Everything from here up is where I want to build up a lot of my length. Hi everybody, I'm Danielle Downs here representing Free Salon Education and today we are going to be doing the TWA cut or teeny-weeny Afro.  So first we'll start off with our bigger Afro. So what I usually like to do is comb through the hair and then I like to blow dry a little bit just to stretch the hair out because as I mentioned in the description for this, this is going to be a dry aspect cutting glass. Also, I'm going to turn it down to just my lowest heat setting because I don't actually want to disturb the curl. I just want to stretch it. All right, so what I'm doing right now is I'm working from just about the parietal ridge and then I'm taking a diagonal back section. So it's following the rounds of the head because I actually want to make this into a point. So I wanted to just ride that little curve of the head because everything from here up is where I want to build up a lot of my length. And this section down here is where I'm pretty much going to be giving it just not a fade, but I guess you could say it's taper. So I'm pretty much taking just about the high point of the brow as my little inspiration point there. As Matt always says, you know, find the high point of the head by putting your comb up there, seeing where that falls. So now we can see that little curvature right here. We know this is the high point of the head. So what I'm doing with this section is that now it is going to be a nice triangle. This is our transition point that'll help blend our back section to the top section and start building up some of that weight. Now you can see our sections there. Now I actually want to keep a little bit of length so that much like my inspiration mannequin here, I can have a little bit more length so that I can play around with that later on. I don't want to go in for this one with a buzzer. You can do that and actually taper that up and then blend it into your length. If you want something that's a little bit tighter, like I said, for this one, I actually want to leave extra length so I can play around with that. Hey, now you also have to think about what kind of curl pattern you're dealing with. It's much like the mannequin that I have there. So instead of taking this as short as you see that mannequin, which is maybe about like, I would say, about an inch, inch and a half. We're going to take that about two inches because we know that the shrinkage is real with the curly hair. So I'm actually going to over direct that down, well straight down, almost like a zero elevation. And I'm just going to point cut. All right, so we are going to actually be following that around the curve of the head. So I'm using the wide tooth side of my comb here because even though I've stretched it out, it's just still a lot easier to get through doing it that way. Now, as we're working towards the back, you always want to keep your fingers tucked closer and follow the round of the head. Whereas if you're bringing everything straight out towards yourself and not following that curve, then you're creating more length. So now you can see this somewhat graduation that we have working here. And that's why I like to do this in a dry aspect. Now, right now, because I was following the round of the head and working from one side to the other with that condensed cutting. Now it comes to a point right back here. You can keep that point if you want, but just know that now you have this extra bit of hair. So for me, I don't really want that because it almost makes like like a Mohawk section in a way in the back. So what I'm going to do is just now take this horizontally, put that away. And now I'm just going to be cutting off that little point right in the center. So it's not always that this is going to be the prettiest section or anything like that when it comes to working with this. Because as you can see, I still have a little bit of wave to the hair. It's not like it's perfectly pinned straight. I didn't want to do that because I don't want to affect the curl pattern. And I also want to have that little bit of texture so that I remember this is going to spring back. And so now you can see where that is. I'm taking out that point so it doesn't have that extreme graduation. Now it has a little bit more of a rounding to it. So right now looks a little hard just because of the fact that we've got like these little wings coming out on the sides here. But as I said, the hair is going to spring back. So having that little visual knowing that, all right, I've got this perfect little graduation working here. I love that. Okay, so now you can see we've softened that side. So if you wanted to round that a little bit more, not have as much graduation because for this kind of graduation, you're going to have a way longer top and a lot more fluff, which is great for anybody that really wants to do those expanded kind of afros. So just your options. If you wanted to do a little bit more asymmetry, you would round out one side, leave the other a little bit more graduated pretty much with this little kind of shelf here for that platform of longer hair right in the side here. So now we're going to work with this little triangle here. Okay, so now I'm going in with a vertical section. So I actually split that right down the middle here. So now I'm taking a piece from underneath as my guide right here. Now I'm going to tilt my fingers towards myself. Good hairdresser. I am. And I'm actually going to take that slightly longer. So now we start to get this shape here that again, we're building up that graduation, but you can see this little hump right here. That's where I did take it a little longer. So that way, when this shrinks up, it's actually going to slightly hang a tiny bit longer, but still make for a nice smooth shape, as you can see right through here. And depending on just how thick this area was, you can do another subsection, but usually with curly hair, I do condense cutting. So they're larger sections that I'm bringing into the section that I previously cut or my guide. Okay, so now I'm going to switch and seeing as how I'm going a tiny bit higher each time that I go up, I'm still following the round of the head. So now I'm actually going to switch to cutting over my fingers, still point cutting. The only difference now is that I do want to start to build up that asymmetrical side. So I am going to start bringing this more to the center of the head rather than following and traveling my guide to make everything perfectly even. All right, so now you can see on our asymmetric side, we have this little bit of extra length right here. Now you can keep that if you wanted to have like a little bit of extra length and more asymmetry. I am just going to take that and take off this tiny little point because I don't want to have all that extra length. And now with this side, seeing as how this is our shorter side of our asymmetry, this I am going to bring straight out so that I can match that perfectly. Still following the rounds and making a rounder shape here. I am doing just a little bit more point cutting into the hair because I find that when you have that asymmetry in that shorter side, you do need to break up the bulk a little bit. So that way the longer side is going to collapse a little bit more because it has the weight of that longer hair. So if the short side doesn't have enough texture going through it, then it's just going to seem like a really big ball, if that makes sense. So on the side here where we have our shorter side, I am just taking a smaller section right from about the corner of the brow and up through the hair here. So just taking a little guide from underneath here and just continuing that same nice rounded shape. Now through the front, what I really like about doing it this way is that it instantly makes like a nice short to long kind of fringe going on in the front. Now this last section here, but now I'm actually shifting and instead of bringing everything way over because as you can see, there's not that much to cut but I would be leaving way too much length. This is our TWA cut all done now and so I would take them over do a really great conditioning treatment. That way I can reawaken the curls and start to style however I like, whether it is too strange with a comb or finger coils or just a washing go. So this is the finished product of the haircut.


guys subscribe and turn notifications on leave a like and drop a comment down below get here first and win giveaway calls i will pin as first comment on some of my videos be fast and good luck what is going on guys welcome back to the channel and i appreciate you being here today i am back with another destiny 2 top 5 video and today we have top 5 epic sniping players in a week but if you guys do enjoy the video leave a like really does help me out and if you're new around here enjoy daily destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe remember guys if you have any amazing clip descending send it into the email just linked at the top of the video description let's get straight into this top five in the number five we have a clip sent in by geeks just going off on one great great clip five minutes for one triple down have a clip sent in by flying swung goose they're all just so determined to go and grab that b-point and they all just get wiped out wow that's two three down like a reaper number three we have a clip sent in by tarot defending this point like a bus we have a clip sent in by iv 40022 nasty five man muck said double down yes three down look at them four outstand have a clip sent in by mists rf this food is just going off on one insane play with a nasty ending colette damn what guy says and this top five if you enjoyed it leave no like really does help me out if you're new around here and enjoy daily destiny 2 videos be sure to subscribe and remember if you have any amazing clip descending send it into the email just linked at the top of the video description but guys thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one


In this presentation, we will take a look at present value formulas related to bonds. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical reasonable fashion making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. One of the reasons bonds is so important to accounting and finance is because they're a good example of the term of present value of money. We're trying to look for an equal measure of money when we think of bonds and bonds is going to have this relationship between market rates and the stated rate, which helps us to kind of look through and figure out these types of concepts. So even if we don't work with bonds in other words, if we're not planning on issuing bonds or buying bonds or knowing anything about bonds not being important to us, the time value of money is a very important concept and bonds is going to be a major tool to help us with that. Why is bonds so useful for learning time value of money? Because there's two types of cash flows with bonds, meaning at the end of the time period we typically are going to get the face amount of the bond, the 100,000, similar to a note. And then we've got the interest payments that are going to happen on a periodic basis. And therefore we have these two different types of cash flows that we can use two different formulas for to think about how to equalize. So note when we think about time value of money, what we're doing is we're just basically saying that we want a unit of measure. That's what money is, a unit of measure. We're trying to measure value. But unlike any other unit of measure, most others, like a ruler, the time value of money or the dollar, the value of the dollar changes. So our ruler kind of changes in size as we're trying to measure value with it. And that would be similar to our ruler changing in size when we're trying to measure how big a table is. So it changes with time. So therefore, for us to really measure something, we have to know what time period we're in, what time frame are we in. So when we consider something, we have to say, well, here's the value of money at this certain time period. So in terms of a bond then, we have two types of cash flows. One, we have the 100,000, and we're going to say that it's going to be due in this case at the end of four time periods. Why? Because it's a two-year bond and we're going to say it's semi-annual payments. So that means it's going to be four periods out, not years, but four periods. And then we're going to have the amount of interest that we're going to pay on a semi-annual basis. And that'll happen periodically. So we've got the 4,000 interest happening each of those four time periods. So we have two types of cash flows happening here. We're going to pay out the 100,000 at the end, and we're going to pay out 4,000 each paper, that 4,000 being calculated as the 100,000 times the stated rate, the amount on the bond, 0.08, that would be for a year divided by two, because it's semi-annual, 4,000 each period or each six months. Those are going to be our two flows that we have. Now our question here is what really is the value of the bond, and we typically want to know the value of the bond now, today, not at the end of the bond. So we don't want to know what the cash flow is. That would be easy for us to calculate.  That's how much cash is going to go out. But the units of cash differ. The value of cash differs depending on what time frame we are in. In other words, this 4,000 a year from now is worth less than 4,000 today. This 4,000, this would be six months from now. 4,000 a year from now would be worth less than 4,000 today. 4,000 a year and a half would be worth less. And this two years out that we're going to get the 100,000 and the 4,000 is going to be worth less than 104,000. In other words, we would rather have the 104 today. Why? There's two factors. One is that we know that there's interest, so the value of purchasing power will actually go down. And two, there's opportunity cost. We could have put, if we had that money now, we could put it somewhere else. And therefore, the fact that we could put money to work means that it's worth more today than in the future. So for those reasons, we got to present value this information. We have to take these cash flows and somehow put it into the present value. Now there's two types of ways we can do that. One, we could try to take each number and bring it back to the present. And we will do that with this 100,000 because there's only one payment, which is two years out or four payments out. So we're just going to take that 100,000 and present value it. But here we'd have to take the 4,000, which is one period out or six months in present value it. And then present value this 4,000, which would be a little bit different. This is going to be worth a little bit less in terms of present value dollars because it's a year out or two time periods. And then this is a year and a half out. It's going to be worth a little bit less than this 4,000. So because they're all the same, we call that an annuity, the payment's going to be the same. We can simplify the formula and use an annuity type of formula to do that. There's a couple of ways we can do this in practice. So we can do this with a formula. We can do this with Excel. We can do this with a financial calculator or we can do it with tables. Just depends on the course on how they display that and what tools you have to work with it. To me, Excel is probably the easiest thing to use or a financial calculator. The formula is what we want to start with, however, in order to see how these are kind of derived. What's the work doing? So we won't try to derive the formula. We'll just show you. Here's the formula that we will be working with. So you could, if you're in a situation where you have to just work with a formula, you could memorize the formula. If you're obviously working in practice, then you're going to be using most likely Excel or a calculator to do this. We'll look at it with a formula first and then look at the other tools. Note, of course, what we're doing, what you want to know is conceptually what is happening. Why are we doing this? What does it mean? What can it tell you? So here's going to be our present value formula. We're going to take the future value divided by one plus the rate or interest to n, which is going to be the number of time. And then the present value for an annuity is going to be a bit more complicated. We're going to take p or the value of the bonds, of the payments. And then we're going to take one minus one plus r to the negative n over the rate. So this would be the math way to do it. Again, we could kind of shortcut this with a calculator or Excel or tables. So let's look at the concepts of this. So we're going to take this formula. We're going to plug our information into this formula. The value, often recorded as PV of one, is kind of a formula that we are doing here. We're going to apply this more simplified formula just to the face amount that we're going to pay out if we're issuing the bond and we're going to pay it at the end. We're going to pay it out at the end of the time period, the 100,000. In this case being four time periods because it's two years that we're going to pay this out two years in the future and it's paid semi-annually. So if we plug that into our formula then we're just going to say that the future value is 100,000. What does that mean? Future value. It means that this 100,000 is how much we're going to pay out after four time periods at the end of two years. But that's future value. That's not what it's worth right now. That's how much we're actually going to pay in dollars, but it's not the value now today. So that's the future value. If we divide that by, we're going to plug the rest in one plus 0.05, where does that come from? Well, we have a market rate, which we're going to use for this calculation, not the stated rate. We're going to use the market rate because that's the market rate. And we're going to divide it by two because the rate is per year and we want to make it per six months. So we're going to take that market rate, if we move the decimal over 10% divided by 2.05. And then we're going to take that out to the number of periods, four, two years, there's two payments per year. So this is our math that we'll have to work out. Now I recommend not doing this in Excel if you're going to do it like a formula here because it's easier to write it in paper. Even if you have Excel, it's often easier to write something like this in paper and just do the algebra meaning do one step at a time. So we're going to add the one plus 0.05 is 100,000 divided by 1.05 to the fourth. And then we're going to take the 100,000, if we do the math here, we got 1.216 rounded and that will finally get to the 82,270. That means that this 100,000 that we're going to pay out two years from now or four time periods is worth present value in today's dollars, only 82,270. So if this was the only thing that was happening, meaning we're going to pay out 100,000 in the future and there was no interest involved, then we would expect 82,272 day in order for that to be a fair transaction. But that's not the only thing that's happening. We're also paying out interest. So let's do the same thing for the interest calculation. Now we could do it one by one. We could take the interest for one six month period, the second six month period. But it's easier to use an annuity, maybe not with this formula. But if we have a Excel or a calculator or tables, the annuity table will be faster than calculating each payment, especially if it was a long annuity. So this is going to, because they're all the same, we can use this formula to calculate the annuity. So we're going to take the 4,000 then and we're just going to plug this information into our formula of times, that's P times 1 minus 1 plus 0.05, same 0.05 market rate divided by 2 to the negative 4. Why negative? We're just going to flip the sign basically, we're putting a negative to flip the sign of this final result. And then we're going to divide it by 0.05, the rate once again, 10% divided by 2. That's our formula. If we just do the math algebraically, write it down to do the math. I wouldn't recommend doing an Excel, you want to write it down and do one step at a time. So we're going to add up these inner columns one minus 0.05 to the N to the negative 4. And then we'll do that the math here and get the 0.18 rounded divided by 0.05 times the 4,000 force in both of these. And then if we finish up the math, we're going to say 4,000 times the 3.55 dividing this out. And that of course will be the 14184. So note what this means that we had four payments of 4,000, meaning we're going to pay 100,000 times the 0.08, that's somewhat divided by 2. That's how much we're actually going to pay four times, times four. So we're actually going to pay 16,000 at the end of this time period. We're going to pay 4,000 every six months, four times. But it's not really worth 16,000, it's worth 14,184. So if the only thing we were doing here, if we weren't paying the 100,000 and we were just going to pay back 4,000 each year, each six months for two years or four time periods, we would expect 14,164 today in order to make those payments, in order to have a fair transaction, a negotiable, marketable transaction. Note when we calculated the interest of 4,000, we used what we're actually going to pay. When we use this calculation, we're going to use the market rate because that's what the market is doing at this point in time. So if we add those up then, we're going to pay back 100,000 at the end of the time period. That's worth 82,270 today. And then we're going to pay 4,004 times every six months for two years. That has a current present value of 14,184 for a total of 96,454. Therefore, if we were to issue this bond for 100,000, we're going to say we want money today, we're going to give you 100,000 at the end of two years and we're going to give you 4,000 every six months for that two year time period. How much would we want for it today? We want 96,454 according to the market rate of 10% at this time. Therefore the journal entry would just be that cash is going to be that 96,454 that we just calculated. The bond is going on the books for 100,000 and then we'd have the discount of 3,546. So cash would be going up. That's why we issued the bond. The bond's going on the books for 100,000 that we owe and then we discounted it by the 3,546 in order to equate it to the market value. So this credit what we owe minus the discount is the carrying value kind of the book value of the bond.


Hi guys and welcome back to another episode of our Pokemon VGC 2019 battle series we're here in the moon series and we kicked off this week with this team right on the screen right now with this is the Dialga, the Kyogre, the Incineroar, Zerkertree, Bronzong and the Amungus. It was a bit of the Zerkertree show yesterday so if you missed that go over here check out the card that I leave up there for you people linked back to yesterday's episode you check that out it was a lot of fun it was a shorter episode as well but Zerkertree put in so much work with that tail glow in our second game yesterday which was amazing to see and hopefully it continues as we go into today's episode and I hope you are enjoying everything as always the team is in the description below along with the poker page so you guys can try it out if you want but before we get into the episode today I'm just gonna remind you all flinchclothing.com is now live and to celebrate its launch this month we are doing a big giveaway on the channel so if you would like to grab yourself some of this lovely merch you can head over to flinchclothing.com you can go down on the homepage sign up to the mailing list become part of the flinch squad so all you need to do is visit www.flinchtoclothing.com do that and make sure it is before the 1st of March and you'll be entered into the prize draw and on the 2nd of March we'll do a live announcement for that lucky person and they'll take away all of that really good merch so good luck to all of you that are doing that let's crank some music on today's episode let's get into it as always if you enjoy this episode please remember to leave a like hit the thumb us up button down there make sure you do subscribe to the channel as well and so you don't miss any of these daily battle series that we have on the channel as well as all the other VGC content that we have coming out all of the time and then I hope you all enjoy and most importantly remember to leave a comment because I love hearing from you all and right we've got a first opponent really playing a team of eval tol zonius katana stack attack a incinero and tapir lele so we've got a nice combination we've got the x and y combination here a very strong combo in this this format we've got two steel types as well in katana and stack attack a one of them performing tailwind and one of them potentially performing trick room so we've got both both sides of the spectrum they're sporting this team and very nice options you've got the incinero there we know what incinero does fake out intimidating support dark typing as well fire typing and then the tapir lele to help prevent any sort of priority shenanigans and let the team kind of operate how it wants to obviously not protecting that eval tol because it is a flying type but we need to be quick picking our Pokemon here so what do we want to do a moonga seems really nice for us I think in this match we do need to be careful against the incinero the lele and to exerce and extend the vowel tool and because of the potential oblivion wins there so but we do need it for the zonius and for protecting bronzon if we do decide to bring that to this match I think incinero is pretty nice here just for the intermediate that we've got there and I'm gonna lead dialga am I gonna lead dialga or am I gonna lead bronzon I think we'll go dialga I think we'll bring a moonga's and then we'll bring Kyogre as well I'm gonna bench bronzon for this match it's hard to bring bronzon to this match with an incinero and an eval tool on the opposing side of the field even though it does so well against the two fairies that my opponent's got but hopefully we can kick off with the win today it'd be very nice we've been having a good run this week with this team and I would love it to continue so let's see how we can get on we're gonna lead off with the incinero and dialga dialga's been doing really well this week I've been enjoying playing dialga as we see cotton or eval to come up from my opponent there's nothing here to really deny us a trick room while all my opponents got on his side of the field is the stack attacker to kind of to take advantage of the trick room as well so I think what we'll do here we're not gonna go for a fake out we're just gonna go for a u-turn into the eval tool it's likely gonna be a sold vest so we'll be able to get that off there and then go for that trick room and we've got the intimidate off onto the cot on us so that's really handy for us and we'll just do that lock in and see how my opponent adjusts and what they're gonna do here could see a double into dialga buddy I think even like an intimidated knockoff and sacred swords not gonna be enough to get dialga here we've got to worry about maybe a phytonium Z coming out but we're not gonna see that we're just gonna see a sacred sword in the dialga we take that pretty comfortably snarl coming out from the eval tool and that surprises me that my opponent just leaves the incinero free to attack that cot on of this turn we are gonna get the u-turn off though and now we will be able to get our chai auger on to the field which is pretty big news for us because we can start chucking out some water spouts and I'd imagine the cot honor is well the cot honor can't be a salt vests can it it just can't be it's probably got protect then hmm huh makes me want to just water spout I want to deal with the good like the cot honor is a bit of a pain back side but coyote is gonna be able to take a leaf blade here easily and so we could water spout and thunder the eval tool that should be enough to get it and I'd imagine it is salt vests so in this situation I'd rather get rid of that and then like just try and maintain the ability to deal with the rest of the team cot honor if it's got protect it's got to feel like it wants to protect you and get rid of the eval tool is gonna be pretty huge so we don't have to toy with with snarls and things going any further in this match we have been snarled on dialga so we're not doing as much damage as you probably like to be doing and okay it is okay a velta should be in range now for a thunder from dialga I'm just hoping we don't miss the knockout because that would be pretty bad for us and a really bad call for myself but we do actually manage to pick up the knock out there which is which is very good take the cot honor down to a slash we're gonna see a leaf blade come out but like I say minus one we should be able to take this pretty nicely we still got access to as they move going into the next turn which is pretty nice for us and cot honor in a really sticky spot gone into this next turn either has to protect the switch out or it goes down if we target that slot anything even a water spout and wonder what my opponent brings out now come on let's go let's go it mustn't have very good options it's the only reason why I'm thinking they they're taking so long to take take their turn the time about it's gonna be stack attack are coming up and I'm gonna go waterium into stacks and I'm just gonna earth part into cot honor I think what you do for my ear my opponent you just go for rock slide hope that both targets flinching cart on I can pick something up here Kyoga is not gonna go down to a rock slide not from this range not with a defense investment that we've got and die and that certainly isn't I think something that could go wrong here first would be a super power from the stack attacker into dial again that could be pretty bad because then it leaves cot honor open and to get another leaf blade off but if that happens then we do get rid of the stack attacker which makes life a lot easier for iron signal mingers coming in here so there's the rock slide coming out as long as we don't flinch I mean yeah I mean we cursed ourselves really but didn't we by saying that we did we really did really did let's get an interval back in we need our berry to activate on dialger and another rock slide will do that so I do want to keep it in and I'm just gonna you turn out on to the cot hot how many turns a trick room we've got left as well because that's that's a big important thing we've got two turns okay so we can definitely get rid of the cot honor I'm gonna you turn out on that slot and I'm gonna earth power the stack attacker gotta hope that we don't get flinched again that's really frustrating for us though but if the last Pokemon is zernius then we've got a moongus in the back so we're not we're not really like in a mad bad position double flinch just doesn't doesn't help though does it as we see in scenario come in so that earth power still gonna do some good damage even though we are on minus one and cinema probably not the one Pokemon that we want to see right here but if we can get a u-turn now we're gonna see the carton of protect here but we can double into the I should have you turned out on dialger here really predicting that that because the rain ends pretty soon as well I think I'm so sad about Kyoga so sad about Kyoga and okay let's you turn and let's yeah I think we have to we have to earth power the blinking in scenario the wrong target okay so we get flinched we miss click now things are going so well for us to begin with today ah okay I think you fake out the dialger as well so we could potentially lose dialger this becomes way harder without dialger or at least we know it's not zernius in the back for my opponent okay carton of switching out I mean that makes things a lot better for us because we can at least have incineroa in the back to come back in we're gonna you turn what we're gonna see the opposing incident do it gonna you turn as well off and knocks off our dialger that's not ideal not ideal not ideal at all okay we'll get a movie soon at least we can cycle our intimate at least once more and yeah remove the berry okay so we do lose dialger very unfortunate rain does stop and dimensions send back to normal things become a lot more difficult for us to to do stuff here maybe we've got the fake out spore into stack attack of this next turn if you want to fake out into incineroa of course I think we need to spoil the incineroa though if I'm honest and I don't think the stack attack a sets of trick room I think it was rock slides if anything yeah I'm gonna fake out and spoil the incineroa we'll probably take a rock slide here but shooting down the incineroa kind of helps us out a lot more we can spoil the opposing stack attack at the next turn it's just about switching and getting the switch if the carton comes in anywhere makes it a little bit more difficult for us let's see what my opponent does that double flinch though I mean that's really put us like in a real awkward position and put us way behind in this match but we cursed ourselves didn't we did with a double miss here new double miss of course not incineroa taking masses of damage okay so what we will do is put the yeah put the stack attack asleep and we'll knock off the opposing incineroa I don't know if we can win this one now though maybe we can depends how long everything stays asleep for so we'll get the knockoff into the opposing incineroa it's quite nice I'll get a spore off it's got the safety goggles okay the double rock slide miss that that does help us out quite a lot okay we can knock off and spoil that slot though now so we'll do that we've got to hope this incineroa stays asleep just a little bit longer just a teeny bit longer that's all we need okay that kind of makes up a little bit it doesn't really make up for it all because the flinch if we didn't get flinched there we would have covered if the stack it's okay anyway so that just helps us out a little bit I guess hmm come on incineroa just stay asleep just stay a shloop okay that's good stays asleep okay get rid of the safety goggles get some decent damage on to the stack attacker and we can now put it to sleep which is very good for us very good indeed now we can flare blitz that's not the next turn and grass not it I think we need to work on I think we need to work on the opposing incineroa to be honest like I'm gonna grasp not the stack attacker and I'm gonna I'm gonna flare blitz the opposing incineroa because I think it probably tries to like we need to poke our very before it can knock us off grass not gonna do a decent amount to stack it's okay okay incineroa stays asleep at least another turn which is perfect probably get it with a u-turn let's just go for another grass not into that what is everything level that is it minus one that was incineroa it is okay a u-turn I'm pretty sure u-turn from our incineroa gets that incineroa yeah let's do that the poison incineroa wakes up yeah gets the flare blitz off but they should just proc up a mungus's berry yep which should the burn the burn it's never good okay I wonder if this will be enough to get the stack attacker though the the grass not and the u-turn because a mungush will beat cartana now with a grass not is a grass not gonna be enough looks like it is maybe that little bit of extra damage from the u-turn is enough to put it in range yeah so at least we keep the unbeaten record going my friends I don't know how we managed it but incineroa mungus pulling right through in the end here and even after that double flinch which just absolutely decimated our chances early on just a little bit annoying but I mean there's not a lot you can do about it in some like these situations it's just you just have to deal with it and keep playing sometimes to try and come out on the better end of things so we u-turn grass not and my opponent forfeit so very good game to my opponent and we'll move on to our next game so thrilling I'm surprised we came out with that on top but that is that's good that's good don't like we don't like losing with this team which we haven't this week so far so that's been pretty refreshing for us and so hopefully we can click through quick enough and then jump on back on find our next opponent and hopefully it won't take too long to do you know I complain about the double flinch as much as I do but we put ourselves in that position we talked about it being a risk and it actually happened so you know you can't always be too angry with how things pan out when you know it's a possibility and Pokemon being Pokemon in those those situations where things like that can happen they generally do happen so it's always better just not to talk about them at least that's how I find it's when you talk about them they always happen although I wonder if you talk about okay in a match okay I'm gonna flinch both of your Pokemon now if that will happen generally happens as well as always if we can't find the opponent very quickly I'll just cut through the scene and we'll come back when we find some there we go just like magic we do those utter those magic words and someone appears so we've got an ex upon they are playing a team of a zonius eval tall another x y call tap a cocoa we val whims a cot and he trying here so that we've seen a lot of x and y with we val at the minute it's a big trend that's kind of popped up today and this week on the channel and the we val is and has got a lot of utility it does well against the moon it's one of the things that does check zonius quite well it's got a fast fake out it's got low kick it's got a lot of utility you we've also Pokemon I really do enjoy using as well and had a lot of success within 2016 when the restricted Pokemon were last in use in the VGC format so what are we gonna look at here he trans a nice inclusion as well for my opponent and if we can get our trick room set up and we can get Kyle ground to the field we can do a lot of work like a lot of work it's just getting that board position set up I feel like even zorka tree doesn't do a bad job in this match to be honest but it's gonna be all about getting a trick room set up isn't it do we bring both a trick room set us here dial goes obviously the one that can take a lot more hits than anything else it has earth power as well it helps against the hitran let's go dial go it's got a moon gas Kyoga and incidental yeah we're gonna bench the bronze on once again which is so sad which is so sad it's just hard bringing bronze on against like when these double dark cores it just makes it very difficult even though we got a moon gas it's because bronze on hasn't got protect and we don't have the opportunity to get around the fake out and then like knockoff turn one especially if we see we've all you've all come up for my opponent turn one it's not likely but it's always an option that they've got we're gonna see we've out have a cocoa come up for my opponent I don't mind this too much we've got a pretty good switching to incinero here protect the algorithm if you want to and we get then guaranteed trick room of the next turn we've got to be wary about the type of cocoa because the amount of type of cocos we've actually seen this week with and taunt is being very surprising and it's something that I'd really have to consider more now I think in front of more type of cocos because we've been caught out quite a few times by it so what we'll do is switch a moongus out here we haven't got protect on that so we don't want to just take a taunt or anything this turn which kind of renders it a little bit useless going into the next one and we'll bring in incinero so we've got access to that fake out and you can help that I'll get the trick room up next turn and if you look at the team composition of my opponent once we get the trick room up like a lot of things on our team can can do a lot of work so best-case scenario I think going into this next turn is gonna be get incinero in hopefully my opponent doesn't switch their board position we have the fake out pressure we have the trick room pressure so we'll not fake out we'll not trick room at all we will you turn out into the weevile and we'll bring in Kyogre as we set up the trick room and then that should put us in such a nice position to start really denting my opponent's options so there's the protect either Coco has been denied from that and we're seeing a nice punch into incinero there so nice option and but like I said what we'll do I'm just gonna remind myself what my pond has yeah they got the they've got nothing that really acts in trick room very well so we'll go for that trick room and we'll go for the you turn out into the weevile slot and because we've all generally doesn't carry and protect so yeah we're gonna see he tried come up and I mean this is fine Thunderbolt Coco not even switching here just going into the incinero picking up the paralysis as well along the way we don't get fully paralyzed though which is the big thing here get the you turn into he try not gonna be really bad for us locking us out with them incinero out onto the field as we are able to get Kyogre now out and we can get the trick room up and now we can start smashing through my opponent's team like I say I don't think we need to worry about the he tried too much we can just probably double into the Coco that's the one thing I think likely to switch out so I'm kind of tempted just to go Thunder water spout into that slot and you know that he try and could be very slow but I doubt it is I doubt it's slower than Kyogre not in this kind of composition where you've got Whimsacott is primarily probably one of the only speed control measures for my opponent and we just see a forfeit so that is that guys and wow okay I mean that just shows how strong the team is when you can get it into that position and it's more best of one though here because like this is how devastating this team can be in best of one if you get that board position set up right then with the Kyogre out there's not a lot your opponent can do and with the Dialga support there it's just very good so that'll wrap up today's episode guys we're gonna not get a very long game in for a second one but at least we're showing the team doing super well this weekend it's performing excellently so I don't feel like we need to change up anything too drastically just yet it'd be nice to see a little bit more bronze on and zerkertree as we go into tomorrow's episode and next week's episode but if you would like to see any combinations played with the Dialga and Kyogre make sure to comment down below and we'll look at possibly bringing those in for next week's episodes but I'm gonna wrap things up there guys thank you so much for tuning in today hope you've had a great and I hope you've really enjoyed today's episode that's the main thing and I hope you have a great rest of your day whatever time of day it is so until next time guys take care of yourselves and bye bye


Hello my friends and welcome to the 44th episode of Patterson in Pursuit. Got another great one for you today. We're talking politics, we're talking philosophy, we're talking academia, the left, and a bunch of other good topics with an interesting New Zealander. My guest this week is Dr. Jamie White, who started his professional career as a philosopher, but then he got involved in politics. He was the former leader of the ACT Party in New Zealand, which is a classical liberal political party. He's also written some books for lay audiences and has a very interesting perspective of the current state of higher academia, especially in these soft sciences. Now particularly relevant for this show, as it is with every show, is the sponsor of this episode. Praxis is a company that is operating outside of academia. It's operating outside of politics, outside of the non-profit world, and it's smack in the real world. And they are in the business of giving jobs and training to competent young and enthusiastic people. The Praxis program is a three month boot camp where you learn practical job skills that is followed by six months of a paid apprenticeship.  Now that's not something that you get in the academic system, there's a really good reason for that. If you're interested in the Praxis program, go to steve-patterson.com slash praxis. And that will take you to a special page that was created specifically for listeners of this show. You can get a free module of the Praxis curriculum sent straight to your inbox. So go check it out, steve-patterson.com slash praxis. Fortunately I think more and more people are waking up to just how far left and how far kind of into the world of La La Land, a lot of professional academia has gone. The people that are graduating have been given a name, right? They're Generation Snowflake because a lot of these people graduate with no ability for critical reasoning and they are obsessively focused on protecting their feelings and protecting the feelings of what they think are minority groups. They pretty explicitly reject the idea of any kind of objective truth and therefore discussions about philosophy or the truth or about how the world works are really discussions about power and power structures. So you're going to love this conversation with Dr. Jamie White. So let's start talking a little bit about politics. First of all, I know right now you consider yourself more of a classical liberal. Was that always the case and how did you get to those conclusions? It's the result of the history of New Zealand. Most of your listeners probably won't know this. New Zealand is now one of the most economically free countries in the world. In fact we often get the top of these various indices for that kind of thing. In 1984 there was a change of government and the government leading the government, well not just the government before that but several governments before that. So basically since the Second World War, right through 1984, New Zealand had been known as the Soviet Union of the South Pacific. It was unbelievable. The government control of the economy. Just to give you a few examples to what you know how crazy it was, it was illegal to transport anything more than 50 miles in a truck. The reason for that was to protect the government's railways business. So freight had to be, you had to put your freight by law. You had to put your freight on a train and then you could take it from where the train stopped to its ultimate destination on a truck. Now was that a formal order? Yes, that was a formal order. That wasn't just like, haha we laughed at it, people actually lived. So people conformed with that law. You needed a doctor's certificate to buy margarine. And that was to protect the dairy industry. Now people lived in accordance with that as well? Oh you couldn't really get margarine for that reason. I mean there was no margarine market because you know, if you wanted to, there was complete control of foreign currency, you couldn't get foreign currency, you had to apply to the government to get it. One of the guys who was a big figure in my political party I got involved with later was, tells a nice story about his mother wanting to buy a book from overseas. And she went to apply for her foreign currency from the government. And she was asked, well why do you want this book? And why don't you just go to the library and get it? So ultimately you had to get permission from government bureaucrats to do the simplest things like buying a book. When you went on a holiday, if you wanted to go on a holiday overseas, you had to apply to the government to get the foreign currency to spend there. And the way it worked is you'd have to present your flights, your tickets, showing how, that proved how long you'd be away. And there was an allowance for how much money you could have for each day that you were away. But it wasn't enough, right, to stay at an ice hotel or anything overseas. So what people would do is they'd buy gold chains and they'd wear them as they left and then they'd sell them when they got overseas so they'd have enough money. Every import was licensed. You couldn't import anything. Cars, and the way you got rich in New Zealand was that you would get close to the government, or to politicians, and you'd get an import license. And if you got an import license you had exclusive rights to import something. One of the richest families in New Zealand is the Todd family. The Todd family had licensed to import cars. Cars in New Zealand, you wouldn't believe how much they cost. So it was an extraordinary, extraordinary illiberal country. Homosexuality was illegal in New Zealand until 1985. If you knowingly rented your property to a homosexual, that was a crime. So you get the picture, right? And the top rate of tax, my father was paying 66% income tax on the top bit of his income. So that was the situation. And it all radically changed from 1984 when the new government came in. But if you grew up in that environment and your father's living under that regime economically, and I watched him struggling. He was a businessman. He was always struggling with the government. And you react to that.  Now it's faded off. People of my generation and around, a little older, a little younger, that's where you find this clustering of libertarians. Younger people who grew up in the more liberal regime, they're now, they're not libertarians anymore. They're probably social justice warriors. Because they take all of this for granted. They don't understand what it's like when they get what they want. If they were to get what they wanted, or they think they want, we'd effectively start going back to the old regime that we had, because social justice warriors always want the government to control the economy, because they want economic outcomes to be the result of judgments by wise people, not free transactions. Because free transactions don't end up giving them the pattern that they desire. They have a vision of society, which markets don't guarantee that outcome. So they want to take over the economy. But they would eventually end up back where we were, with cronyism. Because somebody's got to get the contract to supply whatever it is. And so it's the friends of the politicians who get it. And well, that's why I'm a libertarian. I'm not a libertarian, by the way, in any particular sense. I don't follow Ayn Rand. She's in that case. And I'm not a Nozikian or anything like that. I just mean, by libertarian, I'm just wanting a simple word for classical liberal. So I've always been one, is the answer. There wasn't some great moment when I became one. What has changed is...  So there was an emotional element to it. And that's always been there. Then when I started studying philosophy, I found discovered Nozik and people like that. And for a while I believed in natural rights, but I quickly gave up on them. And then later I discovered the more economically based free market people in Hayek and so on. And that's really where I'm coming from nowadays. I'm really a utilitarian. I don't believe in natural rights. I do it in a tenuated sense, but let's not get boring. I don't believe in them in the way that natural rights theorists do. And the reason in favor of free markets is that I think people flourish under them. That's very interesting. I suspect there is a similar corollary in the states that there are a lot of people right now, the social justice warriors, especially the loudest, who haven't a clue about history and about the implementation of their vision onto the world and what actually happens in the real world. When you use that phrase, are you familiar with the work of Thomas Sowell? Yeah. So that makes me think the vision of the anointed about how everything is going to be equal and distributed across every person in that particular society. And it doesn't really matter the failures of that implementation to get that vision. Even if it causes misery, it doesn't matter. It's everything gets sacrificed to try to achieve that envision. And unfortunately, at least in the states, it sounds like maybe here, the millennial generation is not particularly open to rational, reasonable discussion about the principles in economics, about the principles in history. There's the march mentality, like we're seeing in the states right now, even a little bit of violence. People that are social justice warriors are bumping up against some resistance. They're not trying to persuade.  I agree with you entirely. And I think that the way I kind of put it is, if you know that saying it's American one, is that all you got? Well, all they've got is a profound sense of their own righteousness. They know nothing about political philosophy, about economics, about the history of political systems and what's happening. They know nothing and they don't care because they don't need to know that because they're righteous.  And they're self-indulgent. It's an utter self-indulgence because they're not at all serious about what would happen if they had their way. They're just expressing themselves and it's important to them too that they're better than you. That's an important part of it too. They can't just be good, they've got to be better. But I think it's a product of the way they've been raised because they've been told that they're special from a very young age and more importantly they've been told that their opinions matter even when they're totally ignorant. My daughters are going through schooling here and they're invited to have opinions on topics that they don't even begin to understand. I think that's giving them ideas about their station. Thomas Sowell's a great example. Thomas Sowell was just studying until he was about 45. He hardly published anything. And now the guy's got such a body of knowledge. He's an amazing man. But there's a kind of seriousness about him, a kind of humility. There's absolutely no humility in the social justice warriors. And as you say, it's pure signalling. Well I think that's an interesting way of putting it, that they're invited to have opinions about topics they don't understand because what you get is the only way that they generate their opinion is by their immediate feeling about something. So it goes straight from, well this is how I feel, that's bad. Therefore that is my rationally held and stated position and that's really what you get when you scratch the surface of a lot of these people. And there's no system in their thought. So the Frederick Bastia's point about the scene and the unseen. Well they're utterly obsessed with the scene. So there's something that has grabbed their attention. Let's say, and sometimes it's just an image. Let's say it's a sweatshop in Indonesia. And they go boohoo, that's bad, we don't like the sweatshop. Those people look at them, they look uncomfortable and unhappy in that sweatshop. So obviously again everything to them, it's always obvious that the solution is the power of the state. So it should be shut down or the government should ban the purchase of products made in those places. And then now they've done something righteous. They've saved those people. What have they? Where do those people go once the sweatshops shut down? By hypothesis, the sweatshop was the best job opportunity those people had, otherwise they wouldn't have taken it. Now you've eliminated their best job opportunity because it offended you.  You've hurt them. You must have hurt them because you took away what they considered to be their best option. If you sent them enough money that they didn't need to work anymore in the sweatshop, you've done them a favor. But of course that actually costs you. One of the other things about, they want righteousness at no cost. So they can go and cry in a march and fall on the ground in a weep and they're having a whale of a time. But it costs them nothing and it does no one any good. You know the old idea of Christian charity which was that you didn't even mention it. You just did it and nobody knew that you had done it. They're the absolute opposite of that. They do no good at all but they draw endless attention to their own virtue. I can't tell you how sickening I find them. I'm glad that you can really say that because there is very much a strong counter, it's almost a counter-cultural, the new counter-cultural movement is like a counter-counter-cultural movement in the sense that those people think, the social justice warriors think that they're railing against the man and the injustice in the world and yet the real radicals now are to reject that kind of popular social signaling and say, look let's take a rational approach to look at the problems in quotes of the sweatshops in India. Like yeah the image upsets you but like you say there's the seen and then there's the unseen and the sad reality is in a circumstance like that and a UNICEF did a study where, I don't know if it was a sweatshop it was child labor laws. They said in India too many young people are working in factories so we're going to ban people from, I don't know what it was, nine or something, 13 or something crazy from working in those factories. And then they did a study that said sure enough child labor went down in the factories, wow but there was a spike in child prostitution. There's no picture of this. About to guess that. And there'll be hungry families. Exactly. As I say there's no system in the thought and there's a dominant, what's happening it seems to me culturally with young people is the triumph of sentiment over reason. The terribly sentimental. And partly that's because the triumph over reason is partly because there has over the last 40 years been systematic undermining of the value of reason within the academy. When I was studying for my PhD at Cambridge I was associated with the philosophy faculty obviously but also there was a department of the history of science which I had a lot to do with because I did philosophy of science work. And within that there were the kind of philosophers and then there were the sociologists. The historians of science were often kind of sociologists and there was something known as the sociology of science which was a hot topic at the time. And most of the sociologists of science were so-called relativists about truth. So they didn't believe that there was any scientific reality that scientists discovered. They said that scientists kind of created a dominant narrative that got accepted. And the reason the earth orbits, does the earth orbit the sun? Well, according to these guys, well that's what people say, you know. And that narrative has won out and so the scientists will go along with it. They made that fact. They didn't discover it. It was by making that idea the dominant narrative the scientists created the fact that this was the kind of view going around. And so they didn't believe in any objective reality and they saw science as a purely sociological process in which some groups got dominant over others. And if you think about reason and reality in that way, of course there's no particular why bother studying economics because it's all just a battle of wills. And if I say to these social justice warriors, well you're wrong about what's causing the problems you think are problems and about what the solutions are. You don't understand the various effects and you bring up economic theory, let's say. They will see what you're doing as a mere attempt to bully them because there isn't any truth in them. They don't believe in all of that stuff. They are the righteous ones. You're the bad one. You can tell you are partly because you're a white man and they need to win because they're on the good side. And so the best thing is to, for example, no platform you don't allow you to say those things. It's a pure battle. It's not a battle of ideas. It's not a battle of who's right about the reality because they've rejected all that stuff. It's a simple battle. It's a simple power struggle. And they believe that they can kind of... It's totally nuts, right? But that is how they see it, I think. Okay, so forget everything I wanted to talk to you about. Let's talk about that. And you've just stated a position that I've suspected and a lot of people are talking about that I think is true, that in a very real way this movement that we're talking about, the social justice movement, is an outgrowth, an extension or an expression, a philosophy. Yeah. And perhaps a demonstration, not only of why philosophy is important, but if you get the fundamentals wrong, if your position is, no, there's no such thing as objective reality, that might have some very real consequences. Not immediately. Maybe it starts in the Oxford discussion when it gets into the general public. It trickles through. I don't believe in trickle-down economics, but I do believe in trickle-down ideology. Right. Yeah, I saw this. At the time, I just thought the people I was dealing with, because I'll give you an anecdote. After I finished my PhD, I got a fellowship at Cambridge, and I had to give a talk to my college that I was a fellow of that was accessible to non... because I was one of two philosophers there. The college is all mixed up. It's quite nice. You've got historians and scientists and very kinds. So I gave this talk. And it was called Relativism is Absolutely False. Yeah. And they enjoyed it, the general audience, because a lot of them were frustrated by dealing with relativists in their own subject area. They have common sense. And one guy, who was particularly keen on it, he was one of those guys, he was an anthropologist, kind of a historical anthropologist. He'd done great work on migrations, you know, humans around the world. But he was always encountering relativism in his subject. And in his subject, it took the form of native people saying, no, no, your theories are all wrong. You know, they're based on genetic evidence and all that kind of thing. But that's just culture. That's just intellectual imperialism. We have our own myths. The Aborigines come from the... They don't come from where you say they come from. They come from the belly of a lizard, because that's our story. And how dare you approach it your way, because that's just Anglo-Saxon or European intellectual imperialism when you tell me that the Aborigines migrated from here to there. Who was that saying this? He would encounter this when he was doing his work. Amongst his colleagues? Some of his colleagues, for example, he spoke about a particular Aboriginal professor of anthropology who would say this. This was actually a professor of anthropology who would say, we come from a lizard's belly. Again, you see, I don't think he really believed they came from a lizard's belly. It was a struggle.  And there was a culture of fear. He told me that when a conference where this guy was talking all this crap, he was the only one who was willing to stand up and argue with him because all the others were too scared. And this, by the way, is the early 90s. We had the same talk about relativism as absolutely false at the History and Philosophy of Science department. And it's all normal argument, philosophical type argument, but more clear than usual because I'd written it for a non-specialist audience. And it was full of arguments, and it was pretty clear. And at the end of it, some people engaged with the argument, but one guy, one of the leading sociologist types, relativist, stood up and he didn't deal with my argument at all. He said that I should be ashamed of myself for having given such a talk to this audience.  It's outrageous. And then everybody, when people came up and said, I've got tuttered for weeks, people were shaking their head of dismay that I'd done this. Yeah, because they're not interested in the truth, right? They're not interested. That wasn't what was going on. They're staking out their turf and you've got no right to challenge their ideas. This isn't a university. This isn't Cambridge University, right? So I should have seen all this coming. I thought it was some crackpot bunch within a little branch of academia, but of course students have gone through and been taught all this. If you do a course in almost any subject now in the humanities, you'll get a methodological chat around the fringes of it, most of which is kind of relativistic. For example, history, you'll get all sorts of stuff now about who's history, as if there are no facts of history, right? There's just different people telling different versions of events and they tell those versions in accordance with their background or their cultural context. And there's no... You can't say, no, you're wrong. You've got the facts wrong. Actually, this happened. That's just imperialism. Right. Everybody's gone through this, so it's no wonder to me that the social justice warriors are okay, so there's two points here. One, it sounds like... So this is a blunt way of putting it. There's a lot of belief by regular folk who haven't had the elite education that when you go to a university that's that elite like Cambridge or Oxford or Harvard, you get, in essence, an anti-education. Insofar as you might go in thinking, believing in such naive things as objective truth and objective facts and then you... some of that high-level relativism, you'll learn that those beliefs are kind of weak and then you'll discover the truth, which is that there is no truth and if that's a contradiction, well, that's part of them. That's the part of the pull of it. So, that's the first part. Do you think that it's fair to say that the regular uneducated in quotes suspicion of higher ed and this is back in the 80s you're talking about. Late 80s, early 90s. It seems like it's only gotten worse since I know I have an undergraduate education. Do you think that there's some truth to say there is a bit of foundational chopping at people's intellectual foundations when they're talking about something as essential as whether or not there's even truth in the first place? Well, I'll start by saying that most of the sciences are unaffected by this. Not all, actually. Some of the more sciences that interact with human matters and social sciences, let's say, are heavily affected by it. Maybe you don't think of them as sciences, but a lot of the sciences are free of all this nonsense, physics and so on. Then, within the humanities and the social sciences there is still some great stuff being done. So I don't want to say general, but I think that in general, most people who go and study humanities at most universities probably do themselves mental damage. They'd be better off. They'd have a clearer understanding of the world.  For example, who would believe who hadn't gone to university would believe that the son is a social construct.  The left there's been a hijacking of higher education and perhaps even secondary education and primary education by a world view by people who have that world view and it takes incredible resilience to go through the process and come out the other end without being imbued with that world view. In fact, I suspect I was. It took me up to a point I never went for the relativism but it took me quite a long time after leaving university to get over certain kinds of ideas about I think the mistake I made, I thought that everything had to be organized. On this world view all order, all cooperation has to be planned by an authority. I had no idea when I left how much of the world was spontaneous order and I think that the socialist world view that most people have they don't even realize it's the socialist world view or it's the statist world view is that they can't even imagine voluntary and spontaneous solutions to the problems that they think the state is the solution to and that's partly because they don't know enough they know nothing of the pre-state world. In New Zealand, New Zealand is particularly bad in this regard because New Zealand is roughly in the late 19th century it's a very young country and the state had already started to take off in Europe first in Germany and Britain followed a little later to have big state apparatus but by the time New Zealand was really developed the state was already doing a lot of things that it hadn't done in the past like for example providing railways and providing schools and all that kind of thing and most New Zealanders can't even imagine private provision of these things and I think that's one of the and of course they're hidden from them the education system never tells them but of course because they will work for the state they've got an interest in not passing on this bit of information and they also genuinely don't know I had to learn a lot of that after I left the academy and I think most New Zealanders most Brits, most Americans can't imagine food safety I remember once somebody telling me food safety, somebody telling me that they would come over to my view of things my liberal, I'm truly liberal libertarian view of things if I could do one thing and I'd never be able to do what she suggested which is to say how there could possibly be food safety without the state which is really amazing because when you think of it one thing that consumers really will demand the idea that nobody would demand it and it wouldn't be supplied if the state didn't force it on everybody is utterly ludicrous you know these grading systems in New Zealand you see them in A usually and behind the counter of a food server which is a certification that the kitchen is clean that would be supplied privately but people they can't even imagine it they say I'm against health and safety rules again they think there would therefore be no health, there would be no safety workplaces would be completely dangerous I think part of it is they don't understand price mechanisms I think that's correct and I think they don't understand the power that the consumer has because they view an exchange where I'm buying a sandwich as like a power exchange that person's got the goods and I'm like subjected to them and hoping they don't poison me with their sandwich I would discuss I think this gets to the heart of forget the metaphysical or the epistemological wonkiness that we were discussing earlier if you think about a world view that is the foundation of the anti-market sentiment that is prevalent now is seeing power everywhere in markets so they see all market interactions as being a strong party pushing around a weak party and oddly sometimes it's the consumer that has the power and sometimes it's the supplier that has the power so for example if I go shopping for food at a supermarket they see me as the victim and the supermarket is the menace if that's in that case the consumer's the victim in labor relations they see it the other way around so if I'm supplying my labor and you're buying my labor then I'm the victim it's really very very strange if you talk to actual employers they'll point out how desperately hard they find it to get and keep good stuff they feel very vulnerable similarly if you're a consumer of look at normal consumers the deal they get just keeps getting better and better why because the suppliers have not got any power they can't make you buy their stuff you've got to choose to buy their stuff and various suppliers are competing for that so of course you get a better deal the social justice warriors they would replace all of that with their own edicts you will have this because this is what you deserve but it'll be crap you may deserve it but you probably don't want it so I wonder kind of in conclusion here going back to the phenomena that happened at Cambridge and Oxford where was it particularly there just across the board so first of all it is fascinating and tragic that there would be such a popular anti-intellectual belief coming at the highest levels of academia anti-intellectual in the sense that fundamentally opposed to even the idea of the pursuit of truth because they reject the idea of there being a truth I would consider that explicitly anti-intellectual so it's sad, it's tragic it's got these consequences in society but there's a really interesting question that I haven't solved yet which is why is it so popular because it's easy well but in the higher levels of academia is it because what I suspect is it has some intimate connection with politics there's some hook that people on the left get when you undercut this idea of objective truth it's like it is a way for the left in particular I think because arguments aren't on their side for political, philosophical reasons where if they can make it not about the facts and then make it about intentions and feelings and about power that gives them a little bit of an edge well I can help to connect this to the left for you, why it's the left in particular who like this idea and it's because once you say okay there's no truth and there's no rationality there's just a conflict of ideologies or worldviews coming out of different groups then you add on which group should win well obviously the historical victims should win women, racial minorities or it would be dreadful if the already rich and powerful would win in this struggle now it just so happens that people on the left are the representatives of the poor and the racial minorities and the women and so they win by default if you get rid of truth and reason they triumph because they are the representatives of the group who must be favoured in the competition so you know all this stuff about intersectionality and the whole point is that it's the most disadvantaged like the lesbian disabled black woman whose view must carry the most weight that suits that idea suits the political left because they want to pursue the policies that they think will benefit those people so there is a direct connection let me do some big big history here and I think you had authoritarianism as a kind of intellectual model prior to the enlightenment and the authorities were kings priests what they said went then you have the enlightenment there is actually reality and we can discover what it is through scientific methods and kind of enquiry and people like you and me I suspect love that and we think this is what it was that change of attitude that explains all the progress we've made over the last few hundred years and then but then people are rejecting it actually they're rejecting those enlightenment ideals they're going back to the pre-enlightenment thing where it's authority but they're inverting it it's no longer the strong and dominant you get to tell you how it is it's the weak and vulnerable so it's a return to the pre-enlightenment authoritarian model about how you arrive at opinions but inverted socially you see this all the time so that's a long version of it think about what happened on the political left originally the left in politics in Britain was people in my opinions the left party in Britain were the left wing and they were opposing the conservatives the right wing and the liberals the left wing were in favour of free markets especially free trade they were very keen on it then the labour movement emerges a bit later and they reject liberalism they go back to authoritarianism just like the conservatives had had it's in the interest of the workers it's a similar pattern you see the thing you've gone from an authoritarian model to a liberal model then back to an authoritarian model but with a different group of people doing the authorizing so what do you think about this I like that except there's one variable here that makes me think maybe that power structure is not quite as inverted because there are many cases now of people who are traditionally in those groups like homosexuals in the United States who express conservative opinions or black individuals in the United States they express their interest in free markets and they're immediately seen as part of the oppressing group so it's not their status in terms of their their social position or their qualities if they're disabled it's more like if they're towing that party line so that makes me think it still smells like it's a powerful group of people that are just using that to maintain their yeah, sorry I agree with you Thomas Sowles and Uncle Tom they don't care about the disadvantaged groups they're using them they're pets I need to be given privileges because I'm representing the victims, it's the representatives of the victims do you really think black leaders in America these kind of hucksters like Al Sharpton and so on, do you think they've benefited black people? they've benefited themselves enormously apparently on behalf of black people but the black people are there for them they see the black people we have this in New Zealand there's something called the Maori Party who represent obviously Maori interests and they are very keen on, they're very paternalistic towards Maori I was in a debate with a woman who's one of the leaders of the Maori Party about whether there should be sugar taxes and she's very keen on sugar taxes because some Maori are overweight and she was very keen on very punitive tobacco taxes because Maori smoke disproportionately and I've been advocating the right of people to make these trade-offs for themselves and she was very hostile to this kind of view and at one point I blurted out I think she hates me now that I seem to have more respect for her people as she describes them than she does and her vision was of her as being some kind of nobility noble member and all her people as she kept saying were the little people who she would look after and she was their shepherd so to speak and of course I find that disgusting I don't want people to be sheep I want them all to be independent human beings but you can see that she wouldn't have a political career she wouldn't have a status if those people were independent human beings she needs them to be down because how else could she be their protector Now do you think this is so or do you think that this is genuinely the individuals who view themselves as just virtuous enough to be a shepherd even at the top levels yeah I don't think it's conscious I don't think they bring it to consciousness why would you bring that to consciousness that's not going to help you do a good job even you need to really pipe yourself up to believe that you believe that you're doing all this for their good you'll be a much better con man if you can do that I had a guy who worked for once who was a terrible liar and the funny thing is I watched him lie and the way he built up to lying to our clients is that he first started practicing on me a bit of being in the office and he'd say something and I said that didn't happen and he'd go he'd laugh the first time then he'd say it again and he keeps saying it and after a while I fell silent and then I'd hear him telling a client on the phone and he'd been he'd been warming up and honestly by the time he'd finished with this he seemed to believe it so I don't think if you're going to be alive you're going to do these things you need to convince yourself I think Hillary Clinton probably really believes that she was going to help women and poor people in America and all that but that somehow she has a sanctity to her I think it's a very charitable well I'm not sure if that's charitable it is either the case that she's self-deluded in that respect yeah she's self-deluded, that's what I mean see my suspicion, specifically with that case maybe not with the others that one I think is just a case of pure selfishness but others I think you're right I think on the whole you kind of have to be you have to afford yourself to do it and to do it effectively that you didn't ask which is but I want to answer it which is you ask me if I feel bad because I give these cold economic arguments it's not if you feel bad it's if you find it difficult to engage with people that keep insisting you must be heartless but I think this relates to the scene and the unseen thing because you get these characters who point to some problem which they're going to alleviate through force of the state and that looks like they care and you don't but so I want to point out there are all these other effects and they're harmful to many people and it seems to me that though not as sentimental because you're taking a systemic approach you don't pick out a sobbing child it's not as sentimental it is actually more compassionate because you're taking kind of everything not the ones that you happen to have noticed and got all your feelings worked up about so it doesn't give you the same it doesn't look as nice it's not as flashy but it's actually more virtuous I believe and I wish I could get people to see this but I can't I think this is a universal problem with libertarians I was talking to a professor at Harvard specifically about this that especially when you're talking about trade-offs so when you're talking about welfare for example you could make a very strong case that like welfare in the United States actively hurts the well-being of those that's designed to help however in changing that system to benefit more people individuals are going to lose out on benefits and may have difficulties in their lives and to make that case for the greater good kind of a utilitarian approach has this image because you can zoom in on the people that are being hurt by the change in policy it's got this image problem and I don't know exactly how to solve it other than just the rationalist approach that doesn't seem to persuade them I'll give you a very contemporary example of people only looking at one side of a problem on a vent I believe that we've just done an executive order to reintroduce the global gag that you know the thing where any charity getting US government aid money overseas can't mention or encourage or even mention abortion now there were headlines here saying that this was robbing women of their right to an abortion well first off it isn't because it doesn't get changed the law in those countries it just doesn't sponsor abortion so it hasn't removed their right actually I was pointing out Samoa doesn't fund any such charities has Samoa ever been accused of removing women's right to an abortion anyway never mind that but think of the other side of the equation this is a tax money right so tax money is removed from people on threat of imprisonment many many Americans are anti-abortion a lot is it okay to confiscate people's money on threat of imprisonment and then use it for a purpose to which they are deeply morally opposed is that okay I think that looks bad right as a principal yeah that looks bad to me and yet the people getting hysterical about this terrible action by Trump they don't ever bother to tell you why it's okay to force people to donate money to charities they're opposed to why don't and oddly enough I know this very well I know that if I brought this up in the media in New Zealand they would think I was an ideological maniac right and I'm a mean guy they would they would think I assure you and yet I just I'm out of tune with the current sentiments they don't people got no qualms about using force to have their will done so if I think abortion is a good thing I don't then hesitate to force people who disagree with me to fund it they don't see any problem with that I think that's an awesome note to end on so thanks so much for this conversation it's been great thank you it's gonna have a drink alright that was my conversation with Dr. Jamie White I'm sure you guys enjoyed it I certainly did Dr. White and I also had a fantastic conversation afterwards I probably should have recorded it about politics about the political situation in New Zealand the political situation in the United States I'm sure you guys would have appreciated that interesting classically liberal analysis if you like these conversations you appreciate the show and the project and the mission of what I'm trying to do then check out patreon.com slash Steve Patterson a patron of the show and a special shout out to all of the patrons right now I think we're about 75 or so so thanks guys you are helping make this show possible alright that's all I have for you today enjoy your week


My fellow Americans this weekend marks the 90th observance of Labor Day, a well-deserved tribute to the working men and women whose dreams and hard work helped build America into the greatest nation in the world. We know that what is good for the American worker is good for America, and as we prepare for a new season of work, I believe there's good reason for giving a hopeful thumbs up. The outlook on Labor Day weekend 1984 is for a continuation of strong, steady economic growth, more jobs, and low inflation. We still have great challenges to meet, which I'll speak about in a moment. But we should also recognize the progress we've made together. It's an important source of confidence and inspiration for our future. In the last 19 months, the jobless rate has fallen farther and faster than any recovery in the last 30 years. We've seen the creation of six and a half million new jobs. The United States has created on average more jobs each month than all the common market countries combined in the last 10 years. The Soviets, the Europeans, are calling our success the American miracle. A case in point is the automobile industry. Unemployment peaked at 28 percent in 1980. By this July, auto industry unemployment was down to 6.1 percent, and there were 153,000 more people at work in auto industry jobs than four years ago. A key reason the job growth has been so strong is our success in keeping inflation down. We haven't seen unemployment and inflation drop during any term since the Kennedy administration. And we're determined to bring inflation further down, just as we're determined to simplify our tax system so we can bring your tax rates further down, not up, as my opponent would do, harming the growth and progress we've made. With inflation and tax rates down, the American miracle can continue. Interest rates can come down further. People's earnings can continue to buy more. Investment and productivity can keep on growing. New businesses can develop new products and markets. More jobs can be created, and all Americans can share in a dynamic, exciting future. Our future can be one of boundless opportunity if we challenge the limits of growth through reforms like tax simplification and fight inflation by passing two long overdue reforms, the balanced budget spending, limitation amendment, and the line item veto. We must also meet the challenge of pushing back our newest frontiers of science, high technology, and space. It's been estimated that high technology industries create jobs eight times as fast as low technology industries. Just as important, the knowledge we gain from the technological revolution enables our older industries to modernize their plants and equipment, increase their ability to compete in the world, and maintain and expand their workforce. Our citizens need training to step into these jobs, and that's why we initiated the Job Training Partnership Act. That act will train more than one million people a year to become productive, self-supporting citizens in the private economy. One sure way to spur jobs through new technology is by promoting more research. On Thursday morning, I visited the employees of Goddard Space Flight Center, and assured them our administration will continue its strong support for research and development, particularly in our universities. Between 1981 and 1985, federal investment in basic research will have increased by almost 30 percent in real terms. The importance of research work in universities reminds us that we must go forward with our agenda for excellence in education, so today's students at the elementary and secondary school level can go on to college and acquire the knowledge to work in our rapidly changing world. At the same time, we must stimulate economic development in inner city areas that have not benefited from technological innovation or the economic expansion. We've proposed enterprise zones, offering strong incentives for people to start up new businesses in up to 75 areas of high unemployment, and a youth employment opportunity wage to open up job opportunities and reduce the high levels of teenage unemployment, especially among black youth. Both enterprise zones and the youth employment opportunity wage would reduce dependency, providing new hope for millions, and they're supported by a broad coalition of minorities. But both have been blocked by the Democratic House leadership, the very people who profess compassion. Americans aspiring to lift themselves up should never be held down by partisan politics. We will keep our economy strong and we will not rest until it can bring a job to the home of every American. Until next week, thanks for listening. God bless you.