Okay. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the next session of a Windchurch planting. So let's just do a quick review of what we did yesterday and then we'll get into today's class. So yesterday we, let me just present the notes. It makes it easier. All right. So yesterday we talked about the Holy Spirit being our leader. We talked about being dependent on the Holy Spirit on all our efforts we labor and God gives the increase. We talked about deterrent fruit and how it requires wisdom to take on a city and some of us also shared on some of the challenges and struggles that we may face or have faced when it comes to both depending on the Holy Spirit as well as executing things that God speaks to us through wisdom. Right. So we also looked at the objectives of church planting. We saw that is an establishment of a community of believers, self-sustaining, self-sustaining in terms of leadership financially and community. So let's move on to the next chapter, chapter 4. God's heart for cities. Right. So now God identifies himself with the city in Matthew chapter 5 and verse 35. Let's just quickly read that. Matthew 5, 35. Now Jesus is just done about this great sermon, the sermon on the Mount and in Matthew 5, 35 is what he says. Let's read it. Is it Matthew 5? Yeah, Matthew 5, 35. Now imagine God identifies himself as a city. Now even when you look at, you know, you did a little bit of n times last sermon. So he studied n times and we look at how God identifies people. He identifies situations. He identifies with different kinds of communities. You see in the Book of Revelation, he says he talks about Babylon, he talks about Israel. And we know that it's not literally Babylon or Israel. He's talking about the people involved there. So God is identifying himself with the city. He's saying the city of Jerusalem. So what does it teach us? God has a heart for cities. And so sometimes we have this picture like, okay, God has created the world and he loves the whole world. Yes. But here's the interesting part. God identifies with the city and he cares for each and every city in his own way. So what happens in each city is seen by God and he knows what has happened. Let's look at Genesis chapter 18, 20 to 21, Sodom and Gomorrah. Now this is just the beginning of nations. Genesis 18, just the beginning. There were not too many nations. Let's read Genesis 18, 20 and 21. Anyone of us can read. Go ahead. And the Lord said, because the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great. And because the scene is very great, I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry against Eve that has come to me. And if not, I will know. Thank you so much. It says here now, Abraham is praying for Sodom and Gomorrah. And Abraham pleads for the city of Sodom and Gomorrah because what's happening is they have been living in sin. They've turned their face against God. And it says here that the Lord said, the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin is grievous. So what does God say? God does not say, okay, so I'm going to abolish them, abandon them. He says, I will go down and see what they have done. It says, I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. So God is not saying, okay, Sodom and Gomorrah, we don't need you. We just clear up this place. We'll finish it off. And let's only just stick with the nations that are obeying God or obeying and following His law. He doesn't say that. What happens in each city? God cares for it. God sees it. Look at the next example. This is a wonderful story of Jonah chapter 1 and verse. Let's read actually Jonah 4, 10 and 11. So that will give us a better idea. Jonah chapter 4, 10 and 11. Go ahead. Anyone can read please. Jonah chapter 4 verse 10 and 11. Yes, would anyone like to read? Jonah chapter 4 verse 10 and 11. But the Lord said, you have been concerned about this land. Though you did not tend it or make it grow, it sprang up overnight and died overnight. And should I not have concern for the great city of Nineveh in which there are more than 120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand from their left and also many animals. Thank you, Jonah. So here, again, we know the story of Jonah. Jonah is God is using Jonah.   People have turned against me, go to that city and preach the gospel, preach about my goodness, preach about my judgment. And we know the story. Jonah said, no, I'm not going to go there. They deserve the punishment. But in the end, after Jonah goes and he begins to preach and people started turning away from sin. It says here, in this verse 4 verse 11, but Nineveh has more than 120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand from their left. Should I not be concerned about a great city like this? Now, Nineveh was the capital of a Syria, right? And it is a pagan nation. There's nothing godly about the Assyrians, but God's heart was brought that city. Now, if you look at, I remember many, many years ago, we went to, in the nation of India, we went to this place in North India. So those who are overseas, let me just help you to get a background of this place. This place is called Varanasi in North India where it is actually the hub or the center of all kinds of gods and goddesses. It is a center of a lot of sexual immorality, idolatry that happens there. And so hundreds and thousands and thousands of people would come every year to visit that place. You've got the river Ganges flowing there, which they believe was the river of life, river of healing. And so it's a very popular destination, not only a tourist hub, but it's a religious sentimental value to people of our nation. I remember we went there. Every street in every corner, there was so much of demonic work there. And I remember telling myself, how are we going to touch people in this kind of atmosphere, right? This kind of a setting. How is it going to happen? And the first time when I was there, I was thinking to myself, God, how are we going to do this? My heart was for the city, but more than the people in the city, my heart was, God, how are you going to do it? And I remember going back to the room that day and got very clearly ministering, saying, I am bigger than the city's problems and what we see there. And it is from there that I kind of understand that God has a heart for each city, each city, whichever city, whichever nation we are in, God has a heart. And it's never like we should be on the world stage only then God is interested in you.  God is interested in that. God's hand is involved in establishing nations, cities, towns, villages, everything. God's hand is involved. Look at Jesus in Luke chapter 19, Luke 19, 41 to 44. Let's read that. Luke 19, 41 to 44. Jesus. Now he's finished more than a year of his ministry. By the time he's at Luke 19, more than one and a half to two years or the mid of his ministry. What's he doing here? Luke 19, 41 to 44. He comes to Jerusalem. As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it. Now, actually this was supposed to be a triumphant entry. And if you go up to the verses before that, they were all clapping. They all wanted to honor him for what he did, for what he's doing in his ministry. And it was a triumphant entry, right? He came into the temple in a cold, right?  They also are saying, Oh, Zannah and he's going through the Mount of Olives and he's looking at Jerusalem. If verse 42, if you even, if you, even you had only known on this day that what would bring you peace. But now it is hidden from your eyes. Verse 43, the days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you on every side. So Jesus is speaking prophetically. He's speaking of what is going to happen. They will dash you on the ground.  Now, why is Jesus leaping over the city of Jerusalem? There's a question there. Is it because there were no facilities in Jerusalem? Is it because there was no, you know, prophets or there was no, or nobody was listening to him? Well, why he, he was born in Jerusalem. He's been there all his life. He's never wept over Jerusalem before. But what is making him to weep over Jerusalem during a prime office ministry? They're all celebrating his life, I think. You know, they're singing, Hosanna to the king and they're putting those. He should enjoy the moment. But rather than enjoying the moment, he's crying. Why is he crying? It says there that because the people, he's not me crying. He's giving a prophetic word saying that not even one stone will be left unturned. And that's what happened when the Romans came later on and destroyed the entire temple and everything that was there. But he's crying because people did not recognize the time of God's coming. They did not recognize that he is the Messiah. So I want to read this open. Why did Jesus weep over the city of Jerusalem? Maybe you can share some more thoughts. If anyone would like to share, what do you think? What was one of the reasons to why did Jesus weep over the city, especially during a time of a time for the entry, during a time when you just soak in the moment and enjoy? What do you think he wept over the city of Jerusalem? One reason could be, as you said, they did not understand the importance of Jesus coming and he cares for that city. As we said, God's heart is for the cities and he cares for the city of Jerusalem. He cares for the people. When they did not realize the importance of Jesus coming into that place, I think that could be one reason Jesus wept over the city. Yes, thank you so much, John. Anyone else would like to share any other reason you feel that Jesus weep over the city? Maybe a question that we can ask is, are we able to weep over the city that we are in? Do we have a desire, a passion to weep? To tell you the truth, I have not really wept over the city of Bangalore, but I have wept over cities. Meaning, I've really moved over certain cities that earlier on we used to do a lot of our traveling to different... Sorry, I'm just going to stop this presentation. We used to travel from different conferences and different programs all across India. There were some of the cities that I went to when I saw people there just living a life that is so ungodly and so... Not only ungodly, but there were times that people, they are seeking a God. They're so religious, they're seeking. They may have a good heart, but they're seeking in the wrong places. Now, how do we tell them? How do we go and reach out? So if we have to reach out to them, the next question here is, why is it important for us to receive and develop God's heart for us? Because if we do not have a heart, we will not be able to push ourselves. We don't have a passion to receive the city that we live in. We will not be able to... Or any other city. We will not want to take a step further. Or we will not feel like moving out of our comfort zone. Just a few points here. We must be interested in the well-being of our city and pray for our city. Jeremiah 29, 7 and 8. And we know the story of Jeremiah. He fervently, fervently prayed for Jerusalem. He's known as a creeping prophet. I just made some additional notes here. A desire and a passion for Jerusalem. He fervently prayed for the nation of the city of Jerusalem. So even to a point that he was beginning to be put into prism, but it didn't stop him from releasing those prophetic words over the nation of the city of Israel. Now, all of us know this was Jeremiah 29, 11. Right? For I know that says the Lord, I know the plans I have for you, plans to prosper you. Right? Perhaps to give you a good hope and a good future. Now, we know the context of that. That's very important. You know, this is a letter to the exiles. These people, the Jews, are living in, during the time of Nebuchadnezzar, they're living in Babylon. They are in captivity. Right? And in captivity, Jeremiah is praying for the city. They're saying, Lord, bless, bless Jerusalem. That's our city. Weep over the city. The reason that we are here is not because of anything else, because of our own sin. Our own desires that took us away from God. And you know, we see that he's praying over the city, but he's also releasing a prophetic word. The people of Jerusalem are tired, weary. They don't have their own place. God is, through the prophet speaking, saying, I have plans for you to give you a good hope, to give you a good future. Plans to prosper you. Right?  I will take you back to the city from where I brought you as exiles. So we must be interested in the well-being of our city. Even if you look at Nehemiah, why must Nehemiah break his head? He's got a good job. He's enjoying his life. But, you know, when he heard the news that the walls are broken, it moved him. Now, that kind of a zeal or that kind of a conviction is very important for us. Now, we are not asking for a conviction that is so big that we, you know, can start doing street demands. No, that's not what we're talking about. Talking about, it could be small things. So, for example, you see that there are a lot of young people who are, you know, suicidal nowadays. You read the newspapers, you've got every day something or the other. Educated people, educated youth, doing well in their studies, committing suicide. It's a spirit. And does it move us or is it just news? We need to ask ourselves. We need to ask ourselves. And there could be many things that God can put in our heart. It could be against prostitution, drug addiction, whatever it is. If God puts something in our heart, be interested, be passionate and pray for that. Look at the next point. What is God's purpose for intercessors for the city? He's looking for it. Why does God need intercessors? God can just do it in his way. But that's not how God designed it. Let's read Isaiah 59, verses 14 through 16. Again, Isaiah during a time of chapter 15. Isaiah 59, 14 through 16. Yes, anyone can read please. Isaiah 59, verses 14 to 16.  For truth is fallen in the street and equity cannot enter. So truth fails and he who departs from evil makes himself afraid. Then the Lord saw it and it displeased him that there was no justice. He saw that there was no man and wondered that there was no intercessor.  It sustained him. Yes, thank you, Rosent. See, I just want to read a portion from the same verse, from the NIV version. It's very interesting. He says, he saw that, in Isaiah 59, verse 16, he saw that there was no one. He was appalled that there was no one to intervene. So his own arm worked out the salvation. So that means what is the meaning of appalled? Appalled means he was like, it is a mixed emotion of surprised and upset. An emotion of being surprised and upset. It was appalled that not one person is praying for the city. So what does it teach us? God wants us to intercede for the city. Sometimes I've written here, don't feel insignificant. Now it's happened many, many times where we can just be two or three people sitting in a small room in a house, praying for the city, or praying for an entire nation. Sometimes we may feel insignificant. Now, the moment we feel that, just tell the devil that, hey, greater is he that is in me than he that is in the world. Because God himself is looking for intercessors. So when we pray for the city and we pray for nations, God is hearing our prayers. So God is not saying, oh, only two people, only five people, I thought the whole church would come. I thought there'd be hundreds of people praying. No, doesn't matter. Here in Isaiah, there are hundreds of people, but he was appalled that not one person is praying. So, develop a heart of interceding for the city. Some of the things that I personally do is what I do is I take time every week. So I make a note. So for this city, I will pray 20 minutes. Now just put down five cities. It could be in India, it could be all of India. Just put it down, city of nations. I put it down and I pray over it. Just pray. And now, what is my responsibility to pray? The verse later on says, God will work it out. He will bring out his salvation. What's our responsibility to pray? And so maybe you can do that, right? Ask God for a desire, for a passion. You can start off by praying for your own city. And then as God puts cities and nations in your heart, pray for them and believe that God will answer your prayers. Next point, God reveals his plans for the city to his prophets. If you look at the Old Testament, God reveals his plans. God told Moses, I'm going to bring the people of Israel out of Egypt. God told Abraham, I'm going to take them back. I'm going to take them into another time of exile. God told Daniel, it's going to be 72 years that these people are going to be here in bondage. All across, right? God has told his prophets what he is going to do. He revealed his plans. And so even as you and I pray, let God reveal his plans. Maybe he may give us strategies. He may give us ideas on how, where, when to reach out. So be open to those as well. Amos chapter 3 was 3, 7 and 8. Let's read that. Amos chapter 3 was 3 and then 7 and 8. It's a common verse. Amos chapter 3 versus 3 and later 7 and 8 question. Yes. Do two walk together unless they have agreed to do so. Surely the sovereign Lord does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants, the prophets. The line has wrote who will not fear. The sovereign Lord has spoken who can but prophesied. Amen. Thank you, Rosalind. So we see that God is speaking to this prophet and saying, surely two people cannot walk together if they are not in agreement. One, two, whatever the sovereign Lord does, he reveals that to his prophets. So for us to walk together with God, we must be in agreement with God. See, for example, God loves the people of a certain city. Let's take an example of the city of Bangalore, where we are from. God loves the city of Bangalore. He loves the people. He has a plan for the city. But what if, you know, there's a lot of things that are happening here. There's traffic, there's traffic congestion, there is, you know, there's lack of space. There's no parking space. There's so much that's happening. What if I keep complaining about the city? Oh man, the city is like this. This is what happened. Now we're ever going to improve. The government has been doing this. Nothing has been, you know, nothing is improving in our city. All the same laws, the laws are not being put into effect. What if I keep rumbling over it? Now God is saying you pray and bless your city, pray over your city. But I'm majoring on the miners. That is the traffic, the weather, the people, the houses. That's all the miners. You and I must be in agreement and work together with God for what His plan is. What is His plan? That people, communities get to know about the gospel. That darkness be removed, that people's lives be touched, transformed. That churches begin to grow, that ministries begin to grow. That is His desire. But as believers, we are looking at the miners. And remember, God is much bigger than the city. Nothing is too difficult for Him. So we are not to get overwhelmed by the size, by the magnitude of the problem, the gravity of the situation, address these issues to God. So you and I, as believers, we can pray against strongholds. We can pray against demonic oppressions. Address the matters. So for example, if there are over a city, if you see that, there is constantly, maybe there's this drug addiction problem, or prostitution. Pray against it. Just pray against it. Now as you're praying, the enemy may make us feel, hey, you know, you're praying against prostitution, but prostitution has been there for the past 500 years or more, and it's only been increasing. You're praying, nothing's happening. No. God is looking for intercesses. Our responsibility is to pray, and the arm of the Lord will do His work. So don't get overwhelmed. We must get God's heart for the city. We must learn to see people as how God sees them. A heart for souls to be touched, a heart for souls to be added to the kingdom. Now I want to differentiate here. There are two things. One, we can have a heart for souls to be added into this kingdom, and we can have a heart for souls added into the church, into your church, or our church. Now there's a difference. Now if I'm a pastor, for example, and I only want people to come into church, I don't have a heart for this city. But if I have a heart for people to get to know Jesus, to see their lives transformed, whether they are English speaking or any other language, whether they are in the city, going to another city, all that won't matter. So be very clear in your objectives. Tell God, I will do the work of praying, ministering to people. People will come into church, people will go. So it's not about that. The heart is to see people added into God's kingdom. Eventually people will go to like people into the church. Leaders, everyone will come to serve alongside them. To serve alongside you. But our objective should be clear. Because I can have a heart for souls to be added into the local church, but not to have a heart for the souls in the entire city. I just want people to come to my church. That's the wrong attitude. We must be moved with compassion for the people in our city. We must pray for our city. And it's good that as a church, a universal global church, we have recognized that we need to pray for our cities. The reason they're just reading a couple of articles, and the article showed about the nation, the United Nations of America, the USA, how it's a Christian nation, but there is so much that is happening there. That is hurting God so much. We call it the present day sort of in Hamorra. Churches are growing, but people don't know God. And so we must pray. We must put our heart in and pray for the cities. Now, here's the interesting thing. The rewards for this faithful service of praying at this present age results in authorities over cities in the Medellinia. So that means during the thousand-year reign, if here we have been faithful and praying for our city, God can say, okay, you can look after this portion of the city in Jerusalem during the Medellinia. Imagine that reward. The Lord Jesus Himself. You know, in the Medellinia, Jesus is coming. Jesus Himself will say it. Now, some of us may say, oh, who's going to wait till the millennium? This is just an additional point. God will reward us for our efforts and for praying and being honest. The Bible itself closes in the book of Revelation with the Holy City of Jerusalem, where the new heavens and the new earth comes in. Jesus Himself is coming to be on this new earth. So what we want to leave from this chapter is have a heart for the city. Even before you reach out, even before you start your ministries, even before you plan to plant churches, plant ministries, have a heart for the city. If you don't have a heart, sit in God's presence, pray and ask God, God, give me a heart for the city. Or I'm going to another nation, God, give me a heart. If you look at church history, you see these wonderful men and women of God. How are they able to do so much? The William Carrion. Nothing. He's such an insignificant person, child's coercion, insignificant. They don't have great decrees. But how are they able to come to a different nation? Have you ever thought of that? Coming to a different nation, starting something here and just doing such a great work even now, years later, thousands of years later, we are talking about them. It's because they had a heart for the city. So let's look at some of the natural dynamics of urban centers. Now, urban cities, how is it different from a village? Maybe we can share our thoughts here. How is a city different from a village? What do you think sets a city apart from a village? And I'm sure we'll have a lot of thoughts. Would anyone like to share a city and a village? What differentiates us? Anyone like to share? It's just the natural things, natural dynamics. What is there? The culture and practices. So in culture and practices, can you share one or two points? Anyone else too can share. There is a lot of difference. There are cultural differences. Practices are different, but can we specify some of the things? Lighting cities are busy and fast paced whereas in the villages, it is a small settlement with a small group of people. Very true. Thank you. City life is fast paced. Go ahead. I believe even the needs are different for the city and for the village. I've did some village ministries in the past four months and their practices are different, their lifestyle is different and what they expect also was very different. Even the needs change from a city to a village and sometimes even we have to change the way of reaching so that they can understand and I believe there is a lot more changes than you could ever think about. Very true. In a village, in a city we may need our own house but in a village, if they have one tree which gives shade, they are more than happy. Just an example. You see the needs are so different. Subashi says intellectuals and influencers if they can be reached, they have the capacity to reach other cities and nations as well. Anything else? If you look at villages, even when you talk about social media and all of these platforms are there, the usage is much, much lesser and then you can also talk about the mindset, the understanding, what kind of mindset they have, the grasping ability. For example, we can't go to the village and teach about revelations. It's not going to help them. There are different mindsets. Their level of understanding also is very different. There are many, many differences between cities and villages. Let's understand the natural and spiritual dynamics that prevail over us. What are the natural dynamics? The history of the city is very important. We look at it and say, who was it? When was it established? Then you have the political environment. The economy is very important. How is the per capita of the economy? If the economy is good, you've got better jobs, you've got better facilities, you've got people coming into the city, you've got more work opportunities, more work is more income, more income is more tax, more tax is helping the economy. Obviously, in villages it's not so.  It's not going to directly affect the town or the village. Then you've got demographics, natural dynamics, age distribution, language, cultural backgrounds, senior citizens, young people. If you look at cities, young people, we know that the city of Bangalore is one of the highest Instagram users in the world. I was so surprised to read that. In the world, the Instagram users, so that means what, you've got probably 5th grade and 6th grade kids were probably 10, 20 years old starting to use Instagram and the demographics have changed. You've got socio-economic issues, you've got education, people coming in for education. The education levels have changed, but we were growing up, you've got first standard to 10th standard, you get into a college and then you get a job. But now you've got so many things available, so many streams that are available. Distribution of educational systems, industrial hubs, women workers, employment, disabled population. So all of these are the natural dynamics. Now, question, why is it important for us to understand the natural dynamics of a city when planning to do a church plan or a church ministry? Why should I understand the dynamics? I will go, I will start the church and I will pray for the city, pray for people and God, you bring the people. Isn't that just enough? So maybe you can share. Why is it important that we must look at the natural dynamics? Anyone would like to share? John, would you like to share? Go ahead. I think even when we look at the life of all, you know, differently to current events, differently to the other cities that we went actually. So the needs changes, the people are in different circumstances. So I think basically we need that idea of how the city works, what's the background and everything. So that we know to preach at their name. There's a verse that says, a timely word is so sweet to the heart. So I think that's one of the reasons all this gospel is just enough we don't need current events. So from the life of all, that's one thing that I understood. He was Jews for the Jews, Gentiles for the Gentiles. So that's one of the quality that I think we all should definitely have so that we can preach the word in the right manner. That's perfect. That's very good. This is a good example of the Apostle Paul. Wherever he went, all the churches that he started there, he knew the natural dynamics of the area. So Acts 17, we do this in the life side of Angeles where he goes to Coran, Athens and he tries to figure out what kind of people they are, what kind of, you know, what is their belief system. He figured out the natural dynamics that they went in the other churches that he, other places that he visited. And yeah, anyone else would like to share? John, would you like to share what are some of the, I know that, so most of us may know John is reading the church in Mangalore. So John, would you like to share like what are the dynamics that you probably noticed that is different from the city of, that you live in and know that you're serving in a different city, what are some of the natural dynamics that you had to, you know, learn over time. And others too can share if you'd like to, you can also share. Would you like to share, John? Anyone else would like to share? Okay, Pastor, I would like to share my personal point of in this regard. I'm from and I recently shifted to Pune. So what I'm realizing is like in the east, I live in the east and the sun used to rise very early in the morning, by far it's so bright, but here in Pune, you know, for it's still dark. And what we do in Kohima was we do ministry during the daytime but now here I'm realizing, you know, only in the evening most of the people are available. So we do house meeting, cell meeting, everything is in the evening around seven, eight and all those things. That's the difference I'm noticing and it's good that I'm learning to adjust and I'm learning from here. Yeah. Yeah, very, very important. Yes, definitely. So one, see, national dynamics don't need to be super spiritual. All these people are it is a simple thing. So Zeddy is from northeast. I remember when I went to Kohima, they came at 4 a.m. with the breakfast. I was wondering why why 4 a.m. breakfast, but that's how it is. This day starts off really early and and so now when you come to a city like Pune in Mumbai or Bangalore, it's time in the day we can go for house visits from the daytime because everyone are working they get back home and sometimes you know practically you see Monday to Friday also they would prefer to just be resting so they prefer a Saturday which is their day off and then Sunday they keep it for family and so that's how it is now we can't get angry and say you don't love God. It doesn't make sense. So these are things that we must keep in mind. Anyone else would like to share why is it important to understand the natural dynamics and so there are few points here let's just go over this and we understand the natural dynamics especially before starting a ministry we get a feel for the city as a whole so we basically tend to understand like okay what will work what may work what may not work what are the changes that you must make when we are planning to start a church or a ministry and secondly this will help us to pray for the city when we know the dynamics of the city so you got some cities who are you know they have this certain kind of problem and then you have another city which is another kind of problem so even as we are praying we know we ask God to give us a heart a heart of compassion towards the city and then this will allow us to allow God to place specific area of needs into our hearts so now each one of us we have different kinds of desires we have different kinds of burdens that God puts in our heart now not all of us can be a mother terrorist because she did a brilliant work of that burden in her but not all of them can you know but she may not be able to do some of the things that others may do because God put burdens in different ways so even as we pray for the city we can ask God God give us a burden for this right and finally it will be also important for us to develop strategies for the city what kind of strategies are we going to develop to minister to the city so it's very important whether it's a city town village to get a feel of what's happening understand the dynamics of the city and that will help us next week I'll just share about exploring Kabul and how launching ABC Delacate how pastor was able to the past small team was able to start ABC Delacate which later came to be ABC right so let's stop here thank you so much okay thank you so much have a great week ahead catch up next week God bless have a good day leaving


I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad and the lecture will be in bilingual mode and will be useful for various teaching examinations to subscribe my channel and today I am going to discuss a very important theory of personality that is Karl Broger's theory of personality. So let's start. Karl Broger's. We are studying personality, we have a concept of personality and we have a very interesting theory of personality on the theory of pride and it is very interesting theory and it is very useful and it is very useful for us. It is very fun to know that such things have been said, there are a lot of researches, there are a lot of critiques and we have to study a lot of theories from which there are Fried, Rogers, Cattle, Isink and Ericsson. So from which I have chosen Karl Broger's. So who was Karl Broger's? Karl Broger's was a humanistic psychologist. We will have to pay attention to this that this personality has become a humanist. Who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow. Maybe he is an individual or a student of any discipline but he studies the theory of Abraham Maslow. He studies in management, in education, in psychology, in every discipline I can think of that we study Abraham Maslow's theory. What is Abraham Maslow's theory? That he did not study the theory of self-actualization, that there are many needs, there is a man of hierarchy, there is a clear arrangement of hierarchy and what is his main goal? That he can pass the stage of self-actualization. So Karl Broger's was also a humanistic psychologist and he was very patient. He was patient that what Abraham Maslow was talking about. He believed that humans have a basic motive. He also believed that a man has a basic motive. That is the tendency to self-actualize as Abraham Maslow was saying. That is to fulfill one's potential. So that we can fulfill the potential, the capacity, the ability and the ability within us and achieve the highest level of human beingness we can. And as a human being, we can achieve the highest level of human beingness. As a human being, we can achieve such a basic motive within humans. He believed in Abraham Maslow and that is why he was called a humanistic psychologist. Rojas rejected the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviorism. He was the first person to talk about the knowledge of the mind, but he also rejected the behavior of the devils and he rejected the psychoanalysis of the fried. Why? Because psychoanalysis is very deterministic. And behaviorism is only about behavior. Psychoanalysis is about everything, but it is not. And he maintained that we behave as we do. He said that we behave the way we behave as we do. We behave the way we behave because of the way we perceive our situation. And the most emphasis on that is how we perceive the situation. In the same way, we behave the way we behave as no one else can know how we perceive. We are the best experts on ourselves. can't even tell you how we perceive things. It's completely personal. It's completely subjective. No one in the world can know how I perceived an incident. That's why we are the best experts. No one knows anything better than us. According to Karl Rogers. Then what is the self-actualization that Karl Rogers is talking about? He is saying that the organism has one basic tendency. The organism has a basic nature. The basic nature of the organism is what it wants to do. Striving to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism. That is, the living organism wants to make it better. It wants to be aggressive. This is a basic tendency of the human being. Then what is he saying? He believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization, he is saying that if we want to achieve the state of self-actualization, they must be in a state of congruence. He is talking about congruence. He is saying that there should be a situation in front of the person. Who should be in front of the person? This means that self-actualization occurs when a person's ideal self is congruent with their self-image or actual behavior. We all have some thoughts about ourselves. We feel that we are such people. We feel that we are very honest, we are very good, we are very hard-working, we are very disciplined, we are very punctual, we take things seriously. We have such an ideal self, we think about ourselves. And one is actual self, self-image, which we actually behave. And how does self-image turn into perception of people? What do people say about us? Suppose that I believe that I am a very hard-working person. But the other self-image is that some people say that they don't take things seriously, they don't work well, they don't work hard, they don't work hard, they don't work hard. So what will happen? I believe that I am a hard-working person. But the image that is being made is distorting my image that it is saying that I am not a hard-working person. So what will happen? The situation in front of the person will not be like that. And when the situation in front of the person will not be like that, the state of self-exualization will not be like that. It is the purpose of each person to seek congruence or balance. They are saying that the purpose of the person is to keep the balance. There are three areas in his life. The balance is achieved with self-exualization. Self-exualization will be the balance. And there are three areas. Self-worth, self-image and ideal self. I will talk about these three. Self-worth, what do we give ourselves as? What is our image? What is our ideal form? Look at this. Look at this. It is not touching anywhere. It is not overlapping anywhere. Self-worth is different. Self-image is different. Ideal self is different. So what is this state made of? In congruence. That is, the front is not here. And as long as the front is not here, there will be self-exualization. As long as there is self-exualization, the organism that is there, can not reach the right direction. And when will the congruence state come? When the self-worth has some part of the self-image. Self-image, self-worth. This means there is some common. Ideal self is overlapping. That means, the value we apply about ourselves, the image we have and the motherhood we want, whether we are or we are, they are overlapping each other. Then it is the state of congruence. When there is congruence, there will be balance. When there is balance, there will be self-exualization. When there is self-exualization, things will be better. According to Rogers. You can say that the same personality will come out. Because we are talking about personality here. Then what is self-exualization? Self-exualization is impossible. If these images, especially self-image and ideal self, do not overlap. They are saying that if self-image and ideal self did not overlap, then our state of self-exualization will never come. This is so-called incongruent view. And what will we say that the situation in front was not made. And the role of therapist. Look, the role of therapy has come here. We will have to move forward. We will have to move forward. Because Rogers is very important in counseling. Look, one thing I want to tell you is that when we are in student life, we read things like compartment. We are not able to link that why these things are here and there. Like we used to read psychology, so we used to read Rogers, read his theory, read personality, remove it. Then we used to read the guidance counseling course. Even there, we used to read Rogers in counseling. But sometimes, you can say, we are not able to link that why Rogers is being taught here and there. The theory is that it does not take so much time. It does not take so much time. It does not take so much time. But now you can understand that after this, what is going on with therapy? What will happen in counseling? Why? Because it is one-to-one. We want to counsel our clients in this way. The guidance is a wider area. So therapy is also their job. That is why there is a word therapist or therapy here. So they are saying that when it is incongruent, meaning that our ideal self and our self-image is not able to overlap with each other, then what should be the role of the therapist's therapy? Is to transform this view to a congruent one. This means that we have to go from incongruent to congruent. Both by adjusting person's perception of self-image and self-worth, as well as making an ideal self more realistic. There are three ways. We adjust the perception of our self-image, adjust the self-worth, and make the ideal self a little realistic. If it is around a little distance, then it will match. We have made the ideal self so high that it is not able to reach the self-image and self-worth. Then the self-actualization process will lead to increasing overlap between these areas and will contribute to person's satisfaction with life. Here, this little portion, which is overlap, but here, wider portion has been overlapped. Hence, this state is the state of congruence. This state is the state of incongruence. Here, self-actualization cannot take place. Here, self-actualization can take place. And when self-actualization takes place, everything will be fair and good. Okay? Then self. What do we say about self? Carl Rogers is saying that he is humanistic. He is humanistic. The self is the humanistic term for who we really are as a person. The person we are, the person we are, you have given the name of that person. And if we talk about the fried person, then the big fried person, who is called Super Ego, Carl Rogers is saying that. The self is our inner personality. We are Super Ego. In the same way, he is saying that self is our inner personality and can be linked to the soul or fried psyche. Two primary sources that influence our self-concept are childhood experiences and evaluation. The most influential part of our self-concept is the experience of our childhood. The experience we get in childhood and the other things that we look at, we make our self-image. So, there are three things in the concept of self that I have just mentioned. Self-worth, self-image and ideal self. Self-worth is self-esteem. Comprises what we think about ourselves. Meaning, what we think about ourselves is our value. Rogers, with the feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood sorry and were formed from the interactions of the child with the parents. The concept of self-worth developed in the early childhood of the child and how it was developed. The interaction of the child with the parents with our community with our localities with our neighbors with our relatives then what is self-image? How we see ourselves what we think which is important for good psychological health. If our minds are healthy then we see ourselves well. Self-image includes the influence of our body image and our inner personality. If our body image is good then self-image is good. Self-image affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves in the world. And in this, everything comes that how a person thinks how he feels and what is the ideal self? This is the person who we would like to be. This is the concept this is the imaginary form as we want to be. It consists of our goals and emissions in life and this is dynamic, that is forever changing. What is our goal what are our wishes and that is why dynamic is the most important because what we wanted to be what we wanted to be in our younger stage we didn't want to be in mature stage because our goal means it keeps changing that is why this concept keeps changing that is why it is called static and dynamic. In the concept of self-image self-worth, self-image and ideal self these three things will come. Then what comes to your mind is that we have to talk about what Carl Rogers has said on personality. Why was he a humanistic psychologist? Then deviating from other schools of thought means that other schools of thought which are going on personality on which the conversation is going on humanistic perspective on personality proposes that our motivations are fueled by good intentions with self-efficacy and growth being personal concerns. They are saying that the motivation which we have to pray to God means who is giving it who is giving it good intentions with self-efficacy and growth being personal concerns. Then personality is conceptualized as a framework designed to encourage fully functioning person. Many of us will get a concept like Carl Rogers has said which is a fully functioning person. They say that the personality which they have created should be like that that we get a fully functioning person. Then unlike behaviorism based on behavior humanism is not focused on external influences. Everything which is observable which is behavior which we can observe but humanism doesn't focus on external influences. And unlike the Freudian approach and the Freudian approach because he said that humanism does not emphasize unconscious values but says that everything is being governed unconsciously. Instead, humanism takes a holistic approach to the individual this ethical concerns and value system his choices and his evolving nature. They are saying that humanism is a holistic approach which means that the ethical concerns and value system and choices are evolving as an individual. Then his personality proposes a self-actualizing tendency as a foundation of personality development. We are saying that as soon as he reaches the state of self-actualizing that means his personality will be better. Then among the most significant key points of Rogers approach is its redefining of the therapeutic relationship. He has talked a lot about therapy and his most significant key point is that Bindu is his theory. He is saying that we have to redefine and redefine it. Rogers impacted the School of Humanism by formulating a therapeutic approach known as Client-Centered Therapy. That is why when he was working on it he took out a new approach to the Client-Centered Therapy. Let's talk about it. It is said that a person is open to experience that means that he wants to be more experienced he gives strength on existential living he gives strength on experiences of self-image and your ideal self and self-worth will come in the state of congruence. Creative, fun, real life means that the personality of such an individual will be fully functional according to Rogers. Then what is Client-Centered Therapy? Rogers argued that for the therapist or patient relationship to be effective it must include an intentional relationship built on mutual trust and respect. He is saying that when we have to give therapy to someone then the therapist and the client should have a trust relationship mutual trust and respect then he will share with you then he will build a rapport and will get things out and the problem can be solved. According to him an orderly process of client self discovered in actualization sorry and actualization occurs in response to the therapist's consistent empathic understanding of acceptance of and respect for the client's frame. So here self-discovery and actualization should be done according to client self-discovery and actualization of client self-discovery and actualization of client self-discovery and actualization then also known as non-directive person-centered and rogerian therapy. This is also called non-directive therapy which is also known as rogerian therapy. Then we have read a lot of things like we have read a lot of things like self-ideal, self-worth, self-image which should be congruent then we will have self-actualization and self-actualization then we will have personality. We have read Abraham Maslow and his self-actualization and his hierarchy. But when we solve objective questions then if he will ask us a phenomenal field then we will say we have not studied rogers in our theory then how we will put a tick on a phenomenal field and how we will connect it with rogers. But I will try to put all these things in one lecture so that at least what is a phenomenal field? The reality we observe is really a private world of experience which is said that everything depends on perception. How I perceive it, how I know things, no one else can know. That is why they say that the reality is a private world of experience. It is not a ordinary world of experience, it is my own private. It is a phenomenal field. It is our unique perception that we have perceived. The domain of subjective perceptions that makes up the totality of our experience. And the subjective perception in which our object is called the object is called the object. Because of which our experiences are of that time. This consists of perceived reality. It is said that it is the priority given to what a person understands to be true. When we need to provide therapy, who should we give priority to? The person who is right, according to the person, the perception of reality is rather than what actually is true. This is not the truth. The person who is right, then we can talk to him, then we can deal with him, then we can discuss with him, then we can solve his problems. In accordance to Rogers. Rogers is saying that counseling means that first you enter in a phenomenal field and look at the client's frame. See how many objects have come in. People have come, thoughts, images, behaviors, this environment and learning is getting the individual motivation from here. Contribution. What has Rogers contributed to psychology? Client-centered therapy the most important point. Unconditional positive regard we have to show to the client that we are unconditionally with him. We have not put any conditions that you will do this, then we will do this. You will do whatever you will do right, then we will reach your level and we will be able to take out and tell you the right path. So unconditional positive regard is the foremost you can say foundation store of client-centered therapy. Then egalitarian counseling relationships, reflection as a therapeutic technique and a counseling theory to train on. You have always said that we can give guidance un-trained personnel can also provide guidance. But to provide counseling we have to have training of that. We have to take training for that only then we can be a counselor. Then, okay, I have completed one more topic of personality that is Carl Rogers theory of personality development. I am so sorry because I am yawning. I think I am running out of time. I am not feeling sleepy today. Okay, so thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel and to find this channel in today's program scan to join type explore education. Okay, and join telegram group. When I have completed the concept of personality then I will send you all of them in text, in English and in Hindi. You will get learning material from there. You have to talk to me, you have to give me some feedback. Okay, done from my side.


What's going on everyone Sam here late in sports cards. We are ripping 22 Allen and Ginter baseball hobby 12 box full case break number two Random team style. Here's a look again at our random results As always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat So good luck everybody. It's my first time ripping into her over on the channel. So I'm really excited gonna be a lot of fun Always a very anticipated MLB release I mean and technically half the time it's not even MLB. It's you know, not MLB stuff Which is always fun, too Some of the cards in here really really cool checklist for some not MLB wraps, too I was taking a look at it. It's up. Joshua. It's taking a look at it earlier today. So Yeah, it's gonna be a good time. Good luck here everybody Yeah, it's our box topper Open that first Yeah, now we're using the camp. We're having so many audio issues Joshua It's just been pretty much non-stop. So it's just gonna have to work for today And then we're gonna have to look into it There's your box stoppers gonna be Shohei Otani for the angels Nice one there. Nice Otani Alright, let's get right into it. Everybody. Here we go. Thomas rookie Say a mini of fire alarm What's cooking hot sauce Aaron judge There's another mini that's gonna be of Andrew McCutcheon Not numbered and Max Scherzer pitching a gem on the insert for the Mets These are called love the feel of things. I have to say like the the classic like canvassie Josiah Gray rookie. There's a mini of Boba Shat not numbered and 1999 Si young for Pedro for the Red Sox nice one there Let's keep us updated to if Sounds moral the sounds more off exactly exactly mini of Max Muncie not numbered and 1960 NLM VP Bob Gibson for the Cardinals this one there one of the mean guys of the MLB is a loco Not numbered that's gonna be a Relic card of Charlotte North La Crosse player Very cool. That is La Crosse So I'll be going to the all a non MLB cards with Nicholas. I that's really cool This is the really fun part about getting to right here is some of the stuff that you can pull So there you go Charlotte North as our first hit of the break who would have thought that mini Jim Tomei that's not gonna be numbered as well as a Hammer and Hank Aaron 1957 NLM VP Robles some mallard on The duck and famous rivals New York slice versus Chicago deep dish mean it's pretty easy choice here We have the best pizza in the world and we have casserole Don't piss a lot of people off right there. They're really gonna get a lot of people going right there Jaren Durant Kind of yeah, we're getting a little bit better here. That's gonna be Nicoladola Ryan Mountcastle on the mini And Alan and Ginzer Shane Bieber pitching a gem. Yeah rip card would be awesome Oh, yeah, that's sick Got Ronnie Chang Mike trout Oh Magic Matt bring in some insight here to Jack Flaherty mini potato chips That's Hank Aaron mini nice one there and Roberto Clemente Supra Mars Bradley B. Oh, that's always cool to have that Neil more and catch up What's cooking get a lot of cards out of this non MLB spot, which is pretty cool as well. So See what else we're gonna be rocking with here mini of frozen rope Willie Mace There is a Devin Williams on the Allen and Ginzer Jersey card nice one there for the brew crew not numbered There you go Milwaukee Very nice Asus Lazardo, that's not numbered pitching a gem is Roger Clemens, there's Eddie Murray Mini and a Rania Rosarana ALCS MVP got you so good in that ALCS Everybody forgets that not forgets it, but like it's just been so long since then Steven Kwan hit the Kwan There's nice Bobby Wood jr. Mini rookie nice one there for the Royals Congrats Royals saving Vaughn right there Yep Vaughn and what's cooking international coffee day annual Rivera? Matt Manning rookie Mini Brendan Crawford and Cy Young is Justin Verlander and I had that 2022 now that's Cy Young cards Garrett Cole Brian de la Cruz That's gonna be mini of what a steal that's pretty cool ski lift and What's cooking Worcestershire sauce Jose Siri? Mini Joe Maurer twins not numbered and Mickey again. That's a triple crown AL MVP Gypsy Queen or Allen gives I like Gypsy Queen a lot. I like them both. They're both pretty awesome There is a rookie mini hunter green for the Reds And a pitching a gem Pedro and Joe West. That's funny. What are you three? there's Sean Murphy and Taylor Ham versus pork roll famous rivals That's pretty cool Don't really have an opinion on either. I got to be honest I'll be giving my opinions on all of the famous rival cards. Don't you worry we've got That is Luke Westman tattoo artist Memorabilia card congrats on that one again Nicholas Not MLB card. That's awesome Wonder what that's from there's a the dog Ruhon mini Rookie and Cy Young is a Clayton Hershaw O'Neal Cruz rookie Jeremy Pena rookie there is a Sendog mini and pork roll food card Coby Coby Michael Jordan There's one guy who came into chat one day We've got ducks on the pond mini and Greg max Just gets cut you get a boatload of cards in that non MLB spot There's mini Nolan Ryan and pitching a gem is match or Steven Strasberg All right, that'll do it for box one Parallels get sorted out. I'll start doing that for me for sure that we don't need that cool Same so just put though. I'll put those in the same as like the the non MLB stuff to Yeah, okay, cool. All right easy enough. What about rookies? All right, let's do our box stop refers to here Poor pearl goes for 5k Box stopper Fernando Tati's jr. Nice one there for the Padres Tati's All right, here we go. Good luck got Brandon Crawford Alan and Ginter materials not numbered Nice one there congrats on that one Giants Got Horowitz and chicken jam is a jacob-a-gram Jose Siri, there's many of Ryan Mount Castle and Rookie of the Year Jonathan India from 2021 banner season Yeah, oh, that's sick Alice Cooper On the memorabilia card. That's awesome. Nicholas. I again picking up another awesome car. Congrats, buddy That's awesome Alice Cooper manual Rivera Rookie Mini and Saiyung is perky Jenkins that is Blake Snell and National Chicken Parm Day Nice, I can get behind that I'm all in on National Chicken Parm Day Right, that's what I'm saying honestly I'm with you there Anthony Rizzo George Kirby Rookie. There's a mini of the Big Her and Robin Yelp AL MVP If we're so weird seeing the brewers as Al forgot they were an AL team way back when it's Cal Raleigh You know in one caught up Gabriel Arias Griffey and Pete Alonzo sub cop sup Riley How you guys doing? Lucius Fox There's a mini of Jackie Robinson. Nice one there. I've got a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. That sounds good I love a good PB and Jack nice glass of milk with it Unbeatable Drew Ellis that Lawrence to now Jonathan Taylor There's Josh Donaldson and Ichiro 2001 AL rookie the year. I think you want MVP that year too if I'm not mistaken It's warm down here. It's cold up. It's cold here, man There is inside the park can I fjords and National chocolate day Another thing I can get behind Guido There is a cycle baseball Lexicon and famous rivals England versus France Not really gonna. I don't have too much of a Too much of a swing either way on that, but you guys be the judge. I would say Hank Aaron It's mini of Pujols and pitching a gem Bob Feller for the Indians guardians I should say there is Crawford Brandon Crawford Reggie Jackson O'Neill Cruz rookie inside the park of Shinadoa and National running day that not something I won't get behind She's Riley my friends Mini Christian yellow pitching a gem is a Fergie Jenkins there's a Johan Duran on the mini and And Was that Frank Robinson a LMVP we've got mini of Noah Cindergarde and Apple cider vinegar What's cooking a back door? It's a 1965 on VP for the Higante's mini of John Schuster Let's see a curler. Nice and Italian sub nice. Oh, yeah There's one I'll get behind right there Love a good Italian Stephen Kwan rookie the Horner Austin Meadows and Mark McGuire there is Link stat and National hot dog day. Oh, yeah There we go. Yes, we do we do try. I love Jersey Mike's Big Jersey Mike's guy Alec Thomas on the rookie Mini Frank Robinson pitching a gem Corbin Burns Molly and I'm Mike's famous cheesesteak. That's my go-to right there Scott Hansen seven hours of commercial free football. We've got Lars new bar. Nice On the gypsy Queen framed auto Congrats on that one there Cardinals. Let's take a nice new bar Lars Jim Thomas and Fred Lynn Wander rookie first one in a couple boxes that is Ariel Torres and Mashed potatoes no mustard powder. Whoops. I know what's cooking V-doll Ruhon there is a Alex Bregman and Manrim World Series MVP Here your inserts well and We're on the box three Oversized box what they call this box loader We're just calling it box hopper. We've got another Fernando Tatis Jr. for the Padres, that's Padres Tatis numero dos See we can pull the rip card on that'd be cool Bobby Whitt Rookie he tell Marta slamming Sammy. There's a Bill Mazurowski and pitching a gem at Steve Carlton Neither of which are numbered. There is TJ Friedel mini rookie and Ernie Banks MVP There's Chris Bryant. Nice one there on the back card. That's going to the Rockies. Congrats, Colorado Jordan D Not numbered Dallas Keichel and National Twins Day. That's cool Nice one there. So the Bellinger Um Prickly pear and Albert Pools. Oh nine MVP a rod Luke white Westman and Diamond crystal kosher salt set beer. It's a hundred green rookie Which Merrifield Dave Concepcion? There's Willie McCovey and Carly Ostrowski CJ Abrams right on top Ricky Henderson. There is a crooked number And famous rivals George Washington versus King George USA, baby Blew a 13 colony lead. I know I saw that Ed. That's awesome, dude Yeah, what'd you end up doing? There's Bryson stop or what do you think you're gonna do? Tom Glavin and Jim Palmer. There's Schuster and Shane Bieber pitching a gem couple of inserts Smart beer Phillies fan. Yeah, I keep that for sure Royce Lewis rookie Jayrod rookie Yeah, the sound quality. We're having issues with our mic right now me US famous rivals is East Coast versus West Coast East Coast Beast Coast, baby Okay, yeah, I got will with me here will does a lot of our IT As well and he's gonna look into it for us to wander mini rookie Yeah, Mike sound quality's a little off There is a Alex Rodriguez bat car Going to the Rangers No, you're good. No worries No worries Grand T-Tom and Cuban couple of minis in this one Buster Posey Tony sent Tion That you can jump Yep, see that's we missed our mini in that one mini Kittal Marta and National go fishing day nice That sounds fun Ken, how you doing, buddy? Sorry young Max Scherzer Nationals Max Scherzer say a Suzuki mini Mark McGuire and National slam dunk contest day Get me out there Start throwing down windmills. Oh, I would dunk on anybody in this chat right now. Howdy at Ramos Darian and Cal Ricken Jr Just any single person in this chat all 64 of you no one wants to smoke in a dunk contest There is the pizza man and Max Scherzer. All I know is I'm turning Travis into a poster Jerry's getting absolutely slammed on on a seven foot rim Aaron Ashby there's a John Smoltz on the jersey card for the Braves Nice one there. Congrats Braves Smolzy was a Tony Oliva in 21 Spencer Torpleson There's Glaber Got National Teacher's Day. Nice. That's that's awesome. Most underpaid professions in the entire world right there Blake Grace and And Was that Salvi I don't know why I couldn't think of that for a second. There is a inside the park and Other half barbecue sauce All right, so I tried to dunk and I ended up in the hospital says Ken I probably would too Ken. I'm gonna be honest with you All right, we see how we're looking on spots really quick and they're dropping guys a link to our next Break that has spots still which is UEFA Champions League breaking in About an hour or so Drop you guys this link. There's 10 to go 60 a spot Check it out out. We don't do a lot. I haven't been doing a ton of soccer outside of like the World Cup stuff So if you guys are Champions League fans, this is definitely the break for you. We have a ooh Got a box loader we got here Ernie Banks That's cool Nice one there congrats Cubs Have fun top loading that one Do you? Yeah, I'm gonna make a top loader for that Corey I won't be doing personal sports. They'll be doing personals later Forest is doing the group breaks tonight. I'm just doing the morning shift today Pudge Sayum Snowzilla national trading card day. Nice. There's Clayton Kershaw turkey club. That looks good I Could go for a turkey club right? I'd be a bad day to be a turkey club right now If I got my hands on one be a bad day Bobby Whit jr.  And that's who it is. How are you around most mini rookie? Derek Jeter Let us tomato mayo. Oh, yeah Beacon on there too. Whoo there's inside the park and Jorge Solaire world series MVP and Ashby Donovan there is Okay, and Otani MVP Feel like you got a book coming up in this break. I'll be in on that Gabriel arrives Rookie called the young Mini Bill Mazurowski national pajama day. Also nice CJ Abrams You darb There is nice Charlotte North on the on-card Alan and Ginter Otto that again is a look Women's lacrosse athlete right there. So that'll be going to the all-in-one MLB spot There's what a steal on a ski lift and Griffin jr. Mini rookie Cal Raleigh pitching a gem is Bob Gibson Paul can Erica and Bobfiller Yanni Hernandez Nolan Ryan Not a ton honestly. No Dale Very very few numbered cards in this There is a nice Albert Paul's going to the Cardinals on the framed bat card Jackie Robinson and Chili powder Max Freed Fresh ground black pepper Fantastic place Exactly some one-of-ones few to 99. Yeah, exactly a lot of times will be hand numbered the autographs to Torres and Williams, but you have very very few and far between On numbered cards There's wander mini rookie Aaron judge and and cayenne Many well that's pretty cool hand signed one-of-one. That's awesome Jim cat famous rivals Bush and Gore not gonna spark a political debate here, so move on Inside the park of Yellowstone and Tom 11 slamming Sammy and another slamming Sammy Torkelson rookie there is a jurors cart is Katal Marta for the Diamondbacks Nice one there not numbered Gaussman famous rivals Hamilton and Burr Remington and a rod MVP For the Yankees as a J rod rookie to ground Brandon March rookie mini and Corbin burns pitching a gem Willie McCobby and By me nice those are good too All right insert a rune Thanks Look here again everybody Oversized box loader. Yeah, show. Hey, Ohtani For the angels pitcher slash designated technically, yes Did they have to dig deep for some of these non bait some of them? Yeah There's always really cool ones every year though Like that they all the impractical jokers one year, which was really awesome Wonder Franco say a Suzuki Jera and Jeremy Pena there's cheese and Randy Johnson Siam We're having a little issue with our mic right now Tyler wills look gonna look into it after this break is over Nice Al K. Line on the rip card Congrats on that one there Tigers. Who's got Detroit? picking up a rip card Hi W there you go tie good luck See what you want to do the choice is yours Ricky Henderson pitching a gem Fergie Cal Ripken and hot dog get that bread mini rookie Colton Welker and Rod Karoo mini rookie Juan Miranda Or yeah, no Jose Miranda national ice cream day very nice Man on that for sure Babe root and mustard powder Got a bunch of breaks with spots this morning guys Take a look at a couple PYTs toward the end of the shift Including for select H2 basketball Gabriel Arias rookie Man ran rookie. They're not rookie MVP So take a look if you guys are interested in some of the newer I would say Scott Hansen all that's so cool nice one there sports host Seven hours of commercial free football Hermand Marquez and rookie of the year Mark McGuire Yeah Such a cool card Urias national hot dog bet fireworks and Fred Lynn Jonathan India famous rival rivals Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant Josh Landsteiner Shane Beaver pitching a jump mini Charlotte North and to ground Pitilanzo Sayang Fergie Jenkins national chicken parm day again All in on that Oh God be so good Juan Stephen Juan rookie there is Monty Irvin and Robin Yeo. It's gonna say Monty. I didn't want to sound stupid if it was wrong We've got Corbin Burns on the Allen and get their jersey card nice one there congrats a brew crew again Victor Robles and national running day something I Can't go for right there. I Could do it probably don't want to go. Yeah, honestly duck Frank Robinson MVP and famous rivals England France clean up and red jacket Sean Murphy pitching a gym gym Palmer Chanager and Apple cider vinegar Jose Berrios the Italian sub still inside the park and Jonathan India I'll do it for that box See how this is looking Down to nine to go now nine to go breaking soon is stadium club at UEFA Champions League soccer Random team style $60 gets you either a team or a combo Got a box loader in this one nice Bobby Witt jr. There you go Vaughan with the Royals Mariano and Peter Lanza to New Yorkers. There's Paul Conerico nice burger. That looks good Clayton Kershaw Famous rivals Yanks Red Sox. I think we know who wins that one left side left side best side Same here Shraab dude Everything looks so good Frank Thomas saw young Roger Cummins Luje is right now with Thomas mini rookie Meatball sub nice that looks fantastic be a bad day to be a meatball sub to got Rembutin and Brace Harbor MVP Alec Thomas put you can Jen Walker Bueller Side the food please. There's a Torkelson Roy Campanella national pajama day There's Jersey cart gonna be Mike Moustakis the moose going to the Reds Bratz Cincinnati Hermione Marquez national dog day Thomas Allen and Jinter Full-size card nice congrats diamondbacks on the redemption. I don't know what that means, but congrats diamondbacks. That's still pretty cool I guess so me it doesn't say autograph on it. I don't think you're all right. Oh, is this a autograph? okay full and Frank Robbins said just completely missed like this that or maybe the box hopper Probably oversized oversized gotcha. Oh, that makes sense because they have so many minis in there. I guess you have to Yeah, I guess you have to nice Dick Allen MVP Griffey Jr. I completely just didn't even see autograph on that. I guess I was like wait what hold on hold the phone KB Chris Bryant going to the Rockies nice one there rocks Votto and fresh ground black pepper a couple inserts there set beer verlander dark brown sugar Spice card Tom Saver and then Donovan Willie Stardell. She's no Spencer Strider Greg Maddox. I know I was gonna say We'll make it happen somehow. We'll make it happen at Ernie Clement National Nurses Day Very cool on that Thank you to all the nurses out there mini J rod Joe Morgan J rod Sutcliffe New Jersey versus everyone Oh, that's great. God, that's fantastic Yep, so true being from the Northeast and couldn't be more true God, that's fantastic cheese dick Allen gosh, man each year oh and Jacob who's that was a barrier? Yeah, who's a bear? inserts Since you're from Jersey. I'm so sorry That is a pretty cool card be it like if you're from New Jersey, that's a card You almost have to have right there inside the park Yosemite oversized box topper Nice one there not MLB Get assigned by snooki. Oh, that'd be fantastic get assigned by everybody on the Jersey Shore What a steal manhole covers Robin yelp need a famous rivals of Florida and being normal. I think that would be good Contreras Hi young national running day. No, thank you. How's a l2 man? There is George Washington King George famous rivals You don't associate with snooki in the crew. There's Mark McGuire and Peter Lonzo, so I won't I won't catch you hanging out with the situation And I Won't I won't I won't see that anytime That kind of is disappointing honestly Kyle Tucker PB and Jay Absolutely not he says won't see you in the gym with Pauly D Manny Machado and Frank Robinson. There's a dust storm each year Danny Glover Luke Westman Telling so There's Aaron judge MVP, baby on the Jersey card nice one there Yanks Austin Hayes Bob Gibson silk Mark McGuire Soto national chocolate today Jazz chisel Randy Johnson Jersey card is Kyle talker going to the Stroh's Congrats Astro's Brendan Crawford and apple cider vinegar. That's chin music Cy Young Fergie Jenkins It's O'Neill Cruz rookie Mary Larkin pitching a gem the Express Nolan Ryan Tim Anderson England versus France. There is Jonathan Taylor on the Jersey card Nice one there all other non MLB spots national hot dog dead Joey Vado Jonathan Indian Joshua national chicken farm death You packs to go in this box guys. Good luck everybody Schwab's and Fred Lynn Amos Otis mustard powder inside the park rice canyon and man-ran on the MVP inserts and minis and All right on to the next one five more boxes and a book in common Heck yeah Drop you guys the link again to You wave for champions league top Austin club 9 to go Oversize box loader card Fracture book is cool That would be sick Vladding Jr. Lou Jase Alyssa Nair Stanton on the mini there's Jersey card. We've got Zach Wheeler going to the Phillies World Series hero right there Nice one there Grats Phillies Robin you out and Pedro Willie Maze in an international coffee day. I'm not a coffee guy Yeah, I'm actually not that I think about it. It's definitely better Like still don't really think I would drink it very much Yanni Hernandez and Clayton Kershaw But if you had like gun to my head, I had to drink coffee and be iced Inside the park and Pedro Yeah Yeah, right, right We've got a CJ Crone hand numbered 18 out of 25 nice one there for the rocks Congrats, Colorado nice CJ Crone His hand numbered ones are cool and Justin Berlander Hunter Green Hot Sauce dogs My dogs at Pedro Now With The checkout on the website I'll keep you updated Probably not Bobby. I got to be honest Virginia genetics. I Probably keep the Julio intact Burn burner Miguel Cabrera Like wormburner is more of a golf term now. I wonder rookie Joe West Hank Aaron So we're having issues with the website like checking out by any chance Matt just said people in his chat We're talking about they're having issues checking out So maybe I don't know if Shopify is having an issue. Maybe I got to see if there's any issues Issues on the water right now too active. Yep customers may encounter error messages and Actively something wrong with Shopify something wrong with Shopify If you have an issue checking out just keep crying. Oh Trevor Hoffman nice That's number nine of 25 for the Padres nice one there San Diego. Well, the best closers of all time Nice Trevor Campanella famous rivals good pizza versus casserole versus tomato casserole Inside the park Mike trout MVP Yeah, so if you guys are checking out just keep trying There might be an issue going on currently Well, there is will confirm there is an issue going on currently So if you guys are checking out with a break or a personal or something just keep keep trying Don't try too hard, but yes. Yes Yuli Gurriel pork roll Taylor ham It doesn't go through the first time give it like a second and then yeah to refresh or something Scott pitching a gem Clemens Red Sox Clemens Carlos Correa Mariana there's Jack Sawinsky mini rookie and Sayon Clemens Hirschhoff Dodgers Joe Maurer and Pastrami sandwich is Ace and a Rosarina ALCS MVP mini as well. All right next box. Good luck. I get everybody oversized box top Mike trout nice one there. All right Young general you Tom Sieber. Yeah, we're having a little bit of an audio. It just a lot of issues today Yeah, a lot of issues today. Lance McCullers chili powder. I'll work on it after the break. Yeah real quick If I can't get it worked, we're gonna have to deal with it today. Yeah Famous rivals Yankees Red Sox Aaron Judge Jersey card nice one there Yanks on the gray not number Joe Ryan rookie and Aaron Judge AL rookie of the year Tony Gwynn Roger Clemens is dogs meatballs up Wanda Franco mini Eric Holt Jayrod rookie The Grom guy Shopify should be working again Matt just sent me a tax saying Shopify is working again. If you were planning on checking out Give it a shot again. Should be good to go now Dallas Keichel and Willie Stargill Larry Walker national pajama death spent the Torkelson mini rookie Rice Harper MVP is Paul Kanerka and Griffey surgeon sir and Fresh ground of the last pepper forms the Matt Olson National dog that Matt Murphy Jose Berrios got a Alex Rodriguez bat guard for the Rangers MVP era Jackie and Joe Ryan. We've got Davey cuts Nice one there on the mini auto That's awesome barber Barberata Nice one there all non MLB spots National nurses that got Jersey Freddy Freeman going to the Braves nice one there Braves game war Many stop to a back there Jack Clarity CJ Abrams rookie Virginia Jem Zach Ranky is Rad Lopez Cosmer New Jersey versus everyone inserts Another UEFA spot came in Down to eight to go on that seven to go on that actually. Thank you guys seven to go We drop you guys that link again We'll get going on the next box Seven to go freaking soon box topper Lou Bob Nice one there for the white socks Sorry hot box So nice one there is a J rod I'm assuming these all kind of zinsters, right? Yeah, they're hot These all just go in the same pile Nice slow Grand Lee There's always one of these in every case. Yeah, I was gonna say that is pop our can of corn mustard powder Jeremy Pena rookie. It's nice Kyle Tucker on the two-color patch not numbered for the Stroh's Grats used to Brendan Marsh These go to each team the hot boxes Scott Hanson Fergie because these are like tactically considered parallels theoretically Cal Raleigh national hot dog that every opinion is worse than evenly Everything else. Yeah, sure. Oh sure. That makes sense each era Blake Snell national trading card day Fergie Jinx and Jacob DeGrone You know now auto Rod Carew going to the twins nice a Hall of Fame auto congrats 20s Rada Rue early pocket and rod crew and that one twins pack and its rivals Hamilton and Burke international ice cream that Teams are also on sale for our mix or not a mixer our PYT is a little bit later. Michelle. We west gulf nice gulf hit right there Going to the non MLB cards teams are on sale Grab those up for sure Box parallels are cool. I like them. Nice feel Gabriel Arias many rookie Yeah, like not problem, but they're right. Exactly. They're like foil. So like it's basically like a vintage foil kind of feel almost Urias and corporate To go in box Ten right here. What's cooking and last pack of this box on to box number 11 Good luck here. We'll be like five or so minutes behind. I would say after this Had a little bit of a mic issue in the beginning. So you had to start a little bit later Yeah, sure. No for sure Clayton Kershaw Yeah, something something weird for sure Eddie Matthews Jackie Robinson Yanni Hernandez is that Frankie? rookie of Shane boss and burger She's burger. Herbie Puckett World Series Willie Stargill Good Brian Hayes Bryce Harper. We've got Whit Merrifield on the rip card. There you go Vaughn Good luck Vaughn. Gotta let us know what you do with this one right here for the Royals Whit Merrifield rip card Good luck We've got when to go inside the park national and Did Vaughn hit the Super Jose last night? I don't know if he hit the Super. I hit him the Jose Altuve Super Out of Cosmic Chrome and a personal Two nights ago. That was on Wednesday World Series champions Freddie Freeman not numbered Many there's Josh Hader on the jury's car for the brew crew Larkin and Mattsu the World Series MTC Yeah, I don't think he hit the I don't know if he hit the the J-Rod last night But I know he was the What's it called for sure the Altuve on deck and pajama desk Yes, yeah, he hit the Jose's He hit the hose a O'Neill cruise Mini Warren spawn pitching a gem Danny Glover Riffy That was I was that Altuve. I was kind of nasty running out of chances. We're still believing good So I like to see trap These are insert insert. Yes, it's a good value break for sure You get a lot of cool stuff out of it Especially if you get the random and you got a team with a big rookie and I'm getting like Seven or eight in a full case at least You get like one a box of all the big guys There is a Labor torres pinstripe Jersey cart for the Yankees not numbered Rob Riggle and Teddy ball games Yeah, it's a lot of breaking but it's fun Like it only comes out once a year. We don't get a ton of it. So I Enjoy it Durian and New Jersey versus everyone. Yeah, dog. We we had the issue when we started streaming today. So we're We're gonna look to fix it after this next next break Red Sox Yankees on the famous rights. All right last box of the break. Good luck everybody Aaron judge box to offer Yankees Austin Meadows chili powder I'm good dog. How are you? I haven't been chilling for sure, man Trying to fill some breaks up today tool Aaron judge Bush and Gore There is Tyler McGill Nice one there for the Mets on the framed auto framed mini auto That's Matt's Cow Raleigh It's good to hear dog Jazz chiseled Tom Blavin L2 V8 turkey club Dick Allen. He's used to Lazardo Randy March rookie or hey solar ale or World Series MVP I should say Vladigrera senior erot. That is that's pretty cool actually Ian Grushka Musician look like the whole flowers there. That's awesome. I'm a shirt Not MLB Bobby Witt mini rookie bond me one Soto Derek cheater. There's Mallard national trading card Any Tim Anderson pitching a gem Garrett Colt caught stealing cayenne pepper full of minis in this one Joe Ryan Christian Yelich and Sammy Sosa Exactly up saying this one right here Yep, no mini, but that's burn Hamilton. All right last little stack of packs. Good luck here guys Rosenhaus hot dog. There is a jersey card Paul Gulchman going to the Cardinals Allen and Ginzer rock through Probably gonna skip the recap on this one. I think yeah, let's get the recap guys just because we're We got to work on the sound and then got to get into the next couple of breaks here Save ourselves a little bit of time is Rosenhaus and National ice cream day Ramirez Otani rookie M. J. Melendez and Otani soon ago Jackie Robert E. Lee you listies us grant and Vladdie and Randy Johnson that'll do for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up. We're moving into soccer


At a young age I was sexually groomed and sexually abused and it caused me to completely shut down my heart. I became very numb. I was literally a living walking dead person and as I was growing up I became anorexic, bulimic. I binged on food as well. I was full of anger and rage and had a lot of emotional pain and as I came into my 20s I had repressed a lot of these emotions and the memories of the abuse. So when I came into my 20s I came to know Jesus and as I started to know him better the emotions started coming up. I started knowing him and his healing power and as I started feeling his presence at times it started fleshing out some really horrible negative emotions inside of me and life got very very hard. I went from being completely numb and shut down to feeling deep emotions that were absolute agony that I couldn't handle. It's like when your hands get very cold they go numb and then when they start to warm up again it's actually excruciating pain. That's what it felt like with my heart. I was a medication for years and I went to many different places for help including Christian counseling, eating disorder clinics, sexual abuse places for women who've been sexually abused to help them and no matter what I went to it nothing helped and during this time my one consistent was Jesus. He was my answer. I would press into him.  I would tell God how angry I was no matter what I felt I always ran to God. I always went to him, talked to him, prayed to him and trusted him and during that time it was a good eight years of horrible emotional pain rejection abandonment just day after day of sobbing and sobbing. I never experienced a break from the pain. It was every day all day and if I was able to get any break from the pain the emotional pain it was maybe 30 seconds to maybe five minutes and it would last maybe once every few months I would feel that that relief and then it would all come back again and this went on for eight years it just kept going and going. I flew to Texas for help. I went I did many different things for help and nothing ever helped. I did this for four years pressing into God every day all day because I was desperate and slowly I did notice a few little differences here and there I started to have a little bit of hope a little bit of happiness but the emotions were still unbearable and my friend heard about Hungry Generation the conference raised to deliver conference with John Chi and I thought I would come along on a road trip I thought it'd be fun to do a road trip and at this point I had already hoped so many times I'd went different places and I'd hope that something would change but nothing ever changed and I remember sitting in the audience and just having so much fear such fear and terror inside of me and I realized that it was obviously demonic and I thought that I didn't have demonic anymore very much because I'd been told by another pastor that it was all in my head that if I change my thoughts it would all go away so I had been busy every day trying to change my thinking and just think on God all the time in his presence possible John Chi came and he prayed for me and it was like there was something that took over the control of my body I remember when he came towards me just the fear so much fear and my body like I was thrown backwards like my body is reacted and tried to escape from him going backwards to get away then after at the end he said that there was a spirit of suicide leaving me and that was interesting because many times I had tried to kill myself and then after the conference we we left to go back to Canada and for the first 20 minutes to half an hour I was just in the vehicle just sobbing and sobbing and I was thinking another conference that I left and nothing happened and I can't stand the pain but as we kept driving I was laying in the backseat and I just remember this incredible peace taking me over and this was a deep deep peace that I never felt before and before when I looked in the mirror I'd seen this hard arrogance and it could be mistaken for confidence but it was more of an arrogance and a pride that was in my eyes it was just this hardness this uncaring hardness that was in my eyes and when I looked in the mirror this time though it was this beautiful gentleness that I saw in my eyes so as the days progressed I noticed I could get into God's presence in minutes like the peace that was there before I had to focus and fight for it for ages but now it was just right there no matter where I went and people were also saying that I was a new person and I had a joy like in circumstances that would come up there was just more joy than ever before and also it when the demons left it felt like there was chains that were broken like something was broken inside of me so that it was able to release repressed memories and repressed emotions that were inside of me started coming up more after the Hungry Generation Deliverance Conference with John Chi I noticed that the repressed memories were coming up more and yes it was hard but at the same time it was good because they were going once and for all so I want to encourage people who come to a conference and get deliverance you may leave feeling horrible you may leave feeling bad but just know that something did happen and it might take an hour it might take a couple days for it to unfold and the things that you were doing before the conference you're pressing into God you're praying you may not have gotten very far doing that but when that once the demons leave you do the same things and you notice that you have an acceleration you've never experienced before things happen quicker and quicker faster and faster and you start shining more and more with the glory of God and I'm experiencing God like never before in my life I've never experienced good emotions but in the past little while I'm starting to feel joy peace contentment such good things and it's wonderful it's absolutely I'm a complete different person and I want to say thank you I'm Zion and that is my testimony


Interpol had consigned to us equipment for the use of our ports, not only in Naia, which is in Metro Manila, but also in the provinces in Sibu and in Sambuanga, our seaports there. It's the first time that we will have equipment, the mine device for the seaport, and I think this is the second that a device is consigned to the Manila airports. The officers are appreciating it and they're actually excited that all of them will be given a chance to use the device.


Maturity of a bond may be considered as nominal time period as stated by the issuer of the bond. But with reference to the bond holder, this definition may not be as much meaningful. In fact, duration is the effective time period covered by the promised cash flow of a bond. With reference to the changing interest rate environment, what duration is? It measures the average maturity of the bond's promised cash flows. It is a guide to sensitivity of a bond to interest rate changes. It is the weighted average of time on the bond's cash flows and these weights are the proportional of the present value of the individual payments of the bond as a whole which is termed as the bond's fair market price. Duration is equal to the maturity for zero coupon bonds because there is only one cash flow occurred at the end of the bonds. When zero coupon bonds duration is shorter than the maturity of all the bonds. The weights that is WT associated with the cash flow made at time t. In fact, this is the present value of all the cash flows divided by the bond's fair market price. Now to determine the weight of the individual cash flow, we need to divide the present value of the individual cash flow or the coupon value over the whole price of the bond. And that whole price is basically the fair market price of the bond. In this equation that we are seeing on the screen, why is the bonds YTM then the numerator is basically the present value of the cash flows accounted at the time t. The denominator is the value of all the bonds payments and that is the fair market price of the bond. All cash flows weights are equal to one or the sum of the weights is equal to one as sum of the cash flows discounted at YTM equals to the bonds market price. Now using all these values that we have earlier discussed, we get Macaulay's duration formula and their duration formula states that the cash flows at t times are multiplied with the individual weight of the individual cash flows. And their overall sum is termed as the bond's duration. Now duration leads to a key relationship between the change in the yield on the bond and the change in its price. So we can say that the change in price or the change in yield is basically the function of D and the change in yield. So price change is the function of D steric and the change in yield. And this D steric is termed as the modified or the Macaulay's duration. To understand this duration, we have an example here on the screen, we see that the duration of 8% coupon and 0 coupon bond each with two years to maturity. So we have two bonds computations here. The first half of the computation is about the 8% coupon bond and the second half is about the 0 coupon bond. We have two years semi-annual compounding. So we have four periods in all for the both bonds. We have the time until the last payment. It starts from six year, six a half year. Then it is one year goes to one and a half year and ends on two year. We have cash flows and of $40 for each half year period. And in the last period, we have two cash flows, the principal price, face value of the bond and the half year coupon payment. Then we are discounting these individual cash flows at YTM, which is 5% at the half year rate. Then we have the individual rates to determine this rate, we need to divide the individual cash flows present value over the sum of the present values. Then we have the sum of these rates and when we multiply the individual rate with the individual time of the periodic payment, we determine the overall duration of the individual bonds. For bond A, we have duration of 1.8852 years and for bond B, we have the duration of exactly the two, which is its nominal duration. So we see that the duration of the zero coupon bond is exactly equal to its time to maturity and the duration of two years bond is a shorter duration, which is 1.8852 years. So what is the importance of duration? Duration is a key concept in fixed income portfolio management because of three things. Number one, it is simply a summary static of the average effective maturity of the portfolio. Then it is an essential tool used in immunizing the portfolio from interest rate risk and third, it is a measure of interest rate sensitivity of a portfolio. Apart from these, the duration quantifies the relationship between bond prices, sensitivity to the interest rate changes and maturity. We can also see that the bond with equal duration will have equal interest rate sensitivity. For this, we have two bonds, bond A and bond B, both have maturity of two years. Bond A has a coupon interest rate of 8%, whereas the bond B is the zero coupon bond. The current price of bond A is 964.540 whereas the current price of bond B is 831.970. Both bonds have the YTM of 10% and we have already seen that the duration of these two bonds is equal, which is 1.8852 years. Now if we treat one period as a half year, then each bond's duration is 3.7704 SEMI annual periods and to determine the modified duration with 5% or the SEMI annual rate, we need to divide this nominal duration over 1.05 and both the bonds have SEMI annual duration of 3.591 period. Now suppose that SEMI annual interest rate increases by 1%, then what will be the effect on the bond prices? Certainly there would be the fall in the price. Then putting these value into this McCullis modified duration formula, we get our negative 0.03591% as a decline in the bond prices. If we want to confirm this decline, we have certain values like we have initial selling price that we have earlier seen, we have new selling price for bond A which is 964.1942 for bond B, we have new selling price of 831.6717. If we see the changes in the prices, we see that both the bonds have same decline in their prices and that decline we have just seen which is negative 0.0359%. Now what determine duration? We have certain rules here that determine the duration. These rules are in line with the diagram that we can see on the upper right column of the screen. The first rule is that the duration on a 0 copen bond equals its time to maturity. Holding maturity constant duration is higher when the copen rate is lower and that we can see for the bond having 15% copen rate and the bond having 3% copen rate. Then holding copen rate constant duration generally increases with time to maturity that we can see in the case of bond with 6% yield and the bond with 15% yield and copen rate of 3%. We also see that holding others factor constant duration is higher or longer when YTM is lower and that we can see in our diagram where the YTM is 6% and the duration is much higher over the other two bonds. Then we see that the minute or time just after a copen is paid duration jumps as the cash flows disappear and that we see in the diagram as well. Next we see that duration always increases with maturity for bonds selling at power or at a premium to power and final rule is that the duration of a level perpetuity is 1 plus Y divided by Y.