This 10th year of Daily Tech News show is made possible by you, the listener. Thank you so much, including Philip Shane, Paul Boyer and Brad. Coming up on DTNS Tiktok is affecting the food on restaurant menus. Gotta look good in those videos. Plus how Netflix streaming is tanking the yen and what Apple can learn from the New York public school system that decides math. This is the Daily Tech News for Friday, May 19th, 2023 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt from Columbus, Ohio. I'm Rob Dunwood. Drawing the top tech stories from Cleveland, Ohio. I'm Len Peralta. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chen. Oh folks, we got we got food. We've got Apple, which is also food, but we mean the company. So let's start right on in with the quick hits. Some folks who use Android or even Google Voice have complained of a strange bug that's breaking their messaging threads with iPhone users. Somewhere between Android and iOS, a plus sign is being added to the Android user's phone number. Now, if you didn't know this, a plus sign usually indicates an international number. So the plus says, ah, the next number is the international code plus four four, for example. So when that happens, it can often break threads because iMessage thinks, oh, well, this is a new number. It's an international number. This is a new sender. I should put it in its own thread. It also causes suspicion for some users when they see what looks like an international number attached to a message from a domestic friend. The problem has happened at the same time as the release of iOS 16.5, but that's merely correlation at this point. Mac rumors notes that many of the reports are coming from AT&T users, but also that's anecdotal. Resetting network settings does seem to fix it for some folks and adding a plus one if you're in the U.S. to the beginning of your number will avoid the problem as well because you already put the plus in. The Wall Street Journal sources say Samsung suspended its internal review to explore replacing Google with Bing as the default search engine on mobile devices. The company reportedly had concerns over how the switch would be seen by the market as well as how it would impact business relationships with Google. FX Technology is selling a screen replacement for SteamDEX that gives you 1920x1200 resolution so it's not just a fix for a broken screen, it's also an upgrade because the Steam Deck comes with a stock 1280x800 screen. The replacement screen also comes with the same anti-glare coating as the stock screen, but PC Gamer points out that to replace the screen in your Steam Deck you need to do a full disassembly because it's the last part you get to and you're going to have to use a heat gun because there's adhesive to get through. So this is not for everyone. However, if you heard full disassembly and heat gun and said, now I'm really excited, you can join the wait list for the Deck HD at deckhd.com. They haven't put a price or released date on it yet, but they said it should cost somewhere around 99 bucks. The security researcher known as V. Doné published a proof-of-concept tool called KeyPass Master Password Dumper that could let someone extract the master password for the password manager key pass from PC memory excluding the first character. This requires physical access to the machine but does not require elevator privileges. KeyPass told Bleeping Computer it will update the app in about two weeks to resolve the issue and a beta with a fix is available now. Yeah, so that's a researcher finding something not in the wild. That's good news. That means they found it before the bad guys did. Multiple stories to follow up on today. We had mentioned Apple TV. It was going to roll out MultiView for Sports. They have done so for the Apple TV 4K. So you can go check out your multiple soccer and baseball games in Apple TV Plus now. Google clarified that it will not delete accounts that have YouTube videos when it clears out accounts older than two years that haven't been accessed. That was not originally what they said, but they will not be wiping out years of YouTube history. Five TikTok creators have sued to stop Montana's TikTok ban from going into effect on January 1st. I imagine they may not be the last lawsuit to come, but that's the first one. And Telly, remember we talked about Telly earlier this week, the free TV that builds an ad into a second screen. Telly says it had more than 100,000 people apply to get one of its free TVs. That was not, I was not one of them. Rob, were you? I was not. I don't think I would be, but it's kind of interesting. No, I read the terms of service and that was enough for me. Thank you. Thank you. Wall Street Journal reports that Apple restricted some of its employees from using generative models at work over concerns about leaks. Now, this story also says that Apple's developing its own generative model, so maybe they just want people to dog food it, but they are not allowing internal folks to use chat GPT and GitHub co-pilot coding assistant in most cases. Some people are allowed to use them. I guess if they have a justifiable need, but they don't want most people to use it because they're worried that accidentally confidential information would be entered into the interface, make its way to open AI and somehow find its way into someone's hands who shouldn't have it. Open AI lets you purge that history and everything, but Apple's just being extra careful. And they're not alone. We talked about Samsung doing this before on the show. Wall Street Journal points out Verizon, Amazon, and JPMorgan Chase have also put in similar restrictions. And in a related story, the New York City public school system is easing its restrictions. Remember, we talked earlier this year about how they put chat GPT on the restricted list, meaning you had to justify why you wanted to have access to it. They are now easing up on that. Chancellor for the school system, David Banks, said that while initial caution was justified, it has now evolved into an exploration and careful examination of this new technology's power and risks. The school system will also create a toolkit for educators to help integrate generative tools into the curriculum, into classroom activities. I feel like we're seeing two ends of a pattern here, Rob. You've got the companies at the beginning saying, we don't want to make a mistake. We don't want our confidential stuff slipping somewhere it shouldn't. So until we get that figured out, we're going to say let's limit who can access this, which is exactly what the New York school system was saying for different reasons, not for confidentiality reasons, but saying let's limit it. And now they're like, okay, we think we've figured it out on our end. Yeah, it kind of makes sense. And one of the things that we have to remember is that we really started just talking about this stuff not even six months ago. It was November 30th when I think the tilt of the Earth's axis changed when this stuff came out. So that's less than six months ago. When you put that in, I think of November as like, well, it's been a long time, but you're right. That's not even a half a year. Not even six months ago. So the issue is that this thing came out, it's making all this news. Nobody knows how to react. Okay, we're not going to allow any of this. And I think in the case of like the New York City schools, they figured out, wait a minute, if our students are using this, this writes way better than they do. We'll know. Let's figure out how to use this in conjunction with learning. I think that that's where they're pulling back to. So it just took them a little bit of time to figure out the technology, how they want to implement it, how they want to make it safe and fair for students and they'll move forward. And I think you're going to see other companies kind of follow suit as well. Yeah, I actually look at what the New York City public school system says it did. You can decide to believe that it's lying or coloring the truth, but looking at what it says it did, that made sense, which was we wanted to be careful. We didn't know what the harms would be. So we didn't shut it down. I think a lot of people jumped to the conclusion they shut it down. They restricted it. They said, bring us a reason why you need to access it. And if it's a good reason, we'll let you access it. That seems smart. Like let's go piece by piece and see how this works, see where the trouble is, and then we can plan for a way to teach kids AI ethics, teach them prompt engineering, show them what's going on. And now according to the New York public school system, they've got all kinds of great programs that are helping kids understand this from the beginning. It doesn't feel like that's what the companies should be doing too, saying like, all right, let's hold off. Let's limit the damage because we don't know what the damage will be and then we'll learn where it's okay to include it and what the best confidentiality practices are and all that. That's part of it. But companies look at this as competition. We don't want it in here because we don't want any way that our stuff is going to get into their system that we're working on. I understand that the fact that they're saying this is the reason it doesn't, I don't think there's any nefarious reasons behind why companies would have done this. That kind of makes sense because at the end of the day, these companies are going to be competing in the AI space. So I understand why they would do that. That's not going to happen in this organization. Yeah, Verizon may not be though. So they might loosen up a little faster. I do think open AI saying, well, you can purge your chat history. You can turn it off. That's good for some companies. To get a quasi-competitor, you're never going to get Google to switch to open AI, right? But to get somebody who's not directly competing but has big confidentiality issues, like maybe Samsung. Samsung's like, yeah, we might partner with open AI at some point. We work with Microsoft on some things. Maybe we'll partner with them. I think you're going to have to have an enterprise-level open AI that is more robust than what open AI offers now that's on-prem and has strict confidentiality, verifiable confidentiality, that kind of stuff. There's no question of Microsoft working with open AI. That's absolutely helping them get there. There's no question about that. Yeah, yeah. No, that's true. So the financial, I should say, financial strategies from Barclays warned about a new source of pressure on the Japanese yen, streaming services. Japanese subscriptions to overseas streaming companies like Netflix and Disney has risen relative to trade and travel. Japanese viewers spent about 4.8 trillion yen or $34.7 billion on streaming last year, which Barclays estimates makes up 90% of Japan's services account deficit. Netflix and Disney have both increased the amount of Japanese and East Asian content in their libraries over the past several years. Tourism to Japan is supposed to bounce back this year and balance things out, but it's still notable that Netflix's subscriptions sent enough money out of the country to affect the currency. And Tom, when I read through this and looked at the article, the math is math. And if you think about what happened, we wanted to do the worldwide pandemic.  Tourism completely came to a halt.  You probably saw the actual numbers and streaming services go up just because you've got captive audiences. So tourism comes to a complete halt. Streaming services go up. You pull a calculator out, you probably can do some math and figure out, wow, this is actually affecting our currency. Yeah. And the Japanese yen has some other problems, which is why you're hearing about it in Japan and not some other countries, because not like every country has a domestic streaming service. But that was the other thing that jumped out of me is you would think Japan would have enough domestic options to balance out the outflow, right? Like Hulu, for instance, in Japan, is a licensed company that's run inside of Japan. It's not the same product as the Hulu you get in the United States. Yahoo! Japan is a different company than Yahoo! in the US. Same kind of thing. 7-Eleven is a different company in Japan than the 7-Eleven you have in the mainland of the US. So I was surprised that the Japanese market turned to Netflix and Disney so hard that it affected the yen. Like you say, the math works out, tourism goes down, and if all the money people are spending is going out, that's going to put pressure on the currency. I get that. It's been slow to come back. Japan has been very cautious in reopening. I think people are still also really cautious about going back out so they're probably still streaming and paying for streaming. But what this says is Netflix and Disney did a great job in creating global content. I probably shouldn't be surprised about that with Disney, but we knew Netflix was doing it. This kind of underlines that they're doing it well. When you look at the amount, clearly Disney, Disney is Disney, but Netflix also has an incredible amount of content for children. That is relatively easy to dub. So you can take those cartoons and dub it into whatever language you want, and it looks natural for the most part. So I think that's a big part of this, is that we have kids in the house all day. We need to let them go watch something. So when I really dug through this story, it makes sense that you would see this because it's just how many people are no longer traveling to Japan and how many people are streaming on, not just Netflix and Disney, but really all streaming services. They're not based there. And in addition to that, Netflix is doing local content in its markets, and that's extremely smart. So you and I can watch these too, but they are made primarily for the Japanese market, like Way of the House Husband, which is about a Yakuza man who settles down and takes care of the house while his wife goes out to work. Gudetama, a whole series about the little boiled egg that lives its life as a sentient boiled egg. Great shows. And they are Japanese first shows. That's one of the ways Netflix is going to survive the rider strike and keep its leverage is it's got these things outside of the United States like that. But it also shows that it's incredibly successful in those local markets as well. Absolutely. Well, folks, you can find out the little known aspects of RSS in the latest episode of Tom's Top Five. Maybe the know a little more episode was too long for you. Couple of minutes, and I'm going to break down the five top things you need to know about RSS so you can better understand why it exists and why you use it. You can catch it at youtube.com slash daily tech news show. Now, a TikTok man may have been past in Montana, but TikTok is still incredibly popular all through the United States. So much so that restaurants have started adapting their menus so that their dishes look good on phone screens. I think this is probably happening around the world, not just in the U.S. Grub Street's Ezra Marcus has a story called Cheesier, Saucier, and Drowning in Caviar. How TikTok took over the menu. In olden times, folks, you may remember if you're old enough like Rob and I, you'd look at the newspaper where the food critic would drive a customer to a restaurant. That's like a trope of the old movies, Rob. The food critic sneaks in undercover to the restaurant and writes a review and then it blows up the restaurant because everybody wants to eat where the food critic was, right? That's back when TV was in black and white and all that kind of stuff. Yeah, the old 50s movie. I look at the story and as you said, my initial thought was, oh, it's TikTok.  Actually, look at the story for what it is and it makes sense. This is where a lot of people get their news. This is how people, they're going to be in restaurants and oh, this is, this is, this looks really good. Let me take a picture of it. Let me make a movie of it and then send it to everybody that I know. That's how this works. So it only makes sense from the restaurant's perspective that they actually get in on this. And I see it even being, you know, more than just your standard TikTok video taken on the phone. I think you're going to see restaurants actually doing some high quality B roll that they actually hand over to influencers. They get to come in and talk about their stuff. So what this article says they're doing so far is obvious. The obvious things like eye-catching lobby decor. Make your, make an Instagram moment from the moment you walk in the door. Fun visuals as you walk to the table. A menu that makes good video. So classics like the table side Caesar salad are good for this. There is one restaurant doing a ceremonial burger carving that shows off the knife skills of one of the waitstaff. But even when the waitstaff leaves the food, entrees need to bubble, melt, drip, stretch, anything that looks good on that video. If you can ladle something over the food that's good too. One example that they had in this article was a viral dish from a steak restaurant called Bad, or it was a steak at a restaurant called Bad Roman. Check this out. A huge raviolo, which is a single ravioli on top of the steak stuffed to the gills. And when you cut into it it just bursts and oozes Kashiwai Pepe over the steak.  So I actually want to know how it tastes. But that probably looks beautiful. The visual is probably great. But how is it going to taste? Because I'm thinking about like when you ever see food on, you know, just on television, that's not food. That's like, you know, that's not mayonnaise. That's like blue shellac. You know, it's clearly that was painted on there. So I wonder if that's why I don't think you're right about the b-roll because every influencer is going to be like, no, no, no, I need to have that authenticity. I need to show myself in it. It's interesting, like just coming from a restaurant background, I see two parallels. One, traditionally in TV and magazine photography, food is one of the hardest things to kind of capture. And a lot of money has been spent. And I mean, a lot. So much so that plastic food became a thing because it lasted longer under the hot lights. The second thing is that although good reviews really do bump restaurant patronage, it's a short burst.  And TikTok kind of straddles both of those. Yeah. Right. It's the word of mouth. It's like, hey, I don't want something super expensive, but I need like somewhere I can grab lunch in 30 minutes. And I saw this person downtown and they got this great place and just looking at the stuff that they have. And you get, you get the repeat exposure, right? Whereas the food critic writes you up once and that's it. They're not going to write you up again. Exactly. The TikTok is going to be like, oh, I saw this place on TikTok.  So it keeps the momentum going. And it's like, oh, sorry.  I was just going to say, I see that exact scenario to where it may actually be the influencer that goes first, but in the comments is, oh, yeah, I went there too. In fact, I go every week on Thursdays for this. And you're going to see all of that additional content created that is doing the job of getting people into the restaurant. And it's weird because like, you can be the influencers. Oh, yeah. I ate at blah, blah, again today and I got this great sandwich. And it's just kind of a passing comment as they get into whatever they want to talk about in that video. But it's the repeat. I drink this. Well, and don't forget that some of these relationships are formal. This article goes into the fact that some restaurants turn their nose up at an influencer asking for a free meal. Other restaurants are paying money to get the influencers in. In fact, there's an agency called Mustard that will charge you $300 to send three influencers in a month to post promising you 40,000 views. Which is, you know, I don't know what the CPM equivalent is there, but you know, that's $300 for advertising to get to reach 40,000 people. That seems about right. But it's like what you were saying about the food critic. It needs to be consistent and constant enough that people just kind of think about it as a second one. Well, that's the beauty of tic-tac, right? Yes. It just keeps throwing it in front of people. But if they only get these people, you say you spend your 300 bucks and you get your one week of influence. After that, do you have to pay an additional like this? Do you have to keep paying? That's, well, yeah. Just like you have to keep paying for advertising. Yeah. And well, but it may cause spin-offs. It may cause other people who you're not paying to do it. And I think you're going to have some folks because everybody wants to be an influencer these days. So first, if the actual influencer they get paid went and got the burger with the single ravioli on the top that, you know, the ooze juice out. Well, I want to go get my picture of it too. So I think that that actually is going to work for restaurants. So when the content quality, at least I should say the first step, the professional influencer, if their quality is really good, it's going to bring other people in just because they want to be the me too side. There's always going to be a restaurant that resist it and they're going to be successful anyway. That's going to be their brand. I get that. But it does seem to be the way something that a lot of restaurants have to consider anyway. They talked about the fact going back to what we were saying about trying to make food look good. You can't you can't use plastic food here, right? The Tiktokers want to use the real food. So they're putting these bright LED lights on it to show what they're eating. And that's disrupting the other patrons.  You know, it's in our best interest. Sorry. Sorry for the brightness. There's a Scottish YouTube food reviewer who does all his food outside of the the eatery. And so he doesn't disturb.  And I mean like enough for four people that one guy eats. And it's I am constantly amazed at how quickly and how embedded food has become in so many of these influencer reviews kind of lifestyle because it's a constant thread between all three of them. It's very impressive. I think about food is something that everyone eats. Everyone, you know, everyone eats food. So this is a common experience for literally everybody. Yeah, I eat food. But doesn't everyone need to buy a four story house? I mean, that's that's a common thing. Yeah, I've had so many situations where Eileen has been looking at TikTok and then she shows me one or she forwards it to my TikTok. And I look at it and some of them like, oh, yeah, that looks amazing. We got to go there. But sometimes I look at it and I'm like, they're making this seem like more than it is. Like there has to be a level of literacy to looking at this because there are some tricks to make something pretty mundane look and sound special in a TikTok video. So you got to be careful. Also, you got to be careful with your nostalgia or it'll empty your pocketbook. The Game Boy inspired analog pocket has been creating NES, SNES and Genesis updates for years. And now the analog duo has recreated NEC's Turbografx 16. If you've been thinking, that sounds familiar. They announced they were going to do this back in October 2020, but it is finally available for pre-order. If you don't remember the Turbografx 16, it had its own proprietary format called the Who card that resembled a credit card. It eventually accommodated games on CD-ROM as well with an add-on accessory, the Turbografx CD. But yeah, you can go now and check out the analog duo NEC Turbografx 16. This is one of those game systems that kind of, I don't say fell through the crack, but it literally straddled. You had one. I had one, but I had one after it became an outdated piece of gaming gear because that's when I could buy it for like 20 bucks at the used store. Yeah, the analog duo is 250 bucks. This is not cheap. That's back in the day 250. So, yeah. Well, no, no, the one you can buy now, the new recreation is 250 bucks. Rob's correct. If you bought the game, the original game console was just a Who card and then they did the CD-ROM edition later and then they sold the unit that was both in the single unit. But it was a pretty pricey, but very, very compelling game system, right? Because with the CD-ROM, that was a first. That was like the first, at least in the US, where you could put in the CD and you could play a game and you get stereo CD quality music out of your Japanese RPGs as you sit there grinding through 30 hours of monster battles. You would have a very compelling experience that did not exist and later until you got into the Sega CD and then eventually the PlayStation. So, at least for a lot of game nerds, this is one of the keystone systems at Bridge D8 in 16-bit eras. Yeah, and analog does really good machines, too. They have proven to do so, so I imagine this is going to be worth the pennies if you are so inclined. All right, let's check out the mailbag. Roger, a different Roger than the one we just heard from. This is Roger in the audience, says, I enjoyed your recall of Smellavision on Thursday's show and want to introduce you to a new fragrance technology. We're signed up for a Princess Cruise this summer and they are introducing a 360-degree dining experience. Diners are surrounded by a computer screen that goes all the way around the room. This looks like what they used to shoot the Mandalorian, but in a dining setting. In addition to having great food and animations on your plate, they also claim to offer something similar to Smellavision with their videos. I don't know anyone who has tried it yet, but if I get a chance this summer, I will try it and let you know about my experience. Thank you. Listener Roger, and please do, please do report back if you take one of these cruises. Absolutely report back in on that. Yeah, yeah, because God knows Rob and I aren't going to be on a cruise. Time soon. No, no sir. Thank you. Roger, do you cruise? I don't plan on it because I see them as a very unique vector for a variety. Yeah, okay, so you're right in the camp with that. But other Rod, Listener Roger, if you brave this, let us know. Because I want to know where the Smellavision here sits in because your food already is going to smell because you're eating. So what smells would they want to pump in to compete with that? They could virtualize an alfresco experience in like the Muir Woods or something, and they give you like some pine scent as you eat. Okay, a little compliment, but we don't want it to compete with the taste of the food. You don't want to compete, but it's kind of like ambient music or lighting. Yeah, yeah, it has to be done right. All right. Well, big thanks to Len Peralta for creating the ninth anniversary logo that is on our Patreon merch. If you're a Patreon, you may have got some of this already. Check that out at Patreon.com slash DTNS. And Len has also been illustrating today's show. What have you drawn for us, Len? You know, I love today that today's show is food focused. We just had that Princess Cruise Smellavision thing and then, of course, the TikTok influencers who are choosing, you know, helping with the menu. But, you know, you forget that the really, the first influencers came back maybe in the 70s. We call them McInfluencers here.  You got Grimace and the Hamburglar. That's, those are the real influencers. Those are the OG influencers.  I would never have tried a purple drink if it hadn't been for Grimace. Or a green or a shamrock shake, right? Those are the original McInfluencers. So, this image, you know, an homage to the McInfluencers is available at my Patreon. Patreon.com forward slash Len.  Also, you can just get it at my online store. Go check it out. Lenparaldestore.com, where I'm also open for commissions. You can go over there and get something for your grads, your dads, everybody else this summer. So, think about me while you're doing that. Please do. Thank you, Len. And thank you, Rob Dunwood. You always have some interesting stuff in the works. What's going on with you this week? Well, I am Rob Dunwood. And you can find me talking about tech over on SMR Podcast. You can find me talking about tech and culture over on the tech, John. And I am pretty much everywhere on the web at Rob Dunwood. I'm looking here. I'm on Twitter. I'm on. You're a good follow on Twitter. Yeah, people don't know. You're having some good conversations about podcasting and entrepreneurship and stuff on there. I've been enjoying watching those. Oh, wow. Appreciate you. Appreciate you. Appreciate what I put out. Yeah, yeah. Go follow Rob. That's two B's. Rob, D-U-N-E, W-O-D. Well, the link in the show notes as well. Thanks to our brand new boss, Sen, from This Week in MCU. Just started backing us on Patreon. Thank you, Sen. Always good to have a new patron in the works. That's what keeps the show powering on. We understand if money's a little tight right now, Patreon just introduced a free tier as well. So while you wait for the money to come back, you can still sample a little of our Patreon goodness. You'll get Roger's column monthly updates and today's Good Day Internet, the Friday Good Day Internet. Go sign up right now. Patreon.com slash D-T-N-S. Patrons like Sen should stick around and the free patrons too. For Good Day Internet, it's Friday Quiz Time. When did it come out? Test your knowledge of product releases with Stick Around. You can also catch the show live Monday through Friday, 4 p.m. Eastern, 200 UTC. Find out more about that at dailytechnewshow.com slash live back Monday with Justin Robert Young. Talk to you then. This week's episodes of Daily Tech News Show were created by the following people, host producer and writer Tom Merritt, host producer and writer Sarah Lane, executive producer and Booker Roger Chang, producer, writer and host Rich Straffolino, video producer and Twitch producer Joe Koontz, technical producer Anthony Lemos, Spanish language host, writer and producer Dan Campos, news host, writer and producer Jen Cutter. Signs correspond to Dr. Nicky Ackermans, social media producer and moderator Zoe Detterding. Our mods, Beatmaster, W. Scottus1, BioCal, Captain Kipper, Steve Godorama, Paul Reese, Matthew J. Stevens, AKA Gadget Virtuoso and J.D. Galloway. Mod and video hosting by Dan Christensen. Music and art provided by Martin Bell, Dan Looters, Mustafa A, Acast and Len Peralta. Live art performed by Len Peralta. Acast ad support from Tatiana Matias. Contributors for this week's shows include Justin Robert Young, I.S. Actor, Molly Wood, Allison Sheridan and Rob Dunwood. And thanks to all our patrons who make the show possible.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how you can count frequency of a particular character available in a string by passing string into function. Before starting, you can note my information, you can follow or subscribe my YouTube channel through the URL youtube.com slash sanjaygupta underscore tech school. You can download my programming app tech image which is available on Google Play. Now I am going to implement solution of this problem with the help of C programming. So first time including a header file that is stdi.h. Now I am declaring a function whose name is count. Its written type is integer and it will receive two arguments as input. One is character array and another one is character variable. So this is function declaration. Now I am defining main function. Inside main function I have declared a character array str and character variable ch. One more variable c which is of integer type. Now with the help of printf, I am going to display the message enter string on console. The entered string will be received by gattus and the content will be stored inside str. Now again I am using printf statement which will display the message enter the character which you want to count. And that character will be received using scanf c and that character will be stored inside ch variable. Now I have to call the count function and I am passing str and ch inside it and the return value will be received inside c variable. So this statement is function call. After receiving value inside c, I can print the result on console. Total availability of that character is c. So I have printed it with the help of printf on console and then return 0. This is the definition of main function. Now I am defining count function definition which will receive two arguments. First is character array and second one is character variable. So this block is function definition. Inside this function definition, I am declaring two variables i and c. C is initialized with 0 which will count frequency of a particular character. To apply the logic, I am implementing for loop which is initialized with 0. The loop termination condition is str of i not equals to 0 and then i++. Now inside this loop, I have to apply the logic if str of i double equals to ch. So if this condition is true, it means ch is available in string. So I can increase value of c by 1. So whenever this if condition is true, then only c will be incremented by 1. So c is counting how many times ch is available inside str string. So after completion of this loop, the counted value of c will be returned to the main function and that value will be stored inside c variable which is returned in function calling statement at line number 13. And then printf will display the output on console. So this way I have implemented the complete code in front of you by passing string into function. Now I am going to execute this code. So I am entering my name Sanjay and I want to count frequency of a. So you can see total availability of a is 2. So a is available two times in my name. So the program is working properly. Again I am executing this code. This time I have entered Sanjay again. Now I want to count frequency of m. You can see total availability equals to 0. So the program is working properly. It is showing correct results. I hope you have understood how I have calculated the logic which is available in front of you. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can follow or subscribe my YouTube channel through the URL youtube.com. You can download my programming app Tagmiss which is available on Google Play. Thank you for watching this video.


Welcome you all for the leadership program organized by Ministry of Education Innovation Cell jointly with AECT and CBSE. Myself Dr. Ilangovan Karyapan, Assistant Innovation Director, Ministry of Education Innovation Cell. Today we have with us Mr. Estraaj Bharatwaj an young entrepreneur who started his company when he was in the eighth grade of school. I welcome you Mr. Estraaj for this leadership program. So, before we start the program a brief profile about our expert today. Mr. Estraaj is a co-founder of Motionic India and IDEX Solution a group of company based in India, UAE and Hong Kong. He owns 36 research projects and 15 publications to his credit. He has been honored with the prestigious Karma Veera Chakra award 2016 and he is named among the top 10 young entrepreneur of 2016 across the globe by Success Magazine. He was also the proud nominee of Padmasri in 2018 one of the IS Civilian Award in India. So, he is in probes list under 30 and youngest only Indian in God fellow in University of California Berkeley. With this small brief I once again welcome our chief guest and expert for the program today. So, yes we had a lot of questions raised and been asked by the teachers and students across the country. We have shortlisted few and I will be on behalf of the teachers and students I will be asking you. So, which is be a learning for the students from the successful entrepreneur. The first question which I will play is please share your journey as an entrepreneur and what motivated or inspired you to become an entrepreneur. So, I think first of all thank you so much Dr. Elan for having me here. It feels great to be always at the AICT headquarters. I think when we talk about my entrepreneur journey to be honest with you maximum of it it really relies and the credit of it goes to my twin brother Yogaj who is five minutes elder to me and of course my boss who signs my paycheck. So, my brother and me we were I think around 12 years old when we used to play cricket and we of course we wanted to be cricketers and I was slightly better than you while playing that. But coming from a family which is a traditional Indian middle-class family and my parents who had an experience of being in sports especially my dad he was a national gold medalist and swimming. They knew hardship vintage sports and end of the day every parent in India they are so caring towards their children that they want their children to do something which gives them stability in the light you know and that's what our parents wanted us to do and that was absolutely right I mean because they were thinking totally good for us. So, we had to leave cricket at that point and we were just like normal kids we would go to school in the morning come back watch a few cartoons shows like Doraemon Jetsons in the afternoon have a tuitions at home and that's all we were doing. At the same time my brother you he was really you know I would say was hands-on on physics so he wanted to study particle physics wanted to understand space and so slowly and steadily he actually wrote me in I don't know how much of the audience is from Delhi but every Sunday in Delhi there is a book market that takes place at Darya Ganj where in you can actually go and buy all these international journals all these expensive books at per kilogram basically these are basically second hand books and my dad especially used to take us there every week wherein we would go and we would you know buy a bunch of books and we started reading different journals science fictions if I would say that when while being in class 4th and grade 5 we were actually studying concepts like quantum mechanics you know particle physics and we wanted to get into into more of that so I would say that was an initial phase and the reason why I said I we did that is because you need motivation you need anger if I'm not hungry I'm not going to eat something if I'm not thirsty I'll not have water but when you have hunger and we had hunger at that time because we saw that we left cricket because we wanted economic stability in the family so if that financial conditions would have been so upright right would have been I mean we have we have been really fortunate but if you would have been even more fortunate then I would not have been leaving cricket aside so we said that okay now what we need to do is that the goal of our life is to remove this this block that we have and we started working towards it and to be honest with you when we started we had no clue that I'll end up here okay yes but I think it's just that you have to be determined you have to be really persistent that's what an entrepreneur's mind is you have to be 20% if you're looking for a comfort then do a 9 to 5 yes but don't don't get into business because business is 24 hours nothing is wrong everything is absolutely right but it is about what excites you and what drives you and what your hunger is so that's what it is yeah it was really amazing to hear that today because without any persistent or hard work we don't get anything you're right so as I said as an entrepreneur 24 bars on we can see exactly that it'd be a it's a good learning for us also so what were the challenges that you faced during your entrepreneur journey so far oh challenges have been many I mean I faced I just faced a challenge today morning while coming out okay and I think life in of an entrepreneur is just full of challenges but even the same thing what gives us a kick for example if I'm not facing challenges that doesn't that is not really giving me a kick to be an entrepreneur yes I want to be an entrepreneur because I like to solve challenges so but naming a few interesting ones which I think the audience would also love to know is that when we both started researching and we were actually reading concepts like you know the particle physics quantum mechanics at an early stage there was a serious issue because we at that time did not have programs like these which could help our independent young researcher without having any professional degree to do intense research in any particular sector so my brother Yuvraj again the credit goes to him he came up with his idea okay what we will do is that let's google the professors so all these authors that are writing books and we're reading those you will literally google those professors scholars researchers take out their emails their skype id's their phone numbers and we literally started spamming them okay this is where I come from I don't have a finance to visit that's a university of Cambridge but I just want your help and your guidance into this particular concept where I'm stuck and I need your help slowly and steadily after six seven months when you do something constantly with a lot of persistence a level a point comes when your level of doubts actually makes sense and at that time we actually got in touch with very good people and they were ready to help us they were helping us they were clearing our doubts and that actually made us even stronger we did everything to clear our doubts okay and we just were persistent to know the knowledge that we wanted to have yes so I think these are two interesting things I would say though in business it's daily life you you you meet different kind of people so challenges are many but it's on your persistence and it's on your ability that you are just not you don't have to dodge to any problem just face it to your head and smash it yeah that's how an auto cleaner that's always the experience gives a lot of learning to us and starting from a cricketer then you want to be interested in quantum care and now computing then writing to different professor because usually always everyone has an accident to write to a seniors or you know scholars feel like they will get a reply or no but still you have you both at work towards to make sure that you write a number of questions and you got a reply and got to replace and I mean in my time what really made me interested into sciences and and made me interested into solving challenges kind of a mindset was cartoon series okay for example there's a cartoon series by the name of Jetsons there is a cartoon series by the name of Doremore okay those cartoon series my mom had a very set routine for us that we would only watch it for a certain time but those really helped me that okay why can't I build something like that okay I cannot I have why I have forgotten a technology like that unfortunately in these times social media has taken over lives of younger generation yes which I see with my own eyes exactly a four-year-old child knows how to use Instagram yeah how to see reels but I think these this this shift is really not helping them to innovate this will not help them to become an entrepreneur because it's our very short duration and everything becomes very fast I know they want everything result to be happen immediately because of the shots and those things yeah it doesn't happen I started business me and my brother we started business at the age of 14 and I'm 23 years old right now nine years and still I've not done anything so it's a it takes a lot of efforts it takes a lot of persistence but you need to have a there has to be a system in your mind that you're able to set your priorities that you're able to have patience you know for example in in Hindi there are two words buddhi and vivek buddhi anybody can have I have buddhi right and you have buddhi anybody younger can have buddhi but vivek comes with age yes experience you know that for that you either have to rely upon your parents if you're studying young you have to rely on your teachers you have to rely on your mentors yeah so I think with this advent of the social media too much into the younger generation that that essence of an Indian culture is is missing wherein children listen to their parents they rely upon their advice and I think that's what we need to really think as a very critical factor going forward for success of entrepreneurship as a culture in India yes you see we always say mata pitta guru which we are supposed to follow the tradition and do that but you say like you have still lot to learn but if you say at 23 years of age you have nine years experience so that's a that's a big achievement and it's I can say a best practice which many should take into it yeah as I said the social media are taken many kids away from their routines because they have been more you know affected and they want immediately to happen everything that's one which we learned and you know we also seen in day today I think some changes will happen yes that's what we are also looking for so next question is we want to know how to overcome the influence of critical condition in ideation innovation entrepreneurship and startup your experience map same thing you if lives are different for example if there are 100 and thousands of entrepreneurs cultivating in streets of India right now yes and each and everybody is life circumstances idea project that they're working on everything is different correct so giving it a a fine case study or convert it into a an algorithm or a statement for me would be would be would be bad okay but what I would say in in context for my journey which might help the audience to learn yes that whether if or if I if I apply to their lives and if I really make some sense to them yeah would be that you have to be persistent dedication yes these are the few only key see for example if I have greatest of ideas and I'm not dedicated I'm not persistent enough to work on those yeah that idea is worth nothing yeah but if I have an idea which was already done before but I'm persistent to do it in a new market to do it in a larger way to do it in a better way it will succeed are you getting me look at startups like Ola Uber was already existing in numbers yes but it was it was Ola which actually said okay we will do this for India it was not in it was not in a new innovation it was not it was something which was already done but the scale they did it the way they did it was exceptionally well so I think being an entrepreneur is is couple of things first of the thing that goes with the definition of entrepreneurship is that solve a problem yes until unless you're solving a pain point you're solving a challenge you're solving a gap in the market you are not really impacting and that's when you will not be able to be an entrepreneur you can't you can't make a business out of by not solving anything you're getting me yes the second reason thing what I would say is being persistent and being dedicated like you should know that you have to be 24 7 if you want something if you want advice just go for it I mean there are I know there are other a lot of kind of people but there are more good people in in in India unfortunately we're in a land of great businesses coming up yes just go out talk to people ask them and even if they're not replying just go to another one but you have to be really persistent while doing it now third which is again the most important point and this is something I realized myself and fortunately I realized it very early age in my life okay is that always stick to your parents yeah there are two people in this world your mom and your dad except these two people nobody else will give you a a true selfless advice yes only your parents your mother and your father will give you an advice which might not benefit them which might harm them rather but they will still give you an advice which is good but is good for you one unfortunate thing that we as a younger generation do is that we think that we are the smartest because we have put the yeah but unfortunately we don't have to make or fortunately yeah for that we need to listen to our true mentors that is our parents a lot of children come to me and tell me okay you know I want to do this but my dad is not allowing me and I tell them boss then don't do it yes if your dad is not agreeing yeah then don't do it because I am sure that if your father is not convinced no other investor would be interested to invest in your company yes a good investor because your our parents know us even before we know each other they know us from the nine months before we were born yes right so these are the two people who know our true capabilities of what we can achieve and what we can not achieve and it happened with me my father comes from a sports background when we started business initially you know I would go to him and me and my brother we would tell him okay we're doing this and he would tell us okay no don't do it that way it might affect you bad and we would be like no but I think we can we failed miserably yeah okay so even now when I take any decision in my in in business even my brother we love to consult with my father because where can where in the world you will find such a fine such an honest a free of cost mayors yes who is there to help you and support you throughout yeah emotionally financially practically theoretically everywhere yes so I think I would say I would tell my friends to always stick to their parents be persistent be dedicated and end of the day solve a problem yes fantastic because we always take our parents as granted because they as easy access to us and you know they are we see them 24 bar 7 so we take them as a granted it was well said I'm I appreciate or say I really worry with that because our parents knows us and they are there our well wishers exactly they will do for our you know good my parents are telling me that okay don't do this I think I should not be doing it yes fantastic it's an they know my true capability of what I can achieve and what I cannot yes it's better I listen to them and I don't base my time yes it's an excellent example I'll say like a and mentor whom we can we always search for mentors outside our house yes because they are we don't take we don't you know estimate their knowledge or we take them granted and we take them easy yeah so and we feel like no we know better than them so you have very nicely highlighted that because it's a big lesson and a story for every kids that know we should listen to our parents and because they are the one who is going to if you are doing good or bad they are the one who is going to be traveling along with that so coming along with this I want also ask you how important a role of mentor in an entrepreneur journey it is it is really important okay see I was the I'm the luckiest one okay and I'll tell you why I got parents at my house which always supported me my my dad and my mother they would always and I think it was it is it's in our blood you know even when I go home today okay or even if I'm traveling we have this habit that I me and my brother we would speak to our parents at least for one hour okay before we sleep excellent and we tell them what we did okay I went to AICT office today I went for this meeting today okay we would tell them the whole calendar that we did it might not make any sense but the thing is the reason we discuss and we talk is that sometimes they would say something which really impacts decisions that I'm going to make tomorrow okay so this is one practice that we we follow and that's why mentorship has been a very critical success factor and the reason I say I have been very lucky is because of my brother is like my father also okay so he's also mentor to you somebody that who has always taught me different skill sets okay how to negotiate okay how to speak okay how to sit okay how to eat okay so I think this is something that I've been really fortunate that I'm the most pampered one in my house that I have elder brother who is teaching me everything and who is taking care of everything the most difficult challenges in the business he takes it all of it on himself okay and gives me slight things to manage because that's why I'm relaxed and I'm having a good conversation with you okay so I would say but my for my brother it's it's my parents okay so it having mentors of course it's very important but but the main question is that how do you identify a mentor how do you choose the right one yes and I tell people that the first mentor that you have is is people in your house that is your parents if you stick to them if you listen to them the guidance and the the the knowledge that will come from their mind to your mind will help you choose the right people outside in the market exactly so I cannot tell you I cannot tell anybody choose this guy and choose that guy yes because that would be stupid of mine I mean my life is totally different the other person life is totally different I cannot judge anybody yeah but your parents can tell you the best way the better than you my parents can tell me better than than myself that whether I should work with this person or not okay so how important the mentor if you get a right set of mentor how it will help you to take your business to next level it does see I'll tell you running a business is about how many good decisions you are able to make in a day okay a great businessman is not somebody who's making good capital no okay a great businessman is somebody who is making good decisions in a day and you have to be mentally stable emotionally stable physically stable okay spiritually stable to take the best decisions and take x amount of x number of best decisions in one day that you're able to be a successful person end of the day but being a being a businessman you don't map your success on a on a balance sheet okay I don't I have never seen an entrepreneur judging their business on a balance sheet they judge their business according to the daily decisions that they're making so every every day decision is been countable to us exactly and every day is is accountable if I take a call today that might affect me three months on the line okay so I should be having that kind of a visibility so decision making is an important in an entrepreneurial role that okay so if you want to be a great businessman you have to make great decisions okay now to make great decisions I already gave you three piece of advice yes which is solve a problem persistence dedication and let's stick to your parents and mentors okay fantastic if we do that we make good decisions and we make good decisions we become successful oh as simple as that great nice to hear about it so how to provide a strength to your idea in spite of limited resource if we take we are talking to the school teachers and the students mainly we are just trying to promote them or create the culture of innovation school so with the limited resource how do they give value addition to their ideas sir two things on this thing I think if I am telling you that I have limited resources and I'm not able to do this x thing that means I'm not hungry enough okay for example if I am extremely hungry and if you give me one grain of rice okay you know one grain of rice I will not crib about it okay I'll consume it and rather than wasting my time in cribbing about it I would go out in the market and look for another grain okay so it can go to my stomach so I think what we need to do as a generation and maybe as a community is to develop hunger yeah the more we are the if we are hungry if the future generation is hungry they would thrive for it they would work for it and I'm not saying that it's it's just business that you should don't know I mean doing jobs running a private sector and public sector jobs is also very important aspect but again you have to be hungry in those also because then only you'll grow okay I have a I have great people working in my team and these people are not somebody who are just working 9 to 5 no okay they are all 27 okay they are not owners of business but still and they are growing in a very in a very you know they're on a trajectory path of success because they they think themselves as responsible enough hungry enough to be able to execute and solve bigger challenges great I'm I'm able to see from the starting of our interaction you have been saying about persistent hungry dedication commitment 24 bar 7 all those things is a like you know best practice as a for an entrepreneur which you have been insisting about we can understand the hungry in you which makes you to know be unsuccessful entrepreneurs so far and all this for your coming years also next question is from my end is how important a digital presence to the startup absolutely it is very important in these days you know digitization has really peeped into the population if I talk about India as a market which is like 130 billion people you know in our country this is the world's biggest market we are sitting right now yes the way our country is you know is is is digitizing in terms of any sector that you talk about that really makes the new ideas new generation to also focus and target on the digital platforms because that's going to be very cost effective at the same time and in effective in terms of the business outreach if I give you an example and you know as we speak of digitization I was reading this article a couple of weeks ago the real-time payments in in in the fintech that China is making right now I think every day is close to 18,000 whereas if you talk about India doing real-time payments in terms of fintech it goes up to 46,000 so the way digitization has peeped into into Indian audience for example if I go and buy anything in the market I go to a barbershop I go to Kiranawala I go to a veritable shop owner now they don't want cash they're fine having a google pay or a or a ptm right so I think now if I'm doing anything if I'm doing a company if I'm doing a startup and if I'm solving a challenge the best way for me to market myself is to get into a digital space because that's when I will be according to me I would be able to reach more people okay and thus it makes complete sense for the business to to do that fantastic that so just want to know what are the important steps to be followed to become a successful entrepreneur there are so many you are talking about persistent commitment dedication 24 we are that you say like no these five steps are these 10 steps which will make me to become an entrepreneur again I would say the same thing okay one I should be solving a challenge okay a problem okay that's the that's the first and the most important thing if I want to second I should be hungry enough okay so when when if I have less resources I should not be craving rather I should be thinking that I'm the lucky one because then God has given me an opportunity to be hungry enough to be able to to execute and to solve that challenge because if I'm full why would I eat yes are you kidding me I'll only eat if I'm hungry yeah so I should be hungry enough yes and take it as a blessing don't take it as something that you have been unfortunate no you have been blessed if you are if you are hungry yes then be persistent be dedicated and last but the most important thing stick to your parents okay listen to their advice if they tell you don't do it don't do it yes doesn't make sense great so you have been very much insisting continuously on being following with parents and absolutely I think that has been most critical part yeah in my journey so I think as a school student who are our audience for this program today I'm sure everyone have been know as I repeat I'm just to repeat again we take our parents granted yes so now we should take from this talk we have been inspired and motivated that we should blindly believe our parents because our parents will give a right direction to us so we should be a successful for our career in the future that's always good and that so are we important is networking in an entrepreneurship journey absolutely important I would say in a market like India networking is 40 percent or 30 to 40 percent of what you do okay because if you have a network you have a market if you have a network you have access to capital if you have network you have access to main doors if you have network you have access to more and more challenges you know sometimes it's also difficult to think what problem am I going to solve yeah but if you have a great network then you know the challenges which are coming around in the market right now and you can prioritize whether I should do this or doing that okay if you have network you can create a great team now the question is how to create a network okay the way you do it so the way me and my brother did it is that we never really stepped out to to make friends in our school life you know we would go to school come back you know we were really we would be we would play but we would only play with each other and just be at home and don't not go anywhere no I haven't been to four three parties I haven't been to the friend parties or the tours and vacations ever in my life okay and I'll not tell you I'm not saying it's wrong it's good but it's just that it was not into my or my brother's priority list but what we did is that we started approaching people through social media and that's how I took use of social media okay I used Facebook okay I used different social media I used e-mail to get in touch with smart people okay if I am trying to do something good in my life then I need to make sure that I sit with the smartest of the crowd are you getting me yeah for example if I am sitting in a room where I am the one giving advice everybody else will gain out of it except me okay are you getting so I should be sitting in a crowd where everybody else is speaking and I am required okay because then I have the most to gain okay fantastic it's not to learn from this actually so now we always you know students of current generation is being more influenced or mean more attracted by this IT profession with so-called white-collar jobs the leadership talk of this kind from Ministry of Education Innovation Cell jointly with AICT CBSE is to promote more entrepreneurs and invite an you know entrepreneurs like you and motivate them to also step into this you know entrepreneurial journey that was our primary agenda of this program if I ask you what is the benefit of being an entrepreneur so that that will motivate them saying that okay so I also want to step into it few thoughts from you a lot of benefits I mean majority of benefits all of us already know about yeah that when you get to be your own boss and etc okay but I'll tell you the important things which give which keeps you going so that when you are into business and when you are an entrepreneur a kick that you have that when you solve a problem if I make five good decisions today you will see a big smile on my face and okay okay I work for that smile I work for that satisfaction yes money is is a very is money is a buy product okay I mean an entrepreneur I have seen great entrepreneurs in my life I've got an opportunity to meet and interact with smart chaps I have never seen anybody chasing money okay great but what I've seen them is I've seen them chasing satisfaction end of the day that they speak okay I built this I created this product I created this community I solved this challenge okay and now people are doing it better okay it's only because of me yes that sense of satisfaction supersedes with everything that comes with entrepreneurship yeah fantastic each and every yes so end of the day why why am I an entrepreneur is because solving challenges gives me a reason to work hard and to live my life okay that's good really and you know motivating factor because as a smile or happiness or satisfaction we always say job satisfaction you are satisfied by solving some problem which is benefiting huge market and the society running a business is is far far far more difficult than getting into a white color job that's a fact and I can say it in any platform it's because that in business you are not only solving a challenge rather you have so many people around you your vendors your employees yes people that you know the landlord that is office you have taken for rent all these people's life depends on your decisions yes yeah so it's a very responsible act yeah running a business is not something I mean look at what reliance industries has created they impact I mean millions of lives yes it's very important I mean forget about the customers I'm talking about the team that they have yes so running a business is a very very responsible act and you have to take it to very that's why I said you you can't run a business with only mind yes you said that satisfaction that's very important and when you do it better you get a great sense of satisfaction that okay I did this yes always we do that when we in the schooling school days are you know when we get a rank or we achieve certain things or we say like no we stand in some sports first so that satisfaction happiness gives so similarly that when you start solve a problem and that problem is benefiting the society you get that satisfaction yes that's what I mean I never worry about finance because I have elder brother who is taking he he signs match like he gets me clothes he gets good food to eat okay everything nice and my focus always is solving challenges yeah the rest I don't have to worry about anything else so happy and nice to hear the last question for you this question is from a ninth grade student he has an idea on automobile engineering he's asking you know how to start my startup so it's very you know blind way question which had been asked but still I want to put forward to understand from you interesting I mean if you have an idea in automobile engineering let's say in any other sector the rule is going to be same as I've been just speaking yes okay that so it's you should not start with the thought that you want to start I mean you should start when you think is the right time to start are you getting me so we both when me and my brother started we never really thought that we were going into business okay our focus was rather something as we wanted to get into a great institute do our phd's and you know do all that but we landed up in a different case all together it's because business was not the interest the interest was solving a problem okay that was a focus and then rest everything especially the money it came around okay with that so I would tell I mean any student who's whoever is thinking that okay I want to start no don't do it for the sake of starting it or doing it do it for the sake that you think that okay I'm done now ready enough and I'll be able to do it okay so when you think is that you are ready and you think you will be able to execute it in the best way and you get that confidence right mean if I'm if I'm if I'm getting out of my house my health is fine so I have a confidence okay I'll reach office I'll work hard yes but if I have a severe headache I'll not be confident to move on yes yes so you need to and that only I can tell and your parents can tell correct that when are you ready yes and the moment you're ready then shoot yourself to the market and okay okay fantastic it was a good uh learning from you also it's uh for sharing your experience like you know you started with we should solve the problem we should be persistent we should be hardworking we should be committed dedication 24 bar 7 these terminologies are you know really inspiring and it'll be uh inspiring I'm sure it'll be inspiring our students uh participants also you know few things which we want to highlight before we close the session the way you come said that you should be following our parents instruction they are the good mentors and you have been started uh everyone has you know buzzer following cricket we are all fan you know we have been more uh towards are you know following or watching cricket matches is a big fan if you see like no there is now T20 World Cups are going on we can see when some important matches no crowds are there in their routes so when the uh day and night matches when it happens starting as an interest towards cricket to want to become an sportsman started your journey you solved a problem then the problem had you know you got a satisfaction from that you followed your parents guidelines and they were the good success story for you to go and uh you said like you know every day night you talk to your parents and yeah list out the activities what you have done so all those things is a good uh learning I'm sure the participants the students across the country who is watching this program would have been inspired motivated we want through this program at least few students to you know step into the startup initiative from all the you know uh pin points you highlighted to become a successful entrepreneur so thank you for sparing your valuable time and uh being with us today uh it was really very much motivating and inspiring I also learned so many things along with this uh interaction so we called you today is to make sure that as an young entrepreneur at the age of 23 you have been able to reach at this height so congratulations and all the best to grow for better heights thank you once again for joining with us with this uh note on behalf of Ministry of Education Innovation Cell uh CBSE and AICT I sign off for uh from today's program myself Dr Ilangovan Ashton Innovation Director Ministry of Education Innovation Cell stay tuned on Ministry of Education Innovation Cell YouTube channel to listen to future leadership talk program thank you


From San Jose, in the heart of Silicon Valley, extracting the signal from the noise. It's theCUBE, covering OCP US Summit 2016, brought to you by OCP. Now your host, Jeff Frick and Stu Miniman. Hey, welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here with Stu Miniman. We are at OCP Summit, Open Compute Project Summit. It's really where open source meets hardware that drives the cloud. First started by Facebook a number of years back to really open up the Kimono, if you will, to their hardware infrastructure. Because as Stu said, it's not their core business. They want a lot of people to participate and really leverage their learning about hyperscale, bringing into a broader community that helps everybody really drive the cloud innovation. That's so important to everything that's happening in the technology world. And we're really excited to get a return visit from my guest from last year, James Lau, the founder and CEO of Pika8. James, welcome back. Glad to be here, gentlemen. Absolutely, and thank you again for your sponsorship to help theCUBE come to events like this. It really means a lot to us. So what's happened in a year since last we saw you? Well, I think the open network and the Y-Box network has made tremendous progress. You guys can see it over here. The whole OCP now is centralized on the networking side. Everybody is trying to figure out what's going on with networking, how to solve the networking problem. The biggest change we have seen in the last year is the ecosystem is coming together. And this goes really well with the announcement this morning about Microsoft is joining the OCP with the networking contribution as well. So we're seeing the Y-Box switching and the SDN are coming together with the ecosystem. And that really can solve the problem. And the ecosystem includes the application, includes the controller, includes networking opportunity system, includes a lot of platforms. So we're seeing over here that a lot of players are here to really push this forward and really solve the problem. Well, it's a great opportunity for you because people often talk, you know, there's Compute Store and the networking that the networking was really the laggard of those three in this kind of big move to big data in the cloud. So a terrific opportunity. Exactly, so I think the networking has been an independent industry for 20 years. People are trying to solve the Y-Box server problem, Y-Box storage problem, and they are inventing all kinds of software on top of server and storage. But networking always was an independent silo until three years ago with the SDN with Y-Box and people start to open up the networking and say, we need to solve this problem. Yeah, so James, I thought it was interesting to keynote. First of all, you were right. Networking seems to be the main topic talked about this week, but they walk through kind of the networking stack because it's not just one piece. It's not about, oh, let's change the hardware and you know, wedge is kind of interesting. You know, Microsoft has, they call their switch abstraction interface and then they have Sonic sitting on top of it. They've got a whole bunch of partnerships and a lot of environments. Can you talk about, you know, what's the challenge that Pika8 is looking to solve? Where do you fit in that stack? What are the partnerships that you're having, you know, as it relates to OCP and beyond? Absolutely, I think in the past three years, people have solved a lot of problems in the networking. So first of all, people start to be able to separate the networking hardware from the software. So this was a big achievement, but because once you can separate the hardware from the software, people can start to do the innovation. And then we start to realize you can separate. So I'm sorry, just a question because the white box tends to be some people don't understand it, what it is, where it is. Sure. I was talking to some Wall Street people and they said, you know, adoption of quote, white box switching, it's been flat for like two years. So can you explain for our audience a little bit about what it means to be, you know, white box, you know, where are we really seeing, how do the, you know, solutions that like, you know, Dell and Hewlett Packard Enterprise, are those white boxes, are they counted as something else?  I think white box itself has a lot of different definitions. Definitely it's confusing, but definitely we see bright box as part of the white box as well. And when they count the white box, they might not be thinking about that. But if you think about the adoption of a white box, there are three segments, really, really interesting in white box. The first one is data center. Everybody knows that service providers needs white box, they can reduce the cost, they can scale, they can optimize the traffic. And this is the segment that really knows about how to use the white box, not only on the server and storage, but also on the networking side. But if you move a little to a different segment, enterprise side, enterprise has been moving a little bit slower than data center, because they tend to be more conservative about what kind of service they want to use. So if you ask the enterprise servers or enterprise customers, they will think about, hey, white box, maybe it's not ready yet. But we're seeing very encouraging sign this past year, we partnered with the HP Enterprise on going to enterprise market. We saw a lot of interest over there. People look beyond Cisco, people look beyond Dell, and not Dell, I mean Juniper, those kind of providers, and looking into HP and Dell as alternative providers, not because it's cheaper, but because they provide certain flexibility, they can optimize their environment, reduce the operation cost, and then provide the service. There is another segment that people didn't realize, it was really interesting for networking, which is in the OEM business. In the past, networking has been an independent silo, and everybody building storage or security, they have to build around networking and compromise with the networking limitation. This is the first time that they can just take a white box, optimize the software for their application. So we are talking to a lot of different storage vendors, for example, they really want to optimize networking for their storage, instead of changing storage for networking. So we just announced the... Wait, wait, wait, say that once again, that's a pretty powerful statement. So in the past, they would change the storage based on the network, now you're saying they're changing their network based on the storage. Exactly. And this is the power of a white box, because in the past, for example, if I want to build an ice-cold cloud, I always have to think about, hey, networking cannot do this, I'm going to drop the packet, I'm going to lose the route, how do I recover from this kind of things? But now they're telling us that if I can build the white box into my OEM, if I can OEM the white box and put it into my storage cloud, how do you change the networking so that you can guarantee me you are not dropping the packet, you can deliver the packet to the rice server? And in this way, not only they have lower cost, they actually work around all the limitation they have on the networking side and build it as their differentiation. That's one of the market that people really underestimate how much networking can do to improve the performance of the application. Okay, so James, you know, we talk a lot about the hardware here at OCP, but if we change the hardware, really it's the software that really needs to understand, manage, handle that, and of course, you know, PK-8 is a software company, can you talk a little bit about, you know, where we are with SDN and kind of the value prop that PK-8 puts there? Right, so in the past three years, we've been focusing on several goals and we achieved them one by one. The first one is to separate the hardware from the software. It was a difficult stage step, but with OCP, together with OCP, we start to achieve that. People start to realize, hey, hardware, I can really pick any kind of hardware as long as I control the software. And then the next step we took was to separate the control plane from the data plane, which means that if I really want to change the traffic, I'm not limited by the control plane. But the next step is actually the hardest step and we can see a lot of different approaches trying to solve that problem. The last step or the last black box was actually the ASIC itself. There will be different ASICs, each one of them fit for different applications. And people start to think, hey, maybe every ASIC is different. It's the same. The truth is that every ASIC is different. So if you think about Brocon, for example, Brocon is very good at scalability of the performance. They fit very well into the data center. But KVM chip is very good at flexible pipeline, which means that if you want to optimize for your storage or security, they will be really good fit. And Dune chip has a big buffer if you want to optimize for your storage, you really want to have a big buffer in your networking. So every chip is a little bit different. But now in the past, nobody saw the chip. So now how do you open up the chip so that people not only can program the chip, also see the differentiation of the chip, bring it to the application level. That's the difficulty.  But I'd like to be able to have flexibility.  Facebook has this team of PhDs, Google has teams of PhDs. Do I need a team of PhDs to be able to leverage some of these new ASICs? Is this something that we're going to see in the broad markets or can you help unpack that? Sure, so I think there are many ways of solving the problem. You can definitely host a bunch of PhD and try to solve the single problem you have. But in the meantime, if you are a small house where you are enterprise, you really don't want to host a PhD and turn yourself into a networking vendor. You definitely want to look for a solution that really you can get a turnkey solution and really get the solution that solve your problem. So that's why building the partnership is really important. PICAI has the capability that really bring the differentiation of the chip to the application level. But we're partnering with many different partners. At the application level, we partner with, for example, HP. They have an app store that with a lot of turnkey solution. People can look into that and say, I want to turn this one. On the platform level, we have a lot of OEM or ODM partners like HP or Contran, we just announced it in Europe, or Edgecore that's trying to solve the data center problems. So these vendors provide not only low cost but really high performance platform, high reliability platform to customers. But then you get to the next step, look into the ASIC and say, what kind of ASIC can I use to solve my specific type of problem?  You can just rely on PICAI and then go with these partners, we'll present a turnkey solution and solve the problems. So James, I'm wondering if you can comment. There was big growth of the ODMs. And OCP kind of enables the ODMs to be able to reach broader markets. Yet the OEMs are also stepping forward and getting part of OCP. Do you see the line between ODMs and OEMs blurring? Where do you see that dynamic going? I think they are definitely blurring, but there are some fine lines between the two. I think it will eventually differentiate each one of them to go to a different market. So on the ODM side, they are much more flexible in changing the hardware customized to the things. And for big data center like Facebook or LinkedIn, they really want to have customized network gear that put it into their specific type of rack. So this is the market that ODM will do very well. But in the enterprise side, they need reliability, they really need a good support on the hardware side. So people like HP will go really well into the enterprise side. But don't forget, even though everything is looking the same, there are always rooms for innovation. So for example, HP can easily create a turnkey solution integrated with a specific kind of ASIC they want to use and presented to specific type of customers. So for example, the storage network, they need a deep buffer. Who can really create a deep buffer gears for enterprise? You not only need the gear, you need the chip, and you need the software to drive it too. So HP is in the good position to solve that problem. But if you go to data center, they have their own way of solving that problem. They don't really need a vendor to come in to solve that software problem for them. They will just go with the ODM to solve, to get the low cost, the high performance scalable platform to solve it. So we have a great interview, James, with Martin Casado from Nassira who with VMware now is at Andreessen Horowitz. And it's a funny story, he's talking about SDN, the journey to SDN. He says, every year I come on, we're getting closer, stay with me, stay with me. It sounds like we're really there, but I wonder if you can share your perspective on, how do you leverage open source and still maintain innovation and competitive advantage? Those things to the outside world maybe look like they're opposed. How do you leverage the one and still find that opportunity to be innovative and separate your products from your competition? Exactly. So I think in a way that if you look at the market, there are only very few users can really download everything from the open source community and then put together something and then feel comfortable putting into production environment without knowing who is going to support it. Google can do it, Facebook can do it, but if you go to an enterprise and say, hey, you want to do it? They say, no, this is not something we can do, right? They need somebody to put together the solution, but open source indeed helping everything move forward. Why is that? Because first of all, if you have an open source, the hardware people know what kind of software they can run on the hardware. So they tend to unify the hardware platform and that will help us too. And then secondly, for us we have our key differentiation on optimizing the networking traffic for a vacation. This is something that open source cannot do for customers, but in the meantime we can leverage open source to solve some of the problems that everybody has already solved. So for us, layer two, layer three, for example, is not a key differentiation. People need layer two, layer three to scale the traffic? Yes, but they need the support. They don't need a new layer two, layer three protocol to tell them what to do. But in the meantime, you can really create some of the differentiation by telling people, hey, you can optimize this for your application. I can optimize the buffer usage, for example, so that you don't drop the packet or I can do the traffic engineering so that you don't follow the layer two, layer three rules. All right, James, so they're telling us we're out of time, but I'm going to give you the last word. We saw you last year. We're going to see you next year. Give me real quick three things you're working on for the next 12 months. Boom, boom, boom. I think the SDN and Warbox are here. They are ready. We're going to see growth, good growth of the revenue and customer base. We will continue to build a partnership. You are going to see more and more vendors partnering with each other and we definitely are reaching out to all the players. And we're going to see a lot of use cases from first mover customers because this is going to be the exciting time. People understand networking is the barrier and we have to work together to solve that problem. All right, James Lout, founder of PGA. Thanks again for stopping by. Thank you. Jeff Briggs, Stu Miniman. We are live in San Jose at Opel KPU Project Summit 2016. We'll be back with our next guest after this short break. Thanks for watching.