Good evening aspirants, I welcome you all to the Hindu Daily News Analysis brought to you by Shankar IA's Academy for the newspaper dated 21st of June 2023. Displayed here is a list of articles that we will take up for discussion today. Go through it. Now we will start with the first article discussion. See this article from the science page is about the blue ocean event. The article focuses on the difficulty in predicting the blue ocean events using traditional climate models. It has also become more difficult to predict the possible effects of blue ocean events. This is the overall essence of the article. In this context, let us see the important points mentioned in this article in detail. Before that, the syllabus regarding this discussion is highlighted here for your reference. Now, let us start by first understanding what is a blue ocean event. The term blue ocean event refers to the hypothetical event where the Arctic Ocean experiences a complete absence of sea ice during the summer months. Now, look at this graph. The volume of sea ice in the Arctic region varies with season. The volume of sea ice in Arctic becomes minimum around September each year. If you notice the graph, you can conclude that the overall volume of sea ice is declining with each passing year. Over the past 40 years, this multi-year sea ice has shrunk from around 7 million square kilometres to 4 million square kilometres. Now, you will be wondering what is this multi-year sea ice? It is nothing but the ice which remains at the end of each summer. This multi-year sea ice is thicker than the other seasonal ice and it plays an important role in compacting climate change. Now, imagine you have a bowl of ice cream on a hot summer day. As the ice cream melts, it releases coldness into the surrounding air making it cooler. Now, let us say there is a scoop of ice cream that remains solid even after the other ice creams have melted. That scoop acts like a multi-year sea ice. It is thicker and takes longer to melt. As a result, it continues to release coldness and therefore it helps to maintain a cool environment for a long time. This is similar to how multi-year sea ice by acting as a barrier prevents excessive heat transfer between ocean and atmosphere thus stabilizing the climate. Due to its thickness, the multi-year sea ice acts as a barrier to transfer of both moisture and heat between the ocean and atmosphere thus preventing the positive feedback loop. We will see in detail about the positive feedback loop at the later part of the discussion. But now we will move forward. See, this climatically significant multi-year sea ice is on the decline. And when the area of multi-year sea ice falls below 1 million square kilometer, then blue ocean event is said to have occurred. During the blue ocean event, the Arctic will appear blue instead of its characteristic white color due to the lack of ice. This is all about the blue ocean event and multi-year ice. Moving forward, we will see why predicting the blue ocean event is a difficult task. The Arctic region has been experiencing a significant decline in sea ice both in terms of spread and thickness over the past few decades due to rising global temperatures. As greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, it further contributes to the warming of planet which in turn accelerates the melting of Arctic sea ice. The IPCC report published in 2021 predicted that the blue ocean event will happen in the middle of the century, that is around 2050. But a recent study which was published in the magazine Nature Communication, it is mentioned that the next event will happen by 2030. This can happen even if we take our best measures to control climate change. But why such variations between the two predictions? And now, why is it even difficult to predict? This is because the decline of Arctic ice is difficult to model as it is influenced by different factors like atmospheric circulation, oceanic circulation and the flow of heat between the two circulations. So, even with the best supercomputer and a decent climate model, it is difficult to accurately predict the extent or the spread of sea ice. Finally, let us see the importance of Arctic ice. First is the role of Arctic ice climate regulation. The Arctic ice acts as a natural reflector known as the Albedo effect. So, it reflects a significant portion of the incoming solar radiation back into the space, thus helping to regulate global temperatures. The presence of ice helps to cool the planet by reducing the amount of solar energy observed by the Earth's surface. So, as the ice melts and reduces in extent, more solar radiation is observed and this contributes to further warming through a positive feedback loop. A positive feedback loop is a self-reinforcing cycle where the initial change leads to additional change that further amplifies the original change. As the global temperature rises, Arctic sea ice melts at an accelerated rate. This reduction in ice coverage exposes the larger area of dark open water. Open water has a lower Albedo or lower reflectivity compared to ice. Therefore, as the ice melts and exposes more water, a positive feedback loop begins. The darker water absorbs more sunlight instead of reflecting it back into space. This leads to increased heating of the Arctic region. The increased absorption of sunlight by the open water causes the Arctic region to warm further. This warming not only accelerates the initial melting of sea ice but also has broader impacts on the global ecosystem. For example, acyl redded melting of Arctic ice leads to faster melting of ice sheets of Greenland. This leads to rising sea levels. So, only by preventing the Arctic ice melt, we can prevent the global climate catastrophe. Second is the role of Arctic ice in global ocean circulation. See, the Arctic ice plays an important role in driving global ocean circulation patterns. The cold, dense water produced from sea ice formation sinks to the ocean depths and this initiates a process known as thermohaline circulation or the ocean conveyor belt. This circulation basically helps to distribute heat and nutrition throughout the world's ocean.  When the Arctic sea ice melts, the temperature at the North Pole will not be cold enough to make ocean waters sink. Thus, it affects the ocean conveyor belt and the redistribution of heat in the ocean. This affects the biological activity in the ocean and it also affects the atmospheric circulation. This is because as the ocean circulation and the atmospheric circulation are intrinsically linked. Lastly, the Arctic ice provides a critical habitat for numerous species including polar bears, seals, walruses and various marine mammals. These species rely on the ice for hunting, breeding, resting and as platforms for accessing food sources. The presence of ice also supports a diverse ecosystem of algae, plankton, fish and it forms the base of the Arctic food web. So, when the Arctic ice disappears, the entire food web of the North Pole will be affected. So, these are some of the significance of Arctic sea ice. This is all regarding this discussion. In this discussion, we saw some points about the blue ocean event, multi-year sea ice and we also saw that there is a difficulty in predicting the blue ocean event. And finally, we saw about the significance of Arctic sea ice. With the long points in mind, now we will move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this news article. Recently, the drug controller general of India has approved the Jim Kovac OM vaccine. See, Jim Kovac OM is the India's first indigenous mRNA vaccine for the Omicron variant of the novel coronavirus. The vaccine was approved under emergency use guidelines. Note that the vaccine was developed by Pune-based Genoa Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. As per the news, the vaccine is likely to be launched and rolled out within the next two to three weeks. So, this is all about the news. Now, in this context, let us understand about mRNA vaccines and we will also see how it works. First of all, what is a vaccine? See, vaccines are a substance that helps us to protect against certain diseases. Vaccines help us to prevent infections by preparing the body to fight foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses or other pathogens. Once the vaccine is administered into our body, it imitates an infection. This is because the vaccines introduce a harmless piece of a particular bacteria or virus into the body. So, by imitating an infection, it will teach our immune system to fight off against future infection. Sometimes after getting a vaccine, the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms such as fever, headache and so on. Such minor symptoms are normal and it is a sign that our body is building immunity. Now, with this basics, let us understand about mRNA vaccine. See, we have various types of vaccines like live-attinated vaccines, inactivated vaccines and viral vector vaccines. These types of vaccines contain a weakened or dead virus or bacteria. Beyond such types, the scientists have also developed a new type of vaccine called mRNA vaccine or messenger RNA vaccine. The mRNA vaccines contain a molecule called messenger RNA. See, the messenger RNA is a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production in the body. Once cells finish making a protein, they quickly break down the mRNA. So, the mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell and it does not alter the DNA. Now, coming back to the mRNA vaccine. As we saw earlier, the mRNA vaccines contain messenger RNA. So, once the mRNA vaccine is administered into our body, it produces a piece of mRNA that corresponds to a viral protein. By using this mRNA, the cells in our body can produce the viral protein. Now, how does this happen? Once the viral protein is produced in our body as part of a normal immune response, the immune system recognizes that the protein is foreign. So, it produces specialized proteins called antibodies. Once the antibodies are produced, they remain in the body even after the body has got itself rid of the pathogen. So, if the person gets exposed to the virus, then the immune system will quickly respond to the infection and it destroys the virus before it causes any serious illness. So, this is how mRNA vaccines actually work. I'll try to explain you this in a very simple way. See, mRNA is like a little instruction manual that tells our cells how to make proteins. In vaccines, scientists use a small piece of mRNA that contains instruction for making a specific protein from a virus. When we get a vaccine, the mRNA is injected into our body. Our cells read the instruction and start making the viral protein. This is important because our immune system recognizes the viral protein as something foreign and it starts to fight it. It also learns how to recognize and destroy that specific virus. So, if we ever come in contact with the actual virus, our immune system is already prepared to fight it off. So, it will keep us healthy. Also, as we earlier saw, once the cells produce protein with the help of mRNA, the cells then break down the mRNA. So, mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell and it does not alter the DNA. Because of this advantage, the individuals who get an mRNA vaccine are not exposed to the virus and they cannot be infected with the virus. So, this is all that I wanted to discuss regarding this news article. With the learned points in mind, now we will move on to the next article discussion. Now, take a look at this opinion page article. It is written by a former defense secretary. So, here we have valuable insights about setting up of semiconductor fabrication plans in India. Let us now understand some important points mentioned in this article. Before that, the syllabus relevant to this discussion is highlighted here. You can go through it. Now, first let us have a basic understanding about semiconductors and the required conditions for setting up of semiconductor fabrication plan. So, what is a semiconductor? As we all know, based on the conductivity of solids, solids can be classified into three major types. Firstly, there are metals which possess very low resistivity that is high conductivity. The exact opposite to metals is insulators. They have high resistivity that is low conductivity. The middle one which has resistivity or conductivity intermediate to the metals and insulators is called semiconductors. See metals conduct electron, right? So, it would be hard to switch them off. And similarly, insulators do not conduct electrons at all. So, turning them on would be equally difficult. Semiconductor materials have properties that are just right in the middle. Due to this unique property, they serve as the heart and brain of all modern electronics and information and communication technology products. Know that semiconductors can be further classified into two types. Intrinsic semiconductors and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors are pure semiconductors made of silicon or germanium. Whereas extrinsic semiconductors have high electric conductivity than intrinsic due to the impurities mixed in them through the process of doping. Its examples include gallium, arsenide or silicon carbide. A single crystal of either of the types of semiconductors forms the basis of about all semiconductor devices. Having this basic understanding, let us quickly see the conditions required for the setting up of semiconductor fabrication plant. See, to set up any business, we require four factors of production. These are land, labour, entrepreneurship and capital. Specifically talking, the establishment of semiconductor fabs require robust infrastructure including reliable power supply, water resources, transportation networks and waste management systems. The process involved in manufacturing of semiconductors is displayed here. You can pause the video and go through it. See, currently India imports all ships and the market is estimated to touch $100 billion by 2025 from $24 billion now. Even though India made serious attempts since 2007 to establish a semiconductor fabrication plant, it could not succeed in its mission. Here the author asks India to learn from China. See, China started late in the semiconductor fabrication industry. But it was backed by massive financial support from the government for over the past two decades. Its strategy is very simple. See, we all know semiconductor fabrication represents the limits of human technological advancement. This limit further expands in accordance to Moore's law. Moore's law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years. In simple words, we can expect the speed and capability of our computers to increase every two years. But this progress is accompanied with higher complexity and costs. As a result, the industry has seen a decline in the number of participants. Now, what China did is it just acquired hundreds of loss-making fabs from around the world and it built its own fabrication industry.  And China became one of the major producers of chip at par with US due to its market supremacy in rare earth materials. According to the author, India should learn this lesson from China. While India's strategy was to set up a new logic fabrication, China's strategy was to acquire loss-making fabs and then set up its own logic fabrication units. See, acquiring existing fabs also has many advantages. For example, they are reasonably priced. They have stabilized technology, a supply chain ecosystem, an established product line and market. They will also enable India to build the fabrication ecosystem and train human resources. Apart from this, much lower subsidies would be required and the funds saved could be used for advanced R&D in fabrication technologies. This will help build state-of-art fabrication units in next few years. Another strategy could be setting up assembly testing, packing and markings. So this is all that I wanted to discuss regarding this news article. With the learned points in mind, now we will move on to the next article discussion. Look at this article. Have you ever wondered why the sunflower always faces the sun? The article here addressed this question. But before we see about the points provided in this article, we must first cover some basics. See, like us humans, plants also have hormones. Plant hormones are naturally occurring chemical substances produced within plants that regulate various physiological processes. These hormones play crucial roles in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli. See, there are five important plant hormones. Now let's see them one by one. First one is oxen. See, oxen controls cell elongation and it helps roots to grow. They guide the direction of plant growth and how plants respond to light and gravity. Oxen are also important for making new plants from stem cuttings and it can even make fruits without seeds. Now let's move on to another hormone, gibberlin. See, gibberlins make plant stems longer, help seeds to sprout and it even makes flowers to bloom. They also break seed dormancy and help leaves stems and fruits to grow. Next in line we have cytokines. See, cytokines basically help in cell division and makes shoots and roots grow. They stop leaves from getting old and help plants get nutrients. Cytokines and oxen work together to control plant growth. Now let's talk about abscessic acid. See, abscessic acid helps plants deal with tough conditions like drought, cold and salt. It helps plants save water by closing tiny openings called stomata. Abscessic acid also helps seeds stay asleep until the time is right for them to sprout. Finally we have ethylene. Ethylene is all about fruits. It helps the fruits to ripen and makes roots and root heads to grow. This is to take in more water and nutrients. Having done with the basics about plant hormones, now let us come back to the question, why do sunflowers always face the sun? See, this is because sunflower produces more oxen, a plant hormone on the side that gets less sunlight, which is the darker side. The extra oxen on the darker side makes the site grows faster than the side that gets more sunlight. Because of this difference in growth rates, the stem of the sunflower bends or curves towards the sun. Sunflowers do this because they need sunlight for photosynthesis. So by turning towards the sun, the sunflowers make sure they are getting the most sunlight possible for their growth and survival. To put it simply, the answer lies in phototrophism. See, trophism refers to the growth or movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. So, when the stimulus is light, then it is called phototrophism. So basically, phototrophism is a phenomenon in which plants exhibit growth or movement in response to light. For example, if a plant is placed near a window or it receives sunlight from one side, it will gradually bend or curve towards that side to maximize its exposure to the light. This allows the plants leaves or stems to receive more light, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis. So this is what happens with sunflowers as well. Now with the learned points in mind, now we will move on to the next article discussion. See, this text and context article is about the lawsuit which is filed against the Delta Airlines company. In this context, let us learn about the background of the issue. Then we will see about carbon offsetting, then greenwashing and some important points given in this article. But before getting into our discussion, the syllabus relevant to this article is given here for your reference taken out of it. First, let us look at the Delta Airlines lawsuit. See, Delta Airlines company announced itself as the world's first carbon neutral airline in 2020. Carbon neutral means the amount of carbon captured or sequestered will be equal to the amount of carbon emitted. Delta Airlines claim that they have invested in technology and creating forests to neutralize the amount of carbon they emit during every flight. Now, a lawsuit was filed against the airlines and this questions the authenticity of its carbon neutral claim. The lawsuit accuses that Delta Airlines is misleading its customers with its sustainability pledges. The Delta Airlines promises its customer that it will offset the carbon emitted on the flight. See, Delta Airlines relies on carbon offsetting to fulfill its sustainability pledge. The carbon offset refers to the process of reducing the carbon emission or increasing the carbon storage through land restoration or planting of trees to compensate the carbon emission that occur elsewhere. Carbon offsetting activities by Delta Airlines includes planting trees, shifting to cleaner fuel and funding carbon techniques to compensate the carbon emitted by their flights. See, a round-trip flight from Mumbai to Los Angeles creates about 4.8 tons of carbon dioxide. Delta Airlines says that they will observe the carbon emitted by this flight through trees that they support. But for this, they ask customers to pay extra. But when we look at Delta's carbon offset portfolio, we see a different picture. It means their efforts to offset carbon emissions may not be as effective as they claim. According to Bloomberg investigation report, the Delta Airlines have 50% of their carbon offset portfolio in renewable energy, that is, wind and solar projects in India. Delta's latest report had revealed that its carbon dioxide emission in 2020 is almost 7 times both one-hours carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry in 2021. The lawsuit was filed based on the loop holes in the carbon offsetting process of Delta Airlines. These loop holes include inaccurate accounting of the projects relying on impermanent solutions like building a forest because building a forest does not always yield result because these forests could be destroyed by natural hazards like forest fire or cyclones etc. Again, a 2022 Bloomberg investigation has revealed that reductions from lost caucus to wind-formed projects in the Dominican Republic would have happened even without the involvement of Delta. But the Delta Airlines had denied all these claims. Now we will see about the Netherland-based KLM airline case. This case is somewhat similar to the Delta airline case. In April month of this year, a greenwashing case was filed against the KLM airline. Greenwashing refers to a situation where a company or an organization makes a claim that they are doing good to environment but in reality, they do not. In simpler terms, greenwashing refers to fake promise or claims by the companies or organizations for making our environment better. The advertisements of KLM had claimed that flying with them does not directly affect the environment. These ads mislead consumers in the name of sustainable initiatives which is a violation as per the consumer laws of Europe. Hence, a lawsuit was filed against it. Then, a Greenpeace report of 2022 had revealed that 7 of the biggest European airlines are committing high levels of greenwashing. Another study which looked upon the carbon offset claims of 37 airlines found that about 44% of these airlines have mislead their customers and got profits. Now, we will analyze the issues in carbon offset market. See, the first issue is that the reforestation that is growing trees or making forests as a climate adoption program is found to be very ineffective and misleading. They fail to sequester the carbon itself or the figures about carbon sequestration is changed often or it is inflated. The second issue is the moral concern of greenwashing. Big polluters use fossil fuels and uses cheaper routes like offsets to cut down the emissions. But the middle and low-income countries are the ones who are affected because of the climate realities. Then, the offset programs will be fruitful only if they reduce or remove the carbon which would not have been eliminated. But in reality, many companies are investing on projects that would have been built anyway which amounts to substantial misallocation of resources. So, now what is the way forward? See, the airlines should focus on decarbonizing the aviation sector by adopting technologies like sustainable aviation fuel, hydrogen and full electric propulsion techniques. We should also keep in mind that the air traffic will shoot up soon but the process of developing decarbonizing technology may take some time. This is all that I wanted to discuss regarding this news article. Now, we will take up the next article for a discussion. Now, take a look at this news article. The news is that a team of experts from the Union Health Ministry will visit the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The experts are going to support such states in public health responses to heat-related illnesses. This is about the news. In this discussion, we will learn about heat waves and its impacts. First, let's start with heat waves. See, a heat wave is a condition of high abnormal air temperature. To put it simply, during a heat wave, the air temperature is more than the normal maximum temperature. The heat wave usually occurs when the temperature is very hot and prolonged compared to the normal days expected temperature. Now, coming to India-specific information. During the summer season, the north-western parts of India are more vulnerable to heat waves. The heat waves typically occur between March and June and in some rare cases, it even extends till July. See, the extreme temperatures and resultant atmospheric conditions in the north-western parts of India are adversely affecting the people. This is because the heat waves cause physiological stress and health impacts to the people. Sometimes it can even result in death. Now, we will look at the criteria to declare a heat wave. See, the Indian Meteorological Organization has provided some criteria to declare a heat wave. According to the Indian Meteorological Organization, a heat wave is declared based on three criteria. First, when the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40 degree Celsius or more for planes. Second, when the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 37 degree Celsius or more for coastal region. And third, when the maximum temperature reaches at least 30 degree Celsius or more for hilly regions. So, based on these three criteria, a heat wave is declared in different landscapes. Now, moving on to see about the impacts of heat waves. Firstly, the heat waves cause serious health issues like dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and so on. These types of health issues affect our financial resources. See, to get rid of heat-related health complications, we need to spend more money on hospital expenses. So, it basically puts a burden on our finances. Secondly, the heat waves adversely affect the agricultural sector. This is because heat waves affect the irrigation systems, crop fields and soil moisture. Thirdly, the heat waves are associated with high energy consumption. See, during heat waves, to keep ourselves cool, we need some extra electricity to operate air coolers or air conditioners. So, this leads to high energy consumption and even results in power deficiency. These are all some of the impacts of heat waves. Now, what can be done? Wherever you go outside during summer, always carry a water bottle with you and stay hydrated. Then, try to plant trees in your garden side or in barren lands. This small contribution from you will lead to a big change. That's all. With the learnt points in mind, now we will move on to the next article discussion. Look at this news article here. As we all know, currently, violence is going on between the Maitai and Kuki people in Manipur. Because of this violence, the highways in Manipur were blocked by both the armed cadres of Kuki and Maitai. It threatens the free movement of people and it also affects the transport of essential supplies to people across the state. Recently, some messages have circulated that the Maitai insurgent groups were planning to damage the bridge on national highways 102B in South Manipur. This bridge connects Manipur with the neighboring Mysore. So, due to this threatening message, the Assam Rifles have moved additional troops to secure the bridge on a national highway. This is all about the news. In this context, let us learn quickly about Assam Rifles. Assam Rifles is an Indian paramilitary force and it is one of the central armed Polish forces of India. Note that the Assam Rifles is the oldest paramilitary force in India. The Assam Rifles is currently administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs under the Government of India. The Assam Rifles is responsible for various roles in Northeast like border security, counter insurgency and maintenance of law and order. The main goal of Assam Rifles is to guard the Indo-Myanmar border. Despite being a central Polish force, the operational control of Assam Rifles is maintained by the Indian Army. Around 80% of the officers of Assam Rifles come from the Army and the remaining officers come from the Assam Rifles cadre itself. Note that the Assam Rifles is commanded by the Director General of the Assam Rifles who is of the rank of Lieutenant General of the Army. And the Director General of Assam Rifles is appointed by the Ministry of Home Affairs. So this is all about Assam Rifles. Now let us look into the history of Assam Rifles very briefly. See the Assam Rifles was established in 1835. It was established as a militia called as the Kachar Levy. Here the term militia refers to an organization that operates like an army but the members are not professional soldiers like in a regular army. See the force was formed in 1835. This was formed primarily to protect British tea estates and their settlements against tribal rights. Subsequently all the unorganized forces were reorganized and named as Frontier Force. This force significantly contributed in opening the Northeast region to administration and commerce. During World War I the British had sent over 3000 men of the Frontier Force to Europe and the Middle East to provide support to the British Army. The men of the Frontier Force had shown a great valour in the war. So in 1917 to recognize their work during the Great War the British had changed the name of the Frontier Force into Assam Rifles. This is how the Assam Rifles came into being. Then in post independence also the Assam Rifles played a significant role during the Sino-India War in 1962. It also performed various peacekeeping roles in the northeastern area of India during tribal unrest and insurgency. Today the Assam Rifles remained deployed in some of the most remote and underdeveloped areas in the northeastern states. The force continuously provides security to the local people. Through its long deployment in the tribal belt the Assam Rifles has earned the complete confidence of the locals. The humane, just and ever helpful approach of the men of the Assam Rifles has truly managed to win the hearts and minds of the Northeast people. So the members of Assam Rifles are fondly called friends of the Northeast people. This is all that I wanted to discuss regarding this news article. With a lot of points in mind now we will move on to the next article discussion. See this data point article discusses about the growth of UPI transactions in terms of both value and volume. Here value refers to the amount and volume refers to the number of transactions. Data reveals that the UPI transactions had increased rapidly in recent years. Firstly we will look at some basic information about the UPI. So UPI stands for Unified Payment Interface. UPI payments were introduced in India as a pilot program with 21 member banks on 11th of April 2016. Next we will look at the daily limits on UPI transactions. See the National Payments Corporation of India in 2021 had set the limit. The users can make up to 20 transactions a day and amount of up to rupees 1 lakh per day. But take a note that every banks and apps have their own limits. For example in ICICI bank the number of UPI transactions per day is limited to 10. But the Bank of Baroda and HDFC allows 20 transactions per day. Here 5 charts are given in this data point. Chart 1 shows the monthly volume of UPI transactions. In May 2018 190 million UPI payments were made. But in May 2023 9,415 million UPI payments were made. This is around 4,855% increase. Chart 2 shows the share of various instruments like UPI NIFT, IMPS and credit cards in volume of retail payments in India. In 2017-18 the share of UPI payments was just 5.9%. But in 2022-23 its share has increased to about 73%. One interesting fact is that the increase in UPI transactions was mostly in terms of volume and not in terms of value. The value of UPI transactions in 2018 was rupees 33,288 crores which amounts to rupees 1756 per transaction. But the figure of May 2023 was 14,89,145 crores which amounts to rupees 1581 per transaction. The value per transaction has fallen by rupees 175 in 5 years. Next we will look at the data given in chart 3. Chart 3 tells that in 2017-18 the share of UPI in total value of retail payment was just 0.4%. But it went on to hit 21.1% in 2022-23. Then chart 4 and 5 shows the volume of UPI apps and remitter banks. PhonePay holds the first position followed by Gpay and Payton. When it comes to remitter banks, SBI holds the first position followed by HDFC. So these are the important points from this data point article. With this we have come to the end of this discussion. Now we will move to the next part that is practice questions. Today we have 5 questions. 4 questions will be discussed by me and 1 will be the quiz question for the day. Question number 1. Consider the following statements. Statement number 1. A person who gets mRNA vaccine cannot be exposed or infected with a virus component present in the vaccine. Statement number 2. The messenger RNA or mRNA which is necessary for protein production gets quickly break down by the cells after it finishes making a protein. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? So here we have 2 statements. We have to find whether both the statements are correct or not. Also we have to check whether the second statement is the correct explanation of the first statement or not. Here statement number 1 and 2 both are correct. We have to find if the statement number 2 explains statement number 1. Now there is a trick. This is what we call the because trick. See at the end of statement 1 we will now add the word because and then we will continue to read the second statement. If this makes logical sense probably the statement 2 is the correct explanation for the statement 1. Now I will read. See a person who gets mRNA vaccine cannot be exposed or infected with the virus component present in the vaccine. Because the messenger RNA or mRNA which is necessary for protein production gets quickly break down by the cells after it finishes making a protein. This makes perfect sense. Also there is one more trick which you can try. Try adding the word so at the end of statement 2 and continue to read the first statement. We will try this as well. The messenger RNA or mRNA which is necessary for protein production gets quickly break down by the cells after it finishes making a protein. So a person who gets mRNA vaccine cannot be exposed or infected with the virus component present in the vaccine. This also makes perfect sense. As we saw in the discussion once the cells produce protein with the help of mRNA the cells break down the mRNA. So the mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell and it does not alter the DNA. Because of this advantage the individuals who get an mRNA vaccine are not exposed to the virus and they cannot be infected with the virus component present in the vaccine. So the correct answer here is option A both statement 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation for statement 1. Moving on to question number 2. Consider the following statements regarding National Payments Corporation of India. Statement number 1 it is an initiative of Reserve Bank of India and Indian Banks Association. Statement number 2 it is a not-for-profit company. Statement number 3 it provides infrastructure to banking system for physical as well as electronic payment systems. How many of the above statements are correct? See here statement number 1 is correct. NPCI is the initiative of RBI and the Indian Banks Association under the provisions of the Payment and Settlements Act of 2007. Statement number 2 is also correct. NPCI is a not-for-profit company registered under the provisions of section 25 of Companies Act 1956. Also statement 3 is correct here. So the correct answer for this question is option C all 3. Question number 3. Consider the following. Reduced crop yield, high energy consumption, reduction in soil moisture, dehydration in humans. How many of the above points is there are the potential impacts of heat waves? Here all the points are the potential impacts of heat waves. So the correct answer for this question is option D all 4. Question number 4. Consider the following statements with respect to Assam Rifles. Statement number 1. It is the oldest paramilitary force of India. Statement number 2. It is administered by the Ministry of Defence and the Government of India. Statement number 3. The operational control of the Assam Rifles is vested with the Indian Army. Statement number 4. It was established only after the Indian independence. Here statement number 1 is correct. We saw this in the discussion. Then statement number 2 is incorrect. The Assam Rifles is the only paramilitary force in India with a dual control structure. The administrative control of the force is with the Ministry of Home Affairs. Whereas the operational control is with the Indian Army which is under the Ministry of Defence. So here statement 3 is correct. Then statement 4 is incorrect. The Assam Rifles was established in 1835 itself as a Militia called Kachar Live. So only statement 1 and 3 are correct. So the correct answer for this question is option B only 2. Question number 5. This is the quiz question for the day. Based on the discussion we had today, you will be able to answer this question. Read the question carefully and post your answers in the comment box. Displayed here are the main questions for your practice. Interest aspirants can write the answer and post it in the comment box below. If you have found a video to be useful, hit the like button. 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So now let's do a practical application of working with functions inside of Excel and the one I'm gonna focus in on is designing out a monthly payment calculator for a loan. I Know super super interesting, but if you're like most adults You have loans and you need to figure out how to pay them And you need to probably figure out how long you're going to be paving them And you maybe you don't want to pay loans get out of debt Or you're like me and you Just bought a car. So now I have the luxury of trying to figure out, you know, how many Payments or what kind of monthly payments I can afford if I want to try and pay it off in say four years Well, I did get lucky. I got 2.39 Percent as my annual interest rate. So that's pretty nice How many payments do I plan on making a year? Well, there are 12 months in a year So I'm gonna say I'm gonna be making 12 payments in a year. You know, that's when I get paid might as well be doing that, right? Now this is where things get a little funky. Don't worry about that rate thing just yet But I'm saying what's my interest rate per period? Why what does that matter? It's because I just said I'm gonna make 12 payments per year So I have 12 payment periods per year. So what I'm asking is what is the interest rate per payment period? Now, how do I figure that out? Well, luckily, I start with the equal sign again in Excel This is telling Excel everything after this equal sign is a mathematical equation I need you to evaluate it out first and again, it would be B1 my annual interest rate divided by my B2 my payments per period and as soon as I hit enter I get this really ugly looking number But luckily, I know how to solve that if I select that number I have this numbers section that I can work off of and if I click on that Little percent symbol right there that turns it into a percent now I wish that I magically just now had zero percent interest every Month, but that's not really the reality of it. I only I have no decimal places being displayed here So what I have to do is again just like I did I clicked on the percent symbol I have the increased decimal symbol and if I click on this three times one Two three you see that we get zero point one at nine nine percent being applied So we keep on going How many years do I plan on paying this off or how many years do I hopefully? Want to be paying this off before it's done. I said I want to pay it off in four years So now I'm saying, okay Well, how many payments am I making how many total payment periods am I making again? I have 12 payments per year. I have four years that I want to be doing this I'm gonna instead of just doing 48. Yeah, I know that's a good number, but instead I'm gonna say all right Well instead I'm gonna go with B2 times B4 That way if I want to ever change this I can Now loan amount again, this is now how much did I finance for my car? Well, I Actually got $12,000 financed I know at 2.39% amazing But again if I want to jazz this up and I want to style this up if I select that again I have the dollar sign my account number formatting And I can do that Now monthly payment PMT. This is where we start to get into okay How would I even know to use these types of? Functions, you know, how would I know that there's a loan payment calculator function inside of Microsoft Excel? One is if I click on the formulas tab You notice that we have a function library that lets me do all of these different possible ones again Though they're not gonna be very beneficial if I don't know what they all do What I can do however is I can click on this insert function button and that actually gives me a dialog box menu that allows me to look for something now It's already up here But if I don't know what I'm doing and I need to just kind of wing it say for example, I I would really like to Know the function for calculating out the square root I type out square root and I hit enter guess what the first thing that pops up s q Rt is a function for calculating out the square root It's pretty nice, but again, I'm dealing with a loan payment Again super interesting soon as I hit enter notice the first option at PMT That's exactly what we're working with right here because context clues you can already guess But if I hit okay, I get a new dialog box that pops up I'm gonna just move it down here for a second so we can see and Rate in per PV guess what we happen to have those readily available to us Those are the things that we actually were referring to when we calculated out our annual interest rate or our interest rate per period Our total number of payments and our loan value. So the first one is I'm simply going to say inside of rate B3 B3 notice what it appears right beside there. I get a little sneak preview of what this is going to do in Per in per again. That's my 48 Which is in B5 Now present value present value notice. It's the only it's the last bolded number meaning. It's the last required parameter inside of my function after that I can just hit enter and I'm done But present value if I say again, it wasn't it was B6 I already get a little sneak preview of what these answers are You can see there's a little number there, but just to talk about them FV for example FV is a future value Say for example instead of this being a loan payment. It's a savings. I want to say that in four years time I want How many payments do I need to be making at 2.39% interest to make my balance? $15,000. I got to be paying $5,000. That's a lot But that's what future value does now type type actually is now saying when will my interest be applied Do I make my payment at the beginning of the year or the beginning of the month? You know March 1st, or do I make my payment at the end of the month March 31st? Again, we don't need to worry about those. We just need to go ahead and hit okay And what we're going to see is we're going to see a mathematical equation. We're gonna see the parentheses 262 and that is my kind of little accounting way of Showing I'm at a deficit now again I can format that to anything I want if I want to just change it to accounting style I can again the parentheses are to indicate.  Well, guess what you're probably gonna get something really low like maybe 0.9% interest and Guess what happens now? You're probably also not making $12,000 if you're doing like a the Alantra, you're probably spending more about $20,000 so suddenly guess what I can now see I can pay off a new brand spanking 2015 Hyundai Alantra or Toyota Camry or Prius or whatever By doing this mathematical equation


There's some this is the build OGM call for Tuesday, October 26, 2021 High level there's something about when When somebody when I'm in the flow that I can explain my thoughts better So when I'm in a hangout with somebody, right? Oh, yeah That makes total sense to me Yeah, so anyway, so I'm looking at least to start with for those like to support people that think you know I would like to help frame a lecture around and Specifically it would be starting with what I said about the medical industry using that hysteria example Because that's what I didn't get a chance to share with you and I wish I had a share screen better It's relatively simple to do you want me to talk you through it? I know how to share screen But what happens is when I share screen I no longer see you Um You can also change the gala Let me exit people you should be able to still see me because I get thumbnail so everybody who's still in the room Okay, so I keep right now.  I think this is where I put the hysteria notes. No here's where I put my hysteria notes Okay, so I can't see you but I just threw these notes here so I could go back But get this the symptoms of hysteria a fondness of writing Can you see my screen? Oh, I didn't can you see my screen? You're not sharing yet. Oh, I didn't share you actually click the share button. Let me see if I can find you Because I've got to find the share button. Okay share screen Yeah, there we go. Boom Okay, yeah, I should still be there in a little thumbnail. Yes, I yes you are so I just and again It was even difficult for me to figure out. How do I get this written stuff over to this page? So I have it later because the way I used to work is I I would go to the library. I'd have all my books. I'd make photocopies of everything I'd highlight everything in my head. I knew where everything was right on The computer I can't I can't do that because I don't work. I need to physically, you know I'm a post-it notes kind of person, but anyway, so here's this thing. So look at this a fondness of writing is one of the symptoms What was so so Hippocrates and Plato spoke of the womb which they said tended to wander around the female body Causing an array of physical and mental conditions. So my thought was Because we have this whole fragility thing and this, you know This whole idea of people can't take criticism. Well, Plato and Hippocrates. I don't I don't think they're gonna mind Maybe it will be acceptable if we instead of like mocking them Just gently point out Where people in the past may have been off Yeah, exactly now it doesn't say so here, but you do know that the Greek so Hysteria comes from East Edos, which is the uterus. So there's a direct connection to the you to the it's written here as the womb Which doesn't look like it's similar, but but but East Edos is the womb So hysteria used to be thought of as the womb Going crazy or something like that. So the word the word is directly connected to it Sure, but get this while Rowan noted that both men and women could contract hysteria women were according to him more pre-disposed to this ailment because of their lazy and irritable nature He was having a bad marriage So anyway, I'm gonna unshare the screen because I think you get hold on So you haven't you haven't titled this document yet So I'm seeing up on the upper left says untitled document Your life will be easier if you click on where it says untitled document and name it You know description of hysteria or something like that It replaced that just start typing. Yeah, well actually actually I actually I This for me this system of using the first line Works for me. Okay. That makes a messy makes for messy Google Drive, but that's just fine All right, I'll change it because again these are for me these are like the scraps that I was telling you about Yeah, yeah, and I'm fine, but I think when I do it. I'm gonna have to just write it by hand But your straps will be easier to find if they're titled and then when you go back and look at your Google Drive because I'm yeah Let me title it That's that's a fine title or you could just just go click on the title again And it should highlight the whole now just command a Will highlight the whole line Give me another command a I don't even know are you on Windows or Mac? I just I just backspace usually are you on Windows or a Mac you need sure windows windows Okay, so it's control. Yeah, I think whatever whatever the command key is hold down the command key and hit the a there You go see it highlighted the whole line. Okay, that that command a does all And you know about copy paste right command X Okay, so there's a lot more of those shortcuts No, I don't know what you said I do I do control C control V. Those are fine Do you know about control Z? Does that bring back stuff that you lost control Z is the undo key it stops it undoes the last thing you did and it keeps going Yeah, so control Z very very very important. So now give it a while you're in the field give it a new title Yeah, and then here return you're good. And now when you go to your Google Drive, you will find all your little nuggets with nice names Thank you, you're welcome Sounds great. So what's stopping you from just going ahead and starting doing something like this. Nothing stopping me just all came together. Yeah, I always have so many different things and now it just all came together the one topic that could pull in all the other things I want to be able to do One of the things I want to be able to do is work in a team. Right. That's what I like. You know, even even if it's paid company. That's how I work. Well, great. Makes sense. So So you could practice, you could sort of set that up and invite a couple of people and do a practice run anytime you feel like it. Well, that's why my first step, which is what I just did before I came here was To put it on truth. Yep. And at least there I'll have my private group where I could, you know, just invite them in Cool. And so it wanted you to log back in. Did you manage to make it stick on trove or what happened? I don't know because it was time to come to the call. Oh, that's funny. Okay, so you were just doing that. Yes. So anyway, Okay, listen to you now because I really appreciate it. Thanks. I was gonna sit and ask about the structure of the tiles in the mosaic, but that's a geekier part of what this project is. That was the part of Build OGM I was interested in right this minute.  And maybe maybe I can ask you What moving parts need to be made to work better in order to better build OGM, like what, what, what sort of stuff should I be paying more attention to? Because I'm I'm a little scattered. I'm busy trying. I've got two big projects that are happening right now to come to events basically. And they're just draining a whole bunch of time from from these weeks. One of them will be over this Sunday. So it'll be completely done. The other one's going to go on for another month, I think. And so I'm also trying to start the podcast, which November one is coming up very quickly. And I'd like to do like six episodes of a podcast in November, which I think means three episodes of a podcast and then three shadow episodes in which we're busy sort of mulling over what happened, weaving it better, asking questions, making connections, that kind of thing. And me, like, gave me good advice, which was like just just just do the simplest thing that could possibly work or get started. Go do it. So that's good. But I'm trying to figure out which other which other moving parts. For the podcast. Well, no, for how it fits into the rest of what we're doing, I think. I think that question. I'm wondering how many other people have that desire to do podcasts. And if there can be like some discussion around how, you know, how you can like help each other in the same way I'm talking about it's almost like that, you know, company kind of thing, like you're each doing your own thing. But so this is, again, this is kind of abstract where I'm pulling you from. I was, I'd been looking at job openings and something I just caught my eye. It was really interesting. It was a social media thing. And you needed to be able to work Facebook. Twitter and Instagram. That was their main thing. And I was thinking, it would be so great if they would just hire a team. And you had your Facebooks working just, you know, the person that really knows Facebook really well does that. And the person that really knows Twitter, you know, and then those people that really know Facebook, you know, they're like, I don't know, I don't know. And you had your Facebooks working just, you know, the person that really knows Facebook really well does that. And the person that really knows Twitter, you know, and then those three people they kind of work together, and they help each other to do even though they're doing their own thing. And that's what I'd like to see more of. That makes sense. So earlier, when we were first thinking about weaving the world and all that I was talking about correspondence and so forth. And I was also talking about how it would be great if there were multiple podcasts that were all feeding the big fungus kind of thing. So what you just described would would easily be either. Right. Yes, exactly. And I have to say, so the, okay, so I'll go back to what I was writing in trope because that caused me to have to, you know, had to tag certain things. Yep. So when I think of people that I go to for support, two main groups would come to mind. One obviously would be OGM. The other would be GCC. So, for example, Sam and I, we actually had a hangout which again helps me. There are a lot of different. I don't know that they're necessarily a podcast you call it what you know whatever it is some media artifact that I think he and I would have interest in and I really, I really wanted to bring him in. I want to ask you, are you friends with Doug Breitbart? I've we've met, yes. I've really wanted to invite him into one of these smaller calls that deals with media as a matter of fact, on a Sunday call, they got a little bit into technology which I turned off my screen and did what I needed to do. But I thought that it would have been it would have he would have fit right into like a free Jerry's brain call. I've not, I've not heard from him or talked to him in a really long time but he's a brain fan and he has a startup called Sembel and Sembel is the semantic web app. It's like, ooh, okay. That's funny. That's as well as I know him. That's one thing I didn't know about him. That's interesting. Let me let me open his LinkedIn profile because it could be the symbol came and went because that's what I've got in my brain. I've got Sembel to my brain in. Let me just click. I added Sembel to my brain in 2012 so the likelihood that it's still around is actually low. And see what it says co-founder of being in systems now. Yes, he's working. Yes, that I know. Yeah. Okay, and I don't know being in systems. I guess the point I'm trying to bet what so for me, those two groups encompass anyone I would ever go to for expertise for hell. I mean, and like I could imagine if Doug and Sam were doing something I could imagine that that would catalyze Sam and Pete to work together. Right. Like, and again, I'm just imagining I can't tell anybody who to work with or what to do. But will Pete gave me the term futurist and in many ways I am a futurist and I can imagine that it would work well. So I'm wondering if as you're doing weaving the world, we might want to as a commons project, bring in a second kind of parallel reporting, whatever it may be. You know, there's a few ideas like I know Alison Melissa is really interested in creating discussions and podcasts that focus on economic trauma and a whole economic system. And my last, I haven't spoken to her about if she had sent me something I had sent you to her back. What I said, for me, my part to plug in, I'm interested in that before. Before that series happens. I'm interested in taking out the word trauma. I mean taking out the word economic trauma. I'm not talking about trauma, but looking at it through the lens of get this. So looking at it through the looking at it, looking at capitalism, but instead of the currency being money that the currency is a tension. Now look at those same things using economic terms like cost benefit analysis. Because my hypothesis or contention or whatever is that the white males, they're not necessarily suffering from economic trauma they're suffering from a different kind of trauma. And if, and again I'm going to say you guys but if you guys can't, you know, so men that I spend time with usually have done inner work. So they recognize more than most men, however, like all of us, we still have further to go. So I'm interested in what I call like that more kindergarten or that beginners conversation about trauma. And I think that the attention economy is a good way to frame that. I personally think that for a lot of emotional reasons. I think that that might provide the separation necessary to be able to have productive conversations without too many triggers going off. So you know that there's been a book and there's a whole movement about the attention economy. I've heard the term but I've never, I only know how I've made sense of it in my own mind of what it could mean. Let me screen share for a second and show you. So here's the notion of the attention economy. Michael Goldhaber is kind of the one credited with. I think kind of putting this on the map. Where's the book. Oh, go back to articles about here's the book the attention economy, understanding the new currency business written by john back. Didn't realize that it wasn't cool. I thought it was Goldhaber who had written this article but not. Anyway, there's a six types of attention. Of course because it's a Harvard Business School kind of book it needs to have these kinds of things I guess I didn't put a put all the different six Oh here, a version or attraction captive or voluntary front of mind or back of mind that's the framework that they came up with. And I'll send you a link to this thought right here so you can wander around the attention economy stuff. Jerry. Yeah. So here's what's really most important to me and what I want to get to do people that are in technology recognize how they are I'm going to use this, how they are raping the public in the same way that we've raped the planet. That's what I'm trying to get at do they. I think the critics of the system are very clearly aware of that, the people who are embedded in the system and have created the system. Some of them are awakened are like, Oh, guess we got to do this because it makes us a lot of money. And some of them are oblivious to it. So correct. Now, now. So you see here, the new scarcity is attention yuck. I'm a critic of the attention economy thesis. Here's here's actually I think one of the fundamental papers. But for me, the attention economy says scarcity equals value your time is scarce. Therefore, we should all be competing for your time. And, and I just really have never liked, never liked that at all. Wow, this goes way back doesn't it. Let me just look 2000 so I added this thought in the year 2000, just 21 years ago, oh well. And you're looking at attention I think in a different way than what is normally meant in the attention economy, which is interesting. Yes, and, but that's exactly why I want to use that language. Well, what I'm saying is the language is entangled with all this stuff and with a slightly different meaning from what you're meaning. Maybe yes, maybe no because I know you don't like that it's saying that your time is scarce. But isn't that how most people feel. Yeah, except to me that's not the variable that matters. These people. So the fans of this model are saying that this is this is the major thing that matters and this is the thing we should kind of measure and try to worry about. And I'm like, you know, I have friends who I haven't seen in a decade if they showed up tomorrow that they're occupying none of my attention right now. If they showed up tomorrow and said Jerry I've got something urgent can you help me I would drop things and go help them immediately. They have all of my, they have all of my trust and zero of my attention right now. But you just said what you said it. It's all about trust bingo, which is why I talk about the design from trust the relationship economy and a bunch of other stuff in objection to the business economy and the attention economy. Okay, so those those those two models got really popular back in the 90s. 2000s, and I'm like, no, we don't want to turn late because the experience economy is pine and Gilmore and it's like, let's, you know, turn everything into Disney, and the attention economy is this other thing. Okay, so as in everything else I'm all about finding that one little thing that we could tweak that would make it good. Yeah, exactly. I've got to switch locations but sure, hold everything. And let me just hit the backgroundy thing. There we go. Tomorrow machine. There we go. Do you mind if we stop recording for a minute. Not at all. Or for forever. Let me settle back down. Okay. You just said so this should be. Hold on. Hold on one second I needed to help with lighting. Be right with you. Hang on.


In business, the Nigerian Orb Stream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory's Commission's monthly report shows that Nigeria lost a huge amount of revenue as a result of massive oil theft between January and August this year. Nigeria lost about 13.21 million barrels of crude oil, with an estimated worth of 603.64 between January and August this year, an analysis of the monthly reports of the countries crude oil and condensed production showed. Figures contained in the reports obtained from Nigeria's Orb Stream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission in Abuja on Sunday indicated that the country's oil production only increased in two months, but crashed in others. Total crude oil production without condensate in January, for instance, was 43.35 million barrels, but this dropped to 35.22 million barrels in February, indicating a loss of 8.13 million barrels.


Why 254? IMAGIN! 25th of February, 2019. Thank you for joining us on top of the hour tonight discussion. Mandi will be looking at the corruption and we want to see whether we will move from handshake to handcuffs. With me in studio is Daniel Orogo and Gunjeri Koryuki. Kadyuki will be telling us whether we are fighting this demon called corruption. We want to keep it Y-254 at Morani Hilari. Y-254 channel is the Twitter handle to use. Welcome to the program. We look at the stories making news highlights. My name is Dereva Hilari. Now following the recent proposed reforms by the president, DCI boss George Kenyuti has announced Richard for other directorates that have seen a number of senior officials move to different departments. He said that more movement would be seen in the course of the week across the board. In other news, the National Irrigation Board is on the spot over 200 billion tender for a multi-papas dam in Kitui County. Already the NIB has been fined 250,000 by the procurement tribunal for disobeying orders regarding the dispute that has dragged on since May 2017. President Uhuru Kenyata mandi directed Madaraka Day to be celebrated from Narok County and North Kajadu County due to unpreparedness by the county government of Kajadu. The committee expressed concerns that Kajadu Stadium construction works may not be completed within the remaining three months as Alia envisioned. Elsewhere constituencies, eight constituencies rather cannot account for about one billion shillings allocated to them from the National Government Constituency Development Fund Auditor General Edward Orko says this is in a report covering up to June 30, 2017 that was tabled in the National Assembly last week by Majority Leader Eden Duale. Elsewhere an Italian firm CMC Durevena that was contracted by the Nakuru County Government for the construction of Itaridam has denied claims of its bankruptcy. The multi-billion controversial project has had several challenges that have led its stalled progress. On, university students have written to take the streets to the streets of a plan to increase tuition fees. Speaking to journalists outside the University Towns in Nairobi on Monday, student leaders from various universities declared that on Monday next week they would hold on country-wide demonstration to protest the raising of fees from 16,000 to 48,000. Now the Kenya Medical Supplies Agency, KEMSA, is facing a financial crisis of a delayed payment of 2.4 billion oj to aid by county governments at development that is threatening to crypto-medical services in the country. The crisis has since altered the Senate Committee on Health which has summoned Council of Governors Chairman Weekly for Pranya to explain why the counties are not meeting their obligations. In crossing the borders, Nigeria's civil society group says over 30 people have been killed in a post-election violence, voters went to the polls in a tight presidential race between President Muhammad Buhari and businessman Atiku Abu Bakar. The group, say the death toll rather during Africa's biggest election was higher than that of the 2015 poll which was widely considered to have been orderly aside from Boko Haram attack that killed more than a dozen people. And now finally Theresa May has again delayed the parliamentary vote on how billing a big Brexit deal in a desperate effort to buy more time to revise it some with Brussels with just 33 days until Britain is said to leave the European Union. Speaking to reporters while traveling to an EU Arab League summit in Egypt on Sunday, May said it would now happen by March 12th, Amia 17 days before Brexit Day. You are now up to date with Y254 news highlights and tonight a reminder will be talking about corruption and we want to see whether we are winning this fight against this menace in our country. And with me in studio is Daniel Oroga, political analyst as well as Gonjiri Karyuki. Welcome gentlemen to our studios tonight. Now we saw what happened last week at Tanzania government jailed a woman from China nicknamed the Queen of Ivory and we have seen people being through allegations in our country corruption cases that is. But then the question is can Kenya be where Tanzania is like today? Gonjiri. Okay Hidari, thank you for having me tonight and I appreciate for the opportunity. First, let me infer the fight against corruption to the condemnation that it has even from the good books of faith. It is in the scripture, in the Bible, Proverbs that any ill-gotten world will not last for long. In the Quran and in the book that they call the Kitabu Ayub, a letter that was written by somebody called Raib something says do not acquire what you have not duly paid for from the Indian Hindu Bavagar Gita when the war of peace between two conflicting sides on who should inherit the kingdom as it was in the families of Padu and Adyuna the disciple of Lord Krishna by the name Adyuna is in the battleground and looks at both armies and sees relatives and friends and wonders why should we fight because of property. That also tells you that the Hindu Gita does not compromise on a well that is ill-gotten or a person who wants to get something that is not due. Can it be at that point? Of course, we have seen a renewed fight against corruption and this has come in the wake of the handshake. This is a post-benefit of the handshake. Therefore, tonight I want to believe that Kenya to answer your question can get to that point where we say Kenya is a corruption free society and we can have an affirmation of institutional justice whereby it will begin with each and every citizen taking their responsibility in the fight against corruption. Therefore, to look at it from what I normally like calling the prismatic angle or from a wide angle, I want to throw the responsibility of fighting corruption to the citizens, to the government and to anybody else, any stakeholder in our political and democratic ecosystem. All right, yes. All right, or rather before you respond to that, Kenya is perceived to be one of the most corrupt countries and a research in 2017 out of 180 Kenya was 143. We have had a series of corruption cases like the NYS, the Eurobond and now given these observations, what measures can Kenya take to stem the snapping theft of public resources? I think first of all, let me join my colleague just thanking you for inviting us to this debate. No pleasure. It's been a long time and I'm happy to be back now that we are on DSTV. We have been listening to you. We have, we are happy to be. But let's begin here by saying that there is no and I said in a different platform, the problem that we are having as a country is that we've never found any word in our mother tongue that we can define corruption because there is nowhere, there is in your language, there is nowhere you can, what do you call corruption? In my language, what do you call it? But all our languages have got something called theft and how to deal with it. So would we begin by first of all asking that our national, you know, our national intelligence and our national values must recognize corruption as public theft and public plunder. So that makes it easy to deal with thieves. We can't know how to deal with corrupt people but we know how to deal with thieves. From the thieves of a village chicken to that that's planned as a lot of money, we know how to deal with them. But they are treated differently by our judiciary. But now as we, this was just my open remarks. Kenya has found its way in one of the, you know, like you said, whatever there is a survey that is done and a report is given and how we are faring in our corruption index. There is a sense in which we've never, you know, we've never gone high or down. We are always stuck into some level and you see we only compare to countries like Syria and other areas in Nigeria where corruption is the norm of the day. In this country, we have a robust constitution that really articulates on the values that we are having as a country. Our president and Excellency Uwuru Kenyan has made so right when he was in Kisi and he said that when you found corrupt, corruption does not align yourself to tribe. It doesn't align yourself to religion. It doesn't align. It is an individual responsibility. But what we really need to see is a lot of concerted efforts insofar as fighting corruption is concerned. And my colleagues who've read elaborately about building bridges initiative, one of the, among the pillars they have mentioned is corruption and dealing with it. How I wish that our friends would, you know, channel their views to building bridges initiative as to how do we specifically deal with corruption and as opposed to how we should be, you know, finding a way to do referendum in building bridges initiative. So I think this is the trajectory that we should be, you know, taking as far as this discussion is concerned. We have seen people being accused, especially in the NYS, they go to court but we never see the result. Now would you say the judiciary is undermining the fight against corruption in Nigeria? Well, let me first begin by underscoring a very weird statement that has always been smeared on corruption. I hear that there is a new description and a new adjective in town that corruption in some good words is the cost of doing business. Okay. I take you. At the expense of the monainchi. Yes, at the expense of the monainchi. Not withstanding the kind of adverse effects that it has on the economy, on the social contract and on our politics. Coming to your question on the issue of NYS and whether the judiciary is actually interdicting the war against corruption. We have a reason as Kenyans to doubt the judiciary. Of course coming from what they have done in the past. I don't want to get into specifically into the judiciary per se but I want to quote what has been in the public domain. Allegedly and as you have seen the judiciary has made some weird rulings which even Aleman can be able to look at them and wonder whether this is justice as is supposed to be subbed. Therefore I believe that we have a reason to doubt the judiciary and to some extent yes the judiciary has taken has played a role in frustrating the war against corruption. Of course even quoting the director of public prosecutions Nudil Haj and his adverse opinions on how the judiciary has been taking matters corruption. We have so many problems of course coming from lack of enough and corruption quotes. Also we have seen some of the lawyers who even admit in public that they know which judge takes bribes. Therefore I believe coming from what the judiciary has given us we have a reason to doubt them and also lay some blame on them. It is time that they put their act together and also precipitated this war because we have also seen the judiciary also being accused of delaying cases. True true true Yes so and it is good that we are having this discussion here and also a devising on policy because the judiciary also needs to pull up the socks to some extent and make sure that even if it means burning midnight oil let them prosecute these cases as fast as possible so that Kenyans can get But you understand I agree with so much of what my colleague listen fight against corruption is multi agency and we have very three or four offices that are really trusted with fighting corruption and are given what I call quasi judicial authority to expedite what corruption is One office is the office of ODP the office of DCI and Ethics and Direct Corruption Commission so before I presume that before a case is presented to the judiciary or any court of law due diligence might have been done should be done so that we have a watertight case and that even goes on with within how we investigate even before this files for prosecution so I agree to some extent that you see judicial offices are human beings and you see there is a sense in which their nature as human beings might compromise the cases that are before them but you see we also need to look at what is the role of other agencies insofar as probably presenting to the judiciary a very tight case so that it is not thrown away because of lack of sufficient evidence or proper investigation and now coming back to what you just mentioned at the anti-corruption conference in bombers of Kenya something caught my eye and when we begin to politicize the war on corruption it becomes a problem a few days later one of the Jubilee henchmen says you see we were discussing corruption but whoever we were discussing was also present so you see whenever you make such statements and you know everybody draws your attention now people begin to hear do we call for these conferences to discuss people or do we call for these conferences to diligently deal with matters of national importance so I think one of the areas that we are also doing badly as a country and which president Kenyar has in the spirit of handshake and it should look at these as a way of in his first term when there were corruption allegations and exposure for example Eurobond people would sit on the fence and point fingers and mention names and come up with tribal mobilization our people are being hounded and our people are being treated unfairly NASA by that time was it called NASA or which affiliate court by that time would sit on the fence and say you see you need to do this Jubilee would defend it the following day so it was becoming a problem to tackle corruption but in the spirit of working together I think that right now you've seen both the principals and both opposition leaders and the president are saying that even if the governor that affiliated with my party is found to be eligible I think the prosecution body should take in charge and follow up through the process it makes it more easier alright we will be taking a very short break and when we come back now we will be seeing what should the judiciary do among other things to ensure that people caught or if people are prosecuted due diligence should be done in terms of finding had evidence to ensure that these people are jailed we take a very short break do not go too far


Hello everyone, welcome back to another AI video. This is a quick one. I want to talk to you about outfit anyone, and then I want to show you magic animate, where basically you can take a person, yourself, a celebrity, anybody for that matter, dress them up like a doll. Yeah, if you like dolls, whatever, you're into it, it's all good, and then you can animate them. And the best part is you're not gonna have to pay a penny. Here's just an example here. You'll see here, I'm just gonna go right over to the first example here. This is a model that I selected, and then you'll see here, I gave her a hoodie, and a pair of pants, and presto, it went ahead and made it for me. Now, here's how you do it. I'm gonna go ahead and actually start this from scratch. So here we go, this is a blank model. So here we go, we'll just go ahead and we'll click out of this. Now, I can select one of these models, or I can upload an image of myself or a celebrity. To make it quicker, I'm just gonna go ahead and select this lady here, and presto. We've got this lady in black. Now, the next part here is I can select either one of their pre-built images, one of their pre-built sweaters or dresses, or I can upload something myself. So I've got something on my hard drive. So let's just go to my finder here. I'll go to my desktop, and on my desktop, I've got this very simple hoodie. You'll see here, this is my own image that I'm dropping in here. And then I'm gonna go ahead and I'm gonna grab my, what's the other thing? I've got some pants, I'll drag and drop those pants on here, and now look at that. We're like at the beginning part of that fancy song by Iggy Azalea, where she picks her outfit electronically through her computer or whatever. So there we go, I've gone ahead, I've selected a top garment, I've selected a blower garment, I'm gonna click run, and it's going to give me an error. Now, this is the other thing I wanna make a note about. Sometimes you have to run this a couple times because it's really that overloaded right now that I guess you've gotta get in line, and there you go, I've got it. I'm in the long queue of request pending. So this does take a few seconds, in this case, so it's gonna take about 17.9 seconds, it looks like, so it's pretty much done. Nope, never mind, it's gonna go through the queue here. So I'll come back when it's done, show you the next steps. All right, here we go, so there we go. This is the hoodie that I selected here, it's the pants I selected and presto. We've gone ahead and got an image of that model wearing these clothes, and if we wanted to download it, of course we could just go up here, and it's very small, but you can click on the little download button and bang, we've got a copy of the image. Now, if I go down a little further here, just a quick reminder that it doesn't have to be like an exact hoodie or pair of pants. In this example, you'll see here, the garment is a pineapple, and it actually kind of went and made some inferences, and bang, it put a pineapple dress on this model. So just keep that in mind that there are other examples out here, kind of like this one here, which used a anime character, and bang, they've got this lady in an anime dress. So lots of crazy stuff going on over there. So we've gone ahead, we've gone and done that, we've downloaded the model, let's go to Magic Animate. Now what we can do now, and this is also free, I'm gonna put a link to this, and of course the outfit anyone in my description, so you can go ahead and use them. This is also free to use, and it allows you to go ahead and animate that character you made.  So here we go, here's Magic Animate. Now here's the problem with this right now, it's overloaded, it's running on an 810G graphic card. So I mean this one here, it's taking on average about over two hours to download or to generate. So just keep that in mind that here's what it will look like when it's done, if you want to, you'll see this lady that we made here, our model going ahead and doing that silly animation dance. We do have some examples over here, maybe we can run this one to see if this happens. There we go. So we can go ahead and make something like this, and then you'll see here if I hit play that there she is, she's running in order to do it. All you need to do to just go ahead and do that, let's go back to the main screen here, is you just click on Magic Animate, it loads, you drop your image right here, so we could drop, I don't know, a picture of that lady, we would drop it here. We would drop the video that we want to use. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and grab this motion sequence here. I'm just gonna click on that. And the reason why is actually that probably didn't work the way I wanted it to. I'm gonna delete this one here. So there we go, we've got our motion selected, we can select our model, so I've got a model here somewhere, let's go with this one here. And then presto, you can go ahead and click on animate. The problem again is it's quite busy, so this is new technology and everybody and their dog's trying it out, but once you've done that, you've got a animated person and that is literally all there's to it. Thanks for watching.