Hey guys, Chef Shaybear here. Today we're going to be making ribs. We're going to make them in the Dutch oven. It's actually a camp oven, but we're going to make them in the Dutch oven, in the oven. Stick around. Okay guys, the first thing, these should be fall off the bone when we get done with them. The first thing you're going to want to do, get you some paper towels here, and all this membrane, all this membrane here, you're going to take that off this.  I am going to leave in the pan and cook, and this can be Bruno's food, or you can leave it on. Normally I do, but that's a lot of it, so I figured Bruno might want some. So we're just going to get this started first. You want to peel this membrane off, and I do it every time. Every time I cook ribs, I just go ahead and do this. Sometimes it can be finicky, but just stay with it, and you can get all that off of there, because that's going to help make these ribs nice. I'm going to have to cut them in half. It's going to make them nice and tender, but find different spots you can peel in. Different spots you may be able to get a hold of better, like that. I have started it, just take a knife, and a smaller knife than this works better, but you get the idea.  It's okay, it doesn't hurt to leave it on. I have left it on before. I mean it's not bad. They just won't fall off the bone if that's what you're looking for. If it doesn't matter if they do or not, you can leave it on. Now we've got it started. I also washed this off, and I just pat dried it with a paper towel.  I prefer to leave it on. Again, it's up to you. It is healthier if you take it all off, but I find it removes some of the flavor. So there we go.  I may have to do it in thirds, which I think I will. I just get in between the bones. Just cut it right down through. Just like that. Let's try here. I want to get me a meat cleaver for cutting through areas like this. This knife is sharp. This is that has seen on DV knife. I've never sharpened it. I've had it for a couple years, and this is my go-to knife. Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to get some mustard out, and I'm going to put some nice hunk of meat there. I'm going to put some mustard on this, and then I'll put some seasoning on. I'll show you what seasoning I'm going to use. Hang tight. Okay, so now we've got our mustard here. I'm going to shake it up very good. My mustard here. I'm going to get in all these nooks and crannies. I've got some vegetables already chopped. I'm not going to keep showing you guys that, because to me that's kind of boring. If you want a recipe or want to get into it, this is my recipe. Like I said, a lot of people, if you do something they'll say, oh you shouldn't do that. It doesn't come out right. Well, if it tastes fine to you, it came out right. You know what I mean? That's the way I look at it. Let me give my little brush here. I'm not going to be using barbecue sauce in this today. Like I said, we've got to watch the sugar for monkey and her mom. Now there's a barbecue sauce they can use that's less in sugar and whatnot. But this would take a really even a lot of that. So I am going to use some Worcestershire sauce. Worcestershire. Everyone finds it hard to say. But to me, if you even get close, we know what you're talking about. So don't worry about it, you know? So, all right, there's that. And we're also going to be putting a beer in it. She got me Canadian pills in there. Because she said it doesn't matter and I'm like, no. Because she's going to be cooking with it. She's like, do you read that? I'm like, no, it's Lebat Blue. And then I was like, oh yeah, that's right. It's Canadian because she's Canadian, you know? So I thought that was pretty funny. She always, always razz each other about it. Okay, so I'm going to set that there. Let me get my seasonings out and we'll start seasoning this. Okay, so I kind of moved you over a little bit. Different angles so I can get in here a little bit better. Seasonings I'm going to be using steak seasoning. I'll use all that up because I go through a lot of that. I want to be using garlic powder. Now you can by all means use regular garlic, you know, fresh cloves of garlic, which I usually put in the bottom of the pan, crush some and rub it on. But also like this garlic powder. And so that's what I'm going to be using today. I do have regular garlic in there, but I just thought I, I like to change things up every once in a while. We just got our seasoning salt, which is of course lilies. It's just, it's whatever you prefer. That's, that's kind of my favorite. My go-to and it's reasonable. It's cheap. Does that look blurry to you guys? I just got some sea salt here, paprika, and some lemon pepper. Okay, so just going to, and I'm going to do this on both sides, but I'll just show you the one side. Like I said, a lot of people will do a 17 to 20 minute video. Half of it is just seasoning both sides. You see one side and you pretty much know what the other side's supposed to be, you know? So, let me get this off of here. There we go. All right, now garlic powder. I just had her pick that up for me. You can put it. I'm not going to tell you a teaspoon of this, because if you ask me, a teaspoon of salt and a teaspoon of pepper, you cannot taste in anything. So, I'm not going to, I'm just putting it on until it looks good to me, you know? And I know about how much, you know, flavor each one of these are, because this is usually what I use, unless it calls for something different, like termac or something like that. Then I'll check it, but like I said, it's a teaspoon of any kind of seasoning you're not going to taste. I don't care what anybody says. Just put a teaspoon in there. That's more than enough. In my book, if you can't taste it, it wasn't enough.  But like certain seasonings may take more than others, you know? Like, like if you're going to be using like the crab boil or the slap your mama stuff, which by the way is very excellent stuff. You're going to want to use less of that because it does not take a whole lot of that. Put some paprika on here. I like the smoked paprika, but I've been out and I keep forgetting to pick it up and she'll always message me, I'm leaving the store now, do you need anything else? I'm like, no, I'm good. And then when I start making them like, man, I wanted smoked. Okay, so what I'm going to do now is I'm going to do this exact step to the other side. And then I'll take you over to the pan. I'll show you what I'm going to do with the pan at the pan. Okay, now what I'm going to do is I've got some yellow peppers here. I'm going to put in the bottom of this thing. I've got some onion. I'm just making a bed. This is just a small, just small Dutch oven. Like I said, it's more of a camp oven. Okay, so I'm just going to put some of these in here. And I've got some red pepper again. You don't have to put this stuff in there. Make it how you want it. Now I'm going to put our meat on top of here and put, I don't know if this is all going to fit. Excuse me, man. All right, let's see if it'll fit. Yes, it will fit. On this little fit, you'll be fine. I'm going to just put a couple more up on here for good measure. If you're going to be using barbecue sauce, just put each layer, I need a 16 inch, put barbecue sauce on, like put your meat on, put barbecue sauce on, another piece of meat, barbecue sauce. You know what I mean, layer it or however you want to do it. Again, like the salt, a lot of us can't have salt. I say, I don't know why, but if you can't have salt, I found that that no salt is a great substitute for it. It does kind of taste like salt. Nothing's as good as original, but there are alternatives. Okay, now I'm going to get my other stuff and I'm going to show you what I'm going to do with it. Okay, now what I'm going to do, which I don't know of any rib recipe that calls for this, but I got some, I got three boyine cubes here. I'm just going to just stick them right down in there. I'll put one under here. Those would dissolve. I like a lot of flavor, but I don't like too much. It's kind of like, if I go to a barbecue place and I see them really dumping like half a gallon of barbecue sauce on my meat, I'm wondering, what are they trying to hide?  We went to a restaurant one time in Mount Dora, a monkey and I ordered the lasagna and I mean, it just came out. It was just, just nothing but spaghetti sauce or lasagna. So I mean, that's all we could taste. I don't want to do that. If you like it that way, by all means do it that way, but you don't have to. Now this is a, I don't know what this is. It's a tall boy. I don't know how many ounces, but okay, this is 24 ounces, which would be two regular cans of beer. So I'm going to put about, oh, about half of this in here. Like I said, if you're worried about alcohol content, do not worry because it will cook out. But if you're still kind of self-conscious about that, some people don't like to have a beer in the house because of past experiences, personal problems or whatever.  And you'll be fine. Or you can just leave it out. You can put, I seen a recipe, I was watching a little while ago, a guy put Dr. Pepper in his. You can put Coca Cola, whatever. You know, it's your recipe. That's why I'm not giving it like certain amounts of seasoning because you've seen what I put on.  I really don't like that because it's too much of one thing or another. So you know what you like and you know what your taste buds are like. Just kind of sample with it and stuff. It does not have to be, you know, perfect. That's why I don't give a lot of, a lot of like teaspoons and stuff like that in my recipes because that's, to me, a recipe is just, okay, here you go. This is what you can use. This is what you got. Now run with it. You know, it's just kind of a suggestion to me is what any recipe is. Unless it's something like bacon bread, you got to kind of be precise on that, you know. But as far as this goes, something like seasoning steaks, you don't have to put any seasoning on. If you just want the meat flavor, that is totally up to you. Just use water.   Well, just try it again. Only use what you want to use. You know what I mean? Instead of a lot of pepper, you don't like pepper. Well, it's probably not a good idea to put it in. Follow what I'm saying. So just leave it out. Substitute some things. Now I've got my oven preheated to 350 degrees. Now I'm going to put this in the oven at 350 degrees for two and a half hours to start. And I'll check them. And if the bones are real loose, then I'll know it's done. If not, I'll let it go to three hours. But yeah, this is a long, this is a, it takes long, but it doesn't take long to prepare. So, you know, you just put stuff in there and run with it. And then you go, if it's your first time, then you can go, okay, I added a little bit too much seasoning salt or too much pepper, not enough pepper, not enough salt or whatever the case may be. But liquids do flavor it. You'll get different flavors from, say, a beer to Dr. Pepper to just water. Like I said, I put the beef boating cubes in there. If you don't have beef boating cubes, but you want some flavor, try this. Put some chicken boating cubes in there. It kind of gives it a mix. It gives it a little zing till it's like, wow. There's something in there your guests will be like, well, this is amazing. What is it? And then you can say, that's my secret ingredient. So, not a bad beer. Actually, it's pretty smooth. But, so let's into the oven it goes. And I'll see you guys for me in about two and a half to three hours. But for you, it'll just be a second. So, don't go away. And we'll be back and we'll see what we got. Okay guys, it's been three hours. I checked them at two and a half. They were okay, but I thought I'd give them another, another 30 minutes. Let's get our tongs out here. So, it's been exactly three hours. Oh, look at that. Bones are coming out. Oh, nice and tender. Yes. And the third one. Yes, you can see the bones are coming right out of there. Now, what you can also do, you can throw these on the grill for a couple of minutes. If you want before you cook them. I didn't do that or you can sear them in a pan. And here's some of the fat that we had cut off earlier at the beginning. That's going to be Bruno. So, can't give him an onion. Okay. Now, what I'm going to do, put some of these, some of this broth in here in the potatoes. Now these potatoes, excuse me, I cooked for about 30 minutes. I just kept adding a little bit of water. I made them kind of soft. I just cut them in thin slices and stirred them quite a bit. These only checked one time. So, I checked them at two and a half hours exactly. And we just pulled them out. Been about three hours almost exactly. Let me grab a plate here. I think monkey's going to be itching for a bite of these here. Let me get you close up in here. Nice, huh? Like I said, you can brown them first if you want. Grab a fork here and a knife. Wow. See, easier one to cut here. This has still got that all that meat back in there runs through here so far up. What you can also do, get her a piece cut up here, she can also do is pull the bones out after they're cooked. There's monkey and you can just have just pure meat. Look at that. So, I guess monkey's here ready to give it a shot. I mean, really, you can see you just pull it apart with a fork if you wanted. All right, so I'm going to give monkey a nice big fork of this and I'll get you turned around to her. Monk, I'm going to turn you around here or turn those guys around here so they can see you better. Okay, Monk, give it a shot. See what you think. Mm, that's good. They tender? Mm-hmm. All right, that's cool, huh? And got flavor? Well, I hope. Mm-hmm. Very good. Oh, man. My main concern was if they were tender enough. Oh, yeah. Mm-hmm. Nice. Okay, well, there you go. Monkey, I'm sure is going to get ready to start tearing into these things, huh? Mm-hmm. She's going to make her mom's plate for her, and I'm going to get mine. It'll be pretty good. There's the vegetables in there in that pan. Okay. And I put some of that broth on to the potatoes, so. That's going to be good. I'm ready, ready, ready. All right, she's ready. So, I'm going to say she barely met the man a legend. Well, for now, thanks for watching, guys, Monk. Anything you want to say? My such stuff for now. Okay, well, there you guys go. It's real simple and easy. Just pull the membrane off the back of them things and season them how you want them. Throw them in a crock pot. Throw them in one of these cast iron. These don't have to be used on the fire. Mm-hmm. You know, I didn't do it because I didn't know if it was going to rain. I didn't know it was a little breezy, and then it wasn't. And it does go through a lot of charcoal. So, I just threw in many of them. 350 degrees. That's Fahrenheit. I cooked these for three hours, two and a half hours. They would have been fine. I just wanted a little more tender. So, you just throw your stuff in there. Walk away from it for a few hours. Yeah. Yeah. So, anyway, guys, thanks for watching. Appreciate it. And we'll see you soon. Hopefully, you have a great week coming up. And is that it, Mom? Yeah. All right. We'll see you guys later. She's ready to eat. Bye-bye, guys, and take care.


Yeah, so should we do go it's 26 over, so I guess we can go. Yeah. Yeah. Okay, so can you see my my my screen now this metaprogramming notebook. Okay, perfect. So first I'll give a quick motivation of what is metaprogramming and why is it important. Then as motivation example one quick application of metaprogramming so we will use a macro and macro is like the hero of metaprogramming and we will show how we can use macros to make code development easier and cleaner. And then finally we will talk about how to do metaprogramming ourselves so expressions in Julia and create our own macros. So metaprogramming in a nutshell is programming about programming. So when you do metaprogramming you write a code that writes code. And the reason for which you can do it in Julia is that Julia is what the language theory it's called homo iconic language, which means that in Julia, Julia code has a type. In Julia represents Julia code itself with the data with a data type. So in Julia you can represent Julia code. And so when I create a macro and in Julia macro as distinguished by this at symbol. So yesterday we saw something at the time. For example, if I run this it will time how long it takes to run this function. And what this at macro does this at macro is a function. Well it's a macro but what is a macro macro is kind of a function which takes his input Julia code. So the input of the macro is the Julia code. And the way is Julia code is represented is as an expression. So when he takes this macro it takes his input Julia code parsed in abstract syntax tree. So it knows the Julia syntax and it can like analyze it and modify it. And we will see it soon. And before we get starting to see how macros are used how to create macros and how to represent expressions. Let's see a simple example when metaprogramming can make our life easier. So I want to define like yesterday type struct my integer. Okay, which has just a type which is an integer, similar to what we did yesterday. Okay. Now, suppose I want to define the operations on these so I want to define addition multiplication subtraction division on the integers. I want it to do the same thing that would do a normal integers. So what I would like to define. I want to define that plus of X, my integer, and why my integer is my integer of X. I want to define my integer of X plus type a plus X plus why so just my integer with the sum of the integers inside my integers.  Because I need to type a lot of mechanical code, because the structure is exactly the same operator X my integer y my integer equals to my integer attribute of the first same operator attribute of the second. And that's extremely annoying like I don't want to do it myself because I want to write a code which will generate for me all this repetitive code because I'm lazy. And so how do we do it. Okay, first, short interlude if I want to extend this efforts to import base plus minus times a division between two integers is not an integer so let's take just plus minus multiplication. And now I can define those functions, but instead of defining each one manually, I will write a macro in a for loop that does it for me. So I will start with a for operator in and now I give a list of operators or plus. And now when I put this column here, it means that it's a symbol. So this is the symbol plus. This is the symbol minus. And this is the symbol. No, of course doesn't work now. At this point, it's okay to think that the symbol it's similar to a string. It's actually very different, but for our purposes you can think of it just as a symbol indeed just as a string. Okay. Then what I want to do is that I want to define the plus of a my integer and be my integer. So what I would like to define this plus a my integer be my integer is equal to my integer a plus a plus a plus. That's my goal. And now if we observe the structure, the first symbol is the operator. So just like string interpolation, we do now expression interpolation so dollar sign up and this will interpolate like substitute here the value of up, which will be plus minus star. So then I will do a my integer be my integer equal to my integer a plus. Sorry. So now, if it's the first time you do this a thing you will probably do the same mistake that I was about to do. So you probably now would like to write a plus a dollar up be plus a it's a very common mistake I did it a lot of times I still do it. But that doesn't really work. So you cannot use you cannot interpolate the expression with infix notation. So you need to write it like this. Okay. This now is an expression. It's a valid syntax of Julia code. Because when I replace operator with plus this will treat the plus my integer a my integer be my integer equal to my integer of a plus a dot a. This is a, oh no. This is valid. See Julia syntax valid syntax code. And now I give these syntax this Julia code to a macro and particularly give it to the macro eval. So what this eval macro does it takes this Julia code as input. And well, actually it's just execute it so it doesn't do any manipulation just takes this code and execute it. And it will do when operator is plus minus multiplication all the time for each one. So let's run this cell now. And now you see I haven't defined plus I haven't defined minus. But now I can do my integer of my can do my integer one plus my integer. And it works. And I didn't need I can also do my integer show minus my integer three and it works and I didn't need to manually write that I've wrote a code which brought the code for me. So that's very cool. That's one thing where metaprogramming is very good at them. Why is eval needed here. It is because only then the op gets replaces. Okay, so this will become clear when we talk like about macros how macros are structured. But the idea is that the macro takes an expression and it well first you can do some manipulation then executes that expression. So we needed eval macro because we needed to evaluate this expression so we needed to execute the Julia code. Otherwise without the macro this would be just a symbolic expression would be just a set of symbols, but you wouldn't actually run the code. So can you show what happens if you just type in the expression without eval. Yeah, so just to see. Yeah, I mean, yeah, so if actually if I do like this it will run an error because now it expects that this is like real code. And I have this dollar op. But in a second I will show when we talk when we talk how expression structure. So, but long story short that is eval, it takes this code, it stores it as an expression. And then, well eval just executes it. So it does nothing it's like a trivial macro. It takes the code that stores this expression executes the expression. So just like a function x which return x basically but yeah you need to evaluate each one and then this dollar op interpolates the value of the variable op. So in this expression replace this op with the plus. Okay. And so this was one of the main applications of macros which is avoid the repetitive code. But if you have a lot of functions which are very regular, you can write a macro which generates all the codes for that. Now. So we, I have mentioned these expressions. But what are expressions. Well, that's the fine one. If I type just normal Julia code like this equal one and this is a trivial Julia code. If I put it around the parenthesis and put a I'm terrible with punctuation column a column before it. Yeah. I'm not sure if you meant to make this so markdown or not, but there's no syntax I think because of no I didn't say this markdown. Yeah, thank you. Okay, so if I take Julia code, rub it in parentheses and put the column about before it. It creates an expression. So this is an expression and an expression is a data structure to represent Julia code. So the only limitation is that the thing inside expression must have a valid Julia syntax. So if I try to do something like for example, these. This is sometimes how you represent and half of an interval but this is not the valid Julia syntax. It gives an error, because this is not valid Julia syntax. But if I give a valid Julia syntax like this, then this will make the font a bit bigger. So probably by using the windows. Okay, that works. Is this good. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, sorry for that.  So what this eval macro does it first takes this Julia code, you can think it puts these parentheses and colon around it so it stores it and expression. And well, the eval is very trivial because it just executes the expression so just returns the expression executes it just like a wax on wax off. But in principle inside the macro, when you get the expression, you can do modifications you can change it you can alter it to Julia code that you can add pieces replace pieces, remove pieces. And to understand it. Let's see how the expression is stored. So the fundamental function when we work with the expressions is a dump. And sometimes I tend to write down by accident and not be included just like me. So if we dump the expression. Now this will print the internal representation of the expression.  So I don't know how many of you are familiar with the concept, but basically you can think of an abstract syntax three of as a representation of the expression so here this was the expression a equal one. The head tells us what is the outermost operator. So when I do a equal one. This is like the, the thing that I executed when assignment. So it's telling me that this expression is an assignment operator. And then it gives the arguments. So the, as the arguments, the inputs of this assignment operator are a and one and they're stored here as a list a and one. Let's take a slightly bigger example. So let's create an expression, which is a plus B times the C for example, like this. Okay. And now let's look at the abstract syntax three. Now we see says that this is a fun a call. So this is like a statement that execute I sort of like call this I execute this line. And then says what are the arguments of this call. Well, the arguments is the first is this symbol multiplication. So this is the outermost operation now. And these multiplication has two inputs. Now, the expression and the symbol C. And this expression here is this a plus B. So it's this again, this a plus B is an expression which is a call. So it's like a statement which execute the and the arguments are the function which execute the and its inputs. And if you want it's actually a very funny exercise I suggest you to do that you just write Julia code that wrap it inside the make it an expression and study what it looks like. So this is like a nice way of like, how would I say good procrastination study how Julia code is represented, for example, we could do that the expression is if a is greater than one good like this, then know if what I want to do. I mean, for example, we can create an array 123 plus 123 that's valid Julia syntax. And then we can look at how it's represented. And now we see this is a function call.  And the inputs are again expressions and what expressions were a vector an array. So this here is these array vector inputs 123. And this is this array vector 123. And now maybe you start to see like the cool power of metaprogramming and macros. It's that if I get this expression representation of Julia code, I can go through the tree I can change the things I can modify and create a new Julia code. So, for example, now I have this code, this expression 123 plus 123. And now suppose I want. So I want to see what it is I want to check the head of the expression, I can do X dot the head. And you'll say that this expression it's a call. Then if I do head dot the arcs. It will. Yeah, X dot. It will print the list of arguments. And now, for example, if I want to change the plus to minus I can do X dot arcs one. So the first one, the plus and I can replace it with the minus like this. And now if I look at the expression again. Now it's 123 minus 123. Another is that now I have a data structure to represent Julia code, and I can play with the code I can do whatever I want with the code. However, with great powers come great responsibilities. So this going through the syntax tree and checking that it's by the syntax is what the compiler generally does.  You don't like destroy the code and you don't introduce invalid syntax. So now, for example, if I would replace the minus sign with something that doesn't make sense like a true. Okay. Yeah, now it, it creates this known sense where it's not sense. Can you have a function in true? I don't know. But anyway, even if it's theoretical love that would argue it's not with practice. So now, when you replace the minus you said that now I'm a function called the true which is called to two arguments, vector 123 and vector 123. And this is names are not allowed to start with numbers. Okay, so I guess at least in in actual code. Yeah, I guess we can try which are two valid. Oh, yeah, because now I give you so eval x. Yeah, and now it says no that doesn't make sense you cannot a integer is not callable. The reason why I used the eval function and not the eval macro is that now this x is already an expression it's already written with the parentheses and colon. So it's already like stored as expression, the eval macro it's used when you write as Julia code so without money put in the parentheses like that. Yeah. Now, to give a taste of why metaprogramming could be useful. Suppose you want to time a function so yesterday we saw this at the time round, which can measure how long it takes. It's not the best way to benchmark but it's okay. Now for the purposes, if you want to time how the function, if you want to measure how long a function takes, how would you do it like manually if you had to do it manually. Probably like start by first like setting a timer so something like this start equal time now that's not the right function in Julia I don't know how to get the current time but you like to something like get current time something like this. Then you would execute the function measure the new time at this top get the current time and return this top minus this start. That's what you would like to do so you would like to wrap the function that you want to measure inside these so first set the timer run the function. Take the new time and the difference is the measured time. And you don't want to do it manually every time you don't want to write all the lines this way. So what the time macro does in practice it does exactly this. So it takes this function and then puts some other code before and after it. Now you probably don't believe me so I show you. I went looking for the source code of the time macro inside the Julia source code, because you know it's open source so so everybody can read the source code. Okay, I guess it doesn't matter if it's a little out of the cell so that's how the macro is defined. So this expression starts with macro similar to function but now it's macro, the name of the macro and the input so this expression. And now, if. So this expression is the code that I'm giving it in this case it would be around. Okay, quote and it's just another way of doing the parentheses and colon. So if it's a longer code it might be annoying to write in parentheses and colon. So you can do quote and write longer pieces of code. So it's but this is the same of creating expression so this is an expression. It creates expression with what and then it adds some code before. I don't know what it is some compiler heuristics but you see it's at some point it takes the elapsed the time. So it measures the time before executing. Then now we have this dollar X. I'm not going to talk about this ask because it's a little beyond, but forget about ask at the moment. This is similar to what we had before so dollar X the interpolation. So now it's assigning the result of this function to a local variable. And then it's measuring the time again after the execution and subtracting the starting time from it. So you see it's wrapping these lines of code around our original code. And that's what a macro does. It allows you to manipulate code like add code, remove code, modify code. So it's a very powerful way to create code. And one peculiarity of the macros is that a macro master return an expression. So this quote and is an expression and the expression which is returned is also executed. So this actually what a macro does it. Now I want my cloud. What a macro does. So first stores the input code as expression. It does something what you want to do like add the code before the code after and so on and so on. Return an expression. So you remember from yesterday in Julia. The last line is executed. So this is like return what and so it's returning this expression. And evaluating the expression. Which means it converts it back to Julia code so from expression to Julia code and it runs that code. So basically with a macro it's what I would do what I did before manually you remember I've wrote the expression manually and then I use the ball. The macro does this writing expression and eval in one step. There are questions. Not in the chat. Okay, no. Do we have time for a small demo. Maybe. Before that. I will start writing the feedback section. Oh, yeah, that's a great point. Yeah, that's a fantastic. Okay, well just, I'll just do the end speech so I mean, I don't have much to say except thanks for for joining us for coming on the course thanks also for the great questions and for helping us improve the material for later. Yeah, I will basically write the same kinds of things that we had in the, in the feedback section yesterday. I will also add a separate question about each of the sections. But yeah, just anything just write something positive also. But especially anyway we can improve this course because he are running it for the first world essentially the second time. Yeah, really the first time. So, yeah, thanks for attending and I will let Luca continue while I write it back and be so it can then go over time if you want to. So that's maybe a little too mathematical example, I'm sorry for, I hope it doesn't bother anyone but basically the Wilkinson polynomial is this polynomial defined like these are so for example, like X minus one times X minus two times X minus three times X minus four times X minus five would be like the polynomial of degree five.  And this is an example where. Well, you could write a function for that so you could write a function Wilkinson, which takes the order and and the point at which you want to evaluate. And then you can compute. So this would be the product of a minus I for I in 12 like this. That's pretty much rewriting the function. So I can create it like this. And the last thing that I could also do is that I would like to generate this expression. So as I did here manually I brought like manually that the P five of X is this I brought manually this function. And what does what are the advantages of like writing like this, compared to writing like this, the advantages is this is now a constant expression so the compiler can optimize this can do some smart things. X minus one up to X minus five it's still okay to write manually, but I don't want to write manually X minus six X minus seven until X minus 100. Okay, so I would like to. I would like to create this expression, I would like to generate this expression so what I want to do. I want to create a macro. Make Wilkinson and which takes as input a number and and returns this function creates this function. That's what I wanted to do. I want to write a macro which generates for me a function to compute the Wilkinson polynomial of a degree and and okay, let's do it. So when I created this macro is and is now a number. So first I initialize my expression so X now this X minus one and must be at least one will be X minus one like this, this expression. So now I want to add the pieces to this expression. So what I want to do is that for I in to when I want to add the X minus two X minus three X minus four and so on until X minus and. So what I will do X. Okay, is an expression. And then the first part will be X. And now I must use this dollar sign because I'm interpolating inside the expression. If I just wrote it like this. Then it would just put the symbol X here, whereas I want to put the content of the variable X inside the expression. So I must interpolate. And then I add the piece, which I want to times X minus. And again, now I must put the dollar I, because if I wrote just like this it would add the X minus I like it would add these to the expression. When I put the dollar it interpolates it and creates this X minus I. All right. Okay, let's change the definition little that let's have it also take a second. Parameter which is the name. Okay, so the order and the name of how I want to call the function. And then I want to construct the function I want you to look like for example that if the name is p five p five of X equal X minus one times blah blah blah.  I already constructed here. It's this one. Now I want to add this piece here. So again what I do, I create the expression name so now I'm interpolating the name. And X equal. I'm not sure but let's put it to be say X equal X. So now in this expression here inside the on the right side of the equal sign will put the content of this expression. And on the left side will create replace the name with the value of the name that will create an expression which looks like this. And since this is a macro, this expression which is returned will also be automatically evaluated, so it will actually like generate the code and execute the code. So let's write.  Let's first prove that I don't have p six p six not the final. I want to make Wilkinson six degree six and I want to call it p six.


Good afternoon, everyone, and Aloha. Thank you for joining me on Think Tech Hawaii. I am Shanta Park, your host for Money Talk. I am a business owner and investor, passionate about helping people understand how money works. Today I have Brandon Loresco, who is a certified college consultant. Brandon and his team actually helped my family when my daughter, Shayna, was a junior in high school. And with their education and guidance, it helped her to go to Western Oregon University with scholarships and financial aid. Without their guidance, without their education, we probably would not have been able to do that and do that with very little stress. And because of their expertise, again, we were able to get my daughter, who was the first in my family to leave Hawaii and go to college in the mainland. And Brandon has been a certified college consultant for over five years. And he has so much experience in this field, both personally and professionally. So he is here today to share with you very valuable information on financially planning for college that can help families go from zero to millions with financial education. So Brandon, I'm excited to have you here today. Welcome to the show. Awesome, Aloha. Thank you, Shayna, for having me on your show. It's great that I could be here to share based on my experience on how college can be affordable with looking at some myths, tips, and if there's extra time, helping those who are already graduated how we can help them out as well. Awesome. So before we get started with that, please share a little bit more about your personal background and how you got started in being a certified college consultant. Right, so I actually graduated from Campbell High School, class of 2016. And through that time, I was attending some programs that helped me with college planning. And I just wanted to seek other resources. And that's when I came across a program where I am now certified. And through that process, I was able to get accepted to HPU and in total from all institutional scholarships and other outside scholarships, I was awarded more than $400,000. And what I used was $100,000, including full tuition to attend Hawaii Pacific University, which I now graduated from past of 2020 with a marketing and a finance minor. So today, I am very proud to help families look at how they can tackle college planning and career planning. And I'm glad I could see how this program has helped myself and now be able to help people as a consultant. Yes, and one of those people were my daughter. So thank you so much for that. And being awarded over $400,000, that is fantastic. And that's such useful information that so many families need to know because I'm sure not only you, but many other people could really use that kind of help. So, and like you said, you used over $100,000 for Hawaii Pacific University, correct? Right, so I was able to use $100,000 from HPU as well as have extra outside scholarships. But what really happened is that even though I had full tuition to attend that university, I still had to take out some loans. And now I wanna share with people, even though having full tuition is great, college can be very expensive because you gotta think about adorning books, technology and other fees. And I wanna be able to be a resource and help people understand that if I can help them be able to get just enough scholarships or even get more financial aid than myself, then I'm happier helping them out. Yeah, most people wouldn't think, including myself that if a person got full tuition, that you would even then still have to take out some student loans. Yes. And you did study abroad as well? Correct, yeah, I studied abroad in Korea studying business at two different universities. And that's why I actually chose Hawaii Pacific University because they could allow me and even use some of the financial aid and scholarships to help take care of those costs. Okay, so two different universities in Korea? Correct, yeah, I went to the countryside. You learned Korean in South Korea? No, just all in South, so countryside. All in South Korea. So share a little bit more about that, not too many Hawaii students study abroad. Mm-hmm, yeah, so I saw that attending Hawaii we're in a melting pot of different cultures and I wanted to really experience another country, especially in Asian country. And it's all about what you could get qualified for and what you could test into getting. And Korea had some great universities and they had some awesome programs that gave me a stipend, covered my dorm. So this has allowed me to not just get an education here, but extend and broaden my horizons in another country. And I loved it so much after one semester break attending back here, I went back again. Oh, nice. I've never been only to the airport, so I would love to travel there with you. That's a good plan. Okay, so tell me about how we can tackle paying off college. Mm-hmm, right, so we could take a look at the first slide, but if you look at the different costs and way to tackle it, we all understand that college is rising in cost. And we could pay in scholarships, loans, work study, grants and other programs, but really the bigger one that you wanna look at is financial aid. Because at the end of the day, one area that we probably don't wanna use to pay for our cost is probably our auto pocket, our own money. That could be a big headache for some of us. And that's why I wanna shed light and looking at how there's different types of financial aid, one being financial need-based and the second being merit-based. And today we will highlight and look over how financial need-based and how we can qualify for that. Okay, great, thank you. And according to a new national college attainment network analysis, it shows, statistics show that the high school class of 2021 left an estimated 3.75 billion in Pell grants on the table by not completing the free application for federal student aid. That's crazy. So, how would this affect families today? Right, it's crazy to see that there's unclaimed grants and just aid that's available. And if we were to look at the average student, they could receive in Pell grant about 4,500. So what does that billion dollars make up? There could be about 800,000 families and students who could have gotten this aid. And just doing this free application for federal student aid, this allows you to be eligible for it, but many families may have not submitted applications simply because of not believing in it and not having enough information and maybe just having some misconceptions that had led them to not fill it out. About 800,000 families, that's so many families that were left behind not applying to get this grant. So explain how does the family become eligible for this financial aid? Right, so when they, we see that over time, there's a lot of decreasing number of students applying for FAFSA. And if we know FAFSA in this next slide, we will see that when we fill up this application, it's all about, what are we gonna get in financial need? So we have the cost of attendance minus the expected family contribution equals financial need. So what we learn over here is that, of course, you're looking at colleges and you're gonna see the cost of attending it from tuition, dorming meals, books, other such. And then the expected family contribution or the EFC, this is where the FAFSA comes into play, where you are able to input your income, your assets as a student and parent and will determine how much you are expected to put into school, leaving you with just this financial need. And this financial need will give you a student aid report, award letter when you, what kind of loans, grants, scholarships you could get from the federal, state side, institutional and other programs. So there's a lot of opportunity there just filling out this FAFSA application alone. It sounds pretty simple. So will you share some of the reasons why families don't submit this application? Right, so there are some three myths I wanna go over and the first myth in the next slide will be myth number one, my family makes too much money. Simply we may think that, hey, if my parents or myself altogether, we make about $75,000 or $100,000, we may not be eligible, but in the end, there is no income limit that will set you apart for submitting this application. So I wanna encourage families that regardless of what income you make, just submit an application because there's other factors that come into play to being eligible for financial aid. Like, see how families would think that they make too much because usually there is an income cap. So you're saying no matter what your income is for the student themselves and for their parents, no matter what their income, every single family that's applying for college should also fill out and submit this FAFSA application. Yes, correct. And this kind of leads into the next myth. So myth number two, we see that we believe that once I completed my FAFSA application and in my senior year, I probably don't have to do it again. But really, you have to do this for every year for that next academic year, you're gonna attend college. So at the end of the day, you're probably gonna fill this out four times while you're attending college. Every October 1st, they have that new application open and that's when you can submit it as soon as possible because the sooner you can get it, you could be getting some financial aid that's on a first come first serve basis. Wow, that's awesome. Okay, so some families think that you only have to fill it out once. So that's another reason why money is just left on the table because once they do it, they don't realize that you have to keep submitting it year after year. But then you can continue getting awards every single year that you apply. Right, and that's correct. And I wanna cover the last myth that we have. So myth number three, we see that people submit faster only to schools you are accepted to. So in the application, they're gonna ask you, what 10 schools you wanna get connected to? And I say put as much as options as possible. If you have any interest in this school or university, put them on the application. There is no penalty for not putting them. And really, when we see this, this is October 1st. You're submitting your application in October for FAFSA, but you probably haven't been accepted to any colleges yet, right? Because that admission is gonna be in January, February, and you're not gonna get your award letter till later. So I say, hey, if you have a strong interest in a school, put them on there. You don't know what kind of aid you could get from them. And if you have a strong desire for a certain school, especially a school that you're gonna attend to in your state of residence, put them on the top of the list because there is like a order of what kind of aid you can get in the priority. Okay, so it's okay for seniors in high school to just go ahead and list their top 10 schools because at this point, they're still not 100% certain where they're going. They can list 10 schools. Right, so of course this can give you time to appraise each option that comes from each school and then the 10 different college bears and the 10 different college tours so you could make a better decision at the end of your senior year. Okay, awesome. That's really good to know that they can, they don't have to feel the stress of narrowing it down to just one school or maybe their top three. They can just go ahead and just think of any college that popped in their head that they're considering even if it's 10 schools and make sure that they fill out their application starting October 1st. So I'm sure if people already were educated about the FAFSA, as soon as October 1st came around, you filled it out. However, for some of the viewers here, if this is the first time that you're receiving this information, it's still early, you have the rest of the month to apply, just don't wait, just get on this right away because Brandon, is it first come first serve basis? Yes, first come first serve basis and you do have some time to fill it out till a couple of months or so after, but the sooner the better. Okay, the sooner the better. So mark your calendar that every single October 1st that you should be applying for the FAFSA because like Brandon said, it's something that you have to do every year. And can you imagine for some people who go to school more than four years and we have some lifetime students? I wonder if there's a limit on how many years you can apply for the FAFSA if you can apply year after year. You can keep applying every year. I mean, there's also for those who are going through undergrad and their graduate years, but just make sure that you stay up to date. You sign up for subscriptions to get updated by the student aid because it wasn't always October 1st was the opening, but right now it is every October 1st, the FAFSA will be open. But I think that is just a great way for you to be reminded and stay up to date. Yeah, thank you for that. And thank you for sharing the myth about why families are not filling out this FAFSA application. So now do you have some tips for families? Yes, I have two tips right now. So the first step being is begin financial planning sooner. Because as you see on the screen, there is, these are some screenshots from a portion of the FAFSA forum today. So for example, you are a senior and you want to go to college next academic year 2023 to 2024. But what they're gonna use is to see if you have filled out your 2021 federal tax return. So parents and students, you're gonna connect that and put that information on your FAFSA and this will help determine that financial need that you're eligible for. So what can we look at this? Oh, it's another perspective that if you are a, if you have or you are a high school sophomore or junior, this is the most critical time to start looking at financial planning for the parents and the student so that you can be prepared for that upcoming FAFSA application. Now this doesn't set apart those who are already in college or who are senior today, you guys can start working with a financial professional or your tax preparer, but whatever information that you put in today and what you do for your taxes will kind of affect more so your following year is applying for FAFSA. Okay, thank you for that information. Anything else that you can share about that because I know when it comes to, especially taxes and tax returns and all of these financial planning, it can be very confusing, burdensome for families and a lot of times people don't want to even look at it. So how can families simplify the most for themselves? You know, I would say, you know, just work with someone you trust and someone who's experienced, but this kind of leads to the next tip and just tip number two would be you are, you can be able to write a financial aid appeal letter.  I had no idea because who would even guess that when you are awarded financial aid, I mean, it's already free money. So who would think that you could negotiate the free money that you're getting awarded? Right, and that's crazy. So it's all about the appeal letter. You know, we say that the FAFSA application is based on that 2021 tax returns, for example, but we can all agree that things can change anytime from that 2021 till today and when you're gonna attend school because don't you agree that within the last few years with the pandemic, we have seen such huge economic changes especially in our homes? Yes, I completely agree. Right, so that FAFSA application is only, you know, a portion of understanding your situation for our colleges. Now you can work with someone you trust, you know, there are financial aid departments and they are there for you to work with maybe a counselor there and find someone who's experienced whether it's outside or there to help you write a letter to say, hey, you know, I have this much financial need, but you know, I see that I'm not getting, you know, the award package that kind of meets that, what can we do to work it out? But you know, really, if we think about the changes over time, many people can get laid off. There could be a reduction in income. We live in the age of mixed families, so people who have parents who they stay with at certain times and all of these are factors that you could address in that appeal letter. So you know, again, find someone who you can trust who can help you raise your chances of making that negotiation in a way, but you know, just try it out, simply ask and you know, try submit a financial aid appeal letter. That's right because if you don't ask, you never know. And anything can happen at any time and people's situations change drastically, right? And it's inevitable that changes will happen, whether it's positive or negative. And it's good to know that if someone is awarded, for example, $5,000 and now something drastic has happened that their needs has significantly changed and maybe their needs are doubled out. Maybe their needs are 10,000. It's really wonderful to know that there is a process that they can actually write an appeals letter to be able to get what their need is now and not what it was when they applied. Right, because you know, even for myself, I have seen that I had to go to a point of asking and doing a financial aid appeal letter. So in my about my third year in college, I saw that there are some changes in my package that I was awarded something, but I wasn't able to fully utilize it in the academic year. So I asked and worked it out on what can we do? Would it be work study? Could it be changes between subsidized and unsubsidized loan? So it's all about working it out and just simply asking. Yes, just simply asking. That's all you have to do. Again, if you don't ask, you never know. So here's another area that you can ask. And here's something else that I did not know. And I got this information from Brandon as well. And I know all the viewers are gonna love this information too. What can people do who have already graduated from college and they still have outstanding student loans? Right, so that's a great question. So for those viewers who are already graduate from college, maybe have some student loans, be aware that yes, there are some forgiveness, debt forgiveness plans out there, but you probably have heard of the Biden administration and their plan to forgive loans. So two things I wanna address with this Biden plan. The first thing is they wanna forgive up to $20,000 of student loans. And all of this will be determined by an application.   So again, the application are open the same time as the FAFSA. So October 1st, find someone. I could maybe help you guys get directed to that website and you guys can fill out the application. And I would say the deadline, I believe it might be the end of this month. So at least just submit it as soon as possible. But the second tip I wanna lead into is, we have those who have already paid off their loans or started making payments to that, right? So we know that there's from forbearance that they delay the interest bearing on our loans. But some of us, we probably had already made some payments. So if you had made payments, I believe it's March. So March 13, 2020, if you made any payments on or after that, you could be eligible for a refund. So there is some example of those who probably want to pay off their loans because there's no interest. Maybe they just made more money in the past couple of years and they want to get rid of their debt. But now they are looking into the idea of refunding. So the best thing to do is to stay updated on what they can address. Things can change. So follow on the student aid website and be able to read upon the most recent details of what you can qualify for. Okay, great. This is really fantastic information because my daughter, Shaina, had paid off all her student loan debt in full. And I believe it was this year. So you said anytime after March 13, 2020, anytime on March 13, 2020 and after. Yep, March 13, 2020 and then until right now. Okay, so she is eligible. I'm gonna make sure that she watches this episode and also I'm gonna have her contact you so that she can have your assistance. And it's possible that she may be eligible to getting a refund of 20,000. So I'm not too sure what would be the limits of what you could get as a refund, but 20,000 is separate of loan forgiveness for those who have a loan currently and then the refund is a separate thing. Is there any last-minute tips or myths that you would like to share with the viewers today, Brandon? Oh no, Mahalo, thank you for letting me come into today's show and to talk about financial aid. Again, I just wanna re-emphasize that college can be affordable. Every college is built differently and we may not know that attending the least expensive school may not be the most cost-efficient first. So do not limit yourself to the opportunities that are available out there. Be able to look into different options. And I hope that I could expand more another time on the different ways that we could tackle financial aid. Since you brought that up, I wanna touch on this last subject. A lot of times people look at cost first when they're looking at college, but that is not the correct order that you should be looking at, right? Right, it would be cementing your career ideas first, what you wanna do, then looking at the college that can provide the best programs and then look at the cost last. So the cost should be the last thing you should really be worried about and that's how we should plan for college. Great, great information. Career first, then the college and then the cost. Don't think of the cost first, right? So there's so much information as you can see regarding college planning. So Brandon has agreed to be on the next episode of Money Talk. Until then, feel free to reach out to him with any questions that you may have and we will see you on the next episode of Money Talk. Thank you for joining us, mahalo. Mahalo. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Leafs dropping may be because you're overwatering your plants, especially if they're yellowing before they drop. If this is the case, check the soil before you water it. If it feels moist, don't water. It grows away because they're not getting enough light, especially if they're long thin and reaching towards the light. Oh, they're just too cold! If your plant comes from the tropics, make sure that you keep her in a warmer space. Okay, see you in the next one!


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Carl Sketchley at JSA. Precision OT, a New York based leading provider of optical transceivers and active passive optical components is swiftly expanding its presence internationally. Today, I am joined by Anthony Clarkson, technical director EMEA at Precision OT. Anthony, welcome to JSA TV. It's great to be here, Carl. If you could, tell us a bit about Precision's new EMEA leadership team and what you are doing for the company. OK, well, we've got a great team in place here now to lead the region. Between us, we've got over 75 years with the experience in this market. We've got Rob Harrison, who's heading up the team, Melanie Cantalejo, who is running our sales and business development efforts, and I'm leading the technical teams. So as part of my role and my team, we're here to provide technical expertise to our customers, and that's helping them to find the right solutions for their networks and providing them with information about our roadmap and where we see the industry going. That's amazing. Sounds really exciting. Now, Precision OT has been involved in the European market for three years, and we hear that business has been growing consistently. In fact, I think I heard that you tripled your revenue in three years. So why do you think Precision OT has been so successful? Well, I think it's about our approach to the market. So unlike some of our competition, we focus on the service providers. So that's the telcos and the cable operators and the big hyperscalers as well. And that gives us a focus. But also, we provide these fully engineered solutions to our customers. So we help them get the confidence to switch away from their traditional network equipment vendors, to use our solutions to save them money, but also with our large inventory, we can give them shorter lead times and give them extra advantages from what they would get from their traditional providers. Wow, that's very insightful. So speaking on that subject, how exactly does Precision OT differentiate itself from other optical network equipment manufacturers? Maybe you can walk us through how you work with customers to deliver the optical networking solutions that they need. Sure, I mean, I think it's our engineering bias. It's no secret a large proportion of our employees are engineers. So with our customers, we provide on-site technical services to help with the certification and standardization of our parts. We've got resident engineers who are based on-site and they work alongside the customer and the customer's other equipment vendors to ensure the projects go smoothly. Because understanding our customers' networks is key to success. And we want to build that partnership with our customers. And we've also got some complementary solutions like LightSeer, which is our network monitoring and analysis tool. And we have a Bluetooth tuning box, which helps our customers to program the wavelength of the transceivers from their phone. So it's bringing extras to that service wrap around the transceivers. I see. Thank you for that answer. So 2020 finally seems to be the year of 5G. How is Precision OT actively supporting this new technological rollout? So for 5G, we've got a wide range of products covering all the components of the mobile network.  But a key part of rolling 5G out is make sure, as an operator, you've got the capacity in your backbone to support all this increased traffic and all these increased users. So our 100 and 400 gig solutions will help with the upgrade of the network there. So that's critical as part of 5G solution. But also, we've joined a couple of bodies that help with open networking. So we've joined the Telecom Infra project, or TIP. And part of that, they have an open-ran branch where they're looking at how you disaggregate hardware and software within the 5G network. And open-ran has become such a popular concept within the mobile world. And I think it's going to be critical to the success of 5G. Amazing. So if we could, let's take some time and make some predictions. Where do you see Precision OT going within the EMEA over the next few years? Well, having had a sneak peek at some of Precision's internal product development plans and some really exciting products coming down the line that are going to really change and revolutionise the industry, I think our advanced photonics team is a real game changer there. But overall, I see a massive increase in the growth of end-user bandwidth requirements, particularly with the big increase recently in working from home, the remote working thing is pushing the demands of the networks and forcing them to make their upgrades now, especially with the 100 gig and the 400 gig in the backbone there. So I think there's a big scope for growth within the network market. And given the size of the EMEA market, there's a massive scope for this team to make some significant contributions to Precision's overall revenue. So, Anthony, where can our viewers go to find more information about Precision OT? Well, you can find more information on our website, that's precisionot.com, or you can find us on LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook, just search for Precision Optical Transceivers. Amazing, very insightful answers. Thank you for joining us today, Anthony. We certainly look forward to hearing more about Precision OT in the coming months ahead. And thank you viewers for tuning in to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts. Happy networking.