Welcome to the session on understanding why sustainability is important for us. So, in the last two sessions we are trying to understand what is sustainability, what is sustainable development, how do we define this, how do we operationalize this and also understanding little bit on the limitation associated in operationalizing the sustainability. So, in this session what we will try to do, we will try to see why sustainability is imperative and mostly whatever the issues, whatever the factors responsible for or whatever the changes that has happened over a period of time and those makes the sustainability is imperative, we will try to understand them or we will try to explore them further. Now, why sustainability is imperative? We know that sustainability gives us benefit. Sometimes it gives us long term benefit and sometimes it gives us the short term benefit. When we say that it is long term benefit, why I say long term benefit is that even if for few of the sustainability initiative possibly we will do not get the immediate return. In fact, in most of the cases because whatever the benefits we get out of it, it takes some time period or over a period of time we get those benefits, but few of the initiative we get the short term benefit. So, sustainability is important from that point of view because it gives us the short term and the long term benefit. Then the second point or the second factor possibly why sustainability makes imperative is the concept of limit. What is the concept of limit? Whatever the resources available to us, it is limited, it is not unlimited and this is what the basic economics says also that whatever the resources available to us, those are always limited and human wants are unlimited. So, explaining that further in the context of sustainability, we operate with a concept of limit and what is the concept of limit? Like for example, there is finite amount of space available to us, there are limited resources to produce different types of goods and services those are available to us and also there are limitation in term of the technology. So, the concept of limit makes us think that we need to include the sustainability initiative, we need to include the sustainable practices in their day to day activities and also in the business activity. Then the third point is that to maintain the earth's ecosystem, the only possibility what we left with us is to sustainable choices. We have to make the sustainable choices in our production, consumption, then literally we can maintain the earth ecosystem. So, there are a lot of views, lot of opinion, lot of studies associated with the fact that why sustainability is imperative. So, in this session what we have tried to do is that whatever the points makes the sustainability important or whatever the points make the sustainability imperative, we have categorized them into this four broad cluster. Few of them comes under environmental issues, few of them comes under change in the economic system, few of them we have summarized into the role of stakeholders and the last one is technology and innovation. So, what we will do now is that we will try to see how this let us say broadly this environmental issues making the sustainability imperative. Now, the first thing what comes in environmental issue is that changing climate. So, although the debate was there at some point of time regarding the evidence of climate change, but now it is pretty clear that there is warning sign and evidence of climate change. So, let me give you a small example to talk about the evidence. So, possibly if you look at the cyclone or super cyclone, possibly the biggest cyclone happened in the near future is in 1999 when the super cyclone happened in the east coast. But after that if you see just looking at the the history in last 10 years, every year we get one or two cyclones, some mostly in the east coast and in the last cyclone Tauti that came also in the west coast. So, the trend shows over here is that we get frequent frequent disaster typically the example what I have given here for the cyclone, but there are also other example like cloudburst tsunami and the associated with the like heat prone area that is drought. Now, the second point over here is that whatever the disaster whatever the extent we have to we get those are intense also because it every time you must have seen the damage it creates to the life and property typically in this jargon jargon we say that is loss and damage to life and property. So, one thing is that what is the sign what we are getting is that there is frequent and intense natural disaster. Now, coming to the second point, so you must be hearing the negotiation what is going on in the global scale that is the global negotiation on the climate change and there is one of the issues which is very urgent is that if you are not reducing our temperature, if you are not reducing our contribution to the global climate and the reduction in the whatever the effect of the global climate change, possibly we will find that few of the island nation they will submerge into the water. There is a threat to the survival of many small island states due to the global warming and the rising sea level. Few examples are Maldives or Kiribati or Tuvalu or other lowline islands. So, there is a recent newspaper article which says that now Maldives is planning for a floating city because they know that possibly at some point of time this is going to be submerged if you are not doing anything for the to reduce the effect of the climate change. Now, another few of the evidence what we get for this climate change is that it has been estimated by the year 2050 that every 7 people in the if people in Bangladesh will be displaced by climate change and also we know what is the effect on the rise production of the Bangladesh because of this rising sea level. And this environmental justice foundation there is a report which says that up to 18 million of people may have moved because of the sea level rise alone. And this gives the fact about that the so called climate refugee over a period of time because since these are going to be submerged their area is going to be submerged they will migrate to other place and this is what the we use the word climate refugee. And the recent points about India is that also two weeks back there was a report which came from IPC which is which says that the coastal cities are more vulnerable to the climate change. And this is a report from Times of India October 30 2019 which gives the fact that rising sea may have put 36 million India at risk by 2050. I think these facts are good enough to understand to also adopt that sustainable practices because at least in that context we will try to see that how much the human we can reduce in term of the human contribution to the climate change. Now, the second point what comes under environmental issue is the changing resources. So, if you look at the graph on the right side of the slide it gives the world population growth from 1700 to 2100. So, see the numbers over here. So, possibly in so far in 1800 if you see the population is just 1 billion 1900 it increased from 1 billion to 1.65 billion. And from 1800 from 1900 if you look at in 2000 the 2100 the predicted growth is 10.9 billion. Now, look at the growth rate. So, from 1800 to 1900 it is just from 1 to 1.65, but from 1900 to 2000 it is 1.65 to 6.14 and from 2000 if we take the projected population growth in 2100 then it have become 6.14 to 10. So, there is a growth there is a growth in the absolute sense, but there is a if you look at the annual growth then annual growth has already already reached the peak and it is going to decrease in 2100. If you just take the figure of the absolute growth in population we know that more population more demand will require more land more water more resources. And that makes the earth shrink into the land per capita if you look at in 1900 the land per capita is 7.91 and in 2050 the land per capita is going into 1.44. So, the first factor what what is changing making the change in the resource size is that population growth which is shrinking our earth in term of the land per factor of land per capita available to the population. Now, going further let us see what is happening to the other resources right, what is causing the degradation. So, you must have seen forests have almost disappeared why forests have disappeared because the human population has cleared those forests to plant more crops for grazing animal for supply of wood and raw material the typical forest waste economies right. Then the second point is technology and the industry or so called businesses and how we blame them for this resource changing resources. In one way we use resources to produce also the by-product what we do in the production process is vehicle emission, toxic waste, carbon emission which gives rise to the air pollutant. These are all by-product because of our invention into the different types of goods and also the way we are using the resources leading to the cause in the global warming. But the fact is earth supply of resources is finite and our consumption of natural resources is faster than our planet that can replenish them. So, that creates a pressure in the resource available to us. Now, if you look at this slide this gives some facts about the resource degradation and depletion. So, every hour 16.92 acres of productive dryland become desert, 27 percent of our coral leaf have been destroyed and if the rate continues remaining 60 percent will go in 30 years and the what is more worrisome over here is that although there is lot of rules, there is lot of policy, lot of restriction associated with this waste a solid waste typically plastic waste. If you look at the facts we have a garbage island floating in our ocean mostly comprised of plastic and you know what is the size of that? The size of that is that equivalent to India, Europe and Mexico combined. And in a microscale we can give the example is that look at the coastal city. The moment there is a high tide, the moment there is a cyclone interestingly see gives back all the things what we have thrown to them and that comes back to the base. So, this is the amount of waste what we are dumping in the water bodies, dumping in the water resources. We are as I was saying in the previous slide also we are using of 50 percent more natural resources than the earth can provide and at our current population we need 1.5 earths which we do not have. Then few more facts we extract almost 55 billion tons of fossil energy, minerals, metal and biomass from the earth. The world has already lost 80 percent of its forest and we are continually losing them at the rate of 375 square kilometer per day and at the current rate of deforestation, 5 to 10 percent tropical forest species become extinct every ticket. Now, this the facts gives that we should why we should think of sustainability, why we should think of the sustainable development process or practices. Then the third factors what we consider under environmental issue is the pressure on the earth carrying capacity. So, there are many more example I have just picked two examples that how it creates on the earths carrying capacity. The first figure if you look at this gives us the increase in the temperature from 1900 to 2020 and if you look at the growth the way it is happening, if you look at the trend the temperature is going on increasing. And one small fact about is that the highest temperature what we get in summer in India possibly that has increased in last 10 years at least more than 9 to 10 degree. And the second to the second and the third pictures talks about the water scarcity. This is beautifully summarized in a blog in WWF and which the pictures picks itself that how the water scarcity what kind of impact or what kind of effect we have got because of the water scarcity. Few facts about the water the worldwide lack access to water is 1.1 billion that is 14 percent of the world population. Water scarcity for at least one month of the year 2.7 billion that is 34 percent of the world population and projection is by 2025 two-third of the world population may face water shortage. And let me bring a typical example over here is that possibly we are all buying mineral water there may be many more reason why we buy mineral water but somewhere the fact also is that at some point of time buying water in bottle and managing with that would be reality if you are not taking any action over it. And this talks about the imbalance in earth carrying capacity overusing and that makes there is a imbalance or there is a pressure in the earth carrying capacity. Now getting into the second cluster that is changing economic system and we have we have summarized few issues which comes under this and those make sustainability is imperative or sustainability is important. Now after industrial revolution if you say the economic system is based on growth. I think possibly the first way we got the growth is through industrialization more activities more industrial activity more income more growth. So, after industrial revolution there is the economic system is based on growth then few more intervention like globalization organization those model also leads to the economic system based on the growth. Now when there is a growth that leads to one positive thing that is there is a effluence in the system there is a consumption in the system more effluence more consumption. This we will try to see again we will talk about ipad model that how do we link our activity and our impact into the environment. Also at the same point of time this leads to inequality in the income. Now the growth leads to effluence and consumption leads to inequality of income but it confronted with the limitation. What are those limits? Limit to growth, limit to consumption, limit to resources and limit to environment. There is a effluence there is a limit this gives us the impact. Then the second the second event happened that is globalization. Globalization creates a unique local and global linkages. So, the entire supply chain of the product or the services that has become global. So, you will find that the locally produced crop become in the grocery store across the globe. Typical example is that when I get the kiwi fruit next to my home that is in the grocery store in the shelf of the grocery store set. So, the local produce becomes global and globalization creates a unique local and global linkage. But the fact is that since it has become global the impact is also has become global. So, if the impact is happening in locally it is not only limited to that particular area that particular segment most of it it spreads also to the global impact. So, it is not that if you are using sustainable practices, but the other player in the value chain other player in the product supply chain if they are not creating sustainable practices you will be able to manage the sustainable way of production or sustainable product. Because the local impact becomes the global impact and that needs that in the entire supply chain we need to adopt the sustainable practices. Then the trend which has happened in last over a period over a period of let us say 20-25 years at least in the Indian context people they have moved from rural to urban right and what is the reason for that? The reason for that is that you there is a opportunity available in the urban that is economic opportunity available in the urban. So, you will find the migration happens at different scale possibly at at the very high sophisticate level and possibly it also happens in the deliver level. Urbanization it has increased the income, it has increased the growth because there is a opportunity available, but also it creates the impact. Now, let us see this all these three points what we have discussed that the economic system where the it is based on growth whether it is industrial revolution, whether it is globalization, whether it is urbanization what is the negative impact or the negative externality associated with them. So, this is what the negative externality right. So, the first picture talks about air pollution, second pictures talk about the water pollution and the plastic pollution. The third one talks about the gives a picture of urbanization. It is up to us that how do we read or how do we how do we decipher this story associated with this urbanization, more buildings, more influence and also if you look at that possibly there is no land available in this entire picture except there is a water body available next to this. The moment there is a any impact over the water body that is going to affect the entire population residing over there. And the last one is that it again talks about two things, the effluence and also what is the impact. The number of cars on the road shows the effluence we have our disposable income has become more, we are able to earn more and that is why you are able to spend more. But the impact over here is that possibly there is no space that one more extra car can also move and they are stuck over this because whatever the resources available and how are we using it there is a gap and this is what the outcome that we get into the traffic. Now, let me show you a few more trend. This trend gives us the global primary energy consumption by source. Still it is dominated by coal, oil and gas and whatever the renewable sources still it is not, if you will not able to take a bigger share in this global energy consumption. So, here energy consumption is growing because we are producing, we are consuming more, we are producing more and also we have a capability to produce more and in that process we are using more energy and most of this if you look at the bigger share from the non-renewable resources till now. Now, this is what the typical picture of changing economic system which gives a trend of global car sales by the key market in last 15 years that is from 2005 to 2020. And if you look at the number of car sales is going, going on increasing which talks about the again the effluence and the change in the consumption pattern. Now, this is what again the emission, the by-product of our so called consumption, so called income, so called production and there is a increasing trend in the world emission and in the second part of the slide if you see, this gives us the trend of atmospheric CO2 concentration from last say from 1300 to 2018. And if you look at this, this long-term atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide this is measured through this PPM that is part per million. So, if you look at up to 1800, 1900 its kind of remain constant not much changes, but from mostly after between mid 1850 and 1900 the peak started going up and from 1900 to 2018 we move from less than 300 ppm to more than 400 ppm. And that says that how much is the impact we are creating through our activity. Now, this is the global greenhouse gas emission by sectors. It is a clear one again more energy more is the emission. So, most of the emission is coming from energy use that is energy use in industry, energy use in buildings and energy use in the transport and also there is a share of other sector like waste, agriculture, forestry and land use. Now, coming to the third cluster where we have tried to summarize that the role of stakeholders making the sustainability imperative mostly it is role or we may say also the increasing role of the stakeholders. Now, there is an increasing expectation of the stakeholder. Now, what are the increasing expectations? In one way we have investor then let us say consumers, industry peers, government, civil society. Now, how they are increasing their expectation? They if you look at the case of your investor they do the evaluation of capital market performance through ESG. It means how you do the performance in your capital market that is through the investment in your environment, social and governance. So, we will find that many top investor typically they assess the performance through the investment in ESG. Then the increasing the expectation by consumer playing their role there is a increasing in the pro environmental behavior revenue from the sustainable product is increasing and also consumer they are willing to pay a higher price for the sustainable product. So, if it is sustainable product you will find that consumer they are ready to pay more and there is a significant increase in the pro environmental behavior of the consumer. Then the industry peers, the peers get influenced when they find that one of them has integrate sustainability into the corporate strategy that at some point of time works as a informal benchmark. We will see this when we say that how the industry integrate the sustainability into their day to day practices. Then government there are lot of acts, disclosure, awareness that is coming from the government that how we why we should take the or how we should use the sustainable practices in our activity. And civil society is also playing their role because of increasing role of NGO and press agro. The second factor which is working well for the stakeholder is that there is a increase in the transparency and why there is a increase in the transparency because there is a well connected communication, there is a culture of connectivity, there is a and why this connected communication and culture of connectivity because of whatever the evolution that has happened because of the information technology. And also this different social networking platform that brings more transparency because the information is public in this case. And also the mandatory disclosure by the company because the other stakeholder they know about the fact that increases the transparency. So, the role of stakeholder changing there is a increase in transparency that creates a pressure on the system that they need to adopt the sustainability practices. The last factors what we consider over here why sustainability is imperative is that the technology and innovation. Now, let us list down whatever the technology and innovation those have been there in the field of sustainability or in the field of climate in last few years. So, we get access to cleaner technology, we have developed cleaner technology. The typical example is we are talking about electric transportation, we are talking about carbon capture and storage system. Similarly, we have developed alternate source of energy that is renewable power, solar panel and biomass. And the recent one is that when we are when we are developing the hydrogen as the substitute in the energy transition to the most to the decarbonization pathway or the low carbon transition. Then we have energy efficiency technology like LED light, sensor based technology and also the typical design for environment is being planned into the product like your green buildings, green products when designed for environment is being added from the conceptualization of the product or the whatever the system we are building on. All this creates a competitive advantage for the businesses and that gives whatever the competitive advantage is the firms or the industry they are getting that gives them a role to enter into the low carbon economy because that is what the new platform when we are making a transition from the existing one to the climate economy or the low carbon economy. And here Potter and Kramer they have put it nicely that it is increasing the share values like in the last slide we are talking about the role of the stakeholder how they are engaged and through this typically there is a increase in the share value for all the stakeholders. So, what we have a try to do in this session is that we have summarized all those let us say factor let us say issues or let us say changes those have been making the sustainability as the imperative. In the next session we will try to see mostly taking two readings that why some of them or how sustainability also fits to be a mega trend. Thank you.


It's my pleasure to introduce my friend, Salemota Casper of Latinos in Heritage Conservation or LHC. As a Mexican-American, I believe LHC is a crucial advocate for the preservation of Latino places, sites, and cultural heritage. All of us are fortunate that it has now been kicked into high gear thanks to a Mellon Foundation grant announced at LHC's Congreso last April. With that funding, LHC has been able to hire Salem as its first executive director. I cannot be more thrilled at her appointment and I am extremely honored to introduce her today. Salem is a first-generation Mexican-American who has long been passionate about bringing underrepresented histories to light. Some of you might have encountered Salem during her time at the National Trust for Historic Preservation, where she served for five years as a senior field officer. Among other projects, she helped save the Lulac Council 60 Clubhouse in my hometown of Houston. Thank you, Salem. But she has also done so much more. She has raised millions of dollars for the rehabilitation of historic sites. She helped to lead the Where Women Made History campaign. She most recently worked in municipal government, serving on a team to create the country's first Mexican-American Cultural Heritage Corridor, while also managing arts and culture ARPA funding during COVID-19. Salem also contributes to the preservation community beyond her day jobs. She currently serves on multiple boards, including Preservation Texas, the Friends of the Texas Historical Commission, the National Collaborative for Women's History sites, and my personal favorite, Texas Dance Hall Preservation. Salem has an MFA in Historic Preservation from the Savannah College of Art and Design. She also has a BA in Art History. Please join me in welcoming one of the true estrellas or stars of the preservation movement. Salem, take it away. Gracias, Sara. Y muchísimas gracias al National Trust for Historic Preservation por esta invitación. My interest in life has always been around history, places, storytelling, and whose stories being told. So I'm gonna share with you a piece of my own history and research that has deeply influenced my preservation approach. I'm also going to share the incredible work ahead for our new nonprofit, Latinos and Heritage Conservation, and the work that we're doing to elevate community voice and offset systemic inequities as we push for equity and inclusion and to practice that value's Latinx heritage. In 2013, I was attending Savannah College of Art and Design studying to get my Masters of Fine Arts in Historic Preservation. I was so excited to have been awarded the coveted Texas Historical Commissions Diversity Internship that summer. Not only would I be working with the National Trust, the State Historic Preservation Office, but I would also be in Austin and working on the very first Hispanic Tourism Guidebook. On my first day, I walk up to the Historic Paint Building and I was greeted by my boss, April Gardner. Along with my colleague, Joes Apata, we reviewed the project and our work ahead of us. We'd be doing site identification and travel writing. So I reached out to the 18 Latinx content experts which were advising us on the handbook. After hearing that I was extremely fascinated by the borderlands and women, one of them pointed me to Laredo, a small town in South Texas. Early on, I became obsessed with the social movements coming out of Laredo. I learned about an extraordinary individual named Leonor Villegas de Mecnón, also known as La Rebelle. She was born in 1876 and became a Spanish newspaper journalist and a feminist. She was a political activist who also worked as a teacher. Her work and fearlessness took over my research. I tell my husband about how in March, 1913, she heard gunfire and battle. The Mexican Revolution had made its way on the other side of the border in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. Knowing that there'd be much bloodshed, she took to action and organized to help the revolutionary cause and Granza's army. She and a handful of other women crossed the Rio Grande, ran straight into gunfire to sneak wounded men back to safety in Laredo, Texas. Leonor's home had always been a social sanctuary for Mexican expats and political organizing, and now she converted it to a makeshift wartime hospital to nurse and heal the wounded. This all-volunteer brigade was called La Cruz Blanca or the White Cross. After the war, Leonor received five medals from the Mexican government for her valor and role in supporting the revolutionary effort. I was going to pursue this site so that I could add it to the guidebook, but then I learned that her home, La Cruz Blanca, which was located on Flores Street, no longer existed. How is it possible that this house owned by the significant figure not be considered important enough to save? This dead end of not finding extant buildings kept coming up for me. As a kid growing up in Great Line, Texas, I was fascinated with the history of my hometown and its people. As many of you know, Great Line is a thriving Main Street community, and Main Street was the backyard and the playground of my childhood. Our historic buildings, their mysteries, stories, always piqued my interest. My parents had moved here in 1971 from Sabina, Escuela, Mexico to make North Texas their new home. My father is a huge sports fanatic and started the first Latinx soccer league soon after moving here. As a kid, I attended Sunday soccer games and loved riding my bike up and down Main. I was a budding historian and never missed the opportunity to duck into the public library and to learn more about historical figures, my Mexican and indigenous roots. So I was in the third grade when I first set foot in the Great Line Historical Museum. Beyond excited, we walked a heritage park to our yellow wooden building. The docent welcomes us and I enter the dimly lip room. I see exhibits. I see the first doctor, our first mayor, agricultural exhibits like cotton which boosted my hometown. I see Confederate veterans and train conductors. What I notice is that it's mostly white men and white people and it's the telling of the pioneer and settler story of Great Line. I didn't see Tejas. I didn't see Mexican history. I didn't see indigenous history and I didn't see myself. I was frustrated and confused and I felt like an outsider within my own hometown. So flashback to my summer in Austin which began with me chasing the story of Leonor and it continued with me chasing after several other important figures whose lives were not deemed worthy enough of preserving. This roadblock and realization ended up shaping my master of fine arts thesis work. I wanted to examine why and how is it that this practice shapes and affects the local community and their US history. And more importantly, how do we change this? I assessed the national landscape of Latinx preservation, examined how our field has traditionally disregarded the Latinx narrative and experience. My thesis work concluded with proposals for a new and inclusive methodology with a framework that values and actively preserves Latinx heritage. The following summer in 2014, I received the Mildred Coladney Scholarship and interned with the National Trust to help find threatened and endangered Latinx heritage sites throughout the country. I was connected with other like-minded individuals who were also asking these questions. This included LHC co-founders and early co-chairs like Desiree Randa, Laura Dominguez, Dr. Sara Zanada-Gould, along with a dozen other practitioners. And we began deliberating how we as a collective could take action. We're a group of professionals and advocates working in historic preservation and allied fields such as academia, conservation, museum, the arts and planning. We started to create this synergy and we met for the first time at the National Trust Pass Forward Conference in Savannah, Georgia in 2014. For this first gathering, we had 30 other individuals for this lively one-hour session. It was exhilarating to discuss the need to support the Latinx preservation movement within our own field. We held many breakouts and brainstormed and by the end of 60 minutes, we knew that we needed a national network. That evening, a dozen of us had a very well-deserved celebration. Eddie Torres, architect and trust advisor from Chicago, proposed this ambitious idea that we host our own national conference in just six months in Tucson, Arizona. So we got to work. In May 2015, our emerging group, Latinos and Heritage Conservation, held our very first convening and it was in partnership with Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation. The support was more that we anticipated and we ended up having to change venues a few times. Over a period of two days, we met and walked Tucson to learn more about Latinx preservation strategies. We had a shared interest in preserving historic Latinx sites and sustaining the living cultural heritage of Latinx communities. We also wanted to promote Latinx leadership and participation within the profession. Overall, our goals were to define a governance structure for LHC, consider roles, responsibilities, programs and advocacy. We also solidified our mission and vision which would affirm our work moving forward. With nearly 100 Latinx elders, practitioners, advisors, leaders, scholars, the room resonated with a feeling of community. And for all of us, we felt like we finally found our hente. In 2018, we had our third national convening in Providence, Rhode Island, marking our first conference in New England. We partnered with Rhode Island, Latino Arts and the SHPO and held a gathering of over 200 individuals. There we elevated the histories and preservation work of individuals from Columbia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. As we reflected on the 50 year anniversary of the National Historic Preservation Act, we examined how national trends and urgent issues and heritage conservation within Latinx communities and underrepresented work was affecting our own worlds and our communities locally. We asked, who is this act serving and who is it not? We celebrated how new and recent arrivals were preserving their own heritage. During the Corazon the Providence tour, we explored La Brua Street or Broad Street and we heard about Josefina Rosario known as Doña Cefa, a Dominican who migrated to Providence and opened her first Cefas market in 1959. This was Rhode Island's first Latinx bodega in the state. Doña Cefa and her husband's store served Latinx foods and sold Spanish newspapers from Doña Cefa's motherland. The bodega and Doña Cefa acted as a community hub. This was where they welcomed and advised new immigrants by helping with housing, registering them to vote and sharing the ins and outs of getting settled in Rhode Island. This past April, we held LHC's fourth national conference which we're now calling Congreso in Denver, Colorado. With over 230 people, we've met in the beautiful History Colorado Museum with our partner Historic Denver. We highlighted Latinx heritage work in the inner mountain region, its diverse geography, cultures, ecological zones, histories and traditions. It was also a milestone moment as we celebrated our new chapter. For the past eight years, we've been a passionate all volunteer group and we recently became a nonprofit. In Denver, LHC announced that with support from the Mellon Foundation, we'd be hiring our organization's inaugural staff with me as the new executive director. Collectively, we reflected on democratizing historic preservation and shared innovative strategies to preserve Latinx heritage in rural and urban communities and within public lands. We ended the conference with walking tours in Denver's historic west side. And there we learned about the history and evolution of the land from indigenous to the Chicano-Chicana movement and Yudla Alma Lincoln Park Historic Cultural District and Chicano-Chicana murals which still tells the story today. Latinos and Heritage Conservation is the leading national nonprofit organization that works for the preservation of Latinx places, stories and cultural heritage in the United States. We are preserving historic Latinx sites, sustaining the living cultural heritage of Latinx communities and promoting Latinx leadership and participation within communities and the profession. We envision a just world that values Latinx heritage, people and places. Rooted in social justice, LHC strives to transform the preservation movement at a national scale through creative projects and intergenerational collaborations that will amplify Latinx voices and perspectives. And here's how we're going about it. The Abuelas Project is a digital humanities, multi-year project that will identify, collect, share stories about places that matter most to Latinx communities in the United States and Puerto Rico. It will be something accessible at all levels to community and something that even my mother can use. Recognizing that our own sites have historically been excluded from historic designations and that we all have abuelas or grandmothers or strong matriarchs in our families, this project pays homage to those leaders that have shared our family histories across dinner tables and at family gatherings to help keep our own history alive. Our final product will be a story-driven, map-based online platform that functions as a grassroots historical registry for significant Latinx places. Our Latinx preservation toolkit will be the first of its kind. It will be a free community resource revolving around a print and digital handbook and short bilingual videos that will weigh the advantages of historic preservation and help to demystify the formal processes and languages that we use. It will highlight Latinx heritage conservation success stories and it'll share best practices for place-based advocacy. For example, this toolkit can help be an aid for community leaders in our vessel and help guide them on protecting their sacred cultural body oils from arena footprints over eager developers and in its domain or from the wrecking ball. Our goal is to produce an accessible educational resource in both English and in Spanish. And it's going to help Latinx community and organizations and urban and rural areas to help advocate for the protection of Latinx historic sites and other tangible and intangible resources. We're so excited to share that in 2024, Congreso will be in Miami. Though it's not lost on us that the state of Florida and Puerto Rico has sustained devastating losses from multiple hurricanes over the past few months. This of course includes tragic loss of life, infrastructure, housing, but also irreplaceable heritage. It makes our mission even more profound as we focus and study on regional methodologies, share impressive work that's rooted in community. We'll discuss on strategies against commercial gentrification, environmental health, resilience, disaster relief such as sea level rise for historic communities in zonas like in Little Havana, Gaia Ocho, Miami Day and the broader Southeast as well as Puerto Rico. This biennial conference of Latinx community leaders, advocates, allies and historic preservation is the only national event dedicated to the Latinx preservation movement. So I want you to imagine the Heritage and Pioneer Museum in Midtown America but today it's just now called a museum. There's a Dominican girl with her lunchbox and perfect jungles ready to go to her school trip. She walks into a museum. Instead of seeing the town's first white doctor, mayor, war heroes or settlers, she sees her own heritage being represented. She sees Doña Fejas Bodega, the Guatemalan restaurant located on Gaia Ocho. She connects Neurals and my father's soccer league. She sees her own heritage and she knows that she belongs. Latinx stories have been excluded from the narrative and mainstream preservation practices. That's why we invite you to support Latinos and Heritage Conservation, join our movement and help push for transformative change. Start with your local community. Ask them to lead you by sharing the places that matter most to them. Some may be known and some may be unknown and let those stories and sites be the ones that you help to preserve. Everyone in this room knows that the histories we uplift help us understand ourselves as human beings and influence who we are within our spaces. I'm asking you to integrate Latinx Heritage into your daily practice and commit to decolonizing this work. Tell the stories of Latinx individuals and celebrate our contributions to this country by preserving our history. Thank you for listening today.


Ask a follow-up. All right, let's take Abtin's question. Which modern country or culture has the healthiest attitude towards sex? You know, I don't know. It's really hard to tell because the modern attitudes towards sex alternate between the Christian attitude towards sex, which dominates, I think, American society, and its backlash, which is a materialistic view of sex and for promiscuity, you know, strip clubs, prostitution and all of that, and just overly promiscuity among young people when it comes to sex. So that's American culture, which I think is a very unhealthy culture because it's dominated by Christian attitude towards sex and the backlash to that. I mean, I generally think that the attitude towards sex is healthier in Europe. It tends to be more promiscuous, but I think that's not a bad thing necessarily. That is, it depends how promiscuous it is. It's not quite as, I don't know, fixated on rejecting Christianity because I think they've rejected Christianity, at least this part of Christianity a long time ago. It's too materialistic in Europe. But there's no culture that is abandoned materialism today.  And it's hard. I don't know enough about that culture. I don't know how spiritual that is. It seems, at least from the Kamasutra poses, it seems very kind of physical and materialistic and pleasure oriented. And I think, I think to the extent that it's pleasure oriented, that's a good thing. I'm all for focusing on pleasure and enhancing pleasure and figuring out ways to enhance pleasure. And, you know, if that means 225 poses, then so be it. I'm not against that. But again, I don't know that any culture today or any cold country today has the right balance of the spiritual value of sex with the physicality, with the pleasure aspect of sex and combining those two. Because, of course, the spiritual aspect of sex dramatically enhances the pleasure aspect of sex. But the pleasure aspect of sex can't be ignored even separate from the spiritual side of it. I mean, personally, I believe in airing more on the side of a promiscuity than on the side of chastity. I'm not sure I know Anne would hold that position. I think she probably would prefer to air on the side of chastity versus on the side of promiscuity. But think about Dagny, or for that matter, Dominique in Alashwagd and in the Fountainhead. I mean, I think each one of them sleeps with at least three men during the novel. Now, they're all, at least in Alashwagd, they're all men of substance that they really love, but they're not the love. Only one of the men is the love, right? And I won't give that away. In Fountainhead, Dominique sleeps with men she doesn't necessarily love. I mean, she sleeps with, with what's his name, Keating.  But it shows that Ein Rand was not exactly approved when it comes to sex. So, you know, I was shocked coming from Israel, which has a much healthier attitude towards sex, coming to America, to see how prudish and Christian the culture in the U.S. is. And as a consequence, when you're secular, the rebellion against that is pure materialism, pure materialism. So, I suspect Europe has a slightly healthier attitude towards sex than the United States. I don't know about Asia. I really, that would be interesting. It would be interesting to figure out what the attitude in a place like China or South Korea is towards sex. Now, if you watch the show that I loved, okay, so let me say something about the show. What was it called? Mr. Sunshine, which was Korean show, which I loved and I highly recommend, which is on Netflix. It has a fantastic view of love.  It's three men. They all love the same woman and she loves one of them and, and their relationship is clearly spiritual and values oriented, passionate. And yet the whole show, there's no sex. And that is suspicious. I mean, and I think it deterred from my enjoyment of the show because the fact that the hero and the heroine who love each other passionately, they didn't even kiss, I don't think. I think kiss on a cheek or something. There wasn't a passionate kiss and there was, there was not sex even once between them. I think it's sad and unnecessary and again has to do with the kind of prudishness that Korean culture has and I don't know where it comes from and I don't know why. It also has to do with one of the premises of the movie, but I think, I think the sex would have overcome the premise. She's from an aristocratic family and he's, he's from a slave family. So the sex would have shattered that barrier. They love, began the shattering. The sex would have shattered it completely. And I think the biggest flaw in the whole show was the fact that they never had sex. Now granted, I probably have one of the more, what would be the tomb? More opposite of prudish, promiscuous, whatever, opposite of prudish attitudes within objectivism about sex. So I believe you should have it. Have it often. Have it with people you like. Enjoy it. Find pleasure in it.


My name is Bill Jr. and this is the Everglades. Welcome to my office. This is where I make my living. It's awesome. I enjoy what I do out here. I come out here in the morning. I'm out here every day, seven days a week. And I enjoy showing all the tourists, all the alligators and the birds. I enjoy it as much as they do. I can't picture myself just sitting behind a dust all day for eight hours a day.  And it's awesome. This right here is the most beautiful bird in the Everglades. It's called the Purple Galamoo. And that brown one you're looking at is just the juvenile. Will it be a new dragonfly or a bird? Every day I'll see something new out here. It's kind of like Jurassic Park. Yeah, definitely. This is where we're going to find all the big alligators. The further down we go, the more and more alligators we're going to see and the bigger they get. And we're going to have a couple big alligators that are going to be like, bam, right next to the boat. But they're not going to get in the boat, I promise. An alligator, they could jump out of the water and wind in half of their body at a standstill point using their tail to project themselves up. I've seen them jump about this high out of the water to catch a baby bird on a branch and eat it with people on the boat. I've met so many different people and it's awesome. Ever since I stepped out here in the Everglades, I knew this was the thing for me. I love it. I enjoy it.


Billionaire Charles Thomas Munger has covertly stood in the shadow of his longtime business partner Warren Buffett for over half a century as vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway. Just under two months before his 100th birthday, the Berkshire Hathaway vice chairman passed away in Santa Barbara at 99 years old. In a statement, Warren Buffett mourned the loss of his irreplaceable, decades-long partner praising Berkshire Hathaway could not have been built to its present status without Charlie's inspiration, wisdom, and participation. Munger avoided publicity, at least investing track records speak for itself, but there's no overstating Munger's instrumental contributions behind the scenes. Munger is far more than Buffett's number two man. His instrumental behind the scenes influence has cemented Munger alongside Buffett as an architect of Berkshire's meteoric success. Born in Omaha in 1924 to Alfred Munger, a prominent attorney and his wife Florence, Munger actually cross-challenged paths with a young Buffett while working weekends at his grandfather's grocery store, but the pair didn't connect until decades later. After serving in World War II, graduating Harvard Law and practicing in California, Munger was invited to an Omaha dinner party in 1959 where he was introduced to fellow Nebraska native Warren Buffett. Sparks instantly flew as the two fast friends bonded over investing strategies late into the night. Buffett's wife cheekily asked why her husband was paying so much attention to Munger. Buffett impressively replied, you don't understand that is no ordinary human being. Soon, Munger and Buffett were chatting daily about potential deals, but while Buffett was on track towards financial stardom, Munger's early success is also harbored hardship. His first wife divorced him, their only son tragically died from leukemia at just nine years old, and Munger even hit difficult financial straits. During this low point, when Munger drove a rusty Pontiac, his daughter Molly complained about the junkie car Munger famously quipped, it's to discourage gold diggers. But the determined Munger rebounded to make his own fortune before permanently linking up with Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway in the 70s. Historical of Omaha has credited Munger with shifting his entire business perspective from targeting struggling cheap companies to instead buying proven winners. In Buffett's words, Charlie Munger changed my investment strategy more than any other single person. Essentially, Munger provided the blueprint underpinning the legendary Berkshire game plan still producing mind-blowing gains to this day. Beyond their Berkshire partnership, Charlie Munger also previously ran his own successful investment fund. He delivered staggering annual returns near 20% by concentrating bets into fewer quality stocks like Westco Financial and C's candies for the long term. He currently still holds large ownership stakes in Berkshire itself as well as Costco, plus serves on Costco's board of directors. Until 2022, he also chaired newspaper publisher Daily Journal Corporation. True to style, the majority of Munger's current holdings align with companies where he maintains leadership influence with capital. And given Berkshire's breadth, Costco, loyal membership base, and Daily Journal's niche publisher software mix, all feature strong competitive advantages. Despite his immense wealth as a multi-billionaire VC of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger lived relatively modestly, famously still even driving his own older car to discourage gold diggers. But the exceptions were his occasional lavish real estate splurges. This $11 million Monocito home, designed by architect Joc Seawall, sits on about a quarter of an acre in the gated C Meadow community, about a five-minute drive west of downtown Santa Barbara. Because of Munger's involvement in developing C Meadow, the 22-acre community is sometimes called Mungerville. And also, because three decades prior, he actually helped developing the gated community. The approximately 4,700 square foot Monocito mansion boasts four bedrooms, 5.5 baths, vaulted ceilings, and plenty of eye-catching details. Outside the grounds encompass a sun-drenched dining patio. There's also a full tennis court, access to a private beach and community pool. All of these endless amenities right at his doorstep to enjoy during California summers. You probably expect someone with Charlie Munger's billions to upgrade lavish homes as routinely as they trade stops. But in an interview, Munger revealed why he deliberately resided in the same house for over 40 years without changing properties. When asked about this, Munger shared that while peer billionaires constantly built evermore extravagant compounds, he considered doing so in his investments. But ultimately, he decided against upgrading in order to prevent spoiling his multiple children. Here is exactly how Munger rationalized his decision to the interviewer. I didn't think it would be good for the children to live a life where I look like the Duke of Westchester or something on purpose. So, despite having ample means to upgrade real estate across Los Angeles whenever desired, Munger intentionally declined moving his family between lavish estates simply for appearances. He instead prioritized that his children's upbringing remained grounded. And this restraint towards materialism for his kids' well-being shows what's truly important to him after almost a century on Earth building up his fortune. Now, at nearly 100 years old, the brilliant Munger didn't only mint his towering investment returns in philanthropic legacy. He also amassed timeless wisdom and shared Mungerisms along the way for new generations of investors, coining insights like, see his opportunities fiercely when they arise as quality prospects are exceptionally rare, eliminate blunders relentlessly rather than seeking brilliant tactics. Clearly, Charlie Munger's brilliance and impact extends far beyond fortune. May we all build on his legacy of ethics, conviction, and generosity in the century ahead. For today, that will wrap up our look at Charlie Munger's storied life. But what about you guys? What's your favorite Mungerism? Let me know in the comments. And don't forget to subscribe to famous luxury and like this video. My name's Kara. You can follow me on Instagram at KaraTheVampireLayer to suggest future house tours and videos. We'll see you all next time. Bye!


Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the endotherms and ectotherms. The animals are thermally classified based on the source of their body heat into two types that is endotherms and ectotherms. Endotherms are the animals that generate their own body heat through metabolism to elevate their body temperatures. Due to this heat production, they maintain the temperatures of their bodies considerably above the cold ambient temperatures. The endotherms have low thermal conductivity due to good insulation of their bodies. Insulations are found in many types of animals.  Insulation enables the endotherms to conserve heat and fight high temperature gradient between the body and environment. Dear students, endotherms are of two types 1. The homeothermic endotherms 2. The heterothermic endotherms 3. Homeothermic endotherms regulate their body temperatures within relatively narrow range. They include most of the mammals and birds. The heterothermic endotherms can maintain regions of their body above the ambient temperatures. Other specific circumstances and for short periods of time. This type of heterotherms are called regional heterothermic endotherms. These are the endotherms for some parts of the body and they do not maintain the body temperatures. That is why they are regionally endothermic. Their body temperatures are divided by two types, which is why they are called heterothermic. These examples are found in large sized fishes like sharks and tuna and many flying insects are regionally heterothermic endotherms. Dear students, now we shall discuss the significance of endothermic. Endotherms can live in those habitats that are too cold for most of the ectotherms who do not produce their own heat. The animals that produce their own heat can live in a cold environment. In other climates, these animals maintain their body temperatures through metabolic heat production. Dear students, now we shall discuss ectotherms. They produce metabolic heat at low rates. To warm up their bodies, they rely on environmental sources of heat. Their bodies are poorly insulated. Heat conservation does not have structural mechanisms for the body. So they have high thermal conductance. High thermal conductance has an effect that the heat produced by their metabolic processes also quickly loses in the cooler environment. These types of animals, ectotherms, regulate their body temperatures by behavioral means. High thermal conductance does not have heat conservation. This is why they absorb heat very easily when they are in need of heat. And if they have heat production or heat absorbance, they lose easily in the environment. In colder environments, these animals behave in manners which facilitate heat absorption. While in hotter environments, they tend to dissipate heat and also minimize heat uptake from the environment. Dear students, we shall take a few examples of behavioral patterns of temperature regulation in ectotherms. 1. In cold environments, basking in the sun to gain heat observed in most of the reptiles like lizards and snakes. In hotter environments, such animals raise their bodies to avoid hot surfaces because heat will conduct from the hot surface and the temperature of the body will rise. Then the most effective means of thermal regulation in such animals is to move into some suitable micro-climates. In an environment, the animals can be hotter or colder, but there are some parts that give protection from extreme environmental situations, e.g. in the sun, that is a micro-climate. So keep hiding in burrows with moderate temperature during the day is a behavioral pattern that involves movement into a suitable temperature.