The pure have left behind fragrance and color. Each moment they see beauty without hindrance. 1400 years ago, Islam came to this world with the message of love, peace and humanity. Links between India and Arabia through trade had already opened floodgates of knowledge, enriching both civilizations. Islam as a concept found a natural home beginning with the shores of Kerala. What was the essence of Islam that manifested itself in such visible beauty in my country? These centuries-old monuments bear testimony to a culture and history which will always remain a part of our lives. Going through this experience of a refugee that we are rehabilitated in this area, which makes it very fortunate and lucky as one who is deprived of everything. But this wonderful space and the monument and the kind of history associated. From the beauty of Mughal gardens, the age of Akbar witnessed beauty in all fields of human expression. It was not only confined to music and fine arts, education and refinement and lifestyle, but developed a spirit of understanding and assimilation from the indigenous Indian ethos. Today, Muhammad Shaheer is among the few landscape architects who have been inspired by Islamic gardens. These magnificent tombs are designed with the concept of the Garden of Paradise. Persian in style, they are inspired by the geometry of Islamic aesthetics, which integrate the elements of nature in the same beauty and form as expressed in the Quran. Water creates a mystical reflection through sound and image and at the same time becomes the source of irrigating the gardens and cooling the winds. Taj Raghuray, I am amazed how this 300-year-old wonder of the world still continues to fascinate the artist and man. When I reached Agra and we were still maybe 5-6 kilometers away from Taj and yet, you know, you could see in the cityscape, you know, the Taj, the Dung, the Nimbrits, you know, so overpowering and standing above the city, you know, looking at you. So I said, my God, magnificent, you know, so I started taking pictures from there. So it was such a powerful experience that my first trip to Agra was basically photographing Taj from all around in its environment where it stands today.  The word of God is expressed in calligraphy in the most exquisite human effort. Having thus acquired a spiritual form, calligraphy enters the decorative field of illustration and manuscripts. Amina Ahuja, an eminent artist and calligraphist, reminisces of the Delhi gone by, the inspired architecture of the Jama Masjid and the spiritual aura of Delhi. The city of Delhi is known to be the threshold of the Huajas of the Chishti order and still radiates their presence. Hazrat Huaja Kutubundin Bakhtiyar Kaki in Mahroli, Hazrat Nizamuddin Olia in Nizamuddin and Sheikh Nasiruddin Muhammad Jiragh-Dehlawi in Jiragh-Dilli. The 786th Urs, death anniversary of Hazrat Huaja Moinuddin Chishti, the founder of the Chishti order, was commemorated in 1998 at his shrine in Ajmer. The Sufis imparted to their disciples tenderness of the heart and endless wealth of tears renewed through their human compassion. The 786th Urs, death anniversary of Hazrat Nizamuddin Kutubundin Bakhtiyar Kaki in Nizamuddin Olia in Nizamuddin The central source of this inspiration was the unparalleled human sacrifice of Imam Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet of Islam and son of Hazrat Ali in the name of God in the battlefield of Karbala. Hazrat Huaja Moinuddin Chishti's love for music found spiritual expression in his Mefile Samar. Indian classical music blended with Persian thought and became a medium of his love for God, thus enriching the deprived souls of the downtrodden. Doent of the Chishti's in the realm of music created new landmarks. The heights reached by Amir Khusro continued to explore new horizons. The poetry of Amir Khusro became the soul of Kashmiri Sufiana singing. Through time Kashmir became the meeting point of several civilizations. Shah Ali Hamdani introduced central Asian and Persian crafts which became the identity of the valley. In philosophy and poetic expression it also achieved an evolved form of synthesis. The Sufi and Bhakti movement inspired each other and gave birth to the patron saint of the valley, Sheikhul Alam Nuruddin Wali, also known as Nundrishi. Such inspirations opened floodgates of enlightenment. It goes back almost even before the birth of Guru Nanak because the midwife, her name was Doltan who brought him into the world was Muslim. So you can see how long the relationship is on the time of the birth of the founder of the faith.  And after Mardana died his son Shahzad then took over and he stayed with Guru Nanak until Guru Nanak died. You see then again to get to know more about Islam from Islamic scholars and savants he travelled with Mardana to Kabul and then to Mecca and then to Baghdad. Now in those days travel was not easy but he went there and came back more enriched, more sort of fulfilled and with a greater insight of this faith that he admired and you know. So it's a very very long relationship which has been sustained by successive Gurus after that. The fifth Guru Arjan Dev invited his friend the Sufi mystic to lay the foundation stone of the Golden Temple which he did again on her door. When there was such philosophical integration why was this great nation divided? Intrigued by the title price of partition I met Dr. Rafiq Zakaria, a renowned Islamic scholar and political analyst for greater insight. Do you know that one million of them died in the most horrible conditions? That children became orphans, that women were raped, that old and aged had to perish on the way trying to cross from one border to the other and that in the process no less than 15 million people were uprooted. That is the price of partition that both Hindus and Muslims pay. In the wake of the Khilafat movement such forces of unity between Hindus and Muslims were forged by Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali, that the governor of Bombay Lord Light wrote to the Secretary of State that it is just a question of days when we will have to pack up and leave India. But unfortunately subsequent events give such a setback that it almost broke Gandhi's heart. That is how every time Gandhi ji tried to bring Hindus and Muslims together the British saw to it that either by propping the feudal Muslim leadership, the communal Hindu leadership, or by sort of instigating either communities on some religious issue or the other that such kind of unity is never brought about and it could never come. And therefore you had this conflict between the Congress and the Muslim League which ultimately resulted in the partition of the subcontinent. But now an age has gone by. Those who chose out of their own free will to stay back are serving society in the light of their conviction. They continue to be deeply rooted to the soil. The Prophet of Islam's prophetic saying that from the direction of Hindu I get the fragrance of love begins to seem larger than life. I see friends everywhere serving with a smile. This unending journey from home for years and end. Taxi drivers like Ulam Hasan of Kaman have served the basic human need of transport. Dedication to human service is another form of divinity and comes from prayer. As I enter this serene space, I am reminded of the hadith of Prophet of Islam. A person of faith in a mosque is like a sun reflecting in water. This 200-year-old Konkani mosque is built over a tank located in the heart of Mumbai in Dongri fort. One is amazed to witness an awe-inspiring beauty of tranquility in the structure of a mosque in sharp contrast to the cacophony and harshness of the outside world. The aesthetics of Islam evolved through such inspirations from architecture to musical azans to calligraphy. In a line stood the king and his sleeve equal in his presence. Making something out of scrap is no ordinary way of serving society. Bombay corrodes and brings materialism down to bare matter. The ocean lashes against the metal. The forces of nature beat upon the human psyche to reinforce the end. The faith in the divine power. World-gripped in a commercial trap. What sells, who buys? In this never-ending game, fortunes change. The river of time changes its course. Objects of desire from stately homes and palaces reach a small and humble shop. Waiting for the discerning eye to pick it up again. To re-enter the ups and downs of life, the believer waits for he knows that what goes up must come down. And compassion for humanity and rejection of social differences made Sufis deeply acceptable. In Mumbai, the presence of Haji Ali radiates an aura of love which continues to become stronger with time. On the coast of Mahim, the Dargah of Mahdum Shah Baba continues to draw devotees of all faiths. Various societies in Islam have evolved with changing times. You will see that Muslims of North had entirely different perceptions from Muslims leaving, for example, say, in Western India. Now, let us take the movement for education among Muslims after British rule was established. Now, the perception of Northern Muslims was very different. They thought that the Britishers have ruined them. So, they should not adopt British culture and British system of education. But Sarasaheb had realized that Muslims cannot survive without modern education. So, he started the movement for modern education. He started working for starting a college and there was lot of resistance to it. I mean, he was even declared as Kapil by some ulama. He was declared as a Christian as a Jew. All sorts of labels were used against him. But there was no such problem at all when Muslims in Bombay started educational institution known as Anjuman Islam. It was founded by Badruddin Tayyafji who was retired Chief Justice of Bombay High Court. Not only that, he did not meet with any resistance but Muslims readily cooperated with him and gave generous donations to start educational institution. Established in 1874, Anjumani Islam teaches young children to be relevant to the country in the light of Islam. It imparts meaningful modern education through hundreds of schools, colleges and various other technical training institutions under the visionary direction of its president, Dr. Ishaq Jamkhanawala. M.H. Sabhu Siddiq Polytechnics is amongst its well-known institutions. From the stars to wherever there is more, there is still more to love.  There is more in front of you, there is more in the sky. I was the only Jew of Bombay. There is more in my way. Take western India for example. These three mercantile communities, Boraz, Kojars and Mehman have made a lot of contribution to expansion of trade. So much so that even in banking they have made a lot of contribution. Some of the reformist Boraz established a Bombay mercantile cooperative bank in 1948 which has become one of the largest cooperative sector bank in India. The bank wherever the bank has opened its branches, very successfully they have broken this net of the middleman and they have made them to stand on their foot and they have changed the economy of that class of section of society which was being exploited by the middleman. Several hundred thousand weavers of Bhivandi with the dexterity of their nimble hands and the light of their eyes clothe the Indian populace. In Bhivandi, the Konkan Muslim society is actively involved in the field of education. A full-fledged medical college is in the offing now. Absorbed in the silence of their soul, drowned in the sound of mechanical rhythm, the craftsman is a tree who bears fruit for society. In every part of India, the Muslim artisan and weaver serves his brethren through his craft. Meerut is one such example. The Indian marriage is inconceivable without a brass band. The first brass band in India was introduced by Nadir Ali and his people continue this tradition till today. They began with no blueprint and out of sheer inventiveness designed ways of structuring the instruments. They introduced many things to the people. Why did they not introduce this area in the lives of the Indians? And in the lives of the Indians, marriage is the most important thing. The first brass band in marriage was accepted. Today, they have reached international standards of excellence. Among the scientists who made an outstanding contribution in the field of science in post-independence India, the name of Dr. E. Rahman is significant. Indian Muslims had a major impact on the field of development of science and technology in India. Particularly in technology, where a large number of artisans and craftsmen became Islam because Islam gave them social status and equality and they were highly prized. And this led to the major development. So if we look at the development of India over the period, the Islamic contribution or the contribution of Muslims was in fact creating a base for a new civilizational development. And today again, after the trauma, they have recovered at making major contribution in almost every field. Without profound understanding of science and technology, such magnificent monuments that have withstood the test of time could not have been created. Two dimensions which went on together, the exoteric, that is the racialism and all that, and the esoteric which was the internal one which was mystical. One of the greatest scholar and one of the most remarkable person was Alberuni who came to India. He stayed here for 13 years, wrote on every aspect of Indian science. Professor Syed Zahoor Qasim is not only a famous scientist but also an educationist. Driven by a sense of adventure, he researched on those aspects of science and technology that were yet unknown. And over a period of 40 years or so, we have now a full-fledged infrastructure and the country has done extremely well. We are working from 1970 in the Industrial Toxicology Research Centre. This institute was established by Dr. Sipthi Hassan Zahedi. If we say that the concept of industrial toxicology research in India was Dr. Zahedi. Like him, Dr. Kamar Rahman also works with an attitude of concern and serving humanity at large in the secular light of Islam. Her mission is to protect the health of the nation's working class. So we work on it. This is for the betterment of the workers. We want to take out such tests to find out when the disease develops. What are the diagnostic tests and how can we prevent workers from these diseases? So if we say small, small things about Islam, then we will realize that science gets ideas from Islam. Bara Imam Bara has the largest walled roof in Asia without the reinforcement of steel. The Nawabs of Avat created a refined synthesis of Indo-Persian architecture, poetry and music. Now a psyche of the Indian Muslim had begun to emerge. I met Dr. Halbe Sadik to understand the causes of backwardness of the Muslims in the North. I was a Muslim and I was a Muslim. But the scientists and the uluks who were with the Muslims wanted to take them out of the wall. Our situation has become that when East India Company attacked India, the Muslims were in charge of the attack. But the Muslims made a terrible mistake. They were only against the English. In reaction to the British oppression, the Muslims abandoned the study of English language, which had by then become the medium for scientific knowledge and development. He feels that while one should oppose the oppressor, one should acquire their positive attributes, as per the Hadith of the Prophet of Islam. In 1912, Maulvi Syed Karamat Hussain started a school for the education of Muslim girls, which has now become a degree college. This college makes available modern educational systems to girls of all castes and creeds. She expresses the need for holistic development of a girl to be relevant to the nation. Today in Lucknow, Nadwatul Ulum is an institution that imparts education based on the principles of Islam. Students from all over the world come here to learn. Besides many rare manuscripts, the libraries here have over 1300 dictionaries in various languages. Its founder, Maulana Syed Abdul Hasan Ali Nadvi, popularly known as Maulana Alimiya, is a world-renowned scholar in Islamic theology. Dioband is another such institution. The culture of avad, of always put the other first, became renowned for its hospitality. This culture of integration, which reached its pinnacle of refinement in the court of Wajid Ali Shah, was given a new complexion by the Tal-Lukedars of avad. They built the Lucknow University, called in Tal-Lukedar College, Medical College and many other institutions. The old and the new continues to blend. Besides avad and deli, the royal families of Rampur encouraged the traditions of integration. Lieutenant General Sani Khan belongs to one such family of Rampur. The new generation too is equally charged with the human concern and works for the welfare of the poor. Microfinance is a concept pioneered by the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It's very essential, I feel, in developing third world countries because it enables very small micro-enterprises to gain finances for themselves. After the collapse of deli, the Ganga Jamini culture of avad gained strength and became refined. The refinement entered every facet of social life, even cuisine, with an exquisite blend of finely ground and sieved condiments. And I found to my great joy, the Bazar food of avad was equally sumptuous. I think the strongest links is Islam's great belief and actual name Islam, which means peace. Peace is a thing that I think has been the greatest link between Islam and India. India of the days to Buddha, India of the days of Ashoka, India about which Aqbal had written and said. In the words of poet Aqbal, India is the land of saints like Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Jishti and Nanak, who reinforced the unity of God and the equality of man. This is the garden of Krishna, Jishti, Nanak and Varis, and their grace continues to bless the country. Such crowds of Hindus and Muslims, the very, very clear picture of national integration. And that shows that India has imbibed the spirit of love and kindness. It is a tradition to have a mela or a fair at the Dargah at the time of the urs of the saint. The melas are a shining example of successful efforts of the Sufis to integrate spiritualism with humanism. My husband General Habibullah was given charge of the army, navy and air force to build the whole three forces together and make the complete infrastructure for the entire future of India's one of the most sensitive areas. The defence. The culture that emanated from Lucknow did not remain restricted to Lucknow but spread to many other khaspas, satellite towns around it. Khairabad, Malihabad, Kakori, Mohan were some such districts where a cultural awareness took root and left its mark even on the rural life. In these districts an amazing tradition of music and literature evolved which produced poets of such great eminence as Josh Malihabadi, Hasrat Mohani and many others who played a laudable role in the national movement. God in his infinite wisdom has pointed out again and again to man, look how can you deny the graciousness, the bounties that I have bestowed upon you. Look at these beautiful mountains, these beautiful streams, the wind and the rain and the flowers, the chirping of the birds, the moving of ships in the bosom of the ocean. Look how can you deny the existence of God and love of God. I mean when you hear this almost like a beautiful, I wouldn't say a poem, it's an inspired word, but the rhythm and the beauty of this surat, I think anybody would be inspired. Calcutta, the destination of Sheh Shah Suri's Grand Trunk Road, joining the two ends of the country. Calcutta, where Vajad Ali Shah was recreated in Satyajit Re's Shatranj Ki Khiladi. Calcutta, where Raja Ram Mohan Roy epitomized the culture of Indian Persian integration. Calcutta, where Nazrul Islam's revolutionary Bengali songs still move the hearts of millions. The Imam Bara of Hajji Mohsin, built on the banks of the Hoogli, is a fine example of Indo-Dutch architecture. You see Calcutta, unlike any other city in India, was based on the collapse of the national power. Most of them were controlled by Muslims. For example, when Bahadur Shah's effort collapsed in 1957, he came to Calcutta in the Dubarn. On February 6th, 1857, 6th. Our work was annexed. Vajad Ali Shah came to Calcutta, 40,000 people, and settled in Matibrij. A new Lucknow was almost transplanted in Calcutta. In fact, one thing very interesting is that the sheriff who wrote his position at Lucknow. He was just 12 years old when he came to Matibrij. And the entire vivid account of Lucknow is to see that the text was written, what he saw of Lucknow in fact. Similarly, when Bibi handed over his children to Karnavali in 1978, then a new colony came up in Calcutta. This is the Tolly Ranch now. The Tolly Club, the RCGC Club, and the entire Tolly Ranch belong to Tipus Ul Phan family. And as many as 13 mosques in Calcutta have been built by Tipus Ul Phan. Another factor which is very important that Calcutta was emerging as the biggest cannolian city in India. And the most urban place and also perhaps at the time Calcutta emerged as the most cosmopolitan city in the world. I saw Ayan Rashid's film The Seventh Man on the Muslims of Calcutta. Every seventh man in the city was a Muslim and vital to the functioning of Calcutta. So the urban requirements brought in urban technology which only the Muslims were familiar with. For example, you've just seen the film that there's not a single brick-built house in Calcutta which has not been built by the Muslim royal mysteries or architects. Similarly in other areas like supply of milk, supply of flesh, supply of various other things which in fact the supply of all urban requirements were conducted by the Muslims. And in fact the transport system of Calcutta was also recognized by the people, early settlers of Muslims in Calcutta. So the Muslims were involved from the very genesis of the city of Calcutta. When Ghalib came to Calcutta from Delhi, he found the difference so striking that he wrote that famous poem, And in one of his letters he writes that if I had two lives, one I'll definitely spend in Calcutta and the other one where I don't know. Kurathul Ayn Haider's very first novel, Aad Kadariya, or The River of Fire, placed her in the forefront of Indian writers. Her works interpret sensitive human relations and rare emotions. Urdu is a language of synthesis, a language of love and understanding. Therefore it becomes beautiful and endearing. It was not born out of anger and conflict. It is one of the few languages which has a distinct expression of the feminine world. Ali Sardar Jafri is the standard bearer of revolutionary poetry among the progressive poets of India. He mirrored the emotions of the socially downtrodden. Winner of the prestigious Gyan Beat Award, Sardar Jafri stands as a symbol of the progressive movement. Meer Taqim Meer's poem is about how much I have listened to the voice of Kali. Nargis Dutt asked Padad Nahruz, who was sick, what kind of a feeling he had? He said that whatever comes to his mind, he thinks that his condition is good. The beauty and quotability of Urdu is unmatchable. There was a time when to enter the film industry, Dilip Kumar had to change his name Yusuf Khan. But times are different now. Apart from Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, there are many other Khans who did not once contemplate taking on a screen name to become acceptable. Indian Muslim is a category totally different from Muslims anywhere else in the world. He is completely different from, he is different from Muslims in Arabia, from Iran, from the Maghrib, Morocco, Algeria. He is, because he has grown up in an ethos where there are other communities, where there is a majority community and with whom he has lived in perfect harmony. Nowhere in the world has he been able to create the Taj Mahal. Nowhere was he able to create Lal Kala, Jamia Masjid, Ghalib, Josh Malia Badi, Iqbal. This makes the Indian Muslim a category completely different from Muslims anywhere else in the world. What is the spirit of Jamia and how would you say AJK MCRC has been able to imbibe that spirit? Well Jamia was established in 1920 during the freedom movement, in fact that's part of the freedom movement. The director of Jamia Melia Islamia AJ Qidwai Mass Communication and Research Center, Professor Habib Qidwai is a specialist in mass communication. I had this concept of Naith Ali which is a unique concept in the sense that their idea was to impart education by enabling students to learn by doing things with their own hands throughout the course. This thing is sort of inculcated into them that they are going to be very crucial element in the transformation that is taking place in the society around us as media persons. They should be sensitive to what is happening by way of social change, right? And they should be able to communicate it to others. It's very true. There is a dividing line that's the Narmada River. South of Narmada they are educationally very aware and it's an educational disurgence that has taken place in the south. North of Narmada in the so called Hindi built unfortunately Muslims have not progressed educationally. Hamdard has chosen very wisely the two major planks on which human resource development is based, health and education. The organization was set up in 1906 as Hamdard Dawa Khana. Gradually it progressed. Hamdard University is a unique institute that is not only known for its scientific teaching of the Unani School of Medicine but also for other professional careers. Syed Hamid has made important contributions towards the integrating of Madrasas with the curriculum of modern schools and colleges all over India. The result has been a university known as Hamdard University which was established in 1989. Hamdard Education Society is an umbrella organization for doing a lot of things. It's running three schools in Delhi. One is the Hamdard Public School which you had the occasion to visit this morning. Another is the Rabia Girls Public School which is in the walled city of Delhi. Yet another is Hamdard Primary School which is located on the campus of the Hamdard University. Apart from running these schools there is a talent search and scholarship scheme which Hamdard Education Society is conducting. But before we conclude I would like to mention the work being done by the Hamdard Study Circle. You know the representation of Muslims in these services has not been very impressive not very adequate either. So far we have been able to place more than 80 candidates in the highest civil services of the country IS and the allied services and that has generally been recognized. In Bangalore the contrast in education of the south and north is most pronounced. Alameen has done remarkable work in this field. The Ministry of Waqf in Karnataka manages several educational institutions and orphanages on this world and hereafter. And they ask you concerning the orphans say to set right for them their affairs is good. And if you become co-partners with them they are your brethren. The purpose of starting computer education centers in mosque is that we can provide at least introduction to computers and higher level education in that field to underprivileged people in the Muslim community. Alhamdulillah we have three centers in Bangalore and inshallah the fourth one is coming up at the largest mosque in Bangalore Jamia Masjid and that will be entirely for women. Educating a girl means educating a family as women are carriers of culture and knowledge which they impart to their children. The unique feature of Hasnath society is to take students week in studies and develop in them a spirit of competitiveness. Among the kings of India the name of Tipu Sultan has a special significance. While keeping an eye on his country and its problems he kept a close watch on world developments. This bloodstained saddle cover of Tipu's horse is a graphic reminder of his last fight for freedom. The aura of the shrine of Tipu Sultan moved Alama Iqbal to tears. Love and freedom are the spring of life. Love is my soul, freedom my faith. I can sacrifice my life for love but for freedom I could sacrifice my love. A court train which Akhtar Shirani wrote for the nation's great martyr Tipu Sultan. In century Kulir Kotub Shah the founder of the city of Hyderabad was one of the first Urdu poets to give expression to the tender emotions of a woman. The Mukhafamja Engineering Institute imparts education in all fields and facets of engineering. Hyderabad like Lucknow, Bhopal and Srinagar has a distinct culture of its own. During Ramzan as the evening draws the atmosphere around Charminar rejoices with festivities. One cannot talk about Hyderabad without mentioning the Nizam whose contribution in both education and culture is evident through the Osmania University. It is among the biggest universities of India. The Osmania Medical College was also built by Osman Ali Khan. Malik Bindinar a disciple of the Prophet of Islam along with his 12 followers came to Kerala with the message of friendship and love. This mosque is the symbol of this message whose fragrance continues to spread all around. The Muslim Educational Society MES was established in 1964. At that time there were only 30% literate Muslims. Today with their efforts the percentage has crossed 55%. Dr. M. A. Abdullah is the founder and chairman of this society which runs around 150 institutions in Kerala with the help of all faiths. This is the very house where Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had once lived. Sir Syed understood the root cause of the backwardness of the North Indian Muslim. Apporance of the English language. A visionary as he was he created a college integrating Western education with Oriental lifestyle. Today this idea has flourished into an international university and its education encompasses every conceivable discipline of knowledge. Its alumni have made a mark in their respective fields. Poetry, literature, history, cinema, sports, politics, science and technology. An endless list of names that have brought glory to the nation. Even presidents not only of India but Pakistan as well. I am amazed at the visionary personality of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Indeed he gave the most invaluable gift to the nation. Education. From all forms of imaginable craft to every form of art. Muslims in India have found a place in the heart of every Indian. Be it fireworks at Diwali or a trousseau of a wedding or a performance in a film, the dedication is from the soul. To create beauty comes from the urge within to relate. To break boundaries that divide man. The spirit soars with the vision that makes institution of men. Where the scientific temperament of Islam is balanced with its mystical quest. Where humility is the most attractive feature of human behavior. Where service to fellow man is the source of fragrance.


Garrett Cole versus Miguel Cabrera. Nothing crazy, crazy happens in this at bat. I just like reading the body language and the pitch sequencing. And Higgy calls for an inside fastball and Cole says, yes, that's what I'll throw to the future Hall of Famer. It's not an inside fastball, it's kind of outside. He yanked it a little bit, but it's a pretty nice pitch. Probably clips the corner. Maybe it dances around the plate. I think it looks pretty nice. I think Cole wants it. Higgy throws the ball over Cole's head. Real good strategy by Higgy. Make Cole forget about the bad call. Say, ump, he's gonna want another ball. There's no way he's gonna use the one that just touched the grass.  Give me a new one. Okay, gets back on the mound, tries to regain his composure. He says, okay, what did I just throw? What should I throw now? What did I just throw? Oh yeah, it was the strike. The ump didn't call. I'm in a hole now. Okay, I'll try something different here. Nice little mustache growing on the upper lip. Little peach fudge up there. And he goes, curve ball. But he yanks it way too early. Hey, he says, get a new ball. That one touched dirt. It's too gross. Now Garrett's like, okay, I went fast ball. I went curve ball. Why don't I try to change up? All right, well, he fouled that right back. I think he kind of liked it. I went two off-speed pitches in a row. I think, yeah, it was two off-speed pitches in a row. I think I should go back to the heater. Higgy, the catcher, checks to see if Cabrera's looking at him. He's not. Then he throws down one. Says, yeah, Garrett says, how'd you know? That's exactly what I would throw. Center cut fast ball. And Cabrera goes, I respect that. Center cut fast ball. Ready? 98, right down the middle. And Miguel Cabrera says, I respect that. I respect that. Higgy has nice pitch, man. Nice pitch. And Cole says, okay. You guys are talking to me a lot. I'm trying to work here. So now, Higgy's back behind the dish and he calls for a change up. And Cole says, ah, ah, ah, ah. Don't want that. Then he says, well, you want the curve ball? And he says, no, I spiked the curve ball. I don't want that. He says, you want another fast ball? He says, yeah, I'm challenging this motherfucker. Bam, 99 fouled back again. Now it's 2-2. He calls for the slider, actually. That's the slider and he yanks it. He's not happy with that. Cause now it's a full count and he's got to come at him. So let's see what he goes with here. Full count, change up. Love it. Cabrera's like, come on, dude. I thought you were gonna challenge me with the fast ball again. Throws the change up 3-2. And Cabrera, look at that. That's just a guy who respects a guy.  I should have known. I thought he was gonna try and come at me with another fast ball. Look at the change up grip there. Little circle change. Bam. Fun little game between one of the best pitchers in the league, one of the best hitters in the league.


Hello there. How are you? Just fine. You? Fine. This is regular. Well, Jesus has been cold and he's very down up there crying. Please give him a kiss. I should. All right? Yes. Yes, sir. Can I have a kiss, please? Come in. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Let me take your choice really please. Three hours on me. Let us talk. I just spoke with the Syrian foreign minister I get the . Within 24 hours we should get it off them. No, no. His Majesty asked me to be a tour service and it's his service and we'll get it to him, correct? Do you want to know that? Well, after you. No, you're our guest. How are you? I'm very serious. Oh, I'm sorry. I was thinking quite a bit about it. Mr. Craig, we'll get to the 11th thing that's on the set. I got it. Is that what I was saying? I'd like to take this. I hope you don't have to vote. I'll turn it down to Chandler. Here is the house you made and found myself cheering Tip O'Neill and Jim Wright. I don't want to make it. I don't want to make it. But, you're welcome. How did you grow up? I was president of the city. I was weak. Well, yeah, and yet you've done a problem behind the scenes that it made me want to turn around a few times. You want to tell us about those, Mr. Craig? No, they don't want to. Well, I've accelerated the news all the time. Don't you speak to Mr. Craig. Thank you. Just absolutely not. Mr. Craig, we do pose individual pictures. Oh, that's right. And we might as well do this later before we let them in. We'll give it to you a little. There's a lot on the plate right now. I can understand. I hope something comes out of it. I'm sure that what you're doing is beautiful. We see you every night. It was good to see you. It was good to see you from the plate off here. You just didn't see Mr. Mubarak or just... No, he's doing it. You're going to have a go getting him. See, that should be done. Well, if you'll forgive me saying so, for someone who lived in that neck of the woods for a very long time, if the story of the post this morning is correct, I think the move to engage serial in a more constructive way is going to help them out. I'm glad to hear that. I was waiting for that. He's a good guy. He's a sharp guy. I know all his houses in Europe now having new frames. Sorry. I can imagine the first time in Los Angeles, years ago, where he was in pilot training down in Alabama. F-16? It was the hottest jet in the year for us. His father's influence helps a lot. His father shall tell him. He'll give his hands a ride. He's the best. I'll just tell you, I think I have lots of good things to tell you. Sandy is the best. No, I know that you're right. I think the whole world has to also strengthen very hand and vote in the center. Very significant in the whole process. Oh, good. This is getting married in a couple of weeks. Just the other night. So this is going to be the wedding. That's all I know. Next weekend, which means your folks' day. She's the prettiest girl in the history of him. I love her. I was just thinking, I came down four days before you and I were in our relationship. Thank you. We were talking and I asked him whether he contributed the challenge of his defeats. The first three. The Iranian hostage situation. The counter. The third. If you had a hundred guests that you wouldn't guess would be the third. The Cubans in Florida. Can you believe that? Honestly, God, he said there were three reasons. And he kind of made them sort of equal. I have never understood it except that maybe you figure if you've carried state counties, you might have carried Florida, the whole South. I have never understood that. That's one of the questions. Breakers. Nice to see you. Nice to see you tonight. In regards to Ms. Reagan, Hank was out in Chicago the other day, by the way, for a memorial for Frank and she's doing great, because I think you're public. Yes. So we're very pleased with that. Thank you. Nice to see you. Thank you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Nice to see you. Cheers.


It's The Cube. Here is your host, Jeff Crick. Hi, Jeff Crick here with The Cube. We are on the ground in Silicon Valley, actually in Santa Clara, just across from R&B, Intel's headquarters, really in the heart of Santa Clara, where the Silicon is in Silicon Valley. And I'm joined here by my next guest, Tom Riley, CEO of Cloudera. Welcome. Hi, John. Good to be here. Good. Good to be in front of these racks of EMC and across from Intel. It's the internet. We're right here. This is the internet. Yeah, exactly. So we just had the panel discussion as part of the ACG Silicon Valley, big data, big money. You guys are right in the heart of it. This big data thing is real. It is real. That was a great panel. You know, what I loved about the panel discussion and what everyone was interested in is, what are the true business applications that are transforming industries? And you know, getting into that seemed to be what everyone wanted to hear. Yeah. Well, I think, you know, Jeff Kelly has presented in his kind of big data analysis that the big money is not necessarily in the vendors, but in these companies, the whole line, boring companies, putting this to work to make small incremental changes on really big numbers that equal big, big, big money. Yeah. We're seeing our most advanced customers really transform their businesses and create hundreds, if not billions of dollars of opportunity for them. You know, if you think of the whole automotive industry, now is collecting data off of cars. Data is streaming from cars and they're collecting that to offer, you know, better insights or better support and service around cars. So now, it's, when you buy a car, your manufacturer knows so much more about you. Insurance companies would love to get their hands on that data, because now they can start giving insurance based on how you use your cars, or if you think of things you use only occasionally, like a boat or an RV, why do you pay for insurance for a year if you only use it for three days? So you're experimenting how you do have a pay-per-use model. So the insurance industry is suddenly changing. Healthcare. They're working with healthcare providers who are sending patients home and censoring them and monitoring them remotely instead of down the hall in a hospital. Hospitals, that's when you get infections and when you heal slowly because you're in an uncomfortable environment.  Every industry is just, you know, transforming around these big data use cases. Yeah. I used an example of Tesla a number of times on the panel and really is being the biggest wearable device.  But you know, you gave an example of really the way the car interacted with you based on data. And I thought it was interesting what the Facebook guy said is that if it's done well, it's magical. If it's done poorly, it's creepy. But your car is not really your transportation, it's a very different kind of relationship you have. Yeah.   Or it may be, you know, monitoring your heart rate. Well, actually, the auto is the world's largest wearable. It's I listen to my music. I have my phone calls done through there. I have a GPS on there. And now it's tracking my driving habits. And the Tesla, when I recently entered it, actually asked me if I was commuting home because if I was, it noticed that there was congestion on my typical route and it had an alternate route for me to save me 20 minutes. That is like a game-changing experience in a car. And I realized, wow, data is changing the car experience and it's improving my life. And then that builds loyalty.  And that wasn't even, that's not even a giant data set example for it to yield that answer for you, right? Well, no, that's not necessarily true. For it to no congestion, it has to look at all the cars that are on, you know, it's probably they have a partnership with Waze or Google to get that data. But that's a big data set. And of course, they have to have the maps and the roads to anticipate alternate routes. So to calculate that from the time I got in my car, put my foot on the brake and it comes up with an alternate route. That's a big data problem. It's pretty cool. Now, the other interesting thing that came in the panel is somebody asked, what industry is not going to be disrupted? And you guys are all quiet as church bounces up there.  And you gave a number of examples of kind of flyover country, I think we talked about agriculture and farms and self-driving tractors and a whole bunch of stuff. I mean, this is real and it's happening now. Yeah. So, you know, we were asked by the audience, you know, what's an industry that won't be disrupted? And we couldn't think of one. And so one of the panelists said, well, maybe acting. Otherwise, acting is being disrupted by big data because we're now capturing all the data and all the ticket sales and attribute them to actors. And so actors' personal, you know, ability to charge for doing movies is going to be driven by data. So it is changing the acting world. Yeah. It's amazing. Well, Tom, thanks for stopping by. I know you got a long drive home in the car. So I appreciate you taking a few minutes. Thank you, John. It was a good time. All right. So I'm Jeff Frick.  I'm Jeff Frick. You're watching The Cube. See you next time.


Good evening dear viewers. I am Dr. Vikram Arunachalam. I am a consultant psychiatrist with Manipal for the last eight years. Overall I am in the field of psychiatry for the last 15 years. So it's a great pleasure to be here today and discuss about an important public health concern which is depression and suicide. So we do have a question and answer session so you can come up with your questions in the comment box and try to answer them. This will be an half an hour Facebook live. So even otherwise I am available even after this session so you can raise up the questions which will be taken up. So today I have come up with few questions which some of my patients had asked me during my consultation time. So in fact we will try to answer this. So I am not going into the technical depth of depression and suicide. We will try to understand depression in terms of public health view. So let us look at the current scenario of depression globally in India as well as globally and as well as in India. So globally the study says that nearly roughly 300 million people are depressed. So that's a huge number. So it's almost five percent of the population in world are depressed. So when we look at top five countries which are depressed India comes at second. It's unfortunate. So China overtakes us in the most depressed privilege of depression followed by India then US then it's Brazil and Bangladesh. So since the start of this COVID-19 pandemic there has been an enormous amount of stress especially this unprecedented lockdown has led to stress and depression. So a recent study in India had also showed that there is 43 percent of Indians were depressed. So this is a study as per the National Mental Health Survey and predominantly women were more depressed than men. So the ratio was 2 is to 1. So depression is a global health problem, the disability worldwide and major contributor for disability associated life years. So also the commonest cause for suicide in the suicide is following depression. So many tend to ask when I talk about depression when I do mention about the signs and symptoms of depression. Everyone would say that I would have gone through the same case. So am I depressed? So there is a difference between what is depression and sadness. So is it the same? So let's see. So an healthy person goes through the variety of mood states including transient feelings of sadness. So this sadness is a temporary phase and it is not very much disabling the person. There is no impairment in the, it is not incapacitating and it is non-pervasive and it's okay to feel sad at times but it is not long lasting. Whereas when we talk about clinical depression it's more of a pervasive, sustained and more intensive problem. So when we say depression it has to be throughout the day, it has to be on most of the time for several days in a week. Ideally we would say continued symptoms for two weeks of time. So it might be accompanied by a sense of guilt, feeling helpless, wanting to hurt self, lots of thoughts about self harm. There might be other biological disturbances like appetite, sleep disturbances and it might significantly impair the person's functioning levels also. So to clinically diagnose as depression there are three core symptoms. When I say core symptoms these has to be there mandately to make a diagnosis of depression, pathognomonic of this condition. So when we say the core symptoms it is low mood, feeling, that is feeling of sadness, fatigability, that is feeling excessively tired and at times feeling lack of interest. What we technically say is anidonia, not feeling pleasure for previously pleasurable activities. For example the person was interested in interacting with friends, going out with friends, all of a sudden that behaviour has changed now. So these are the core symptoms. So not everyone presents with these core symptoms. Many times what happens is in our clinical practice we are taught about as a medical student as a postgraduate in psychiatry I would have learnt about this core symptoms. But over the years when I see patients not everyone presents with these kind of core symptoms. Most of the time people tend to have what we call as mask depression. So mask depression is something like they tend to present with chronic pain symptoms. Many would approach doctors with symptoms of chronic headache, chronic low back pain, migraine headache. In spite of repeated doctor visits the doctor would not find any organic etiology, almost all the investigation should be normal. So these person would have an underlying depression but they don't tend to present it in the classical way but they tend to present it in a more medical way.  They tend to go for repeated medical visits and many people tend to report with reckless behaviors especially in child, child and adolescent depression. So the other question arises now. Most of them do ask me, do even have heard many of the talks in which some lay people would say that depression is a sign of mental illness. And they say that depression always occurs following a stressful event or a traumatic life event, which is not always true. So when I say depression, depression is a real problem, it is not an attitude, it is not a weakness, it is not a character problem, it is not a belief, it is not something by choice. Depression is a medical problem, it is just like another medical condition like people tend to have hypertension, people tend to have diabetes, people tend to have thyroid issues. So similarly depression is a medical problem. So what happens when I say it is a medical problem? For example when a person with a liver condition at an underlying liver pathology tends to develop jaundice. So similarly depression occurs when there is a malfunction of an organ, in this case the organ is a brain. So when the brain does not function well, so people tend to be depressed. So there is no way that the person can come out of depression on his own or the person can think positively when the brain is affected. So just like other condition of liver or any other organ which needs treatment, even this condition needs a treatment. So when we say that depression does not occur, only depression, the stressful events precipitate or trigger the depressive events. So it does not mean that they are the root cause for depression. So depression when we say about the reason, the etiology, the causes for depression, we would say that there are three cluster of factors which results in depression. So it is not one factor, it is an intermixed of all these three cluster group of factors which results in depression. So we call it as bio-psychosocial model, biological factors, psychological factors, social and environmental factors. So let us see what are these factors that results in depression. When I say biological factors, there are a lot of neurochemicals in the brain, neurotransmitters. When there are neurotransmitter abnormalities in the brain, when the neurotransmitter levels are altered, people tend to have depression. In some neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, people tend to have depression. In some endocrinological abnormalities like thyroid condition, low thyroid levels, hypothyroidism, people tend to have depression. And in some cases, say 15 to 20 percent, people with a genetic, with a heredity history of depression, they tend to have depression. So sometimes it runs in the family. So with genetic pre-loading, people tend to have depression. So when I say this is about the biological factors, when I say psychological factors, so the personality of the person, the coping patterns, the temperament of the person and some early developmental factors like childhood trauma, childhood abuse can result in depression. So social and environmental factors are always overrated when compared to the psychological and biological factors. So definitely they do contribute a lot of stresses like losses, exit events, we call as exit events like the death of the beloved ones, unemployment, poverty, poor social support, all these can result in depression. So it is an inter-mixture of all these factors. So not one factor we cannot pinpoint that this is the reason for depression. So when we talk about depression, it is not a single thing. I mean, there are different types of depression. So there isn't what we call as unipolar, it is a major depression disorder. People, a person doesn't have any other symptoms except for signs of depression. Sometimes it can happen in bipolar-affective disorder. Personal bipolar-affective disorder can have a mania as well as depression. It is called as bipolar depression. And sometimes it can have a seasonal effect too. In certain seasons, people tend to become more depressed than other seasons. We call it as seasonal-affective disorder. Then there is something called as dysthymia. Dysthymia is persistent, depressive symptoms. It is a low-grade, very mild symptoms lasting continuously for more than two years or so. So it is called as dysthymia. And there is a condition which happens following a psychotic disorder. Psychotic condition is a different condition which is more of a thought disorder, thought process disorder. So people tend to have psychotic depression. And the most common these days what we are seeing is it happens in peripartum. That is mostly which happens during the pregnancy time. Which is called as postpartum depression. So these are different types of depression. Each type of depression needs an individualistic approach when it comes to management. So generally, we know what is depression. Most of them identify depression. We can identify depression in our colleagues. We can identify depression in our friends and the family members. But why people are generally reluctant to seek help? Not just depression. I have seen even in other mental health conditions, people don't voluntarily seek help. They are very reluctant to seek help. So why is this discrepancy when we compare this to physical condition? So when there is physical illness, I have hurt my finger. There is an headache. I have a fever. So I voluntarily go and approach the physician or any other general practitioner and talk about my illness. But when it comes to depression, there is another mental health condition. Still there is a lot of social stigma. People don't want to come up in open. They are not happy to discuss about their depression or any other mental health condition. Because there is a fear that the person might be branded as mentally ill. They might be having a fear that when I am mentally ill, nobody would marry my daughter or nobody would talk to my family members. They would try to isolate us. So all these kinds of perceived stigma is there. And also there is a lot of misconceptions about mental health issues and mental health treatment. So when it comes to treatment, people would have a lot of misbelief that notions about psychiatric illness and medication. They would feel that treatment is lifelong. I would be put on sleeping pills. And many times I develop side effects with the medication. It is not true. Maybe these were true two decades back. So almost in the last two decades, there has been leaps and bounds of advances in psychiatry. So we do not give sleeping pills unless and until it is an exclusive sleep disorder. So there are specific medications for specific disorders including depression. And also there has been leaps and bounds progress in the research. So the scientists have found out which lobe, which hormone, which neurotransmitter patients. So particular medications are given. So the most important aspect in psychiatry is early identification and treatment of the condition. The more it is prolonged, the more the treatment gap is more and the treatment is also much prolonged. So we need to identify the condition early. To identify the condition early, we need to come out of these stigma and notions about psychiatric illness. And we need to discuss about these things. We need to come up in the open forum. So off late, there has been instances where many Bollywood actresses like Deepika Podukone who is a Brand Ambassador for Indian Psychiatric Society have acknowledged about our problem, acknowledged that she had depression and suicidal ideas. She came up in open. She started her own foundation, Lea Lowlough Foundation which is catering to many adolescent and other people with the depressed disorder. So let's see. So we have understood what are the clinical features of depression, what are the reasons that cause depression. We have seen the different types of depression. We understood why people are reluctant in seeking depression. So now we will try to understand what will be the impact of depression on any person. So depression is not a single entity. So when the person is depressed, it can affect the family in the longer and it can affect the society in the longer and it can affect the entire country as well. So it impairs functioning, it impairs physical health and it lowers the quality of life. When we say physical health, so depression and physical illness run hand in hand. So most physical illness has an underlying stress hypothesis. So many people with depression tend to have or have comorbid cancer, hypertension, diabetes, malates, thyroid condition, dementia, multiple sclerosis and many other neuropsychiatric condition as well. So there has been a lot of studies in international studies as well as studies in India which says that there is a risk of diabetes is a two-fold increase in people with depression. And similarly when a person with diabetes, sorry, an vice versa, person with depression have a two-fold risk of having diabetes and person with diabetes have a two-fold risk of having depression as well. So for example also even the cardiovascular conditions, when two person had an heart attack, myocardial infarction, so imagine one person died. So the psychological autopsy and researches on this person has shown that that particular person pre-morbidly before we develop the cardiovascular condition had a depressive disorder. So the depression and depressive disorder just like other medical condition has lot of mortality and morbidity increases the rate of other medical condition as well as increases the death rate. So risk of diabetes, risk of cardiovascular condition, everything is increased and in the longer run it can affect the, it can lower the quality of life. So many people with depression do tend to feel suicidal but is it true that all suicides are because of mental health issue or depression? This is not true. So suicidal behavior indicates deep sense of unhappiness but not necessarily mental disorder. People with mental disorder or not all mental disorders do feel suicidal and vice versa. So it's true that most suicides happen suddenly without warning which is not true. So most of the majority of suicides have been preceded by warning signs. The warning signs might be verbal and behavioral as well. So of course there are some suicides which can happen very impulsively but most of the time what we do when we do a psychological autopsy on a person with suicide. So we would all find that the person would have directly or indirectly indicated about his suicidal wishes. So death wishes to relate you to a close friend or to a family member or maybe to the general practitioner. So we should be as a general public, as a medical fraternity, as other specialists, even the layman has to understand some of the risk factors or high risk factors in suicide, especially in a country like India. So why we are emphasizing more about suicides in India? The suicide due to depression has tripled in India almost after this pandemic. And the most scary thing is people are talking about the pandemic of depression and other mental health issues which can be much more severe than the COVID pandemic. So it is important to understand what are the warning signs and look out for this in people. When people come and talk to you, don't underestimate their suicidal thoughts, don't underestimate, don't advise them before listening to them empathetically. So suicide, as I told you, it is very common among the age group of 15 to 29. It can happen across all the age groups, but most common in India is between the age group of 15 to 29, the risk is very high. And unfortunately India is known to be infamously called as a suicide capital in Asia and it is going to be going beyond Asia also. And I am right now in Bangalore. Bangalore is also called the currently surpass Chennai and other cities to be known as the suicide capital of India. So it is our duty to know about the warnings and just like in hypertension or diabetes, when people try to educate that for example the COVID situation pandemic, people tend to explain the medical pattern, when you are having cough, when you are having fever, when you are having body pain, loss of smell, loss of taste, these are symptoms of COVID. Similarly, there are some symptoms where you can identify that the person has a high risk for suicide. So nobody commits suicide just out of the blue. So most of them have a direct or express a direct or indirect cue. So when we tend to learn these warning signs, we can easily help them and prevent this suicide in most of the cases. So this suicide can happen in any of our family members, can happen to our colleagues or any other person. So be aware of the warning signs, understand and help the suicidal person. So there is no, there is nothing called as a typical suicide victim. We cannot say that this person, he or she will commit suicide. It can happen to young, it can happen to old person, it can happen to rich, it can happen to poor. Fortunately these warning signs are there which when acted upon can save lives. So let's see what are the warning signs. A person might be suicidal if he talks about committing suicide repeatedly. He has trouble in biological symptoms, repeatedly sleep disturbances, continuously having eating disturbances. There is a drastic changes in the behavior, the behavior. Suddenly the person becomes withdrawn, doesn't interact with family members, doesn't interact with friends or relatives. And all of a sudden experiences high, very feeling energetic, feeling very high. All these are also sudden changes in behavior or risk factors for suicide. He withdraws from friends and social activities. There is loss of interest in his usual hobbies, loss of interest in work, loss of interest in school, especially in children we would see. And many a time people tend to prepare for the death by making a will or even final arrangement. They would say that they would give their personal belongings. The person in normal times would not even share anything. But during this kind of a suicidal tendency, people tend to share their prized position. And when a person has attempted suicide in the past, the risk factor is high. So he takes unnecessary risks. He has had a recent severe losses in finance. All these are risk factors.  He talks to people, talks to friends about death, watches more of death news. So all these are risk factors. And the person tends to be withdrawn from everyone. He tends to lose interest in self-care. There is an increase of a person might be using alcohol or drug or tobacco. All of a sudden there is an increase in use of alcohol and smoking. All these are risk factors and warning signs for suicide. So when we understand about these warning signs, we can easily help people to seek help and prevent the suicidal tendency. So we have understood about warning signs and suicide does not happen out of the blue. So people would have directly or indirectly given a clue about their suicidal tendency. And now how to reduce this risk? We have talked about all the warning signs. So there are a lot of measures to prevent the suicide as well. So there are a lot of protective factors. Just like this risk factor, just like the negatives, there are some positives also. Protective factors to prevent suicide. So the foremost is the belief that it is okay to seek somewhere. An early identification and early intervention is the best method. And good problem solving skills in the person, good coping skills in the person. An optimistic outlook, feeling always optimistic, having a positive attitude and ready and eager to seek help from others. So when I mean eager to seek help, it need not be a psychiatrist or any other mental health professional or even the medical fraternity. You can seek help from near and dear and friends and relatives, talk about their problem, come up in the open, discuss about their problem. See most of the time what happens is when we talk about the problem itself, we feel that when we are heard by the other person, most of our problems get addressed. So at least initially we feel reassured and we do not go for this extreme step. So we need to try to increase the person to talk about his problems. And obviously a positive family and good social support and studies have even shown that good spiritual support is a protective factor. Against suicide and other depressive conditions. So these are the protective factors which can prevent against suicide. So also there are, we would like to emphasize on the health helpline in our country. We have a health helpline 104. So 104 also catered as a suicide helpline. So it is 24 bar 7 into 365. So it can be for person feeling restless, having this kind of thoughts about feeling helpless. So when I say helpless, they tend to have a triad of symptoms. People tend to feel helpless about this situation, feels hopeless about future, feeling worthless and feeling burden on others, family members or relatives or friends. So when he expresses these kind of thoughts, when he feels that there is no one to discuss, he can immediately dial toll free number 104 and talk about his conditions. So we have seen what are the risk factors and what are the protective factors for suicide. So finally we will discuss on how depression and other mental health conditions are treated. So when it comes to treatment of mental health conditions or depression, so there is nothing as a trailer made treatment, trailer made treatment approach. There is nothing as a common pill, one pill works for everyone. So it is an individualistic approach. So each, it has to be holistic, holistic means it is the multiple things are involved in addressing depression or any other mental health condition. So the most common is medications and talk therapy. When I say medications, medication target the altered biology. Medicines for depression are as important as giving a talk therapy. Talk therapy targets the altered psychology. So when I say medications, there are a varied medications. So like earlier the medications were like two decades back, we didn't have much of medications. So a lot of sleeping pills were given. So which was incapacitating the person, the person was unable to work. Sleepy, sleepy, drowsy, but these days we have specific medication given for a short period of time. Once the symptoms tend to remit, we can gradually taper and stop the medication also. And in severe depression, we have a most effective means of treatment called as electroconvulsive therapy. So it is a very safe treatment even in pregnancy and even in childhood. Children's electroconvulsive treatment has been effectively given without any kind of complications. So as I said, it's an holistic approach. Medications would be the mainstay. Along with medications, simultaneously we would do this talk therapy. Therapy is more structured. So we have a lot of therapy, supportive psychotherapy, interpersonal therapy. What we commonly use in depression is what we call as CBT, cognitive behavior therapy. So cognitive behavior therapy addresses the thoughts, emotions and actions of the person. So this is a structured therapy done by a psychologist. So it has to be done on an average of six to eight sessions. It again depends on the individual's problems. So along with that, there is an emphasis on family therapy also. So when a person is depressed and when a person is suicidal, it doesn't affect the individual alone. It can have an impact on the other family member, especially more commonly the spouse. There is a caregiver burnt out in most of the mental health condition. So family approach also, family scoping skills has to be enhanced. Family, the relaxed family person, the spouse has to be taught relaxation procedures. So in the longer run, so the family issues is also addressed. The person's outcome recovery also will be much better when the spouse is more understanding and accepting the person's medical and the psychiatric condition. So we have understood what is how depression is treated. So medication would be the mainstay. When we initiate the medication early, it can be tapered and stopped early also. So just like we understood the protective factors in suicide, there are some ways we can prevent depression and also some mental and other mental health condition like the anxiety spectrum disorders. So we need to effectively enhance our coping skill strategies. The most commonly advocated, just like in physical condition, the most commonly advocated in most of the psychiatric conditions are exercises, having a regular exercise regime, bringing about lifestyle changes, getting adequate sleep. We do talk about good sleep, hygiene sleep is very, very essential just like as we eat our food, sleep is very essential. And diet also, we need to keep a watch, some of the diet can alter our physiological, bring up our physiological changes, can increase our stress hormone levels and predispose us to depression. So this is about depression, this is about suicide, how we can identify depression, how we can identify suicide, how we can treat depression and how we can prevent depression. So just given an overview about this, in detail if you want we can share the materials also available through our platform. So let's see, we can take up some of the questions from the comment section. So there is a question on how does anti-depressant help cope up with depression. So as I told you, it is a depression, a lot of biological changes does happen when a person is depressed. So the neurotransmitter levels gets deranged. So when I say depression, there is an hormone called a serotonin which is an happiness hormone, serotonin, dopamine gets deranged. So most of the time we tend to give serat, SSRA, serotonin, selective serotonin, re-uptake inhibitors which regulates the serotonin levels in the brain and it helps the person with depression. So most of the melancholic biological depression can be addressed with anti-depressants. So there is a question on how to deal with people who have multiple personality disorders because it is difficult to deal with people having multiple personality disorders. And this could lead to depression, I think the depression in caregiver and mental challenges for people around them. So we need to evaluate, so personality issues is a different component. So personality problems has to be evaluated in depth. We need a psychologist, a psychological evaluation for a personality issues and the person has to be addressed based on the kind of personality. We have three clusters of personality, cluster A, cluster B and cluster C which has a different behavioural manifestation. So definitely it can be addressed. That is a different topic so it can be discussed later. So a message from Sundar, thank you for sharing knowledge of prevention of depression and symptom. Thanks Sundar. So I hope it was informative. So we are ready to take up any other questions. So can depression be masked without the course in them? Yes, obviously.  We see that people are open and happy to talk about their mental health issues, especially depression. They do come and say, I am feeling sad, I am unable to cope with it, I feel like crying, I am feeling suicidal. But depression and mental health is still a taboo subject in India. So people don't tend to openly express about depression. So it tends to be submerged inside and people tend to express their psychological problems in terms of somatic symptoms, that is bodily symptoms. So what we commonly see as psychiatrists is people tend to come with chronic pains, chronic low back pain, chronic headache, sexual disturbances, interpersonal disturbances, behavioural disturbances. So all these things are symptoms of mask depression. So as a mental health professional, when we sit and evaluate about other symptoms, signs and symptoms of depression, we can diagnose depression. I don't think I don't see any other questions. If there are no more questions, I think we can end the session now. So thank you all. Thank you. So if there are any other doubts, you can write down this email id we would be sharing. So we can clarify your doubts. Thank you.


Really big story developed overnight concerning the leader of the Scottish Labour Party Richard Leonard He's a member of the Scottish Parliament in Holyrood has huge implications for a number of reasons I'll talk about more why in a second Reported on by the Times very well I should add as well now the headline doesn't really give much away Richard Leonard resigns the Scottish Labour leader So what you're thinking well go down a few paragraphs and What's outlined here is a conference call involving senior party figures the party's only MP in Scotland Ian Murray the party's depth leader in Holyrood Jackie Bailey also on the right David Evans the secretary the general secretary Angela Rayner and various potential donors and Labour laws and It's claimed in this article That potential donors and this is a quote now who are understood to have said they would not back Labour While mr. Leonard remained in post so a stipulation was we will not give you money Until Richard Leonard leaves his position less than 24 hours Richard Leonard has gone Less than 24 hours later That's a bit of a coincidence particularly when you think it was only last September that Richard Leonard successfully saw away Effectively an attempt to get rid of him by members of the Scottish Labour Party by the party right So that was only three and a half months ago, and yet he's gone within 24 hours of a call Concerning a gentleman worth more than 200 million pound potential donors besides him Labour Lords and and the party leadership Seems a bit strange doesn't it now if you don't know much about Richard Leonard Which you probably don't if you don't live in Scotland in particular He was effectively a surprise winner in that Leadership race three years ago. I believe it was he was the favorite candidate of Jeremy Corbyn He was from the parties left and the right were very surprised that he won and effectively They've been trying to undermine him ever since he's not really had a fair crack of the whip But in any case Labour in Scotland are doing terribly Terribly You know they're gonna do very badly in May which makes this Resignation all the stranger, you know, I think I think many many people Expected Richard Leonard to go but after May and it certainly doesn't suit the parties Right doesn't suit the leadership that he goes now because they would have preferred him Taking the hit frankly and then getting their own people in after May So that makes this all the stranger and it's why I think there's probably some water here in this claim about a donor saying He has to leave and then him going now Yes, it's been hard for Labour and they're not doing particularly well But it's important to say this precedes Richard Leonard in the 2015 general election Of course Labour famously lost 40 of 41 Scottish seats They were left with one seat in Scotland a single seat, which is Ian Murray's seat Which is what they're at now today and of course in the interim they got seven seats in the 2017 general election We don't like to talk about that of course because Jeremy Corbyn was the Labour leader We don't like to talk about it in any case Labour have huge problems in Scotland. That's nothing you like I say It's been on the horizon really I would say for six years Although it's important to say the SNP have been a dominant force in Scottish Politics for the best part of a decade now, which is really impressive and to still be polling so high Anyway, I think this story has huge implications for a number of reasons You've got Kirsten Dahmer, you've got Angela Rainer and by the way the party leadership aren't saying this didn't happen You know, they're briefing various lines to journalists about how Angela Rainer was kind of Harried by various people. It was an ambush. So it took place and broadly speaking. There's a confirmation of these events Angela Rainer was you know treated very poorly She stood up for the leadership said it's up to the Scottish party whether or not Richard Leonard stays on Which is of course what she should be saying. She's alleged to say that by the way I've had that confirmed by two separate people, but who knows ultimately But here's the thing you have a bunch of people on a call donors who voted for them nobody Labor Lords who voted for them General secretary who voted for that and then you've got English politicians. Okay, there's Ian Murray. There's Jackie Bailey, too But fundamentally you've got English politicians Deciding whether or not a leader of the Scottish Labor Party should stay in his post You've got donors Determining whether an elected leader can stay in his post. You've got unelected Labor Lords Saying that an elected MSP isn't doing a job So there's a major problem there And I think particularly for those members of the Labor Party in Scotland who say and there's some great people up there Paul Sweeney who's running for elections later this year. He would say we need new constitutional settlement to give Scotland more power more devolution but to stay in the Union And I think that's the only way independence doesn't happen and I don't think labor are going to adopt that position But I think it's the only way it won't happen But how can you substantively say we want to give more power to Scots? But the UK Labor Party won't even give substantial autonomy to the Scottish Labor Party The leader of the Labor Party Westminster decides when the leader of the Scottish Labor Party has to go That's not good is it? I mean that tells you that's the first point I want to make here that the the Scottish Labor Party is in no way independent of the the Westminster Labor Party It should be but it certainly isn't now It certainly isn't when you've got a left-winger in charge in Scotland and you've got Keir Starmer down in London now Secondly, and this is an ancillary point, but I think it's hugely important is Are we now in a place with labor where donors decide who can and can't lead a political party? I mean, I think this is a really huge story Can you imagine if there was a multi-billionaire multi-millionaire said to the 1922 committee and for some reason the conservative party needs some money? Because they're broke never going to happen because they're the party of the 1% but let's just speculate here You have to get rid of Boris Johnson or you have to get rid of Theresa May or John Major, whoever And if you don't we're not going to give you money We won't fund you And then within 24 hours that that leader had left People would say wow that is not how democratic politics is meant to operate And yet that's precisely what's being alleged here in the Times Now it's important to say there's not been an official response about You know Richard Leonard's views here. He's not really gone into specifics Uh sources said the meeting had no bearing on mr. Leonard's decision Which was made by him alone and as I understand it he almost certainly wanted to leave But like I say it's so strange. He doesn't go in september and he goes within 24 hours of a call Where a man worth more than 200 million pound is on the call and donors are saying that money won't be going to the labor party unless Richard Leonard walks So that's the that's the second point our donors now effectively in charge of the labor party And where does it stop if they are if donors can determine Who is the leader of the Scottish Labor Party? Can they determine the party's policy on public ownership of water on tuition fees on the living wage? Can they work out the party's policy on broadband? You know, is this now, you know, the best democracy that money can buy? And what makes all the more tragic is actually under Jeremy Corbyn the labor party had plenty of money It had plenty of money. Why because it had this huge membership It had trade union money had a really Really sustainable revenue model, which he didn't have by the way 15 years ago The party was facing bankruptcy and now that problem is sort of reemerging because We think about 100,000 people have left and unions are salami slicing funding And of course the general economic context isn't great. So even if you're wealthy and you want to give money to labor There's not a general election of three and a half years Things are really tight. You're probably going to leave it. So labor have big problems in terms of money And so now we maybe face the situation where they've got to take out the begging bowl They did not have to do this. It's entirely of their own making and effectively Genuflects go down on one knee To people who can donate millions of pounds and even if it's not true that Lenard left because of this demand We know for a fact that Angela Reina was, you know, spoken to quite badly On this phone call that she was ambushed that basically people with money think they can push the labor leadership around Let's go to a clip now. This is from Neil Findley. Um A big figure on the labor left in Scotland And he was speaking late last night and the concluding remark he makes What he says I think is critical here. I think there's a number of things at play here Richard Leonard has been undermined from the very beginning of his leadership by People within the Labour Party within the parliamentary group of the Labour Party who could not accept that their Preferred candidate lost and they've thrown their toys out the pram from the beginning And they've indulged in some absolutely appalling behavior With a continual undermining of Richard and anyone or anything associated with him. It's been absolutely outrageous behavior And was the other people involved? Well, apparently Um, we we hear reports that there were other people involved and that Last night there was a meeting between Some senior people in the party in scotland and Westminster level With millionaire donors to the potential millionaire donors to the party Who said that they would only donate to the Labour Party if Richard Leonard resigned and that provoked I understand The intervention of the UK leader to get rid of Richard Leonard That's a big claim Kirstam at the behest of a donor Asked the Scottish Labour leader to leave So we have two problems. I was already highlighted The first is that you don't have real autonomy as Scottish Labour You're dictated to by Westminster highly the best message when most scots want to leave the union And secondly that happens because somebody says it has to happen Otherwise they won't donate money to the party now. That's not coming from me. You know, we're looking at multiple sources here I've heard things from people I've spoken to you have Neil Findley saying this and of course there's that times article And we just get back to the fact, you know, he sees a rare challenge two and a half months ago and yet within 24 hours of this call He's gone It doesn't add up Now I think Labour in Scotland is is toast. I think they have huge problems, but I think the optics of this in particular Are awful. They are awful You know Labour love to talk about the democracy and how the Tories and their mates Dolling out outsourcing contracts and how corrupt they are Labour's just potentially got rid of a leader in Scotland because the donor said they had to How's that any different? The difference is Labour aren't in power and the Tories are You know, there's that great saying about Two cheeks on the same ass or an Italian new set as a frittata. You turn one side up Down and then you get the you know, it's it's the same thing and Sadly with a story like this, that's how Labour look they look like the Tories They look like the Tories, but without the money and without the resources Very concerning and anyway, I'll finish with this. I was speaking to a Scottish labor activist earlier on this evening And he said the tragedy of this is that the the Labour right in Scotland will now Reassert control and they're exactly the people who brought us here in the first place And they've in no way had to engage with the fact that they were at the helm When the party lost 40 or 41 seats in in 2015 Because they were in his words Let me get this straight disillusioned And disenfranchised and the exact same Scottish Labour politicians are now Back in charge the people who were overseeing a politics where people felt disillusioned and disenfranchised A really really terrible indictment on Labour Even if it's not like I say the worst case scenario that they can be pushed around By donors and it doesn't bode well for anybody who thinks that the Labour party with this leadership Will deliver on anything not even resembling a radical policy a problem-solving policy If you're being pushed around by multimillionaires And telling elected politicians they have to go It's a terrible state for first


Hello everyone welcome to the vegans guide to the most commonly asked questions. Me and a patreon have been working side by side on this project and we decided to put this together so that vegans have a resource they can use especially new vegans you might not know what to say when people ask you these questions so we're going to bang through about 11 that we thought were the most significant and see if we can help you guys out with that. Why are you vegan? I'm vegan because if harming an innocent being isn't necessary for my survival or my health I refuse to participate in it. We're genetically modified, selectively breed, mutilate, enslave, torture and kill around 60 billion land animals and 2.7 trillion marine animals every year for no other reason than they taste good. Where's the justification in this? Eating animals in their byproducts is also the most contributing factor to some of the leading diseases including the world's number one killer heart disease of which a plant based diet is the only diet known to reverse. If you care about humans it contributes to ongoing issues such as world hunger, threatens our environment as the leading cause of amazon deforestation, marine habitat destruction, greenhouse gases, species extinction and a host of other destructive forces plaguing the earth and jeopardizing our entire existence. Exploiting animals for food, products, medical testing or entertainment is cruel, unnecessary, unhealthy, unsustainable and therefore immoral. Why am I vegan? The question is why aren't you? But we're designed to eat meat. Does watching slaughterhouse footage make you get hungry? I can't of all would. Do we have long sharp claws, pointy teeth and run after our prey and pounce on them and eat them raw flesh, bones, brains and entrails? I can't of all does. If it's our design then why can we only eat flesh when it's been butchered, sanitized, prepackaged, cooked, seasoned and served with plants? If we're designed to eat meat why does it drastically increase our risk of heart disease, diabetes and bowel cancer? Sounds like a pretty bad design to me. But our ancestors ate meat though. Ancestors ate meat for survival. Current humans don't. We have thousands of plant-based alternatives. Ancestors didn't. Ancestors scavenged for what they could find. They didn't purposefully breed billions of animals into existence for the sole purpose of killing them and eating them. Hashtag ancestors didn't have factory farms. A hunter gatherer's life expectancy was on average around 21 to 37 years old. Our ancestors also saw women and other racists as second class and held slaves for their own advancement. Our ancestors have also killed millions of people in wars because of discrimination and lust for power. Do you still think we should model our behaviour from that of our ancestors? Where do you get your protein and iron from? Vegans on average have less nutrient deficiencies than non-vegans. Where does the animal you eat get the protein and iron from? All protein and nearly every other nutrient comes from plants to begin with. Why are you filtering your nutrients through an animal? When you eat meat, yeah there are some nutrients but what about the baggage that comes with it? Saturated fat, cholesterol and carcinogenic animal protein? If we can avoid harming animals and ourselves by going straight to the plant-based source, why wouldn't we? But I believe in humane slaughter. As long as the animal has a good life before they get killed it's okay right? How do we kill an animal in a humane way that wants to live? Humane means to show compassion. Is murder compassionate? Just because someone had a good life would that justify ending it? If your parents said to your Billy, yes mommy and daddy? You've had a great life so far. We've treated you really well but now we're gonna have to slaughter you. How would you feel? Betrayed? What the f- But what if I had my own backyard hens that were free to roam around my property and I used them for eggs? What if I wasn't abusing them? Are you already vegan except for those eggs? Because if you're still consuming animal flesh, stolen baby cow's milk and exploiting animals in other areas of your life then we can't really have the backyard egg discussion just yet. But if you are, were the hens rescued or did you buy them unethically? When you take a chicken's egg it distresses the chicken then they feel like they have to lay another.  What if you're at a restaurant and it was egg as an ingredient? The fact that you still view eggs as food wouldn't deter you from eating them in other areas of your life. Would you have these chickens if they didn't provide you with a product? I love my chicken. Gimme those eggs. Beside the fact that there's the same amount of cholesterol in an egg as there is in a Big Mac, it's still an issue to view our animal brothers and sisters as a resource. That breeds an exploitation mentality which will gradually snowball into the issues we have with animal agriculture today. Chicken's eggs are part of their menstrual cycle.  But God put animals here for us to eat. Isn't it humans who are playing God?  If they are placed here for our use, why is the use of these beings causing so much destruction to ourselves and the earth? Is a slaughterhouse a place of God? If God put them here for us to eat, why do they value their lives, value their families, avoid pain and suffering, are sentient and experience their own subjective reality, why would a loving God do that? Sounds like the work of the devil. God could have just made food that doesn't feel pain. Oh wait a second, he did. It's called plants. But if the whole world went vegan overnight, we would have too many animals on earth. Wouldn't they take over? Well why have we got so many animals on earth to start with? We breed billions into existence annually. It's absolutely impossible for the world to go vegan overnight. As veganism expands, demand for animal products will decrease. Therefore, there will be a gradual decrease in animals being bred into existence. FYI, cows, chickens and pigs will not take over the world and try to eat you. But animals eat other animals? Why shouldn't we? Lions eat their own children? Why shouldn't we? Lions sniff each other's butts? Why shouldn't we? Lions frolic naked in the safari with zero technology and freely mate with whatever female they desire to without consent? Why shouldn't we? This is an appeal to nature fallacy. Good and bad things happen in nature so we can't use nature as a moral guideline. Animals are not moral agents and they act out of survival. Humans have plant-based alternatives to choose from. Lions don't. Hashtag Lions don't build factory farms. Most animals are herbivores. Why do we model our behavior from what a lion does? But plants, don't they have feelings too? You really think chopping up a carrot is the same as stabbing a puppy? Oh my god! Plants do not have a central nervous system or a brain. Therefore, they do not experience pain or subjective reality. Plants are alive but they're not sentient. They also don't have a brain to process, anticipate fear or death. Plants have intelligence just like your iPhone does. They both react to stimuli in the environment. They don't respond consciously like an animal does. There's not a reputable scientist on earth that believes plants are sentient. Hey Siri, do you feel pain? That may be beyond my abilities at the moment. But I love the taste of meat and dairy. Do you think deriving pleasure from something justifies an act of violence? The vegan market has expanded so much, we now have great tasting alternatives to meat and dairy. Nearly every fast food restaurant can be veganized. GQ's superiority burger was voted best burger of 2015 and it was vegan. Vegan food is some of the tastiest on earth and even if meat, cheese and eggs do taste good. The question you have to ask yourself is, are your taste buds more important than an animal's life? Alright guys, so that was the vegans guide to most commonly asked questions. Leave some of your most commonly asked questions in the comments section and we can see if we can make another video to this. Let me know if you like this resource. We can continue this as a series if you'd like. Go vegan, stay vegan and be a vegan activist if you're not one and I hope this video helps you with your advocacy. Peace, justice, respect, vegan.