Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor education. I'd like to solve a couple of problems related to heat transfer Heat transfer problems. Now this lecture is part of the course Physics 14's presented on Unizor.com. I do suggest you to watch this lecture from the website because together with the video presentation you will have the text basically like a textbook in front of you with all the formulas, calculations, etc. So it's very beneficial and The site is completely free. There are no advertisements. So you don't even have to Sign in if you don't want to take exams, but if you want to challenge yourself, please do Okay, so let's get to the problems. So I would like to solve the problems in in general with some unknown variables basically describing the physical Objects we are dealing with and then maybe if I have time I will use some concrete numbers to basically do whatever it is If not, the numbers will be in the text part of this lecture just for a calculation purpose So that's not very important thing. What's important thing is to approach the problems in their general sense and understanding. So my first problem is Let's consider You have a room Which is supposed to be of certain temperature so we have a certain temperature of the room and There is an outside world Which has its own temperature? My purpose is to maintain a Concrete difference between outside temperature and inside temperature So for instance, I would like my room to be Let's say 15 degrees of Celsius of Celsius Higher than than the outer temperature. Okay, so this delta is given All right, so based on Temperature outside Knowing the delta we can always Calculate what will be the room temperature? But in any case I would like to be dependent only on this delta So if you have a room at certain temperature, you have outside at certain temperature my purpose is To find out how much heat we are losing because of the difference in temperature Which necessitates if I would like to maintain the constant room temperature to have a source of heat Inside the room of the same amount of heat Which we are losing through Conductivity of the of the wall which separates So I assume that the room is perfectly insulated from all the sides except one which is facing the outside world and To make my life easier. I assume that this wall is just solid Wall of some substance of the of the same thickness and in certain area So all I need this information for so I need the area of the room, which is a I need thickness of the room which is L and I need the thermal conductivity Conductivity Which is K So this is a relatively simple problem Related to heat transfer and it has practical Applications as well. So I know what kind of a Difference in temperature I would like to maintain. I know Where actually the heat is going it's going through this wall which has the area of A and the thickness of the wall is L and it's made of some solid material which has certain Coefficient of conductivity thermal conductivity Okay so to maintain this type of a Condition Temperature here temperatures there, etc. I will introduce a function. So let's consider this is my wall This is a room this is outside and I will introduce The point X which is a difference From let's say from the room to any point inside the wall because the heat actually is Sipping through this wall from this surface to that surface, right? This is Assume let's assume that the room temperature is higher than the outer temperature. So the heat goes this way now I Would like to determine the function What is the temperature at each point? From the inside surface to the outside surface now first of all I I think it's reasonable to assume that considering this is a solid wall Which means the penetration of the heat is exactly the same on each layer of this wall I have to assume that this function is linear Depending on X The thicker the wall Obviously the temperature would be closer and closer to T out and on this surface T of zero is equal to T room and T of L Because the thickness of the wall is L is T out and In between from zero to L my function T of X should be linear and I can determine the coefficients Alpha and beta very easily easily from these two. So if I substitute Zero for X, I will have basically alpha, which is equal to T room And if I substitute L, I will have T out equals alpha, which is T room Plus beta times L, right? from which L is equal to T out minus T room divided by L I mean beta is equal to Well quite frankly I would like everything to be Well in this case beta is negative as you see, but so it's minus delta But if I will define delta the other way around Which probably is better because I'm starting from this point from the room So this is the starting point. This is the ending point. So usually Probably would be better if I will consider delta to be negative in which case I don't have to I Don't have to carry this sign. So the sign is inside Delta is negative in this case All right, so I know basically this so T of X is equal to T room plus T out minus T room divided by L X correct So if X is equal to zero, this is zero I will have T room and if X is equal to L I have this is one L divided by L T room and T room will cancel and I will have T out. So these conditions are Actually satisfied. I don't need them anymore. Now I have my function Temperature as a function Of the distance from the surface facing the room Well, if this is the beginning Then that's how it goes Okay, so I know the temperature. That's good Now if I have Two layers, let's say With different temperatures obviously the heat goes through this and we have the law of Fourier, which basically states that the rate of Heat transfer From one layer to another The rate in terms of per unit of time and per unit of area depends basically only on two things on the temperature and the Conductivity So it's basically equals to minus K times My Derivative of of the of the temperature basically if you start if you start from Instead of differential if you will use Just an increment delta you will increment from X to X plus delta X Which will basically give you the similar formula with delta X and then you divide it both both by by delta X and go to it Limit when delta X is going to zero and you will have this for yellow for yeah Which was discussed in one of the previous lesson lessons Now let's recall. This is the function of X which means this is also a function of X So again, this is how much heat goes Through the unit of surface per unit of time Okay Now why is it minus here? Let's just think about it the heat goes from left to right, which means we are basically Transferring the heat towards this now this Temperature temperature is we are assuming this is cooler. This is warm and this is cooler. So the temperature of X is Going down. So the The derivative is negative. So negative and negative will be positive. So we are losing that much of heat That's what's very important. We are losing this much of heat okay now it's Amount of heat which we are losing per unit of time per unit of area now. What's our area? Well, area is a which means that I Can actually multiply it by a to get Total amount of heat which we are losing Through this area right Now what is the derivative? Well derivative of this function. Well, this is the constant. So it goes out derivative is this Right, it's linear function. So derivative is basically this coefficient, which is Delta by the way So I can say that this is equal to minus K Delta and Now I have to multiply by a Because again, this is per unit of area and I have the whole wall Separating room from the outside world. So I have to multiply by the area of the wall So this is Oh, I'm sorry, it's not Delta. It's Delta divided by L. So it's like this so what Basically, this states is that the loss of the heat per unit of time is Constant you see it doesn't depend on X because this is a linear function and obviously it's a linear function because our wall is Solid and consists of exactly the same material. That's why it's linear if it's different Something something like the layer of insulation then maybe the brick maybe another labor installation or something like this Then obviously this will not be a linear function. So I have kind of Simplified my job assuming this is just a solid material solid wall, but in this case, this is the formula and by the way, I have calculated in one particular case when the wall is made of concrete and we know the the conduction of the Of the cement wall or concrete wall, whatever So we know the Delta. Let's say Delta is inside 20 degrees Celsius. I'm outside is let's say 5 degrees Celsius It's a winter time in in north and semi hemisphere So we have differences with 15 degrees the area of the wall Well, again, let's say 4 by 3 meters like 12 meters square Widths of the wall is let's say 20 centimeters, which is 0.2 in my example and I calculated what's the basically Amount of heat which we are losing per unit of time and my calculations show it's about 540 watts So this means we need a source of heat the heater of this type of a power for the Amount of heat where we are losing through this one wall now, obviously in real practical situations We are not really losing through one particular wall. We might actually have some conductivity to other places Well, maybe not if they are on the same temperature level Usually we have windows in the room which definitely complicated the picture So the transfer through the window should be calculated separately from the transfer from the other parts of the wall Plus the ball is not really a solid uniform material So we probably have non-linear function here. It all depends and it all can be calculated slowly Boringly Unfortunately, but it can be done using exactly the same Strategy all you have to do is basically separate your bigger problem into a set of smaller problem Windows one thing Wall is another thing layer of insulation is the third thing etc So you can calculate very slowly separately each of these guys and then you will still have the final result Which is how much heat you need to warm up this room? Okay, that's my first problem Now my problem number two was actually the same problem with calculation, which I have just Skipped and gave you the result 140 and Now I will go to my third problem Also, I will do it in general case first and I'm not sure I will go into the calculations for specific things So my next problem is related to again very practical situation of let's say you have Hot tea kettle just boil the water You have your drink and then it's basically stinging on the stove and cooling down Slowly cooling down. I would like to know What is exactly the temperature of this tea kettle? As a function of a time as it goes now, obviously you understand from just general intuitive Logic that in the beginning when the kettle is very hot the amount of heat which it emits into the room using the Convection of the air is Probably higher than if it's already cooled down and it's almost the same temperature as the air So I was also kind of thinking about what is the graph of the function Temperature as a function of time well, I was thinking that it should be something like this. So this is basically the level of room temperature and This is the level of temperature of the of the tea kettle So let's say in the beginning it's 100 degrees Celsius Which means we just boiled it and then it's basically slowly Slow go goes down first a little faster and then slower and slower So that's what I was thinking which reminds me obviously the exponential function and I basically want to find out if it's really kind of exponential Well Somebody told me a joke that in the real world everything is exponential and if not exponential is logarithmic Which is inverse function. Okay jokes aside. Let's just try to apply the theory of convection To this particular situation Now I would like to simplify my job again. It's very typical for physicists First they model the real world And then they realize that the model is not actually the same as real world They're trying to complicate it more and more until it may be closer and closer to the real world But right now I would like to really simplify my my work my my my problem down to a very kind of a palatable case Now let's just think about if this is a real tea kettle Well, it has a metal outside. It has some remnants of the water whatever we have not used for tea Which means obviously it's complicated. I mean first you have the convection Towards The air then it's not immediately whatever you lost your your heat from the surface of this tea kettle doesn't immediately actually Go doesn't immediately cool down the inside the water So maybe there is a convection inside of the tea kettle as well. So complicated too complicated We are not considering this my consideration is much much much simpler instead of a tea kettle in the air. I will have a thin square Object of Certain temperature, let's say Tea of tea that would be the temperature of this as the time goes obviously Tea of zero should be given In case of a tea kettle right after it it boiled the water it would be 100 degrees Celcius, but in any case there is some kind of an initial temperature Then around this there is some kind of a substance. I don't care what whatever it is liquid or or gas which basically Is taking the heat out from this Thin square and the temperature of outside is constant. I assume this substance has TS temperature Because the outside is very large infinitely large in my model the outside world is infinitely large Which means whatever the temp whatever the heat this thing emits it It's completely dissipates and doesn't really change this temperature Because if it does it's another complication and I have to take it into account, which is Again, not not very difficult, but I would like to simplify this job my job So we have this infinitely large outside substance which you it which is used like a sink for the heat the heat goes from here and It dissipates immediately using the convection now for instance This is water like ocean right and this is just a hot square of L by L and It has certain mass and now why did I? Specify that it's very thin well because if it's very thin then the Cooling of the surface here or here on the upper or the lower part immediately Effects the whole object and the thinner it is the faster the heat actually is Propagated I mean loss of the heat is actually propagated inside and I don't really have to take into account the conductivity within this particular Object again simplification from the real life if I will have let's say a cube Then I will have to take into account that whatever my heat is dissipated From the outside it will take some time for the entire object to cool down. So again, no such complication my Square is infinitely thin, which means my heat is immediately effecting the temperature from the outside of this object immediately Conducted through the whole object. That's why it is thin Okay, that's good. Now. What else do I need? I Have dimensions. All right, I think it's time. We can actually start Calculating oh, yes, I do need something more. I need specific specific Heat Capacity of the object which is C because obviously if this is let's say piece of metal Then it will cool down during one particular Time and According to one particular law, but if it's a piece of let's say wood Or plastic then the probably the things will be different Okay, so I need the specific heat capacity now the way how I approach this Problem is the following during certain Amount of time Delta T I will have certain amount of heat Based on this temperature and this temperature temperature of the object and temperature of the outside Substance I will have certain amount of time of heat dissipated at the same time Since we have lost this amount of time of heat the temperature of the object must be lowered Now if I know by how much My temperature has changed I can calculate how much heat we have lost because I have this heat capacity and And the mass right so knowing mass and heat capacity and knowing the difference between two temperatures Before and after this period I can know how much I lost at the same time Since I know the temperature and outside temperature of object and temperature outside using the convection laws I Can calculate how much this substance actually took Heat and if I will basically just equate one to another I will have certain equation Based on which I can determine what is my function T right that that's a general general approach So amount of heat lost by the object should be equal to amount of heat consumed by convection in The substance okay, so let's calculate one and another and let's not pay attention to the sign because one probably is Positive another is negative doesn't really matter right now because when we equate them That would be or I mean we can all we can always say that okay They are positive and negative, but their sum is equal to zero same thing. All right doesn't really matter So I assume that this object is hotter and the substance is cooler So my heat goes from the object to the outside Substance, okay, so first of all first of all I will use the difference between these two temperatures and the law of convection To calculate how much heat we actually consumed by outside Substance and for this I need H which is this substance How is it called? I think I have the name convection heat transfer coefficient Convection heat transfer coefficient because this is needed for basically calculating how much heat will be Consumed by the substance through the convection Now as you remember from one of the previous lectures the amount of heat per Unit of time per unit of area. So the heat transfer Rage rate if you wish depends on this Convection heat transfer coefficient Convection heat transfer coefficient and the difference between the temperature So the temperature of the object is this temperature of substance is this All right That's what happens now if I have this rate of Heat transfer using the conductivity, but my object has certain area through which this heat is transferred because this is per unit of time per unit of Area, so I have to multiply it by area which is L squared times two right to L squared That would be the total amount of heat which Substance around this object is consuming using the convection All right provided this Coefficient of Heat transfer through the convection So this is my amount of heat which I have Consumed by the substance around This object Now let's think about what happens During the time Whatever was happening now. This is the rate. So I was talking about let's have certain amount of time delta t and To calculate how much we have Consumed during this period of time. I just have to multiply it by delta t so this is amount of heat energy is consumed by My outside world outside substance During the time delta t from the surface which has area to L square Top and bottom to L square, right? We're assuming this is a square and very thin square Now this is the temperature Now if my delta t is really small I can assume that the temperature is Constant during this period of time. I mean that's a general assumption in all the calculus So we are assuming that that the delta t or Increment of the argument is relatively small. So the function doesn't really change much during this increment And then we will go to a limit When when delta t goes to zero and then it will be the regular kind of an assumption Now let's calculate how much We have well we calculated how much we lost but now During the same amount of time if we know that we have lost temperature from t t to t of t plus delta t We are going to differential equation equations as you understand Now so during this period of time the function This function gives me change of the temperature Now if temperature has changed in the object itself Considering I know the Specific heat capacity and mass you know that the amount of Heat which I have lost would be t of t plus delta t minus minus t of t that's the difference of Temperature this is how much we have lost now if we will multiply it by specific heat capacity and mass That would be amount of heat which we have lost right? to increase if you remember to increase the temperature by a unit of temperate by by a unit of temperature we need amount of Object the mass of the object and specific heat capacity That basically definition of specific heat capacity so these two are supposed to be equal That's what the most important part of it Okay, from which everything follows very very easily if you divide this equation by delta t you will have C times m times t of t plus delta t minus t of t divided by delta t equals to to l square h T of t minus t s t s is a constant. That's the substance around the object temperature and Obviously you understand we go to a limit with delta t goes to zero in which case this is basically a definition of the derivative t of t By the way differential equations derivatives whatever whatever the calculus actually has in its Chest of tools These are the major tools used in physics everywhere. You will see differentials Derivatives differential equations etc etc the whole physics is based on this well the whole Apparatus of calculus was invented for the purposes of the physics by Newton and Leibniz and followers and some people even say that the whole mathematics is just Part of the physics, but okay, let's not go into this But in any case this is obviously a nice and very simple differential equation Which I'm going to solve right now and you will see where the exponential comes from First of all, let me simplify my my work I don't like all these are all constant. This is the constant which is the Specific heat capacity of the object whatever it's made of This is the mass. It's also given this is Convection heat transfer coefficient of the surrounding Substance and this is the sub the dimension of the of the object. It's a square L by L, right? So let me just put all of them together So I will put something like 2l square h divided by c times m Let's call it alpha whatever Now next thing I will simplify it x of t is equal to t of t minus ts this thing It's simpler if I will put it x of t why? because dx of t By dt is equal to dt of t by dt Because this is a constant, right? So subtract the constant from the function doesn't change its derivative. So This equation can be rewritten as now dt by dt is the same as dx by dt Equals to alpha times x of t Much simpler, right? And obviously we can solve it very easily Put dt over there and x t over here. So we have dx of t to x of t equals alpha t dt And now we can integrate it Now what is this? Well, this is derivative of logarithm, right? It's logarithm of x of t plus constant is equal to alpha t Now this is I don't want to use cc is already used somewhere Whatever the constant is All right So since it's just any kind of a free constant whatever it is We can put it here as well same thing plus minus doesn't matter. It's just any constant because we are Integrating, right? It's a indefinite integral All right, so we will define the coefficient beta a little bit later now obviously I have to Resolve it for x of t by doing what by raising e to this A logarithm of f of f of x and I will have f of f x of t is equal to e to the power of Alpha t Times again, this is any kind of a constant. So it's just another Coefficient times gamma right because we are raising to the power So that's why it's multiplication here all right now alpha we know what alpha actually is it's a What is it? It's 2l square h Divided by cm Okay, well actually I had to put the minus I was talking about minus and plus Sign so we basically understand that this is a negative thing because the temperature goes down, right? so The only thing is we don't know what gamma is right? Well, we can obviously Determine it by Substituting t is equal to zero when t is equal to zero at the beginning of the time This is one and the temperature x of zero is equal to x Zero I was talking about this in the very beginning. That's the beginning from which we start cooling our object, right? So that's basically what gamma is, right? I think I called it t zero not x zero All right, so basically we have solved everything and our answer to our problem is x of t well instead of x of t I will use now this t of t minus T s equals to this coefficient This well, that's not exactly true x of t is equal to all the T of zero minus t s, right? Which means t zero minus t s that's what gamma is So I have t zero minus t s times e to the power of Again, what is it minus to l square h divided by c m t t to the power So here is our exponent Now if you wish you can write it differently. We need Okay, that would be easier Again if t is equal to zero, this is one Which means my sum would be t s plus t zero minus t s so I will have t zero so a time t is equal to zero my temperature is equal to t zero Now if t is equal to infinity e to the power minus infinity is zero, right? Well, obviously we are talking about limits, right when t is Indefinitely increasing now this is going to zero, which means my temperature Eventually as the t is increasing will be closer and closer to this this component will be closer to zero So my temperature will be close and closer to temperature of the surrounding area but in any Finite moment of time it will not be equal so we need infinity actually so in the infinity My cattle will cool down to exactly the temperature of the surrounding air But obviously after Significant amount of time the temperature of the cattle will be insignificantly Greater than the temperature of outside air and we can actually complete the disregard this difference but anyway, this is the confirmation of our original logical kind of thinking that the graph is supposed to be Something like this, but this is T s and this is T Zero the temperature will go down Asymptotically approaching the temperature of the surrounding substance Okay, that's it Obviously we can put maybe I will put it in in the textual part of this lecture some calculation for a concrete case But in any case this is a very important Problem in that respect that it's using the laws which we already know which means the law of conductivity and the law of convection and the heat capacity and We're using a good mathematical apparatus of differential equations So just one more confirmation to whatever I was talking called the time that on the same unizord.com website There is a mass proteins course, which is a prerequisite. The mass is a prerequisite for the physics course. So Make sure you know everything whatever isn't that course. All right, that's it for today. Thank you very much and good luck


Hi guys! It's Lindsay. Thanks for tuning in to Inside the Hymn today.  And it is a time for us to wear all the things that we've made loud and proud and kind of give us an excuse and a reason and motivation to wear the things that we have made. Which is awesome. And actually, this is the very first time I participated in Me Made May at all. And I guess part of me wasn't sure if I was going to make it through the whole month. You know when they do those photo a day things on Instagram? I never keep up with those. So I wondered if I was going to keep up with this. Full disclosure, I didn't post everything I wore to Instagram. That was just way too much. But I did post every few days or so. And ScoutsHonor, I participated and I wore something me made every single day. It was kind of cool because after a while people at the office and people in my regular life knew that it was me made May. And so then they would just say, oh you made that. That's so awesome. And it wasn't any question as to whether or not it was retail or not. And I think a lot of times people don't approach you about what you're wearing because they don't know that you've made it. But when they realize that you've made it, then it's like 10 times more awesome. So that was kind of fun to have other people participating too. But I wanted to share with you four things that I learned during and by participating in Me Made May. The first one is I have a lot of me made clothes. And I, like I said, wasn't sure if I was going to have enough clothes to go through the whole month. But I definitely did. I got to wear something that I made every day and I didn't repeat once. I think that you do realize the things that you love, the me made items that you love because you'd find yourself wanting to wear them again within a one month period. But I didn't. I didn't repeat anything. I found something new to wear. And you know, in the months time, you have a lot of different life experiences. You're not doing the same thing day in and day out. You have events you have to go to or parties or concerts, you know, in addition to your regular work and weekend stuff. So it's a real opportunity to see just kind of like what kind of lifestyle I really have and how my me made wardrobe fits into that. Which I'll come back to. It's kind of part of one of my other things I learned. But the second one is to let go of the bad makes. So now that I realize that I do have a lot of me made, I also realize that in that group are a lot of things, not a lot, that are a few things that are not up to the standard of my sewing now, if that makes sense. Little things like I made this top from like a quilting cotton and it was like a border print and the concept of the top is really cute. But the pattern that I used is like, what the heck? The collar is like so big. I don't know if it was a vintage pattern or what, but the collar is freaking huge and it's not modern anymore to have a collar that comes down so low. It's very 70s, very retro. And so I'm like, yeah, why did I do that? And so for that reason, I don't love that top and so wear that top that often. I did wear it this month and the whole time I felt a little self-conscious about it. So I need to just let that go. Take it to Goodwill. It'll find another home for someone who can pull off a huge collar like that. So yeah, so the second thing is just to kind of accept the fact that you have a lot of me made clothes and that's great. But that if things aren't perfect, just like with regular ready to wear clothes, if you don't feel comfortable in it, then don't keep it just because you made it. You have plenty of other awesome things in your wardrobe that you made that you can show off that make you feel more confident and more comfortable than the bad stuff. The third thing is, so I have this horrible habit and I talked about this before, but I like to finish things up to 99.9% of their completion and then I'll stop. And I'll put it in my closet, even though it's not totally done, like what is that? Like tell me, I'm sure there's some awesome psychological reason as to why I do that. But I need there's so many things that I took out of my closet and wore even though they weren't finished. And usually that's on the inside and double usually it has to do with hand sewing. So I need to go finish those things because those garments are so nice. Like they really are great makes and I'm proud to wear them. But they're they literally have raw edges like on the inside like no, nobody wants to wear that. So I have a lot of hand sewing to do to get my me made wardrobe completely done. I don't know why I do that. I have no idea. Okay, so what are we on the fourth thing? Like I said before, like you have a month so you have your whole life like happening in a month. You're going to different things doing different things, but then you also realize the things that you don't do. And what I found was I have a lot of clothes that are too nice for my lifestyle like I'm drawn to beautiful things. I'm drawn to like like that corded lace dress if you follow me on Instagram. I made a dress out of corded lace. I think corded lace is gorgeous. It's a baby pink color. It's really beautiful. I use the eyelash selvedge as the trending on the on the sleeve on the neckline on the hand. I mean it's a beautiful dress, but I literally have nowhere to wear it. And that is so sad because it's so beautiful. I have a lot of dresses that are backless. And while that's great for resort wear like whenever I go on vacation to Miami or you know other places. I really don't have a lot of places to wear that stuff in my regular life. I did get away with a couple of them at work by putting on a cardigan or a jacket, but that really only goes so far. And sometimes it's 102 degrees like that's what the heat index is today and you don't want to put on a cardigan. So you probably pick another dress. But you know what I'm saying like maybe I need to chill out on the backlist stuff or adjust to those patterns so that they don't dip so low. Because I just really don't wear them as much as I think I think I everyone that I have I made for a trip. And I should have thought about my regular life too. So the fourth thing that I learned is really just make clothes that fit into your lifestyle. And try and not be lured in by a really beautiful high end high quality fabric or like a really high design pattern if you know it's not going to it's not going to fit into your regular life. And then oh so I guess there's five. Did I say there was four? There's five. The fifth one is I realized I even though I have so many me made me made clothes and I was able to wear something every day. There are definite holes in my me made wardrobe hands down without a doubt. I found myself going to the grocery store in a sundress because I didn't have like basic t-shirts and shorts and like casual things to wear. So I got myself being like really overdressed to be like go run a simple errand like just to wear me made because I didn't have any of the super casual stuff. I mean five out of the seven days I'm wearing like business casual you know like I can get away with sundresses and stuff like that. But on the weekends I have hardly anything to wear. I have two Shytown Chino shorts. So that's one weekend. I don't have any t-shirts or tank tops or any of that stuff that I like. I have no stuff to wear to the gym. I have never made leggings or like athletic tank tops or anything like that. So the holes became obvious like within the second week. I was like okay now that the first weekend's done I've worn all my casual stuff and now I don't have anything casual to wear anymore. So I guess I'll wear this like work dress to go to the car dealership to get my sunroof looked at. You know what I mean? It was like a little bit strange sometimes.  I wish that there was a fall version. I wish that there was a what would it be like November me made. Would that be six months past May? So that I could do this same process for all of my fall and winter clothes. I guarantee that I don't have near enough fall and winter clothes. I also live in the southeast of the United States so I don't really have a winter. But I don't know it would be interesting to see like how it would compare to like a spring summer wardrobe. I can nail that because I love making dresses and tops and things like that. But in the fall winter like I don't have many sweaters. I don't have many pants that I've made jackets things like that. So it would be interesting to see but it was a lot of fun and as you can see like you know I don't do anything without over analyzing it. So I was able to kind of think about it and be critical about my sewing. I know that I sew a lot and I make a lot of stuff and how does that really translate to a wardrobe. I think that's so interesting to see about those of us that make our own clothes. And so yeah from that I was able to find these five things and I'll take those with me as I continue on my journey through the rest of the year until we get to me made next year. And we'll see we'll see how that goes. So if you participated in me made me first of all I want to see what you've been wearing. So if you are posting that on Instagram leave your Instagram handle in the comments or the link so that I can just click it real easily and go look also. Let me know if you learned anything during me made me like maybe this video will prompt you to kind of sit down and critically think about the past month and what you've worn. And how you felt about what you've worn and all of that. And maybe you can kind of come up with some things that you've learned as well. And I'd hope that you would share those with me and everyone else that's watching and reading the comments. So if you feel comfortable doing that please. I'd love to start a discussion about me made and and its wearability and how it fits into our our lives. You know we don't just spontaneously go and pick up something from the store a lot of thought goes into everything that we make. So how are we wearing that and how is it really fitting into our lives. I think that's such an interesting discussion. So feel free to chime in however you want in the comments and I will see you guys soon. Bye.


This research used global navigation satellite system, GNSS, signals to measure soil moisture and vegetation development in a crop field. The results showed that the reflected signal power varied significantly depending on soil moisture and vegetation development. Additionally, a technique was proposed to combine the reflected signals polarization in order to reduce the effect of soil roughness. This article was authored by Alejandro Marco Capparini, Giulio Ruffini, and others.


Hi, I'm David Cantor with the Law Offices of David Michael Cantor today I'm going to talk about how to visit an inmate at the 4th Avenue Jail now the 4th Avenue Jail is located at 201 South 4th Avenue the way you get there is you come on down to Van Buren and then you head to Van Buren to 4th Avenue once you get there go south you're going to go down to Madison Street and at the Southeast corner of Madison and 4th Avenue is the 4th Avenue Jail now park somewhere on the street or find a nearby Parking garage parking is plentiful The entrance to visitation is on the west side of the building. It's not on the Northwest corner that's for posting bonds and it's not not on the north side of the building That's for the initial appearances. It is on the west side of the building. That is where your visitation entrance is Now no visitors under 18 period at the 4th Avenue Jail You have to be 18 years of age or older when you meet with the inmate. It's going to be on video screen That's a problem. There's a video screen and you pick up a phone now when you're talking to the inmate everything's recorded So they will use it against inmate if you talk about the case So just keep their spirits up. Maybe talk about the next court date But don't go into the specifics of the case if you have questions Call the Sheriff's Information Management System or SIMS phone line is<PHONE_NUMBER> or you can call the 4th Avenue Jail directly at<PHONE_NUMBER> if you have questions regarding visitation restrictions or lockdowns now as far as general visitation information goes At the 4th Avenue Jail Visitation is Sunday through Monday or seven days a week from 8 in the morning till 8 at night last sign-up is at 715 Each inmate gets 130 minute visitation per week and they can only have two visitors at a time If you have a baby with you that's under a year old that doesn't count as a visitor If your baby is a year of age or older, it does count as a visitor Make sure you show up with a valid ID no Sam's Club IDs No SWAT meet IDs you have to have a driver's license a DMV ID card a passport some government issued ID You can have no felony convictions if you do they won't let you visit You cannot have done jail time in the Maricopa County system in the last 12 months So if you've done even one day it'll flag and they won't let you in also no illegal aliens in regards to being Under 18 again at the 4th Avenue Jail no visitors under 18 as To dress code dress conservatively call the jail if you have questions You don't want to be rejected because you have a low-cut blouse and really short shorts Just dress conservatively once you get there fill out the white form first include the inmates full name date of birth and booking number Also have your ID go up to the window slide it under the window and they'll call your name when you're ready for the visit now If your loved one is in the 4th Avenue Jail and they haven't been convicted of anything and they haven't pled They're they're fighting in their case. That's a pre-trial phase. Give us a call at<PHONE_NUMBER> or go to our website DM canter comm and fill out a contact form We will set you for free 30 minute consultation in our office free It doesn't cost you anything But it takes about 30 minutes and we'll go over the case from top to bottom to see what we can do to help Your loved one if they've already pled, but they're waiting sentencing same thing call us Perhaps we can get a lower sentence on the sentencing range or if they've already been sentenced Convicted and sentence call us regarding appeals post-conviction relief petitions or sentence modifications Perhaps you can get the sentence reduced or the whole case thrown out if this applies to you Have a good visit then give us a call. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Take care


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Good day. I'm John Harrison, and on behalf of Arlington Community Media, we are going to speak to Dr. Mohamed Solomon of Egypt. He is in Japan six months into a two-year assignment at Ritsu Maikan University in Kyoto under the auspices of the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences. His mission is to learn technology of the university, which he will take back to Alexandria to learn through this technology more of the ancient city of Alexandria and the library of Alexandria, once the repository of all that was known about the world at that time. Welcome, Dr. Solomon. Thank you for joining us. And to begin, please tell us about your career and explain your mission in Japan in greater detail. Okay, but Boel, thank you so much for this very nice introduction. Basically, I'm an archaeologist. I graduated from Alexander University and I'm getting my PhD from Egypt in Islamic Archaeology. And after that, I have been employed to the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt. And now I am in Japan for, as you have mentioned before, for two years as a fellow for GSBS. So, I am here for promoting my research using advanced technology, Japanese technology, in archaeology for achieving sustainable development goals. About my thesis study, it is about Alexandria of Egypt. So, I think this kind of collaboration would be beneficial for both the sides of Egypt and Japan. Okay. And how did you get this opportunity of collaboration? How did that start? When did it begin? Actually, GSBS Fellowship is a very competing fellowships over the world. It's the most difficult one because so many scholars who are getting PhD are seeking to get that post-doctoral fellowship, but so many few of them get succeeded. So, I have applied over three years for four times and this is my successful one to get that by applying and getting in contact with Japanese scholars. And my professional here in Ritz-Maker University. So, they supported me so much to get that, scientifically of course. So, then the objective of the project ultimately is? Ah, the objective of my research or my project is using advanced technology for preservation of archaeological sites, particularly Alexandria, all the Alexandria, and how to get that data for observing urban planning and urban change of course in the same time, and also for planning in future for sustainable development of all the Alexandria within the frame of all the Alexandria. Exactly. And then what kind of technology do you use? Basically, I use here in Ritz-Maker University all applications of GIS remote sensing and also geovysical application. Geovysical application, but this part of geovysical application, I will travel to Egypt sooner maybe after COVID-19 would begin. I will travel there to get implement geovysical application in all the Alexandria. And I just should mention you are walking the streets of Kyoto right now. And as you've told us, it is a holiday in Japan and that's the reason mostly why the streets are empty and not particularly because of the coronavirus. Yeah, that's true. Now I'm walking the streets forward to Badai Dori, forward to Ritz-Maker University, and we'll go through that street with some magnificent archaeological sites or historical sites in Kyoto. And due to COVID-19 and the holiday, you will find the streets today is a little bit or maybe entirely empty. Yeah, that's surprising. What outcome do you expect or hope for ultimately for both Egypt and Japan with this project, with this mission? I think this mission represents a new type of collaboration between Egypt and Japan in field of archaeology. It's not usual for archaeologists to use such as this very complicated and very technology in archaeological research generally. But when we use it for sustainability, this will provide or promote such as this project to be improved in the future for both sides or get another type of collaboration with both states, both countries.  Yeah, this is my third time. So what has been your experience as an Egyptian in Japan, culturally? Actually, during my first visit here, I have been shocked when I see my first time to travel abroad outside Egypt, because my first trip was here in Japan. So I get shocked with an entirely different people, an entirely different country, an entirely different concept as you know probably. So what I find the Japanese people are very disciplined, they're banked with and love their culture and preserve their heritage very well. And on the other hand, due to other features of culture here, if someone wants to visit or live in Japan, he has to get maybe a few or a little bit of an overview of Japanese language. Basically, because it's not common for a Japanese to speak in other languages. For common or the great pleasure of Japanese don't speak other languages. This is my first impression about Japan. And the second thing, you have to be so sensitive and so disciplined and respect their laws and regulations. If you get succeed in that, you will be insider and there is very important for Japanese community. That is the point. But the funny thing is about their life, mainly for Egyptian to get used to Japanese food. Because basically Japanese kitchen is depending on seafood. So all the time you have to eat fish and other stuff of seafood. On the other hand, of course, there is other types of food but not so familiar for Egyptian. So that is the problem. Well, Kiyoto is a cosmopolitan city for the most part, isn't it? Actually, my impression about Kiyoto is not cosmopolitan as much as it is a historical capital of Japan. So you will find all types of heritage, such as tangible and interchangeable heritage equally. So you will find heritage even in the soul of people. So I don't see cosmopolitan but it is a very preserved city. Okay. Now you are in Japan right now during an unprecedented virus. How has this affected your work and your daily activities? Actually, all activities such as workshop, conferences inside and outside Japan have been delayed or even cancelled due to COVID-19. So I cannot go anywhere outside Kiyoto due to the set of emergencies that have been declared by Japanese government. So it is affected negatively on my mission here but there is another part I am working on. You don't need to move out of Kiyoto such as applying GIS or remote sensing applications. So you are able to do your daily activities in the university pretty much unimpeded by this pretty much? No. Actually, my university here is closed due to the set of emergencies, wanting to do that. And probably we will return after 6th May. Maybe. We are not sure until now. Yeah. It is like all over the world. What do you expect after finishing your tenure as a JSPS fellow? Hopefully to resume my research here in Japan, but I have to get back to Egypt. But in that case, if I will return back to Egypt, I will work to enlarge and support my scientific network with Japanese schoolers, which I have already so much of them for getting more collaboration in many aspects. And do you expect to return to Japan? Will there be, will you need to do more work? Even though you are going to be there another year and a half, but going forward, looking forward, do you expect to have to come back to Japan to continue this project or after the two full years you feel the project will be finished? No. Hopefully I am planning to return to Japan after the two years because one of the benefits of the JSPS fellowship is serving a kind of sustainable collaboration with Japanese schoolers and diversities. So it is very important for me to continue that within JSPS and other Japanese support. So you expect the current and future cooperation between Egypt and Japan. Are Japanese scholars coming to Alexandria or coming to Egypt to work with you in Egypt at some point or have they already or what is that like? Yeah, actually I've already got a Japanese network of schoolers, they are friends now not only just colleagues. We have started working in Egypt three years ago or more than four years ago, but in very small projects, while the projects may be. But for the case of Alexandria, the case study of this little bit huge project, my professor, Kejianu, the supervisor of my project here, will visit Egypt with me. By the way, it will be his first time to visit Egypt, so it's very nice for both of us to know that. And also other Japanese colleagues here is collaborating with me in that field, so I invited them to visit Egypt during the field trip maybe after COVID-19. Yeah. And then when they come to Japan, will it be, I mean, when they come from Japan to Egypt, will they be primarily in Alexandria or will you go to several cities and sites in Egypt once they visit? My home city, by the way, so also, but I have to visit Cairo as well, because one of my objectives is collecting data from former Egyptian Association such as statistics authority and nurses, Nariage, and other maybe Irma Harmony, of course, other facial associations to improve and support the outcome of my projects. So this project though, it seems like this is going to be something that's going on for years. There's a lot to this project, it's a big project with many moving parts, so you are going to be involved in this, it seems, for quite a long time. Yeah, exactly, yeah. But the major objective of that project is not for saying for people that's our heritage. Yeah, yeah, it's nice to say to people we have a heritage. Already all of us know our heritage, but this is not the point. The point is how getting benefit from this heritage for our recent life and for the future for other generation. How to preserve this heritage and also how getting improve and or serve sustainability or achieving sustainable development goals within frame of preservation is very important. And mostly in Irma fabric, most of them are suffering of that kind of conflict between authenticity and the modernization. I think my mission is how to find that sort of collaboration between both of them, how to find and convince people with coexistence between authenticity and modernization. I think this is the philosophy of this project. And do you feel that that is happening? Are you confident of that as this program continues? I think so, I think so, because all of that all of outcomes and the result of that project, we will convert it into a implemented project for a small area in all of Alexandria in collaboration with Alexander Governor. Hopefully we are going to do. Now, are you or are any of your colleagues working at other universities to the same end, or is it just the university in Kyoto that's involved in this project? No, no, I'm the only one. So that's the only the only country, Japan. Do you think there will be others in the future to enlarge on this project or is it as far as you can see only this association with the JSPS and your country? Actually, JSPS, if you are talking about that kind of fellowship is open for all fields or all majors, but for archaeology, I think I'm the only one who getting this fellowship as archaeologists, because it is very competing. As you know, probably Japan is interested in basic sciences more than humanitarians. But in this type, I think it is a price for archaeology not only for me to getting this very competing fellowship. Hopefully, I hope for all archaeologists, Egyptian archaeologists is getting this fellowship to resume and improve that kind of process. Have there been any big surprises, unexpected things as part of your research and as part of this mission that really surprised you that you never would have expected or have things gone along pretty much as you expected? Actually, day by day, I find more surprises. That is the fact. Basically, my university here, actually, I like this university so much and my professors, they are very supportive. And this overall needs or requirements for improving and promoting projects such as devices and getting as a collaboration with Japanese schoolers over Japan, not only in Kyoto such as Skoba University. Skoba University, I have a good collaboration with them or Tokyo University and also Tokyo University for foreign studies, language studies. So I think I have a good chance and I'm lucky to get this fellowship, especially here. That's very, very, very interesting indeed. Do you have anything else you would like to add before we part? First of all, I hope COVID-19 will be finished as soon as possible. As do we all, yes. Yeah, to continue our ordinal life. The second thing that I want to tell everybody, don't lose your hope because I was struggling fighting for over more than three years to getting GSBF fellowship. That means I have failed three times before getting this successful one. And for younger researchers, I won't say to them and also my colleagues, you have to get a concept of how to be always new. I think that's very important for any schooler. Yes, you're right. And you seem to embody the truth that perseverance wins in the end. And that reinforces might not, in a few months or something, see what has happened in the meantime. And by that time, coronavirus should be a thing of distant memory, hopefully. But meanwhile, continue your research and thank you for taking the time to speak to us about what you're doing. This has been very, very interesting indeed. Thank you so much, John. And thank you for a very interesting interview and for talking with you as well. And hope everybody, including you, of course, be safe away of any diseases, mainly COVID-19. Yeah, thank you so much indeed. You're welcome. This has been great. Thank you very much. Thank you, Dr. Solomon. Thank you so much. See you.


Very good morning to you. Hope you're doing well Friday 19th of March and before I begin the briefing Just a reminder for the latest market watch podcast with myself and head of trading peers current I'm going to record that in a few hours time. We'll publish it later today So we've got to do is either go to amplify live comm slash podcast and Or you can just go to the individual podcast platforms on Spotify on Apple Just search for market watch and you'll be able to find it So in formal chat that peers and I have at the end of every week and this week probably going to talk about the Fed a Little bit and we'll talk about this whole kind of vaccine situation on going between the UK and Europe So if you want to get our latest insights on that the podcast is a best place to go and don't forget to subscribe And leave a review that would be amazing otherwise, let's get straight into the briefing and talk about what's going on today and Really yesterday was an interesting one We did say on Wednesday after the initial reaction to the FMC We obviously saw a kind of dovish response in the sense that equities move higher dollar weakened Considerably which helps support the major pairs But if you look at where the major pairs are trading now top left corner Euridollar is completely kind of scratched from where we are or where we were prior to the Fed Announcement coming out. So basically flat xing out that that pop that we saw same kind of case with cable to that extent equities obviously reversed course After moving up to record-high territory the key here I think to understand these moves is as we were kind of alluding to was The reaction effect that we had on Wednesday Our view was down to kind of misplaced market expectations about looking for something more hawkish Particularly around that dot-plot moving forward to a rate hike sooner rather than later, which didn't materialize of course It's worse than other things, but that was the main kind of take home. The ultimate point here though is that in those Summary of economic projections growth in America is going as per their projections to move up to around the mid 6% region by the end of the year is what they're looking at as their base case scenario and so growth is going to Substantially improve in the US as we go through the reopening with the stimulus in the system more infrastructure spending to come Covid cases thankfully improving in the states vaccinations picking up rapidly and the reopening of the economy and so with that then You know yields will rise as the economy grows and so I think yesterday was a really good Reflection of that and in the US 10 year we broke below what was a key kind of trading band I guess that we were trading for a quite a period of time which was If I just mark it up here was this this area going back to the beginning of March Which was 131 23 to around the 132 low kind of figure And we broke out through that really more forcefully in the session Two days ago we bounced back through there though on the release of the Fed But then yesterday we broke the lower bound of that and we actually saw the US 10 year yield move above 1.75% for a fleeting period of time, which was a 14 month high before kind of retreating back to around 1.72 percent What does this mean then generally speaking well Equities not liking it and obviously the high yield environment tends to hit growth stocks the hardest And so tech underperforming the NASDAQ was down in excess of 3% Comparative to the Dow down just a half percent So the regular kind of reflection of that high yield environment in the equity sector kind of space In the equity market, I know it feels Feels quite heavy, but you know, I think context is quite key. We we are at record high territories We've come off and we've responded here in the S&P around 3900 which is a key kind of strategic point of support in the near-term price action for the month of March You can see here going back to The beginning of the 1st of March the initial tests and breakthrough that come back to bounce off that as a support error at the 12th and then again in the recent last 24 hours as well So key area to watch there and going forward the other market that obviously moves substantially yesterday was oil I saw quite aggressive breakdown in price in fact at one point for the session We were down almost 10% which obviously is a correction in those percentage terms The rationale behind that there was some kind of tenuous links drawn between the fact that mainland Europe continues to confront a fairly challenging COVID situation case rates going up in Italy and France the latter being the latest to impose more stringent lockdowns in the capital city and other regions like what we've seen in Italy and Subsequently that is going to have a degree of demand impact But overall I think he had a bit of a technical breakdown in price that Drawn in some of the kind of more momentum based Speculators just driving that fast money move and the market just trading quite heavy from that point not as well forgetting that yesterday was a research at dollar a day Reversing the entirety of the move that we had on the weakness and the knee-jerk reaction on the back of the Fed on Wednesday So overall there was a couple of factors there. I think that explained that move in particular if you look at the daily chart I always think you know perspective on a higher time frame is quite key and you know We look how far we've rallied since November. I mean, this is an incredible move So let's quickly look at this on percentage terms going from the low that we printed on 2nd November You know, we have rallied 102% I might add in terms of the price to the high that we've seen just a short while ago So to come off and now trade down 11% after a hundred plus percent rally I don't think is is too much cause for concern at this point I have marked up here on the daily chart a couple of key areas that I would be keeping an eye on We've threatened but failed to close below the low area of the 3rd of March I think that technically was quite important for price here So quite a key support area to account for now for price at 5924 Even if we did break that then I'd look back down to the high We have in the fifth and then that kind of double bottom on the ninth and 12th of Feb as the next support area down to 5732 And even then don't forget we're talking about a correction move down of what 15% off that 100 plus percent move that we've seen over the course of the last three months or so. So again, I still Although it was heavy yesterday. I kind of agree. I heard a comment from Goldman Sachs From earlier this morning. They said that they expect OPEC plus output to increase by 2.8 million brows per day in August And see Brent rising to 80 bucks in the summer While it views yesterday's selloff as a transient pullback in a larger oil price rally and a buying opportunity And You know, I'm not putting all my all my eggs in the Goldman basket But I do believe in a similar kind of view in the sense that lower prices will get bought into I think it's how the market will see this strategically all right, well Lower clothes then on Wall Street a little bit of a bounce off the lows here inequities As some of these fines some strategic kind of support lower levels So as I said in the S&P quite a key level there's another level of here as well in the Nasdaq that looks equally Like a good area that the market has responded to from some of the price activity of previous resistance and support And we're just popping out above the Asia pack range here actually as we're delivering this So moving back up around 50 points now in the the nasdaq future ahead of the open But overnight in Asia it was a little bit of a case of just picking up the negative handover from What we saw in the close on the us also a couple of things to be aware of that were happening in the Asia pack session And namely Chinese equities a little bit softer We've had our first kind of first high level talks between us and China since the Biden administration have come in and It descended into bickering is what Bloomberg is suggesting And each side criticizing each other over human rights trade and international alliances So we weren't looking for much of the way of any kind of tangible outcome Of substance from these talks. It's the first meeting. So it's very much just kind of feeling each other out some people were looking at the fact that A slightly more friendly atmosphere might be received as a site positive for markets even without any definitive kind of results on these talks, but seemingly so far both are trying to Just hold their stance at these first kind of meetings and that has Being received a little bit negative in the overnight session, but so far it's not really impeding The kind of slight recovery we're seeing here at the european open So I don't think you could have expected too much more than what's happened perhaps somewhere in with A little bit of a higher expectation of hopes that the slightly friendlier mood and that hasn't materialized as yet But obviously they're going to have more talks coming up in the coming weeks The other thing then from the overnight session with the boj They had their kind of review after a lengthy policy Look at the tools that they're they're currently using And what they came out with was they set out a wider than previously thought movement range Rebond yields and they scrapped a buying target for stock funds at the end of their three month policy review So basically they scrapped the six trillion yen etf buying target And they've kept the higher bound threshold of 12 trillion One of the other key things here that did weigh on the nick a 225 last night Was the fact that the bank's decision to only focus on the topics. So that's like the broader tokyo based indexed rather than the kind of more Kind of familiar nick a and so broadening out that purchasing just the topics Moves away the purchasing of the nick a and that consequently had a bit of a negative impact there as well Um, so all in all as we were kind of suggesting at the very beginning of the week when we're looking at the whole Kind of events to be aware of for the week ahead And the boj definitely a bit of a domestic impact there the yen Not really too much of a great deal of movement again still with the the green bank kind of dictating proceedings for much of the g10 kind of currencies at the moment So I wouldn't really look at the boj as something that's going to really impact the uk european us assets that we're trading this morning Um talking of vaccines just a brief update There's been a lot of drama of course about rising political tension between europe and the uk in regard to vaccines particularly on the the astra drug but Following the ema Kind of announcement yesterday germany france spain italy have all going to reverse course and they've said that Now that that ema investigation is concluded and the vaccine was not associated with the potential risk of blood clots Adding that the benefits in the shot out weigh any possible risks They're all going to recommence that the usage of that vaccine Meanwhile elsewhere in france, I did briefly mention That macron's government has put paris in several other regions under stricter lockdown conditions for a third time hospitals running out of intensive care beds for covet 19 patients at the moment And suddenly worryingly that their covet case rates continue to climb at the moment In fact, I don't think that this this latest move is particularly surprising And I don't think you should really think of it as a real net negative for something like euro for example And the reason for that is is that it's not really a surprise if you've been tracking the daily infection rates of new covet cases in france, they have risen to 30 000 nationally in recent days And that is up more than 20 percent in a week So on the point of the the actuality of covet case, it's worsening It's almost inevitable that the government's got to take some kind of action to Try and control in the particular hotspots And then also it's been fairly well telegraphed in the press that this was going to happen So all in all, what does that mean for france specifically? Well, the new restrictions according to analysts are expected or according to the finance Ministry in fact in france are expected to knock off around 0.2 percentage points from french gdp This annual economic output the monthly cost of compensating furloughed workers and closed businesses is also going to rise Up to around 7.2 billion Which is just over a billion more than what they previously were expecting in the government forecast And so that's the latest there And then the final thing I wanted to mention was The calendar today it is pretty quiet. There's not really anything major coming out You've got retail sales, but everything else is kind of a bit of a side point quite frankly And so with a quiet calendar the other thing to be mindful of is this Which is quadruple witching so specifically relevant for equity traders What is quadruple witching or just to refresh you And your memory if you are relatively new to markets Then it refers to the dates of which derivatives of stock index futures Stock index options stock options single stock futures all expire Simultaneously And so the main point here is that while it may result in increased volume and arbitrage opportunities Quadruple witching doesn't not necessarily translate into increased volatility for markets But you can witness heavy trading volumes. So essentially just going back to the timings here They are slightly different. There tends to be like a Uniform pattern the footsie followed by the euro stocks the DAX us Indicates at the market open And then they can't run later on in the afternoon So it's just about around the times of explorations to be aware of those if you are training those particular products But that is it. So from a technical point of view, I'll let the guys come on I'll now provide live stream Shortly and they can run through the charts as they see it Don't forget to check out the the podcast as well a brand new episode coming out in just an hour or so this time All right guys, have a good session ahead and have a fantastic weekend. Take care


So it's Wednesday, it's 10.22. Oil, a little bit of volatility so far this morning. We're trading the February contract at $60.40. We'll pull up the contracts for crude. And let's quickly take a look at, we have 60.50 with an option. And let's jump back. I'm gonna jump back and see what we're expecting here. All right. We'll go into our CLCO for global commodities. Oh, I think that's right. Will they change it again? One second. No, it's there. Yeah. Bloomberg's taking a sweet time this morning. There we go. All right. Crude oil, year to date, up 33%, not a bad trade. We'll get into the whisper. We'll find our crude number. And the market is expecting a decline between about 1.7 and 1.4 million barrels. All right. I think we have plenty of crude. That's gonna be my fundamental take no matter where we go. So with that in mind, we're only gonna go for a decline of 700. That makes sense? No. Yeah, no, that makes sense. That makes sense. Right, that makes sense. All right, so it's gonna be a little bit more oil than the market might expect it. That's right, that's right. We're gonna get up on our rank. We're number seven, now we're number 36. That's right, I wanna put it in because they make you put these. So the whisper number is, the Bloomberg Turnable Whisper survey number, media and analyst estimate, jumping back to the charts of where we are right now. So you have the contract trading at $60.38. See what kind of volatility. I'm just gonna jump right to the noons and see how they factor out. Ah, that doesn't have, that has 60.25. You're 15 pennies away. Let's jump to the 230. See if we can get a 60.50. Here we go. So $60.50, we got $3 to the upside and we have exposure till 230. All right, let's see what kind of volatility they're gonna make us premium. They're gonna make us pay for for this trade. Getting it on the bullish side, you're gonna be able to buy it at 60.70. Now the contract's trading at 60.37. It's just trading at 60.40. So you're buying it almost 30 pennies above the market. But you're only risking $20, not bad. Your profits are, your risks cut at 60.50. You have profit potential up to 63.50. And pretty similar trade on the bear side, $3 potential. Now in this one, you're gonna have about 10 to 12 pennies of intrinsic value in there. You would be selling this contract and that one's gonna run you. Pretty comparatively, the only difference in these two contracts is the intrinsic value that you have on the bearish side because it's under that 60.50 point. Look at $52, which is about 52 pennies. Not that bad for a market that's jumping around with keeping in mind you have $3 of potential and you have exposure until 230. Right. And it seems not that $60 is the magic number, but bottom line is that a hard time cutting through the $60. So yeah, it's been hanging out there for a little while. Right, right. It has. Yeah, you can get a make or break. Oh, this is cool. Mr. Bill told us, okay, API reported a bill to 4.7 million. Maybe I should go revise that, I guess, to a bill versus. Thanks, though. Yeah. That's crazy. That is crazy. So the numbers are locked in. This is skewed, man. We're at a decline of 700,000. The market looking for a decline of 1.7 to 1.4. But it's always interesting when the API is so far away from what the analysts estimates are looking for in that number. Seven SAPs are up. One and crude. What do we got here? Crude fell 1.09 million barrels. So under the analyst estimate, above where we kind of put it, but still a decline in the inventories and gas, as before we jump around, pretty much pegged it as well, an increase of about 2.5 million barrels, jumping back to the charts, seeing how that market is reacting right away, a little bit of a pop, man. Pretty interesting. Right up to $60.70. Quick 20. We have more oil. No, it's the other way, isn't it? Right, it's less of a decline. Yep. So there's more of a supply than the market may have thought. Right. And usually that wouldn't be lower prices because the market's flooded with supply. People might pay a cheaper price if there's more supply. So maybe the market was kind of hinting towards, like Mr. Bill was saying in that 10, with the API coming in at 4.7 million barrels, market's saying, oh, we still got a decline, man. And boy, we might see $61 crude in a matter of seconds right now. Yeah, 60, like 60.87. 60.87, that's right. And the contracts we were looking for had a pivot point of about $60.50. So just kind of line up, this would have been your bullish spread, right? They were going to cost us about $52. Now, what's always interesting here is here's the bullish spread. You could always, if you wanted to, close out that trade, take your $40 right off the table. You're still in it for about $9 if you really felt that was going to pull back. Yeah. This contract stays active. Now, what's really cool here, just keeping, even with the bid offer spread, which is why this is a cool trade, you could close this out right now almost and get your money back if you didn't like what happened.  You could look at both sides, 45, bare sides, $5, $50. You're paying some commission, so yeah, you lose a couple bucks. But just cool to keep in mind there, maybe you're playing that just for a huge miss. Maybe you're playing it saying, you know what, man, I think API, I think it's going to come in with a build of like four million barrels. And you'd go, ah, it didn't quite come in where I thought it would. Right. But boom, as we speak, $61 in the price of February, crude, man. And I think the day, let's just Saudi's are popping some champagne at the Aramco offices this morning. No doubt, you know, and they got that to two trillion too, yesterday. It might be higher with $61 crude this morning. Exactly. And now this is going to be a delayed quote, folks. So I just want to see what the high was of the day. 61, 48, oh, we're, oh, 61, 48 was the high of the Saudi blow up. Okay. And to be fair, that is the market open, I believe overnight that spiked to $62, $63 even before that opened on that day. Okay. Yeah. It's a very short-lived high though, very short-lived. The Saudi fields got attacked, market spiked, and then everybody said, hey, man, we got plenty of oil no matter what. No doubt. And the XLE is not following it. You know, you're up a few pennies, but the XLE in general just is still a laggard out here. Just checking back real quick because it's going to move in. Strong. So everyone, box on the dot. We'll see where we will check back in throughout the hour.


Hello and welcome to the session in which we will keep working with the core functions of the US cybersecurity framework that was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and specifically of the five core functions today we're going to be finishing with the recover function which is the last function. In the prior session we looked at the identified function which is identifying your asset, protecting your asset to protect function, detecting any intrusion, how to respond and in this session we would look at the recovery function. Once again we have five core function 23 categories we're covering today the last three categories 108 subcategories and many references so this is what we did already identified is done, protect is done, detect is done and respond is done. Today we're going to be focusing on the recover and from the name recover the purpose of this function is to do what is to restore your capabilities after you are after you experience a cybersecurity incidence now you need to recover well you need to recover your capabilities and services of course and you need to minimize the impact on the business operation to reduce the risk of future incident and you have to go back and rebuild your brand so after you after you experience a cybersecurity you're not only going to have losses in terms of monetary losses what's also important is how do you handle this incident, how do you handle it from a public relation perspective, from communication perspective because that's going to affect your brand. Before we proceed any further I have a public announcement about my company farhatlectures.com. Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses my CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles my accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics my resources consist of lectures multiple choice questions true false questions as well as exercises go ahead start your free trial today no obligation no credit card required so under the recover function under the recover function we're going to have three categories recovery planning improvement and communication and we saw improvement and communication in prior session but this is basically an overall improvements and communication the first category is the recovery planning category this focuses on developing and implementing plans to recover from cybersecurity incident so you have to have in writing down in writing well documented up-to-date recovery plan and what needs to be done so this category emphasizes the importance the importance of having well documented and up-to-date recovery plan in place to help the organization recover from the cyber security incident effectively and efficiently because what's going to happen is certain services might be out of service how are you going to recover those how are you going to minimize the impact across all the system how are you going to manage your public relation your brand so do you have a plan on how to recover this what if someone called from the media do you have a person a specialized person who can respond or how are you gonna handle social media comments on twitter on linkedin on facebook so on and so forth do you have a plan for that two is improvement well from the name improvement you're gonna incorporate you're gonna add lessons learned from past incidents and this incidents to do what if if something doesn't kill you it makes you stronger to identify opportunities to strengthen the organization recovery capabilities well what does that mean well you have to update your recovery plan based on lessons learned because the the key of improvement is learn from the past to improve the future so organization should analyze previous incidents learn from them and update the recovery plan accordingly to improve the responses and future incidents so what did you do okay we had a cyber security incident how are you gonna take advantage of it how do I take advantage of it i'm gonna learn make my system stronger learn from past event learn from my mistakes learn from my vulnerabilities and update my recovery plan also the subcategory called recovery strategies are improved the subcategory focuses on enhancing recovery strategies by evaluating the effectiveness of existing approaches and identifying areas of improvement again what strategy am i utilizing what can i do what did i learn from this lesson to improve my strategy last but not least is the communication category simply put communication focuses on coordinating with internal and external stakeholders especially external stakeholders during and after the incident the cyber security incident to do what to provide timely and correct information now do you have a person do you know who's responsible for this job well you might have a public relation department okay organization should have a plan for managing public relation after a cyber security incident what should they do provide accurate and timely information to customers partners stakeholders do you have this department if not do you know a per do you identify a person rather than trying to find a person in the midst of the cyber security attack reputation that's important how do you manage your reputation after an incident because that's going to be the worst thing that's going to happen to the company is the impact on their brand so this subcategory emphasizes the importance of managing the reputation by addressing concerns because people are people they're going to be they're going to fear doing business with you if someone can steal the their information how are you going to rebuild trust and demonstrate commitment to prevent future incidents so what are you going to tell them okay this is this happened take responsibility but we learned from it and in the future this should not happen again what how are you handling this also recovery activities are communicated what are you doing to put your website back online your server back online clear communication of recovery activities ensure that all parties involved are aware your suppliers are aware that your system is working again being are aware of the steps being taken to restore nor normal operation and maintain transparency so this is basically what we did we went over the five core functions the next thing I'm going to have to go over is the four tiers and the profile so it's very important to understand the big picture of the cyber security framework we covered the a major part of it the five core functions next we're going to discuss what is profile and what is what are the four tires and this way we'll have an idea about an overall idea about us cyber security framework that's developed by the national institute of standards and technology abbreviated as nest what should you do now go to far half lectures look at additional mcqs because this is how they're going to be testing you about this topic so you can hide you can answer the questions and do good pass your exam your certification do well in your course good luck study hard and of course stay safe