ready to get it I guess. Yeah, we both read just watch yourself Okay, watch yourself. Yeah I'm going to get the eye now Have it. Rogue is on left pillar. I'm drinking with the eye. You keep sapping And then we open priest in a sec. Okay You can open now actually go open go open Okay, careful Can you get him before he gets me? No, no, no. I lost the eye now. It's gone. Okay Getting sapped though This just ruins everything I've drank it in 20. We're already with drank it's just mana I guess just keep on Spamming still He's just sapping and opening. We're just drinking We're gonna get big drinks here. I'm filling for rogue. We can run down priest. Yeah No, let's not let's just keep hiding rogue and then I'm gonna drink sure sure I'm keeping him Yeah, they're gonna pump now I'll talk Make you Priest is open field Burning priest Yeah, but we need to keep road here. He's keeping. Yeah, I kept some Can't keep him. Is that rogue? Can we go priest? Yes. Yes. Yes. I'll blind for rogue out of that. Okay. I'm coming. I'm just exposing blind Yeah, yes And you need to I'll do a small kidney on your fear. Okay Good. I reshift this thing as well. He has blind for me.  This is Up here. I cannot connect to this guy at all I didn't have enough mana to close out. Yeah, just drink. Just drink. It's fine. You have close soon. I'm overtaking on mine, aren't I? Yeah, I can caulk in this instead priest door Go away Healing Caulk, I don't know.  Trinket Yeah, I am Can you go rogue here? Yes I should have blinded it. He has, he has trinket, but I need to go. Oh you I need to run again. Mana, bad Really bad man. He was just every shove as well Drinking, drinking, drinking Keeping rogue Blink for some dear. Two seconds. Don't do it. Oh Shit, sorry Good priest Oh, well Oh, pretty well. I know he's cauling Deadly I blackouted him Nice I'm gonna blind rogue in this cloak. You hear me? He, what?  Just one more and it's One more and I Keep him on Trying to dispel p.s. and that's not happening I ruptured him Maybe we should have bugged him Spelling shield Okay, please Nice, one thing Big damage from me I'm gonna take a kidney and then I can drink with it I have cold blood I'm gonna shield you and pump him with it Yeah, he's gonna have cold blood Blimey for blimey for watching Yes, yes, it's fine, it's fine Gonna get burnt here Nice, he didn't get the shield I'm gonna arrange He gets one only Big heal on you Yeah, I have no cold blood You have to see This is just a, well, we're ahead on mana I think we just come out to this Yeah, I can fiend him as well Reflect, what? I have to drink it, it's to keep wins, it's very important Oh, okay He's getting mana here, but I'm kidding Do you think it's He told him go I have life from them I've got fiender, I've got fiender Just go back and get mana I've got fiender I'll use my wins He fiends me I'll shoot at it, I'll shoot at it Yes, I don't I'll go and get the eye Dispelling you Yeah, I'm killing the fiend I can't say anything, so it's fine Trying to kill him at least Rogue is on main, watch out He takes eye Yeah, I'm near you You need to get him You need to make sure he doesn't see you There's no way I can get him I've got a ranked one going Oh, he's in trouble Yeah, I'm pumping, hard Got the shield Rupture? I'll bring peace for you, drink it here Oh, this is actually the jankers I have a blind, I need rupture to follow Where's the smith here? I'll blind him, six seconds for evasion I think we can... I'm blinded, oh my god, I'm so bad Please love, just one sec, drink it, crippling anything I've got PSO Yeah, I've got nothing Blind as well, you need to get away I can control the game forever It's fine, just run away Don't care about peace Crippling's off, I'm going now Full thing, this is actually terrible I can't keep Rogue either I need to go blind-power or something Running away He's running to you, running to you I'll call Rhee, I'm coming I can kill you soon, just, yeah, good She's got me Yes Priest is fed, Priest willed I shall priest I just bought shield and rune, this is good value Yes I need to get mana now though, I don't have enough to close I'll keep them both Yeah, very good, very good, I'm drinking Evasion You can push soon, okay? Yes, yes I'll shield you I'm tanking this, I'm going Can you keep priest? He kept himself I've got a full rupture now I've got a shield again, I've got a shield again Yeah Pushing up, pushing up It's really bad for me, he has blind for me soon And I have no trinket, so you need to be careful on that Yeah, okay He doesn't have a mana, so I'm going to push for a fair Yeah, I've got it for him, soon Sorry Come in my lane, come in my lane Oh fuck, I'm trying to keep Got him, got him, got him Got it Keep shot, trinket I've blind for him soon, really soon Are you dotted?  Oh, he dispelled it Keep, one time Uh Still keeping I free him to keep whatever I don't know Okay, I'm vanaging I've blind for him, we went I can't assist I'll spot you, I'll spot you I don't have, I'm ring, I'm ring I can't assist Yes, it's fine You want Sappo yet?


What's going on guys? Today I bring you this top 5 crazy but funny reactions. And if you guys do enjoy the video leaving a like is much appreciated on my behalf. If you have anything badass to send in, send it into the email address linked at the top of the video description. But I hope you guys do enjoy the video and I will see you on that next one. Should have just shot. It's fine. I got my super. I'm super close. So that's why you was waving not the cap up? I guess yeah. Honestly it's going to take forever time. I might push to buy a Titan. Here you are. You're not playing with a really disturbed game right now. Nice plays. Get that one orb. Where's that one orb? It's in like no way looking. Come out of the wall! What? He's a real gun. What? If I hit this, I'll dismantle my palli.  Oh my god! Oh my god! Yo! Yo! Yo! Yo! Oh my god! I can dismantle my palli. Yo chat! Can we get some pork champs in the chat? DPJ. Say hi DPJ. That's going. Oh my god.  Oh my god. Jack! I was expecting maybe one. Can we have my baby?