The panel discussion is on the topic digital India and digital media a partnership for building a connected nation We have an eclectic panel of speakers to discuss the topic. I will be requesting them right here on stage Let me I will be handing over this session of course to our sessions chair Mr. Sinvani to kindly take the discussion forward Good morning everyone and thank you DNPA for having us here a topic India and digital media a partnership for a connected nation So I think it's pretty wide and Just to ensure that we are on track and we adhere to the timelines. I think we have decided on a protocol I will lead every question with one person and then follow up with another one And then we leave it open to anybody in the panel to add to that and I think it's a large panel Typically we do very well with half of this size. So but we would like to have everybody participate so I'll start first with Prasad and The first question I want to take on is How digital media and digital India partners in this progress if you can elaborate on that one for the group So digital India, of course, we've seen the benefits come out of that in terms of just democratization of information and information is What the whole digital ecosystem is providing to a lot of citizens to our consumers and that's empowerment In a sense Good collaboration would be To not just tell people about how they are impacted by various government schemes and policies for example, but also In the news responsible newsroom I fear that we we should do more perhaps to say where these policies are failing where they are not reaching out to the right people and Where the government can have more impact. So I think that Feedback mechanism should be completed in a much better way for digital India to collaborate with digital media more closely Now it would you like to kind of add to that? So I think just to take a step back on this I mean I think on digital India in particular we've had four five revolution in this country You had a phone revolution when you had a data revolution After that you've had a digital revolution and so on which has changed If you look at UPI financial inclusion the kind of thing that have happened in this country on this scale in a democracy of that That's unprecedented. Now if you put that in context with big big big media There are two I think it's a glass half full in a glass half empty in that sense We were talking before the panel and for big media for the digital arms of all big media that transformation There's a lot more to be done To say instead of what's happening in the wider digital sphere on the other hand if you look at the creator economy and that is really flourished Now that somehow there's a that circle is fully not being squared yet between big media And what's happening in the bigger creator economy in the larger digital sphere and the kind of revolutions that are happening there I think big media is you know still has a lot much to catch up on I mean you have a creator economy which has been built Which is very much in sync with the larger kind of digital shift that is happening But big media somehow has you know, we've almost seen this year The shift that happened in the cobit time to digital media That's all for a lot of bigger bigger traditional media has gone back in terms of revenues and so on So there's a circle still as we squared in some ways Anybody else would like to add to that so I think I'll probably add to that I think Leland brought up a very pertinent point that you know one of the big changes that we have seen is the long tail of content producers coming in and That's I think something which big media side away from leveraging. I think that's an opportunity Which we haven't done and I think Sukumar Slightly touched upon it when you give that example of the Qualcomm person, you know being somebody very well-versed with That domain and writing in a fragmented manner though How do we leverage that strength and give it larger distribution? I think a big opportunity for us to tap of course we what we see is a long tail of People producing a lot of frivolous stuff But I think there's a lot of serious stuff also that is In terms of quality even better than what probably we can produce in a newsroom and and there's a very subject-specific thing Then I think something we can leverage Coming to the next question and I will kind of move on to Vijay here Changing the way that news is consumed and how information is being processed by people What are the trends you see and what are the changes that you are seeing in the Indian ecosystem? It's a tremendous. I am In Sukus league in that sense. I'm a very very old person in this business and I've seen huge transition I started off as a newspaper reporter And that itself makes me sound like a dinosaur. I'm sure but what I wanted to say was you know The real big change I think is that if I if I if I look at it from the old days and today And I'm talking about Changes over decades right is that in those days There was it was simpler. It was a simpler time in the sense I knew who or users knew who are your brands who are your trusted incredible brands, right and news consumption was In slots I would read it in the morning or there was a prime time bulletin that I had You know something that I would watch or hear Today if you look at it, there's a deluge of news 24-7 and you know news has expanded from your narrow definition of Politics and current affairs to so much more right and hence I feel you know, it's It's it's there all the time It's relentless and it creates a lot of Different things for us. Just the other day. I was looking at my own newsroom There were 16 live streams in Hindi itself forget other languages at one time And this is over and above the TV channel So can you imagine 17 streams going live on various topics of the day and You know, it's it's crazy if you look at it That means that each and every topic that is important of that day is being squeezed dry Right earlier you would move from topic to topic or you move out But here everything is there and just imagine and I can see it happening Live streams happening from each and every hyper local locality pin code, you know I see a time where there'll be a thousand streams or five thousand streams When I remember the old days of The websites where you know when you personalize your news you would choose four or five topics and that was your Personalization but today there is true choice in news. You can personalize it in any way you want it in any way You can But there are there are flip sides to this deluge of news one is of course, you know Our people prioritizing So Quantity over depth That's something that can be you know talked about I guess and the other thing is You wonder whether if you're getting a news feed from various platforms the credibility of that news And whether because of the algos of big tech you Because of what you've seen or what you what you've read You get sucked into an echo chamber of your thoughts and you never really get the other side So these are things that I see and these are the new consumption patterns Coming to this it's sort of You've been kind of being able to leverage the change in the consumption habits and make a successful Product out of it. What's your view on the changing habits of consumers in the news consumption space? Thank you May I have my answer in Hindi maybe some Beisha, it won't be a sin. There are two or three issues The first thing is that a film came about Sudhir Mishra's 1000 wishes There is a great scene that there are some retired bureaucrats And a woman is singing a lullaby on stage and she's appreciating it Without sounding very populist, I want to add That the hierarchy in the news, the selection of the content, the language And how are the people who present it looking like that? It was like that But now the doors have opened Like in Lagaan After hitting Bhuvan's chakka, the crowd is running on the pitch And she has her own chaos too Everything is fine But the game has grown up, the game has opened And there is one thing that is still going on and should always be there That you have to tell a story Which is relatable Raw or real And relatable, I have said it deliberately It was like looking at the news in English You are talking amazing things, but you are not understanding Our concern, the concern of India is That Sukumaran or his writer Roshan Keshore Who is writing very important things about the Indian economy How to explain to the people who read Dhanik Jagran or Amarujala Or how to explain to the people who watch Lullantop What language should be explained Otherwise, sitting in the Indian International Centre for the next 1000 years And drinking a single malt You can't tip a widow on the state of India Nothing wrong in it Who is sitting here and saying that they like to go to the Indian International Centre Are we doing it deliberately? Are we making it simpler? Relatable Because this understanding has been made by some people The Varanians Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Tamil audience They like cheap content They are of all kinds They don't understand the Indian Express Which is not true We are continuously producing such content In which they can debate on the songs of Guddi, Guilheri or Niravua And at the same time What is the politics of South China They are also prepared to understand it You come to their land and explain The second thing that has been done is 12 seconds No 12 seconds Thanks to Google and all these platforms Those who have actually These days, they speak of freedom They stand up Someone else has come to the stage What is he going to say? But actually A lot of freedoms came after this technology The monopoly of distribution has ended Very common content creators are also able to reach their content Now they can see it in a cringe They can see it in another circle But a lot of things are being seen And the good thing is that Even the students Now they are able to understand That in the mother tongue In the mother language By saying what they say Their courage will be there And what they actually want to convey To their people So it is very important Nothing wrong in it That the English and all In such powerful languages Those who have knowledge They should worry about this That what they say V the people of India Which is going to be 1.5 billion The announcement of human senses Which is going to happen every 3 or 6 months So reach them This is good for the industry It is good for the technology Because they are enablers And it is good for the country Because our Uncle used to say Son, if there is a job Then there is Babu in the middle of Bhandar But there is something about the journalist There is a respect That when he works People see him with the same respect Like the master of their intercollege He used to see That he has not only earned money He has taught 4 people In today's history He has been there At the same time If there is a question Then we should be very concerned Democratization of content And it is in the language of India And the viewers of India The readers of India Only clickbait How many times will you see That a heroine In the gym, wearing clothes And looking at a dog It is very good But we have to know What happened at the quiet We have to know What is going on Which India has got Your name in a chain It came in 2020 It came in 2022 It is a good event It looks like a global citizen But you have to bring such scholars To the stage Which explains these things And technology helps a lot Durga, would you like to add to that? Very interesting comments, Aura? No, sir I mean Very articulately put I mean And the whole lullant of experience Is very stunning I think just to add To what Vijay I think when we look at it As you know From the Google perspective And we look at You know the world of languages And the language user Who is now coming on to the internet In millions and millions Over the past few years And also the You know That the principles of journalism Don't change I think a lot of what we think about Is the format, the access point Right What can YouTube do differently What can search do differently To surface You know the right content To the right user As per their preferences So more and more You know this key question of How do you make the new India user fall in love with news Is something I think We work very closely With publishers on As well as think about deeply Within Google And that question of You know I mean My son is seven years old He's into sports And he I think his first introduction to news Ends up being Reading the last page of a newspaper Around sports right So I think what are those seminal Insights that you can use To get young people To fall in love with news Is something that we ask ourselves Every day And I think his point on You know formats And The explainer version of news And the rawness of news Married to Sukumar's earlier point Saying the source and the byline Is becoming so important Along with delivery I think is sort of Completely changing We're seeing a very fundamental Change in user behavior Around access and technology And I think that was the limited Point I wanted to add Sanjay Thanks We move on to the next question And I think one of the things That I wish to Or connectivity has done is It has brought news from All corners of the world On to the platforms on an instantaneous way So what are the challenges this Brings to the table So there's the opportunity and there's the challenge So maybe I'll ask Jagdish to kind of Answer this First of all Thank you for calling me I look like a fish out of water Everyone is from media and journalism And I'm glad You said This is to make sure that Simple reader Similarly there are simpler people here Who probably don't understand Deeper thoughts of what's Happening in the world Of economics and politics And I think I'm privileged to be Part of this panel I think the Opportunity really is To a certain extent about Connected with the topic Which is about digital India And I think we need to understand Probably what was digital India's Objective Why is there so much Forget the politics behind it But what is the objective Behind digital India And I think the simpler objective is That it enables the country To develop socially and economically Faster It'll happen Which is that digital probably Will help us get there faster So if the opportunity lies For us to probably Do this digital in an Indian way Then probably the solution gets Solved faster We talked about it I think both Durga and you talked About the language part of it There's technology available And I'm thinking that technology Will be the answer to the problem Is probably the wrong way to look at it How do we use this technology To survive the benefits And the challenges that India has Is probably the biggest opportunity For us So no one else can solve the problem We'll have to solve the problem Similarly like you know Google's trying to do stuff in India There are other tech companies We in Tech Mahendra or any other IT Company are all trying to solve Problems which are relevant to India So that's the big opportunity For us to look at And I know you had also provoked About talking about chat GPT So I'm going to try And bring that together Every You know it's This huge thing that we use In tech called Moore's law And I think every The speed at which Some of these technologies are going to come Are only going to further shorten So we talked about the AI based Search tools and so and so forth Now chat GPT over the last 3-4 months obviously has Picked up the huge amount of Opportunity and the opportunity For chat GPT to impact How media is consumed And how advertising is done Is probably going to be Tremendous and In its various forms because The technology that chat GPT Uses is pretty open Source so it's not going to be Limited to only that organization But you'll probably spend over A couple organizations which are in that business To use the GPT part of the chat GPT Which is really about How do you do predictive And transformative And generate that as Constantly so the only difference For chat GPT simply put is It's starting to learn like the way We human beings learn Which means when we come to here And when I meet them or meet you I'll connect the dots back To the 3 conversations that we had 4 months back The learning part is becoming Lot more stronger so you will see Significant usage of That AI technology But to believe that it speaks The truth is wrong Because it will only learn What you teach it to learn So our responsibility here is To create that opportunity for Creating that database which Is always about what you want And that's the opportunity for us To make sure it's clear for all of India that we were talking about And not have only one point of view Thanks, Chandrasekhar Would you like to add to that, how do you see Technology playing a key role in how The media digital media evolves I'll take it from where he left On chat GPT Yesterday when you mentioned That you want us to touch Up on chat GPT I actually went on chat GPT And I typed in How will chat GPT change Media And it gave me Two different answers every time I typed So that's How nascent that That technology is at this Point in time and just as he mentioned It only learns from what it's Fed Having said that it's a super Intelligent tool and it will give Back the power to the creators It will give back power to the consumer And it pretty much has Potential to disrupt the entire Media, news Value chain if you were to say In fact, going forward You won't be surprised if journalists Look up on what topics to write on Because it can tell you What is the reader reading It can tell you what is Being anticipated as a topic Which is relevant and then It will help you write that Creative, it will help you Distributed to the right audience And it will from an audience Perspective or a reader's perspective It will help them validate whether it's accurate or not So there's an entire value chain Which it can disrupt And hence the power of it Can't be underestimated It can change a lot of things It can change the way search works It can change the way content is created It can change the way content is edited Things that it can change But today it takes a lot of processing power There is a lot of Infrastructure, ecosystem That needs to mature to that extent That it can be used In a day-to-day application So that's my take On some of these emerging technologies These are all up for grabs And they all have a great potential But the real test of them Will be Only when we see a Clear use case In the near future I saw Durga pick up her mic I think she has a point to make Sanjay, I'm just going to add There are three ways Speaking of use cases I think that We envisage working with the news industry I think one is just very core You have hundreds of years Of archives with A lot of the Media companies that are present in this room How can you simply take That offline Or physical archive And make it digital There's a lot of OCR technology Where we feel From a chat, GPT perspective If all of that can be processed You can train a model What is that approach of Q&A That can emerge Number two, what we are looking at Is translation at scale I think the language universe Can I run a Malayalam Or a Tamil New Southlet or Hindi Can I perhaps experiment By translating it into a few more languages Because it is untrue That a person in the south Is disinterested in the north Or vice versa There are lots of stereotypes That can be broken The third is very fundamental Data work HD, India today Data, looked at personalisation So I would say these three And many sub-use cases I think will become very core AI work in the next couple of years That we are very excited to be a part of I can't take any more because The application of that Is also going to be In the start-up ecosystem What the start-up ecosystem does With that technology is yet to be seen And that possibility The art of possibility There is actually limitless So I'm quite excited to see How that all shapes up over the next few years The other thing is When we look at chargeGPT We are only thinking about disruption In the ways content is created I think one of the fundamental disruptions That it can bring about is The way you access Technology and code Right Currently there is that barrier Where if you want to set up a huge process To build that tech ChargeGPT makes code very Very accessible and that's Something that is going to break down A lot of entry barriers Absolutely and just one final Comment I think The fear that we have About people being Told and taught What others want them to know With advancement of technology It's not going to go away It's only going to become more and more Difficult for us to make sure That are we being fair Are we being absolutely equitable in it And that's the responsibility Of folks from The media and journalist world to leverage technology Appropriately Otherwise AI will only Learn from what banks we are going to create And those banks Of data and information Can be easily created to tell People what you want them to know And that's the biggest risk that we learn That technology becomes smarter So just to Add to Chandrasekhar's point The grouse of Credibility If earlier newsrooms and A lot of newsrooms would just follow Google Trends and write stories on Google Trends Now with ChargeGPT If you can even get the stories written Through this Then what happens to credibility and journalism And how do you address That becomes a big point Of journalism One last final point Quick one See Data is a very good thing Everyone should be data driven The governments should be more The institutions should be And the data should be collected These are all good things But The consuming pattern Has come from YRF to TVF Now the government Of Neelam Desh In films like Dilthopagal Mirzapur, Panchayat and Gulak Means That if everything Can be found through data Then the very important Human touch Doesn't remain the same With coding That this is the like pattern Of this viewer He saw this on Tik Tok He bought this He consumed this According to his algos He should keep feeding it Be a little unpredictable Because chat GPT Will not do anything He is learning from us But in the universe In that universe Which neuron cup Kick the idea You run 70, 20, 50 feeds But at the end of the day Or any other agency The feed you are giving You are showing your share The question We have to ask After seeing it Does he remember That he saw it on which platform And saw it with which commentary I am repeating this Human touch You told the story Very confidently With the help of technology But at the end of the day You have seen it since childhood I ask someone randomly Ask Durga When you went to school Do you remember every day You will not remember every day But that day The day Dr. Chauhan's daughter was born And she wore a frock instead of a uniform And she gave it Two times extra Because there is a story in it Love, affection, hatred There must have been a very good match With a very good drop shot At the end of the day we remember stories We have made those stories So data can help us Everything like chat, gpt Can help us But how deep we are diving And how much, especially in digital Original content That if everyone puts one bottle of milk Then the lake will fill In the morning it was water On the internet There is an event Write a story on it So a person went on the internet To write a story on the internet And wrote something on the internet Someone did not bother To come here See from the front What is being said And what is being observed And then produce the original So this is a big concern of digital You read books Bring the students And you have to do this in the file So that the packaging is correct Interesting I think I should have kept the creativity out For the managing the time So we now have five minutes left And I will quickly take two questions And I think we will keep it brief So first one Sauram you have covered this slightly In your first answer And this is about the role of digital media In enabling digital literacy So you have already touched about some aspects of this Maybe you want to add a couple of points There is a great time A great English singer and singer Had said that we are living in interesting times There are so many ways To learn old things And to combine new things You are also from Indian Express Isn't it? It is fun that Jayant Chaudhary went with RLD And went on the GT road With all the Ganna farmers And in the same Indian Express An old archive is printed on the edit page It is written That when Jayant Chaudhary was born In America His father was in IIT He had a party In his house in Delhi And for the first time Indira Ji came And it was decided that Mr. Murari's government will go And Indian Express had also written That in that party Samosa and Gulab Jamun Had gone to Parose Now you will say in the larger scheme of things How does it matter Even Jalebi went to Parose But until I say The final things The final things Shahi Tokhla eats everything But those who make Lucknow Have something else The final things And it is important for that That the democratization of knowledge Is there And it has one step language One step technology But the most important step Without sounding preachy Even though I am very young Intent At the end of the day You want to be a brand Which most people have seen Got the most impressions Got the most TRP, clicks Stay in Google Analytics Or you want to be the brand Which people believed Loved and trusted It is the tagline of your newspaper That the important people We also study Because it is a trust But all these Especially the digital From the language platform They will have to aspire That credibility and love That people feel that they have seen Because of the world It is easy for a person This is Durga This is Facebook If you are ABP Then it will be critical You have to be predictable Keep a little open And what is in your Head The most important thing to keep it Is the sun Our elders saw fire for the first time They saw water So they became curious So you have to be an Antu cutlet And you have to be a curious cat So everybody wants to add one quick point I just wanted to say that What Saarab can We would struggle like fear To put out an Adam Saarab you can speak in Hindi And everybody is teaching If I speak in Bengali Then nobody will understand I disagree The problem is If you speak in Bengali And those who don't know Can be told in Hindi or English If someone speaks in Tamil Or in Nepalese The problem is Last one So one of the things That we have been hearing since morning About monetization And one of the challenges is We are mostly in an ad supported model today So do you think The future of digital media lies in an Ad supported model Or do you think that There is absolute necessity for Media to diversify its image streams Nalik do you want to start with that So I think What Saarab was saying earlier That what brand do you want to be Times of India versus Indian express model From a media point of view I think in the near future Both will coexist I don't think you can have either or And Sukumar was saying this in the morning That everybody is gaga about subscription Then you have to go to subscriptions But I think it's very easy to be Seduced by The miasma of subscriptions But on scale There are a few examples around the world For news that have actually done it On a massive scale I think where it really matters Is if you think about Kevin Kelly's argument About the thousand true fans That kind of argument For today The one who is your valuable subscriber If you are an enthusiast About a car You can make significant more money Than for a regular thing The kind of thing that a mainstream You can get a really valuable audience With that But I think for a big media That doesn't change the fact That you are in the business of aggregating Audiences Facebook has changed its algorithm The audience has disappeared Five years ago Facebook Gave people so much attention Invested in all the newsrooms The entire team was sacked Same thing is going to happen with Google So I think this idea of a thousand Is a great idea But on scale you are always going to see Both Prasad you want to add Anybody else Prasad It has to be hybrid modern One of the coding people Is to take care That if in Buxer Balia Or in Orangabad There is a viewer From the Indian Times Or Indian Express You have put a gate of money Open it It should be like a good student That this child wants to study So don't enter the door That you don't have fees You will see it in the alcove That he is an Antho reader He is watching a lot of content So we don't do this Just because of the premium content That there is no money in his pocket Because then the last question is Intent And you have to feel good Sir I think scale is the only issue I mean that is the elephant in the room At scale we will all struggle As publishers to make subscription work We have actually struggled so much Will it work in another Two, three, four, five years I don't know, I don't think That there is enough proof of concept Out there to say that it will work at scale So I will just summarize this one And this is the last question I started looking at subscriptions Way back in 1999 We launched ET and I was told Let's look at a subscription model And I then looked at WSJ What they are doing And I came back, we are not ready for it And I kept tracking Because every two years the question would come up Take ET behind a subscription wall And I was in times for 24 years So this happened And what I realized was WSJ journey which started in 1999 It was very stressful Today we see 2 million and 3 million Subscription is a viable model It should happen on scale But let's not forget that Even in the US which is a world market Where people are used to paying for content A decent price and value It took them almost two decades To hit a million mark So I think the market is there It's viable, scale will come It will take time, courage and conviction And creating value for the users So with that I think I would like to thank everyone I think we've shot up our time by a little bit But still we'll be within the time Thank you, thanks a lot


Welcome to Spotlight. I'm Bruce Gulland. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. It was the night before Christmas, when all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse. The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, in hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. This is the beginning of a famous Christmas poem. It is called A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement C Moore. The poem describes a house on the night before Christmas. Nothing is moving, not even a small brown mouse. The family has hung stockings by the fire. Usually, they wear these stockings on their feet. But tonight, they hope that St. Nicholas will come and fill their stockings with sweet treats and gifts. The poem continues and tells a story about a father who sees St. Nicholas bring these gifts to his house during the night. Many countries around the world have stories about St. Nicholas. The stories are based on a real man called St. Nicholas. Over time, the details of the stories change. They are no longer real stories from history. But the stories explain different Christmas traditions. Today's spotlight is on the many Christmas stories about St. Nicholas. The real St. Nicholas was born during the third century in a village near Myra, which is now in Turkey. His parents were very devoted followers of Jesus. And they raised their son to be a follower of Jesus too. When Nicholas was young, his parents died from disease. But he remembered the values his parents taught him. As an adult, Nicholas remembered one particular teaching from the Christian Bible.  In the Christian Bible, Jesus tells his followers to sell their things and give to the poor. Nicholas could not forget these words. He gave away lots of his money to the poor. And he helped people who were sick or suffering. There are many stories about his secret giving. It is not clear if these stories are true. But they show how much he cared for poor people. Nick Page tells one version of one of the most famous stories. A father had three daughters. At that time there was a custom for marriage, a dowry. The father offered a gift to the man who wanted to marry his daughter. Without this gift, it was not likely for a woman to find a husband. But the father was very poor. He did not have enough money for this custom. So he planned to sell one of his daughters. He thought if he did this, he would be able to care for his other daughters. Nicholas heard about the father's problem. He went to the father's house the night before the daughter was going to be sold. The daughter had washed her stockings and hung them by the fire to dry. Nicholas threw a small bag of gold into one of the stockings. Then he left. In the morning the man discovered the gold. Now he did not need to sell his daughter. Instead he was able to find a husband for his daughter. In a year it was time for his next daughter to be married. But the man was still poor. Once again Nicholas came during the night and again he threw a bag of gold into a stocking. Finally, when it was time for his third daughter to marry, the man waited. He wanted to know who was giving the gifts. For a final time, a bag of gold came through his window. This time the man was ready. He ran out of the house and the person he saw was Nicholas. But Nicholas demanded that the man keep this knowledge a secret. Over time Nicholas became well known for his kind generous giving. People also knew that he was a follower of Jesus. He even became a bishop, a religious leader of the city of Myra. As a bishop Nicholas continued to serve poor, sick and suffering people. Years after he died people wanted to honour him for devoting his life to God and caring for people. So they named him a saint. Many countries have created stories about Saint Nicholas as a secret gift giver. Often the stories are for children. Saint Nicholas considers how children have behaved all year. Then he gives them good gifts for good behaviour and bad gifts for bad behaviour. These stories explain Christmas traditions. For example, in many European countries children leave their shoes out for Saint Nicholas. They hope he will fill their shoes with treats. There are also other stories about Saint Nicholas. In Greece he is not a secret gift giver. Instead he is the saint who protects sailors. It is said that in bad weather sailors would pray to Saint Nicholas. Then he would appear to them like a dream. He would guide them to safety and could make the storms go away. It is not clear exactly when Saint Nicholas died. But many people believe that he died in the year 343 AD. He was then buried in the city of Myra. Because of his goodness many religious people travelled to the place he was buried. But during the 11th century there was war in the area of Myra. A group of sailors used the war as a chance to steal the bones of Saint Nicholas. They brought them to Bari, Italy. That is where Saint Nicholas is buried today. If you believe the stories, Saint Nicholas is the Christmas Saint. In many European countries he is called Saint Nicholas. In Italy he is San Nicola. In the Netherlands they call him Sinterklaas. In the United States he is Santa Claus. And in Britain he is Father Christmas. He has many names but the idea of the person is the same. He is a gift giver who brings good cheer at Christmas time. But Saint Nicholas believed in a very different kind of Christmas gift. Christians like Saint Nicholas celebrate Christmas as a time to remember Jesus' birth. Christians believe that Jesus was a gift to the world. They believe he was both God and human.  Christians believe that in Jesus' birth God comes to earth. God brought the gift of hope to a broken world. Does your culture celebrate a Christmas Saint? What stories have you heard about Saint Nicholas? You can leave a comment on our website or email us at radio at radioenglish.net You can also comment on Facebook at facebook.com slash spotlight radio. The writer of this program was Courtney Scott. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and the United States. You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net This program is called Saint Nicholas the Christmas Saint. We hope you can join us again for the next spotlight program. Goodbye.


It's the break for us and plus TV Africa as always we take you through the pages of a national dailies We have a Ziko and I took who joins the conversation. Is it girl is good to have you join us this morning? My pleasure to be with you. Thanks for having me. All right It's Ziko and I took as a public affairs analyst and he's very Petrotic citizen of Nigeria. Let's look at the leadership this morning on the leadership we take a look at the bold headlines or the banner captions If you like to put the boat story here says 40 days to presidential primary APC moves to a vet clash of interests party Neck concedes powers to the national working committee That's boldly written CSO's kick as APC pegs presidential nomination forms at 100 million Nara Governorship 50 million It's party affairs says INEC President Muhammad a Buhari once against imposition of candidate that would mean that the PDM the APC Will not be tilting towards, you know, the consensus just maybe Adamu blames governors for Crisis and party urges unity and party interest These are the riders underneath the boat caption and you also have another board Header here saying World Bank acts federal government to reconsider for trillion narrow fuel subsidy Interesting 43,000 and eight Nigerian pilgrims to perform 2022 the hijab that's what you find train attack arrow five gives nine victims family 18 million Nara and just before we move away from the leadership You also find troops killed 25 terrorists and rescue six captive in lake charred These are the headlines on the leadership newspaper We're straightening out to the daily independent newspaper now outrageous Trails APC 100 million Nara 15 million their presidential Guber forms with some riders their participation in election now business to earn profit According to lawyers Say political parties have transformed to revenue collectors Heroa condemns APC urges arrest probe of form buyers commercial exercise will dampen the hopes of the nation that is syslock our Deploy tougher measures in tackling integrity that's attributed to the president Muhammad a Buhari We are at risk of losing 2023 election The APC chairman is saying Lament supremacy battle between governors predecessors Party adept indirect primaries next sits past to end up you see Just the beneath the pictorial there 2023 presidential election PDP in dilemma over consensus as 17 jostle for parties ticket On the berets fire me over salaries of record exo staff More stories COVID-19 Buhari gives minister deadline to submit vaccine production Report and other stories also making headlines on the daily independence newspaper Away from the daily independence a quick look at the punch here talks about the presidential primary APC silent and zoning Now adjourns condemn 100 million Nara nomination from even though you have some court is saying I mean including the INEC saying It is actually a party concern Now underneath says it will encourage corruption. These are what citizens are saying No, it will deter on Sarah's aspirant chief 10 of APC's quoted to say governors remain state leaders at the more ones factions Indirect primaries likeable. That's what you're or likely. That's what's been quoted here Do not repeat PDP's mistake. Buhari is Saying to the APC of course Position on zoning out soon. That's what the spokesman's quoted to say and away from all of that But you also know that it is chip elated that You know, the parties should inform INEC should understand what mode of If you're going to have the primary election, they should understand what pattern of voting that you're going to you know apply So I really don't understand, you know, the whole back-and-forth and the dilly-dallying with the APC now But I'm also looking at this. You find power tariff shortfall heats 247 billion narrow governor's clad debts in December That's what the federal government report is quoted to say and foreign vassities from 4 trillion narrow subsidy Budget as it tells the federal government Imports and forex restrictions worsening food inflation in Nigeria the World Bank is quoted on all of that and we just take another before we move away Kaduna crash late pilot's family laments the NAF begins probe of what could have actually cost that crash and 131 376 retirees we draw 300 and I beg your pardon 32 billion narrow Hmm Quit pension scheme. That's what the PENCOM is quoted to say Lagos, please grill Chris land and parents over people's sexual acts quite interesting For the want of time, we'll just really leave it at that this morning on the punch very quickly the nation newspaper the main caption for this one of the mid-headline that he's a cautioned APC against imposition of candidate and most of the papers have that as one of your lead stories How? The season on Daria Nyami was taken by presidency a CJ and once judges against illegal wealth flamboyance train attack Kaduna gives families of dead victims 18 million narrow gunmen abduct four family members in Abodja and all the stories also making headlines on the nation newspaper this Thursday morning Is it come yeah, I took it's good to have you join us once again. We appreciate your time as always Thanks for having me All right So, so let's get straight to it this morning. I mean dominating almost all of the pages it talks about The nomination form of the APC hundred million narrow that's gotten several Nigerians talking about the fact that these will always and has Always aided corruption Yeah, what bothers me about some of these things is how?  I don't understand APC have told you in every way imaginable that they are an Estate capture SPV You know and when you are there a good businessman Looks at you know the market when the demand is high The price goes up because he's a businessman and when the demand is low the price comes down Right now for one reason or the other people have come to see that Wow There is so much money to be made in government They've come to see that if you are in Government your sins can be forgiven They've come to see all sorts of things and have a certain mindset about government and governance all Thanks to a piece and as a result Every outgoing governor wants to be a president Every businessman wants to sponsor somebody who will become Mr. President and they will be able to do their bidding Nigeria has become commercialized and as a result APC being good business people See the market right for some harvesting if they can harvest a hundred million From 20 people that is clean clear to billion that goes to the party for administration And don't think in terms of 36 states having at least say 10 governors and that gives you about 300 and you get 50 million from each just do the math and go to the Senate where you have 109 Constituencies times x amount of money times x number of people and then go to the house of reps Where you have about 360 of them don't even think of house of assembly These guys are raking in money in the trillions By my simple calculation Because of that they are doing what they know best to do You and them are singing from two different song sheets You are talking about government and governance. They are thinking of the enterprise and the business called politics So why are you surprised that a goat is eating yam or that the monkey is eating the banana Who is to be blamed at this point in time? That's number one number two. I put the blame again Squirrely and to a great extent on the dust steps of the media Why do you want us to believe that outside APC PDP rules and the chance? And I hope that one day I have a chance to let you know the light that has been you see I've been in politics for a long time. I've contested governorship twice I've been the chairman what a local government congress committee of the PDP to one of the state Which is one of the highest assignments you can have in part. I've been a national chairman of a party and Understand the mindset of politicians.   That's your stocking trade These are they know that if you go there is an electoral act that we have not done an analysis the Synthesis of that electoral act which we need to do to tell people what is going on So they distract us with all these things and then we forget and the time that would have been using To tell people you don't have to bother again. The game has changed We don't know that game has changed with the new electoral act So we are running come interest about a PC PDP a PC PDP a PC PDP and one day We are going to wake up his election time and then we said so old terrible country terrible leaders And it just becomes this evil cycle, you know, you know finally on this note You know the certain things that the Bible says and you really don't it doesn't hit you until something comes I've read the on the Bible so many times the way of the transgression is hard The way of the transgression is hard. I've heard it until last night I was watching the publicity secretary of a PC on one of the channels and They asked him about the form. Oh, Lord have mercy. Is this young man or old man? Have a hard time trying to justify what was absolutely Unjustifiable trying to explain the absolute unexplainable trying to answer a question that his face and his voice We're in two different directions And I understood what the Bible meant when he said the way of the transgressor is hard That's my few comments on that matter All right, let's look at all the stories are also making headlines on the nation these people the president is cautioning The APC is still talking about the ruling party in Nigeria. We'll hurry caution APC against imposition of candidates So let's get your take concerning that you just talked about the publicity secretary of the APC yesterday he was a few didn't they were Questions, you know from journalist Station and he was talking about how they were not decided yet on zoning on You know mode of unprimary, but right now the president is actually cautioning the party against the imposition Which means that there may be some likelihood of the party considering that in the first instance You know, you know, I took a decision and honor, you know Integrity is hard. It's an expensive commodity. I took a decision which I announced publicly And I want to try as much as possible to stick to that decision The decision was that because mr. President has signed the electoral act that I have forgiven Not just on his past act Have even forgiven him in advance Anything he will do So whatever I'm going to say now is going to come with a caveat that I have forgiven in advance Because of that electoral act mr. President is just too faced in my opinion He I Don't understand him. I don't know if he has a double life. I don't understand there's something about him I don't understand You are the one that everybody comes to in the party to take a decision You are the one that the party waits for at all times which I think was absolute lack of strategic thinking Now you are telling us two things I don't know if you get to that part the first thing is that he's gonna get tough on you know I'm on them on them terrorists and you know, you know, all this the insecurities. It's gonna get tough After so many years and you have less than one year they're about to go Yeah, just tell you get up. I bet just leave it like that Let's just believe God and pray and manage and you leave the state and secondly you're saying we don't want a position What's the meaning of that? I need to understand what's the meaning of that because I've sat down and thought about it What's the meaning of we don't want in position in position means what you have said you're gonna have indirect primaries What are you trying to say and they won't say something which maybe you will come to with time Which is the neck seeding its powers to the NWC You see in Nigeria They are aspect of the law that the National Assembly can tinker with But they are setting aspect that Must go through the 36, you know houses of our assembly in all the states and the FCT The reason is that setting decisions are so Fundamental that they must reflect the you know the decision the mindset and the opinion of the whole country Because such decisions are policy decisions that bind the country It's the same thing like I said before I've been a national chairman of the party is the same thing with the party They have the neck Which represents the whole country and then the NWC which is Representative in a microcosm stetsis for instance in the National Assembly you have everybody from all the states of the Federation But the houses of assembly have a wider consulate Consultation week before coming. That's why you have neck as different from NWC. That's why NWC Handles the day-to-day running of the system and then the neck is like the board is like it's like the bigger policy body You know and then you now come and say that the duties of that body should be seated It's like saying state of house or assembly. Don't bother if you know National Assembly go ahead and them You know adjust the constitution because time is short when the time becomes short I thought we knew election cycle was going to be four years from today To the best of my knowledge. I've not seen that that thing was shut shut into a few months a PC new that is why they didn't even have a management until some weeks back after seven years and Now because they don't want you know to lose that I don't even know their reason They're now seeding the power of neck to NWC to take decisions on the presidential Yes, yes, that that should be taken at a much larger level They say because to bring the people back to take such a decision within short times might be difficult Did we just shift elections from four years to four months? I Think that this thing that a PC and they really want to come back to power And they actually believe that Nigerians are waiting for them to come back They really don't think that we can think but I want to tell you that they are one two three provisions in the Electoral Act That we need to highlight in the past. I just bring out one just one just one In the past we used to have this situation where you know elections the primaries drag drag drag to September October November and before you can say Jack is Christmas and my time come from Christmas is January election comes Nobody is able to talk to you as a result. They just boom come on the ballot and you just go and stop voting for me We don't even know anything about I want to say that God bless Inaik and God bless the civil societies and God bless Mr. President God bless also the National Assembly for letting us know that the last day of submission of Candidates gives you 180 days six months Six months not six weeks again six months of you Engaging the people and selling your candidate and on the other hand the second part which is so important Is that your votes will be transmitted right from the polling unit these two things put together? Gives Nigerians a completely different paradigm from what has been in the past So we are going to have let those people buying funds at if they like let it be one one billion get it I want to tell you that you are going to meet a group of Nigerians from a third party Which is what we call the third force or the alternate is going to be somewhere that will emerge And we're going to have town hall meetings. We're going to have debates We're going to have engagement Nigerians are going to see for themselves. It's like in a crime on state You know, I'm I'm contesting the governorship and just three days back. We had a virtual debate It was engaging three hours eight of us. It was wonderful. It was amazing Acquiring people said I say wow, this is something and that was even before candidate The next one is going to be with the candidate and I'm happy to announce that I'm already One prime to be a candidate because my party has been the country in the Congress We had adopted me as a sole candidate for the party Understandably and so I'm waiting for PDP. All right Let's quickly show your thoughts on this one as we begin to round off on this one it talks about World Bank and the consent for The subsidy, I mean we're looking at four trillion Naira according to the World Bank the same cruising fuel subsidy Puts the Nigerian economy at high risk a subsidy payment Significantly impact on public finance as well as post debt sustainability concern and looking at the fact that 40 to 60 percent Are all innings were very dependent on oil for our innings and of course 80 to 90 percent constitute our entire export oil is on top of that percentage and calculation But what are your thoughts really? I agree completely with the World Bank and I've maintained this period right from the time of President Jonathan Subsidy is one fraud one fraud that I'm I'm shocked that my president could not Even having been the the minister of petroleum. I a lot of times. I really don't understand him Subsidy is a mega fraud on the poor It is a major ripoff on the nation as a whole There are so many things you cannot explain about the petroleum sub sector You can't explain about the daily quarters of production that we have You can't explain about the different seedings that have been done You can't explain so many things you can't explain why refinery cannot be built in seven years There are so many things you can't explain you can't explain the volume of the so-called buyback that we have You can't explain the subsidies. There is a lady Lady mrs. Um ester O'gway or something like that. That was the head of ppmc. That was relieved of her duty Let Nigerians go back to her and find out why she was relieved Because she actually went on the floor of the senate to testify about certain things But that matter has been swept under the carpet. But one day it will come up The whole concept of subsidy is is is a few handful of people Feeding fat to the detriment of the generality of Nigerians. I say it and I say it again I as an individual I consume more fuel on a daily basis than my whole village put together By time you have one two three four five six SUVs The amount of fuel you get and I'm subsidized for every liter of fuel that I buy I'm subsidized for it But you are now equating me with that guy on the street that is trying to buy a little fuel for his generator Or for his um, you know pumping or whatever. He's using it. Maybe the guy who does a vulcanizer Or the hairdresser who uses just about 10 liters for god's sake Meanwhile, I take about 10 to 15 20 times that on a daily basis.  Can we just move around and come at an honest economic You know a factor that will target those people and then give them that leverage to even buy those things free of charge On a daily basis Meanwhile use that money in a way that benefits the poor subsidy is a fraud subsidy has to be looked into very very well All right, we must say a very big. Thank you to you Mr. Ezekiel and Aitok for all the thoughts that you have shared on the off the press segment at this morning Would you appreciate your time? Thanks so much and god bless you both. You're god bless you too It is so the breakfast and plus tv Africa will go back this day in history and see what happened And when we come back would be going straight to a forced discussion for the day to germs again


What are you doing can tell you what Jeff? I'm sitting here working on an ad right now for a new Campbell back bridge at BLMA is coming out with This is a low diorama used to get a good sunrise shot in the morning I've also shot a higher photograph of it that you can see right here and Then what these photos are for is this Facebook page and a good advertising campaign for the new product But what you're watching right now, I want to do an introduction for August What's neat this week and in fact this video is a project that I had done for Craig at BLMA It was a cantilever a signal bridge project or I literally built this into the correct type of a scene Did all the scenery and did a photography clinic on how to take a good photo using helicopter focus So there's a lot of neat things in this August. What's neat this week scenery model building what this is is? It's a video off of my website Ken Patterson comm This is one of the downloads that I offered for $5 and it's been suggested to me that I take some of the videos That I have on my website show one or two for free so the folks can see the quality and what they're like And maybe I'd sell more so for this August. What's neat this week? I'm literally showing you a complete video that was made for sale that is Instructional and an intuitive how-to all at once so enjoy this my 20th. What's neat this week for model Where would hobbyist magazine for August? The subject matter today is going to be this BLMA tower this signal tower and what I'm going to essentially do Is I'm going to take This tower and I want this tower set up on a scene where the engine's coming out of the scene and it looks relatively traumatic So to start out my photos usually what I do is I start out a quick pencil drawing and in this scene I've essentially got The tower the light tower and the locomotive coming out at an angle sort of like what I want To pull this off I'm going to do a minimal amount of scenery. I'm going to start out with these a scrap foam I'm going to set up the camera in place in front of this foam and Design the photograph looking through the camera that way. There's no guesswork Everything that I want that's on this piece of paper will be framed out in the camera and laid out on this piece Of scrap foam exactly the way we want it set up Okay, I've got the signal and I've cut off the wire leads to it so that I won't have a problem with any dangling wires This is just a photo prop at this point I've put some clay on the bottom of this so that can stick on the foam so I can easily set this up when I actually Design the scene. I'm going to cut a small block of wood place it on the bottom using the template that came with the signal mass Now I know about where things need to be set up here And when I say we're going to use minimal amounts of scenery on this diorama. I'm not kidding This is going to represent a double-track main line where the signal is telling the engineer where which crossover? Which way he's going to do for crossover here the signals will dictate that well We're going to model this as if the signals were there But from the vantage point of the camera you aren't going to see the track work You aren't going to see the switches none of that stuff is going to be seen as being omitted from the scene You won't notice that it's not there is essentially what I'm trying to say so the main line essentially is going to be four pieces of track I'm going to use this locomotive as a filler and I'm going to get down behind the camera and start setting Orchestrating this shot so that it again represents what I'm after in the in the in the pencil drawing Hey, when you look through the camera now You'll see the scene set up through the viewfinder of what essentially I'm after Actually got the scene laid out now The next four steps are to take the clips that are on this concrete track and paint them only in the areas Where the camera lens is going to see the clips then I'm going to paint the entire scene with some latex house paint Glue the track down with a little bit of liquid nail and then carve some minimal amounts of topography and add The shoulder of ballast that you would see from the camera angle and that would essentially finish this scene where it's ready to Be shot. Okay. I've applied all of our ballast. I've got all of our scenery down. I'm going to spray some woodland scenics glue onto the whole scene Just simply Let it's settle on smooth so it doesn't disturb the ballast And so glue our whole scene together good. Now what I'm doing is I'm spraying a very thin mixture of black paint on the entire scene That's going to kill this white track on all the other details when the sunlight hits it Otherwise everything would look too stark too bright This way it just subtly tones everything down with a fine coat of mist on the entire scene evenly Things been toned down with the black paint that was applied to this You can see how the ties and everything blend more with the scenery nothing jumps out at you right at the last minute with the lens set Up in place. I've been putting down some sill floor tufts These tufts are invaluable you glue them down with a little bit of white glue and you could put them in place when the lens Is set up therefore almost like you're painting your picture So now we're ready to do the shoot This video is not really heavy on scenery What's important is the smoke and mirrors the setup here you've got a mountain in the background It's going to be a very subtle feature in the photograph, but it's going to make the picture I'll be standing here reflecting light when the Sun comes out Onto the locomotives from this side Because the Sun is actually coming down from this angle. I like doing that I like putting the Sun at different angles rather than just having it behind you behind you seems It's just it's not as creative So I'm going to reflect I've got my camera set up in position as we design the scene And I'm going to take four or five pictures and stack these together on the computer so that everything All the way down as it curves out of sight will be in focus Here you see the photo that I'm after and the setup again is extremely simple The only additional scenery that I didn't show making on the video. There's a background hill right here Just to fill in the background just to blend it if you're painting another layer of background in and then I've got the trees And then I move on into this mountain, which again the mountain is very subtle When it's pulled into position, it's it's just a very minute small detail That's going to sort of blend out, but you'll know it's there Okay, I've got the shot lined up just right now. I'm gonna be shooting water second exposures And I'm going to focus through the plane through every focal point of the scene So I'll take about six photos of the same shot and then stack those photos in the computer So everything is in focus. You can't see any blur. You can't tell it's a model at that point The hotter son and here she comes And I put my hand in front of it so I know when to start another set of shots and I'm done I've shot the shot everything's lined up just the way we planned it and that's how you do that


Hi, this is Brian Grace of Wikibon. We're here on theCUBE at DevOps Enterprise Summit here in San Francisco, and we're excited to have one of our CUBE alumni, Adrian Cockroft, venture capitals with battery ventures. How are you? Fine, thank you, thanks for having me. So, you and I were talking, I don't know, maybe six, nine months ago, and you said, the most interesting conference you'd gone to last year was DevOps Enterprise Summit. Any reason that's not at the top of your list or near the top, anything you saw this week that sort of distracts that? No, I think it's continuing. The point about this conference is it's the real end user stories. It's what the actual trouble they're going through. It's not vendor stories. It's not something that you made up that you think you can take to market. It's the actual stories. So, we're hearing about Capital One, what they're really doing, Target, how that's going. I told a lot of people over the last year to go watch Mark Schwartz's Department of Homeland Security Talk and the Target and the Nordstrom Talks. And just, you know, there's a huge amount of value there. Everyone says, okay, I want to do cloud or DevOps or microservices or something. How do I do that? Well, here's real examples of people as they've gone through that process. And that was very, very powerful last year. I'm seeing it continue this year. It's moving on a bit. There's more people with more successes, and it's a bigger conference, I think, but it's still, you know, everything's moving in the same direction. Yeah, it's been an interesting couple of weeks.  They're continuing to grow like crazy. We're seeing more enterprise customers there. We had the whole Dell EMC merger thing, which is, you know, signals something about what's going on with legacy. And now we're, you know, we're at this event, it's only, you know, a thousand people, but double last year, and we're seeing, you know, those things that you've been talking about with the Netflix culture, the Netflix way of doing things. What's your overall take? I mean, is it, are we just really seeing this huge inflection point kind of for everybody? I mean, you've been seeing it for a long time. I think ideas, I mean, when you come up with ideas, they're strange, and people push back, and it sounds crazy, and a lot of the time when I did the, like in 2010, when I first started talking about what Netflix was doing, there was a lot of, you guys are crazy kind of responses, and your unicorns, and no one ever want to do this. And over time, things just become the new normal, right? So things get sediment, the good ideas get traction. So I was at a, in Wall Street, sorry, the Wall Street comes and visits Silicon Valley regularly. So we had JPMorgan Chase doing an event last week in, along Silicon Valley, you know, for VCs and startups, really. They have a little summit. And they were talking about how they're running Chaos Monkeys, and they're kind of cloud native, and they're gonna start using AWS, and all the things that you thought that would be a crazy thing for a bank to be saying a few years ago were all popping up on their slide deck. So I think for me that's, it just shows how these things have become practice, and people have figured out why they're important. They speed things up, they make more agile, they save you money, whatever reasons people have. But there's a big transformation going on, and it's being driven a lot by kind of an existential threat, where they think if the Wall Street banks don't do something, the Bay Area, or if it's Silicon Valley startups, we'll go and do something and take them out, right? Well, and we're seeing people say, hey, they're gonna start hacking finance, and that whole industry might get disrupted. We're seeing Square and some others, but there's lots of fintech behind that. You know, we're watching the keynote this morning, or one of the keynotes, Capital One got up on stage. Capital One is one of a number of companies we've seen this summer who are really using their platform to go talk about recruiting and talk about open sourcing stuff, and one of the things they sort of talked about was they just did a big internal, basically a big internal event, similar to this, and there weren't any vendors there. It was all just the services they do, their open sourcing, their own technology. As a venture capitalist, you've gotta think about people that are gonna go build technology that maybe wanna sell to them. How do you rethink that when you're hearing this over and over, you know, Target, Nordstrom, Capital One? Well, what I do, I mean, I work for a VC firm, but I have a slightly different role and much more outbound. And one of the things I do is I go talk to companies. So I met with Capital One last year, and then I went to one of their, that wasn't that big meeting, but they had a smaller meeting, I visited their labs, so I spent some time with them earlier this year and got to know them and their team. And you have discussion here, what is your stack look? I mean, what does your mobile technology stack look like? Which vendors are you using? Which products are you using? And we use that to validate our investments, right? So if we have somebody comes and wants to, you know, we're looking at investment in a company, well, either go talk to Capital One, then would this be interesting? Or maybe they say, you know, the company says, well, we're talking to Capital One already, so you can go check, you know, do the background check. So I'm building a relationship with a lot of large end users, basically so we can do that kind of due diligence, but also so that can understand what is the stack and what are the gaps in the stack and where is this all going, right? I mean, we saw a huge number of people at AWS re-invent, you know, vendors. Lots of the ecosystem was there. Do you see that continuing to grow in terms of not only just around AWS, but being able to offer services that are going to go back into the enterprise if they're keeping their data center? Yeah, there's a lot of, I mean, what we really saw a few weeks ago at AWS was it just matured another step up. About a year ago, people were talking about, we're moving a few applications to AWS, and now they're talking about how many data centers they're going to close. And out of those data centers, you're going to be having a few things will move to a different data center. There's a few things that get turned into SaaS applications and whatever's left, they put up on AWS. And you saw Accenture coming out with a big deal where Accenture probably runs your data center today, so you switched to Accenture running your cloud migration and doing that. So I think they're just setting up with all of the, that's the demand AWS is seeing. And I think people are realizing it's pretty hard to come up with something that you build yourself that can compete now with a public cloud vendor. Used to be, well, I have this specialized hardware need. Well, so next year, they've got an instance with over a hundred cores and two terabytes of RAM coming on AWS. I was like, okay, maybe I don't need to build a, I need to do it just to build a bigger machine, right? Yeah, I was watching your talk this week. It was kind of weaved in system thinking as well as some of the Netflix stuff. I went back and did a little bit of looking, Netflix is up 4x stock price-wise over the last four or five years, which is kind of the space you've been talking about it. 62 million customers, which means they're doing 62 million. 69 million. 70 million credit card transactions a month. I mean, it's hard to, I wonder like, are people gonna keep dismissing the Netflix thing and say, well, it's not the enterprise or are we gonna start saying, well, let's just replace the Netflix story with what Capital One's doing. I mean, is that, do you think that helps this movement? It certainly helps that there are more stories and there are more varied stories. You can look on, a lot of people now talk about internet of things. And if you think about Netflix, it's really an internet of things company where the things are TV sets, right? And there's a lot of traffic back and forth and they're managing this huge collection of things in people's houses. So it is actually in some senses, the software that we built is the right pattern for all of these IoT mobile customer engagement. People are talking more about systems of engagement with their customers and that's what the Netflix architecture and what we're talking about is. So that applies to wherever you see a systems of engagement type of problem, right? Sort of last question, I know when we were at Reinvent, a lot of talk about IoT, they had a platform, but we were seeing customers, especially in the manufacturing industry, whether they were fleets of trucks or tractors or robots on the plant floor, do you think we're gonna start to see that more and more become the next part of this mainstream thing? How far along do you feel like that is in the industry or hype cycle versus reality? I think the key thing here is that instead of building a tractor or a car and delivering it and then a few years later, you deliver another one, we're getting to continuous feedback. So you can describe a Tesla as a laptop on wheels, it's with web services, right? So I think the interesting point there if you look at the autopilot things that Tesla recently rolled out, it's different to what other manufacturers have rolled out because the cars are feeding back to Tesla all the time and they're learning and getting better. And when you build a SaaS based backend, which is what they really are, with all of your end users feeding data into it, you just get better and better. This is why Netflix has better recommendations because it's got 60, 70 million customers that they're aggregating everything for. So anytime you can take a standalone on-premise service and turn it into a SaaS service, it turns into a better product and we're seeing a lot of transitions in that space and it applies to IoT, it applies to consumer and business and everything really. Yeah, I think I'd seen a quote from you at one point and you said Netflix is a $10 million monitoring service that just happens to send out movies or something like that. You know, this whole- I didn't say dollars, but yeah, it's- But in essence, it was the feedback you can now get around products is so real time. It's so rapid. You should be collecting everything. Well, yeah, that's just internally at Netflix. Their monitoring system consumes most of the budget. Actually, ridiculously large percentage of the budget, in fact, but you know, and you've seen Roy Rappaport talk about that as well. But yeah, that's part of just knowing what's going on and building a reliable system. It ends up, the monitoring system is as important or more important than the thing itself, right? Look at how much circuitry there isn't a nuclear reactor to control the reactor versus all the stuff that's sitting there to actually make bits of reactor move around. All the safety systems and control systems and monitoring systems are probably bigger and more complicated. So you want to, if you're trying to make something work reliably, when you're changing it continuously, you've got to just be able to see exactly what's happening inside it all the time. Well, with that, thank you very much again for always being on. I'm going to wrap that up. Folks, we're here at DevOps Enterprise Summit here in San Francisco. Watch all the videos on siliconangle.tv. Thanks for watching. Thank you.


Who's ready for a week of arguing how to pronounce Cube CTL? I've pronounced it the correct way, the one correct way. So y'all can head home early. I'm Jeremy Eater. I work for, you may know me from my past work in the community, but I'm working in Red Hat Service Delivery now, which is the team that's responsible for running OpenShift as a service. Today I'm going to talk to you about how we do that. Maybe it comes as a surprise that Red Hat has SRE folks. I traded my performance engineering shirt for site reliability engineering shirt, and everything else remained the same kind of. We have a team. And so that's the first, did you know? By the way, who's old enough to remember when ESPN used to have, at the end of every sports center, used to have a did you know moment? Remember, did you know? So did you know? That's the shtick. We have fully managed OpenShift. You can choose, right now, whether you want, sorry, thought that had a lapel mic. You can choose whether you want to run that on AWS, which is called OpenShift Dedicated. And we also have an offering, which we run with Microsoft, called Azure Red Hat OpenShift. Who's heard of Arrow? Yep. And then there's another flavor called OpenShift Dedicated. And of course, you can manage it yourself, of course. So another, did you know? One of the talks earlier mentioned that someone was running OpenShift 2. And our team, some of them, have been around that long, running OpenShift 2, then running OpenShift 3, and now running OpenShift 4. So there's a fair amount of history, even though the skills, sorry, OpenShift has changed fundamentally several times, as you're aware. Next, did you know? Right now, only place to get OpenShift 4 in a managed way. So who here has any software as a service as part of their portfolio that they run? I want to say that's over 50% of the group. So that's good to know. Only place to do OpenShift 4 right now is OpenShift Dedicated. Our team is not only responsible for SREing customer clusters, but we also run some of the fundamental services that underpin a lot of the value that you saw Derek and Clayton talk about this morning, in particular, Telemeter, which back calls data to us for analysis and proactive troubleshooting and whatnot. So we run those. We also have a SAS front end called cloud.redat.com, which I think showed up at last year's summit for the first time. It might have been the previous one. Has anyone seen cloud.redat.com? Couple people, 20, 30%. I'll show it to you in just a second, if you haven't been there. And then maybe more importantly, and what I think is one of the coolest things that we're doing right now, is we're building a way for customers to interact with Red Hat via API. So I'll show you a little command line utility that we have to stand up OpenShift clusters that are managed by us. And we have a go SDK as well for it. So what does it take to run OpenShift as a service? First of all, we're foundationally bought into the fact that operators and the design of Red Hat CoreOS allow us to scale OpenShift as a managed services business. So clusters are self-driving, self-healing for the most part. So that's a very fundamental bedrock change. What does it take to actually run OpenShift for? The platform itself is pretty snazzy. Day two operations in operators. Our team has an abode into that. I think there's at least eight operators that we've written. I'll go through them in a minute. There's at least eight, maybe more, that we've written to help operate OpenShift for in a managed way. Advanced monitoring. So the monitoring upstream, the Prometheus team, which we work very closely with, as you can imagine, takes our feedback and rolls it ultimately into the product. That feedback loop is very important to us, because sometimes there are either bugs in the wild or just like gaps in whatever monitoring we have. And we send those changes back to the monitoring team for inclusion in OpenShift, the enterprise bits. Of course, we collect telemetry data from all these clusters. And something that may go, cannot go overstated is the interface between a cloud provider and OpenShift is an area of great importance. And man, that cloud can change out underneath you at any given moment. It can be having a bad day. We have to harden our platform to handle a cloud provider's bad day. So API-driven OpenShift cluster management. I'll show you the guts of this in just a second. But here's how it's strung together currently. And if you've heard of GitOps-based cluster management, you may have heard of some of that this morning. Our team's been doing GitOps for many, many years now. And bringing that to OpenShift would certainly lighten our load quite a bit. So anyway, here's what it looks like architecturally. Cloud.reddit.com slash OpenShift is a set of microservices. One handles the cluster, it's called cluster service. That guy handles standing up the cluster. The second microservice, AMS, just handles your subscription stuff. Not too glamorous, but highly important. And what the cluster service does is it renders what's called a cluster deployment, which is a custom resource that we've invented in a set of controllers called Hive. And Hive is how we spin up OpenShift clusters. Hive's job is to talk to the cloud provider API and ultimately run the OpenShift installer. It can install any version of OpenShift 4, so 4. Whatever. From there, we have a cluster. And we can lay down, so we don't do anything to OpenShift itself in the front end. Everything we do is principally OpenShift 4 wants you to do everything as a day-to-operation. And that's where those operators come in.  And then we have our OpenShift dedicated or managed OpenShift product. That's how that works. We good so far? I'll show you a cluster deployment YAML file in just a sec. That'll hopefully help clear things up. Here's some of the operators that the product team has written, OpenShift product team, or the managed services folks. On the left-hand side of the screen, you'll see we have a centralized back-end that handles common operations that are not, doesn't have any metadata shared with any particular cluster. So Hive, I mentioned earlier, just runs the OpenShift installer. We have integration with PagerDuty so that we can actually SLA these things. We lay down certificates. Whenever you install OpenShift 4, if you've gone to the management console or OpenShift 3, you have a self-signed certificate. So we wrote an operator that goes out, fetches a let's encrypt certificate, attaches it to the ingress and to the console, and then refreshes that every whatever. I think it's 45 days. So you don't have to worry about certificates expiring. The last one is a bit of DNS stuff that we're doing. So if you've gone to try.OpenShift.com, you'll see it's going to ask you to create a DNS domain. And if you've ever, it's always DNS, by the way, if anyone's ever been in SRE. I'm sure you're well aware of that. We currently use Dyn DNS, but the point is that we take care of that DNS juggling for you. So that happens in the shared side. On the right hand side of the diagram here, a set of a handful of operators that run on each cluster, one that lays down security, one that lays down some config changes that we do. We do a couple of things, and then that gets folded back into the product. Or maybe it's too specific, so it never gets folded back into the product. So we've got this customization layer. We call it a managed config layer. And that guy will, for example, bump up the system reserved to a gig and one CPU, something we do. Yeah, we run backups of SED and the, I think, yeah. We run backups of SED using Laro, if you're curious. And then we have a set of custom alerts, which I mentioned earlier. So that encompasses what you get with OpenShift dedicated at the moment. When we release Arrow with version, sorry, Arrow running OpenShift version 4, it will look something like this. Certainly we'll use operators and maybe a little bit of different architecture and whatnot, but ultimately the same kind of end goal. Let me see if I can switch screens here. And since this is glass, I can't use my mouse. And I'm so anti-touchpad. But let's give it a go. So can you see? Is that font big enough? Can you see that? OK. So I fetched this code lest I be yelled at by Diane. I fetched it already. And we have a command line utility called OSEAM. And what this guy does, it's in GitHub. And it's the OpenShift cluster manager CLI tool. So you can do a bunch of things to clusters here. You can see you can look at your account information. You can create clusters, of course. And to a certain extent, you can modify the configuration of those clusters. So real simple. But it may seem simple. But actually, this is quite a big deal. And here's why. Interacting with a vendor by API is fairly commonplace these days. AWS, GCP, everybody's got their own SDK. And here's an SDK that Red Hat can offer you for managed services. So that's actually a first. And pretty cool. OK, so I've got quota for 15 multi-AZ clusters and quota for, well, I've got three running single-AZ clusters right now. So I can find out a little bit of that information. Let's see here. I'm going to create a cluster here. It takes a half hour to install it, but I've already created one. Super simple arguments. I'm going to create it in US West 2, because my favorite least finicky AWS region is Oregon. And if there is still internet, this command will return. So there's a cluster deployment object that was just created. And what Hive is going to do now is pull down the installer image and begin provisioning a cluster for me, in this case, on AWS. This one's from earlier today. Trust me, they look roughly the same. We couldn't do any of this, incidentally, without CRDs. So this is all extensions to Kubernetes itself. And so we use Kubernetes, or we use OpenShift to stand up OpenShift. It's quite a cycle. Clusters get labels, for example, are they in production stage or integration? We have some knobs, whether we turn off pager duty, for example, we don't want the SRE folks who are on call to get paged for development clusters, for example. So there's a couple of things in here that are related to the operators I showed you earlier. Whether it's managed as in here as well. On line 24, you can see that's the randomly generated DNS name for this particular cluster. We went out to dine DNS and fired up the zone file for it and so forth.  In this case, the master has I01 volume types. If you've seen some of the best practices, we recommend for SCD. So that's kind of stuff is baked in. Not a lot of rocket science going on here, but this is what it looks like. Cool? So this is OpenShift 4.2.2 at the time I deployed it. And I just checked before getting up here and it looks like the SRE team has upgraded this cluster in the last couple of days. So yeah, that's what the cluster deployment looks like and Hive takes this and out comes a cluster on the other side. Can I show you what cloud.red.com looks like? Yeah. Maybe zoom in. So here's the cloud.red.com OpenShift cluster manager. Right now I've only got two clusters stood up here. One of them is nuked from earlier today and there's the third one actually as I'm speaking. So you've got, I've deployed a 4.2 earlier and then I've got this Jeter commons one from which is currently being deployed. So you can see it'll be this way for a half hour or so I wanted to spin one up separately so that I could show you some of the telemetry data actually being used. So this resource usage from the cluster is actually backhauled and all of the details about the cluster are backhauled from the cluster into our telemetry system. And one of the microservices for cloud.red.com calls out and fishes that data out of our telemetry system to display it. So yeah, 4.2.4 is what's currently running. So as a managed service we wanna make sure you have the latest versions as well. So we're doing upgrades right now to see streams on a weekly basis.  Maybe later in the week. We backhaul some of the monitoring data as well. No alerts firing on this one. Status of all the cluster operators and so forth. So yeah, all that comes from from telemetry system that we pull data back from. And here's the install. So this is the pod. When I mentioned earlier that Hive was going to kick off the installer. The installer runs in a pod and these logs are what the standard out was from that pod. So towards the end is like install succeeded. So that's what it looks like. And then of course we can click launch console and I end up at a login screen and I've configured GitHub as an authentication provider and I am in to, hopefully it'll work. But anyway it's logging in. Not a lot to show there. So that makes sense. All right, so that's what we're doing right now and I reserve the right to change that in a moment. That's where it is today. So question so far. That's the OpenShift install product installer binary. So the OpenShift install. It's actually the name of the binary. Yeah, we kick that off in a pod and that's how the cluster gets set up. So okay, a couple extra things. Yes sir, sorry. It's available. It's available. It's not productized, but it is all open. We're gonna save the questions until the AMA session. Otherwise we'll never get to beer. Oh okay. Oh how am I doing on time? All right. You're doing good, you're on time. All right. Keep going. Just had a couple more. I just wanna let you know some of the other stuff that we lay down on top of OpenShift. So things we've learned along the way. Couple things we have to keep an eye on. Cloud provider storage may get wedged. They have, someone giggled because that's a fact in life. DNS for sure can be problematic. We wanna know about those things, whether they've resolved them on themselves as something else entirely, sometimes they do. And then we wanna keep an eye on, something funny we noticed is like, there was no alert at the time. There was no alert for whether the number of machines matched what the operator thought there should be. And when there's a mismatch near, that's something we need to alert about. So we're currently carrying that and it'll eventually get back into the product. Couple other things that we're learning and trying to feedback through to the product team and then to eventually to customers who want to use OpenShift on-prem or just manage it themselves. I mentioned earlier we're doing our own GitOps thing that's totally built in-house like most of you others might have. We're keeping an eye on some of the developments in the GitOps CICD for Kubernetes world. A lot of customers, so we have a Prometheus that runs on every OpenShift dedicated cluster or every OpenShift dedicated cluster. Eventually you'll be able to stand up a second copy of Prometheus for your own, what's called user workload monitoring. We're keeping a really close eye on that because that's probably the number one feature ask right now is to allow for you to scrape your own Prometheus metrics and that'll come into OpenShift in one of the upcoming releases and certainly we'll support it. We wanna make sure you can customize your own DNS. So for example, if you've got a VPC peer into your OSD cluster or if you've got a VPN tunnel into your cluster, you may wanna configure DNS, we're gonna make that happen. And then another thing which we sincerely would like to have is the control plane of OpenShift 4 as part of a machine set. Right now there's stood up as static pods if you've ever seen the architecture diagrams. And the worker pool is a machine set so what we'd like to see is the control plane also be a machine set so that we can do things like change the type of node, potentially scale out the number of masters although that would be pretty rare. So a couple of tips on how we're debugging these clusters. How many of you have seen the OCDbug command? Not enough. So now there's no excuse. Go type OCDbug somewhere, OCDbug node slash and then the name by which Kubernetes knows your node and it will launch a privilege pod on that node that you can do local debugging on the system. So that's a fun one. Of course I mentioned telemetry earlier and then the audit logs, Kubernetes audit logs. So there's a ton of data being emitted by the system itself. Cool. I have just one or two slides on some of the roadmap stuff that I guess I picked off the product manager to see which kind of stuff I thought might be interesting for this audience. Not exposing the API publicly. So you'll have basically no public, public-irroutable DNS name for your private cluster was what we're calling private clusters I should say. Every cloud provider seems to define these differently. Bring your own clouds, you can give us your AWS account and we will provision all that stuff into your account so whatever existing business relationship you have with the cloud provider in terms of cost and whatnot that will obviously carry over and we're doing a bunch of compliance work and then in the next, I will say year or so ish, we'll have support for running OpenShift dedicated on GCP. So when we round out that story, we'll have coverage across at least in the US the three major cloud providers when we have Azure Red Hat OpenShift, OSD which is OpenShift dedicated running on AWS and then OpenShift dedicated also running on GCP.  Imagine an additional flag that says cloud provider equals GCP, something like that. Put it wherever you'd like. I think maybe one of the more fun projects we've got going on right now is, so right now you can stand up OpenShift. Imagine being able to provision not only OpenShift dedicated or Arrow or something else but other Red Hat products that run on top or take it the other way. Maybe you just bought some middleware from Red Hat that runs on top of OpenShift. Imagine being able to provision that and you automatically get a managed cluster underneath it. That kind of stuff is being worked right now. On the Arrow side, just in the last couple of weeks, I think at Ignite last, once I said two weeks ago, they finally removed their requirement for reserved instances which caused you to pay for a bunch of compute in advance. Now we're back to, I think it's hourly billing. We're tying in Azure Log Analytics to that service and eventually, sorry, these first two items are actually not roadmap, they're in right now. The last one is supporting OpenShift 4 right now. Our Arrow runs OpenShift 3.11. So soon it will run OpenShift 4 as well. And then we're also gonna do multi-AZ cluster support on Arrow. On cloud.redhat.com side, like I said earlier, potentially surfacing other Red Hat products in there, we're gonna do multi-cluster dashboards. We're gonna be able to import your on-prem clusters, if you'd like, we're not gonna be able to manage them, but we'll at least be able to visualize both Arrow and disconnected clusters. And then we finally, instead of logging in to every individual cluster and clicking the upgrade button, you could potentially do that from a single pane of glass inside OpenShift, inside OCM. So that's all I've got for you today. Any questions or thoughts, observations? Go ahead, ask. I know you wanna. It is open. Can you run one? I highly doubt it. Yeah. Something's coming. Just go for it. And he's over here as the right to say that. Yeah, so you heard of here first. So we're gonna have an AMA session, so hold your thoughts. Thank you very much for coming and doing this today. It was very good to hear and to see in person. So thanks a lot. We have one more talk. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


I'm throwing out one of the first pitches at the Rocky's Home Opener and I'll tell you I'm more nervous for this than any hostage rescue I've ever done in my life. So I've gone through eight surgeries and I've had huge support from family. I have the best surgeons on the planet. The community is rallied around me in ways that I never could have imagined. I am an incredibly average person. I'm like the most average person on the planet with one exception. I have a huge drive. When I got hit I can tell you my rehab was happening as the truck was on top of me. In my mind I was already thinking okay the leg is gone. I'm not getting that back. I know that there's guys that have done this. There's not a lot of guys that have done it but I'm going to be one of them. Family first saving lives a second but now I want to start impacting lives in a way that I never thought I could do before the accident. I want to have the ability to show people that they can get through unbelievably difficult times. If throwing out the first pitch can start helping people become heroes in their own story then I'm all for it.