President of the United States, and Mrs. Reagan and William Clark. Mr. Reagan, Mr. President, Mrs. Reagan, distinguished guests. On behalf of the American members of the American Club, we bid you and Mrs. Reagan a warm welcome to Beijing. Our members have looked forward to this event with great anticipation for some time. Our club represents the small but growing community of Americans living and working in Beijing, far from our homes in the United States. Your visit with Mrs. Reagan not only greatly honors us, but warms our heart and brings to us a surge of pride as we see the stars and stripes flying in Tiananmen Square. Also, your presence in Beijing today is dramatic evidence of our greatly expanded relationship with China. This is a development to which club members attach great significance. Mr. President, this evening, it is our desire. It is the desire of the American Club of Beijing to make you an honorary president of our organization and Mrs. Reagan to make you a lifetime member. Instead of presenting you with a certificate as is the usual case, we are investing you with the real authority of the office, the official club seal, or CHOP, as they referred to it here in China. With this, you can issue orders. You can even have access to our treasury. Congratulations. Well, thank you very much, very much. And they thought I couldn't erase the deficit. Thank you all of you for a very warm welcome. Nancy and I are delighted to be with you this evening. We've come to Beijing to strengthen America's ties, as you know with China, something that each one of you has been doing very well already. Now, about this honorary presidency, I greeted with mixed emotions, because once about 25 years after I'd gotten out of my alma mater, they had me back at commencement and gave me an honorary degree. And on that occasion, a sense of guilt that I'd been nursing for 25 years rose up and almost choked me, because I'd figured the first one they gave me was honorary. Now, if it's this easy, where will you all be along about next November? Well, I'm sure that sometimes life as an American in Beijing can present challenges, but whatever difficulties you may face here, each of you is making history. For more than two decades, as you know, the United States and China had no relations whatsoever. And then in 1972, President Nixon's trip to China and the Shanghai communique broke that long silence. Our relationship since that time has been a force for peace in the world, and we'll continue to serve that end. But at the same time, China and the United States recognize that we have many other areas of mutual interest, particularly since 1978 when Chinese leaders decided to foster the growth of the Chinese economy and open more to the West. Since then, we've expanded our cultural exchanges. Last year, 150,000 Americans, as you probably know better than I do, visited China. And today, more than 10,000 Chinese students are studying in the United States. And I had the pleasure of meeting with a small group of those just before coming here, and they were fine young people. Just as significant, we've begun to form new economic bonds. Today, more than 100 American firms have offices in Beijing, and the Bank of China has an office in Manhattan. Just a few years ago, both would have been unthinkable. Our visit here is intended to demonstrate the maturing of US-China relations through four American administrations, and I think it's doing just that. Thursday, I met President Lee. Friday, I had meetings with Premier Zhao and General Secretary Hu. And earlier today, I had extensive discussions with Chairman Dunn. While respecting the differences between us, the Chinese leaders and I have agreed to focus on all that unites us, our determination to resist foreign threats, the fundamental desire of our people to earn their livings and raise their families in prosperity and peace. The Chinese have made it clear that they want to multiply the economic ties between us. We in turn have sought ways to promote the equitable export of high technology to China and work to promote more Chinese-American joint ventures. When I return to the Great Hall on Monday morning, we'll have important new agreements to sign. And when I leave this country on Tuesday, the US-China partnership will be stronger than ever. Each of you is playing a vital role in this new and historic relationship. The diplomats among you are seeking new areas of agreement between our two countries and implementing the many agreements that we've already made. And those of you in business are making possible the export of raw materials and manufacturers from China to America and the shipment to China of many American goods, including products of our technology. Many business people are involved in joint ventures like this dazzling new hotel. The expansion of these commercial ties is due in no small part to the efforts of the National Council for US-China Trade. Those of you who are teachers or students are helping the Chinese to understand not just the strength and prosperity of the United States, but the open and peace-loving character of the American people. Day by day, each of you is helping to build a firm friendship between the most prosperous nation and the most populous nation on Earth. On behalf of all Americans, believe me, I thank you. Now, I know that many of you have been home in some time, so I thought you'd like to hear that it's beautiful springtime in America. The magnolias are out in Washington. The zaiyas are in full bloom in California. Of course, you know that that doesn't mean all that it sounds like, because those of us who are Californians know the truth of a statement made by the great comic Joe Frisco once. Joe said that California is the only place in the world, he said, where you can fall asleep under a rose bush in full bloom and freeze to death. Well, earlier this month, I threw out the first ball at the opening game, the Orioles in Baltimore. Then the Orioles lost the game. Since then, I haven't had any offers to turn pro. The economy is still expanding briskly with leading indicators showing the expansion is here to stay. And polls tell us the national mood is the brightest that has been in five years. Americans this springtime are proud of themselves, their jobs, and their country, and they're facing the future with confidence and courage. So as you go about your work here in this great city, you can rest assured that folks back in the states are doing just fine. And you can take pride in the knowledge that although you're far from home, you're advancing the causes of world peace and international prosperity that are so close to your country's heart. Before I leave, I just have to tell you a little incident. You all know, of course, about the Grenada Rescue Mission. And incidentally, to those who've been trying to call it something ulterior, like an invasion or something else, we had the great thrill. Nancy and I have having several hundred of those medical students from Grenada who were rescued by our armed forces at the South Lawn of the White House and some of the first returnees among the troops of all four branches who were part of that rescue mission there. And it would have put a lump in your throat to see these young people and many of them frankly telling you that they were from an era where they didn't look with kindliness on the uniform. They didn't take to it. But they couldn't keep their hands off those youngsters their own age. They were on the South Lawn. And they would come hug them, come back and tell us they saved our lives and all. Well, some days later, I got a message from the Armed Forces Journal in the Pentagon. They'd received a letter from a young marine pilot of a Cobra helicopter who had been at Grenada and then went on to Beirut. And after he got there, he wrote back to the Armed Forces Journal. And he said that every story that he read in the press about that incident, in every story they said Grenada produces more nutmeg than any other spot on Earth. And he decided it appeared so often it was a code. And he was going to break the code. So he wrote back to say he had broken a code. He said Grenada does produce more nutmeg than any other spot on Earth. The Soviets and the Cubans are trying to take Grenada. He said, you can't have a good eggnog without nutmeg. And he said, and you can't have Christmas without eggnog. So the Soviets and the Cubans were out to steal Christmas. And his sixth and final point was, he said, we stopped him. I know that we have to move on here, but this has been most wonderful. And I thank you very much for the honor that you've done me and for giving me the seal. And now just as soon as I find out in the Treasury, I'll settle some other problems that have been bothering us. Thank you all very much. God bless you.


Hey, so I was actually supposed to film a completely different video today, but I'm already getting a little bit behind in my year of doing nothing, which isn't going so well, because I actually just asked my boss if we could extend my internship. I don't know why I did that, because I told myself I wasn't gonna do anything this year. I should just let it end, but I digress. If you click this video, you probably want to talk about the Bairini novel, which I'm really excited. Like, I thought, you know, it's been on my to-do list to start posting book reviews, and why not? So Bairini is a novel by Colleen Hoover. If you don't know, do you read books? Because she is like honestly one of the biggest like romance writers out there right now. And I've read her book. It starts with us and it ends with us, like the little pair, and I absolutely hated it. Like it was literally the worst thing I've ever read. It's not that it's terrible. It's just like not good. And by not good, I mean bad. It was a really bad book. If you like romance novels like me, the plot is just very like, it's giving predictable. It's giving, I see this coming. It's giving domestic violence, which I don't like for things to give. But thankfully in the end, she kind of gets out of the situation. But anyways, long story short, I did not like those novels. So when my friend recommended Bairini to me, I was like, I think I'll pass. You know, like I'm not really about that life.  I was like, I honestly not a fan.  And he was not lying. Like this book is a thriller from start to finish. Like in the end we'll have you gagged. Like I was like, oh, oh. And spoiler alert, like if you want to read the book, just go ahead and close the video now. But I really think she did it in the end. Like I really think she did it.  Girl, I don't believe that. That was not no writing exercise.  Just own it, just be a villain. And this novel like also really makes me think about like perception and truth and like lies because it's like, what is the truth? Like you're getting so many different sides of like different versions of the same story. And it's just like, who do I believe? What do I really believe? And in the end, I feel like the main character chooses to believe what makes her life easiest. And in the end, aren't we all just doing that? I'm a huge like firm, huge believer and like you make your own reality. And this book really just kind of plays on that. And should we talk about the plot? I don't know. I honestly don't really read or I read a lot of books. I don't really watch a lot of booktube but I just thought I would join because I actually read a lot of books. And it was ironic because I wanted to get back into reading. I am a master's student at Columbia University. And so for the first year of my program, I honestly stopped reading as much because I just was reading so many like research papers and research articles and then writing so much that I just didn't have a lot of time to read for fun. So when I read, it starts with us and ends with us. It was a challenge to myself to start reading for pleasure again. And it was really funny because I read that in the beginning of 2022. Those are the first two books I read. And this was the last book I read or 2023. And then this was the last book I read in 2023. So I really, really liked it. Like it is a thriller. It is very white. But when I tell you like, I was staying up late reading this novel. Like I had to check my watch. I was like, oh, it's 2 a.m. Like let me close this book and go to sleep. But like I literally couldn't keep, like I couldn't stop reading. Like it was really, really good. So I don't know like what criteria I have for books. Maybe that's something we can kind of develop together. Like if you look out for something in particular in your books, I truly look for like people that look like me from being honest. And so this book, I don't really think there's any black people in it. So it kind of gives an F in my book for that. But honestly, my friend was right. Like Fonzie was right.  So I do think it's worth the read. It is like, it's really good. It is really, really good.  No matter which way I look at it, it's clear that Verity was a master at manipulating the truth. The only question that remains is, which truth was she manipulating? It'll just, it's really good. I feel like half this video is just me being like, it's so good guys. It's really good. I'm not sure how long this video is gonna be because I don't really have like much else to say.  She falls sick and her husband and publishing company are looking for someone to take over writing the rest of her series that she has on contract with her publishing agency.  Like, can't you write remote? Can't you write anywhere? But the moral, like the reason behind doing that was because Verity had so many notes and stuff in her office that would just be easier for her to be there, to be able to go through everything that Verity had left unwritten. So basically all of her notes of her manuscripts and stuff like that, she ends up finding this like secret manuscript and things kind of get a little bit crazy. Let me read you the first sentence because even that is kind of wild. Like, she took it from like page one, you are in it. Like, let me see. I hear the crack of his skull before the spattering of blood reaches me. That's page one, sentence one. I hear the crack of his skull before the spattering of blood reaches me. You just need to, you need to read this. Honestly, it's so good. And I, well honestly, you haven't watched a lot of my book review videos because I haven't been doing them. So this is actually the first one, but trust me, like I can read a book and be super critical of it and like not really like it. But this right here is a masterpiece. So let's just leave it at that. If you're thinking about getting this book, get it. If you want diversity, representation, inclusion, it's not that book. It's just not, it's not. It's not getting a 10 for that. But for the plot, for the storyline, the page turniness, the thrill of it all, like, uh, 10 out of 10. This book is really good. Like really well written, like I honestly had no notes, no feedback. Usually when I'm reading books, like certain things annoy me and I'll like earmark the page and like, uh, that was annoying. Or I like love it, so I bookmark it anyway. I didn't even do that because I couldn't stop. Like I literally was just so engulfed and just I kept turning the page, turning the page, turning the page. Yeah, so if you are looking for like a vacation book or just like a thriller to read before bed, I highly recommend this one. I'm gonna stop rambling now because I don't want this video to be like a million years long. Plus I still need to edit a vlog for Friday. And like I said, I thought I was gonna be recording a different video today and I didn't do that. So let me go edit some stuff. But I love you guys so, so much. If you're new here, please subscribe. My name is Nika. I'm 29 years old. I am a graduate student at Columbia University, studying clinical psychology and honestly should be graduating. I'm getting tongue-tied because I'm so excited because I'm actually graduating this year. How crazy is that? I'm gonna have my master's in clinical psych. Insane, but yes. So like, comment, subscribe. Let me know if you like these type of videos. I would love to do like a book club on YouTube. I think that'd be pretty fun if you guys are kind of into that. But yeah, I really wanna get to 5,000 subscribers by the end of 2024. We're barely at 1,000. So if you could subscribe, I'll love you forever. And I'll see you in the next video. Bye.


Given up just five home runs all season you allowed for today. Why do you think the long ball was an issue today? Yeah, this is definitely a bad day for me today. I couldn't command my pitches today. I missed on location and You know, that's that's what happens when you miss a location after the Maldonado about kind of was not able to Execute the pitches the way I wanted especially when you miss on Location and just didn't feel that I had the command of my pitches today You've typically been very good with command and adjusting if you need to during a game why what was different about today? Why do you think you weren't able to make this adjustment?  Did you feel that right away or did it sort of? When that happens that you don't have the command of the Launching all the senses of an A-B or according to what you're executing in the game you realize that that's what's going on That maybe you're failing a little bit with the location of the pitch Everything started well, but I felt safe from the pitch. I never felt that I've never felt any difference. I kept attacking with all the normal pitches, but I just failed You know, I started well for me, you know first couple innings. I felt fine But then eventually I started losing command of those, you know, and But it's simply, you know, just missed those pitches, you know


Hello, hello, Mario here. Mario's back with a new subject. Let's talk about Roman theaters, amphitheaters. What is so interesting about this subject is that we have done research to virtually all square and rectangular ancient structures spread around the world. And we found a very interesting pattern. This pattern results in the position of five geographic poles. And if you're new to the channel and new to our research, I advise you to go to our website and read the main page. It's linked below. And when you read the whole article, which is quite large, of about 30 minutes, it is sometimes a little bit daunting to read and understand some of the graphs and simulations. Nevertheless, this research that we have done used around a thousand ancient structures spread around the world. And this results in a pattern of geographic pole positions, ancient geographic pole positions that this has to do with crustal deformations, like Charles Hebkut, professor Charles Hebkut, wrote in his book in the 50s. And we do not agree with his research. Nevertheless, his idea about crustal shifts was very interesting. What we have found is that the crust deforms and this deformation pattern causes what we now understand as ice ages. That's enough talking about the research itself. What we have done is by looking at the orientation of Roman amphitheaters, we made a list of 119 amphitheaters. There's one in Albania, there are a few in Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, England. A lot of them are in France and of course in Italy. A few in Romania, Portugal, Libya, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia and one even in Wales. Orientation of an amphitheater has to be defined before you start measuring. So we initially proposed what you see in this scheme. An amphitheater is basically an ellipse. This elliptical shape can be measured in two different ways. Basically we were looking at if there were matching patterns between the orientation of amphitheaters and the poles that we have found. The five ancient poles that we have found, or even six poles. But the pole six is not yet totally proven. Nevertheless, this elliptical shape of a Roman amphitheater can be measured in two different ways. The two examples you see above is X1 and X2. This is one way of measuring and the two examples below X3 and X4 is another way of measuring. But in any case, what we have done is measuring the counterclockwise direction of an amphitheater. And why counterclockwise? Because seen from the position where most amphitheaters are situated, are located, the poles are always counterclockwise of them. That is why we done counterclockwise between 0 and 90 degrees. That is the freedom of orientation these structures can have in relation to our poles. So, and that is what we have done about 120 times. It was a lot of work. And this work resulted into this pattern of red lines. You see countless red lines, a yellow line and in total you see six circles following this yellow line. And these six circles are the definitions of the pole positions. The ancient geographic pole positions. And that means that the crust has deformed around the spin axis of the inner earth.  You get this graph. The red lines on top of the graph represent the positions of the poles 1 to 6 and the blue vertical lines represent intersection points of the orientation of the theorists. And we see clear peaks around the pole positions. And that is of course very interesting. Why is it interesting? Because these are two different absolutely unrelated patterns. Why are they unrelated? Because we say that these poles 1 to 6 stretch over a period of about 450,000 years. So pole 6 is almost 450,000 years old. And for example pole 5 is around 350,000 years old. So structures which are in large amounts oriented to pole 5 for example. The probability that they are as old as the pole increases very much because these peaks are focusing around the poles that we have found. And these two patterns have basically nothing to do with each other initially. Why initially? Because history books tell us that Roman amphitheaters are not more than 2,000 years old. Maybe 2,500 but you get the idea. These are just a few examples of amphitheaters that are in our list. The top structures might look modern but it appears that the foundations on which the Romans rebuilt their structures are much older. And that's the story. What is interesting about this one in France is that what you see happening in the construction of this city is that people built their houses on top of this old Roman amphitheater. But you still see the contours of this elliptical shape of the amphitheater. So even if they destroyed this amphitheater and rebuilt new constructions upon older foundations, you can still see the basic shape of the structure. So what the French did with the Roman amphitheater, building upon older foundations of the Romans. This is also what the Romans did with older foundations that they found. And why is there nothing left of this history because the people that lived in France before the Roman Empire took them over? New of course, the old stories about these theaters, they were built by lost civilization. But these stories are destroyed by the Romans. Everything that was written or said about these ancient cultures was totally destroyed. And this one in Italy, what many amphitheaters have in common is they are situated deeper in the ground. This one in Tunisia. Roman amphitheaters are presented to us in this way for the masses, soldiers, gladiators, all kinds of violent gladiator fights and so on. You know this from the movies. These theaters are not the idea of the Romans themselves. They were inspired by an older civilization and they found the remains of these theaters and they rebuilt upon these old foundations. Our work is mainly about mathematics of course. So back to this graph, let's assume as a start that the Romans built all these amphitheaters. Then the question could be asked first is why are amphitheaters oriented in the way they are? This sounds maybe a little bit strange. Try to answer the question, why are the amphitheaters oriented as they are? No one has the answer. Not one historian, not one archaeologist has the answer to this question. They only come with all kinds of stories and assumptions. Assumptions like or maybe it was because of the sun, but where's the proof that your assumption is correct? Such a thing is not present in any research. Back to this graph, let's assume that the Romans built these amphitheaters. Then we have a pattern of orientations. When we look at the orientations of these theaters and the intersection points of the 47.1 Westline that we have found, then you will see that 69 of these theaters matches in the six poles. And this is such a large number that this goes over an area of only 25 degrees. We have freedom of 90 degrees. So orientation of these theaters largely focus around these poles. And we can mathematically express this in a probability that these two patterns coincidentally match with each other. And the probability is only, hold on your chair, 0.0044% that these two patterns coincidentally match with each other. Back to the start, the assumption that the Roman amphitheaters were built by the Romans originally is 0.0044%. What does this mean? It means they were not originally built by the Romans. I can claim this with 99.9956% probability. The Roman amphitheaters were built by a lost civilization no one knows about. And these civilizations are not a few thousand years old. Homo sapiens walks around on this planet more than 400,000 years and they build all these structures. This is what Atlantis is about. This is what lost civilizations are about. These civilizations go over hundreds of thousands of years. They build these foundations, they build these structures lost in a mist of time. So any written record on paper of papyrus is simply gone. So these stone structures, the orientations of these stone structures are the silent witnesses of lost civilizations. That is a true story. So we are of course very intrigued about this discovery and you can read more on this discovery on our website. You can go to our website. It's linked below. This is enough for today. You can support our research by becoming our patron, my patron. And that is greatly appreciated because we need support to do this difficult work and very time consuming. Because only this research to the Roman theaters took us a few weeks to complete. So thank you and I wish you a happy day. And I hope to see you back on the website or on Patreon. Bye-bye.


So I will go through a bit of an introduction, but hopefully by now you have a folder on your computer that has the learning, the learner.rmd file and the data sets that are posted. So if you need to grab those, please put them in a folder together and we'll get started with that right after this PowerPoint. So I already gave a bit of an introduction about myself, but this is just to reiterate kind of the background in which I view science and my training in this. So I did my undergrad at the University of Alberta in the Department of Physiology and this is where I first got exposed to data, working with human data sets and I got interested in all the emerging technology. So I jumped across the other side of Canada to here in Toronto, just across the street to do my PhD in physiology. And it was a very interesting time because I was working with first trimester human placentas that at week five can be about the size of a piece. So when we started off, it was very difficult to study because we just didn't have the technology to gather information from such a small sample. Slowly our sequencing technology got better. I mean we were starting off with microarrays at this point and coming off the edge of people who were, you know, finishing a PhD thesis with one microarray we were bulking up to multiple microarrays but still having issues getting enough sensitivity. And near the end we were starting to get into single cell sequencing which was very interesting for us. So we actually have an image of a blastocyst. So this is very early human development. The little cluster of cells is the inner cell mass that will develop to become the baby. And the single cell layer on the outside is a trifectoderm that becomes this rich placenta that supports a baby during development. And this is an image of 45,000 single cells. So each dot is a single cell that we sequenced and then we recolored the plot according to cells that are expressing transcripts that are similar to each other. And this simply is just not possible to do without bound for Maddox. And I got interested in teaching and trying to help people manage their data at the end of my PhD and continue with the teaching. And I kind of took a different direction afterwards and I jumped across the street again to the School of Public Health to do a masters in bioethics. Because I was working with a lot of human data and we were becoming more interested in machine learning and thinking about how to shepherd these technologies forward. And I'm currently teaching at the University of Toronto, Mississauga in the Department of Biology and specifically helping to integrate more computational skills into biology courses. So that you don't have to take a bound for Maddox course you can just learn biology and integrate some of these concepts into your regular learning. And we already had our introduction with Vicki and Zoe and they will be with us for this two day workshop as well. So if you have any questions, feel free to just you can put your sticky on the corner of your laptops over here. And they'll be looking out for these stickies and they can walk over and help out.  I'd rather you stay with the lesson like don't wait for break in order to ask for help. We will be circulating and I don't have to stop talking only at a break we can take the small breaks along the way. We already did our introductions about you. I wanted to also talk briefly just about why are we interested in Bound for Maddox. And I'm sure each of you have your reasons for being here as you recognize that this is a very important skill. Maybe you have been interacting with some Bound for Matitions, some statisticians to work on the data and you want to have a hand in that yourself. I think it's a very good literacy skill to have as well currently seeing the landscape of how science is moving forward. So basically, we are increasing the amount of data that we can acquire the amount of data that we can store and the amount of data that we can handle with our analysis. So thinking even about patient records. Maybe some of you guys can sympathize but like 15 years ago when you went to go see a doctor and then you went somewhere else they wouldn't have your files, or you would have to take another blood test or take another x-ray. And now we are storing all of that information centrally so all of our patient files are getting really big. So in order for us to make sense of that we also need this increasing technology. We used to be very focused on numbers and sequencing and micro rays, quantifying things, but now we're even working with like photos and images. Those are very computationally expensive things to go through as well. I work a lot with genomes, and I find the Human Genome Project just fascinating as it began in the 1990s. It was proposed and it took 13 years to complete. It took billions of dollars. It was an international effort because we knew that one place wasn't going to have enough like storage to an analytical power to go through the whole genome. So maybe back in 1990, they were setting aside 3% of the annual budget to be going over ethical and social legal issues of resolving the human genome, knowing the large impact that resolving the genome would have on society. This is also one of the rare cases in science in which the project finished ahead of schedule, and they were able to publish in 2003. So billions of dollars international effort, more than a decade to do. But now you can send a sample across the street and get back an answer within hours, if not days, and it can, you can order online a 23 and me which is not exactly sequencing technology, but it is genome wide technology and you can get those kids for $99. So the accessibility of this technology is increasing so we are also have to ramp up our analytical power to be able to handle this data. I went through the pre workshop surveys and I saw that some of you do have some experience with our many of you. Maybe this might be the first time that you're encountering it. Don't worry you're in the right place. So as a brief introduction for our, it is an open source programming language. So it was developed more for a statistical with a statistical foundation with a focus for high quality reproducible statistics and visualizations. So that's why for this introduction workshop we are going to be focusing on managing our data, visualizing it with graphs to show some of the flexibility and the reproducibility aspect of it. And then also moving on to linear models because I imagine many of you will be working with continuous variables and quantitative variables. It was started by Robert gentlemen and Ross Hacker, and one of these gentlemen actually worked at 23 me as a director for a while and it truly shows the collaborative effort or the overlap in a lot of these spheres for programming and biology. Our generally as a beginner friendly language, as it has very clear grammar rules, and it is a little bit more human readable than some other programming languages out there. It's object oriented, meaning that we're going to store values into virtual objects that we can then transform or recall. It's customizable so even all of the pipelines that are out there everything's open source meaning that when we have a function that does an action, you can actually look behind the hood and see how it is doing that computation in case you want to customize it to your use. And that is different, as opposed to for example like Matlab, where it's proprietary so when you make a call, and it gives you an output you're not able to see the steps in between of how it brought your data to that final output, whereas our is transparent. Now, when we get into complicated stuff you don't really have to go line by line and understand everything, but at least as transparent for you and you can customize the steps in between, should you need to for your own use. One of the best things about ours that there's a very large user group, especially if this is your first time interacting with programming or are. Don't worry, try, try it out. I know it's very intimidating to see all these warning and error messages as you are starting out. But I can promise you that anything you do today, you were not the first one to try it. Any error message you have somebody else has done it before. It feels a little bit silly at first, but there's so much documentation on our online that you can find. So when you're working through it. I generally tell my students in the first year, you won't break our no way that hasn't been broken before. So they will be scary and intimidating going through these messages, but there is a lot of help available on the internet and even locally in Toronto, or at your own institutions for learning bioinformatics. So something else that we're using today is our studio and I know the complement between this can be a little bit confusing, but our studio is actually developed by a different group. And this is an integrated development environment, meaning this is how we're going to interact with the our language itself. So it is from the post-it universe. They develop a whole bunch of functions and packages for our, and it used to be known as tidy verse but they're really they're going under a transition to kind of make more universal branding. So they can execute both are in Python, which is another reason why they are moving away from the our moniker. And syntax, so it has built in syntax highlighting and code completion, meaning that it will help you write your code and help you find errors before you try and execute them, and you can manage multiple projects which is really handy so that if I'm working on my own project but collaborating with you, we can keep those projects separate so that the objects don't interact with each other. And another popular popular environment is Jupiter notebooks. So Jupiter notebooks like our studio can run both are in Python code. I get a lot of questions when I'm teaching intro classes of which is better are a Python, both have their own strengths. If you're trying to do you might find that one language has more packages that support the function of what you're trying to do. But I am more familiar with our I know some other people are more familiar with Python. Basically, anything you do can be achieved in both languages, but it's much quicker for me to write a few extra lines of code and are to achieve the task, then to learn how to do it in Python, and then do it with fewer lines. So what I would suggest is pick one language whichever one feels more comfortable or the one that maybe you have more people in your lab that are using so you can get more support and get comfortable with the language first. And you can always learn another one afterwards and it will be a little bit easier. Question. What is the blogging. Just saying another name of the language. So it used to be known as tidy verse so you might hear some tidy verse packages which we will be touching on today, but they are now getting known as posted. The reason why tidy versus a little bit distinct from base our packages is that they do play as with their own rules a little bit. So the way that their functions interact with other functions within their own packages is a little bit different. And we'll highlight that when we interact with them. So they play whatever is developed within the universe plays well with each other. And those rules might not apply to functions that aren't developed by this group of people. All right, so let's bring it together. What do these two have to do with each other. R is the language that we are trying to learn. And our studio is like our smart notebook of how we're going to interact with our itself. What I what I use as an analogy is that even when you're learning English, you still need a way of writing English so we might use Microsoft Word, for example, or a text pad. So we are going to be learning the language of our, and we're going to be writing our code within our studio. So you can still take what we're learning by when we're using the our language and write code in the Jupiter notebook. It's just another smart notebook kind of situation. So, but the fundamentals is that we're learning our but the method that we're using is our studio. We have any questions about how they interact. Okay, so we have a few workshop objectives. This is what we're going to be going over in the next two days. We're going to get used to how we talk in our and how we interact with the R studio interface, getting comfortable with the syntax or the grammar of our language. So it is essentially learning a new language. And at this point, I would also say, if you took as somebody who knows nothing about Spanish, if I took a two day workshop on Spanish. I wouldn't get very far and try to converse with someone who is Spanish right. So be kind to yourselves you are learning a new language in two days. You won't be able to be very fluent at the end but what I want you to be is comfortable and willing to try out new code. So we are going to understand data management so some tips on how you might want to collect your data, interact your data with our, we will be going over some visualization, carrying out repetitive tasks so programming strength is being able to do these repetitive tasks robustly and efficiently and minimizing the chance of typos. We're working with some continuous data for a linear regressions tomorrow, and just in general talking about principles of good code, or at least better code. And in the green, these are more like an official objectives. But what I want you to do. And what is going to be a little bit difficult at the start is getting used to typing with 100% accuracy in our casual conversations or when you're like messaging with your family, we're used to having auto correct support us or even when you're writing your thesis, you can go back afterwards and make the sentences more fluent, correct any of the typos or capitalizations. If this is your first time programming it will be frustrating that every mistake you make will stop you immediately, and you're going to have to find that error before you move on. It can be very intimidating getting getting a lot of these red messages, but it is a, it will take a little bit of time for you to get used to being able to scan through your code and noticing the common areas that you might make. We are going to be learning how to interpret warning messages and error messages. So as a heads up when you see this mess message being returned to you and telling you that the code might not have run properly. The messages are are telling you, I've tried I've done what you've told me to do, but this might not be as you intended so double check that what you did worked. So what so warning messages mean that are actually did something, whereas error messages are no, I can't proceed, I don't know what to do with it. So if our gives you a warning message, that might be okay, it's just telling you you might want to double check what I've done, and see if what I did is what you intended for me to do. So get your red messages on our don't freak out. We can work through it and sometimes we might not even need to resolve it it's just trying to tell you something. And the last objective is feel comfortable and encouraged to explore our own programming. If this is your first time programming again, it is a little bit of an uphill climb, learning something very, very different. But feel free to tell me to slow down a little bit or repeat a concept show it another way. Also keep an open mind that what I'm showing you is one way to solve a problem code is very redundant there's many ways to do the same task. So if you have if you think of another way to do it, you can share it with me and we can talk about whether that would be great, or some some other way of handling it. I mentioned before this is going to be a very hands on coding workshop. So if you are following along fine, you can keep that green sticky on the top corner of your laptop, and that will let me know that you are doing okay. And if you have any questions or you're encountering an error message that you can complete, then you can also put your red stickies on the top corner. Again, feel free to do that at any point throughout the workshop. So this is going to be our break. As Vicki and Zoe will be monitoring and like scanning the room to see if there's any of these flags up. When we're doing exercises, we will also explicitly tell you to put your flags down, and then put up the green one when you're finished so that I can get a survey of how you guys are progressing through it. This is a bit of an introduction on our first module which is getting to know our. So here's a list of the learning objectives. So at this time we can check in.  All right. So, on the foundations of this are is a very highly powered calculator you can use it to just do simple calculations, it can conduct mathematical operations. So what I have circled in the blue over here or what I'm showing you right now is actually some output from our what I'm showing you in the blue circles. These are called prompts. That's the indication that it's a line that's ready to accept code. So when you're writing code you always want to start at a prompt if you don't see a prompt there. That might mean that you're in the middle of a multi line code and we need to fix that. So sometimes if you're writing multi line codes in our studio, it will change into a plus sign. But if your code's not executing one of the things you want to take a look at is trying to find that prompt. So what we have here is the prompt indicating that we're writing code. If we write two plus two and then press enter, the output is going to come out underneath. So the number one is saying this is a first item of your output, and the result is for so it's just a computational code or mathematical operation that it's running. As I've mentioned that our is an object oriented language, it actually comes pre installed with some common objects. So here we have again another prompt so it's accepting a new line of code. If I type PI for PI and press enter, it'll give me the value of PI. So here, the value of PI is stored in an object called PI. This is something to keep aware of because you don't want to be overriding some of these common things so don't save an object as PI because then you'll overwrite the original one. It's not the end of the world if you do, but just get out of the habit of saving it over these common names. Same thing as like functions, we do have a sine cosine function that's in there. So when you're making a new function, try not use these commonly used names. And the strength of these objects is that we can actually operate on them. So if I do PI times two with a little star in between, it will give me the output of the value in the object multiplied by two. And we don't only have to use a pre installed objects, we can create our own and that definitely is a strength of it. So here we have another prompt. The object that we're trying to create as a single letter X. And this is called the put arrow, because I'm putting the value of 123 into the object called X. So you'll hear me refer to this put arrow and it's this the two keys of the little arrow in the hyphen so you can type out that put arrow. It's not like a single item itself. So it's two characters that make this little put arrow. And you'll notice that actually after you do this call, there's not an output that is displayed for you. So all you're asking in this first line of code is put this value in this object and ours like I did it, but it doesn't return it back to you so you have to do another call afterwards, you give it the object name and then you return what is stored within. So it's always a good habit to check what is in the object after you stored it in. Or if you're doing a transformation acting on the object, never assume that ours thinking the same way that you're thinking. It's a good habits double check and print it out. So again, once we've made our custom objects, we can act on it as well. So if we have X minus two, it will take two out of that value. Oh, so this is the first line of the output. So I can ask it to do multiple things. So for example if I store in an object later the values 123 and then times it by two. Then it's going to give me three outputs for each of those values but here is simple one. Good question. If you're answering that question, I'm just going to say this a little bit early, but anytime you see these square brackets, that's an indication of position. Yeah, so it's saying in the first position of our output. This is a value. And you might have heard me talk about functions before so functions carry out actions on these objects. So functions are characterized by these round brackets. So here we have an object, we're going to make an object called prime numbers. We're using this put arrow again. So we're going to put everything on the right side of this arrow into the object on the left side of the arrow. So this is going to be the object we make. This is going to be the value that's stored within it. So C is a very basic function that stands for combine or concatenate. So C is going to take everything within this bracket and store it into this object called prime numbers. When we're making a new object we don't have to make it first, since the object prime numbers doesn't exist yet it will automatically create it at the same time it's storing the value within. So here's within this first clip that we have our function named C, and then the start of our round bracket, and then a bunch of values so every time you see round brackets, the name of the function comes before the round bracket, anything the function acts on is within the round brackets. So the items that the functions are working on are separated by comma. That's how it knows that I'm trying to add the value one and three, not 13. Okay. You'll notice that I space a lot between my values over here so I have one comma space three are is actually very forgiving of spaces compared to some other languages. So if you didn't have your space over here between the comma and the three. That's okay, it is a bit of a personal preference, although you shouldn't have a, I think convention wise you shouldn't have a space between the C and the bracket. So it's not preferred to have a space between the function name and the start of the round brackets since they go together. But whether, like how you space your code is a bit of a personal preference. And in case you are working on code with multiple collaborators within your sphere. It is worth it to sit down and talk about coding practices before you get started, or you might drive each other crazy by correcting each other's personal preferences. So just as a review what we're looking at over here, we have a put arrow. So we're going to store the value on the right into the object on the left. And it stands for combine. So I'm going to combine all of these numbers that are that are separated by commas into this object called prime numbers. It doesn't give me an output because I'm just storing the value. And then afterwards we have a prime number object that will give us a list of all the outputs. So here, we're only acting on one object. So it's giving us telling us in position one prime number has all of these values. If I tell it to return the value of multiple objects then that's when we would get different numbers. Some other very basic functions that come pre installed in our class. So if I run the class function on the object prime numbers it will tell me it's numeric because we're holding on to numbers. If you do class on a vector that is storing words that will come out as characters. And we can also do very basic statistics here where we have a function called mean. And we know that that is a function because it's right before a round bracket, and it's acting on the object prime numbers that's within it. So a common mistake that happens over here, watch out to make sure that you've closed your round brackets they should always come in pairs. If you do forget to close one of the round brackets over here and press enter, you won't see the little prompt arrow. So that's an indication. Other things are just simple typos. So for example here we have an object called prime numbers. So if you're trying to run mean on an object called prime number without the s, or if you didn't capitalize the end, that would not go through. So our is sensitive to cases, and your object names need to be exact. So watch out because this can come back with an error saying object not found double check that you've typed it out correctly. So make sure because if you do make a mistake and then you make one object with the s and one object without the s it can get very confusing in your workflow. All right, we have any questions about this slide, starting out with functions. Okay, we will do all of this code again once we get into our bum just giving a little bit of theory before we get started. I mentioned before has a very large user base, meaning that there's a lot of tools that are already available out there. So consider this if you have a brand new phone. If you wanted to do something such as play mine sweepers, you wouldn't get on your computer and start coding up a game of mine sweepers. You know that somebody else has already done that. That is not something unique to yourself. So you might open up the app store. You might download the minesweeper app, but then every time you use it you would still need to open it and bring it up to the surface. That is the same for our. So we have the CRAN network, the comprehensive our archive network. This is where our lives as a language so it's maintained by some researchers at any updates are published by this CRAN network. So this is a big library of functions and packages that are available to you. And as many of you are working at in biological data sets, you might also encounter bioconductor. So this is a separate repository can think of it as like a separate app store that focuses on tools for biological data. So this is where you would find the packages. So the installation of them is a little bit different. And there are many different repositories out there. But they're all open source and free for you to use. So if you were trying to say analyze the microwave data. Don't start from scratch trying to write up code for importing the data, making a plot and such. These packages exist already. You'll have to access one of these repositories, download the package onto your device, and then bring them open and activate the library when you're working with them. So this is a common step that again is is missed when you're just starting out every time you open up your studio. It is a new environment. It doesn't really have a long term memory, unless you do save it explicitly. If you save, you're saving the code that you've written, but saying for what we were talking about earlier if I have an object called x, if I have an object called prime numbers. If I make that, and then I close my R studio and open up again, the code to create those objects is still going to be there if you saved it correctly, but the objects won't you'll have to rerun your code to generate those objects again. What you might not found is very frustrating error message when you get started. There's many ways that that can occur, but it is definitely troubleshootable. All right, and we're we're about to get into our studio itself. Our studio has four different panels. This I think is a default layout. But once you get settled in our studio, you can actually go in there and customize it to your liking. You can change it to a dark background. You can move around these panels and you don't always need all of them open as well. Our studio is great that it has integrated some of the things that we need to do with clickable buttons so rather than having to go through a file pass in case you're not used to writing like terminal code, you can click through your folder directories. We will go over this again when we all move into our studio, but this console is typically the brain. This is where the computations are being made. So if you open our by itself, it will be the console, you can go into terminal and open our and you will only have the console. The other three panels is just kind of bonus from our studio to help you write your code easier. But fundamentally the computations are happening on the console. However, if you are typing only in the console, say you wrote 50 lines of code. The next day, if you open up just a console, it's not saved there. That's why we have the script and the notebook. So we're going to be crafting our code in a script. We're going to be using a markdown notebook today. But this is our record. So we write our code here and then we send code to the console to run so we can save this document so that we have a nice workflow. When we visited tomorrow, we can go back and continue from where we started. This panel down here help plots and more. It is again more supporting documentation so if you write code in the script to generate a plot. If you press run, it will move it over to the console, run the code, and then your plot will pop up in this other panel, and the help is linked up to the internet. And if you have any questions about how any of the functions work, you can look for built in help in your, excuse me, our studio very handy use it all the time. The environment is kind of your bird's eye view of what our has in its memory right now, and what it's working on.


The study shows the successful in vivo application of micromotors for treating H. pylori infection. This article was authored by Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila, Pavimol and Santacool, Jinxing Lee, and others.


So we've been looking at all those qualities that we want to develop in our team, where we are building our team. These qualities are very important, which really help us in the team functioning well and also help the team to accomplish things. And it depends on each of our team members to have these abilities, to build these abilities, to nurture and grow these abilities. So we're looking at ability number nine, point number nine, which is enthusiasm, a general interest, a general passion for things at hand, for the work at hand, for the ministry at hand, wherever you want to apply. The team is enthusiastic about it. If the team is not enthusiastic about it, it could be for several reasons. There could be several reasons why. One is maybe the purpose, maybe the vision is not clear, or it used to be that they had a strong grip of the vision, because the vision always stirs up a passion. If we are aligned and if we are inclined with the vision of whatever we are going about, that's why the team actually came together in the first place. That is why somebody applied or wanted to be part of the team. So if the vision is clear, maybe we might have to revisit that purpose, the big question, the big why. Why are we doing this? So when that is revisited and when there is clarity about the why, then everything else will again flow again. If the enthusiasm had gone down, it will just come back again. So that's one thing. The second thing is giving ourselves some deadlines or some finish time to finish some of these tasks. Giving ourselves realistic finish times or deadlines. Maybe the team is doing a task and each one is doing a particular task.  It's this thing I need to finish. I can't just take forever and ever to finish this task, but I need to finish it by the end of this week. Having a day and having a date and a time in place really helps. A particular project could have several tasks, several phases, several tasks, sub-tasks. So each of these, if they have a deadline, if you say, by this we need to finish it, then there is a sense of urgency. We are able to put other things aside and get into it and that also enables us or gives enthusiasts the team. So again, coming back to enthusiasm, enthusiasm is a choice. It's a decision that we make. It's not dependent on, I will wait for these feelings to come. I will wait for the right environment, right circumstance, everything to fall in the right place and then I will be enthusiastic. No, that doesn't happen that way, right? So we need to make a choice. We need to make a decision saying, okay, I'm going to be interested in what I'm doing. I might as well do it. And having that enthusiasm actually helps us in the journey. It makes the journey better. It makes the journey easier. It makes the journey pleasant. Whereas if you're going to be constantly, if you're going to be grumbling, complaining and dragging our feet, then it's going to make the journey, even it could be a simple task, but it's going to make the completion of the task a real nightmare, a real drudgery, not only for ourselves, but also we're going to make it like that for everyone else. So be enthusiastic. It's a choice. It's a decision. So when we are enthusiastic, we really believe in what we're doing. So that helps. That's the whole point of revisiting the purpose, the vision and so on. Okay, so be willing to do more. Go a second mile or a teammate just for the sake of helping others. And even as we strive for excellence, it and accomplishment. When we finish a task that itself enthuses us, that itself generates even more interest in what we're doing. So getting the job done, because if you just keep things hanging, keep things incomplete, then there is a lack of interest. This needs to be done, but I've not completed it. There are so many things to be done, but I've not started it. And that further creates a negative pressure. So we're not interested in it. We just keep thinking about it and very part of it makes us heavy and heavy-hearted or just weighs down like a big burden and we don't get to it. So when we actually start doing the tasks, so all this helps us in our enthusiasm. When we start doing the task and then finish it, it builds enthusiasm. So enthusiasm in the team, enthusiasm for every team member. Can we develop it? Can we intentionally build it and model it for them? Then the tenth one is being intentional, working with a purpose so that every act or every task that we do, making it count, making it intentional. So focus is something that needs, that is required for us to be intentional. What is focus? Focus is to look at something, to try to avoid the use of the word focus, to look at something, to be engaged in something, to the exclusion of everything else. Now that is focus. When we say this person is very focused, which means that they are zeroed in and staying on one thing and they are not looking at all the other things, the periphery, you know, they're not looking at all those things because if we look at all that, then we might get distracted and lose our focus on what is important, on what is necessary. So, yeah, so the thing is focus. To be intentional, we need this ability to focus, to do the right things and to follow through, to finish. So, yeah, what will help us in having this focus is to explore, to see, okay, what is my strength? What is my limitation? What am I good at? And, you know, how can I develop the ability to overcome these limitations because these are things that pull away our focus, right? And when we have these tools, like, okay, we plan, we put things in a calendar, we have these to-do lists and we prioritize, okay, today I have these to-do lists but this is what I'm going to start with first. Okay, so this helps us to focus. It helps us to narrow down because if we don't have a plan, we don't have these lists. So we tend to put our energy in everything else. Whatever is urgent or whatever, wherever there is a fire, you know, there is a problem. That is where we are drawn to. We need to put out the fire. We need to solve this, you know, the problem first, okay? Well, some things are urgent and then some things are not important. So we need to know, is it important and urgent? Right, if it seems to be urgent, but it's not very important, then maybe someone else can handle it and not me. So priority, prioritized. So it helps bring that focus and we can be intentional, okay? So John C. Maxwell says, okay, let 80% of the time be focused on what brings the highest return to the team so that we model it and we also build that learning for this what we want the team to follow and put to practice in their work, in their ministry. Let it be focused on what brings the highest return, meaning what is it that, you know, what is your contribution, your effort, where it's really necessary, where it's needed and where we see the fruitfulness, okay? So to reflect, do I do this myself? What steps do I need to take in order to be intentional? So when we have these tools, when we use these tools, maybe it's an Outlook calendar, maybe it's a Google calendar, maybe it's a simple, you know, like a physical calendar where we write down and also a daily to-do list. These are things that I need to do it because these are important and these are necessary. If I don't do it, you know, these will have consequences. So we are being intentional. We're not just floating through the day doing whatever you feel like doing or whatever grabs your attention. Because if you have that mindset, we might miss out on doing or accomplishing or finishing certain things which are valuable, which we need to do, right? Okay, so intentional. And, you know, continuing with that is focus or conscious of our mission. You know, this is similar to, you know, being intentional, similar to, you know, what will help us in enthusiasm and so on. So we just, you know, what are we conscious of and the team members are conscious of the big picture, right? So what is it that the team needs to accomplish now? Let that be priority rather than individual or my own, like, accomplishment. Or let that take precedence. If this is what we need to accomplish as a team, right? Allow the leader of the team to lead. If there is a designated leader, let the leader lead, don't hinder the leader. And for the team to win, the leader must be allowed to lead. So do whatever is necessary to achieve the mission. Okay, so being conscious of the mission, the big picture, what is it? What is the big goal? Okay, then another thing is preparation. So we know that every, you know, for every accomplishment, for every win, there is preparation. Every task to be done well, preparation, right? So there are certain things that we have the skill for, you know, the ability, there are some natural things that, you know, I mean, there are certain things that come to us naturally, right? And which are our strengths. So despite that, so what happens is like when we, when certain things come naturally to us, maybe we are gifted in certain areas, then we compromise on the preparation time, right? We say, okay, this is something that I can wing it. I can wing it meaning, you know, I can spur of the moment, I can actually do it. So we compromise on the preparation time, right? But it becomes, it carries a cost. Sometimes the cost is, you know, it's a difference between winning and losing, right? So preparation is respective of where our strengths lie, where we are gifted. Preparation is like John C. Maxwell says, preparation is battle that is half a font. It's 50% is you've crossed the journey when you prepare, right? When we assess, when we align ourselves, when our attitudes and actions, everything comes together, you know, in our preparation. Then it is actually 50% done, half the battle is won, right? How can I improve this, you know, to be prepared? So think in terms of process, okay? Think in terms of process when we're preparing for a project, when you're preparing to, you know, complete, or maybe it's some outreach, everything, you know, whatever it is. Think in terms of the entire process, start to finish. Okay, how do I need to start it? What is the goal and how am I going to, you know, accomplish it? Think in terms of steps or processes, right? So we break down that big objective into smaller steps and each step into smaller tasks, excuse me. So that's the thing, you know, to have a process, to think in terms of process, and it becomes second nature, right, when we think about, when we think in terms of process. So we know we won't start somewhere in step five or step six. We won't start doing that step five or step six, but we start from step one, right? So because we're thinking in terms of the process, excuse me. Okay, so we can find ways of how can I improve, find some tools, and also evaluate, assess, what are things that went right, what are the things that didn't go right in the last time, and so these are things that help us to become, to have a process mindset, right? You know, a simple process like, okay, let's say making tea, you know, simple process, making tea, and goal is to have a hot cup of tea. Okay, so we would need water, we would need tea leaves, we would need milk, if you're, you know, typically making an Indian cup of tea, you know, then milk, and then there's sugar, and so on, right? So we take the water, we put in boiled tea leaves, and bring it to a boil, and so that's the process. So we won't start with step four or step five. You know, if step one is to take the water, and to step two is to add the tea leaves, and step three is to bring it to a boil, we won't, you know, we won't start with step three, which will actually hinder the preparation time, hinder the preparation, hinder the outcome, right? So that is what we say, you know, when we think in terms of process, and to follow through, to follow through the process to get the things done, right? Okay, so preparation. So is everyone in the team also preparing?  Okay, then we look at the next one. Okay, so the thing is, so we're looking at what are the things that we are studying? We are looking at things that we want to see, abilities that we want to see, we want to build in a team, every member of the team, so that the team functions well. The third thing is, the point is that are my team members relational, right? Relational meaning, are they, just like we saw, okay, are they communicative? Are they communicating within the team? Are they withholding information? Are they sharing information? So we need to actually ensure, facilitate that. Are they relational? Relational means that, okay, are they respecting one another? Is there disrespect, dishonour? Then we need to deal with that. Are they respecting? Is there, you know, shared experience among the teammates?  You know, so there are shared experiences in the tasks, in the challenges. So shared experiences, you know, so it requires one to narrate those experiences also to share that with the team, when the team is together and different people can do it, right? Not just the team leader, but to make sure that, hey, these are our shared experiences. These are some things that we treasure. We don't just rest on those memories so that it's just one memorial, but these are helping us, these are helping us to move from where we are, helping us in our journey, where we cherish these memories and we move on, these are actually strengthening us, right? Helping the whole dynamic of relationship within the team, shared experiences over time and also trust, does the team trust each other? Now, trust can come only because if everybody's performing, if everybody is dependable, right? If people are not, it's interconnected, right? So if there's a problem with trust, then there is a problem with dependency. Somebody who is not dependable, they are not pulling their way, they are not doing what they're supposed to be doing for whatever reason. So as team leaders, we need to see that spot that and then get that person up to speed. Maybe it's encouragement, maybe it is something to do with the skill level, maybe it's something to do with the attitude, right? The skill is there, but there's no attitude. The attitude is wrong, maybe. So that will help increase the dependability and therefore, there can be trust. So when there's trust, then definitely, relationally, the team is relating to one another better. They're able to go along and a team that has strong relationships is a strong team. It's definitely a stronger team. If there is strife, if there is suspicion, if there is, you know, people don't see eye to eye, then it's just a matter of time. It could be a very skilled team, but everybody is doing things for themselves and they're not able to wholeheartedly do their tasks because they're not able to trust the other person. There is suspicion and so the team becomes weaker and weaker. So yeah, these are some things. So we can ask the team members, what are the goals, what are your desires, what are your dreams in order to build that thing relationally. What really helps is also being able to meet or being able to spend time with the team outside of the formal work setting. So in ministry also, you know, maybe there is a formal, you know, time where the team is meeting, maybe in terms of preparation, maybe in terms of practice, maybe for, you know, the formal time of, you know, getting together for praying or something. So that's all, you know, that's the agenda. But if there is a time, and if we can facilitate the time that we are made of that formal setting, if there's a time to just relax, the time to just spend with maybe the team members' family and so on, that will help the team build this relational aspect, being able to relate to one another. So that's something that as team leaders, we can help facilitate and build in the team. Okay. Any questions so far? Any practical experiences, anything that you might want to share? Yeah. Okay. If there's anything, please feel free to share, right? Okay. Okay, so next one, self-explanatory, which is improving oneself, like constantly improving oneself. Now, if we improve, then the team improves. If we improve, then the whole output of the team improves. Right? So we commit to that. We commit to that. So everyone commits to that. Everyone commits to improving oneself, whatever they are, therefore in the team, improving their output, what they are responsible for, what they're there in the team for, their role in the team. If they improve what they're doing, then the output is different. I mean, output is better. It is of higher quality and so on. So the thing is, am I improving myself? Today, I'm at a certain level. So tomorrow, the day after that, and the next time, am I improving myself? If I'm at the same level, what is the reason? Am I just drawing back or whatever? Maybe the interest is not there. What is it that is? We need to challenge ourselves. We need to ask ourselves. Also to look at this whole thing of improving oneself as a commitment to do it over a period of time, to make it a lifestyle. To make it a lifestyle, this whole thing of learning, this whole thing of improving oneself, to make it a lifestyle really. Because especially when you look at somebody's health or fitness, there are two ways. One is you commit to a lifestyle of good health and fitness. Or sometimes it can be a quick fix thing like this fitness. Maybe just like typically, some of these examples we've seen, that one goes to the doctor and says, I need to leave from this pain. The doctor says, you need to make lifestyle changes so that this doesn't come again. But it's going to be a everyday thing. It's going to be a monthly thing, a yearly thing. And it's going to be for a lifetime. You just need to make those changes, adapt, make those changes to last a lifetime. So self-improvement is like that. It's not just for a 100 meters dash. It's not just saying that, okay, I will do this and then forget about it. So we need to do that. Learning to improve oneself. There are different reasons for people to change. One is that they are hurting, that they have to change. Or they learn enough, they get the revelation and they want to change. Or they receive enough strength and skill that they have the ability to change. So we need to understand that. The change happens in these ways. Some people are desperate for change and they are hurting. They are saying, okay, I can't take this anymore and I want to change. In the second case, people learn, get an understanding, get a revelation. And there is that inner desire and conviction I want to. I want to change. So it will change in all these ways. But the first one, people are hurting that they have to, well, what sustains that would be the second and third. If people come to that place saying, okay, I have to change, I'm hurting, this is not helping. But if they learn more, receive a revelation, receive strength in order to change, then they will sustain that change. So some minds said is to be open to learning new things, asking questions, listening, having the attitude of a learner, to be interested in things around, to learn new things.   Discovering, wow, this is what it feels like. This is hot, this is hard, this is soft, everything they are just learning from the environment. This is how the taste is. They never tasted sugar before. They never tasted anything sour before and then they hit their senses and they are discovering. So they are actually learning. They are more open to learning new things. Then we come to a stage, they are learning new words, they want to try out these words and see some of these 6-year-olds, 7-year-olds. They are trying out these new words. They learnt in school maybe, they want to try out the conversations at home. Words like actually, maybe they learnt that, they like that word and they are saying, there are a lot of actuallys in their conversations. Actually I did this, actually I did that. They want to try it out. So we need to be childlike in our learning and in our wanting to try out. That's where we are looking at this. We are looking at self-improvement. Self-improvement, improving, getting better at what we are doing, what we are in ministry also. So getting better at whatever we are, whether it's preaching, teaching, whether it's other things ministering and getting better at it. Learning, understanding what are the things that I need to avoid, to get into, spend more time and all that. So it's good to be open to learning. Don't reach that ceiling. Let's never reach that ceiling where we say, okay, I'm closed. I don't want to. Or be cynical. That's the thing we say, okay, that person is always like that. What's the use? The question we ask sometimes, tell us what is the use? That's a place of discouragement. It's a place of cynicism. So let's never reach that stage. May God, may the Lord keep us that state of being fresh and being sensitive and having that sense of wonder. Now with himself, like with the Lord and at the world that he's created and with the people that he's created to have that. So learning new things. And we can also intentionally plan out progress. Some of the things that maybe it's a course that we want to do, maybe it's conferences, maybe it's some refreshing, sorry, refresher workshops. We've heard those things a long time back, but now we just build on that. Maybe some workshops, some things like that. So we can plan to attend to be part of these things that helps us improve as well. So we have three more things to look at. Let's go through that as well and then we'll open up for some questions. To be selfless. This is a quality, an attitude because it's all about the team. To be generous, to avoid internal strife and politics, to be loyal and to be interdependent rather than independence. We're interdependent. Just like what we see in one conference 12, the body, the image of the body, the members are to be interdependent. What will actually increase our selflessness that dying to the self is when we give secretly. Meaning we help people, we empower people and it is not that we want accolades, applause, but we are actually doing it irrespective. We just want to be silent contributors. Silent contributors irrespective of who gets the credit. We don't want to be in the limelight. So when we do that, it helps increase that selflessness. We can sometimes take a subordinate role maybe we're always at the helm of things. Maybe take a subordinate role and say, let me help you with this. This is not what I normally do, but let me help you. Let me help you carry things, let me help you set up things, let me help in putting away the things, washing up. So let me do that. Then to promote others, to notice, to compliment, to recognize and also to move others maybe in places of prominence, maybe things that we ourselves were doing and so do that. So that increases selflessness. So how will that help a team member? That's the question. If I'm selfless, how will that help the team? If a team member is selfless, how will that help? Well, being in the team, many things that we do as a team requires giving, requires receiving, especially requires giving without asking that question, what's in it for me? What is the benefit that I get? If I pass the ball to him and he's going to score the goal and he's going to be known as the score goaler, I mean, the goal scorer, maybe the highest goal scorer for this tournament, then what's in it for me? Sometimes if we, or if we have that mindset, if we keep asking that question, then we're not going to contribute. We're not going to help the team as a world of is the team suffers. So the selflessness is an important quality for us to develop and also for the team to develop. Okay. Be solution oriented. Well, many of us notice problems. Problems are there and they, well, you cannot help, but notice problems. When things go wrong, people notice. When things are, recently I was at a conference yesterday and things where the speaker wanted to play a video, two videos actually, and the media team was not prepared at all. In fact, I noticed that as they were projecting the lyrics for the worship. So the media team was not prepared at all. They were, you know, we will just be singing the next song and then we'll still in the previous song trying to figure out this is despite the lyrics being given. Everything was given in advance and they were not prepared. These videos obviously were given in advance, but they were not prepared with the audio and not prepared at all. So the problems are something that we can, they just come up easily noticeable. But what about the solutions? So, am I a solution-oriented person? If I'm finding fault, can I also suggest the solution? You know what I'm saying? Don't find fault at all. It's not like, okay, there's a problem here, there's a problem there. No problem. That's okay. As long as it comes from the right heart, right attitude, there is this problem and there is a solution and it can actually be helpful. There's a, now that's a better perspective. Henry Ford says, don't find fault, find a remedy. So which means that you notice a fault, but also you go with the remedy. Change that problem. So, we need to think of solution in a challenge rather than problem in circumstances, the different mindset. So problems can stop us, they can stretch us. Depends on how we approach it. So how can I be a solution-oriented person? Get us on things. If there's a problem that was given up and people are saying, okay, this problem is beyond solving, then try taking it up and doing it on your time. Try to solve it. So it's for the sake of the organization, maybe it's sake of the church, find a solution for it and try to solve it. Okay. Then, so refocus the thinking on just not just finding the problem, not just dealing, but also dealing with the problem. Rethink strategies, repeat certain processes. A classic example of that is an experience I went through and this is at a certain venue where we used to meet this school and this is an example for revisiting or repeating the process. So I went and found out, asked for permission at a certain time whether we can use that venue for a church service. They said no. The principal at that time said no. We can give you maybe on one or two days or a set date, but we cannot give it to you for every Sunday. We cannot give it to you throughout the year, 52 Sundays or plus other additional service. We cannot do that. We just left it. Okay. Then after maybe three years or four years, there was this need again. We needed the venue. What came to our minds was this was the response of this particular school. They responded negatively. They didn't want. They were not interested. Now we have this problem. We have to solve it. So can we revisit? Can we try again? This is what they said earlier. But what if things had changed? What if the management is open now? What if the principal is open now? What if they are open? So we went again and approached them again and said, we have this. We know that we came earlier, but is there a possibility? Now this time they were open. This time they were open. They were also giving us a strategy. They were giving out their venue for many things. Weddings, programs. So they were open. They said, yes. We can discuss. We can talk about it. And then that's how we went into that venue, church venue. So repeat processes. Maybe the circumstances changed. Things have changed. So we can try out the same thing which we failed at earlier. But now maybe we can repeat it and try it out and see. So this will help us to be solution oriented. Another quality. Be tough. Be tenacious. Don't give up. Work with determination. Not waiting on destiny. This I see in one of the gyms nearby. Say stop when you are done. But not when you are tired. A great thing. Motivated and inspired. Stop when you are done. When you finish and not just when you are tired. So going all out 100% will really help. It will help you. It will help us know that there are resources that we never thought was there in us. So when we are stretched toughness and tenacity comes out. So don't give up. Be determined. Go all out. So we need to work harder. We need to work smarter. So working harder would mean maybe physical strength going at it over and over again like a hammer. But we can also work smarter. Rather than use a hammer, can I use any other tool that is working smarter? Rather than breaking this thing can I use something else which will dissolve it all together that is working smarter? So work harder but at the same time work smarter as well. And stand for committed values. The values that you had committed to. Purity, punctuality, integrity morality. To be tenacious to be tough these values that we are holding in high esteem don't compromise on that. And sometimes what helps is to make work good nature, not competition to bring down the other but like a game like a sport that will also enable us to be inspired, motivated and to be tenacious not to give up. So these are some things 17 points that we looked at for our teamwork and all of these are in the book winning. Winning with people sorry it's in Laws of Teamwork Indisputable Laws of Teamwork by John C. Maxwell. So you can check that book also. So with that we come to the end of this course on leadership. So we looked at those three big sections teamwork being the last one then we looked at winning with people and the first one was about you know about leadership with Jesus as the example and several other things vision, goals you know and plan, personal plan and so on we looked at all those things right. So that brings us to the end of this course. So any questions anything any other thing that you want to ask maybe maybe some practical things you know when we look at these 17 qualities that it seems like how can I recruit someone with all this right how can I recruit someone with all these abilities it seems like too much to ask for in a person right well it's true based on person's experience that you want for that particular role based on the skill level learning etc it's too much to ask to see that somebody will have all these qualities and somebody is just doing great in all this it's too much to ask for right but it's good to just run through right run through in our interviews maybe maybe a question will actually address three or four of these characteristics bring out three or four of these characteristics ask that question and evaluate you know are these qualities there or how critical are some of these things for the job at hand right and intentionally build that in to intentionally voice that out and say this is something that we require right these are abilities that we require to intentionally build that right because to build that to build the team would mean you build people with these abilities that would contribute to teamwork and that would contribute to the team actually winning forward so can consciously develop these abilities okay so any questions anything um there will be one more quiz before the end of this month and with that we will come to a close also you know like just like how we did for the other course in a wholeness this course also there's a feedback form I think some of you have not filled for the previous one I would encourage you to you know it's a feedback form which you can just fill in just to assess and to give your suggestions your feedback it's an anonymous feedback form so you can you know you can just go ahead be free and give your feedback about the course the faculty the assessment everything you know the good bad and the ugly so you can share that so yeah okay so if there are no questions I guess we'll stop here yeah thank you um god bless just look out for the feedback form and also for the quiz right okay thank you so much thank you boss okay see ya


Uh, and just like maybe for future reference, what's your ring size? Oh! For future reference, I'll ask it for a friend. That's a little soon. Um, um, I'll let you know a little later. So guys, I'm here with my friend Zeng. How do you think you're gonna do, man? I think I'm gonna do great. All right, are you, are you dating anyone right now? I am not, which is good for the video. Let's go ahead and get started. Okay. All right, dude, you got this. Yes, sir. I believe in you. Thank you. Uh, number one's wearing jogging shoes or basketball shoes. So increased mobility, which is ideal in a person in general, I guess. Her shoes attract stars. So we'll have to race and everything for one of these dates. First, second, third, I don't know. Hope you get that far. Yeah, you'll be, you'll have to chase me. Number three, what are your top two favorite music genres? I, I also like R&B, but I recently listened to a lot of K-pop. That's cool. Korean music is pretty sweet. You listen to BTS and everything. Uh, yeah, yeah, I listen to something. Yeah. Yeah, do you dance yourself? Uh, I would love to. I probably can't. No, that's okay. She's, she's done a dance performance before.  I think now's the time. She's good, dude. Now's the time to brag, I think. She's, she's just trying to be humble. Yeah. No. You can ask her to show the dance video. Don't, don't, don't socialize. So like what dance moves can you show me just with your feet right now? Tell her to do fake love. Can you do, oh, BTS.  That ain't fake love. Can you do fake love? Just the feet, just the choreography. Give me the music. I will do it.  Fake love. Fake love. Number four, uh, what are your top three, uh, music artists right now? Blackpink. Blackpink, awesome. And I don't even know if you heard this artist. It's called Jolene Cai. Jolene Cai. No, is that, is that, uh, Korean or Mandarin or Chinese? It's a, it's a Taiwanese singer. Yeah. She dances too. Yeah. Oh, she dances? Yeah, she does. You should show some dance. Oh, you dance as well? Just set me up. What happens if this blind dating thing doesn't work out?  Oh, no, man, if that happens, I don't really know what to do. All right, dude, you know what you should do? Yo, you should check out EME Hive. Yes. So if you go ahead and download EME Hive, it's the number one option for Asian live streaming, dating and entertainment. Let me show you how it works. So we're going to open up EME Hive. Here it is. This is basically what the interface looks like. You know, you're greeted with like hundreds of people, but here's the cool part. You can change the different preferences that you want.  You can choose the education level that you want. You know, this is really nice for me because, you know, my parents, they really wanted me to become a doctor when I was younger. Instead, I became a YouTuber. Who does that? Anyways, dating a doctor is the next best thing. Anyways, so EME Hive is just a genuine way to meet and chat live with people through video. So you can eliminate catfishing and actually get real connections.  Okay, anyway, I'm not getting into it. Okay, you know what? Okay, to be fair, to be fair, she had a really well built profile. I mean, okay, if you looked in the profile and you look back, she was building this out for years. There's no way. No way you'd be able to tell as a fake profile. She, see, that's the thing. I don't even know if she was a sheet.  Anyways, don't get catfished. That's why you get EME Hive. Remember to meet Asians today and download EME Hive. Remember to use my link in the description box below. Awesome. Well, there's a lot more to differentiate now. I think other than the, the shoes. So that's really cool. Number five, I noticed you like your jewelry a lot. Do they hold any significant meeting for you or what, what about them? This one love and it reminds me of the universe with the diamond wrapping around it and just like maybe for future reference. What's your ring size? For future reference, I'm asking for a friend. That's a little soon. Um, I'll let you know a little later. It's more of a second date thing, right? Okay, let's go ahead and eliminate someone. Okay, do I eliminate one or two or? Actually, we're going to have you eliminate two. Two? Oh my gosh. But we'll have you do it one at a time. Okay. And of course, none of my comments have any holding beyond today, but just with that precursor I'm going to have to say number, number five. I knew it. All right, number five. Let me have you come out. I'm a high five. I mean, I'm more of a shoe person. You're very beautiful though. So evidently, it all works out at the end. All right, thoughts. Do you regret it? Yeah, obviously. Gosh dang. I mean, respectfully. Respectfully, of course. Respectfully, gosh dang. You know, obviously a very beautiful person inside and out from the 30 seconds you talk to each other. Awesome. Well, nice to meet you. That was great. Thank you. Number five.  I'm assuming from the waist up as well. But number four, I'd say have to eliminate respectfully. Oh, shoot. I'm like bad choices. Someone get me. How's it going? What's your name? Hi. Meanie. Meanie? That's cool. I like your style. It's awesome. And I love the piercings. Very creative and everything. I think the reason I chose to mean, Meanie? Meanie. Meanie, I chose to eliminate Meanie just because different music styles and everything. She obviously appreciates more foreign, Asian music, R&B and everything. I'm more of a homebody in regards to, you know, America. Yeah, sorry. Nice to meet you. Yeah, nice to meet you. Very beautiful. Nevertheless, we're two and no for now. And then there were three. You guys seem like you're basically the same height, but why don't we say all our heights? Okay, I'm five seven. I'm five five. I'm five one. No, that's cool. I'm Filipino. I'm used to that. That's cool. You stop going at five. Everything. How would you describe your style? Um, I think my style is really casual. Like this is definitely dressed up for me. I usually just gym clothes to go out. Do you go to the gym? Yeah, I work out every day. Ask a question. Ask a squad. What? How much can you squat? Okay, my PR is 165. 165. That's pretty sick. That's pretty hefty. Did she carry you? No, she could definitely carry me for sure. Well, that's interesting. First year idea, but I'm down if you're down. That's awesome. Gym and Chipotle. What are some things you like to do? Just to be stressed.  Genshin. I play Valorant. I play, well, I'm bad at it, but I play Dink. Okay, okay. Ask her what the rank is. What's your rank in them? We don't talk about that. I used to be popular. Can't date a girl who's higher ranked than you. That's a personal rule. Ask her about her Apple Watch. So your Apple Watch. Tell me, tell me stories. What about your Apple Watch? So it's an accessory. I lost the charger, so it's not working. Oh, it's all functioning? That's so funny. It's just an accessory right now. Awesome. What's your top two shows right now? So I actually watch a lot of variety shows. The reason when I watch was The Devil's Plan. That one is so good. I definitely recommend it. Where is it on Netflix or whatever? Netflix. It was on Netflix. So you got the Netflix part of Netflix and showdown, so that's pretty good. I mean, if I'm comfortable with the person, I mean, Netflix and GeoSense go to. Number one, what's your favorite anime? Well, I like Naruto. I binge watched all of it. I've also watched Demon Slayer. And I think at one point, because in high school, in middle school, you can like count the hours. Mine was like over a thousand. That's a lot of anime. That's like one season of Naruto though. Believe it. She measures time in just episodes. I started on One Piece. Oh, it's a long journey. It's a lot of commitment. I actually don't watch anime. Oh, Red Flags, you know? Red Flags. Number three. Sorry about that. One Piece, of course. Oh, also on the journey. I'm also waiting for the new season of Attack on Titan. That's awesome. Let me see you do the pose. Sasage go. Sasage who? Sasage. Oh, soy sauce go. Soy sauce go. Soy sauce go. All right. Number one, if you had to cook a meal for Zeno, so what would you make? I'm actually really... I think I'm good at cooking. I'll make a Chinese food. Like a lot of stir-fry. Do you like eggplants? I love eggplants. Me too. I'll make stir-fry eggplants. That's my favorite plant. Mapo tofu. Oh, I also know how to make braised pork. Just stuff like that. That sounds all delicious and still full. All right, number two, if you had to take Zeno on a first date, what are you guys doing? We're going skiing. Zeno, can you ski? I cannot, but I have a good instructor. Apparently so. Sounds good to me. Yeah. Let's go ahead and eliminate two people. Oh, I feel so bad, though. Number... Number two, I'd have to say respectfully. She's gotta go. I don't precursor it every time respectfully. Respectfully, of course. Bro, three for three? Oh, shoot. Let's wrap it up. I guess you don't like skiing. I guess don't like skiing. You're not a big skier? I'm not a big skier, but I like her style. She has a fantastic face, respectfully. Nice to meet you.  I know, bro. Yeah. That's actually the main reason why she got eliminated. I think we'll have to eliminate number two. How are you? Dude, this guy just collecting... I'm just getting Ls. Just collecting Ls left and right. This is pretty bad. What's your name? My name is Winky, like, Winking. Oh, okay, cool. Reason I eliminated Winky just because we just got different ideals and everything. The thing we can relate upon is we both think she's really good looking. So, that's L for me. All right. Are you ready to meet number one? I'm ready to meet number one. I think she's got a great personality, a lot of confidence. I think we align pretty well in values. And most importantly, she can cook. And so, being cooked together. Let him... That'll work out, I think. All right, number one, let me have you come out. Let's go! This is first W!  What's your name? I'm Felicia. Felicia, nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. Nice to meet you. And then, are you Chinese, like, ethnically? Yeah, my family is from Shanghai. Wow, Han Haochu. Han Haochu. Yeah. That's cool. Well, nice to meet you. Teach you how to say something. Uh, Ni Heng Shai. Ni Heng Shai. Okay, Wopang Yao. Wopang Yao, let's go. All right, what do you... The only Tagalog I know is like a swear word. That's okay, that's not a language. Okay, Paul taught me it. I taught you? Yeah. Great. We'll definitely censor that one. That is it for our video. How do you think you did? I think I did the best out of everyone. So I think...  I know. Definitely for sure. By process of illumination. By process of illumination. I am the best. All right, guys. Also, remember to check out EME Hive for Asian dating, entertainment, and live streaming. Don't forget to download EME Hive. Check it out, guys.