Hello everyone, my name is Karl-Hans Moves. I'm trying to tell you something about JNU and Jupyter platform unit testing. I'm doing very basic stuff based on the time because we are really limited. Well, we'd like to make a real talk about that. We could take two, three, four hours or more, even more. Just about something about me. I'm working as a German book freelancer, working with driver and all that fancy stuff. I'm always also a part of the Apache Maven PMC. I'm a Apache Software Foundation member, as you're already heard by Christian. So we are working a little bit together on some parts of that. What I would like to do is show you some code. I don't want to make much slides here. I just wanted to show you some code. Start that way. So I'm sitting down then. That's the reason why I'm sitting in here in front of the keyboard that you can see what I'm trying to do and show your real code. So where we begin is a very simple, simple class. Don't blame me about the code quality or something like that. That is simply just a class to show some identities or how to do some unit testing. I think you can implement that better than I do, but it's just a kind of a presentation for a code. So we have a simple static members here, a very simple thing. And we think about things like JUnit4 to write our unit tests. And I would like to show you some differences between JUnit4, for example, and maybe some information about test and G in comparison to JUnit5 platform, for example. So let us start with a very simple use case and write some unit tests here in a simple way based on JUnit4. You see some examples here. We will start with this one here. Very simple things. We wrote a simple test class, of course. We have to make it public, things like that. We have to name somehow the methods, of course. We need to write down the code. What I'm using here for assertion is not the basic, which is provided by JUnit5 platform. I'm using here the SSAJ library, but we'll come to these details that come in later a little bit. Then you see some test code here, of course, and just writing some test methods here. All of them, of course, annotated with the test annotation, like the usual case here is done in JUnit4. What you see is that I have implemented with some intention that I have a method which is called require greater than zero, where I have two implementations of, one for integers, one for longs. Okay, you can do that different, I know, but that was intentional here somehow. So you see the different things here, and one thing I have to do here in JUnit4 is to name the methods different and make them have a different name because otherwise they clash simply. I'm really doing technically the same. You can see that very easily if I do that that way here. Then you see one with a prefix in for the integer part and one without for the long part, of course. So if you really do that in JUnit4, it comes a little bit clumsy over the time if you write some kind of that test. That's a little bit weird. Why do you need that? You can, of course, rename the methods in another way or whatever, but in the end doesn't help because you're naming the methods based on an intention that they are overloaded the parameters, of course. So it might be not the best case here. So let's go to how to use that or how can you write that in JUnit5 platform, for example. I started here with a little bit parts here. Just make a before all and a before I will come later to that. Just print out some information. It's not very useful at the moment, of course. I hope you will not blame me for that. It's just to show what is possible here. So the first part is to do that simple and translate to the JUnit5 platform and there are some capabilities which are also supported by JUnit5 that are remarkable in this case. What you see here is the difference that all the public modifies had been removed. It is only necessary to have a class in a package default or package private. I don't know what you prefer in that case. So I can remove the public from the class. I can remove the public from the methods as well. But in the end, the only change here in the end is to remove that and add the annotation of the JUnit platform, of course. That works perfectly. But at the end here, you are coming to the point, as I said, you have duplicated methods name and things like that that looks a little bit strange. So there must be a solution for that to do that in a better way, of course. And of course, nicely, the JUnit5 platform supports exactly that. That you can do that and handle that in a correct way. It's much more easier to handle and to get better understanding tests. Let us take a look. What you can do is introduce so-called nested classes. That means you can make a separate class in your test class. You have to mark it with the nested annotation and then you can name the class however you like. And indirectly, then you have a kind of categorization or a naming schema and drill that down for your classes. And what you have, and if you take a look on the structure of that, then you see something like that. Then you have a real test class on the first level, on the root level, which is named here can precondition to class. And on the second level, you have required then zero long. Maybe I should think about my naming. That could be better, of course. And another one required then zero for integers, of course. So now you have solved the problem that you need to rename the method names. I can exactly name them exactly the same. And I have exactly a reference between the different classes for integers, for longs, and so on. That's one of the nice things. I can also run them, of course, from your IDE, of course, as usual, that works for IntelliJ, that works for Eclipse, for NetBeans, and all that stuff as well. So as you see, you have a construction here, is created in a tree based on the things you are executing. Which is also possible that I say, okay, I wanted to run only the test for the int or for the longs, just doing that as an example here, just running them here. I can limit that. Of course, you can run a single test. Of course, that's not a problem. But you see they have a categorization and a grouping of your tests. Which is very good to have such easy separations of different tests. That makes it more, more easier. Let us take a look. And one of the things is coming up, as I said, based on the naming what you have, is that you name your classes in a good way. What you can do is, of course, if I would like to, let me take a look here. You say, okay, require them. Dero is not a very good descriptive name. You can, of course, rename the classes with your ID. It's not a problem. Then you come to the point, you would like to make it more descriptive. Not a name in a class somehow described what you are trying to express in your tests. And then there is a coming in interesting thing, which has been introduced to JUnit5 platform, is so-called display name. That means you can give a description for what is shown on the output. So you can do that on the root class, of course, and give a different name what you like. I just have used here very short things. You can write, of course, a poem if you like. Might be not that useful, but it's possible. And then you can do that also on the different nested classes as well, make a categorization. And it's also possible to do that on the test method. So what you will get then in the end is something like that. You can get a complete different look on your test structure here. If you do that with a precondition and thinking a little bit about that, then you can construct here very good sentences. If you do that in the correct way, just playing around with that, then you can construct here real sentences and describe what you are doing here. For example, if you read that, that works very good here. That's not perfect, of course, just to show you the direction where you can go. If you do that more and more often, the more familiar that becomes, and it's more easier to understand what you're exactly doing. So you can read here precondition four integers require greater than the error should return the same object, for example. And then you can do something like that. That's an easy way to make your tests create more a story. Sometimes you call that maybe behavior-driven development, which you can do a little bit in that direction. It's of course not a behavior-driven development framework, but it can help to get into this direction and make it more descriptive, of course. Sometimes you have the problem if you want to have different names based on the class names or on the method names, of course. It is possible to define a display generator. You can use the built-in ones or you can write completely your own. Then you can say if I separate the methods, for example, as I did here and separate with an underscore or something, then these classes or results will be printed out without the underscores and I see more or less exactly that sentence of this. That's also possible. There are some that are predefined. You can implement it however you like. What is also possible in some tests is sometimes necessary to make a condition to run that test, for example, on different platforms, for example. I don't want to run this test here on a macOS, for example, or on a Linux or on a Windows box or something like that. That's very easy to express with JUnit5 platform. Then you can say I just wanted to disable this on macOS. That means it will not run on macOS, but it will run on all other platforms. It's very easy to express. There are several others. I just wanted to know, given you mentioned them. I have done that on here. You can disable on a particular JDK. The start is JDK8 because JUnit platform itself starts with JDK8, so below will not work, of course. What you can do also is to enable that. Exactly the opposite. You can enable the tests like this. So I would like to run this test only on JDK8 or just run them on Linux. What you can also very easily create is so a meta annotation that can be combined and make your tests more readable. I can combine that for my own. So I have created a very simple annotation here just for demonstration purposes, where I say test on Linux. That's nothing else than the combination of the test and enabled on operation system annotation. But it's very easy. You can do much more complex things if you like, but we're scratching here only the surface, of course. Things like before and things like that, as you've seen in the JUnit 4 part, you can do that, of course, as well. So it's not a problem to define them all. They have been named a little bit different. I think it's more clear now, before all means really before all tests. Before each means really before each test. And after each and so on, that you can do. What you can combine, of course, is I have defined them here on the level of the surrounding class. And now I can do that on the nested classes as well. So I can combine that with disabled and things like that. So I can completely make it very easy to make different configurations. What is also possible to make an order, execution by order. There are some in JUnit 4 where you can define by the method order, alphabetic, things like that. In JUnit 5 platform, you have the opportunity to define the order by an order annotation or alphabetic sorting and things like that. Then you can define the order by yourself and combine them, of course. Just to... It's randomly connected to the end force. Yeah. Or you can define, of course, if you would like to have a random order all the time, you can define that on your own, if you like. Then this makes sure that everyone is running a different order of your tests. That keeps your state from that. What is also possible to do some parameterized tests, it's a little bit tricky or it's more different thing. You can define a method, your test method, given an argument, and define a so-called method sort. If it's not defined, it will automatically get the name as the name of the test method. You can define it explicitly, give a stream of arguments, which is put into the argument list and run them all that. And it's easy to understand that because if you do that, then you see all the solution of the arguments is also displayed. You can run and it will jump to the right correct level. You can run that simple test with exactly that parameter set. That's extremely helpful in particular. Let us take a look into parameterized test. Yes. Yeah, I know. It's very limited, I know. I've done that very, very small calculator test. You can do things like CSV sources. You can define a parameterized test where you need to add a supplemental dependency, which is called JUnitUptrParam, if I correctly remember. Then you can define the string which is used to format your output of how it looks like in the output for the display, like this. So you see what I've defined here. If I would like to do that in a more different way like this, then I can do that as well. If I would like to rerun that, then you see, of course, I can change that text. You have some placeholders here which exactly represent the parameters of your test and so on, and then you can create that and make that very descriptive. What you can do which is very interesting is you can test interfaces. An interface since Java 8 can contain code, a default method, something like that, and I've written a very useless function, of course, just a default method, but you can test that very easily. You can just say on the test, just implement that interface and I can just run that test and call that method. So you can call that very easily and you can call static methods or default methods on an interface. It's very easy. Dynamic tests, I will go only to the surface here because it's very complex. Usually you write your test, implement that during the build time. You describe what you are exacting going through the steps. But with dynamic tests, it's possible to define what is really tested at runtime. So you can think about that. I have a large number of classes that have a marker interface. I would like to write some special tests, for example, an equals method, something, as an example, but I don't want to write 500 tests by hand or something. Okay, parameterized would work, but it's limited. So you can make that dynamic and run and create the test dynamically. Completely. That means it is possible to write, not to write the test itself. You can write what the test here is and that will describe what the test does. It is in the end not limited. You can make a lambda function or completely call a method or whatever is possible. So you can do, to be honest, really fancy stuff. And it's very interesting to have power in that. What is also interesting to have are called an extension. Everything in JUnit Jupiter is based on extension, more or less. Of their own, they were using their own. That the extendable of JUnit4 test and G is very limited. There are some rules like that or something like that. You can, there's a limited to before and after or something like that. But in JUnit5, you have the opportunity to really do that in a very interesting stuff. I just skipped some code here. You have so many extension points that is possible to extend your, make right extensions to support you. And I have made a very simple one here, just a very simple one here. Which is something like, I would like to have a so-called a timing extension. I simply stole in that from the documentation, which is very simple example. I would like to see how long my tests are running. Just a very simple thing. You can do that with defining that here with extend with something like that. Then you implement that class, that, sorry. That's of course not right. Go into that and this is the whole extension. What you do is you have an interface which you're calling, implement the extension point and you can do what you want. There's internally a hash map which is supporting you to store parameters which it can be holding between different steps of your things. And then you can implement such things that makes it very easy to implement things, what you like to do. And just see that here. Just click on that. Then you see took 62 milliseconds or something. You can imagine I've written things like with an end-to-end test and something like that. And that can be combined into your own annotation. It's very easy to do that. And then you can combine that and make your own annotation and write that and use that which combines these different things here and makes it much more easier. And then you can simply replace your extend with here with timing, yeah, time. I need to write it the correct way so I can do that and I have run that, I can do that. It's a very easy thing. I've written in the meantime several extensions which it makes it very easy to do stuff which is with JUnit 4, TestNG, very complex and very hard to handle. Yeah, I know, exactly. Just wanted to show a simple example which is a little bit bigger. I've written an extension for Maven, of course I'm working as a Maven developer and I would like to make my experience about integration tests better. And that was a hard part. And I've written JUnit Jupyter extension to handle that and all the stuff which is in there and I can express the test in my IDE and run them and run stuff behind, in the behind, I can start my Maven and make a local cache and all that stuff is possible and that makes it possible to handle things like that or Spring Boot Max does the same way. There is an extension. If you write Spring Boot Test with JUnit Jupyter, it's nothing else than an extension. It's an extent with if you take a look into the annotation. So based on the time, that's it. I have some links here, I will put it online. I can give you only a rough overview of the possibilities. We are not limited to that. I have just ignored many, many, many details because there are so many things. I hope you have some time to look at and I can strongly recommend to do that because it makes testing really easier. Thanks. If some question, maybe obviously a minute or two for some questions. Can you give me the title which is shown in the... Yes, you can use the display name, for example. If you like. And the parameter test has also an annotation where you can write a description, yeah? And there you can access the parameters. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, exactly. That's possible, yeah? That's the parameterized things with lambda and... That's possible, too, yes? Yes, but when you do a two string on the lambda... Yeah, not from there. Then we have to give it back to you and make it my set for a long time. Yeah, but... Currently, you have two forms of lambda. You have to serialize lambda. And for serialize lambda, you have more information, but JUnit doesn't... Yeah, correct. Pull request? Yeah, pull request. Okay, is IntelliJ smart enough to help you with the display names when you refactor names of functions? No, it does not. No. Why would you... I'm sorry? So why would you use them? You're stuck with remembering that you need to change these names. Because it describes more the intention of my test. Is that what you... The problem is you can't write spaces or something like that. It's limited based on the naming schema of Java, of course. And sometimes you would like to write more information or just write a sentence with a comma or something like that. That's not possible in a method name. And it helps a lot to describe, of course, we can just... It's a matter of personal taste, of course. Yes, fine. If you run that with the vintage engine, they will run, but they're running not with JUnit Jupiter. They run real with JUnit4 and other hoods. Yeah, you can use before, things like that. But that will... Yeah, you have different befores, all before each, things like that. And that's a reference counting. Yeah, reference counting, things like that. If you need to really do that, I would take a look what exactly kind of rules you're using. Most of the time I've used with exception, things like that that's not necessary anymore or test containers. There is an extension as well. It's very easy to write your own extension if you really need it. The migration is very easy. Ah, okay. There's an annotation for it. You can do class-based or method-based. Method-based, yeah. So sweet would run with one color down. That would you do with an extra resource that you can manage whatever in extension. In extension, yeah, yeah, exactly. There was another one. If you use... I'm using Makita most of the time. And there is an extension as well you can use in relationship with JUnit5 that supports Makita. For example, in Springboard or something like that. Yeah. It's also an extension in JUnit, Jupiter. Yeah. Other questions? Okay.


The number one thing is I've heard people say, oh, I've went to an Isaiah Saldivar event and I got partially delivered. And I've been like rebuking people saying, yeah, that's not Isaiah's fault, you partially repented. So it was a partial repentance is a partial breakthrough. I have all power to cast out any demon. It's not the power of Christ isn't limited through me. It's your repentance was limited, you know? That's how you know this scam. He says that he has all power. He has all power to deliver you. But you're not delivered because it's your fault. You didn't repent properly. What in the world do you go to these people for? If you can't see these people are scamming you, that they're playing on your emotions, then there cannot be any more sympathy to you to go to these people blindly. Jesus says that if the sun sets you free, you are free indeed. So Jesus is incapable of delivering you.


Hi, my name is Andrea Gehrig and I'm an instructor of astronomy at Lane Community College in Eugene, Oregon. And I'm here to tell you about student-created scientist spotlights and how they can be used as a tool for open and critical pedagogy. So let's dive in. You can contact me at gehrigayatlaincc.edu and I hope that you can find my slides in our session link as well. Our learning goals for this session are first to articulate the core purpose of scientist spotlights. Second to describe how the student-created approach differs from traditional spotlight assignments and to see how traditional spotlight assignments can be supported by open creators such as ourselves and our students. And finally, I want to explain how student-created spotlights can provide the basis for classroom conversations on diversity. So what are scientist spotlights? These are assignments that are developed by Shinsuke et al. in 2016 in which students review the biographical and scientific work of scientists. These can be scientists from the past or from the present. They can be from different levels of the academic establishment from professors on down to graduate students. And all spotlight assignments ask students to review information about the scientists and then reflect on what they've learned. Specifically, they always ask this question. Based on what you know now, describe the types of people that do science. If possible, refer to specific scientists. This is intended to break away from the stereotypes that many students hold of scientists. Some of these stereotypes can be harmful and they're untrue. So some of the reasons that we choose to do spotlights in introductory classes are first to represent diversity in science. Second, spotlight assignments are shown to help support persistence in STEM, especially for students from historically marginalized backgrounds. And finally, spotlights can help students see science as more personally relevant and make science a more attractive option for them. So the first spotlight assignments are instructor curated, meaning that instructors do the work of choosing the biographical resources and the scientific resources that students review. This is an advantage because instructors can choose very specifically who they would like their students to focus on. On the other hand, it means that instructors have to do the work of choosing that information and can only share a few scientists per term. So the other instructors do at least one to three spotlight assignments per term. And while this does help to integrate themes of diversity and inclusion to classes, it does limit the number of scientists that we can focus on. This is from the scientist spotlights initiative. This is a website where instructors can submit their own spotlight materials so that other instructors can use them as well. And while this is a great resource, the astronomy category here only have nine spotlights at my most recent check, and not all of them aligned with the topics that I covered my course. So generally, instructors will want to choose scientists whose work is closely related to their course content. And if there is not enough resources on a particular topic that might not be possible. So I decided to try to provide these missing resources. I decided to have my students start creating spotlights of their own. These are some of the examples of student created spotlights from my class. I asked them to create one page flyers. And they always include an image of the scientists or an image that represents that scientists work. So to choose copyright, I teach them about the ins and outs of copyright basics. Most of them choose Creative Commons copyrights for their work. And as you can see, there are many more examples of scientists here than I would be able to provide in an instructor curated approach. So this helps students to see many more possible selves than I could possibly provide on my own. I've shown that student created spotlights are effective both for the authors of the spotlights and also for the readers, when those student created spotlights are then used as traditional materials for a traditional spotlight. This paper by a Ronda at all 2021 is really interesting dive into that question. Student created spotlights are also a great tool for open, critical and responsive pedagogy. What makes them open is that students are invited to submit their spotlights to the scientist spotlights initiative. What makes them part of critical pedagogy is that students are reflecting on diversity and inclusivity within STEM. So they're critically analyzing some of the inequities that exist within the field through these assignments. And finally, student created spotlights are an example of responsive pedagogy, because they can help to leverage students perspectives and assets, all the backgrounds that students bring into the classroom with them can be expressed through their spotlight assignments. I use student created spotlights in one additional way in my courses and that is as a discussion springboard. So I like to host a discussion on my forums around diversity and science. The question I ask is very simple. Do you think diversity is important in science. And I will see some students respond to this without using specific examples. For instance, I had a student say I don't think diversity is an important factor in science, we should be focused on the theories. And another student replied that they think having as many different minds working on a failure experiment will have greater or more accurate results. But this final student responded with specific evidence pulled from a specific spotlight assignment. They said, I think diversity and science is very important by working with people of different backgrounds it promotes creativity. I think there are so few women in this career choice because of the lack of role models, even Jill Tartar, who's a noted astronomer who works on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence was the only woman in her engineering program. So the spotlight assignment provides the basis for students to use these specific examples to support their assertions on this important conversation topic. I know that I can imagine extending student created scientists fall lights but I would love to hear your ideas as well. Future students might for example build on the contributions of past students. Often since I have students work on spotlights about graduate students or postdoctoral scholars, it might be interesting years from now to go back and see what have they done since that time. Future students might design a public facing website containing all of our class spotlight materials, perhaps organized by topic. And I can imagine a K 12 science outreach activity based around these spotlight materials as well. And then finally, I think it would be interesting if our class decided to map the location of our spotlight scientists and then critically evaluate our collection for its inclusivity of global scientists. This is just another lens on critical pedagogy. So I hope that student created spotlights are something that you're interested in trying. If you do, I would love to hear about it contact me at garing a at lane cc.edu.


From Korea, to Germany, from Alaska, to Puerto Rico, all over the world, the men and women of your army are on the alert to defend our nation, you, the American people against aggression. This is The Big Picture. Welcome to The Big Picture, presented by your United States Army. I'm Captain Carl Zimmerman. Today, The Big Picture tells the story of the Army combat team. What happens in one day of war? Fighting in Korea over mountainous country, often in freezing weather, against an enemy far superior in numbers demanded a new combat technique. Well, today The Big Picture shows you how the army met that demand, fighting as a team using firepower against manpower. One more day of war, and the news is lost in a two-line communique from the battlefront. But behind this colorless report is the story of the world's greatest fighting team, the American Army combat team, a tough and mobile assault force which can hit anywhere, anytime. This day of war has not been won by the infantrymen alone, fighting his way across the nameless mountains of Korea, nor by the strategists behind him. For today, America's military answer to war is firepower, teamwork and mobility, a shattering land, sea and air combat machine geared and equipped to do any size job in the shortest time and with the fewest casualties possible. Guns of all caliber laying down a hail of fire. American armies commit vast manpower resources to battle and rely on man's expendability. The American Army fights a war of firepower instead of manpower. Providing that firepower, backed by the finest weapons in the world, is the Army combat team, a combined assault force which relies on the sheer weight of its steel and explosives for its maximum effectiveness. The 8th Army in Korea, called the greatest army the world has ever known, earned that honor fighting the firepower and combat team technique. The Korea, with its snow, mountains, cold and many military problems, has evolved a new concept for waging war. That concept is to have the best weapons providing the biggest volume of firepower and to keep the fighting units flexible and mobile enough to be used quickly and effectively. The combined weapons of the United States Army are superior to those of any other army in the world, the M1 Garand Rifle, basic weapon of the infantrymen. The Browning Automatic Rifle ripping off 500 rounds a minute and providing accurate fire against enemy soldiers. Rocket launchers, better known as bazookas, capable of punching a hole through 9 inches of steel and blasting fortifications, gun emplacements and tanks. Machine guns, the backbone of infantry firepower, light and heavy, able to deliver large volumes of continuous fire. Mortars work horse of the front line, ready to lob shells up and over the enemy's defenses. And the miracle weapon of them all, the rick coil-less rifle, an easy firing weapon packing the punch of an artillery piece. These are the weapons which give the army command of the battlefield. Weapons unequaled in the world for firepower, mobility and accuracy. And backing the infantrymen and those weapons is the rest of the combat team, tanks, artillery and planes of the Air Force. Patrols are set out to find the enemy as preparations for combat begin. Command posts make their reports, enemy bunkers are sighted and the patrol leader refers their position to the artillery. Head is shattered as salvo after salvo saturates the enemy position. From somewhere in the air, the sound of a lone plane is heard and the waiting infantrymen on the ground know that a last minute air reconnaissance is being made. These army observers take to the air in small aircraft to spot targets for artillery and obtain information about the enemy. Carrying no armament of any kind, these grasshoppers daily penetrate far behind enemy lines, gathering intelligence reports. The attack hour approaches and the combat team readies itself. Ton after ton of high explosive pours into the enemy as round after round is fed into the guns. Engines roar into action, drowning out the whine of artillery shells overhead and together the armored infantry unit moves out. The tanks and the infantrymen fight together as a team, making up for each other's shortcomings. Protecting the men on foot, the tanks probe and patrol ahead, ready to defend the team of soldiers at its side. At the same time, the ground troops protect their tank from enemy fire and assist it by directing its gunfire to strategic areas. A telephone connected to the back of the tank welds the separate members into a fighting team. By fire and movement, our army advances. Tanks and machine gun crews lay down a blanket of fire to keep the enemy pinned down, the attacking force pushes forward, killing and routing the enemy and knocking out emplacements. If enemy resistance cannot be broken by the soldier on foot, the tank is there to move ahead and blast the objective with its heavier firepower.  Directed by their own forward observers, the artillery and mortar units inch their fire slowly forward, wiping out opposition from the path of the tanks and the infantry. As the front line men advance, so the gunners adjust their sights and continue to pour out the bombardment.  When difficult terrain makes it impossible for our tanks to fulfill their task and the enemy cannot be flushed from his positions, teamwork in combat again answers the emergency. The word is passed back for tactical air support. Awaiting their call to action are the F-51s and jets, which carry the firepower technique into the air and support the ground forces with pinpoint bombing. Integrated with the ground tank infantry artillery team, these planes add to the combined firepower. They are armed with 650 caliber machine guns and 10 5-inch rockets. The planes also carry napalm and demolition bombs. The pilots receive their final instructions and get up to the minute information on the latest tactical situation. Then the pilots join the combat team. The planes take off for the combat zone to do from the air what cannot be done from the ground. Mustang fighters, veterans of World War II, are still preferred for cover by ground forces because they can remain over the lines longer than the faster jets. With speed and accuracy, they dive on the targets, strafing the enemy, bombing and burning him out. Communication devices, pilots can soften up the enemy within yards of their infantry buddies. One of these devices is the air ground liaison team. Talking directly to the pilots by radio from a jeep, a ground observer helps the planes pinpoint the target. Hand in hand, the ground and air units join in combined attack using teamwork to keep the assault rolling. More than ever before, the Army is today using the air to link its fighting units. The role of the helicopter in combat has far outgrown the expectations of the strategists who first used it and more and more these copters are being used for battle missions. Reinforcements rush to weak points in the line. The wounded are speedily carried to medical aid strapped to the sides of the helicopter. To the men on the line, these copters have become messengers of life or death. Rushing ammunition to cut off units, evacuating the wounded and carrying the fight across impassable terrain, the helicopter strengthened the lifeblood of the fighting man. Assault teams fully armed for battle can hop from mountain to mountain preparing the way for the troops that follow. In warfare today, mobility of firepower is the key to victory. Recognizing this important factor, the Army has made the regimental unit its core in combat. To act quickly in battle, the Army has given the regimental unit its own command and the necessary firepower backing to do any job. These regimental combat teams assigned their own tank and artillery forces have become the backbone of America's fighting army. Instead of an unwieldy army organized for action at divisional or core level, America's fighting force is now split into fast-moving, highly mobile attack teams of regimental strength which have their own supporting artillery and heavy weapons units. In General Ridgway's own words, the new tactical trend is this. We are not interested in real estate. We are interested only in inflicting maximum casualties on the enemy with minimum losses to ourselves. To do this, we must wage a war of maneuver, slashing at the enemy when he withdraws and fighting delaying actions when he attacks. Doing this job is the armored task force team. It's a technical job taking all the resources of science and industry to meet its demands. Observation of the enemy is no longer a soldier looking through field glasses. It's a mathematical process run by soldier scientists. Delicate instruments which see the flash of enemy guns and give their location in terms of a compass reading, making it a matter of seconds before an artillery gun pounds the target into silence or microphones used as listening posts. Cables lead from each microphone and the press of a button gives the army a battery of ears. From the recording of the sound impulses, calculations are made which give the range and direction of the enemy artillery. And in the world of weather, the radioson, an instrument which continuously transmits humidity and pressure readings, is carried aloft by hydrogen-filled balloons. Technicians on the ground listen in to the weather above and forecasts are made. Radar is used to search out enemy mortar shells. When a shell is spotted, it is tracked by radar and its arc of flight revealed. Plotting backwards, a specialist traced the original path of the shell back to the enemy mortar and another target is ready to be destroyed. This is science behind the combat team. Science is also used by the signal corps fighting its war of communication in the thick of combat, stringing telephone lines, snapping battle orders over spluttering hand radios, acting as the army's nerve system, linking the individual efforts into a master plan. However hard they're going, the long tentacles of communication are stretched out. If ground obstacles get too tough for the pole climbers, they lay the wire by plane. If it can't be done the modern way, then they will do it the old way. Sturdy, sure-footed mules often replace the jeep in the rugged country of Korea. Using everything they can, signal corps linemen get the job done. Communication with forward areas not yet linked by permanent lines is effectively established by the use of the pigeon service. In unique situations, pigeons are used on infantry and tank patrols into enemy territory when radio silence must be maintained or when foot messengers would be exposed to heavy enemy fire. Forward command posts also use pigeon carriers to send messages back to corps headquarters. When released, the bird circles high to get its bearings and then sets its course straight for its home loft at corps headquarters. It's another part of the teamwork in combat. The information gets through and a new fire mission begins. Making the advance possible too is the Army Engineer Corps, the builders and wreckers who drill and blast a path through the mountains, boats and bridges. The Army construction workers do their part to keep the fighting machine rolling smoothly, searching for mines and removing their sting. Combat engineers must devise field expedients like the construction of this aerial tramway to conquer the mountains of Korea. Using local labor, a half inch steel cable is hauled to the upper terminus more than 2,000 feet away. At the hilltop, deep holes are drilled into solid rock to provide firm anchorage for the tracked cable. A winch on a two and one half ton truck is used to put the required tension on the cable spanning the gulf. Again improvising, engineers modify a rear wheel of a three quarter ton truck to allow the vehicle's engine to serve as motive power for the traction cables which will raise and lower the sky car. Test runs are carried out and communication is established between the terminals. Then supplies are loaded on the tramway for the first trip along its 2,000 foot cable up to the 500 foot summit. By such methods as these, the transportation time for a difficult journey is reduced from hours to a smooth glide of several minutes. The engineers fulfill another vital function. Further strengthening the combat team, the Army has its airborne assault force, a rugged fighting unit in itself equipped with artillery and heavy weapons. Held in the rear for special assignments, it can hurtle from out of the sky a complete regiment fully armed for combat. Before the paratroopers join the battle, there is equipment to be checked and prepared for the drop. Shoots must be examined and folded with precision. Artillery and other heavy weapons must be lashed to their landing boards. Huge C-119 transports wait to take on their cargo. The equipment they carry is heavy and space counts. Special rollers make it easy to load the heavy equipment onto the waiting planes. And the men are given a final briefing before takeoff. Flashes from the pilot signaling the drop zone has been reached and one by one the men hit the silk followed by their weapons. In three and a half seconds the full load of heavy weapons is out of the plane and quartermaster airborne soldiers jump out after them. After the drop it takes three minutes to unlash a jeep and drive it away and the 105 millimeter howitzer is ready for action in 20 minutes. More and more men arrive quickly reforming and taking up the attack. In this way the Army continues its fight, circumventing fixed enemy defenses and severe natural obstacles. By using parachute drops fighting units cut off from the main fighting body can be kept fully supplied with food and weapons. The airborne combat team is a strong right arm that can stretch anywhere to deliver its Sunday punch. This is teamwork paying off. The Army of today fighting a war of mobility, speed and effectiveness packing more firepower than any other nation in the world. Exchanging fire for flesh. The United States Army Combat Team. That's your Army in action today fighting with firepower and teamwork. Now we'd like you to meet Lieutenant Colonel Robert B. Pridgen of Henderson, North Carolina. Colonel Pridgen recently returned from Korea where he served as a battalion commander for 13 months with the 17th Infantry Regiment of the Army's 7th Division. Colonel Pridgen, you can tell how our Army put this firepower and teamwork into action in Korea. Yes, I sure can call. We have the finest combat team in the world. It really makes our soldiers have confidence in the Army to look around them as they move into the attack, see tanks, infantry, everything we have moving right along with them. Let's talk about our weapons. How did ours compare with the enemies? Well, our weapons are far superior to anything that the enemy has shown us to date. They are faster, they're more easily operated, more easily transportable, more mobile. In fact, that weapon is far superior to anything that the enemy has used. Army aviation over there in Korea, this helicopter and the small plane, they were part of the combat team too, weren't they? Well, yes. Helicopter is really a step in the right direction, I think. We used it in Korea, in my unit primarily, for evacuation. A man may be seriously wounded on a hill. If we had to use a normal litters to take him down, it would take him out of hours. By calling for a helicopter, he's evacuated to safety and to an aid station or hospital in a matter of minutes. Also, they occasionally bring up mail and hot rations to the troops on top of those hills. Certainly, the helicopter was an important part of our combat team in Korea, wasn't it? Yes, I saw that helicopter. I didn't have any experience with it. It's very good. It will transport a squad with equipment to the top of those hills. Whereas, if the squad had to walk, it would take six to ten hours. They can now get that amount of minutes. It takes a good deal of time to get up to the top of the hill over there, doesn't it? Especially when you have to fight your way up. We always call it time. Well, now, let's talk about the methods of fighting. How do our methods compare with the enemy's? Well, the enemy normally attacked at night. He attacked in waves, utilizing masses of troops. The first wave would be armed only with hand grenades. They'd come running up the hill, throwing grenades, screaming, blowing bugles, beating drums. Anything to try and put fear in our people, in the dark, and make them run. They ran right into our machine guns with just to get mowed down, keep coming. It's quite a contrast. We have a good deal more respect for the individual soldier, haven't we, and that's why we use this firepower. That's true. We utilize our firepower a lot of times in place of personnel. Well, all in all, Colonel, how would you say this combat team worked out in Korea? To a great advantage, Carl, due to the nature of the terrain in Korea, we could more effectively employ our weapons and personnel by breaking the units down to smaller combat teams and trying to employ them in a great voice. Thank you, Colonel. You've given us a good picture of how we put this teamwork and firepower onto the battlefield. That's the way we fight in the combat team. Units working together, welding their firepower into a great fighting machine that is your army today. Thank you, Colonel Bridgen, for being with us. Next week on Our Big Picture, we'll tell you about the Army's citizen soldier. We'll talk about the information and education program. We'll point out how this soldier of ours has become the best informed, the best educated soldier in the world today. This is Captain Carl Zimmerman inviting you to be with us then.


The simulation model developed by our team demonstrated that a two-test algorithm combining a rapid screening test followed by confirmatory laboratory testing can reduce false positive rates, produce rapid results and conserve laboratory resources. This model can be used to identify the best testing strategies tailored to specific use cases. This article was authored by Sunil Pakral, Lisa J. White, Jillian A. Sacks and others.


Hello. It's 1pm now and you're sitting in room 5. So if you have read the schedule right, that means you're in the KS VPN CTF Gaming Network talk. So I'd like to get some information about the audience first. So who of you is involved in a hackerspace? Who of you is involved in CTF gaming? That's a bit less, but also interesting. Okay. And who of you has experience with network? Good. Okay. This talk is about KS VPN CTF Gaming Network. Who we are? Rude. This is Jens Mücker. He's an open WRT developer. He codes for his daytime job. And he has written a lot of the codes we need to write. Then we have virus. He's with DC949. He did the OCDF or worked with the OCDF 1-5. He's a layer one that needs to be mentioned. I don't want to read all the slides. You can read that. Yeah. He's one of the co-founders at Null Space Labs and did some other interesting things, especially regarding CTF capture the flag network hacking networks. Then we have Eric Tafes. He's from the KS computer club Darmstadt. He studied computer science. He's working at the TU Darmstadt now and is interested in cryptography, crypt analysis and stuff like that. You might know his software to break WEP in less than 60 seconds. Oh, yeah. And then there's me. I'm from the KS computer club Hamburg. I'm an administrator for the daytime job. I played a lot CTF with the University of Darmstadt. For example, USP CTF. Some of you might know Cypher and DA Open. Together with some people I co-hosted the CCC CTFs and I like to travel hacker spaces and have some friends around the world in different hacker spaces which I'd like to communicate to. Any questions for the speakers? So I will explain how we got to all of this. So has anyone of you been on hackers at random? Some? C2 or 3? Hackers at random is a Dutch camp. Hackers camp in usually the swamps somewhere. This time it wasn't too bad. We talked a lot about that. It is a problem to communicate on the network between the different hacker spaces. Also we wanted to play CTF and we were playing CTFs. But hosting a CTF is a lot of work. Most of this work is the same work all over again. It's the network setup. So there was an idea born. We wanted to play CTFs in our rooms. Most of us had hacker spaces. And this required a VPN setup. And to reduce the work on that we decided to make this VPN setup permanent. Or wanted to have that permanent. If you don't have to set it up all over again that saves a lot of work by doing a CTF. And you can understand that if you do a CTF which is a lot of work you want to reduce the things that you have to do all over again which is not too interesting. Like it's interesting to write a service but it's not too interesting to set up the network again and again and again. KS VPN. We'll explain that. Fulfilled most of the requirements somehow but not all of them. And with KS VPN we had a lot of experience with that software and with Tink. So we needed to redo KS VPN. Okay. I think at this point I should explain KS VPN. KS VPN at that point was a meshed VPN that's used to host the Chaos phone which is the asterisk phone service the Chaos computer club has among their spread hacker spaces. So we have a big asterisk system and we used Tink and some power code on some DB unboxers to connect them all of them together. And to have a phone system within that because you can understand that we would like to have a phone where well just we are listening. Okay. The other involvement on the idea we need to talk on the 2063. We kind of leaving the shadow like telling people what we are doing and we are planning to do. The things done there was the rewrite of the code to see we'll explain the reasons after that. And we got a lot of people, a lot of more people involved in that. So the idea. We wanted to have privacy on the network. I'll show you don't want to have your internet access provider and his deep packet inspection looking directly in your packets all the time. Also with the times that providers for example fake DNS and other stuff which just leaks out a lot of information of the web pages that people use in the hacker spaces. We want to get more of that private. And especially the thing we wanted to get private is the traffic between the hacker space. Well there was very few between those but we wanted to have if we have private traffic between that private. The community that all was to connect the hacker spaces and our friends and the whole hacker space thingy and to play war zone. But the first step was to redo this network and then use this network to play war zone on that. The availability was a problem. We want to have a set up that is really robust and has a solid up time. So a lot of those VPN installation in the hacker spaces have the problem that they are. You might know that. Working somehow. We wanted to avoid that. Well speed if you do, you don't want to be limited by the VPN stuff. We wanted to have fast network. For sure there's some FTP and other data transfer maybe later going on. And also with speed comes the latency. If you want to do CTF and especially if you want to do VoIP you need no low latency. It should be easy to use. So maintenance not very complicated and neighborly join your friends, block your enemies. So what we came up basically was a mesh based encrypted and authenticated private network that administrates itself. All going to explain that. Meshed. The meshed thing is the biggest difference compared to most VPN installation. And meshed everybody is communicating with everybody. So if you have set up tunnels and you have two spaces you need one tunnel. If you set up a system between three spaces you need three tunnels. You will see that this in the end scales with O equals N square. So Tink defines end points and not tunnels. This just is N. So scales way better. The latency is better if all the hacker spaces just communicate to each other and not over certain routing hops. You get a high bandwidth because you're just limited between those two connections and the connection in between but you're not limited for example on the speed of some root hops. We don't have a single point of failure in there on the network base. So if any node can die and just this node will be off the network, not the whole network. And very important nobody will see the traffic from other people in the default configuration.  But it's pretty hard. Any questions on that? Encrypted and authenticated? Well this is easy. You should want to have strong encryption that people who may be able to tap the line will not be able to do it while tapping the line. And also we want to mask the traffic details. So somebody tapping the line cannot easily see what is going on there. You can do statistics over encrypted traffic and guess what's going on there. But well I think you know all that. It's just better this way. And audit authentication we want to know who are talking to for sure. Private network is clear. We want to have the private network to connect all this. Administrates itself. That is an important point because this is the reasons that some earlier tries to set up a network between hackers bases and stuff like this went down. That basically means if a node joins the network no other node should need to do something. Think for example that all those mesh base approaches in before had the problem that if somebody joins the network every administrator has to touch his contract files. Which sucks and does not work as you know that. And if you go over some time zones this will just not be very good. So the problem of Tink is keep the conflict in zinc. And if you have a problem that can be solved with writing a program write it. So we did. Yeah. This was the network based around the case VPN before who mostly run the VoIP of the CCC. Had seven years of uptime. I think that's a pretty good uptime. Lesson learned from the first version from the network. You sometimes in Tink have the problem that some administrator by mistake. This happens more often. Or somebody who will try to annoy you announces a wrong network. And that is hard to get rid of. To explain that a bit if you have a wrong network in your mesh cloud which is slash 24 you can announce to slash 25. This is more precise and then you can take over the information again. But this does not work with the slash 32 obviously. And we had some important servers with the slash 32 in the network. Also Paul was required and if you want to put this on an embedded device. And our idea was to have it on an embedded device. If you put Paul on an embedded device there's not a lot of space left in this embedded device usually. So the software. Yeah, Wacom I hope you don't have a hangover from the party last night. So now it's a little more technical. So basically we had these awesome software called Tink which do all the VPN but we had to do something for the configuration to get that in a good state running. Basically what our software is doing is it wraps around Tink. Provide a tone device which is needed for Tink. Read the local config file and knows what it has to do like which address it has to download the config. So it fetch the network config so it knows about all hosts and where it has to connect to which p address and that stuff. And then it creates the config file for Tink with all the host files, all the up and down scripted all that is needed for Tink to run the network. And at the end it started. That's basically it. We do it rewrite. So the first version was done in Perl because it's easy to write it in Perl and it works pretty good except some mistakes my try already told. We decided to do rewrite and see more about that later. And I really want to thank Higa and HC for taking that software with me because it wasn't only me that did that part. So the network file. So your local network file contains a public key and a P range for that part you're using to get all the notes that downloads that file from a specific URL which is in your config. Why are we doing that? So we have a solution that can provide more than one network. So we did it for Warzone, KS VPN, it's more known as a Google link here. And if you like to do your own network, you can do it easily. Portability. This was very, very important for us. So this is one of the reasons we do a rewrite and see. It now compiles on every major system. We're looking for more. Special thanks for the first compile under Windows. I'm not very much into that part. And we really strongly suggest to put it on embedded devices. And this was the main reason we did that part in C because you don't want to run Perl on an embedded device like a little router. After we did the rewrite from Perl in C to the 26G3, we added some new feature to make it more comfortable. One of these features is we have these restart functions that it restarts to things in a specific interval. You can define in your config. And these interval means it checks if there's a new config available. So it requests the HTTBC for the config. And if it gets a 304 response, it knows, okay, I didn't have to change anything. So I also didn't have to restart the thing to get the new config. We added an archive support which means we didn't have to download each host file. We can download one file and get an archive which includes all the host configuration, the main configuration, all the things you needed. And we also added some signing and encryption, more about that later by Eric, to get a more encrypted part. It also provides HTTPS, but this is different crypto. We didn't want to use it for that. And all that stuff is in around 4,700 lines of code, so it's not that much. We tried to get rid of most of the dependencies because you can build it on more systems when you have less dependencies. We are still backward compatible, which is the reason why we have this strange config file at the moment. So it's written in Perl style. Sorry for that. But you still can use an old config file with the new software. The only thing is we added new features, so we have to add new config entries, but we said proper default values, so if you don't define that values, there's a default value for that. To make it a little bit more running on all devices, especially embedded devices, we provide a lot of images and archives for all Linux. I think we also will provide a Windows download pretty soon. But most people put it on these little devices for Nero 2.0. This photo is actually from Null Space, DC 949. Just Null Space. We got the experience that these devices running pretty good. They are very stable. They are less power consumption. So especially in Europe, energy is much more expensive than it is here. So we care about energy consumption. So we really suggest we let it run on better devices. You make it ready. It's running. You didn't touch it anymore and it's running for years. Another reason is to buy these little embedded devices that are not that expensive. You can get one for 20 bucks. If you want to have a proper one, you can get one for 100 bucks. You can also put an MP3 player on it. It's basically, it's a run device. It's not a PC where other people get their fingers on installing new software and it's not running anymore. And it's really much more energy efficient. A computer is like 50 bucks a month in power. And these devices like 5 bucks in power a year. So in Europe for that. I'm not so much into the crypto part. So I really think that Eric is here and I give over to him. Thank you. So hello. I'm Eric and I'm here to talk about the crypto part of KSVPN. So usually when you write software, you will usually either, you will usually notice very soon when you have done something wrong because the software starts crashing. Except if you have a security problem or you have a crypto problem, then this won't be noticed for a long time. So in KSVPN, every participant in the network owns an RSA key pair, which means that you have a private key or you are the only owner of that key and with the private key you can decrypt some messages, but you are, well, but you're the only one who can decrypt that. And every other participant in the network has a public key, knows your public key and he will be able to encrypt messages for you, but he will not be able to decrypt messages for you. The KSVPN client connects to a server and downloads an encrypted and signed configuration file for KSVPN, which is encrypted only for you and it's signed. So after you've downloaded it, you can decrypt it and then check that nobody has altered the file on the server or during the transmission. So you know that this file is authentic. After the file has been decrypted and verified, the client generates a Tink configuration and starts Tink and Tink can now establish connections with all other nodes in the network and it can authenticate these other nodes using their RSA public keys. So when two nodes connect, they do an RSA key exchange to establish a session key and after they have a session they can exchange packets and these packets are encrypted using Blofish by default and they are protected with a sharp one HMIC so that nobody can alter these packets. So far that's reasonably well crypto in KSVPN. There are currently some weak points, that means that you can still improve that crypto part. So so far the configuration is distributed over a central server, which is not so good. You would like to have that on multiple servers. However, if the primary server here fails and this network still stays up, so the network can run for hours, days, a week, even without the central server. The only thing which does not work is that you cannot update your network configuration anymore if the central server is down. Currently I think there are replay or downgrade attacks possible. So an attacker could not really alter your network configuration but he could give you an old network configuration even if there is a new configuration already out there. Or with KSVPN it's possible to route packets indirectly between two nodes. So if you have two KSVPN nodes all behind a nut gateway, they might not be able to communicate directly. In this case you can route traffic indirectly. So far KSVPN does not reuse standard formats for crypto like IPsec, ESP or AHA to encrypt and protect the packets. But this could be added in a later version. And currently we don't have perfect for secrecy in the network. This means if you have a KSVPN node running now and one year later somebody is able to recover your private key, then you will be able to decrypt your past traffic. Or in the future we would like to have more administrations for the configuration and more distribution points for the configuration. Even a decentralized distribution of the configuration would be nice. And we would also like to give participants of the network more choices in who they trust. So currently they trust a central configuration but you can extend that to a kind of PGP or GBG like web of trust so that every participant can select certain nodes in the network he trusts and some nodes in the network he doesn't trust so much. And we would like to have indirect routed traffic in the network which is only decryptable by the final destination. So that you can route traffic between two nodes who cannot see each other because they are firewalled or whatever with the assistance of a third node who will be able to pass this traffic through but he won't be able to decrypt the traffic. Okay. Next question will be done by McFly. Any questions for the crypto part? Or it works so far it works reasonably well. Okay the question was how good does blowfish work on these tiny devices like embedded access points and the answer is so far it works reliably well but this is a configuration option so blowfish is a default but you can extend that to another, you can change that to another algorithm. So for example, some of the small devices have accelerators for the AS encryption algorithm because WPA uses AS to encrypt packets and if you change that to AS you will more likely get performance boost. We have chosen the FANERA 2.0N as well reference design because this is fast enough to host most available broadcast connections you will have a hacker spaces or spaces where people hang around. Like they can solve up to around 20 to 30 embedded downstream and upstream equals. So I think that's not too bad. If you have a bigger connection like if you're in a university or stuff like that you'll possibly want to use different hardware for that. That is true. Also if you want to do some host servers don't put an embedded device in front of it to do the crypto if you have like a gigoo bit internet speed. Then you will just need a bigger computer where you can install free BSD or open BSD or DBN for example or ARCLY notes whatever you want on that. And if you want to play around with the code and the compilers you can also install Windows or Mac OS X on it. More free questions for the crypto part? Okay so I'll hand over to McFly. So I'll just shortly explain what the general status of the case VPN is at the moment. And then we will go over to war zone which is the second implementation. This is for the playing of CTFs. Like you remember from the beginning our idea was to build up a network to play CTFs. But for this we decided to redo the chaos VPN first which connects hacker spaces. And you will see what we use there. And yeah it's starting to get used for CTF stuff. So general status is the life, the network works, more and more hacker spaces are joining, IP ranges are compatible with some other networks and some peers to DN42 which is another VPN exists. Those are for example a list of some hacker spaces involved. Like well I don't really down all of them. Those are more or less a lot of the bigger and older ones. The maybe more interesting thing is what is up on the network. So we have a DNS up there, voice over IP is used very much but that can just be it. So for example one of the first things to have an additional use of the network is a rainbow table hash look up system. Some of you might know Ben codes and has read his Twitter feed today in the morning that he just upgraded that to a new version. There's a box maintained by him on this network which is just for the network and pretty fast. I think if you want to try that out you will find out that you get most of the hashes. I think we are at 10 or 11 keys and all keys available on the German, American and English keyboard for MD5 and a word book for MD5 and the whole line manager stuff and that. We are working on a decked rainbow table look up service there. ISC and Java servers are in that network. You will find hack and IC servers in there. This is also a commonly used IC network among CCC. The official CCC Java server has a lag in there. FTP CCC is there so you can download stuff without people seeing what you are downloading there. We are making high performance computing available there. Some people had just too many ATI and NVIDIA graphics cards and decided to get them together because they are very useful when it comes to the point, some points upstairs rainbow table. We kind of cloned computing. We can stream multimedia events so if you have a talk in a hacker space you can just stream that to a different hacker space and watch it there. The very interesting thing is you can kind of pick the nationality you go out to the traffic. If you want to you can choose proxies to become German, Dutch, American or whatever is on the KSVPN. And more stuff still not mentioned and working here. But I think a lot of you are interested in the CDF and now we will come to see the CDF with the virus. I apologize in advance for sounding like a dead frog. I'm still voices recovering from last night. I forgot to move that picture. So the war zone is more or less a copy of the original KSVPN slash agoralink network. It's just another spun up instance of the same thing. Used for an entirely different purpose. The agoralink KSVPN network is designed to be just universities, hacker spaces, people learning all the time, people mirroring talks between one space or another, the VPN tunnels that we would test beta software on, VoIP channels for people to call back and forth in the middle of the talk. Maybe there's a talk going on at PS1 that somebody in New York really wants to watch and they want to ask questions and stuff like that. War zone is just all pain all the time. The idea is to build this entirely isolated no men's land of data where each node gets its own little chunk of the network to host whatever game they want to host. We come up with a loosely adapted global scoring system and people just lay into each other. So if it's on that network, it's hostile. So war zone is like agoralink but evil. The idea is right now for the most part, the concept of a CTF or challenges that are very similar, most of the time are relegated to a conference setting. You either go to a camp or you go to a con. There's only so many games you can run because you only have a certain amount of time. Moving hardware around the world is expensive. So sometimes there are types of challenges that aren't accessible. A lot of the offline challenges that people play like root wars are kind of niche and very tiny and there's no scoring linking. So there are built in limitations to playing these kinds of games in a conference setting. So the idea of the war zone is to give this other space where anybody with an idea or with a contest concept can host these ideas all the time, hopefully so that there's some more freedom for more exotic challenges at some of the conferences. So the targeted groups for people playing on it, obviously Hacker Space is kind of the point.  So the layout of the network is each node on the war zone is given a slash 24. And the dot one of that slash 24 is your info page.  I'm going to go talk to them. So you go to their dot one and there's this web page that has all of the services that they're hosting and how to play and how to score and all the ins and outs of whatever their challenge may be. And the idea is that this dot one, whatever the gateway is not this is the only part of each node that's not malicious. This is the portion where you find out how to play and not the portion that attacks you. And there are rules obviously. I'm not going to go over these particularly because we're still kind of forming how this is going to work. And there'll be a more permanent fixture. But the idea is basically anything goes as long as you don't attack the hosting network itself. Whether it be botnet challenges, people hosting web stuff for you know, you can log in and elevate credentials. And no space we're actually talking about a project where we'll take live malware and defang it but leave the infectious portions and high T's in them and let people download them and try to launch them to each other. Anything goes as long as you're not stopping other people from playing. That's the spirit of the rules. Yeah, that's, you want to give the fly. Thanks. Okay, there's some guys we need to you say thank you for that. No, first of all, any questions regarding the CTF stuff? You don't have a lot of questions today. Does it, is that connected to the Ninja party last night? Okay. We need to say thank you to several people. One of them was Higa who has built up the, an idea of this, of the VPN for the phone system years ago. Goose who's the developer of Ting. He pretty much likes our hacker spaces and Ting development is done at the moment together with us. You have seen some wishes for the future. Eric Michaud is one of the Americans who kept the pressure and open fly who's doing the images for, for example, for the Phanera. And a lot of other people who helped to contribute in the code and stuff like that. Yes. And we have a wiki where we contact all this information. This wiki is the Hamburg CCC wiki and if you enter KS VPN and Google it will directly get you there. The source is that GitHub. So if you want to have a look at what we're doing, you can just do that very easy. The Ting website is ting minus VPN dot org. Yeah, usually you will find us on the hack and ISE as mentioned on the channel Pound KS VPN. Are there any questions? Two. Okay. No they're two separate networks. It's this, okay the question was if war zone and KS VPN are two different networks or if they just don't attack each other rule. There are two different networks. One of the reasons is war zone, KS VPN is only for hacker spaces while war zone is also for university and security groups and other groups of interested people. So it's different target groups, different ideas. It's just the same stuff we're using. Yes. This is not, this is just, we did it for us but it's all open source and we already have a lot of people, a lot of feedback from people who use it for their own network. I think the general idea to have a mesh network and the general requirements we have are requirements that a lot of people have to the network. This is why it's open source. There's documentation how to set it up for yourself. It's you'll just all find that on the wiki. And we have a network image from the KS VPN to give an impression of the size to, but this is, shall we just show that, yeah. Are there any more questions? Okay, let me try to find, so if you want to get involved in one or another, just as we still have some time left to come over here and we can exchange data, the most, all the information you will need is on the wiki. Just Google for KS VPN and if you want to be more detailed Google for KS VPN, CCC and Hamburg, you will find that. Yeah, there's one more question. There is a set up, there are two different networks. Do we need two different devices? The answer is no. If you use a decent computer with more than one network card, or if you use the Phonera, the switch on the Phonera access point supports VLAN so you can put KS VPN on one port network without any KS VPN at all on the second network, then you can do what on the third network and for example anything totally different on the fourth port. Ting is using this turn device so you can set up more than one tunnel, which is basically the concept behind Ting and you don't have any problems running two or more instances of Ting at the same time. It's working pretty good for me. This should be an overview of the network status at this minute. This page is generated every minute and it's a bit slow. It shows all the notes on the star of the network. Are there any more questions as this is loading? Sorry? So the question is what designates the security group on the war zone? Both networks are web after us so ask and find out. More questions? Okay. Well the star is loading very slowly as it's a very big image. We'll just keep it loading, maybe push it up. First of all, thank you for staying here and talking and listening. If you want to get involved in one or another, feel invited to just come in the front. Hey.


da kuwass fontani uziwany balancing pin再見 hwa mema s Fujiwoli maacity koi yinote. Huwa m specificit kayu titi hima aiekund kh소� like Nikosopan Dea Maki jeti kwa uziwanya dirigoni mgunソKA TALENTE AKHIDIMI wakivat Habuido kawa matu hiwa mote 58 yei ngani kwa uziwanya blends Poduk간ia Good to see you gentlemen. Idrisa Vipibal. Paofuwa Ndugu. Long time bro. Long time sana. Kwanziya 2017. 2017. Ya. Sofapaka, kuleisha ajiwa raka raka? Ndugu, nimi onaka sana wa totowa na ingiwa miyazaratia po isili, sabu ni kwa na ishiwa po Kalifornia. Makatini ona towa na ingiwa miyazaratia sana, sasa ni kakusanya vijana, ni kwa mbiam kuji, tuwa nze akadem, kwa kupunguza yu miyazaratii, piya wengiwa oka ingiwa ubandiwa, bandiwa weizi, unona ni ukorando gondogo. Ndiwa sana kanzisha Sokasta Akademi. Nikiita vijana, kwa hanziwa pole pole. E miyango kubuwa ilikuwa toku towa, toto kuwacha miyazaratii, na kuwacha ujambazi. Oletili na weime, koneksyonia kuna futbolii kwa matuwe ni kwa fanya tu publicity marketi niya team. Ani li koga futbola kitambo, dan ni katan kuwamsani. Olu kwa futbola sa iwi wu ka hanziwa kuwamsani. Ndiwa. Ulu kuna cheza wa pi mbiru? Ani li koga golani. Nini kwa golani mwigi na mnoma sana. Ulu kwa golatari? Atari sana. So miyeko aje kupusho marketing, niya team ni ni ni ni. Ume kukifanya ya through which means. Amini li kwa na danski asi, na plainwa, watu iwi futaki dogo. Ya yu design tu. Yu design? Ndiya ndiwa. Kuhama, wa hinia maisha kwa muna kareni talapia na kwa Kristiano-Ru-Nando-Lenel, Menciciliit, Mbapu-Neme-Meking Kunia muna kwa hinii kwa Abbas muna katikacu Dunia, winii dunia umpersuna Abbas kwa kwa maisha Kurimachi, Kapa Prinsu ya? Kwa kwenifia iiise? Kwa kwenifia kwa kwenifia? Mantaro Which grade? I'm in grade 3 You are in grade 3? Yes You play football at what position? Right wing Right wing? Yes How has it been? Who inspired you to start playing football? My friends Your friends? Yes And you probably have been watching football on TV as well? Yes Which team do you support? PSG PSG Yes Why PSG of all the teams? Why the majority of youth and young people are always running behind English Premier League sites? Arsenal, United Chelsea, what about PSG? Because when it was PSG vs. NASA, PSG won And I started just liking PSG because Messi joined it Wow, good stuff Now I'm going to listen into Who is he? Mason The mic is all yours, how are you doing Mason? Fine You keep him well? Yes Good to see you, glad you visited us today Thank you Which school? Consolata school Which grade? Grade 2 And what position do you play yourself? Striker Striker? Wow Who inspired you to start playing like Afwan? I started playing striker When it was just I started liking striker because you can move forward, attack, then you can score Oh, who is your own model? Wain Rooney Oh, I love Wain Rooney myself He's been a proper footballer now, a coach And which team do you support overseas? Alnasia Alnasia Alnasia The one person Alnasia is playing for? Oh my goodness Which means you just started playing supporting Alnasia the other day, right? When it was Manchester, I liked Manchester but now it's Alnasia Oh, you moved with him? Yes And now Abbas, give Abbas the microphone Abbas is the real talent here Abbas, what grade? Which school? Kilelesha Which grade? Grade 7 What position do you play? I play attacking mid Like who? Bruno Fennandes Oh, you like Bruno Fennandes? Yes Where do you see yourself in the next few years after you've done with Junior Secondary, now that you're in grade 7? I hope my career goes well and I start playing for teams and join the international Kenyan leagues And before you join the international Kenyan leagues, you need to feature for one of the local top tier sides Let's say FC Leopard, Goldmahia, Sofa Kaka, the team that your coach played for before Where are you seeing yourself in the local Premier League? Harambistas Oh, just the national team Oh, like in the In the local Premier League, which club probably do you see yourself featuring for? Sofa Kaka Sofa Kaka But how is it going down at the Soka Strike Academy? It's been really good. Lately we've been playing games We've been taking most wins And in school parents are them pressing your football career? Both mum and dad? Yeah, both of them are supporting it Both of them are supporting it And Sufian, how are you Sufian? Good Which school? Tanimul Islam I haven't heard anything Tanimul Islam Oh, which grade? Five Which position do you play? Right mid No, right wing Like who? Like Antoni Oh, Antoni? Most of you support United Bruno, Antoni, Rooney So, how has it been like for you? Good At the academy, do you enjoy being part of the academy, being part of the setup? Yeah, I love it there It has been a smooth sailing so far You've learnt a lot And going forward, where do you see yourself? The expectation probably? Yeah You see yourself featuring for which team in the future? Man City Antoni Antoni is your own model But do you see yourself featuring for Man City in the future? Yes Anyway, of course it's the Sokastar Academy joining me on this On this particular afternoon Speaking about talent development in the country With focus on what they are doing to ensure that The impact positively to the society Especially to the youngsters who passionate about Soka And they see themselves featuring prominently For top sides in the world You always speak to the coach Ibrisa Ndikumana Yes Webibana What is your progress? Progress to Mengangana I have a promotion in Kwanzaa I have a vision in Lanzanao I have joined Kariobank Sharks I have joined Madaare I have joined the national team under 16 I have joined the national team under 16 And I have been promoted to third Where are you based? I am based in the primary I am based in the primary I have a branch in Dogon Dogo I have moved to California I have moved to Tuliansia I have moved to California desert I have moved to Fungua I have moved to Rwanda I have moved to Panga Are you doing them in Compliance with FKF Regulations Ni ni mkosankshun Tu koregista sababu Atatumeti za lig Yo timiangu kubo ilicheza lig Lakin ni sponsors Njokidogo Ikatu leti down Tu kwa sansa visuri Na tu kwa atumeti toka lig Tu kwa nambambili kwa lig Kutu sponsor li kwangum Tu kwa na sponsors Ikachizachisa sekabili Tu toke lig Na tu jamaliza lig Lakin ni venye turkwa na enda Tu kwa na juwa Tagedi turkwa Evriya tunapanda Datu yo na sayu vijana Wama mojiwa metiza national team Wengini wa korekariubang shakusa hii Wanchiza wo tema club kubo kubo Satu ngeba kipa mojiwe wale Yo generation ya kwanza Kama sayu tukopa li zahidi Ulizewa rezoniemi ni ilifanya mukanzisha hii setup Ni juya madraksu Vijano asare Drags And all those crime related activities Lakin ni environment Mulianziya ni sli But right now Right now tuko What informed that Nini li fanya mukaturoka isli And has that purpose been met Kwa zobabu za kama Mulianzii sli Kumaliza madre na mukmehama Kitu ya kwanza Nemi fanya tuwamiya kilileshwa Nikienda kama kwa media hii Nikienda kama kwa media hii Wato wana piga Wana piga simu sana wakilileshwa Nona kilileshwa kilimani Wazizi wana piga wana sema Tuna kwa kwa tuna Jikosan treti sana nama Island Wana uliza kwa ni munga lumba Tu talent Island Uku sisi watu tu Talenti naka munga lichagua kasi Uku kutakua talent Yanyu makatini mefungu akademikilileshwa Nona siya basi tu kuko Kuna wakilileshwa gini Kuna wakilileshwa kutuna Kufika kwa trainingu na sema Kumi ni training nile papasu Uwe kuchu na jo kitu na taka kwa muto hii Uwe kwa na taka kama ni akademikilileshwa kutafutapesa Ita kwa kutafutapesa Lakimi na penda ushinti sa So isio daycare Kuna wana Viewers wana sema hii Akademis mingina irobin daycare tuia Watutu kuenda wukoku west time Tafaza liya basi mone siya kitu kama ni daycare Siya tu sii daycare Wana like nobdo in brisa Siya tu sii daycare Siya tu sii daycare basa Anafanya bituza Kame sema tieni right wing Yana chiza midfida Yataki midfila kama Bruno Kame sema Bruno domsera ke Lakini in the future Isis himself featuring for Top sites like Paris and Jami Alafu oletile Weweza kutuni pa li TikTok ni ni ni Instagram Pa li TikTok, Instagram, Facebook Ndiyo Kwanjiya kukutamu sa mini Blesi ufaanya tu Platform dance ni ni budutu ni zakuza talent Ndiyo Ime kwa aje muna informu Mwatu about fix yazenu Results ni ni ni Aspona usuna jo talenti nalipo Sii kama zilensi zaki Kita ambu bini Kwa chuwa usi jini ni Nani ma somu mukabisa Soma ni natu ni Sushoma hindi anozango Kwa dikiti piawa lewatu ni ngini Kwanisha pia kuna space wuku Abetuza Reza usi jini Nifike ma limi na kata Kwa sababa in the past kumikwana hili Stereotype Ndiya Isi ma kukarikela kama shule Kwa zazu wa na insisti u Aspona usu Ndiyo Kwa zulu ui Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Nadiya Ndiya Ndiya Ndiya Yu kuch, Idrisa and Yoletilia sayin that you guys are extremely talented and they see you playing high profile football in the long run. Do you agree? Do you agree from the same script with them? Why? Because they always teach us new things. Ya, like, like, like, like, tell us. What have you been taught since you enrolled in this particular academy? How to dribble. Ya. You know how to dribble. Ya. You do it better. Ya. Like in Makini Primary Grade 3, you can defeat everyone in terms of dribbling. Ya. And mama and dad, are they enjoying it? Ya. Do they love seeing whatever they are seeing in you? Ya. Ya. What can you tell the other youngsters who are outside watching the show, watching you on TV and you know, they haven't enrolled. With this setup. What can you tell them? They joined the academy very soon? Yes. Let's now listen him to his, his Maeson. Maeson. Yes. You know how to score. You said you play like Wayne Rooney. You know, Wayne Rooney used to score goals when he wants. Patrick is scoring places. The game could not end without him having scored. Ya. Are you also seeing yourself doing that? Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Ya. It doesn't need to be regular for a start but you know, with time, you will start scoring when you feel like doing it, right? Yes, it gets better and better. With time? Yes. But has it been like that? It has been very good with the coach. He taught us dribbling, how to juggle and how to pass very well. Ya. And he has been passing very well. Ya. The opening teams are scared whenever they are playing against a so-called struck academy. Ya. And especially the defenders are man-marking Maeson. Sometimes no. Are those defenders scared of you whenever you are playing against them? Maybe not. Abas. In your league, you've been the front liners, right? You've been winning several matches. Ya. And at the end of the season, what is normally a target? Please getting a best player trophy or top score. And you know when it's best player trophy, it is you. That is individual game. How is a team game in general? We've been playing a lot of tournaments. And we've won. But even though it's like we are in number one, the minimum level we are at is the bronze position. So it's been fantastic so far and you've enjoyed every bit of it. Ya. And Sufiam, what can you tell us? What is the expectation? What can you tell your schoolmates, you know, classmates who haven't joined this particular initiative? And they're watching you on TV, watching you say how you've been enjoying every bit of what the academy does. I will tell them to join Sokason this month or maybe next month. And you are classmates? Am I classmates? Are they envious of you? Ha? Are they envious of you? Do they watch you? Do they come visit your playgrounds at Klialesha Primary Watch? Do you do what you do? No. Some of my friends in school live in Parkland. So that's why they come. And then it's impossible to come here because they have madrasa. Wow. This Sokastar Academy joining us this particular afternoon. We're doing it uniquely. You know why 254? We never keep it too formal. Sometimes we tend to just enjoy ourselves and do stuff like we're doing this particular afternoon on the touchline. Every Saturday, one, two, three, keeping it sporty, keeping what's happening in Lokaland beyond. But this time around we're focusing on the talent development in the country, in the wake of what this initiative is doing for the youngsters, young kids in the estates. And just like Likumana said that they started in Islam, they have been spreading their wings a little bit further to other areas and urging parents to register their kids with them. So Likumana. Yes. Why should I register Ravel Morson with your academy? Because there are plenty of academies in Nairobi. Why should I bring Ravel to your academy? You see, convince me as to why. Nispele ke mu toto Chesa Academy, Yuko South B, nile te kuako. Ni ninimkona yo unique. Ile inye, in a standout, Kamsa? Unique tu kwa zasi tu na training, shaka mama professional. Mimonyoni professional, assistant coach, amon muzungu from France, nimanamuke, nivenye, adipata matanga, Ayuko. Nisisi tu na foka sana na professional trainings. Na tu na taka MIA tu kubama drama, DREAMZE tu kubwa, noa vijana wacheze professional football. Mimonyoni na jua nimeshacha za locals sana, nimeshacha za Borundi, nimeshacha za national team na Borundi, nimeshacha za Pakenya, nimeshacha za Ujaluwoni, Uluya, nimeshacha za Puan, nimeshacha za Nairobi. Na jua. Badawa kwa premier league biza iti Sofapaka, Tengani ni gini uvichu sana? Nikuwa Soni Shuga. Soni Shuga? Ni di kwa modern coast. Modern coast? Sa datu eni kuna experience kubwa. Na si eti mi ni kwa beta kuli kwa eni ni nga uti. Lakini visual zangu, juo zi na kaa, si foka sisa na, ya ni vijana wacheze tu bolo apoteivi. Na taka wavijana ni wa oni wakoko juu. Ni kapa vini na tu kuna kijana moja elenda taki, na mungi na elenda sweden, ison juo vitu, juo drima zitu sasa kwa tikuwa sokasta. Datu e kama tu na, na itisha wazazi, wa leto atutuao. Sae ni, tu na taka tuangali kwanza. So wakua tuwali seima, kileleshwa, kilimani, Uluya kwezi toka talenti. Nami ni kuna jinaji patia 5 yas, ni oneshe Kenya, talenti na toka kileleshwa. Procedia ya mutu kujo inakademi ni gani. Procedia ya mutu akitaka kule tamtoi, ana panya ni ni? Tu na kwa na nambayasim, tu na piyana, tu kuna ison ni ni, juo kuna managementi, juo managementi juo, ana mambiya, kusema, umututua join team, utafanya evi na evi, sababu sunana vini, wako smart. Ya. Iote ni managementi juo, ina organazi yuna, na mzazi omtoto. Lakin wakitu follow, wa follow sokasta, tu kuna page tu Facebook ni sokasta, tu kuna Instagram ni sokasta, tu kuna TikTok ni sokasta, piya, tu kuna uyu TikTok, uletile, piya piya. Ya zazi, marketing ya ko, imifikiwa atwenki akademi, imeja, atu hi ama, bado ni om nasubado. Bado. Okay. To be honest, easy bado, lakin ni matiki, ina om na tanapini, ni fiti sana. In the future, umna junom kwa, ya, me succeed. Ya. Sasa ni, ni platforms gani, umatwa ni zafolo, those who are watching and probably they express joining the omifikiwa. Okay, umna zafolo at uletile dancing masai, umna zafiwa atu kuna page tu ya sokasta, piya, IG, kila mahali tu. Napaale, uki DM, siu di budi DM sezote. But your message is, sports and ads are paying. Manake, uki, likwana onisha manke, uki follow uletile, uletile dance masai, atokpatiya instructions, uletile sokasta, uki follow sokasta page, Facebook, sokasta page, Instagram, sokasta page, TikTok, tu kukote. Sanasa na ko uletile, doa na pitiya ganyingi, doa na uletile tu. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Sokasta. Niya amb заб deny, newly al aya, na nya basa. Sokasta. Sokasta. Beeil. Bunga bonga, kumilati, äuhť. Aya. Diwa. Kwa mga mga mga mga? We will do it. We will do it. We will do it. We will do it. We will do it.  What do you want to say as we finish the show, the interview? I'll tell them to join Sokasta. Wow, and something probably for your dad, for your mom. You keeping it to yourself. Mason? I wish everyone to join Sokasta and I wish them a good day and I love my parents. I wish them to give me, everyone have many, many more. For the kids out there who are not in any club at the moment and are planning on joining any soka club, Sokasta is here. We train at Kileleshu and to my parents, to my brothers and to my cousins at home. Thank you for helping me and thank you for supporting my football career. For everyone who hasn't joined Sokasta, if you haven't joined right now and thank you mom and dad for supporting me in my hard life time. Wow, it is Sufian, Abbas, Mason, Prince all from Sokasta academy joining us this afternoon to dissect their insights and views with how they are doing. They say their progress is fine and urging all other youngsters outside. If they haven't joined any club or academy yet to follow suit and be part of the exercise. Of course it's been touchline and we're still underway until 3 o'clock. My name is Robert Antiraswayaki. We'll be joining us not too long to talk about international football and give a preview with regards to what's happening tomorrow. Fokas on Karabauka, final piting. Manunited against Newcastle. Dresa kumana looks like he wants to speak a lot of things. You haven't exhausted yet. Dresa? Manu nungu amusho kwa za niku ataka mone kuchaji na marketing. Onishi kitu na fanyaga kidogo. Kwam tanda uju atilis tuwato kuna jwe image na wakuna jwe kumunjo. Asha kwa mbia, I think he has already explained so parents. Nae, sikilam tu kuna mitu za eke. Sisi kwa nimejibaba na. Mekazana san na. Kocha Mekazana san na lazima rita muntikengu. Lazima tu mone basi. Sorry sorry. Okay. Na tili, team influenza. Na fanya mambuyake. Mufanya team publicity. Amia what about fixtures and team results na pia rallying. Other parents bring their kids and join the initiative. Na pleasure doing this, very good afternoon. Don't go away, continue staying tuned.