OK, so, welcome again to another live notice session with me, Patrick Munley. Before we get going here, as always, quick review with the risk disclaimer. As we know, trading any financial investment carries an inherent risk. And most importantly, the views expressed here today are solely mine. They're not indicative or representative of opinions held by Tick Mill UK Limited or Tick Mill Euro Limited. Before we jump into today's material, just a quick overview of my background. I've been involved in financial markets for 15 years now. I wasn't always involved in financial markets after I graduated from university. I joined a city consulting firm and after a couple of years learning the ropes left and did a start-up. Over a four to five year period that business went through some pretty rapid growth and I decided to cash in my stake and to explore my passion really for markets. I'd had a front row seat to the dotcom boom and bust and had seen people literally making lose a fortune in the markets at times overnight. So I started what I'd referred to loosely as gambling or meddling in the markets in late 2004 or 2005. Day trading the S&P 500, which at that stage was pretty much just trending to the upside. And I've made some initial gains and then some quite significant gains. And I thought that this is too good to be true. I should have been doing this all along. But as is often the case, my beginner's luck ran out. And I gave back all the gains in a pretty short period of time and then I actually took a six figure hit on my personal capital. So it was that stage that I decided I need to step back from what I was doing and assess the potential for me to either make money in the markets or to stop trading. So I sought out a mentor, someone who displayed excellence in the field of trading and worked with this guy for 18 months to two years. Not just upping my technical game, but more importantly, my mental game is a period during which I became far more self aware and made the important step of moving from being a goal orientated individual, which is what I needed to be in my prior commercial experience to actually becoming a process orientated individual. And there's a very distinct difference there in trading. Setting any type of near term goals with respect to your gains in the market or your returns in terms of financial returns is really is the wrong way to go about things. What you have to do in terms of being a professional trader is focus solely on process because if you have a process that has been solidly back tested and forward tested and you have a trading plan in place, then as long as you execute that plan over an extended series of outcomes, you should see a positive return, your age should demonstrate itself in trading. And so during that period I developed and rigorously back tested a business plan, trading plan and forward tested and then came back to the markets in 2008 with my own capital, obviously tumultuous year, not dissimilar, well in some ways to the year we're going through at the moment, but I actually was able to run out that year and at the end of the year have a positive return to do. Performance data you can see on the screens from 2013, that's because over that five year period from 2008 to 2013, friends and family saw what I was doing in the markets and they wanted a piece of the action. So I set up a managed accounts business, which has grown organically now, it's a multi-million dollar portfolio that I manage and the data is from when I started doing that service because I share that publicly for potential investors. So the most important figures really for me down here are the ones down here in the bottom corner. An average losing month I give back or lose 2.32%, an average winning month it's 7.96%. So if you extrapolate that out, you can see that more often than not I'm making two to three times what I lose and that is an important metric for long-term success and just going back really to that process every outcome mantra that I have, you can see here that I have losing months, I have multiple losing months, but what I keep doing and this is how you actually develop as a trader and develop a potential career is I just keep executing my strategy. I know that I can lose the next trade. Personally, I'm not emotionally invested at all in the outcome of the next trade or even the outcome of the next 10 trades where my focus lies is over the next 100 trades because I know that with a large enough sample size, mighty edge will demonstrate itself. And so that really is the key from my perspective anyway to making the change from being someone who's just dabbling or meddling in the markets is having that focus purely on process and letting the process and the execution of the process take care of the outcomes over time. So alongside my trading, obviously I'm a market expert in residence at Tick Mill where I provide a daily market outlook and a chart of the day or a set up for the day ahead. You can access that through the Tick Mill blog. You can even enter your email there and get those automatically sent to your inbox. The other project I'm involved in, which is a real passion project for me, is FX Korea Swap, an online trading education firm where I'm the head of trading and trader education. And the business really is about developing retail trading talents and taking traders through a process, a step-by-step process in terms of understanding the markets, then working with the strategies that I've used over the past 12 years to successfully navigate the markets. And then we actually, once you develop your business plan, your trading plan, we then actually fund you and then you basically overcome what I've deemed to be one of the biggest challenges for retail traders, which is capitalisation and a lot of traders, they have a plan to start trading, but what happens is because they're trading a small amount of capital, a relatively small amount of capital, that the professional risk management strategies that you need to employ to be successful over the long term, if you're making 20 or 30% a year, if that 20-30% is on a $1,000 or $2,000 account, that's not really going to move the needle with respect to your financial returns. So what we offer at FX Korea Swap is a significance, a $50k starting account, which you can actually grow up to $2 million. We're actually offering a 14-day free trial. I'll post a link in the chat for anyone who's interested in following up or would like to see or learn more about what we're doing at FX Korea Swap. So that gives you a flavour of where I'm coming from, and now let's move into the material I want to cover with you today. We're going to start by looking at the S&P 500. We're heading into the elections, and we're starting to see more and more rhetoric now as we've had the Democratic Party conference last week. Obviously, this will have virtually due to COVID, but this week we've had the Republican Party, we know who the candidates are now, and the election process is really getting underway. There's an interesting seasonal factor here with respect to certainly the S&P 500, and that's that the markets in election years, and you can see we're going all the way back to the start of the S&P in the lower section here in the 1950s, and more recently since 1995, have a clear pattern, and that's that the market has a tendency or a high probability to top out ahead of the election. So we're looking really at this August, September win, obviously we're coming to the back end of August now, but this August-September window has historically, and certainly over the last 70 years, and the last 25 years, seen a market top put in place, and this is because of the high degree of uncertainty about who the next president will be and how their policies are going to impact the market. And certainly from a regulatory perspective and from a policy stance and tax stance, markets have a tendency to want to take some exposure off the table ahead of the election. So that's why we tend to get this pattern where the S&P tops out into this late August, early to mid September. And so we want to be cognisant of that potential because these seasonal patterns have a tendency to replicate over time. Certainly if they don't repeat, they certainly rhyme. So we want to pay attention to this potential for a pullback here. And then we've got a couple of other charts here. This is the NASDAQ showing the 21-day advanced decline breadth. So what we're looking at here is the amount of stocks advancing versus the amount of stocks declining. For a market to be relatively healthy, we want to see this advanced decline line ascending as prices ascending. So similar to other divergence strategies using the RSI or MACD or whatever, the breadth of the market, so this 21-day breadth, is an important factor to watch as a sense check for the overall health of the market advance. And what we're seeing here, that any time we've seen major new highs and we're seeing a decline in the advance, in the breadth of the market, that's tended to foreshadow certainly a pullback or a period of correction. And you can see just prior to the big drop-off that we saw at the start of this year, that breadth was already declining. Now obviously we've made new highs, but equally what we pay attention to here is that the breadth of the market is diminishing pretty rapidly. And so again, we've started to think about, so now we've got the seasonal factors with respect to the pre-election cycle years and how they've tended to top out. And now we can start to see some of the actual infrastructure, looking under the hood of the market so to speak, we can see that we've got some issues with respect to the breadth, so the actual support for the market appears to be deteriorating quite rapidly. And then if we go to the S&P 500, S&P 500 is down here, and then we've got the New York Stock Exchange advanced decline line. So New York's common stocks and the advanced decline deferential. And again, if we look to prior periods when we've seen sell-offs, what we tend to get is the market tops, but we see a decline in breadth. So the breadth of the market is starting to fall away. That means we're not seeing the structural support underneath the market that we need to see to continue to support higher prices. And you can see here, as we've made these new highs this week, we've actually started to see a divergence developing. Prior similar divergences have seen certainly pullbacks, if not major corrections in the market. So we've got the NASDAQ, which has been the runaway cheerleader for the market, certainly in the recovery period that we've witnessed. We've got an issue there with the advanced decline breadth, and we're seeing the same issue in the S&P. And as I mentioned, we have this, the seasonal factor that we want to consider. And finally, here is the S&P index has never been this extended versus its 200-day average. So the S&P is now at a record dispersion from its 200-day moving average, going back over all data here. So this is another factor that we want to pay attention to. Remember, in trading once, we're always in this process of stretching the elastic and then coming back for a reversion to the mean. So we're starting to see a bunch of factors here that potentially support the notion that we can head into a corrective period. I'm not suggesting we're going to crash here, but certainly there is the potential and scope for a pullback. So that's the S&P. We're going to cover the charts in a minute and we'll look at the potential technical setup. What I wanted to just quickly cover off here as well, obviously today is going to be a pretty pivotal day for the markets. We've got the U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman, Powell, will open today's virtual Jackson Poll symposium with a speech at Tempast 1 GMT. The market wants to see details on how the Fed intends to ensure the U.S. economy remains on track in the current crisis. The details, or lack of which, will likely weigh on the dollar or will likely see a dollar move today. JP Morgan noted that it's unlikely that Powell will not address the Fed's policy review before the September Fed meeting. September 16th is the next Fed meeting. JP Morgan says average inflation targeting is a baseline expectation for the market at the moment. So it expects the U.S. dollar to come under more pressure if Powell effectively sets the stage for a rollout of this framework at the September meeting. And a more pressure will become if he gives specifics and assurances that it's moving forward with this plan. Clearly, obviously, there's scope for disappointment. If Powell avoids the subject or dismisses it, which would no doubt see the dollar regain some of its recent losses. Underpinning this is we've seen a spike in terms of FX option volatility. We're certainly seeing elevated levels. So what we're getting, what we want to be cognizant of here is that the market has specific expectations to see some volatility today. And this speech could drive the next phase in terms of the cycle for the next phase in terms of these markets. And we're going to take a look at a bunch of markets in one second to see where we could be heading. Lastly, Morgan Stanley FX positioning tracker here. We're seeing that the largest short is obviously in the U.S. dollar. We're at pretty stretch levels. We're not quite as stretched as we had been, but certainly the FX markets are most long, the euro, most short, the U.S. dollar, Kiwi and the Aussie within the G10 space. So that's just some off-the-chart material that I share with the guys in my trading team and hopefully you'll find that stuff useful. So let's take a look at the charts. I want to start by looking at, just reviewing some of these weekly charts that we talked about in the prior session. So we've got this dollar index on the weekly sitting on this trend line. We had a bullish reversal last week after some tails down here. So if Powell disappoints the market today in terms of not being as dovish as the market is anticipating or certainly looking for, then we can see this trend line hold and we could see a corrective phase develop in terms of the dollar. Certainly we can be back up testing these prior lows at the 94.50. If, however, Powell goes the other way and is Uber dovish talking about the framework and suggesting that that's going to be something that they're looking at doing in the September session, then we certainly would have the potential for certainly a retest of this trend line and potentially we'd break through if the market is impressed with the dovish nature of Powell's chart. So really want to be paying attention to the close this week in this dollar index. And similarly then with the euro, we're sitting right at the trend line again. Lastly, we close with a bearish reversal pattern. This week's been consolidation. And again, if the dollar is going to hold its trend line, then we'd expect the euro to have a pullback here and we could certainly be looking back to these prior highs at the 115 area with the euro sterling sitting at its interim trend line, looking to make a break higher here. But again, if Powell disappoints here, we have the potential for sterling to see a pretty big sell-off, sorry, a reversal. And if it reverses and gets back below this trend line or back to where we opened the week and around this 137, then we have the potential here for a tweezer top in sterling. And again, we could see a sizable correction develop. If Powell gives this dovish view to the market, then if we see sterling close at or above these prior highs, then that's going to open a move up in sterling for me anyway to look for a test of this trend line at 135. Similarly, the Aussie here, again, taking out its trend line resistance at the moment, but again, if Powell disappoints the market, there is the potential that we put in a tweezer top here and we could be in for a pullback in terms of the Aussie. However, if he doesn't and we get the close out or above current levels, then we can see a move up to 75 as the next objective in the Aussie. The Kiwi, similar story here. The Kiwi, however, I mean, if we can close out or above current levels in terms of the Kiwi, we actually broke out of the major descending trend line and this would qualify as a retest, a snapback to retest the trend line from above. And this could set the stage for a move. Certainly we'd be looking at 68 and then on towards 70 if we can hold this pattern. So again, really important for you guys to pay attention to these weekly closes and certainly something that I keep abreast of. The S&P, let's see. So again, we're through the potential broadening top trend line here, but if for whatever reason, if Cal doesn't deliver and we get a weekly close back down through the lows and if we close back through the prior high, that would be a pretty bearish reversal pattern there. And if we think in terms of all the other information or the sentiment and flow information I talked about, we need to certainly watch where the S&P closes. If we can close at or above current levels, then there's scope certainly for a move up to 3718 as the next upside objective. So let's take a look now at the daily charts and where I see the potential. So let's check in with the dollar index here first. So we can see here with the dollar index, the potential is for prices to continue to the downside. You can see the similarities here in terms of the setup that we had when we had the last rollofa. We've got pretty much exactly the same pattern developing here, certainly with the RSI, stochastics, similarly positioned. And then we've got the psych indicator down here against similar setup to when we saw the last rollofa. So the table is laid here. We had an outside reversal to the downside yesterday. We didn't get any follow through the market. It was unlikely to do that. People aren't going to necessarily want to be putting on too much exposure prior to this speech. But certainly if you come in on the dovish side, then I think we've got to run down to 91.30 next to the downside. However, if he's not as dovish and the market takes it as more hawkish, then like I said, we could see this pop up into this descending trend line resistance at 94.90. So today's claims is going to be an important one for the dollar. We've got the dollar index, that's the broad dollar index. And this is the equal weighted dollar index, the Dow Jones dollar index. So it's the dollar versus the euro, the yen sterling and the Aussie in equal measures. And you can see the similarities again in terms of the setup here. Again, nice outside reversal yesterday. No follow through ahead of this meeting, but we want to watch to see where we're closed today. And certainly if we hold this bearish reversal pattern, then we've got objectives down to 116. If whatever reason we reverse and we take out this trend line coming in at 120.50, then I think we'll back up retesting 122 in the coming sessions. Swissy, so I highlighted this in the chart of the day last week and we've continued to consolidate here. We haven't rolled over. And again, if we want a bullish reversal today, then I think there's still scope for this Swissy to get up into this 93.60 area. You can see the wave cycle that I've highlighted. And we can see a corrected move into this 93.60. But again, if Powell is uberdubbish, then I think we're going to be back down and retesting loads. We'll potentially take those out this time. Euro. So a similar story. We didn't quite, I highlighted yesterday that I thought we were going to get a bullish reversal. We didn't quite get it. We closed below the near term volume waste average price. And so that's why this candle is red, although our normal chance was probably green. And we've seen some selling this morning consolidating ahead of Powell. So again, if the Euro takes out these prior loads on the close tonight, then I think we're heading lower in the near term. And I'd see us down testing this 115. The breakpoint here went 14.95. But if Powell is going to do what the market is looking for, then I think we probably get a run at 120 before seeing this correction develop like so. So we get a third test of this trend line. We have some pretty significant divergence there. So if we do get up into this area, we'll certainly be watching again for short positions to trade this for a correction. Euro yen. This is the trend line I highlighted last week. It looks like we might get a test of this. And if we do, I'll be watching for any bullish reversal patterns around this 124.60 as an opportunity to do something on the long side looking for 129.30 in the Euro yen. Sterling. So we're consolidating. This is the broader pattern that I'm looking at. I'm looking for this 135 test. But what I anticipate was we'd probably get a pullback to test this ascending trend line sport at 128.14. There is the potential here that we've got a kind of head and shoulders scenario. But again, the risk is pretty much asymmetric. I'm going into this speech for Powell if he delivers. And oh, sorry, if he disappoints the market, I think we see a pullback in Sterling. But if he delivers, then I think we're probably heading straight up to that 135. But certainly watching that area very closely is that major weekly trend line. A couple of positions I've got on. This is one I highlighted yesterday. I'm looking along the Sterling yen here, looking at this ascending triangle pattern, looking for a breakout. And my target is a symmetry swing versus this last advance from these prilos here. So I'm looking at this 145 area. We've also got this ascending trend line. Let's just tidy this up a bit. So you can see we've got this trend channel we're in. So if we do break out and we get some follow through to the upside, certainly I can see us up to this 145 area. The pre-pandemic break point, 144.94. So there's decent risk reward on this. If we fail, if we don't get, you know, if we can't sustain the upside here, then I think we'll be back down testing this ascending trend line support 136.50 before we try and make another move higher. Sterling Kiwi is another one I'm watching. I'm bullish on Sterling Kiwi. We held a big trend line support here. I'm looking for a corrective move now to look at loans in terms of the Sterling Kiwi. We'll see how the pattern plays out. Don't have a signal just yet. Ozzy, so this is the ending diagonal pattern that I talked about. We're a potential here for a head and shoulder scenario as well. So this being left shoulder, head, right shoulder. But if, you know, if Powell comes in, I think we're back up looking at this 7 to 316 area. And we see this as the next potential reversal point for the Ozzy to get a pullback and a correction. Remember, the Ozzy, these commodity currencies are heavily correlated to risk. So if we're going to see this potential pullback in the S&P and the equity markets, that would underpin the potential for a correction in the Ozzy. So if we don't roll over from current levels, certainly want to watch 7310 area for bearish reversal patterns in terms of the Ozzy. The Ozzy yen is another position I've got on. Similar story to the Sterling Kiwi, looking for a break here of this ascending triangle. We've been in this fight, we can define a five-way pattern here with thinking about the rule of alternation in terms of Elliott wave cycles, where we get a quick start pullback in the one and two. The fourth wave tends to be a protracted affair. And that's what we've got here, but we certainly got momentum set up with the potential for a breakout here. And we've got a couple of measures for our target. So the equality objective versus the fourth wave low. And then we've also got, if the triangle is going to break to the outside, we can use this tool to give us our target area. So the equality objective gets us up into the 80 area, and the triangle would put us up into 80, 90. So I've got to take profit on that at 80, 50. And we'll just see how that one plays out. But certainly the technical pattern is solid Kiwi. Yeah, the Kiwi has got the potential here. Again, it's going to depend on how we close this week. But certainly we could see the potential for another run at this ascending trend line resistance, if Powell does come in on the other side. But again, I'll be watching this 6780 area. We've got these prior highs, 6755. So I think from here we could see a corrective move and it could set up a broadening pattern like so. So we get up here. And then if the equity markets are going to pull back, then we could be back down here. But again, that would just be a set up on the bullish side for higher prices later on. So I've got to pay attention to these equity markets. So let's just finish up today by having a quick look at these. So you can see we've taken out the prior highs, but we've got a bit of divergence developing now. And again, it's really going to be about the close today. It's all about Powell really in this speech, because if we got an outside reversal today, then we could be set for a pullback. I think as always, when I'm looking at targets, initial targets, they have symmetry swing support 3188. So we could have a pull, depending upon how this goes today, we could get this pullback. Or if we don't, then the markets continue to trade higher. The target in terms of the next measured move is up here at 3726. So we'll be watching how we close out today. Similar story in the NASDAQ, we're testing this ascending trend line resistance. We're up at the 161 extension of that pandemic crash. So, again, if various reversal patterns here, and we could be looking for a pullback certainly into this 12,000 area, sorry, 11,200, which is the ascending trend line support. And then finally, we'll just check in with gold. Gold I think is, we've got one or two scenarios here. We're either going to do a complex correction and pretty much come back in to retest highs before getting a pullback. Or if we hold these current highs, and I'm still looking at this 1823 area as a setup, but either way, I think we're, I still think we can see how our price is involved, but I think we're in this corrective phase now. And if we look at the pullback we had here and the sharp nature of it, again, thinking about that idea of alternation, it's easy to understand that this might be more a complex pattern in terms of this being the potential fourth wave consolidation before we get that fifth wave spike. Okay, that's pretty much me fought for now. Again, the focus really needs to be on the closes tonight and see how the market digests pal's speech. I mean, certainly want to pay attention to those weekly closes as we could get some great setups developing. So, are there any questions if you can raise your hand and I can unmute your mic or you can type them in a chat box if there's a chart you want me to look at that I haven't covered? Equally, if you don't have a question, if you can type an N in the chat box, then I'll know that everyone's on board and I can wrap this session up here. Okay, good stuff. Well, thanks for your time today. I hope you found this useful and I'll see you guys same time, same place next week. Thanks very much.


This paper proposes a new objective function called Generalized Modularity Density, Q underscore G. It is designed to address the issue of resolution limit, RL, which occurs when a network is too dense and cannot be properly represented by traditional modularity metrics. This paper shows that Q underscore G can be used to identify modular structure in real world and artificial networks that would otherwise be hidden due to the RL problem. Additionally, the paper demonstrates how the RL problem can be quantified using a benchmark test, and examines various modularity-like objective functions to show that Q underscore G performs best. This article was authored by Jiahao Guo, Pramish Singh, and Kevin E. Basler.


Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us. Today, we find ourselves the target of punitive tariffs on Canadian aluminum and steel under pretext of a 2-3-2 national security provision. Let me be clear, these tariffs are totally unacceptable. For 150 years, Canada has been the United States' most steadfast ally. The Canadians and Americans have fought side by side during two world wars and in Korea. The beaches of Normandy and the mountains of Afghanistan have fought together and we have cried for our losses together. And the Canadian forces are working together to protect the country and the country. We have fought together and we have cried for our losses together. And the Canadian forces are always working on the American side. We are partners of the North of NATO and all over the world. We have fought for the defense of the United States on September 11, just as the Americans have fought for our defense in the past. And we have fought together against Daesh in the north of Iraq. Canadians have served alongside Americans in two world wars and in Korea. From the beaches of Normandy to the mountains of Afghanistan, we have fought and died together. Canadian personnel are serving alongside Americans at this very moment. We are partners in NORAD, NATO, and around the world. We came to America's aid after 9-11, as Americans have come to our aid in the past and we're fighting together against Daesh in northern Iraq. The numbers are clear. The United States has a $2 billion surplus in steel trade with Canada. And Canada buys more American steel than any other country in the world. Indeed, we account for half of U.S. exports, U.S. steel exports. Canada is a secure supplier of aluminum and steel to the U.S. defense industry, putting aluminum in American planes and steel in American tanks. That Canada could be considered a national security threat to the United States is inconceivable. These tariffs will harm industry and workers on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border, disrupting linked supply chains that have made North American steel and aluminum more competitive all around the world. These tariffs will harm industry and workers on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border and disrupting linked supply chains that have made steel and North American aluminum more competitive around the world. Beyond that, these tariffs are an affront to the long-standing security partnership between Canada and the United States, and in particular, an affront to the thousands of Canadians who have fought and died alongside their American brothers-in-arms, comrades-in-arms. The ties of commerce, friendship, and in many cases, family between Americans and Canadians are undiminished. Indeed, they have never been stronger. The Government of Canada is confident that shared values, geography, and common interests will ultimately overcome protectionism. But as we have constantly said, we will always protect Canadian workers and Canadian interests. Minister Freeland is here to outline our retaliatory measures. This morning, I called the opposition leaders to inform them of our response. As we have always said, we will always protect Canadian workers and Canadian interests. Minister Freeland is here to outline our retaliatory measures. This morning, I called the opposition leaders to inform them of our response. To conclude, I want to be very clear that the Americans remain our partners, our allies, and our friends. The American people are not the object of today's announcement. We must believe that, eventually, the good meaning will triumph. But, unfortunately, the actions taken today by the American government do not seem to go in this direction. In closing, I want to be very clear about one thing. Americans remain our partners, our allies, and our friends. This is not about the American people. We have to believe that at some point, common sense will prevail. But we see no sign of that in this action today by the U.S. administration. Thank you, Prime Minister. As the Prime Minister has said, these tariffs are totally unacceptable. In response to these measures, Canada has imposed other similar measures aimed at restraining trade on importations of steel, aluminum, and other products coming from the United States, and this is up to $6.6 billion. This amount represents the total of Canadian exports in 2017 of steel and aluminum to the United States. These exports are now affected by American tariffs. Today, we are publishing two lists of products subject to countermeasures. The products on the first list will be subject to a 25% tax or a similar measure aimed at restraining trade. The products on the second list will be subject to a 10% tax or a similar measure aimed at restraining trade. These countermeasures will only be applied to the original products of the United States. These countermeasures will take effect on the first of July 2018 and will remain in place until the United States eliminates their tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum products. Our steel and aluminum workers support each other. This is why we have included American steel and aluminum products on our lists. And for the other products that we have listed today, we have seen that this can be easily obtained by Canadian companies or non-American trade partners. In order to prevent costs from being reflected on Canadian families and consumers. Today, we are planning a 15-day consultation period with Canadians so that they can express their support or their concerns regarding the countermeasures proposed and the list of products. These list of products will be available to the public immediately and online for Canadians. These unilateral trade restrictions by the United States also countermeasure the commercial rules of the HALENA and the OMC. Canada will launch different rules for the 20th chapter of the HALENA and the memorandum on the rules of the different OMC. Canada will also collaborate closely with OMC members sharing the same views, including the European Union, to counter these illegal and counterproductive American measures at the OMC. It is quite inappropriate to consider all trade with Canada as a threat for the national security of the United States and I want Canadians to know that their government will always defend Canadian workers and Canadian businesses. I thank you. No, I'm going to say it in English now. We are a bilingual country. In response to these measures, Canada intends to impose tariffs against imports of steel, aluminum and other products from the United States, implementing the total value of 2017 Canadian exports affected by the U.S. measures. That is $16.6 billion. We are imposing dollar-for-dollar tariffs for every dollar levied against Canadians by the U.S. 25% and 10% are the tariff rates today imposed by the United States on Canada. We are today publishing two lists of goods. One list which will be subject to a 10% tariff. The second list will be subject to a 10% tariff. These countermeasures will only apply to goods originating from the United States. These countermeasures will take effect on July 1, 2018. They will remain in place until the United States eliminates its trade restrictive measures against Canada. Our steel and aluminum workers have our government's full support. We can steal and aluminum products in our list. As for the other products listed today, we have ensured that these can be easily sourced from Canadian companies or non-U.S. trade partners in an effort to avoid any costs being passed on to Canadian families and consumers. We are today beginning a 15-day consultation period with Canadians so that they may express their support for or concerns about the proposed countermeasures and the lists of goods. These lists of goods will be made available publicly immediately, including online for all Canadians. The unilateral trade restrictions by the United States are also in violation of NAFTA and WTO trade rules. Canada will therefore launch dispute settlement proceedings under NAFTA Chapter 20 and WTO dispute settlement. Canada will also closely collaborate with like-minded WTO members, including the European Union, to challenge these illegal and counterproductive U.S. measures at the WTO. It is entirely inappropriate to view any trade with Canada as a national security threat to the United States, as the Prime Minister has explained. I want Canadians to know that our government will always stand up for Canadian workers and Canadian businesses. Thank you very much. Philippe Vincent-Foisy, Radio-Canada. Good afternoon. Visibly, your strategy, which has been in place for several months, seems to have a plan in mind. Have you just announced a trade war with the United States? First of all, it has been said for a long time that we were ready for everything. We have always been working in a constructive way with the Americans, and we have also highlighted that we had reflections on how we would be able to ensure the defence of Canadians, Canadian workers and Canada if the need came. So, while we continue to work, to negotiate, to try to convince the Americans to retreat on these unacceptable measures, we must also respond firmly to the threats imposed on us. But in terms of the trade war, do we have a trade war at the moment? Do you still trust Mr. Trump? You say that I respect his words and that we will not be able to deal with it. Obviously, it has been a long time that we have been involved with the Americans in many ways, whether it is me directly with Mr. Trump, whether it is one of the other Ministers who are engaged, whether it is the Prime Minister of the provinces who are involved, the opposition leaders, the people of affairs in Canada. We are continuously engaged in putting pressure on them and to support the Americans at what point it would be a bad idea to create tariff barriers or others with Canada. Today's decision is entirely to the American administration. It was their choice to start and impose these unacceptable measures. And so we respond, as I said clearly to President Trump, we would always be there to defend the interests of Canadians and Canadian workers. Joyce Napier, CTV. Good afternoon. So since NAFTA negotiations began, you launched a diplomatic blitz in the United States. You've been there, what, 15, 16 times? Minister Freeland, I don't know, maybe 100.  Is it time to change the Canadian strategy? It's very clear that we've said, and I've been saying directly to Canadians for a number of months now, that we have to be prepared for anything. And we have been. We have always chosen to try and be positive and constructive, but at the same time in my conversations with the President and Canadians' conversations with their American friends, colleagues and counterparts, the message has been very clear. The Canadians stand united, the Canadians are firm about standing up for Canada's interests. The American administration has made a decision today that we deplore and obviously is going to lead to regulatory measures, as it must. But we regret that. We would much rather move together in partnership, understanding that no two countries have economies as interwoven and mutually beneficial as Canada and the United States. You're hosting the G7 in a week. Mr. Trump will be there. The American, the European allies, the EU will be there. Are you, how is this going to work out? Obviously, we have done a lot of work to pull people together around common and shared themes at the G7 whether it's protecting our oceans or empowering women to be more successful in the workforce or addressing the economic challenges that happen at home and around the world. Every single G7 country is facing a similar challenge of demonstrating that growth can work for everyone. We talk about growth for the middle class and those working hard to join it, but that is a similar challenge and responsibility for each and every one of our elected G7 colleagues. That approach is one that we're going to continue to emphasize. The choices made by the United States Administration today have a goal of benefiting American workers. Unfortunately, we all know it's going to lead to harm for American workers and American industries. Our economies are too interlinked to not have significant disruption in American families and American communities south of the border. We are going to continue to highlight that working together as friends and allies is extremely important for the prosperity of each of our citizens. Indeed, when you look at what the United States has chosen to do as closest friends and allies at G7 nations, European allies, Canada, Mexico, it shows that we need to have an opportunity to come together to discuss this directly and firmly and look for opportunities to benefit our citizens, not to harm them. Mr. Filion, TVA. How do you qualify the attitude of the Administration? The approach of the Administration and I had conversations with the President and the Vice President this week to emphasize that they have an approach created in an ideology that wants to help Americans but that they do not understand at all that it will hurt Americans. It will hurt workers, it will hurt their industries. We have been underlining for a year how connected and the connections between our two economies are to the benefit of our two countries. Now, unfortunately, they cannot do measures like that without hurting their own citizens, their own workers. You have made many representations with the Vice President this week. What do you respond to those who say today that it is your failure? I think that people know very well that it is a decision taken by the American Administration and for the American Administration. Our approach, my approach, the approach of my team, is to work together. And I want to once again thank all the different Prime Ministers of the provinces, all the deputies of all parties who have demonstrated that we have a firm approach and united to Canada on these negotiations, on the engagement with the United States. I think that people know very well that it is despite all our efforts that the American President has made this decision today. John Evison, National Post. Prime Minister, is Mr. Trump going to be in Charlebaugh? Yes, all indications are that he will be. There is a similar national security investigation going on into the import of autos. The finding of the steel and aluminum would suggest this is going to go against Canada too. What's your response to that? Well, we're going to deal with next steps when and if they come, but as I've highlighted many times, the argument that Canadian steel that is in American armored cars and Canadian aluminum that is in American fighter jets could somehow be a national security risk becomes even more absurd when one tries to apply it to cars or car parts made in Canada. So we're going to deal with this issue to make arguments based on logic and common sense and hope that eventually they will prevail against an administration that doesn't always align itself around those principles. Eddie Simpson, CBC. Prime Minister, when Donald Trump took office, you made a conscious effort to take the high road where we saw some European leaders not have your strategy handling Donald Trump worked. I think we all know that the relationship between Canada and the United States is a deep and complex one and engagement and thoughtful approaches combined with the unity and the strength of the team approach that Canada has highlighted. I've heard many times from American interlocutors from the President himself that the fact that we are firm and united as a country and our engagement with the United States beyond political ideologies here at home has been a strength in our approach and we are going to continue to stay united in this moment. I know Canadians will be there for one another. We will do things to stand together and stand up for our interests right across the country. That's what they expect of this and what we expect of each other. In your comments and my colleagues will correct me if I'm wrong, I don't think you've said Donald Trump's name and it takes, it still takes a month for these tariffs to kick in. Are you taking a firm enough line? We've heard Kathleen Wynne describe Donald Trump as a bully. Do you agree with that assessment and is this enough? I've been very clear that my interactions with President Trump have been clear and firm. He has always understood that I will and do stand up for Canadian interests and Canadian workers and Canadian citizens. This is something that we will always do. I've made it very clear to President Trump, to Donald Trump, to Mr. Trump I'll say it as many different ways and times as you'd like that our relationship goes far beyond the interpersonal dynamic between two individuals. The connections between Canadians and Americans are deep, broad, multi-layered, multi-faceted commercial, cultural, familial and those continue. This decision by the U.S. Administration will hurt Canadians, it will hurt Americans and we regret that deeply but will continue to look for ways to move forward in a way that does not continue to hurt or continue to harm our citizens in both of our countries the way the actions of this Administration today have. Can I just add one thing? Katie, you asked if these measures are strong enough and speaking about the measures specifically, the retaliatory actions this is $16.6 billion of retaliation this is the strongest trade action Canada has taken in the post-war era this is a very strong response it is a proportionate response it is perfectly reciprocal but I really want to assure you and to assure Canadians this is a very strong Canadian action in response to a very bad U.S. decision. Tony McCharles, Toronto Star The partially deals with something I want to ask you though if you're targeting about $16.6 billion worth of goods, what analysis what is your assessment of the impact on the Canadian economy of all of this? And Kristia can speak to that but one of the reasons we are a country that believes in free trade is that tariff barriers ultimately affect your own citizens most. As we've seen when the American government allowed moving forward on issues around softwood lumber the costs of housing in the United States for American home buyers increased tariffs hurt local consumers and as Kristia has said as we put forward our list of goods that will be subject to regulatory tariffs we will first of all be consulting with Canadians and industry for 15 days to ensure that there are not unforeseen or unwanted or undesirable consequences for Canadians but at the same time efforts have been made to look at goods that have alternatives either Canadian alternatives or alternatives from countries with whom we have positive trade relationships that will not leave Canadians significantly out of pocket. Kristia. So Tonda if I could this list is a very carefully considered very carefully put together list we have been working on it for some time when the Prime Minister has said that Canada is ready for every eventuality in the past we have been ready this is something that Canada knows how to do that our officials know how to do I would remind people of our experience with cool country of origin labeling where Canada was also prepared to retaliate and we had a very carefully considered list that was in response to a WTO ruling in our favour as the Prime Minister says the consultation period is really really important we expect to get back from Canadians and we expect to use that period to refine the list so please everyone start giving us feedback Canadians who are watching you can start right now as we said and as the Prime Minister has said the list has been put together with a few considerations in mind one has been to support and defend the Canadian steel and aluminum industries they are now facing barriers in their exports to the United States it is appropriate that their US competitors should face equivalent barriers in exporting to Canada and I would like to remind Americans who may be watching and listening that Canada accounts for as the Prime Minister said roughly half of US steel exports so that is one consideration a second consideration as the Prime Minister has said particularly at choosing goods for which there are replacements so we have looked to choose goods for which there is a Canadian alternative which would not face the 25 or 10% tariff or an alternative produced by a country which is not the United States and then finally in putting together the list we have tried to look for end use products because we are mindful of the fact that imposing tariffs on products that are part of some kind of a manufacturing chain could impose costs on Canadian companies and make us less efficient so a lot of thought has gone into it and I think a lot of thought and a lot of work will go into refining this list in the days to come a follow up as a follow up given that there has been discussion around your relationship Prime Minister with Trump and other officials likewise did you in your talks in recent days give them advance notice of exactly what you were going to do with the level and if you have why did all those economic arguments that you're making to us fail you'll have to ask the President about that we have made consistent arguments and demonstrated in many different ways the interconnectedness of the Canada and American countries we expect that in the coming days there will be many members of congress many governors who will be making representations directly to the White House on the negative impacts of the measures that the U.S. has put forward and the consequences of the measures the U.S. has put forward did you give advance notice that was the part he didn't answer so difficult this was going to be in terms of a turning point in the Canada-U.S. relationship Josh Bloomberg we continue to be open to working on a renewed and modernized NAFTA and we will continue to sit down the negotiating table as I think you reported on Josh there was an offer that I made directly to the President last week to go down to Washington personally with Christia and sit down around a table with the President to work out the final details of NAFTA because there was the broad lines of a decent win-win-win deal on the table that I thought required that final deal-making moment I got a call from Vice President Pence on Tuesday in which it was impressed upon me that there was a precondition to us being able to get together that Canada would accept a sunset clause for NAFTA I had to highlight that there was no possibility of any Canadian Prime Minister signing a NAFTA deal that included a five-year sunset clause and obviously the visit didn't happen Just to be clear, you scrapped the visit because you wouldn't agree to a sunset clause or they scrapped it The United States said as a precondition to us meeting and negotiating we would have to accept a sunset clause I said we could not accept a sunset clause in NAFTA as a precondition to meeting or as any sort of condition but that if they were willing to take that off the precondition list I would be happy to come down but that was not something that could ever be acceptable to Canada or I'm fairly certain to Mexico in the negotiation of a North American free trade agreement I had the opportunity to talk to the President last Friday and I thought we were quite close to an agreement that maybe the time came for me to sit with the President in Washington to finalize the agreement which was a very good agreement for all of us and I thought we could get there if we sat together for a few hours he was open to that but last Friday I had a call from the Vice President Pence who told me he was happy and open to me going down to make negotiations but before I went down I had to accept that the agreement was a precondition that is to say on Friday the agreement would end unless the participants chose to reactivate and it was completely unacceptable for us so unfortunately if it was a precondition I couldn't accept it and obviously we didn't go back to Washington to make this negotiation David Aiken, Global Television that's very interesting I'm trying to digest that thank you I'd like to come back to the G7 I'd like to know what you are going to do to coordinate action with six other or five other partners to perhaps ramp up some pressure on the United States we have a G6 plus 1 so what are you going to do as the host to focus on trade from the very beginning of the Canadian presidency on the G7 we've been aware that there are issues that there is not consensus or unanimity on G7 partners are particularly around trade and climate change for example but we also know that there is tremendous value in the seven leading industrial nations in the world coming together to talk about shared priorities about shared challenges including the shared challenge different ways of making sure that the growth we're creating within our economies benefits everyone in our economies that's why we put forward a number and a broad range of proposals from strengthening women's entrepreneurship to helping women and girls in developing countries around the world to concrete action on protecting our oceans from pollution to measures around security concerns that are active in the world from our democracies to nuclear threats there are a broad range of elements that we have and do and continue to agree on and work together there are other elements in which there will be robust discussions around the table that's one of the points of having a G7 to allow for frank and serious conversations amongst world leaders who serve populations that aren't so dissimilar in their values and approaches just to let you run something by that Wilbur Ross said this morning he described this as blips on the radar screen and he said that everybody has spats now and again every country does, nothing weird about that I think everybody will get over this in due course Prime Minister, Minister Freeland I think the fact that the United States is invoking national security measures against Canada against its closest allies friends and partners in the world including NATO and NORAD partners means that this is perhaps more significant than the administration realizes and emphasize and we will certainly hope to emphasize that by the seriousness with which these measures. I can tell you for Canadian auto workers for Canadian aluminum workers for Canadian steel workers these are not blips these are real issues these are real families who are going to get hurt by this and that on both sides of the border Christian? I agree 100% with what the Prime Minister has just said we need to be very clear exactly how accurate this U.S. action is this is a specious and unprecedented use of Section 232 Section 232 as the Prime Minister has just said is a national security consideration and to use this section which is meant to give the U.S. the right to defend its national security something that I think all countries would see as proper to use it as a way to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum sold to the United States by its closest allies and partners in the world by its partners in NATO its partners in NORAD its partners in the G7 we are partners with the United States in defending South Korea and the Korean Peninsula to use a national security consideration as an excuse to impose these tariffs is unprecedented and it is simply wrong I would also just underscore David that this is not about Canada this is about the United States and a posture the United States has chosen assume towards the rest of the world particularly towards its closest friends and allies these are measures that have been applied not only towards Canada but towards the EU towards Mexico that is a decision the U.S. Government has taken and we believe it is a highly regrettable one and we've said that directly to our American counterparts okay so we've got only about two minutes left six people on the list we can have time for one more question I would then be in advance in terms of the measures Mr. Trump's gesture on the administration today you are going to move the rear that you have fixed for the G7 that must be seen next week we were always expecting that there are elements on which we are going to have differences between different members of the G7 particularly in terms of climate change and in terms of international trade we have put forward a agenda that has many elements on which we are going to agree and we can do good work between us and the whole world but at the same time we knew that we were going to have robust discussions on this subject and others and we are going to certainly see that the G7 continues to have its usefulness to allow frank and rigorous discussions on issues of concern not only for us as leaders but for our citizens as well Mr. Monta, is it possible that your government offers a financial help to the steel industry or aluminum if the trade dispute lasts for a long time? I have personally been to see the workers in aluminum, in Saguenay to meet workers in steel in a mountain in the South-Saint-Marie to demonstrate my support to reassure them and that there are several months whatever the final decision of today we are going to be there to support them to defend the Canadian industry to defend the Canadian workers and the interests of Canadians and we are going to do that


Hey, it's Linda from the Linda living in China blog. I finished unit three of my 120 hour test certificate and this unit was I think the longest so far, but it has a lot of useful information for a future teacher it focuses on the methods techniques and theories of teaching and also on how to correct students the difference between mistakes and errors and how to effectively correct the mistakes and errors and how to engage the students in the learning process, how to effectively plan a lesson, what kind of different phases there are in one lesson or what different phases there should be and there's a huge selection of different games that are very very useful for esl teachers to get the attention and student engagement so that is really really good I really like this unit even though it was really long and I had to take a break between You know the first and second part, but I can really I can really recommend it and it was really fun


There is that very popular song which, in fact, my daughter reminded me of But looking through the lyrics, I am not sentimental So, merely saying we want this to happen, we would like that to happen Of course, we know there is discrimination Hopes and wishes don't come true just because you hope and you wish So, for me, in that song, there was something very specific Which I thought applies to where we are today It says, Punishing the victim is very much part of what we see today And who is asking for the right? It is dissenters who are fighting for people's rights And today, they are being held up as anti-nationalists A recorded song has three stanzas But the lyricist wrote a few more And towards the end, he changes his tone And I am saying, wow, hurrah Because he says, We will be responsible for bringing that dawn into reality


I've only been here six weeks pal. Okay. Give me a break You probably walked into the Oval Office as president with about as much experience if not more experience than any other president Who's ever served more than three decades in the Senate eight years as vice president So what is it about the job that surprised you that even you didn't know his major out of the doghouse? Welcome back everyone I'm Drone Tech and today we're gonna look at a propaganda session that's made to look like an actual Journalistic interview your first clue should be the guy that's giving the interview George Stephanopoulos Advisor to Bill and Hillary Clinton. Not only does he never disclose this fact to his viewers But why the hell would you put a guy like that into a national news anchor position in the first place an Extraordinary apology from George Stephanopoulos live on Good Morning America He admitted that he donated $75,000 to the Clinton Foundation and failed to disclose it even as he reported on the controversy surrounding the foundation I should have made additional disclosures on air when we covered the foundation We're gonna get into the sham of an interview, but first let me tell you about this brand new special offer from noble gold Now I'm pretty sure we all know that inflation is killing our retirements dead the real rate of inflation Well, it just won't let you keep up or make a profit You need a different approach precious metals not Robin Hood or stocks that can crash and leave you losing money an IRA Or a 401k with noble gold is the answer and this month noble gold is gifting a genuine rare Carson City minted Morgan silver dollar with every qualifying IRA or 401k you can find out more by clicking the link in the Description or pin comment or by just going to noble gold investments calm Make sure to tell them drone tech politics set you now and a lot of the migrants coming in saying they're coming in because you promised To make things better. It seems to be getting worse By the day was it a mistake not to anticipate this surge? Well, first of all there was a surge the last two years and 19 and 20 there was a surge as well. This one might be worse. No, well, it could be but here's the deal We're sending back people to for first of all the idea that Joe Biden said come Because I heard the other day that they're coming because you know, I'm a nice guy and I won't Yeah, oh, okay. Well, maybe I was wrong about Stephanopoulos. That was a decent question. Let's see where this goes What do you do with an unaccompanied child that comes to the border? Do you repeat what Trump did? Do you repeat what Trump did? Take them from their mothers to move them away hold them in cells, etc Well, what you get what you have to do is you have to try to get control of the mess that was inherited and The way to get control of mess was here at it. I mean, look, here's what Okay, Bynes excuse here is that he inherited the prom from Trump But didn't Trump inherit the prom from Joe Biden and Barack Obama because Trump signed an executive order Ending the policy of separating children from the adults that they came with which by the way might be their parents and might not be That's partly why they're separated thanks to the flora's decision Ironically the flora's decision was put into place because activists claim that keeping children with their parents was being used as a deterrent Which is funny because even after the fact during the Obama years his administration was accused of keeping kids with the adults as a Deterrent although the fact remains Joe Biden and Barack Obama kept kids in so-called cages when they were separated from the adults The very pictures the media used to attack Trump were in fact from the Obama Biden years Something Biden and Biden supporters don't want to talk about are the tens of thousands of kids that were separated from their families due to deportation during his administration We're selling your covert relief package. You're executing the covert relief package now as well What's next on your legislative agenda? If you notice the criticism the covert relief package for my Republican friends As they say it spends too much money and gives too many tax breaks all these tax breaks go to the bottom 60% of the population Because in fact their their idea of a tax cut is to give the Trump tax cut where 83% went to the top 1% of the people in America You're gonna be raising those taxes. Yes anybody making more than $400,000 will see a small to a significant tax increase if you make less than $400,000 you won't see one single penny and additional federal tax wrong again Stephanopoulos just let's buy and get away with several lies here for one He calls Republicans his friends just before accusing them of hating Americans who make under $400,000 a year then he claims that Republicans criticisms are all about covert relief money when in fact their Objections are to the vast majority of spending in the bill that has nothing to do with covert relief in regards to who will receive That tax hike Biden claims that only people making above $400,000 will see an increase and receives zero pushback from the Democrat Party advisor Which is odd because the tax policy center put out an analysis showing that in fact people making between 50k and 90k a Year will see an increase of at least $260 maybe more I'd say that encompasses most of the middle class wouldn't you one of Biden's promises is that he would repeal the Trump tax Cut right well the TPC also found that Trump's tax cut gave middle-income earners a tax savings of $900 a year Senator Harris said that she wanted to repeal the Bush I mean the Trump tax cuts on day one do away entirely with with the law now obviously the Trump tax cuts lowered Significantly lowered the the tax rate for the low for lower income earners In fact the tax policy center found that middle-income workers some middle-income workers saw $900 a year in tax savings. So repealing the Trump tax cuts Full on repeal that does raise taxes. So along with coronavirus lockdowns destroying small businesses Biden will be doing his part to advance the great reset bottom line here There's plenty of questions about Byn's answers, but the former Clinton advisor chooses the punch.   I may not get a but I'll get the Democratic votes for a tax increase. Yep They're complaining because I'm providing a tax credit for childcare For the poor you just say you're not likely to get Republican votes for the tax increase You're not likely to get Republican votes for HR one expanding voting rights or the John Lewis voting rights act So aren't you gonna have to choose? I know you've been reluctant to do away with the filibuster Aren't you gonna have to choose between preserving the filibuster and advancing your agenda? Yes Most is getting to the point where democracy is having a hard time functioning I'm not saying this is gonna be easy George, but I do believe there's enough Republicans over time They haven't had that epiphany you said you were gonna see in the game So here we finally get a critical question from the left about how bad Republicans are for not falling in the line So Biden says at one point quote It's almost getting to the point where democracy is having a hard time functioning Gee you think that might have something to do with the former free press becoming nothing more than a propaganda organ for one party I think that about says it all right there folks nothing, but softball lap dog fake questions with no critical response whatsoever Biden just said yesterday that we should always assume that women are telling the truth Why didn't George ask him if that applies to his accusers? Well, the answer is obvious because that wouldn't make him look good and George's job is to make Biden look good That's all for this one if you enjoyed this video Please hit that like button share and subscribe if you'd like to support this channel You can find all those links in the description or pin comment. Thanks for watching as always and I'll see you all next time


I am announcing today that in accordance with my duty under the Constitution, I intend to nominate and ask the Senate to confirm Judge Douglas Ginsberg of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for the position of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Judge Ginsberg is a highly regarded member of the legal profession. His career as a federal judge, as assistant attorney general of the United States, as a senior official at the Office of Management and Budget, as a distinguished professor at Harvard Law School, and as a former law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall makes him eminently qualified to sit on our highest court. Just as importantly, Judge Ginsberg is highly respected by his peers across the political spectrum. When I nominated him to the U.S. Court of Appeals last year, he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, and one lavish praise not just from conservatives but from liberals as well. Judge Ginsberg is, as I am, as every justice I've nominated has been, a believer in judicial restraint. That is that the proper role of the courts is to interpret the law, not make it. In our democracy, our elected representatives make laws, and unelected judges interpret the laws, and that's the foundation of our system of government. Above all, judges must be guided by our most fundamental law, the Constitution. Every judge that I appoint must understand that he or she serves under the Constitution, not above it, and Judge Ginsberg is such a judge. Throughout his professional career, Judge Ginsberg has shown that he also believes, as I do, that the courts must administer fair and firm justice while remembering not just the right of criminals, but equally important the rights of the victims of crime and the rights of society. Too often, judges have reinterpreted the Constitution and have made law enforcement a game in which clever lawyers can try to find ways to trip up the police on the rules. This is not what our founding fathers intended when they framed our Constitution two hundred years ago. They knew that among the most vital duties of government was to ensure domestic tranquility. They drafted a Constitution and gave us a system that was true to that duty while protecting the rights of all Americans. I believe that Judge Ginsberg will take a tough, clear-eyed view of this essential purpose of the Constitution while remaining sensitive to the safety of our citizens and of the problems facing law enforcement professionals. Much has been said about my agenda for the courts. I want courts that protect the rights of all citizens, known as rights when criminals are allowed to pray on society. Judge Ginsberg understands that, and that's why I am nominating him. That's why I have selected each of the people I have put forward for the Supreme Court. In taking up this nomination, I hope we can all resolve not to permit a repetition of the campaign of pressure politics that has so recently chilled the judicial selection process. It's time for the Senate to show that it will join with me in defending the integrity and independence of the American system of justice, and a good way to begin would be by holding hearings promptly. When Justice Powell announced his retirement four months ago, he made it plain that he believed it would be unfair to the parties with cases before the Supreme Court and unfair to the remaining members of the Court to be left without nine full-time justices. He graciously stepped down from the Court to enable the President and the Congress to select his replacement before this October term began. But as a result of the longest delay in starting hearings to fill a vacant seat in the Court, since the custom of taking testimony from Supreme Court nominees first began in 1939, the nation's highest Court is still operating at less than full strength over four months later. The long delay in scheduling hearings for Judge Bork had other results as well. Since June 1987, when Justice Powell resigned, the work of the Supreme Court has grown even more burdensome. All during the months of July, August, and September, nearly one-third of the literally hundreds of cases that the remaining eight justices reviewed for hearing were criminal cases. Throughout this time, the empty seat on the Supreme Court has been a casualty in the fight for victims' rights in the war against crime. During the last 25 years, the average time between nomination and the start of hearings has been less than 18 days, in fact, in the entire 200-year history of our country since the nomination of John Jay, the average start-to-finish time from a President's appointment to confirmation or other action for the Senate has been only 24 days. One Senator has boasted that the reason for the 70-day delay in beginning Judge Robert Bork's hearings was to allow time to gear up the political campaign against him, and that was very simply a disservice to the Court and to the nation. If these hearings take longer than three weeks to get going, the American people will know what's up. It's time to put the national interest ahead of partisan political interests, no excuses about the press of other business before the Senate Judiciary Committee. There's no more important business before that committee than to bring the Supreme Court up to full strength. The Senate has a duty in this regard, just as I do. So this is my call to the Senate today. Let us all resolve that the process of confirming Supreme Court nominee will never again be distorted. Alexander Hamilton wrote that the complete independence of the courts of justice is essential in the Constitution. Let us resolve this time that guarding that independence will be the Senate's highest priority. The American people want this. They have a right to expect it. By selecting Judge Ginsburg, I've gone the extra mile to ensure a speedy confirmation. I've been impressed by the fact that in academia, in government, and on the bench, Judge Ginsburg has been enormously popular with colleagues of all political persuasions. A word that many have used to describe Douglas Ginsburg is unpretentious. Now that's quite a compliment for a judge. But I guess that's just one reflection of a man who believes profoundly in the rule of law. In the last analysis, it is just such men and women who ensure the continued respect for our constitutional system. And that's why I'm so pleased to nominate Judge Douglas Ginsburg to the highest court of our nation. Let me say in closing, it is up to all of us to see to it that Senate consideration of Judge Ginsburg's nomination is fair and dispassionate and, above all, prompt. I believe America is looking for a sign that, this time, the process will protect the independence of our judiciary, as the framers of the Constitution intended. I urge Senator Biden and Senator Thurmond and the other members of the Senate Judiciary Committee to join me in the spirit of bipartisan cooperation and to demonstrate this spirit by meeting during this coming week to schedule hearings on this nomination. And now, I believe that Judge Ginsburg, who already has one supporter in the group, has a few words to say. Thank you, Mr. President. I want to express my deep appreciation for the confidence you've placed in me and nominating me to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. I just want to say that I'm looking forward to the confirmation process and upon confirmation to taking place in the court and playing a part in the work that it does that's so important in our system of government. Thank you again.