10 Factual Do's and Don'ts of Study Everyone knows the feeling of being stuck at a desk, staring at a page that looks as if it's written in a foreign language, and praying you'll be able to learn all the mountains of content for your exams, which hit you like a tornado. It's a stressful and daunting time in every student's life, but it is what it is. Try these 10 Factual Do's and Don'ts, and give yourself the extra boost of knowledge that could save the day. 1. 8 is the magic number. On average, it is recommended that young adults get around 8 hours of sleep a night. Research has shown that a lack of sleep causes a difficulty in understanding material taught in class, susceptibility to false memories, which isn't the best condition to be during exams, and a reduction in the gray matter of the brain. So when you're staying up until midnight cramming for a test, remember that a half hour of sleep could do you wonders. 2. Don't try to remember everything. Just staring at your notes and hoping it sinks in isn't going to help. Instead of reading and rereading, structure the information instead. What this means is that you should take the information that has been presented to you and reorganize it in your own way. Rewrite the given material until you understand what it means, and how it relates to the other material that you're trying to learn. This will not only help your ability to remember the information, but it will also allow for a better and deeper understanding of the given material. 3. Don't waste time highlighting. Although it is one of the most popular forms of revision and studying, highlighting pieces of information has been proven to have no effect of the information that is retained. For this reason, there is very little point in highlighting your notes as a method of learning. It may, however, help with picking out pieces of information from others. In short, use highlighters in moderation to help avoid wasting time and overcrowding your page with key information that's not really that important. 4. Say goodbye tonight before cramming. Planning ahead and getting started early is the best way to work for those top grades. Professor Dunlossy says, students who cram may pass the exam, but they don't retain the material. This is an issue because it leaves students who carry on their education without a true foundation to build upon. A technique called distributive practice is a far more effective approach to studying. Distributive practice implements a schedule of practice that spreads studying out over time. This allows time for the brain to take in all the necessary information and become more familiar with it each time the topic is practiced. It's a bit like practicing drawing the same thing again and again to get it perfect. 5. Test yourself. This one is an old but valuable method for getting the exam material drilled into your brain. Testing yourself allows for information to be brought back to the surface of our consciousness and we retain it as information that is used frequently. As well as helping us retain information, some studies have proven that testing may also allow us to be more susceptible to newly presented information after the testing. It may not be the most thrilling way to study, but it is by far one of the most effective. 6. Take short naps and forgive procrastination. It may sound counterproductive and entirely backwards, but research has shown that short naps in between study sessions help to boost concentration and allow for more enhanced memory. Forgive procrastination is also good for allowing more concentration further down the line. It has been shown that students that forgive procrastination are less likely to procrastinate again before exams. 7. Be prepared. Before you even think about starting your studying, you need to ensure you have all the necessary handouts and research materials for your topics. This is really important when it comes to exams, because you can not only rely on one source, such as a textbook. You should be gathering information from lots of different sources to create a wider and more complete understanding of the topic. 8. Teach the material to your friends and family. The potage effect occurs when you learn via teaching information to someone else. This happens because the act of teaching greatly improves your understanding of the topic and eventually you will call the information more accurately and effectively. So when it comes time to getting all the final points in place, teach your study material to anyone and everyone that will listen. Encouraging them to ask questions will help too. 9. Use elaborative interrogation. It may seem like a complex term, but the basis behind it is relatively simple. Elaborative interrogation is the process of asking yourself why something is the way it is, why the answer to a problem is the way it is. This is a useful technique because it allows for a deeper understanding of information as well as helping to build critical thinking skills. 10. Use self-explanations. Self-explanation is a similar process to elaborative interrogation. It is the method of using your existing knowledge to make sense of new information. This is a great method for students to consolidate their learning as it prompts them to think outside of their provided information and make inferences about topics of their own accord. Use this when looking through your notes to add extra information that you may not have thought of the first time around. Do you have any other study tips you want to share? Let us know in the comments below. Also, be sure to check out Ways to Grow, who animated this video for more videos about self-development. If you found this video helpful, please give it a thumbs up. And don't forget to subscribe. Thanks for watching.


In this community here, everyone shares everything. From money to cars and even laundry. My name is India and you are about to get a look at one of Israel's very own utopian communities, otherwise known as Kibbutz. A Kibbutz is a type of collective community that only exists in Israel. And we are at one right now. Here at the Hatserim Kibbutz in South Israel, everyone makes the same amount of money, whether they work on the farm or in high tech. That's because all the money people make goes into the community. Here, there is no stress of paying rents or bills because the Kibbutz covers it all. Even cars are shared. The cars and keys you are seeing now belong to everybody here. So yes, a Kibbutz is a community based on the idea of socialism, where ownership of almost everything is shared. You see, Kibbutz communities started to pop up around Israel before it officially became a country. Actually, they were incredibly important to the establishment of Israel. Today, there are still around 270 of these communities. But they're not all what they used to be. Why? Well, Kibbutz communities no longer share their resources like they used to. However, today we are at one of the last communities in Israel that still operates by sharing everything. This is what it's like. First off, life here is largely centered around farming. What you are seeing now are jojoba trees and that is what this Kibbutz is growing. But of course, these plants need water. These Kibbutz actually invented the now famous drip irrigation system that made it possible to grow crops in the desert. That is why this community is actually very wealthy. The money produced from manufacturing this irrigation system and growing these crops goes to support the Kibbutz. Not only do they work the farm together, they also do laundry together. There are around 1,000 people who live here. So that's a lot of dirty clothes. Everyone's clothes has a number on them like this. First, they put their clothes together for washing. Then, once they are clean, they are sorted and returned to you based on your assigned number. And when you are hungry, you can just come to the Kibbutz cafeteria where they serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day. Now I should add, if you want to join the community, it is not so easy. You have to go through a rigorous application process or get married to someone in the Kibbutz to live here. But it could all be worth it. Here, you don't have to worry about food, clothes, or rent. Even healthcare and college are paid for. So now you can see why some people call it a utopia. But there is a side to these communities that led to their decline in the past. Many people feel that there is simply no privacy. Back in the day, even children were shared among some of the Kibbutz communities. Kids didn't live with their families. Instead, they lived in children's homes with the other kids their age. Some people were not pleased to grow up this way. So Kibbutz communities evolved. Today, some share more of their resources and others share less. But they usually have one thing in common. Community comes first. It's a community that we always share with friends and people around us. Many children and friends. This is Life on the Kibbutz. This is Inside Israel! Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.


I'm here to hear all about it with Stephanie Stiles who plays Catherine in Newsies. So Catherine, what has been your experience like on the show so far? It's been a dream come true. Working for Disney and getting to tell the story of Newsies has been something I've always wanted to do. Getting to see these athletes and getting to dance with them has been unbelievable. I love tap dancing across America with these gents. They refer to the newspapers as PAPES. Do you have any fun nicknames for the guys in your cast? My friend Darcy, I call Darcy. And then Dan DeLuca, oh my gosh, I have several nicknames for Dan DeLuca and he has several nicknames for me. It's a dream to do this original Christopher Gatelli choreography, especially because Tony award-winning. And he really shaped the show for each individual even in this new production. Costumes are stunning and I feel I immediately get into character every single time I put them on.  I love the colors.  And even the Newsies, they have darker colors, but she really pops. I think that's something really exciting. For entertainment, and be sure to check this show out.


I am not selling wine, I am not selling wine, he is driving the truck. Very expressive faces, no? Oh my God, look at the skinny one, all the wool went away. This is new member of our family. How old? 6 days. Really? It's about 8.5 kilos. Oh my God.


All right, you are still watching Ways Now, School Day of Non-Violence and Peace is observed in schools worldwide on January 30th to motivate tomorrow's citizens to find non-violent solutions to conflict. The day originated in Spain and has spread across the world, reminding us of the teachings of pacifists and advocates of non-violence, including Mahatma Gandhi. So happy international day, school day of non-violence and peace. This is very important because I mean every single time there is any semblance of maybe like a problem or any conflict, people just believe that you have to fight, you know, you have to insult each other, you know. So that's why I don't know how I resolve conflict is I try to step back from the situation, you know, and I'm quick to apologize really if I feel like there's something that you are offended by. You know, when I when I'm able to get clarity, I just say I'm sorry because it doesn't really hurt anybody. Just apologize, right? Whether you choose to believe that the apology is genuine or not, that's on you.  But I see that a lot of people and again with this age of social media, right, it's so terrible. Any little thing that happens, it's on social media.  It is difficult because I don't even look at it. I don't even know, you know. So I mean, violence now has even moved beyond just picking up arms. Violence right now, violence. Crazy.  So it's something that we have to really be conscious of as a people and, you know, just, you know, as much as possible. Let peace guide us. Let's, you know, no matter how offended I am, I can accommodate and tolerate, but I just, I would just be calm and quiet. But I think let peace be at the back of all our minds. How do you resolve conflict though? Oh, like you said, I take a step back and I try to have a conversation from a place of listening to understand, not necessarily to justify exactly to respond, you know.  It's just misunderstanding. And you probably, you're both of you are even saying the same thing, just different ways, you know.  So when they see adults find that violence is the only way for them to resolve conflict. They naturally think that's the right way. So, but if we're the only way, exactly the only way. So, yes, we have to keep on telling them that they're emphasizing there's a different way. Have a conversation. If the child is raising a tantrum, let the child calm down. True. True. I've learned that one. You can't get me to react. I always respond. So I will stay quiet. We have don't know you're ranting. I will come and respond to you back. But hey, I can't be, we can't be all like that. At all. At all. Yeah, we need some, some, so we will need a little bit of a tarot. But let me take my story in line with violence, right? I do state there was an early scruffle this today. Young people protesting. They took to the street, burning tires, saying that the government, of course, they were just generally upset about the government and how was it called things are hard, hardship and all of that. They can find that video. You know, it's what I was just, you know, worried for because can we, because we're talking about violence now, can we also express our views peacefully? We don't have to, do you understand? Yes, you are tired of bad government, no lights, no fuel, because that's what they were saying at the back of this burning of tires. So they had shot down the federal road. They blocked the federal road. And they said no light, no fuel, no new narrow notes. We're tired of bad governors. And this happened in Benin, Sapler Road. Right? So I mean, so this is what we're saying that conflict resolution or maybe like expression of grievance or whatever, shouldn't result to this because this now only God knows, you know, as little as this, I've seen how it just escalates into now wondering how did it even start, you know, start seeing violence, killings and all of that. So let's avoid, especially we are in a very tense period as a nation. Let's just avoid things like that.  Let's avoid it as much as we can. And I just hope that this is not going to become a thing in other states, because I mean, this is how there's also the mob mentality, you know, people see that, okay, this has happened in this particular city, we can try to nasty. And then it just becomes a wild fire. Absolutely, there's uncontrollable. What's your story then? I'll come back to another story. Okay, DSS arrests syndicate selling new Naira notes. So DSS says that, I mean, there is a syndicate, you know, doing this and then they feel that the bank officials are also very complicit in this. And that goes to your earlier statements about, you know, we see what is happening on social media for in parties, there are stacks and stacks of that works in a financial, she's the director financial company. She was just telling me on Saturday that she had a 1000 Naira notes just that moment that this is the first time because she doesn't want to cash. This nobody will now carry. And there was another party, so it was bond packets, they were spraying. So they all had a bundle and we just throw in packets of 500 Naira notes. So you're forced to ask, is that the fake notes? Or is that from? No, now we have caught them. Because it's just ridiculous. Now, did you hear, I said, this is a topic for tomorrow, because did you hear that for every 10,000 Naira? It's 5000. What kind of madness is that? 50,000 for 15,000. For what? Monetary does. I think who knows, I'd be like to spray. So you can't catch me there. So speaking about arrests, there's a police has arrested vandals, suspected vandals that went on, I think they went on the Ijora, but I think Ijora area rights of Lagos state, they had caught these guys at about 1 a.m., the patrol team around that Ijora area, they intercepted them in a Musubushi, Lanzakh, conveying vandalized railway tracks. Now, the two occupants of the vehicle had been arrested and the investigation is ongoing. The reason I took this story, remember when we talked about the trains derailing and all of that. So if we have more arrests like this, maybe because you see the Nigeria, we have a, they call it a hider headed monster. Whilst we're complaining that there are no infrastructures and all of that to accommodate the population that we have as Nigerians, we have a bigger problem where even the infrastructure, the little infrastructure that we have put in place, we as Nigerians, we destroy those infrastructure.  So we need to keep on catching these people as scapegoats, so that they know that it is not business as usual. I mean, you put the medians on the roads in the express, you see them, they want to roll up those barbed wires. The medians are there specifically so that people are forced to use the pedestrian bridges, so that they will not be dead anymore while crossing the road. But it's just a complete mess. It's a mess, really, it is.  Yeah. Thank you. So you can slow down so that it can sell. Wrong. And I think we need to focus more on enforcement. Yes, I'm talking to ourselves. Yes. Advocacy. Advocacy. We need to teach people. People need to learn that it is beyond that cover you want to put in your pocket. It is, it is, it is. All right. So on that note, we're going to continue this money matter tomorrow. We'll take a break now. When we come back from the break, we have Kule La Wao with us. Stay with us. We'll be right back.


In this video I'm going to show you how to create flipped video material in Wattle, in Moodle. So here's the Moodle page for Physics 11.01 and we have a bunch of flipped material down here in the Lab section which is used for the Pre-Labs. So here's what it looks like.  That will take you to a question.  Continue and so on. Now to create one of those, as usual in Wattle, turn editing on. Then wherever you want it, add an activity or resource. Lesson. Now let's start off with a content page. The way you insert videos, as the usual way in Wattle, you get the URL for the video and then you put a link to it. Make it a link and then you have the link to the X1. Just that way you want to jump next page or to another page. And then here's what it looks like. You can play the video or click here to go to YouTube. This has more flexibility than edX. You can, for example, if they get a question wrong, send them to one video or if they get right, you can send it to another place. You can build incredibly complicated branching trees. There are vast numbers of options, as usual for Wattle. Most of the time, I have no idea what they do. But have a play around and ask for help if this is the route you want to take.


students. So, now we will be discussing about multiple disabilities. So, what do you mean by multiple disabilities? So, it means a person with several disabilities such as sensory disability associated with a motor disability. Depending upon the deficiency or severe intellectual disability may be included the term multiple disability. Individually usually has more than one significant disability such as movement disability difficulties, sensory loss and or behavior or emotional disorder. Now coming to the assessment of learners with multiple disabilities. Determination of eligibility based on the definition and standards for two or more disabilities. The nature of the combination of the learners disabilities require significant developmental and educational programming that cannot be accommodated with special education program by addressing any one of the identified disabilities. Documentation including observation and or assessment of how multiple disabilities adversely impact the child's educational performance in his or her environment. Coming to the effective educational program, independence is the goal. No matter how small or big task is the child should learn to use it to make life easy and simpler for his or her. Teaching skills that are functional and meaningful with the limited opportunities available to the child. Teaching skills in natural settings. The child is able to remember things that he or she learns while going through these or her day to day routines. Providing assistance as needed. Encourage the child in every attempt. Providing repeated opportunities to practice. This will help the child to get opportunities to try out the activity again and again. Using real concrete objects. When experienced to know about the world is so limited it is better to use objects that he sees and uses every day rather than expensive and unusual things. Developing routines activity schedule. Having a fixed timetable for the day with the child. This helps him to have more control over his or her life and to anticipate what is going to happen with him next. This also helps to encourage communication attempts by the child immense. Multisensory approach. It is best to make use of all remaining sensory abilities of the child like seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and movements. Planning inclusive activities. With highly individualized activities being planned for the child there is always a risk that either the parent or one caregiver is constantly trying to teach the child. Making use of resource person from the community. It is important that the best advantage is taken from the resource person from the community as teachers. Coming to the accommodations or supports. A multi-disciplinary team consisting of the learners, parents, education specialist and medical specialist in the areas in which the individual demonstrates problems should work together to plan and coordinate necessary services. Involvement of the appropriate professional. It will be a multi-disciplinary team which includes various professionals starting from the physicians and various physiotherapists, occupational therapists etc. Accessibility of school building and classroom. Having a body system that ensures their needs are heard and that they get aid when needed. Simple specific and systematic instructions should be given so that they can easily understand and can perform with the instructions.  So in the last, for summing up of this particular unit and we have to remember as teachers that an inclusive classroom is one in which all the students are welcomed and differing learning needs are supported in a meaningful and responsive learning environment. A key aspect of moving beyond enrollment to ensuring full participation of children with special needs is by positively affecting teachers beliefs towards students with disabilities. It is very important for teachers to try out different strategies to find those what work best for them and for the child in or her classroom. That is all in this video. Thank you very much.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late sports cards. We are ripping one box of 22 Bowman Inception baseball hobby for Keith H. It's good luck here, Keith. See what we got in here for you, buddy. 22 inception. Vakero and Yeti Cappy. Oh, okay. That is Michael Hernandez, 52 of 99. That'll work. Yeah, that's gonna be, how about a one of one? Yonatan Classe. Congrats on that, Keith. There you go, buddy. One of one black. Heck yeah, dude. Yonatan Classe. One of the Mariners. Higher rated prospects, I would say. He was a 2022 Bowman guy. So in there, we'll get that mag for you, buddy. And a Joshua Baez, 88 of 200. Going to the Cardinals. There you go, Keith. That'll do it for your break there, Keith. Thanks again for the support, my friend. We'll get him right out to you, man.


Welcome to Exchange for Media's Weekly Recap. This week, WPP India announced its like-for-like revenue growth accelerated to 7.3% in the third quarter of 2023, with a strong performance in media. The Walt Disney Company's India Business Deal has been almost finalized with Reliance Industries reportedly. The announcement may be made early next month. Paragnesai, executive editor and fourth-generation entrepreneur at Vagbakri Tea Group, is no more due to injuries suffered during an attack by stray dogs near his residence. Apurva Chandra, the INB secretary, told the forum in an exclusive conversation that BART is an industry body and hence, stakeholders must themselves come up with a solution to it. Meta has posted 13% growth in gross ad revenue to Rs 18,308 crore in FY 2023 as per media reports. That is all for this week. Thank you for tuning in. This is Cheney for Signing off.


So the four ceremony just ended a couple of hours ago and I am shocked. I have experienced about 50 to 100 deaths of myself in one night. I was on me fighting with demons, my demons and the demons of someone else that was in the place as well and I was just gone and off and on and off and alive and dead and alive and dead and you know there was a moment where I only saw like it was dark and I couldn't see anything. It was like the end. There was nobody anymore, no more life in me. Only I could hear my heartbeat like bee and that was it. Very traumatic, very hard, by the end. I never thought I'd gonna find myself back here again. Seriously just three weeks ago another ayahuasca retreat was the last thing on my mind but then something extraordinary happened. Now picture this I'm strolling through the forest surrounded by nature's beauty when suddenly I feel a strong pull as if the universe itself is whispering in my ear saying Greg it's time for another ayahuasca retreat and guess what? I couldn't resist the call. Now here I am sitting at this breathtaking ayahuasca retreat center in Malaga called APL Journeys. To be honest I'm really excited about the experience that awaits me but at the same time I'm very very nervous because I'm not sure if I'm ready for it. Am I? Well the next seven days will definitely be extraordinary but let's see if I can handle it. As the day drew nearer a mix of nerves and anticipation consumed me. I knew deep down that this journey would redefine my life in unimaginable ways. The unknown beckoned and I was about to dive headfirst into the depths of my own consciousness. The moment has arrived. I'm in the sacred ceremony space where soon enough I will have to surrender to the ancient medicine and allow its wisdom to guide me through the labyrinth of my soul. Luckily I won't be alone in this endeavor. I'll be under the guidance of one of the most remarkable shamans in the world who will lead the ceremonies. Gosh I'm so nervous. So I just finished my first ceremony at the APL in Spain and it was not what I expected. I didn't purge and I yoned a lot but not purge in a typical way and I didn't go as deep as I thought I'm gonna go because I was really calm before the experience but really calm and I drank two cups not many people did but well actually some people did yeah maybe maybe half of them I didn't remember actually I was one of the first guys there because I was sitting very close to the shaman so I don't know and it was like for most of the night nothing really happened I was really trying to let go I mean I was really trying to just calm and I was really calm but then all of a sudden like my face started moving around in really weird ways I was like twisting a bit I had really I felt like really painful here pain in my ear which is really weird I don't know why and then I saw colors different colors some shapes I think and that was it and then I got out and I saw the sky and the sky was beautiful still is I think the sky was beautiful yeah I didn't I thought I'm gonna go deeper but now when I'm thinking about it I went quite deep just it was in a more subtle way maybe I don't know I don't know if this makes sense yeah but that's how I feel at the moment yeah it was on my first night I tried to go to bed now and then we'll have a second night soon I guess so yeah I'll try to make some more videos if I feel like it the first night is usually the most challenging one because you don't know what to expect so either you can't let it go because you're afraid of what would happen or you let it go and you couldn't believe what happened either way it's tough so my second ceremony my second ceremony was brutal it was extreme it was just crazy now I wasn't able to film directly after it I just had no I couldn't move I couldn't walk so I'm feeling this right now but that was just extreme so the first part of the night was wow I mean that so many bad memories came up it was so intense I mean at our moment there were so many moments when I thought like yeah that's it I mean I cannot do this shit anymore like please you know save me like you know stop this please please please because it was just insane I was just going insane like it was wild but then the second part was like the most amazing the most amazing experience in my life I was able to do stuff which which are really hard to explain I would need more time to think about it but I just got all the answers that I wanted to get really deep profound questions I had before and I got all the answers to those questions and it was just pure bliss and love and happiness and really really nice but overall you know it really destroyed me it was it went on for the whole night basically I slept maybe like an hour so and I couldn't walk for most of the night I couldn't understand the concept of my legs I mean as I said it was brutal I was like living in a different world different reality and that was it and that was it yeah now I have the third ceremony and then the fourth and then the fifth one I see what happens let's see experts say that I was like a mother that is going to slap you until you get what you need to heal and that's exactly how it feels like after you take it she's playing with you like professionals plays with an amateur and she manipulates you in a way to have no chance against her she does all of that just to teach you a lesson and the lesson is the most profound lesson everyone should learn you're not perfect and you will never be but you're enough and until you really believe that you will never feel that way hello hello so my third ceremony just ended and it lasted for like 12 hours so it started about nine in the evening and I just woke up at around nine in the morning or about eight eight thirty I think uh what you're saying yeah for the first half an night I didn't expect it to happen I was like shit you know I'm again overthinking or maybe I didn't drink enough enough ayahuasca maybe I should uh I don't know maybe I want too much you know I'm like am I just too active but when the ceremony closed at about after four hours officially I mean it just kicked in like I was very very late but it just kicked in and I was able to ask questions I got the answers I was ah I was yeah there's so many things that happened in one night it's just crazy there's just so much there's so much love as well it's a positive experience biased while I feel really tired right now to be honest I'm like yeah really tired and it takes a long nap today because we have the fourth ceremony in a couple of hours which is I don't know how I'm gonna drink again I was because it really makes me sick now I'm just thinking about it that's disgusting but you gotta do what you gotta do right that's what I say so yeah two more nights and then let's see so powerful this is so powerful man so the fourth ceremony just ended a couple of hours ago and I am shocked I have experienced about 50 to 100 deaths of myself and in one night I was um yeah fighting with demons my demons and the demons of someone else that was in the place as well and I was just on and off and on and off in alive and dead and alive and dead and you know there was a moment where I only saw like it was dark and I could I couldn't see anything it was like the end there was nobody anymore no more life in me only I could hear my heartbeat like b and that was it very traumatic very hot but at the end um I know why this happened and it was definitely worth going through that process and yeah it's funny it like even if you have the hardest trip of your life you wake up in the morning and you get this profound knowledge this profound experience that just changes everything and in this case it changed it as well I don't know you need to you need to mental and yeah mental energy and stamina to endure but um but if you do you're gonna be very very grateful because in just four days your child your life will change forever that's what I can promise you now I think it's time for me to take a short nap because I haven't slept at all maybe two hours in total in the past two days and yeah I'm very tired after the roughest and most challenging four nights in a row the ceremonies finally ended and I felt this huge relief in my heart but at the same time I was sad about it at that moment I understood that I would never be the same again and that Greg who came to this retreat is not the one that would leave the retreat I also knew it was time for a new chapter in my life and I knew very well that I was ready for it my second encounter with ayahuasca became one of the most dramatic events of my life it transformed me in ways I could never have imagined the visions unfolded like vivid paintings revealing the depths of my soul and unearning hidden truths in that sacred space I confronted my deepest fears and found the strength to heal wounds that had haunted me for years as I emerged from the ceremony a sense of awe washed over me the weight of my past mistakes lifted replaced by a newfound sense of purpose and self-acceptance it was as if a veil had been lifted revealing the immense potential within me inspired by my own transformation I felt a calling to share my story with others I wanted to inspire and encourage you to embark on your own journeys of self-discovery and healing as I move forward I carry the profound lessons of my journey within me my ayahuasca experience will forever be a pivotal moment reminding me that even in the face of darkness there is always hope and the potential for profound transformation this marks the end of our extraordinary journey a testament to the remarkable power of ayahuasca to ignite personal growth and profound change may you find the courage to embrace your own transformative journey and that's how my ayahuasca journey ended once and for all or did it


I think I could make a compelling argument that the things we say to ourselves, our self-talk and our self-narrative, are the most important things we will ever say. So we have to start learning to talk to ourselves the same way we would talk to a friend or a loved one. If you called me up tonight, and I know we're new friends, but if you called me up tonight and said I'm feeling stoppable, I'm feeling stuck, I'm struggling, the very first thing I would do would be to try to comfort you, to let you know I believe in you, that I care about you and that you got this. The last thing I would do would add shame and guilt, would be critical, would pile it on. Yet a lot of high drivers, a lot of ambitious people, that's the first thing they do to themselves. And they take these negative feelings and they either try to resist them or suppress them or ignore them, which I don't recommend, but then they start being very critical and they start stacking on the shame and guilt and that only weighs them down. So the first thing you have to do is just let it go.


Corruption in Nigeria is a constant phenomenon and with the forthcoming elections approaching what is the relationship between the political economy of corruption and the elections. Stay with us to find out. The current Naira scarcity occasion by the currency swap policy of the central bank of Nigeria has affected a lot in various aspects of Nigerians and live in the biggest city economy. We wonder about its effect on the health of citizens. We'll talk about this on our second conversation. And we also have a look at the headlines on some of today's national dailies. Welcome back, it's still the breakfast in Place TV Africa. My name is Kofi Bartel. It's a beautiful Monday. I'm glad you're there and watching along with us. Well, I am messy, but when we're reaching your live right here from our studios in Victoria Island, Lagos, we hope you had a great weekend as we did. Kofi, I guess you had a great weekend. Yes, indeed. The weekend was fantastic. You know, we had a telethon yesterday here on Place TV Africa. It was never before in the history of television broadcasting. Is the second? Have I seen in Nigeria? No, it's part of the first one. So I'm just saying is the second? Well, so Place TV Africa is the place to be. I mean, we have it locked out as far as elections 2023 is concerned and where your election is television station. All right, so please keep it locked here for everything 2023 elections. I don't think you should touch that out. Merci, how was your weekend? Great. All right. Rest well. You didn't go to the cinema? You seem to somehow find the way to go, find places to go to whilst just at home on weekends. No, I mean, very restful for me. I had a lot of time resting. You had a lot of time resting. So usually, if I look, it's like clocking in. So I would say whenever I clock in on Friday, I don't get out till, you know, Monday. Merci is being charged with the truth. Merci has a way of finding some fun spots. No, so apparently if I clock in on Friday, I just chill till most times. Then I have to go to church, but I didn't go to church yesterday. All right, all right. Well, we'll repent for the kingdom of God. Let's start with the first training starting tonight. This morning, of course, we will always start with a top training segment. So we take conversations on social media and what generally is got people talking, chit chatting and bring it on here. I think people may admit a tired of V-square versus Sheyam Kuti, you know. So let's look at this as heart-wrenching. And of course, the unfortunate death of a 12-year-old student of Christland High School. Yes, indeed, that school is in the news again. And I'm not going to say blah, blah, blah, Christland again, like you say, in this part of the world. But Whitney Adiniro is a deceased young girl, 12-year-old, really sad.  She said to a pastor during the school's inter-house sports event on Thursday. Indeed, the deceased parents have accused the school management of negligence. And the father, Michael Adiniro, and his wife, simply identified as Mrs. Adiniro took to social media at the weekend to seek public intervention to unravel the circumstances that may have led to the demise of the sudden death of their daughter while she was taking part in the sporting activity or events of the school. They said the event was held at the Agege stadium in Lagos and that the student who was healthy, Hale and Harte, you can see over the father, but that is not on that day. But she was said to be Hale and Harte before leaving home on the said day was reported dead by the management. But the school management has denied any wrongdoing, saying its officials took appropriate steps to save the deceased when she slumped at the stadium. That is video on social media shared by Mrs. Adiniro, who narrated how her daughter prepared for the event on the day. And she claimed that the school took the deceased to an immunization center instead of a hospital. According to her, from the time her daughter, 12-year-old girl, fell to the moment she was pronounced dead. It was about a spot of 10 minutes, what the mother said. So the parents accused the school of negligence insisting the lack of an ambulance or first aid, or first aiders as well, a venue, you know, contributed to her passing on. It's a really sad one indeed. Of course, like I said, they have denied any, you know, culpability in all of this. Mercy. So I'm going to try not to be emotional. Feel free, feel free. No, I mean it's not about a feel for you. It's an emotional one. No, so I'm not sure you can contain me if I would begin to shed tears here right here on national television. But, you know, it's very unfortunate. It's what has happened. And like you have stated in the conversation, you talked about the same school as also in the news. But if you follow the story, vividly and all of the comments it's made from, you know, the father and the mother, like both parents, the school said at some point in their response that, you know, Whitney had stated that she wasn't buoyant in the statement. In the statement that was released, that she wasn't buoyant health-wise. So I'm even wondering why the word buoyant would be used in where you want to talk about the health issue. So she wasn't buoyant to be part of the spotting activity that was going to happen at a giga stadium, interhouse spot. And that was it. And that prior to this time, on the 20th of January, the school was, the parents were let her, you know, she wasn't feeling well. Whitney's father came to pick her from school, so it's possible that she had health issues. But I'm saying that if a child had health, I want you to think about it.  I have tummy ache and whatever it is I'm feeling feverish. I don't want to go to school. You know, because I understand how this works, right? Because I have a niece and I know how she can be every other time she would say to her parents, would you allow your child to go to school that day? Usually it's, you know, what's expected is that you call the school and tell them, my child can come to school today because she's not feeling too well. So the response from the school is that Whitney wasn't feeling well prior to this time. I mean, she had complained that she's not feeling well. There's some health concerns. And that's why she can't come. You know, she can't be part of the interhouse spot activity. But she showed up and it was also reported that the mom, you know, was also at the venue and when all of this happened, whatever happened, the parents also complained that they were not alerted until, you know, everything had happened. She was at the ground and everything happened. Well, let's leave it at that because it's suspected that the autopsy should be conducted to a certain what's responsible for the deaths of this young child, Whitney. And of course, when you find out, then you can tell what exactly it is. But however, speaking generally to the issue, I remember that schools usually set aside some parts of their premises for spotting facilities and recreational grounds for students to enable them, you know, develop physically and mentally. Kofi, I really don't know what your experience calling primary school, secondary school was like, but the one I attended and what I know over time is that first of all, even the ideology of having to transport children from, you know, the school premise to an external venue for an event has a lot of risk factor. An accident can happen and these things you don't have control of. You know, when an accident is going to happen, it's not like you're being sent a mail. There's no mail. There's no voice call. You don't have any notification from wherever that you're going to have an accident. Accident will happen and that's why it's called an accident. So I want you to begin to ponder. Like I said earlier on, I mean, if you have to be in school way back, what I know, I engage in activities, spotting activities in school. Oh, really? Yes, I did. And I played Kofi. You've been telling me. What did you play? Volleyball. Really? I used to play volleyball and I love volleyball. I think it's a simple sport. I should take you to a volleyball court one of these days. Yes. I haven't forgotten the skills. I haven't forgotten how it worked. I think it's the simplest sport ever. Yes. You can do this. No, you can do this.  No, so you do this one? It's like a fetching water. No, like you do this one. You do this one. But anyway, anyway. So my point is, my point is I'm speaking generally to the issue. Yes, I'm speaking generally to the issue. We understand that there's a call, there's a need for us to have an autopsy to ascertain what could be responsible for the death of the 12-year-old, right? I'm not sure anyone wants to be in that position. Just imagine, put yourself in that shoes. You have a child who left your house very healthy and very okay.  And you can't categorically, you know, get any concrete explanation to it. I'm just saying, think about it with all of the excuses that's been given. Well, my point here is, before this time, Kofi, schools used to have facilities. And the argument for, you know, privatization and the private sector is more efficient than, you know, the public sector. So private schools, public schools, and what have you. It is naturally. Like I said, recreational activities, you're going to have interhouse, but it was usually in the school space, whether my nursery school or the primary school. It was within school premises, right? So I want you to think about the danger of having to take children away from the school environment.  And that's also not even an excuse. But we can't continue to be complacent. That's what I think it is. We have total disregard. However we look at it, whether it's out of ignorance or, you know, it's a deliberate thing, we do not have regard for the lives of people.  You leave your house. Kids get to spend a lot of time in the school. That's another, you know, form where people are supposed to be responsible for these children. I can't say I have my kid allow my child in a school where you pay so much. I'm not sure you want to go through the fees. We're not saying anything here. We're just saying, look at all of this. We can't be careless. You can't even allow things to chance. We have to be, you know, I don't know. I don't know if it's out of the fact that we don't really care about how people fare or we're just careless about it. Or we're more concerned about how much we make. Because these days, whether you're rendering a service or you're selling a product, it doesn't really matter as long as you get the money. So the money is the motivation. And so you don't even care about whatever happens, you know, on the other side. But that's not humanistic. I'm not sure any religion supports this. Whether it's Christianity, whether it's Islam, Judaism, if I got that correctly, traditionalist, including the Havelist. I'm not sure the support, you know, this kind of attitude that we get to portray every other time. But we need to move away because we are out of time. Yeah, but before we go away, just a few words on this.   You know, immediate reaction.  But the mother put out a video, the first scale, that's the sex tape, we hope you remember that. She put out a video and of course the school was blamed for a lot of things and everything, you know, some teachers were arrested in that school, taken to the police station and all that, but as time went on, you know, the narrative, and celebrities came online, social media, to attack the school, seeing the kids had been abused and all that, but as time went on, it became clearer and clearer that, you know, it was more of the children getting themselves together on a trip to Dubai and having whatever they did and filming themselves, it wasn't the school who told them to go do that, you know, and maybe the school theorists too were not really aware of what these kids were doing, you know, so that's number one. Number two, people are confusing, during college where the late Sylvester Armonie was a student who died after he was taken away by his parents from that school, you know, but still it's almost the same situation we can compare in terms of the immediate reaction of the public to things like this. Our advice, you know, I mean, we're aware of all of those who were crying blue murder, you know, who were asking for the government to shut down during college as the facts of the matter have emerged, you know, the coroner's interests and the case going on. It seems that the public outcry, the public disdain for the school and people calling for the head of the school, you know, that's the school to be shut down, it's gone down a little bit considerably actually, that's because people have begun to see some facts and I think it's, we can take lessons from this or these incidents to learn how to wait, you know, learn how to allow authorities to the investigations and then if we see that something is going wrong or something is being hidden or someone has been protected because of their connections, then we can begin to talk. But for now, it's a bit early to start blaming the parents or blaming the school or blaming them. It's a bit too early. So we will mourn the girl, the mystery with the family and I think we just wait for the relevant authorities to carry out the investigations and let's see the outcome at the end of the day. Well, we move away from another one. It's not also very pleasant. It's that 39-year-old Nigerian, Ola Niye Nasiru, has been sentenced to over seven years in prison in the United States for his role in an international romance camp. We're talking about fraud here. So according to, you know, the report has stated that he opened 25 bank accounts to defraud elderly victims of 3.45, I beg your pardon, 3.4 million dollars. The United States prosecutor said that Ola Niye, who is a permanent legal resident of the United States, you have to get that. It's not like he's an illegal. I mean, he's very permanent as a resident. He opened about 25 bank accounts in his own name, a fake name, and a shell company, through which nearly 3.4 million dollars is fraudulently obtained, proceeds are transferred. Now, it was also disclosed that Ola Niye was alongside nine orders. I mean, alongside nine orders were indicted in a Chicago-based sting operation, Operation Gold Pish, that identified cyber crimes that targeted all the people, and they were sentenced to 88 months in prison, after which, of course, there was charge in 2019 with wire fraud and operations. However, there was also a report that, you know, he probably would have escaped to Canada and what have you. And now you have all of this. This is according to the reports from Fox 32 Chicago that was reported. Well, I don't think that this is the first time this is happening, but Kofi, what are your thoughts on this? Yeah, I think... Why are you smiling? There's not much to be said apart from the fact that, you know, we would just say, here we go again. You know, here we go again because we're still trying to understand what's going on with Hosh Popi.  So this is another Hosh Popi. We're looking at 3.4 million US dollars. That's a lot of money. And then the fact that this man, or money, or Lani, was defrauding elderly people. You know, I don't know whether he was promising them love or whatever, you know. But it just goes to show that in other parts of the world you can't get away with this thing, you know. I mean, if or Lani was in Nigeria doing these things, okay, if it was in this country doing these things to these foreign elderly people, people who probably were losing their pension, their life savings, what they're going to rely on to survive. And you know, abroad, the family support system is not there. Nobody is ready to take care of you as an old person.  Why should I? That's how the American young person thinks, American child, son, daughter. Why should I be taking care of you? You don't have to be a burden to me, okay? I left you home at 18.  I'm fending for myself. You need to take care of yourself. That's what it plays in with old people's home.   So if you see that, I mean, someone is defrauding elderly people, that's just so low, you know. That's just so low. But the thing about it is, will he have been arrested? Will he have been caught if he was in this country? Okay, or not? Number one, number two, if he had not been caught in America and he continued doing this crime, all right? Of defrauding elderly victims. He made so much money, three or four million dollars. And he one day decides, you know, I want to come back to Nigeria and contest an election to be the governor of, I don't know, maybe Cross River State. All right. I can actually know what he's going to question him. It's, oh, you were once investigated or there's some questions about, you come and contest as governor and then he'll win. All right, he'll win. And maybe after that, with his influence, he might say, okay, I want to be president.  No, yeah. So we have to thank the American authority. So I think he could end up being the president if you want to come to the country. No, but I think you took it a bit higher than, you know, my expectation and that's a plus, right? So I was thinking you're going to put it on the weekend and say, oh, it would just be that. But see, it's unfortunate. I, every time I say it's unfortunate, it's sadding. I really don't know what, you know, how this goes, but it's a reflection of how people think. I don't even also think that it should just be limited to a race because this crime actually goes across different parts of the world. Do you also know that Nigeria, there was a ranking some other time that's done between 2022 and 2023. However, an article was published in terms of, you know, those who are involved in countries that you can, you should be scared of and be aware of. And Nigeria didn't make number one. I mean, we didn't make number one for the first time because usually it was number one or number two. And if it's a positive light, it should be a plus. Imagine you have a child and then they're in school, you know, the confess top in their class. That's a plus. But Nigeria is number seven on the list of cameras. I'm not trying to say, I'm not trying to hold. Yellow plus is today. Wait, wait, wait. I'm not trying to hold brief, you know, for crime and criminality. What countries with the highest number of cameras, when I actually look at the article, Pakistan was number one, followed by Brazil and South Africa. And then you have Romania, Venezuela, India, Nigeria was number seven on that list. But yes, we have our case reported. And I'm not surprised because this is not the very first time we're hearing of Nigeria and being jailed in the United States for internet fraud or what they call that thing again, this is love scum, something like that, where you begin to promise the other person love and affection, romance and what have you.  Very, very, it's criminally minded. It's not it. And for a crime where people would expect that there are a lot of opportunities, more stable society, pre-organized, then why would you be engaging in all of that? It's low, just like Kofi had said. If you look at the people, just as- A permanent resident for that matter. Yes. Now you see how these guys affect the fortunes of God forbid. Honest Nigerians. We have to ask, well, this thing after years, the fortunes of honest Nigerians, and not just Nigerians, mercy, even Ghanians as well. Because the Africanians also getting, I mean, this is West Africa, they just put everybody together. And you have other African countries, like you said, who have their citizens going through this. So how would this affect you? How would it affect me? Because every time you say you're Nigerian, you're being looked at and perceived as a criminal. People are just running away. And that's a hasty generalization, because there's been an experience and encounter from a certain Nigerian, and all that we're having, it's not good. So we plead- What can we do about this? I mean, it's just to say that that's not the way out. Like we always say, this morning on my way to work. As early as I was on my way to work, before, I mean, five o'clock, around before six o'clock, then you have people begging. People who have their hands, their legs, their eyes, everything. You have to give, you know.  No, how do you not hustle on me? You're hustling in the sense that, you know, you're asking, but I think that there are other, so you have other things that you can engage yourself in. There are little things that can generate revenue. Yes, and this is to tell our young people, you know, we need to, there are ways to make money, like Mercy is saying. You know, fraud is not the way to go. You know, this money you're making is cursed. That's what I believe. You go steal money from someone. It's cursed. It's cursed. It will end well with you. That's my belief, you know. You may not be caught, but that money will not- You want to enjoy it though. You want to enjoy it. And then we also call on parents to do their best to make sure that they discipline their children. You know, the good book says, the Bible says train a child the way he should grow, or she should grow. Mercy. Because she has wins in. And when he or she grows, they will not depart from it. Or maybe I just give her a she. You know. And it's very important to also call on the authorities, Americans, you British, that the Nigerians are hardworking people. And if one person does something that is not right as a crime, doesn't mean all Nigerians or Africans are like that. So the citizen should not bear the brunt of the action of a few people. After all, you have fraudsters everywhere, even in America. The final one, the National Drug Reinforcement Agency arrested the general overseer of a church in Lagos who alleged drug trafficking. I don't know why you guys want to show his face on the screen. Or should we not touch? We should touch not the anointed. I don't know. But it's- His name is Femi Baba Femi. No, sorry, Femi Baba Femi is the NDLE spokesperson who announced this. Oh, there, you can see it. So that is the general overseer. But since it's alleged drug trafficking, I'm worried when we see these mug shots. I'm not a mug shot of that Nollywood girl who was said to have been spraying Naira. Remember, mercy. You know, these mug shots, what do you think they are not guilty? But anyway, his name is a high priest, Naudu Kendrick. He said to have been apprehended alongside several others in an attempt to export 283 parcels of methamphetamine. Can you imagine? And 14.9 kilograms of skunk. Mercy, you know skunk? Concealed in kegs of palm oil to Dubai. Kegs of palm oil. Mercy, you know skunk? How am I supposed to know skunk?  You're meant to know these things. Oh, well, so I hear skunk. But I don't know what skunk is. No, no, no. Don't try and come on. Why are you- So what is it? You don't know skunk? So, but I hear the name. I think it's- Every other time we say skunk, but what does it look like? What is skunk? Okay. You don't know. Yes. Honestly, I don't. Okay. All right. All right. It's a kind of marijuana. It's weed. Oh. It's weed. So it's weed. Is that generally for weed? Yeah, it's weed. But it's a higher grade. Of weed. Yes, yes. So it's called skunk. Yes. So when people want to buy, they go out to say the one's skunk. I hope I got it right. I hope I got it right. I'm not sure. I heard the Jamaicans talk about it. But I mean, what are your thoughts on this? Because I mean, what are your thoughts on this? Oh, Jio, Jio. Look at that. Jio, you know. I mean, it's a very nice to want to talk about, really, to be very honest, but it's, it's very disgraceful. What I say is disgraceful is that as those who are shepherds or those who are called into the fall or those who are, I mean, in the body of Christ, should be, should know better, should, you know, follow the steps. This statement, usually if you follow the Bible, now it sounds like I'm going to be a preacher, let me just go through it. Let's preach on. Preach on. Preach on. Coffee.  So they were like Christ-like. The behavior was like Christ. So that's why they were described like that. And if you, if you look, if you read the Bible, there's been several arguments about the Bible not being true and whatever it is, you know, whatever you, but in all of the documentation of the Bible, you find out that there was never anywhere that Jesus himself was doing wrong. Everywhere he went, he was doing good. He healed the sick. You know, he was very generous. He fed people. These were the kind of things that he engaged in. And so, I'm taking it back if that's, you know, Christ-like. But don't forget that a lot of people will come in the guise of saying that they are, you know, followers of Jesus. Absolutely. And but they're not. I don't like what you're doing to me. But we need to go now. No, no, no, no. Coffee was to get put off. All right. All right. All of you at the back here, we need to go away. This is the height of the shop. You put your... We need to go away. Hey, guys, come take this desktop so you can put off from messy, messy. This is our offering. I've never seen a thing like this. We have to go... Old Naira, by the way, Old Naira. We have to go steal the breakfast and plus we have to go right back.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss a question which says verify that the given function is a solution of the corresponding differential equation. y is equal to cos x plus c, y dash plus sin x is equal to 0. Let's start the solution. Here the given differential equation is y dash plus sin x is equal to 0 and the given function is y is equal to cos x plus c. Now we have to verify the given function that is y is equal to cos x plus c is the solution of the given differential equation y dash plus sin x is equal to 0. As before, we will find the first derivative of this function and substitute in the given differential equation to see whether it is satisfied or not. So on differentiating both sides of the equation, that is the above equation, with respect to x, we get dy by dx is equal to minus sin x or y dash is equal to minus sin x. Let us give this as number 1. Now on substituting the value of y dash from 1, in given differential equation, we get the left hand side as minus sin x because the given differential equation is y dash plus sin x is equal to 0 and y dash is minus sin x. So the left hand side of the given differential equation becomes minus sin x plus sin x and this is equal to 0, which is our right hand side. Hence left hand side is equal to right hand side. Therefore, the given function is a solution of the given differential equation. So this completes our session. I hope the solution is clear to you and you have enjoyed the session. Bye and take care.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says divide the sum of 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 by the product of 3 upon 2 and minus 5 upon 7. Let's move on to the solution now. First we need to find the sum of 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3. That is we need to find 12 upon 5 plus minus 10 upon 3. Now as you can see that the denominators of these two rational numbers that is 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 are unequal. So first we'll find the LCM of the denominators that is 5 and 3. Now 5, 1 times is 5 then 3, 1 times is 3. So LCM of 5 and 3 is equal to the product of these two numbers that is 5 and 3 which is equal to 15. Thus the LCM of the denominators of the given rational numbers is 15. Now we'll express the given rational numbers whose sum we need to find out that is 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 with the LCM that is 15 as the common denominator. So consider the rational number 12 upon 5. To make its denominator 15 we need to multiply its numerator and denominator by 3. So this is equal to 36 upon 15. Now consider the rational number minus 10 upon 3 to make its denominator 15. We need to multiply its numerator and denominator by 5. So this is equal to minus 50 upon 15. So now we need to find the sum of 36 upon 15 and minus 50 upon 15. So this would be equal to 36 minus 50 upon 15. This is further equal to minus 14 upon 15. That is we have that the sum of the rational numbers 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 is equal to minus 14 upon 15. Next we need to find the product of 3 upon 2 and minus 5 upon 7 that is 3 upon 2 multiplied by minus 5 upon 7. This would be equal to product of the numerators of the two rational numbers that is 3 into minus 5 upon the product of the denominators of the two rational numbers that is 2 into 7. And so this is further equal to minus 15 upon 14. Thus we get 3 upon 2 multiplied by minus 5 upon 7 is equal to minus 15 upon 14. Now we need to divide the sum of 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 by the product of 3 upon 2 and minus 5 upon 7. So this means that we need to divide minus 14 upon 15 which is the sum of 12 upon 5 and minus 10 upon 3 by the product of 3 upon 2 and minus 5 upon 7 which is minus 15 upon 14. So this would be equal to minus 14 upon 15 multiplied by the reciprocal of minus 15 upon 14 which is 14 upon minus 15. So now this is equal to 14 into 14 upon 15 into 15 which is equal to 196 upon 225 that is when we divide minus 14 upon 15 by minus 15 upon 14 we get 196 upon 225. So 196 upon 225 is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution for this question.


Okay, thank you very much. Thank you for the invitation for this webinar. And so I decided to focus this one hour talk on the work we have done in the last let's say 10 years almost on the application of this technique to study pathologic tissues. And so, this is the table of contents of my talk, I will briefly introduce what, why we use this scanning microscopy is, and as all the cases I will describe they contain collagen. I will briefly address what is sub molecular and super molecular structure of collagen, and then I will try to summarize the most of the results we obtained by this technique on these pathologies. So, or scanning microscopy the scanning microscopy okay that's a technique, which is used for x-rays but also with other kind of pros, which basically needs to think we need a source and an optics to have a focus beam. And then we just scan the sample and then we need a 2D detector to collect the signal we are interested to study. And then we have to set up a way to put all together the data and to derive a quantitative analysis. In the final image, what matters is the beam size. So the beam size will give us the final image resolution in that space. So you can use a different type of focusing optics. In this review we recently published, we summarize also the different possibilities you may choose. For the application which I'm going to describe, we basically use the reflective mirrors. And we worked with some beam which had a size of a few tens of micrometers. But of course, especially synchrotrons today, you can decide to work with a very very small beam down to few tens of nanometers. Then the sample is described in this transparency here like an assembly of objects, scattering objects, and in the case these scattering objects are crystalline, it means that the lens scale we need to study can be at an angstrom lens scale or a few angstrom down to one meter, say, the scale. And if you put this simply in the Bragg law, you will see immediately that this lens scale corresponded to a wide angle scattering. So wide angle X-ray scattering can probe this kind of situation. And the typical data that you collect will be either of this type with spots in the 2D image, or with some spots with little wider rings, or very broad rings. So even without knowing too much of crystallography, too much of details of the problem, so you immediately can distinguish these three cases, and micro-crystalline materials and nano-crystalline materials and amorphous. But of course, then in order to extract important and relevant information at atomic scale, you really need to enter a bit more in detail of the pattern and to use the crystallographic knowledge. If the sample, on the contrary, is not crystalline, but is simply made of scattering objects of a certain size, let's say below 100 nanometers, and provided that these objects have an electron density contrast different enough from the matrix where they are embedded. Then it's sufficient that you collect small angle scattering, and the angle of scattering will depend inversely on the size of the object, so the larger the object, the smaller the angle. And then by analyzing the data, you may have a situation where the data contains only amorphological information, and this is the case when these scattering objects are very much dispersed in your matrix. Or in the case, they form a lattice at the nanoscale, you will see the fraction peaks. So let's say, depending on the decreasing on the order in your sample, you may find this situation or this situation. So, as I said, all the cases I have extracted from our work, they all contain collagen, so it's very important that I give you a bit of information on these kind of fibrous protein. I'm talking about type 1 collagen, and if you go in the protein database that is free for everybody of us, and you search for one of the possible structure, atomic structure of type 1 collagen, you can download this one cog type of structure, which is described here. And you see that there are two main directions, the meridional direction, which is along the fiber axis, and the equatorial direction, which is exactly perpendicular to it. And this corresponds to the Vax pattern where you immediately see that there are two major directions, the orthogonal each other, which corresponds to the meridional axis and the equatorial axis of this representation. So if I did the PDF analysis of this structure in order to know where are the major distances which repeats in this structure, and they occur at about 0.29 nanometer and at 1.5 nanometers, and they are clearly recorded in the diffraction pattern. The 0.29 is this little peak here on top of this broad band, and it's one third of the distance, this distance between adiase and amino acid residues, and the 1.5 nanometer distance, which is this much more resolved peak. This corresponds to the distance between laterally spaced molecular triple adiases. So these two periodicity are very important at the molecular scale. If we go to the supramolecular scale, the molecules arranged in these well-ordered, staggered fashion, which is depicted in this image, and they form a real periodicity, even at the nanoscale, around the value, let's say, around the 65 nanometers, bringing origin to these sharp peaks in reciprocal space. As you can see in these measurements, for example, we collected 20 orders of this periodicity, meaning that it's a very well-ordered structure. And if you want in 2D, you can see clearly these rings, these arcs, which are clearly evidenced in the 2D SUCKS data. Okay, so in any data analysis, which I will explain now, is very important three steps of this data, a sort of data reduction. So you collect the 2D image point by point in all the area, which is important to study, and then you reduce from 2D to 1D integrating this along the ring to produce a 1D pattern for each frame. Then for you decide to investigate one or two or three or more peaks of interest for you, the so-called lens scales of your problem, for example, I can decide to monitor point by point the reflection number five of these series of reflections. And then for each one of these 2D image, I take into account a specific ring, and on this ring I study along the azimuth, the variation of the intensity. So to use this multimodal imaging approach, and to get information about the orientation of the fiber, which can be along one of these directions, in this case, for example, is exactly horizontal. So I can follow point by point how the color code, how the orientation of the fiber changes. Of course this is one possible information that I can derive, but I can derive also the abundance of a specific tissue, the abundance of the more tissue across the area which I am exploring and many more information as we will see in the cases. Okay, so let's start with the first application, keratoconus. Keratoconus is a pathology of cornea, and which creates an abnormal curvature of cornea with the strong, strong modification of collagen. And this affects type one collagen, in fact. So in collaboration with the Harvard Medical School in USA, we studied these samples, which were bovine eyes, where we removed in the central part of the eye, the corneal epithelium, and then a cross-linked agent, which is the riboflavine, was used together with exposure to UV lamp. And the question was, what was the effect of this cross-linking? Does it affect, does it give any effect on collagen? And if yes, which effect? So we did the experiment, C-SUX beam line at SLS in Vivigen, putting the sample, as you can see here, in some envelope to keep them wet all the time. And we placed the SUX detector at a distance of seven meters from the sample. And this is the area that we explored, which is roughly 10 by 10 millimeters square. And we decided in this experiment, for example, to work with a beam of 30 by 15 micrometers square. And then this beam was moved across all the area, and point by point, several SUX first SUX, and then VACS data were acquired. Okay, so this is, in this case, most of the information was in the SUX regime. This is already the end of the story, so to say. So in the area that we explored, we recognize that the central part corresponded to a SUX pattern, while the corona around to another SUX pattern. These are the 2D SUX pattern, which are a bit difficult to see in comparison. But if we reduce to the 1D profile, you see immediately that there are some changes. But let's see more in detail. Okay, these are the two same, the same two profiles. And you can see that there are sharp peaks and wide peaks. These sharp peaks corresponds exactly to the periodicity that we expect to find in collagen along the fiber axis, as we previously described, the 65 nanometer periodicity at the nanoscale. And we recognize immediately that there was no big change between the internal part and the external part of the cornea in this specific periodicity. The broad part, on the contrary, corresponds to the equatorial direction, so to the lateral packing of the collagen fibers. So we decided to filter out this periodicity and to work only on the equatorial part. Again, it's a bit difficult to recognize what are the differences between these two curves, at least in reciprocal space. But if you do a PDF analysis, which means you Fourier transform, or so to say, the reciprocal space data into dyke space, the difference appear much clearer in a clear way. And so the problem now is to give an interpretation of this PDF data. The interpretation we discovered was that we could explain all the peaks beside the first one, all the other peaks, due to a simple, hexagonal packing of the fibers, and the first peak to a shell around the collagen fiber. So what's an exotic interpretation, so to say, but then screening across the literature, we recognize that in fact cornea, which have been studied also by TM, has a packing, even at law, a law order packing as an hexagonal. And in fact, so this justified our modeling. But then we went to the data and we tried to reply to the question, which was, I remind you, what happened due to this treatment. And so if you see by our data, the interfibrilla spacing L, the fibrill diameter fee and the shell thickness S, beside the hexagonal packing, our data say that the crosslinking by Riboflavine and UV lamp shrink the area where this was done. So it was real crosslinking agents that put together closer the collagen fibers. And so this was clearly demonstrated by our data. Even if the information was so barred, let's say in the data, we, by combining statistical analysis and crystallography, we could extract it clearly from the data. And now I move to the second case, the epitomellitus, the epitomellitus, maybe we don't know so much, but this is a real pandemic, a global pandemic I should say. We have more than 400 millions people affected by this disease in the world. And if you think that COVID-19 at the moment has 40 millions. So it's really a huge number. It's characterized by these high blood sugar levels in the four prolonged times, well beyond this number, which is the threshold. This creates some covalent bonding of glucose protein with the creation of these products, which are called the agile, which are irreversible products so they cannot be dissolved anymore. And one of the principal targets is collagen type one. And so we did on purpose some bio tissues of pericardium tissue from bovine. And so to say we doped with collagen, with glucose at this collagen. So we left for three days in glucose with the extra dose, very, very big doses at the pathological, just at the border pathologic and well beyond the pathologic level. So to see what was the effect of these glucose inside the tissue. And once again, we went through the analysis of our well known Bucks and Sucks peak. So first of all, we analyze the effect on the meridional Bucks peak, the one at 0.29 nanometers. We followed the orientation and how this orientation was changing in the area. And we follow also how the peak was moving across the area analyze per sample and among the samples so that means at increasing glucose dose. And we realized that the pair in the area that we explore the peak was moving according to an histogram and by monitoring the position of the peak and the width of this peak. We follow a certain trend, we could derive a certain trend of the variation of this peak. And we analyze also the equatorial peak, exactly in the same way. So taking the point by point how the orientation of this specific lattice periodicity was changing and how the periodicity number was varying point by point. And we derive the trend for this periodicity and we so we have seen that it is similar to the between the regional and equatorial the same trend. And finally, we repeated the same also at the nano scale. We decided to work on the number nine of this series of samples and to monitor again how this was changing. And once again, by the histogram across the entire area, we could derive the variation and the trend of this periodicity at the nano scale. Together, the conclusion we could derive the web, first of all, by looking at this color map was giving us an internal source sort of internal check, which means that the meridional vax was parallel point by point to the meridional vax as it is expected because there are two periodicity along the same fiber axis. And also the meridional vax is exactly perpendicular to the equatorial vax as it is expected for these two reflections. You may say, but that's a useful I mean, why do you have to derive this information. And this is a sort of internal check because when you have to screen across so many data, like in this case, each map contains 10,000 20,000 80,000 data is very important to put internal check that confirm either by statistical by crystallographic ratios that your black box is working properly. On the contrary, the periodicity changing with the glucose that was a very important and quantitative analysis. And the reason that we ascribe for this dilatation that we have monitor at certain up to a certain concentration of glucose was the following. And we know that collagen is hydrophobic molecule sugar is made by hydrophobic and hydrophilic part, the hydrophilic part attracts water and the water inside collagen initiate as well in process and this well in process explain the dilatation that we see in the first step of when we add that we start to add glucose. But then after a certain amount, this stops and reverse becomes a contraction. And the reason for the contraction according to us was that due to the creation of this agile. The agile means cross links, very strong cross links inside between the collagen molecules and the cross links create stiffening, as we know, and the stiffening means contraction, and this explained the results of analysis. As a third now case and from this on, I will move a still to some tissue containing collagen but mineralized collagen. And that means that this is contains all what we have seen up to now, plus an additional tissue. And the rotation is an inorganic tissue, which is hydroxyapatite hydroxyapatite is made by calcium potassium and other elements and organized according to a crystallographic symmetry which is the exogenous as this forms a nano crystals, this is the way our bonds are forms, and this the relationship between hydroxyapatite and collagen is very precise in space is expected that this nano crystals filled the gaps left open by collagen. Okay, so we wanted to study austerities, which is a chronic degenerative disorder of the hip joint. We studied the supramolecular changes and subtle molecular changes eventually of this disease. Monetary by wax and socks, this disorder, and relating to the age of the patients. We studied the different patients from an age between 62 to 87 affected by the same disease, and this bone was as planted during surgery. They were prepared the cutting embedding some polymers. And this is the composite image, for example, in socks mode, and you can see that there are immediately clear regions where you see differences very clear. The yellow one is the region where the bone is the blue one is the region where the polymer embedding the biopsies. And all this region contains in this specific case, for example, 80,000 frames. So once again, we did the same procedure we did the fall the folding, which means transforming each to the frame socks and bucks in one day profile, either for bucks and for socks. And then we rely also in this case on statistical analysis of so many frames. We used here the principal component analysis to reduce this such a huge number of data to reduce number with the lowest correlated data. For example, we extracted this four to the box. And here the corresponding one day box. And then for each point, it's also corresponds to the two desks and the one desks. So clearly there are some area which are simply background the panel on the first column. There's one area where there are some polymers, not very relevant for the study that we want to do. Another area where we see very clearly on the contrary, the diffraction from hydroxyapatite, which is here in 2D and 1D. The diffraction also in socks from collagen because I remind you this is a composite material made of soft tissue which is collagen visualized by socks and art tissue which is hydroxyapatite visualized by box. Okay, then we wanted to proceed and what we did was exactly the same way. We studied some precise landscape. So for college and we decided to study the third, the first and the third meridional reflection. And for box from box data, we decided to study the 002 reflection of hydroxyapatite and the 210 reflection of hydroxyapatite. And the reason for this choice is that the 002 reflection should be nominally parallel to the collagen fiber direction and the 210 reflection is exactly orthogonal to the 002. Okay, once the landscape are defined, we proceed with our multimodal analysis, which means once again that per ring that we have to analyze, we follow the variation along the azimuth of the ring of the intensity. And we can reconstruct a microscopy which point by point contains an orientation along the map, which is in this case, for example, the orientation of the collagen fiber. We repeated the same also for the hydroxyapatite and point by point, we gain the information of the 002 reflection of the 210 reflection and we could internally check once again that whenever there is a color here in the complementary reflection, there is the orthogonal color because these two reflection are known to be orthogonal by crystallographic rules and must be orthogonal also by this microscopy. So this was an internal check that we did also this time and was fine. We cross-analyzed the data, which means here a collagen, here it is the hydroxyapatite, and we recognize that wherever there is a color here, it is the same color here, which means that the two components are exactly aligned parallel to each other, which is not absolutely straightforward because this is the model how it should be. This is our dimension, how it is in the sample, in the tissue. So the pathology did not destroy this order. On the contrary, the mineralization, the interfibrillar mineralization, which is supposed to be exactly in this way that mineral forms where the collagen is the gaps and forms in these bands is completely verified by our data. But then we wanted to go back to the problem. What was the problem here? The problem was to try to link morphological crystallographic structural information with the pathology and with the age. So we went back on collagen. On collagen for each of these raw data, we decided to extract three profiles per biopsy, apart from the background, the profile along the meridional direction, the profile along the equatorial direction, and point by point to make a canonical correlation analysis, which is again another statistical approach. So to quantitatively recognize how much collagen is in each biopsy to be quantitative of this point, we repeated that for all frames, the 80,000 frames per sample, for all the sample, and we arrived to this final graphic that clearly says that there is an increase of the collagen diffraction with the age. There is an linearity, perfect linearity in this pathology of the collagen fingerprint and with the age, and this is explained again by an increased level of cross link. So the fragility of bones in this pathology is due to the increased level of cross link, which is clearly here analyzed, and each point is the results of the statistical analysis of 80 frames. So although these are only six patients, each point is a very high content of information. Okay, so let's complicate a little bit more the problem. Let's go to another pathology, which is aneurysm. This condition, pathologic conditions, which can occur in aorta or in the artery of the leg, creates a weakening of the wall of the artery with really a disruption of the wall integrity. So, but what do we expect to find from the Saxon-Vax point of view? We studied some tissue extracted during surgery once again, affected by this pathology. And what is known is that this kind of wall contains collagen, type 1 again, but contains also some myofibril in the myocardium, for example. The Saxon analysis, which is now, you know perfectly what I mean, when I do, I show these maps, okay, we once again we did all the procedure, which means folding, data reduction, statistical analysis, all what I explained in the previous cases. But then we have to decide the lens scale of the problem also here. The lens scale are, in this case, clearly we see the peaks of collagen. So we decided to work selecting the fifth order of this spacing. Then we see the myofilament first order of this periodicity with this broad bump here. And then we search for a certain shallow, and it's not very big, this information, but can be deduced, due to the diameter of the elastin. And point by point we remapped these microscopes with a strong information content, because each point contains a tissue relevant microscopy. So for example, wherever we see here that does not contain collagen, on the contrary, contains elastin and myofilament. And then this fulfills our request for the soft part of soft tissues contained in these microscopes. But then we went across the Vax microscopes. Either the microscopy simply in transmission, so the absorption microscopy, which tells already a lot of things, because you see here is dark, wherever it's dark, it means that they absorb a lot. But if we keep the information content at this level is not enough, because we don't know what is the reason for this absorption. On the contrary, if we collect also the Vax pattern, and we do the same analysis, we recognize that there are three signals that by which we can explain the Vax data. And amorphous like this blue one, a nano-crystalline like this green one, and a micro-crystalline like this magenta one. So for example, this very highly absorbing part corresponds to the nano-crystal diffraction pattern. This area, which is violet, is a mixture of amorphous and micro-crystalline material. And this white is the mixture of the three. Okay, but what is exactly this? Now we need the crystallography information. And by searching across our database and by refitting our data, we could explain that the nano-crystal is hydroxyapatite, and we could derive all the relevant crystallography information about this profile, while the micro-crystalline diffraction pattern is cholesterol. By this second part of the data, we could extract all the information relative to the hard matter part of the tissue. And by combining everything together, we could cross correlate the hard matter and the soft matter, which means, for example, wherever there is hydroxyapatite, it does not exist collagen, but exists elastin and myofilament. And so this co-localization, cross-correlation of the soft matter part and the hard part is made, made, combining SACS microscopy and BACS microscopy with this quite important data analysis.  Breast cancer is another pathology, which is unfortunately well known by women, and it can be recognized because whenever you do my mammography, which is a real time in vivo analysis, you immediately suspect something when you see micro-facification in the tissue. My classification does not mean that you have the cancer. It may, it can be a sign of malignancy, but also not. So typically, you do a core biopsy, and then by histology and immunochemistry, you have to decide what is the status of the tissue and of the pathology and take a decision. So now, with the Institute of the breast unit of Mojiri in Pavia, we had them in this precise analysis, which is from the tissue blocks, they cut a five micron tissue for ramen, and very close to it, the 50 micron thick slice for X-ray diffraction. And to study in combination with one after the other. So they prepare the sample in a specific way, and they have analyzed 52 slices, making a very large classification of them, and so deriving five blocks of tissues, Benign, the green here, up to extreme malign, which means invasive calcium. So classifying per degree of malignancy. And they have done first a large analysis of these materials, already analyzing that when you have a benign sample, they are more heterogeneous than malign one, and different content of also phosphate, carbonase proteins, and they ask us to corroborate their analysis and also to validate them on specific tissues. So the same tissue that were analyzed by Rama, by Raman, were analyzed also by a Saxon-Vax microscopy. And for example, you see here what we already have seen in the previous cases, we have seen the absorption microscopy, which tells us immediately, okay, here we have some micro-pensification. Then we have done the Vax microscopy and the Vax microscopy. Clearly, say that in this micro-pensification, the major, the most, the largest part is where the white is indicated here. Contemporary, we have also the Sax analysis, which tells us the collagen, and you can see clearly that the green Sax color corresponds to the white Vax color, and the green Sax color correspond to a spacing of 63 nanometer, while the red one around the micro-pensification is smaller. So that means that the collagen is mineralized by this micro-pensification, and then by getting into the microscopy and analyzing in detail the Vax signals for this micro-pensification by Ritville analysis from by crystallography, we could address what was the crystallographic structure which explained the data, which was hydroxyapatite also in this case, but also we could follow how this peak shrinked by the malignancy, so by increasing the malignancy of the tissue, the main size increase, double, and by increasing the malignancy also the C axis of these crystalline unicell increases. So the malignancy leaves a clear sign in the Vax diffraction, which can be extracted, decoded, and quantitatively. That's the reason for that. There can be two reasons. One reason could be the altered metabolism of the magnesium ions, which are known to be involved inside this cancer, and magnesium ions substituted to carbon ions, so induce some variation in the lattice. And the other second cause can be a carbonate substitution in the hydroxyapatite. Both cases are open, and now we have done a second experiment in September, collecting other data on the same biopsy by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. So to really understand which of the two, if not both, are involved in this explanation. So, hi, I'm concluding. We have seen how these microscopes can be very helpful and very quantitative for many different pathologies that we have explored. In other cases, there is a strong combination of statistical approaches and crystallographic methods. They have to be safely combined in a synergic way in order to extract so many information. So we have developed our own program for this analysis, which is free for download for academics that you can find on our website, where most of the knowledge that we have acquired in so many years of work has been inserted in this software for all the other people who you may need. So thank you and thanking the group of people I have the honor to work with, which are here pictured. And I want to thank also Oliver Bunk, because he was present with me in all the paper which I have explained in these 10 years. And I want to thank all of you for listening. Thank you very much. I want to invite the audience to join us to virtually thank Chince for a great talk, really. Thank you again. So now it's time for the questions. We remind you that the video is recorded and it will be uploaded on YouTube. The participants today allow us to have a diet discussion with the speaker. So if you feel like you want to turn on your video and audio, feel free to do it, so that we can have a better interactive discussion together. Otherwise, I think some of you turn on the video before we have to turn them off. It's time for the questions. But if you don't have or you feel too shy right now to ask questions to the speaker, we can maybe ask you a couple of questions. Yeah, so for example, I'm always amazed to see how like from one instrument, you can actually get information about different pathologies and so I think some of the people in the audience might not be experts. And I think somewhat my wonder, if I want to have access to this technique, and I'm not from the University of Vali, how can I have access to it? Yeah, actually it was a good point because I should say that this work, which I explained, they have been either entirely studied in our lab or doubled. So we prepare the experiment in our lab, collecting some preliminary data, for example, in order to be very focused at the synchrotron and to have a screen across the biopsies so to carry the most important ones. Actually, in the last experiment we have done, we mounted 100 samples. Yes, 76 for the second part of the diabetes projects and 25 for another project that we are running on the glioblastoma now. But what I wanted to say that in our lab, where we have a tabletop machine, there is access, free access for whatever wants to come in collaboration for a specific experiment, which I really advise because it's very important to go very well prepared to a synchrotron experiment, not only to waste time, which is the time of everybody. So it's not my time or your time, common time. And, but also for another reason that today we know that open access publications are very much encouraged. And if you really want to publish a good paper, it's fundamental that you prepare in a very good way to experiment. So all the time you spend the time at home to really get into the problem is a well good time. Yeah, definitely help you to get such a great final results that you show us today. On this, on the sample thing what you said, I'm just curious to know how do you, what is your control sample when you have the 76 different samples or subjects or 26 different samples or subjects. How do you choose your control sample or what is your control measurement depends on the on the problem you have, for example, on glucose tissue, let's say, we have several controls without glucose or we repeat more than once the same sample, we cut more, we repeat, or we explore a larger area. So remember that the area that we explore can be several millimeters square, such as small beam, you have really 80,000 frames already in one microscopy, you will have an abundant information, very large. So you may have the opposite problem that the quantity of information is so called high throughput analysis. So you have really to deal with big machines, also for the computing. Yes, that's interesting. Another question I have is, so my background is in solid state materials. So, from your first case, where you show that if we have a different packing, or different stacking things, you can image them so if I have like a mesopotamia to where we have this ABC ABC kind of stacking. Can I image it through the cross section? Because I mean, I did TM, so I know that there is this different packing mostly on the surface is hexagonal, but on the cross section we want to see, is it possible?  This is the cornea. So the curvature is exactly in this plane. We place it as it is. We haven't, in that case, we haven't really, we didn't want more than we haven't. We took the decision to put it like it is even wet. Because the purpose was that not artificially modified in any way the cornea itself by cutting and preparing it. But we could have done cutting along the other direction and mounting different slices of the cornea. This was possible. So yeah, so the cross section is possible to see. Thank you. There's also a good point, I mean, that it's possible to investigate the sample as they are without artificially induced order.