Let's face it, sex is a healthy and important aspect of life.  Not only that, sex can also increase emotional intimacy and bonding between couples. However, it's normal to go through phases of low sexual desire and decreased libido, especially during stressful or challenging times, such as dealing with school, work, or even grief. Everyone goes through it. Prioritizing and nurturing one's sex life is not only important, but guess what?   Exercise Did you know exercise can get your body moving in more ways than one? Any form of exercise, whether it's at the gym, park, or dance class, can set your libido and sex drive in motion. According to research conducted by Ph.D. professor Leah Gianin, published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, exercise of any kind can have a very positive impact on sexual functioning and arousal. Not only that, regular exercise can also enhance your sexual performance and improve your confidence. According to Healthline, writer Nicole Davis mentions that this is due to exercise improving overall health, muscle strength, and stamina, which are factors that benefit your performance in the bedroom, which in turn boosts confidence. Some experts even argue that sex is a form of exercise. Similar hormones are released during sex and exercise, such as endorphins, which function to reduce and relieve feelings of stress and pain, and can trigger feelings of pleasure throughout the body. According to a medical doctor and clinical professor at UCLA, Dr. Joseph Pinzone, in a WebMD article, sex not only helps burn calories, but it also improves heart health, such as raising your heart rate and lowering blood pressure.  So how is masturbation related to mental health or psychology? According to a medically reviewed article by Healthline, research shows that masturbation releases several different happiness hormones with significant benefits such as dopamine, which is a chemical released in the brain associated with feelings of pleasure and motivation, and oxytocin, which is associated with bonding, intimacy, and stress reduction. In addition, you also release endorphins, the mighty pain reliever of the brain. As mentioned earlier, endorphins play a role in promoting relaxation and decreasing anxiety and stress. Masturbation can also help individuals understand and learn about their bodies, and at the same time help them connect mentally with their needs and desires. This is important because being attuned with our own physical and mental needs helps us communicate what we want or don't want in the bedroom. This is especially important when deciding to have consensual sex with another person. Moreover, discovering what we enjoy during masturbation improves our confidence and communication in the bedroom.  In many ways, it's a form of empowerment. Masturbation can help us take the reins of our sex life and explore our bodies as we please. Remember, self-pleasure is self-care.  Like anything in life, communication is key and can make a significant difference. A research study published in the Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy conducted by the Psychology Department at the University of Utah found that a lack of communication is strongly correlated with sexual dysfunction. The study found that there are noticeable differences in the communication patterns of couples experiencing sexual difficulties in comparison to couples without sexual dysfunction. The couples experiencing dysfunction in their sex life demonstrated poor communication skills, such as being less receptive to each other's ideas and suggestions, and blaming one another. Open communication about sex isn't just limited to couples. It should occur with sexual partners regardless of their commitment level. Although communication around sex can be awkward at first, no one should ever feel ashamed to voice their needs, desires, or concerns. Because it's your body and you deserve to be heard.  Getting quality sleep is associated with a higher sex drive and can even increase libido. Conversely, research shows that sleep deprivation is linked to sexual dysfunction, decreased arousal, and infertility.  Let's put it this way. Sex and sleep are two variables that are strongly connected to one another.  Sex improves the quality of your sleep and can reduce stress and anxiety. Essentially, it's a win-win, because who doesn't love sex and sleep? So what do you think? Have you tried any of the following tips? Let us know in the comments. If you enjoyed this video, share it with others. Thanks so much for watching, until next time.


As was mentioned, I'm an environmental geochemist, more like an environmental chemist by training. And my work relates to geochemical processes in porous media like soils and sediments and fractured rock. And what I do in my group is depicted by those iconic images. We do novel experiments, particularly high pressure experiments. And we combine it with advanced materials characterization as well as reactive transport modeling at a variety of scales. And you will today hear about my research. But before I get into the nuts and bolts of those details, I would like to step back and talk a little bit about the big picture that motivates me. The real overarching guiding grand challenge that inspires me every day is that we must prepare for a future that is a sustainable future that provides the world's energy needs while also protecting natural resources and not jeopardizing human health in the environment. And that is what inspires me. But when I think about that, to me, that's a call to action for transforming the view of how humans interact with the subsurface. To me, this is the century of the subsurface. The subsurface environment is a vast opportunity for shifting the way we think about how we can use the subsurface, not just for extracting fossil fuels, but also for technologies for protecting the environment and minimizing climate change. And so I want to take probably 10 minutes or so to talk about my views about this with a particular focus on geologic carbon sequestration and the role of geological processes, particularly as it relates to reliability of geologic carbon sequestration. So I have about, I think, five slides on this big picture. And then there will be a transition point where I will be happy to tell you about my work in geochemical processes. OK, this is a graphic I like to use to talk about the subsurface environment. This is a graphic produced by the Department of Energy for their subter initiative. And I like this because it shows the way we currently use the subsurface and the potential ways that we can use the subsurface, as I mentioned, for better protecting the environment, such as through geothermal energy and expanding the use of the subsurface for energy storage, which is therefore an enabling technology for intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar, as well as for a geologic carbon sequestration, which is down here in the middle. All of these processes require that we understand how fluids behave in the subsurface, where they go. If we're going to put fluids someplace where we want them to stay, we need to know that we have reliably contained fluids. So this is an important part of subsurface science. And I think there's a lot of research opportunities going forward in this area. And my own particular interests are related to, as I said, the geochemical processes that are at play. So now I'd like to focus on geologic carbon sequestration. And I'm going to start with this image here on the left, which is from Rob Socklow's paper from 2005. And it's a depiction of what is carbon capture and sequestration, of which geologic carbon sequestration is one part. So just so we're all on the same page, carbon capture and sequestration refers to capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources, such as coal-fired power plants, and then separating that gas from other gases, compressing it and transporting it to a place where it can be injected deep underground and reliably stored for many, many years, or indefinitely. And just to make it real, I put a photo here that I have from Canada. And Alberta, Canada, they have a very nice field research station run at the University of Calgary. And so this photo captures some of the elements of what a carbon injection site would have. Most importantly, the wellhead. This site has a large tank of CO2, as you can see in the background, which supplies this. And this is a research site as opposed to a commercial project. But I just wanted you to get a sense of what it looks like at the land surface. I put a little photo here from the 2015 Paris climate meeting. I put this here just to make the point that all indicators are that the analyses that are done for climate models, climate technologies that would stabilize the climate and the techno-economic models and analysis, all of them are in agreement that CCS is a key part of solving the problem to stabilize the climate. And so this is one of the motivating factors in this research and research of others. Well, what about the role of the United States? The United States is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Here I have a graphic of how the United States generates energy. So this is a graphic of energy consumption in the United States. And what you see is that fossil fuels still dominate energy consumption in the United States. And it has for about 100 years. So even though the use of fossil fuels has declined, it's still larger than 80%. And so we have all been pleased with how wind and solar have taken off, but they still remain a small part of the total energy generation in the United States. Worldwide, this figure of how much energy production comes from fossil fuels is about 40%. So it's smaller, but still significant. My next graphic is a concept graphic. And that is, CCS seems appropriately to be thought of as an enabling technology toward what will someday be a sustainable energy future someday. But currently, what's called the fleet of cold fired power plants around the world is the youngest it's ever been. Meaning that the number of plants that have been constructed in the last 10 years is larger than it's ever been. And so it seems unreasonable to imagine that those plants are going to shut down anytime soon. So given how coal is being used and will continue to be used for a long time, CCS seems an appropriate bridge technology to help us to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while burning fossil fuels. What is the current status around the world of CCS operations? Currently, there are 17 that are commercial scale. Primarily, they're North America, Europe, China, and Australia. And I'd like to, on the next slide, tell two stories about commercial scale operations in the United States. So I'll tell the story about the Petranova plant in Texas and the Kemper plant in Mississippi. These two, one is a success story and one is not a success story. The Petranova plant is a large coal fired, a powered plant near Houston, Texas. And the company Energy partnered with a Japanese company to add on the technology for carbon capture. So this is post combustion capture. And the Department of Energy invested hundreds of millions of dollars to ensure the success of this, identifying this as a project which would demonstrate how carbon capture technology could be added on to retrofit coal fired power plants. And this project came in under budget and ahead of schedule and began operating a year ago, January last year, with a big celebration in April of last year. So this is a success story. The graphic on the upper right goes along with this and it shows the carbon dioxide emissions at the plant before and after the carbon capture technology was put on. Now I should say that not all of the emissions are going through the carbon capture technology. There's a slipstream that's going to the carbon capture technology where that those emissions, there's a very efficient capture of CO2. It's something like 90% of the carbon dioxide in those emissions is captured. So there is a significant reduction and I wanna point out that to run a carbon capture facility costs energy. So they have a natural gas generator just to provide the power for the carbon capture technology, but still the net carbon dioxide emissions is less than what it was before. Here's one statistic. This site, this plant captures 5,000 tons of CO2 per day. There are all sorts of ways of thinking about what is 5,000 tons of CO2. But I like this equivalent. That's equivalent to 24 rail cars of coal, which is about half of a mile of a coal train. That much carbon captured every day. It's astounding. Okay, so that's a success story. This is a story that is also reached conclusion in 2017, but not successfully. So this first one was an example where an existing plant was retrofitted. The alternative way of capturing carbon dioxide is with a different technology where the carbon dioxide is taken out of the coal before it's combusted. So it's a gasification process. This one is called IGCC, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, where the CO2 is removed and the remaining hydrogen gas is burned just like natural gas. This project started in 2010 and it soon went way over budget by billions of dollars and DOE continued to invest in it. And finally, last year it was canceled. And I think now it remains as a natural gas combustion plant, but there's no hope to do carbon capture and there's no hope to do any gasification from the coal. So I bring up these two examples because this is an example of new technology. This is an example of application of existing technologies. But in both cases, we do need government incentives. And so I want to get to that on my next slide. But first, what happens to the CO2 that was planned for capture here and that is being captured there? In both cases, it's being used for enhanced oil recovery. CO2 is used in enhanced oil recovery. It's a very good solvent for liquid hydrocarbons. So in a site where there's residual oil that you can't get out through conventional means, you can flood it with carbon dioxide and it will mobilize the oil. And the rule of thumb that I have there is roughly speaking, half of the CO2 that you put in for enhanced oil recovery will stay underground. And the rest is going to come up with the oil where it can be recovered and reused. So some people say, well, that's not carbon sequestration. But I think of it this way. EOR, CCS, is a bridge to this bridge. CCS will have a hard time moving forward if there's not incentive to build these expensive carbon capture plants and the IGCC plants. But if there's an economic incentive, meaning that carbon dioxide that is produced is economically valuable to the oil and gas industry, then there's a reason why that will happen. So that's the bridge to the bridge. Now let me talk specifically about government incentives because there's something really good that happened this year. There are tax credits called the 45Q tax credits for carbon sequestration. And this is something that has existed for about a decade already. But it's this year that those tax credits were made significant enough to be actually attractive that economists are predicting that this is exactly what is need to move forward with CCS being economically favorable. So in the two columns here, you can see the old 45Q numbers where the two different numbers for carbon dioxide sequestration using EOR or for disposal in a saline aquifer, $10 and $20 per ton. But now it's up to $35 and $50 per ton. So it's believed that that's going to really change things and turn the tides for CCS. That is the end of my introduction. And now I want to tell you about my research. And so we're going to continue to focus on geologic carbon sequestration, but we're going to shift to talking about geochemistry now. And I'm going to start with a geophysics type figure. This is from Johnny Wright-Quist. This is a depiction of CO2 injection target formation underground, where CO2 would be injected. And the important thing about CO2 injection underground is that there are layers in sedimentary basins with different amounts of permeability. So if you put CO2 into a porous permeable formation, then overlying it somewhere would be an impermeable formation that we would call the cap rock. And that cap rock is important because it must reliably contain the buoyant CO2 that's put underneath it. And so what's depicted in this diagram is possibly there are ways that that cap rock may become fractured or faults might be activated through the pressure of injecting fluid. When I started this work, I started to think about not so much the fault activation, but I started to think about this from a chemistry standpoint because I'm a chemist. And very early on, I thought about when you put CO2 underground, the pressure is high enough that a lot of the CO2 will dissolve in water. So much so that the carbonic acid that forms in water becomes what we actually call a strong acid. If you learn about carbonic acid and freshman chemistry, it's in the category of it's under the column weak acid, but not underground. It's a strong acid. So you could have a pH perturbation that's significant. And if you introduce an acid into a formation that's not acidified, it can respond geochemically, meaning that minerals that are easily soluble acid will dissolve readily, quickly, fast. And so this is really what motivated me early on. And there was also an injection site in Michigan, in particular, where it was a demonstration project where CO2 was injected underneath a carbonate cap rock. And I said to my student, let's get some of that rock. Let's just do some experiments in the lab that simulate what would happen if you had a fracture in that rock and you pass through it, pressurized brine that's equilibrated with CO2. And so that was our first experiment. And I'm going to get to that. It's a little bit like this graphic here. Imagine that this portion here is the injection formation. In the aqueous phase, you have carbonic acid where the dominant anion is bicarbonate. And then if possible, if there's a connected flow path through the cap rock, then that acidified brine may flow through it. And then if there are carbonate minerals in that cap rock, then they can dissolve. Early on, we decided to simplify this geochemically. For those of you who do any geochemical modeling, you know that it can very quickly become onerous in terms of the number of reactions that are modeled. We decided to keep it simple, recognizing that calcium carbonate is really the only mineral we need to worry about because it's the only one that's sufficiently abundant, thermodynamically unstable in acid, and also kinetically fast reacting. It's the only one that meets those criteria and would significantly change the void space that would ultimately create permeability that wasn't there before or increased permeability. So you see this pH 3 to 5 here. That's a significant acidity that could be a chemical perturbation that wasn't there before. So on the next slide, I'm going to show you just an overview of how we do some of these experiments. We often do these at high pressures because in order to get that pH 3 in the water, we need to have enough CO2 in the water. We don't like to substitute by just using hydrochloric acid. The interesting thing, one of the interesting things is that the anion for this acid is carbonate, and the anion for what you're dissolving is also carbonate. So there are these complex nonlinear feedbacks that don't exist if you were to just look at it with hydrochloric acid or something. So we do it under high pressure with CO2, acidified brine. This particular experiment shows that we're using X-ray computed tomography during the experiment to look at the progression of the void space over time and see how that permeability might be evolving. This image here shows that we use fractured cores. We break them to fracture them. We don't cut them. And then one of the things that we do is we use the X-ray CT imaging to map the apertures onto a 2D plane. I'm going to show you a little bit more collectively how we look at the results from these experiments. And I'm going to do it focusing on this rock here. So this is the Amherstberg Limestone. This is the cap rock for the Michigan CO2 Injection Demonstration Site. And that was an interesting project. We paid attention to it carefully. That was a site that during their monitoring, they did end up having a lot of dissolution of that cap rock. And then they relabeled it. They called it enhanced storage capacity. And then the formation above it became the one they were calling the cap rock. So anyway, we're going to talk about that one. And if you can see it, this is an evaporate rock. And it's not a stratified shale like this one, Eau Claire shale. I don't know. Is there a tech person? Maybe there's something here. Maybe. OK, good. Yeah, I think it's a good idea to turn the lights down. OK, so on this next slide, I'm showing you some of the way we think we do our results. On the left-hand side are how we interpret the X-ray CT commuted tomography data. So as I said, we do 3D XCT imaging of the core. But one of the ways we look at the fracture is we just make a projection of the apertures onto a 2D plane. So here's an example of the results from that one of the experiments with the Amersberg limestone. Before, the apertures are all small and mostly uniform everywhere. And afterwards, the apertures have increased and there's a lot of heterogeneity. Another way we look at it is we look at the whole 3D structure. And so in a minute, I'm going to show you how we fly through this stack of scans to look at the 3D structure. And then the other thing we always do is after we're done looking at it as an intact specimen in 3D, then we section it in different ways and we look at it using the SEM, particularly with backscattered electron microscopy. And so, and I should say, then we quantify permeability. So we take those 2D aperture maps and we do a 2D model of the pressure flow field using the local cubic law model. And so for a given flow rate, we map the, we compute the pressure field for this 2D space. And then we have pressure gradient across the whole fracture as if you were to flow water through it and then we infer permeability and transmissivity. So I'm going to come back to this slide because I want to tell you about those SEM images in the upper right. But here's what I'm going to do. And I decided this on the plane yesterday. I was thinking like, you know, I have like 10 years worth of work I want to tell you all about. How am I going to do this? And I came up with this on the long flight from the east coast that I'm going to put all the results from about 10 years in this framework. And you're going to think it's very clever because I think it's clever. I'm calling this the permeability speedometer. When we flow acid through these rocks, usually the permeability increases because we're dissolving some amount of the rock. Usually it's the calcite what we're dissolving. So I have a speedometer here. And we'll take this benchmark here as there's no change in permeability. So everything to the right of this is a positive increase in permeability. Down here would be the permeability decreases. And up here I put another benchmark. And I'm calling it the base case. And this is a, if you could imagine a situation where we're just going to model how much would, how much mass, mineral mass would be dissolved over time if we just flow the acid through, let it get buffered as it goes along in 1D. But we don't account for any roughness or two-dimensional variation. It's just a 1D reactive transport model accounting for kinetics, but simple 1D reactive transport model. So that's my base case. And then I'm going to call things on this side is there is permeability increase, but it's less than expected. And similarly, permeability increase, but more than expected. That'll become more clear in a minute. But just to jump to the chase, this is what you're going to see at the end of the talk. You're going to see that we've found experiments that fit all over this map, including cases where the permeability decreases. This paper is titled, Dissolution Induced Permeability Decrease. So I'll get to that in a minute. So here's what I want to do. I'm going to show you animations of us flying through these cores. These are the XCT image stacks. On the left, I have this Amherstberg limestone that I've been telling you about. That's the cap rock for the Michigan demonstration site. On the right, I have the Indiana limestone. This is not a cap rock. The story about why we looked at the Indiana limestone is I had a student, Brian Ellis, who's now a professor at the University of Michigan, who did this experiment. And it ended up with such complexity that my next student said, get rid of all that complexity in the mineralogy. I'm just going to find a model rock that's spatially uniform one mineral. And then I'm going to control other factors, like the reactivity of the solution. So that student said, I'm going to look at the Indiana limestone and I thought, that's not going to be interesting, but OK. And it turns out it was interesting, but for a completely different reason is this one. So what I'm going to do when I click is you're going to fly through. This is animation. It's not an animation in time. You're flying through the stack of rocks. And what I want you to do is look. Did we get the lights changed? No. They did? OK. So I want you to look very carefully at the aperture change in the reacted rock for the Amherstberg limestone. And what you see is the aperture is larger. So yes, there has been a lot of mineral dissolved. But you don't see a nice, clean, smooth edge. This rock is a dolomitic limestone. So it's like a 50-50 mix of dolomite and calcite. The dolomite is soluble, but it's kinetically limited. And so it remains undissolved largely. And so what gets created there, and you can see it particularly there where it ended, is this matrix that we call the degraded zone that is pretty much dolomite where the calcite has been dissolved out of it. So that turned out to be a more complex scenario than what we thought it would be. And I'll get to that in a minute. And then this one is the one where it's only calcite. So there's not going to be any dolomite matrix left over. But we found something different about this experiment that you only get when you have a homogeneous rock. Is it going? So what you're seeing here is that there are parts of the fracture that remain closed completely. And then there are other parts of the fracture that where the aperture has increased substantially. And then when you get to the end, you get to a region where the amount that's reacted is really localized. Yeah. Yeah. For the purpose of the experimentation to keep the flow from going around the edges, not to study the geomechanical effects. So what you see at the very end is that the reacted zone is confined to a very small part of the fracture. And so this means that there has been a channel that has formed. And this is a phenomena that is really important in terms of permeability evolution. I think I got it in there twice. OK. So what we did with that first one, the one with the Amherstberg limestone where there was that degraded matrix, is that we did CFD modeling. So we made a finite element mesh of the fracture. And what we were able to do is compute the transmissivity before and after. And with modeling, it allowed us to think about that fracture in different ways. We ran the scenario of, what if that degraded dolomite part is actually part of the flow field? What if it's not at all part of the flow field? So we were able to explore a lot of things. But ultimately, the important thing is that there has been an increase in the transmissivity. But it turns out it's far less than what it would be if it were simply just a parallel, smooth, parallel place. So all of that roughness that got created, created tortuosity that wasn't there before. And I want to go back now to these images. So when we section it, we see a couple of things. There on the right, we see that dolomite matrix with the dissolved calcite that has come out of it. It's not clear to what extent that's playing a role in flow or not. And then this is the interesting image for me, because the direction of flow here, it would be up. And it's a sedimentary rock. So there are sometimes clay layers. And they form a stricture. And they're not going to dissolve any time fast under these conditions. And so all this calcite that's dissolving around it may not have the real controlling effect on the permeability, because that stricture will remain. And that actually shows up in the aperture map. Right in the middle, you see the blue band going across. That's actually that clay layer that's going to remain there unaffected. So if flow is going in this direction, that can control the permeability, despite the fact that there's all this dissolution of calcite around it. OK, so I've got to go ahead again here. OK, now I told you that the Indiana limestone is not a cap rock. And my student wanted to study it because it was mineralogically homogeneous. She's a scientist who likes controllable model systems. So this is the one that turned out to be interesting, because when you have a homogeneous rock, you can get channels. And you can't get this easily if it is mineralogically heterogeneous. And so this is an experiment where we did XCT imaging during the experiment. So we actually had aperture maps over time. So that's what you see here. And in the histogram of the apertures, you see initially the apertures are small. And we have a unimodal distribution. And over time, we end up with a bimodal distribution where that second mode is from all those large apertures, but only in the channel. So this is explainable, because in a rock like this, you can have a positive feedback. If there is any unevenness, then there's going to be more flow there, and so more delivery of acid there, and so more reaction there, and more removal of mass there. And so it's even bigger, so there's going to be more flow there. So the positive feedback makes the channel form larger over time and larger as you go downstream. And just to make the point about how important channels are in permeability evolution, I have two simple tracer flow simulations just to help you see the difference between before and after the channel is formed. And so the two panels in the red, I'm going to click, and you'll see the tracer go through. And you can compare before and after how fast it takes for the tracer to go through. So that's pretty much done now. And the red that remains is a little bit of tracer that has been transported laterally into the region where there isn't a lot of flow, and it'll pretty much stay there. And this one still hasn't made it to the outlet yet. OK, so I want to talk a little bit about how we're interpreting this experiment with the channel forming. So this is, let me explain this diagram here. The x-axis is the volume of the fracture relative to the initial volume. So it increases because calcite has dissolved. And on the x-axis, I have the permeability relative to the initial permeability. So both of these things are going up. And this baseline, this base case that I was talking about earlier, is right here in this red. And we had some uncertainty bounds because there's uncertainty about the kinetic coefficients for the reaction rate. But this is that 1D react transport simulation. And so the way to interpret this is that, and by the way, those time points at the end are the same time points. Far less calcite has dissolved in the experiment than one would expect from 1D react transport modeling. So less mineral has dissolved, but the permeability increase is larger than it would be. So it doesn't take much. You don't remove much mass at all, but you get a huge effect in terms of permeability evolution. At that point, I really did stop and think, but wait a minute. We're looking at a rock that's not representative of the types of shales and evaporites that are cap rocks for CO2 injection scenarios. And the shales and other cap rocks are mineralogically complex, heterogeneous, and often have bedding planes. So the next piece of work I'm going to show you is a student of mine who did simulations of rocks with different patterns of reactive minerals and different amounts of calcite. And he also wanted to look at the effect of normal stress. So in this case, we simulated there being normal stress so that over time, as the fracture dissolves, there's a possibility that it could close up. So here's how I'm going to show you this simulation. This is not one with mineral heterogeneity. This is the base case for this study, where it's spatially uniform, but with heterogeneity in the initial aperture field. And this one with no normal load and then with 50 megapascals of normal stress. And this yellow map here shows all the contact points. And I want you to watch them because over time, there we go, over time, they get dissolved away. They're dissolving away, but the stress has to be held by the fracture somewhere so new contact points are formed. And so what you're seeing, what you saw, is that the black dots moved downstream. So the difference is that downstream now becomes more compressed than if that normal load weren't there. So this has a significant effect on the permeability evolution. With these kinds of simulations, we also looked at more realistic cap rocks with mineral heterogeneity. So we looked at this Amherstberg limestone, which has a mineral heterogeneity organized in this sort of nodular way. And then we looked at this very laminated Eagleford shale. And I can tell you details about how we came up with the maps. So this is just a repeat of what I just showed you. And so these are the binary maps of calcite, no calcite. So reactive mineral is white, and black means basically non-reactive mineral. And so I'll click, and I'll show you these simulations of the evolving aperture map here. And the result is really quite different. In this case, a channel could form and actually form faster than without the big dolomite nodule in the middle. Because having some patches of non-reactive mineral allows for the acid to be delivered downstream faster. Because wherever it's reacting, it's being buffered and neutralized. But if it's just passing over non-reactive mineral, it goes faster downstream. So this is a case where a channel formed and it formed faster than in this case. In the case on the far right with this stratified rock, no channel can form. But this is a case that initially acid can be delivered downstream quickly. But no sort of runaway permeability will happen because there's no channel. And so these are the resulting plots of how the permeability looks over time. This runaway kind of behavior is when you have a channel. And this is the case when you have a stratified rock. It increases initially, and then nothing else is changing. There could still be calcite dissolving. But it's those strictures that are caused by these layers of non-reactive mineral are controlling the permeability after some time. This is a really good outcome because a lot of rocks look like this. Sedimentary rocks are often this way. I have a very cool experiment here that I'm going to skip. And this is an experiment where we did reactive flow through a fracture. And then we did friction measurements to see how that degraded zone would act in terms of the strength of the fracture. And I'm going to skip it because I don't have time. I could answer questions about it. We'll do it that way. OK, this is a partnership with Penn State where we did the reaction experiments and they did the friction measurements. OK, are you ready to see the permeability speedometer results? Yes. OK, so here they all are. Let me jump over that one because I'll point out the ones we talked about. There's the Emmersburg limestone, which because it had all that roughness, its permeability was not as large as you would expect. Way over here is the experiment with the channel forming. This channel that formed around these nodular non-reactive minerals went faster than this one. If you apply mechanical load, which does exist in the subsurface, it will ameliorate that. But still, there's a channel will form. This was an experiment I haven't talked about where there was just less acid and everything took longer, so it was more on the baseline. And down here is the one that is mimicking the Eagleford shale. And because of all that stratification, the permeability increases and then doesn't increase anymore. And this one is the one I mentioned where we were able to measure permeability decrease. Why? We were confused because this was a replicate of this experiment. Both were the Emmersburg limestone. We took cores that were probably just a few centimeters from each other. We replicated the experiment. And one gave this result and one gave this result. And when we sectioned it and we looked at what was in the fracture, what we saw is that all of these clay particles had been mobilized because they were part of the rock. The calcite was holding them, cementing them together. And then the calcite dissolved and all those clay particles migrated and clogged up the fracture. And why that didn't happen here? It's just spatial heterogeneity gave us these completely different results. I have my last slide is this one. So I will end with these points. Geological reservoirs are essential for the gigaton CO2 per year scale sequestration that we would need to do to stabilize the climate. And geological reservoirs are therefore key for negative emissions of greenhouse gases. Reservoir storage security must be verifiable, especially with the 45-Q tax credits. In order to get those tax credits, it's going to be necessary to say that the CO2 has been stored permanently. That's the word that is used permanently. And so the question that I've been investigating is, will fractures and carbonate cap rocks erode in jeopardized storage security? My answer to that question, after looking at this for 10 years, is probably not. Probably not. I think that this kind of scenario of runaway permeability is mitigated by the mineralogical complexity and heterogeneity of these rocks. Finally, large-scale simulations, which I didn't include because of lack of time, reveal multiple trapping mechanisms. If you put CO2 deep underground and then actually many rocks that serve as cap rocks, if it does leak, it'll probably dissolve into the next formation or be trapped by the next layer. And then if it leaks again, it'll dissolve more or be trapped. So there are many, many opportunities for trapping underground, which adds to our confidence of the reliability of reliably containing CO2. That is my last point. Thank you very much for your attention. Professor, are the others going to have some time for a few questions? I'm going to go ahead and get some questions. I've been meeting Greenhouse gas targets. I'm certainly glad to hear you have that. You can go ahead and get some questions. So I'll tell you a quick and experimental result from just after the Civil War when I was working for Shell. And so we were working on our projects in West Texas, which are in Dolomites. And the worry was that we would inject CO2 to dissolve them in the brine and make wormholes like that. And then when you got close to a production well, where the pressure would come down, all that stuff would come out of solution and bang. You'd plug up all the wells, which was perceived to be bad. So the first experiment was with a nice calcite core and pure, just plain old water with plenty of CO2 dissolved in it, and sure enough, wormholes like that. And then a sequence of experiments was done with actual reservoir rock and with reservoir rocks. And the combination of those two was much less of a problem. They already had scale problems in West Texas anyway. So it turns out things were not much worse. And what was never clear at the time, and I didn't do the answer to this question, is that was it the structure of the rock? Or was it all the other stuff that was in the brines that helped with all the debuffering? Or some combination of the two? Yeah, I absolutely think it's the structure of the rock. And the spatial organization of the variability in the pore space, heterogeneity, as well as the non-reactive minerals that aren't going to contribute to these wormholes. Did you use just pure water with a saturated sand cube? It's brine. It's a recipe that mimics subsurface brine, but not that complex. It's mostly sodium chloride. But chemically, I just don't think that there's, I mean, unless you're adding sulfate that'll precipitate with barium. I don't think there's anything that interesting about the brine other than the CO2 itself. And the salinity. The salinity is important. Yeah. Are these CCS facilities located in not any of the sites that sit near or on the place that the carbon will be stored? That's a good question. So if we take, if we think about gas pipeline transport in the United States, we've got two examples. We've got natural gas pipelines that go all over the United States, long distances. It's not inexpensive. But the point is it's, technologically, it's already done. So one way we could think about it is that's possible. But the other thing is that if we think about the projects that have been set up that have been deemed economically favorable, they're transporting the gas like Petronova, the transport was 80 miles to where it was going to be used. So that might give a sense of the feasibility of transporting it. And the other thing I'll say is that, and Lynn, maybe you have a perspective on this. But I know that in CO2 for EOR, CO2 is not transported that far. Meaning that there are many sites where EOR could be done, where it's not done, because the CO2 is not readily available locally. And these plants give an opportunity for CO2 to be done, where it wouldn't otherwise have been done. Yeah, I would say that the national recovery is always limited by availability of the gas at a price that somebody's willing to pay. But it can be transported long distances. There are multiple pipelines that go from the Fort Fortress area down to the West Texas. And those have been long and don't become mild on plants. In your fracture experiments, you're working with cores of a finite size. And how can you, well, the material medium parameters are not continuous at the boundary, as opposed to a real life situation. The boundary in length? Yeah, in the natural environment. So how can you be so sure to infer a fracture like that in a core, which is of a finite size, as something that resembles two of the natural environments? That's a very good question. Thank you for asking that. It is absolutely the case that I cannot be sure. Even the example I had of two cores from just centimeters away from each other behaved differently. But I think physically that the one conclusion I feel confident about in terms of upscaling is this one, that this stratification, if flow is going perpendicular to the strata, then there is a limit to the extent to which the permeability can evolve. That's one I'm confident of in terms of upscaling. And the other one is the formation of channels and the permeability evolution increasing. So if you have a mineralogically homogeneous rock for very long length scales, which is unlikely, then conceivably, this could keep going. But again, that's just very rare. And it would be much more rare in a rock that would act as a cap rock. So that's why I feel confident. Yeah. How long would the permeability sort of flow? Sort of, I'm worried that with the kliplotic movement, would you expect canonical shank reactants to it? Do you say that last bit again? Would the kliplotic movement expect canonical shank reactants to stop there? Did we sound the right sort of line? Maybe. It's not going to control the permeability. Yeah. So the question is, well, two questions. One is how long did we do these experiments? They were days. The longest one we did was two to three weeks, I think. And then the question is, would cation exchange with the kli particles be significant? And yeah. If you have a pomegranate collection. What? If you have pomegranate collection. So for example, if you're exchanging pomegranate solution in broad, and if the solution is pomegranate. I guess I don't know the answer to that. I just would suspect it wouldn't have a significant effect on permeability, even if that happens. So on the topic of EoR, for the CO2 that's emerging from the ions, for those already pressurized, it's more readily useful for injecting of the ground compared to those from natural gas wells. So in trying to provide a sense of supply of this, do you think this kind of perpetuates its reliance on fossil fuels? I think our reliance. So what I said is we have a reliance on fossil fuels right now. And this time in the future, when we don't, is far off because of what this comment about the fleet of power plants is the youngest it's ever been in the world. And so yep, there is a reliance on fossil fuels. It exists. So let's add CCS to it, given that that exists, and that's not going away. So I don't see it the other way that CCS is going to perpetuate that. So that's the depths that you're doing. That's just on the strata horizontal, or sometimes with a bend and a point box? That's a good point. We have focused on flow perpendicular to the strata, which I think is the most common case. But you're right, there could be folding, and then I don't know the answer. One real quickie is the depth. Do these factors, did you have a chance to look at the possible? Obviously pressure is going to be different. The marginal cost of drilling may not be constant. It might go down, and so the incentive might be to keep going deeper, which would have positive effects on where we want to go. Yeah, yep. I had the fortune of working with someone who looked at the economics of that. Deeper wells are more expensive, but the containment security is more significant. And the economics of that are going to depend on the value of the carbon and how reliably you have to store it, which may change now. But I think that people who have done those analyses, at least the analyses that I saw, which were done for the Michigan basin, which is one of the deepest in North America, that it is better to go as deep as possible because of the number of traps. The youthfulness of the current fleet is primarily due to China and India, correct? That's not difficult. Yeah, yeah, yeah. How linear is the rate of channel formation with the differential pressure gradient, i.e. if you are able to spread things out more, does that cut down on the pressure gradient?  The vertical pressure gradient in terms of channel formation. Yeah, so we have done simulations like that, and it slows everything down predictably. Slowing down is important in the sense that I had one student who did large-scale simulations. Like imagine if this process is happening over 100 meters, like maybe the thickness of a cap rock. In those simulations, you end up with decades before permeability breakthrough happens, before this happens. And so when that happens is important because if the pressure driving force is gone, meaning if you've injected for 30 years and it would take 50 years before breakthrough happens, then that means that it's not a problem. There's a lot more trapped. Pardon me? There is a lot more CO2 trapped at that point when breakthrough occurs. Well, I'm talking about what I'm calling breakthrough occurs. That's when you have a high flow path leak. And my point is that if the pressure is more disperse than the driving force, forcing that acidic fluid is not so significant, then this process may happen, but it may take decades to happen, so forget about it. It's not going to happen. And when it does, it will be a lot slower. Yep, exactly. Yep. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much.


One of my favorite quotes of all time is the phrase that says, never forget a friend and never let a friend forget you. I've had some amazing friendships in my life and still to this day, my closest friends are people that have never let me forget about them. Meaning they're always involved in my life. They're checking in. They're sending a text message. They're invested in this relationship. And in doing so, it's made me want to invest in them as well. And so as you think about that phrase, never forget a friend and never let a friend forget you. What can you do today to cherish, to take care of, and to value the people that you call friends in your life?


Hello, my beautiful internet friends, and welcome back. I do apologize for the weird location and lighting, but right now my body is not cooperating with anything else, and so this is what we have. I wanted to share with you guys a cool story, because it feels cool to conquer fears. And this is a tactic that has helped me get over or push through a lot of fear, and oftentimes when we push through fear, we figure out that it wasn't anything to be afraid of in the first place, though not always. So I'm not claiming that this works for everything, but this has actually helped me in quite a few situations in my own life. I learned about this way of thinking about things in college. I used to practice mixed martial arts fighting, and a coach who was on the Ultimate Fighter, which was a TV show, and I was watching it to be supportive of him, and he said this one line that I'll never forget, and I started utilizing it when I was scared of something, when I wanted to run away from something, when I was terrified of a situation. And it actually kind of worked, and it's continued to work, and I tried it out last night, yet again, and it had fantastic results, so let me share this with you guys, and then see if this is something that you think you could use in your own life. Shepherd attack. So I think the audio is just gonna be shepherd painting the rest of the time. Can you like, down somewhere else, no? That was abusive. Do you see that? She just hit me. Go lay down. Go lay down somewhere else. Go lay down somewhere else. She moved like two inches that way and stopped. My friends, lovely friends that they are, invited Brian and I to go soaking with them. There's this really cool place, it has a bunch of like mineral tubs and things like that, and initially when they asked, I said, yes, that sounds amazing. Have you ever said yes to something before you actually considered what you were saying yes to? Yeah, I did that, and today's the day I actually have to face it. I didn't really think through the fact that I'm like missing a leg, right? I didn't think through all the logistics of it. First off, logistically, how am I going to get in the pool because I'm missing a leg? And emotionally, that's the second thing, not the third thing, emotionally, this is the first time I will ever be in public with my leg uncovered. That might not sound like a super big deal because I don't go out of my way to hide my leg. Also, I don't really have a way to hide it, but it's also always covered by my shrinker or the liner or something. No one's ever seen like the scars and the weird inversion in the middle and just the fact that my leg is completely gone and what that looks like in public. And that's really uncomfortable and I'm gonna have to find a way to maneuver into a pool safely on slippery surfaces with people watching. And if there's one thing that embarrasses me like nobody's business, it's like falling or slipping in front of people. So I think this will be an interesting experience. I think it's funny, because right now I'll say yes to a lot of things because I'm still used to being kind of able-bodied. Like I'm still used to having certain limitations but not these limitations. And it's only after the fact that I'm like, oh, right. I say yes a lot before I actually think it through. So tonight I'm gonna go soak in public and just see how that goes. I really freaked out about that and kind of panicky and that's when I recorded that video. But then I started thinking about this tactic and what my coach had said years ago was that he tries to make peace with the worst case scenario. Now, let me pause right there and say that at first when I heard that I was like, that's a terrible idea. Why would you envision all the bad things that could happen? He makes peace with the worst case scenario before he goes into something and it just stuck in my head. It just stuck in my head. And later that week, because this was years ago, I had to get a presentation at school and I was terrified of public speaking, which is funny because that's what I wanna do professionally now, I love it. I felt like crap, I was not prepared. I didn't like what I had to speak about.   And I was sitting there in the back of the classroom internally panicking and like hyperventiling and I remembered what my coach said and I thought about the reality of actually throwing up in front of a room of like 30 people, my peers. Cause that's what I was scared of. That's what I was scared with legitimately happened or what if I even like passed out or what if I freaking forgot everything I was going to say and I imagine those three situations and kind of just made peace with them. I made peace with the fact that, you know, if I threw up in front of everybody, there's no one in this class who really cares about me or who I really care about. There's no one I'm really here to impress. It'd probably make a funny story years down the line. If I pass out, it'll be a cool story for everybody else. Hopefully I won't hit my head and if I forget absolutely everything I'm gonna say, I've also seen other students forget everything that they were gonna say and went to give a presentation and I felt compassion for them because we've all kind of been in that position before. And so realizing the three worst things that could happen might actually happen. And that I would still be alive, that I would still exist, that I would still walk out of the classroom at the end of the day and get to go home to my puppies. I was like, you know what, screw it. Let's just do this. And I went up there and I had a great time giving that presentation because I knew that when everything went wrong, I would still be me. I would still exist. It might be embarrassing. It might be challenging. It might be whatever, but I would like still be okay at the end of the day, it would just be a story. And so when I was faced with this thing yesterday that really freaked me out, that I wasn't sure about doing, kind of freaked out, I'm not gonna lie. And if I break down sobbing, I break down sobbing. Cross your fingers for me, guys. Now I recorded that video when I was at home. I was getting ready to go. It was about a half an hour drive to get to their house and then drive to the place that we were going. And during that half an hour drive, I envisioned all the things that I was most terrified of. What if my friends, which this would never happen by the way, but what if they thought I was super disgusting and gross and hated the way I looked and made fun of me? And that like almost made me laugh because they're like good friends of mine and they would never do that. And even if that was the case, that would kind of make them jerks if they were mean to me about it. And so I wouldn't care anyways. You know, it might hurt, but whatever. And what if I slipped and fell in front of people watching me?   I'd probably cry. I'd be super embarrassed, but Brian would be right next to me. My friends would be right next to me and they would help me up and it would be an opportunity to allow other people to help me as much as that would not be super fun. As long as I didn't hurt my knee anymore or hurt my leg, I'd be okay. And what if other people stared even more and thought I was weird looking, just talked about me or looked at me or whatever. And frankly, people look at me anyways. That's been the case since they lost my leg and I can't control what other people are thinking. I cannot control what goes on in other people's head. All I can control is my own thoughts and actions. And so whatever people think is outside of my control and if they think that I'm weird or gross or whatever, that's on them, that's not on me. And so driving down there, I kind of made peace with the three things I was really frightened of that made me feel like this was an experience I should run away from. And once I realized that after those three situations could happen, I would still be okay. I'd still be all right. I'd have a story to tell or I'd have something that hurt a little bit but honestly it was okay. Then I was really excited to go and guess what, we had a great time and it went wonderfully and there were no issues and it was a little hard to like navigate around a slippery area with my eye walk or just like with one leg, right? But I made it work. My friend helped me and Brian helped me and it was great and there were no issues and I was really glad that I went instead of listen to fear and stayed home. I don't think this works in every situation but when it comes to everyday stuff, when it comes to things we're insecure about or things we're afraid of, whether that is having a meeting with someone or calling a friend to ask them about something or asking someone on a date or fill in the blank. If you can really pinpoint what it is that you're terrified of, what it is that is so overwhelming and awful to you, it's been helpful to me to actually figure out those scenarios, figure out specifically what I am scared will happen to me and then envision it and usually I realize that I'll still be okay anyway. You know, I'll still get to go home at the end of the day, I'll still be me. This doesn't really apply in life and death situations, at least I've never tried it in one but it's really helped me with day to day things. It's helped me actually face some fears, it's helped me do things instead of just run away which is generally my instinct. And that is my super, super secret way to defeat fear in three easy steps. Just kidding, there aren't three easy steps. Fear is complicated but that's what's worked for me. I'm curious if you think that that would work for you or what you have tried has helped you overcome fears or insecurities or anxiety or worry. Let me know in the comment section down below. I can't wait to read your comment. Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you to all of my patrons over on Patreon. You make all of this possible, you help me more than you know and I am so grateful for you and your generosity and support of me. And thank you for watching this video. Thank you for taking a few minutes out of your day. I am honored that you would spend it with me. I love you guys, I'm thinking of you and I'll see you in the next video. Bye guys. Bye. 🎵 Have her from the sky 🎵


When you sleep with strangers, you wake up with enemies. This is always the case. Keep watching to find out what book we're talking about today. It's Kyla Denigno and you're watching Kyla's Reading Day. This is another special edition in the vlogmas series where I'm reviewing a book by Erich Drum Dickie. Today the book we're talking about is Waking with Enemies. So don't let the cover distract you, right? It definitely is to be attention-grabbing. The genre of the book is fiction. The theme of the book is literature, African-American literature. This is book two in the Gideon series, which we didn't know was a series until we got to about the fourth book, right? So the first one was Sleeping with Enemies. The second is Waking with Strangers. And in this book, we continue to follow the contract killer Gideon. So one of my favorite, favorite, favorite, favorite things about this book. Absolute favorite is Tebi and Bruno.   If you're a contract killer, Gideon, he's the protagonist of all the stories. He ends up being raised to become a contract killer. You've got to read Sleeping with Strangers to find out the backstory. But by the time you get to Waking with Enemies, he's still working, right? He gets these jobs, he goes out, he puts hits on people. But you get to hear the story of Bruno who is out to get Gideon. Well, Bruno goes to a coffee shop. He meets this woman. It's love at first sight. You know Bruno's married, but you're cheering for them.  Oh my gosh, right? Tebi's this tall, beautiful woman in all white, people in London don't wear white. Like it's this whole story. And like, who else gives you that? Like, why would you need to know the background story of Bruno being a real guy who is working because his wife was trying to divorce him and he needs money? Right?  But Erdram Dickey always goes into the background story of why people do what they do. And that is one reason why he is one of my favorite authors. I absolutely love to read his works. And this Gideon series is just is absolutely one of my favorite. Gideon is hilarious. But anyhow, one of the things I really love about the relationship between Tebi and Bruno is that Bruno really gets vulnerable with Tebi. Now he doesn't tell her a lot of the stuff that he's thinking. You know, he takes her to a play. He leaves to go to the bathroom quote unquote. And in the meantime, he's out torturing someone. He comes back to the play. All of that aside, he's still just the person who's attracted to another person and they go on some dates. And it's like, it's so corny. I know it sounds so corny, but Bruno is a man. Tebi is a woman. They meet up. They like each other. They hook up. Erdram Dickey has a really good way of humanizing his characters, even the contract killers, right? He's on his way to go track someone down. He just bought a gun and his daughter calls asking him to pick up books at a bookstore and is like job aside, contract killer side, he's an actual person. So this book and the relationship between Bruno and Tebi is so important to me because I love that Erdram Dickey humanizes every single character. And the fact that he was in Sleeping with Strangers is really important. So I hope I have intrigued you to pick up this book. If not, don't worry about it because I will definitely be rereading it. I reread all of these books and the Gideon series especially is wonderful. So thank you for hanging out with me today. I know this is different. This is very, very different. I am putting up one vlog every single day for Vlogmas 2022. And today we reviewed the book, Waking with Enemies. So if you sleep with strangers, you can wake up with enemies. Don't forget it. So please get in the comments, let me know. Have you read any of the books in the Gideon series? Have you read any books by Erdram Dickey? Okay. And I will see you tomorrow because again, one video every single day until December 25th. So thanks for hanging out with me today and I will see you next time on Kyla's Reading Day.


Good morning class and welcome back to Gamedev Academy. I'm Shane and in today's quick tutorial video I'll show you how you can dramatically speed up your render times in Maya by using your GPU to render your Arnold scenes. So as well as how to enable GPU rendering I'm also going to show you the kind of increase in speed you can expect by switching from rendering with your CPU to your GPU. Here you can see a scene I rendered using my Ryzen 7 3800x processor. This CPU is no slouch but you can see that it took almost one and a half hours to render out this single frame. Let's take a look at how we enable GPU rendering in Maya then. First of all you need to open your render settings and go to the system tab. Here you can see that the renderer is currently set to use the CPU. All you need to do is change this option to GPU like so and you're ready for GPU rendering. If you have any issues with getting the renderer to use the GPU you can try selecting it manually in the way I'm showing here but it works fine for me so I can turn this back off. The settings are as close to as they were for the CPU rendering and you can see how I've got it set up to avoid any visible noise in my final render. So to show you it working I'll just close the render settings window and get the Arnold renderer going again. You can see that the image resolves much quicker and the whole render is completed in just over 27 and a half minutes, more than three times faster than with the CPU. If you're just wanting to preview your scene as quickly as possible there is one more little trick that I'll share with you. If you're using an Nvidia GPU then you can also enable the Optics Denoiser. You can enable the Denoiser by going back into the render settings, selecting the AOVs tab, expanding the Denoiser section and ensuring that the Denoise Beauty AOV option is selected. You can then toggle this on and off by using the drop down in the Arnold Render View window. The Denoiser gives you a fairly clean image much quicker than even GPU rendering does and I use it when I'm making changes to lighting on materials and want to see how the changes affect my scene as quickly as possible. That's everything I wanted to share with you today, hopefully you've learned something. If you have, definitely pound that like button into submission and consider subscribing if you're new here. Here at Game Dev Academy I upload weekly video tutorials covering game development and 3D art. I'd like to end the video by thanking my super generous Academy Governors who support the channel on Patreon. Your continued support means everything and helps me to keep the channel viable. Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.


Live from New York City, it's theCUBE. Covering CyberConnect 2017. Brought to you by Centrify and the Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technologies. Okay, welcome back everyone. This is theCUBE's coverage of CyberConnect 2017. Live here in New York City at the Grand Hyatt downtown on 42nd Street, I'm John Furrier. My co is Dave Vellante. This is Centrify's inaugural event that they're presenting and they're underwriting. It's an industry event between industry and government and really around the crisis of our generation, which is cybersecurity and its impact to the transformation to global society and our coverage here. Our next guest is Shira Rubinoff, who is the president of Secure My Social, which is really cutting edge human aspect of social engineering, meets security, prime tech partners, cybersecurity, IOT and an influencer, but also doing some great work, advising startups, great participant in the community and certainly great to have you back on theCUBE. Thanks for joining us. Thank you, pleasure. So you're in the front row, I saw you and Dave, I couldn't get a seat on the back of the bus here at the General Keith Alexander's keynote, among other great keynotes here. Really an inaugural event. And inaugural events are great because it's a sign of the trends, but also, you know, if they do a second event, it worked, right? So you never know, there's never going to be another event, so inaugural event means something. It means that the world has come to the realization that the world has changed, realities are here, and that the old way isn't good enough. And you're in the middle of it. What's your thoughts, what's your reaction to the program? Well, you know, it's interesting. It also even goes back to the old technology days when you buy by brand. No one's going to fault you for buying the brand name, so everyone just went along with buying the trend and buying the brand. And as technology advanced itself as well, we started seeing doing it the old way is just not going anywhere today, especially with the millennials entering the workforce, how things are done, how people approach technology and security is very different. The human factors of information security is taking a front row today in terms of security, in terms of the weakest link of the chain, whether it being phishing, finding the entree into an organization through the weak link of the human, or in terms of tricking people for doing other things while they're outloading malware, or even circumventing different technologies that are layered upon each other because there's just too many layers of security on each other and not making it easy for somebody to use the technology and keeping it strong. Yeah, Shira, I bring up a good point about the human aspect of it. There's an old joke in IT where there's a fork or the cork in it, and someone would say, why is that there so they don't stick the fork in their eye? And that was just a joke on the old system admin joke around human error, around updating. That's been around for a while, but now there's a whole other social engineering going on around the business of cyber attacks, whether it's mafia's or organized hacker units that do it for business, for profit, to state governments where it's social engineering around the human vulnerabilities. Our key, this isn't your area, it's your wheelhouse. What is the key thing that's happening? What should people be aware of? What's your analysis? Well, I think people have to be careful of what we're sharing. I think there's many different entrees into finding again when we talk about the human factors, whether it being government, whether it being a technology company, whether it being a C-suite, whether it being through social media. It's being trusted the wrong people, trusting the wrong sources, and just being open and not being over-careful and checking your sources and making sure you're actually linking up whether it being on the LinkedIn also. I was talking to someone earlier that people were accepting LinkedIn invitations from non-trusted sources, and they'd seem to look okay, but again, a social engineering piece that comes in that allowed others in to actually see context and find a breach within an organization, somewhat like government. It can also be across all communities. So that's a very nuanced point. That's the LinkedIn, for example, not to pick on LinkedIn, but Facebook, I mean, I'm an overshare, so probably being hacked 10 ways on Sunday, but you can have whatever you want. But, let's take LinkedIn. Here's an example. A practitioner could say, I work on the servers for Chase Bank, and I handle the Apache, whatever, project. That's metadata that can be used against that person. He's putting it out there. He or she, for a job, potentially, to showcase their skills, yet the bad actors can use that and figure out what communities they're in GitHub, their participants. So it's a gesture signal point that you, is that right? Am I getting it right? Correct, correct. And that's what some of the companies actually puts allowances around what people are allowed to share on LinkedIn. However, there's the double edged sword because they're telling their employees, do not overshare and say specifically what you're doing. The employee themselves are saying, hey, I want to be open to recruiters to come find me because who knows what my next gig is. So they're going to overshare what they're doing to show all the experience that they have so they're open to other job opportunities. This is really interesting conflict. And again, I'm torn because, religiously, I'm a big believer in the democratization of media and society. But what you're talking about really is a counter against the democratization because that's based on sharing which sets for open sources from and so this is going to be some sort of shift. Correct, correct. Well, that also plays into the whole millennial shift of how it's approached through the workforce. Millennial generation share everything. Everything is open. My whole life is opening itself up on social media. I want you to know what I'm having for breakfast because you might want to have it too. By the way, this is what I'm working on at work because you might find it interesting whether it being that their boss are saying, don't do this. They're saying, don't tell me what to do and I'm going to work from home half the time. It's a millennial shift and we have to shift with it. It's going that round. So to what degree can we take bad human behavior out of the equation? Tooling, technology, maybe it's process education. Well, I think it has to be many factors. There has to be the education around it. There also has to be implementing the right technology to warn users if they're doing things the wrong way. For example, my company Secure My Social, we are technology assisted self-monitoring company to allow for employers to give employees to self-monitor across social media based on compliance with the organization real-time warnings. So it would warn the employee if they've employed themselves would be doing something wrong. So implementing technologies of that sort whether being whatever the organization may be open to. So you have the education piece. You have the partnerships with the right technology companies and you also have allowing the employees to have the right types of security around what they're doing themselves without being so involved in what they're doing because then they're going to have a big push back. So there's a very fine line you have to walk here. And the psychology is interesting. You mentioned the millennials too because that's their norm. Correct. And they want to be part of a tribe, right? So the belonging aspect of social is becoming a norm. But now we have to have practices. What's your vision of this? Because that probably won't stop. It's a behavior that will constantly be there. Is that going to come in the form of products, solutions, a better identity? Well it's going to come everywhere. If you look across all generationals from the boomers, Gen X, millennials, things shift with the generations as it comes down the path. So certainly through technology it's going to shift too. Easy to use, no extra steps to download as Centrify has. They want a one point of contact. They want to overlay technologies on technologies which is what I speak about a lot. My background is heavily in psychology and human aspects. So make things as strong as they can be without cumbersome to the employee. You want them to use it, not break it, not go around it and not just throw it out the window. So you're a great guest and music to our ears because Dave knows I've been on this rant for a long time. User experience is really about user expectations. And as expectations shift, that's kind of where the puck will be or whether you're skating through the puck or skating with the puck as some people are. The question comes down to this young generation because General talked about this new cyber warfare but there's no West Point, there's no Navy SEALs. Yeah, and that's going to come from a gamer culture potentially or the younger generation. So I got to ask you, do you think we're going to have a counterculture? Because in every revolution, I think take the 60s. We're the 50s parents now, right? Or the 50s generation, or are we? So I've been kind of speculating that I think we're on a cusp of a counterculture revolution. The summer of love of digital is coming. Or maybe not, what do you think? I think it's very interesting the way it's shifting across generations. I think that the generation, our generation before us are trying to take this millennial generation and put them in a box and saying, follow my rules or else you're out and the millennial generation is like, make me. So it's not going to happen that way. They're going to actually drive the force of how technology is going to be created and how the business world is actually going to react and act towards them and how things are going to flow after them. And just way to the following generation, things are going to be a lot looser. So you think it's going to be some massive change being shifted from their expectations. Correct, correct, yes. Well, I mean, I feel like millennials are in for a great awakening because right now they don't have a ton to lose. As they get older and the crew more well. Millennials are generally lazy, right? I mean, as my son would say, no, they're smarter, they're lazy. They make me generation. Okay, and so fine, be careful what you wish for. But is there a gamification involved, the psychology of getting humans to behave the way that you need them to behave in order to have good security practices? Yes, no, I think that's a great question. I think that based on what the millennials are doing now and how the shift is happening through the Gen X and millennials kind of intertwining the businesses and the way technology is created and move forward, I think that it's going to somehow have to kind of combine forces. I think there's going to have to be a little give and take and I think as time progresses and things mature, that it's going to be understood and it's going to be adapted by them and adopted by them as well. So, talk a little bit more about your company, MySocial, security MySocial. Secure MySocial, yes. Yeah, what does it do? How does it help solve some of these issues? So, Secure MySocial is a technology-assisted self-monitoring tool for employers to give employees to self-monitor across social media based on compliance and regulations of the organization with real-time warnings and auto-delete capabilities. Basically, the organization would buy it based on where a person would fall in the organization. There'll be specific rule sets applied to them, whether it being group rule sets for C-level people, marketing and the like. You don't want false positives. And they, the people themselves, would get a real-time warning to their known device for SMS or to the known web address. But I will backtrack a little bit because most organizations, if not all today, have certain criteria of what you can and can't do across social media. But the most of the problems, if not 98 or more percent, of data loss and reputation happen outside of the office. It happens on lunch breaks, vacations, weekends. We can't monitor people's personal accounts. So we're making the users themselves, they would get the real-time warnings. There's nothing to download, nothing to install. They don't give over any personal information, yet they're protected and we're able to keep it across the whole thing. So it's an insurance policy for the employee saying, look, here's a little notification because you know that if you say that drunk tweet, let's get real, right? Or do something that's at a concert. The CFO of Twitter mistakenly tweeted out the earnings of Twitter instead of doing a direct tweet. Things happen, mistakes happen, it's the human factors, as at all. And your technology could have stopped that? We could have actually obviously deleted it before it went out. It's almost, I don't know if it's happening on the West Coast, but around where I live, there's all these, their speed signs are going up. It tells you how fast you're going.  It might be 25 and you see it, you're going too fast and it's flashing. You slow down. It actually works. We use Waze in California, it's more- It lets you know where the cops are. No, but no cops. There's no cops around. I know, that's the same. Waze is more effective. You get there faster, you know? No. If you don't mind, I'll let you- Yeah, if you don't mind. It's this subliminal message that says, hey, whoa, yo, slow down. Like that angel on your shoulder tapping on your shoulder letting you know. It's the good angel. No, I just wanted to mention also, a new venture actually launching at the end of the month is called Prime Tech Partners. We're an incubator here in New York City near the Flatiron District. We're going to be launching then to November focusing on augmented reality, cyber security, information security, and e-commerce. Opening up to startups. And please check it out, Prime Tech Partners. Sure, do some great work. I got to ask you the question because you have the startups of the Canary in the coal mine. They'll tell you kind of what's happening, give you a barometer. What is going on in the startup areas around security because there's now a range, diverse range of opportunities from blockchain all the way to enterprise. Sure. So, everything in between. What's the chirping happening in the minds of the startups as they create new ventures? Well, it's interesting. When you talk about what's out there, we talk about almost like an umbrella. Sometimes people would put cyber security over the whole umbrella and then fit artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, blockchain, everything kind of falls under there. So, it's actually moving along with the system. There's a lot of artificial intelligence is making a big play in the high IoT world. There's quite a bit of technology coming out there, all finding the whole problem. And if you look at everything, there's a lot of the human aspects of information security that they have to take into account when developing and when pushing it out because at the end of the day, it's all social engineering. It's the human factor, whatever you're creating. And we're seeing the same thing of the Kubernetes that go to hundreds of interviews and shows a year. The trend is every part of the stack is impacted by this. Exactly. At an infrastructure low level from multi-factor authentication all the way up to Docker and Kubernetes at the DevOps level, the app level to wearables and... Well, wearables certainly, right? Gaining someone's information. Geo information. And being able to write. Well, here was an interesting, I went into, I had a law firm that contacted me. They wanted me to do some consulting for them. They implement this most beautiful, high-tech, gorgeous office. And so I was in there talking to some of the partners and they were plugging in their new smart TVs and their smart fridges, everything into their network. You don't have to breach the network to get their information. Well, breach Sony. You breach into Sony, whatever, whoever the manufacturer of the TV, the fridge, whatever it is, they're thinking IoT. Well, they can gain access into that law firm, gain information, and just take all that information and utilize that. So there's so much thought to be put around, even the IoT world, artificial intelligence, the human factor, take a step back. If it's a network device, it could be hacked. Exactly, yes. So as part of your mission, just to make people aware of humans' role in bad security practices, I mean, is that a big part of this, is sort of shining a light on it? Yes, I think there's also most like a stop and pause.  Oh, here, let me put another control over it. And here's another control. And by the way, they have to go around this and do five things, we're going to have the best thing out there. They're not going to use it. They're going to break it and circumvent it. Stop, there's a person there. How are we going to make the person use this to the best capacity? How's it going to be strong without giving them all those extra layers? Anything you're doing, there's a person there. You've got to stop and think and figure out how to utilize it the best way. Shira, give us some predictions for next year. It's the end of the year, so predictions are coming. We had our meeting this week, our last week on our predictions. So we're going to put you in the hot seat. Your predictions for next year, hot trends you expect to see, what are you expecting? What's your prediction for next year? Well, I think IOT is going to take a big forefront, especially with the smarter cities, the smarter homes, as you're talking about the wearables, artificial intelligence is going to kind of play into that as well. But I think that people are very excited about becoming, let's quote unquote, smart. Not at no extra steps, right? When you have the no extra steps, remember you're opening yourself up for something, do it smart. But IOT is really expanding itself into every infrastructure, whether it being utilizing, engineering, whether it being cities itself, whether it being homes, and the wearables are also, like if you look at what's going on with Fitbit and then you have the next Apple and then there's something else every other day that you could put on yourself and you could get any information what you want. So people are connecting the IOT to the industrial side of their analog to digital. Exactly, yes, yes. And I think that's going to become a forefront in the next year. Great, what do you think of the event here so far? I think the event's terrific. We've had some amazing speakers here and I think they're all highlighting the fact that we have to share expertise and really come together to bypass the problems that are out there and work as a unit and certainly Centrify's doing a great job here. Very happy to be here. Great, well good luck everything next year. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, really appreciate it. Thank you, happy to be here. Fabulous commentary, great analysis and opinion here on theCUBE here at Centrify's event that they're underwriting for the industry it's an industry event called CyberConnect presented by Centrify, I'm John Furrier, Dave Vellante. Stay tuned for more live coverage here in New York City after this short break.


Carlon Tullati wedi cael ei wneud ymlaen i'r rôl ar y ffodol ym Mhwg Ffwg Everton. Evertons 21-22 yma yn ym Mhwg Ffwg Ffwg Fwg. Raffa Benete has been appointed Everton Manager. It wasn't a decent start, it was just teams I expected to beat, and that every Everton fan had expected to beat. I can't believe what I've just watched there, what I've witnessed. Raffa Benete has been sacked with us inevitable. It was probably too late. Ffwg Ffwg Ffwg is the new Everton Manager. I was genuinely excited to see Fran come through the door. Man, he absolutely loves the fans already, you can see and the fans love him. Once again the fans got together and rallied, and there was even more there to welcome the team coaching. For the first time in a generation, Everton were threatened with relegation. With sackings in the manager department and at boardroom level, the club was split but ended in unity.


Hey traders, this is T Bradley 90 from the My Investing Club chat as a special gift to every viewer on YouTube There is a link in the description to apply for a free breakthrough trading strategy session with myself What does that mean? Alex created a free trading course for beginners and at the end of it We will be selecting a few non-members to get on the phone with myself Tosh T Bradley 90 to help with your trading click the link in the bio watch the video and apply today Now while today is just a preview of the full-length video if you want to watch the full-length or any of our exclusive content Then become a member of MIC This week's video is going to be about combining strategies so You I combine strategies To help Get a piece of the bigger picture trade, okay many times when I attack a trade and I have a big picture time frame Analysis and trade idea I Tend to become very impatient and I end up most of the time covering way too soon and exiting way too soon And I miss out on the big move or I take a loss so in order for me to Satisfy my emotions as a trader. I Have to apply I have to apply I Basically two strategies and it helps me One put money in hit National Bank while Having a big picture mentality and not missing out on the rest of the move So let's not knowing this right here. You have a five line clear resistance to me I also have a line at 450 and then also have a line at 4 So my lines on CTRM were 4 450 and 5 Given that I do not trade pre-market Because it's just not for me Some people love it. I'm not the biggest fan of it. I just don't I don't have a good intuition with it So I avoid it But I continue to try to get better at it, but I don't do it by trading it I do it by watching so but anyway so 4 450 and 5 but notice this I want you to notice this look at where we open Okay, we open above the four line and we open around, you know 425 about midway to there So it doesn't take much for it to reach 450 Let's say for instance. I want to short the five line so five five line equals first resistance first always do that first resistance plus say we give it At the open, let's say we give it like a more volatile Risk and let's say we give 30 cents like later in the day. You could use a tighter wiggle during You're the market open Forgive me. I'm still getting out of these allergies 30 cent wiggle. So what that looks like and this was this was my plan You know, it's it's five line with over 530 is Risk so What I'm gonna do is I'm let's say that you locate Like 3,000 shares of this. Okay. Well, let's use a small number just to put it in perspective Let's say we locate a 1,000 shares, okay and My personal rule. This is just so that I'm more comfortable with it I will use one fourth size for 25% of total locates On front side Trades Frontside short trades. Okay And I know I'm having to go through a little bit of extra stuff here to really get into this Combining strategies things, but it's gonna make sense in a moment. Okay, so what that means to me is that On these first resistance shorts my max size max size per line Equals 250 250 shares. Okay. This is just a pretty good perspective to trade small upfront Okay, ideally you don't want to trade with the same size on front side as you do on the backside of the move Okay, so a first resistance short to me I will never put as much size on the first resistance as I would on a death line plate.  Okay, I use these to build a cushion First resistance has a really high odds of failing the first time around Okay, and it can help you attain a really good average to begin to recycle off of this average. Okay And recycling for me Is not Like what bow does, you know, he is recycling as he shorts Covers a piece holds a piece But then starts to hit that line again if it starts to like let's say Hey traders, this is Tosh. I go by T Bradley 90 in the my investing club chat Just wanted to reach out and say if you have any questions about m.i.c Joining m.i.c. Maybe you're a member already You have three ways to contact myself personally and through m.i.c. You can hit our social media You can hit me through pms and chat or you can contact us through my email at tosh at my investing club.com That's tosh at my investing club.com I will get back to you in a timely manner And i'm saying this because i'm here to help and I don't want anybody to be afraid to reach out and ask Any question that they have we are here for you guys. All right. See you guys Thank you


Hey everybody it's Hari Swaminathan it is Thursday 5th 13th and I want to do a little recap on some of these swing trades they are working out really well. Here we go Apple is up nicely now and Adobe we are closing Adobe today. This is a 25% return but in absolute terms it is $1300. This trade we had gotten in maybe about two or three days ago and with the help of the multi time frame indicator and so this is going very well. Goldman Sachs we have already booked $2,800 so we just need about $500 there IBM is slightly positive, JP Morgan is slightly negative and PayPal is slightly negative. On the spider we have booked $1,200 we are going to book this also today about another $1,400 and Tesla is working out really well. So you know this was a trade that was in trouble so we are pulling out of it and it is working out really well. So that's the latest on the swing trades so if you want to get in on the swing trades you can watch the end of this video. Then we are looking at our earnings trades here the earnings trades as you can see today NVIDIA it is reporting after the close of business but all our positions are going deep in the money. So we are going to take this $900 to $1,000 profit here on NVIDIA. So this is great on the earnings this time it is closing about 10 trades so far. And it's 10 out of 10 and we are gone over 13 or 14,000 so yesterday we had we closed Shopify for $1,100. Now we could not get most of it because the Shopify went up to $570 and $580 after the earnings and so we had to close it but we closed it for $1,100. NVIDIA is in a similar situation where all the call options are going in the money and so we are going to just close it for about $900 somewhere between $900 and $1,000. So we are 10 out of 10 on this earnings season with the total winnings on my generally it's about a 5 to 10 contract position and those profits are over $14,000 at this point because we closed Google for $2,500 two days ago. And so the total has come to over $14,000 so it's going even better than last time and it's a 100% hit rate this time amazingly. So we'll see we've got a couple of more trades to go and we'll monitor that and keep you posted. Thanks.