So, welcome to this special tutorial as I had mentioned in the class, this is in preparation of the makeup quiz exam which we will be conducting tomorrow morning from 10.30 to 12.30. The portion for the quiz tomorrow is same as the portion for the original quiz. So, some of you will remember that portion was the basic concepts in programming that we had discussed. These basic concepts include the innate data types which are internal data types of C plus plus. So, what are those data types? Int, float and care, these are the three data types. There is a Boolean data type which we have not discussed, we will not bother about it right now. But, how are these numbers represented? What are the operations on these numbers? How do we define variables? How locations are get allocated and so on? And more importantly, if there are expressions involving these variables, so x plus y minus z divided by something etcetera, etcetera, how are those expressions evaluated? If there is a mixture of integer and floating point, how does the conversion happen? If there is a care variable, then can it be converted into something else? These are some of the issues that we need to understand. The assignment operation is the one which allocates a value to a variable. We will see the assignment statement very briefly. These are of course, very preliminary things. The more important thing is as we write instructions in our program, they are executed. Normally, they are executed sequentially, one after another and that is what we call sequential execution. But, we may want to conditionally execute some statements. We want to say, if something is greater than this, then do this, otherwise do this. For that, there are instructions in C plus plus which are if, if else, if else if and a special instruction called switch. So, these are the instructions which permit us to specify in our program that execute this, only if this condition is true, otherwise execute something else. Equally important is an extension of this decision making flow control, where not only we want to conditionally do this or do that, but we want to say iteratively do this. Keep on doing this again and again and again and again and again. And for example, if we want to add terms of a series. Now, if there are n terms, we are not going to write n instructions. We want to execute a simple body which will iterate n times and find out some of n terms. Such iterative control is available in C plus plus through three specific instructions. One is called the while loop, the other is called the for loop and the last one is called the do while. These are the three instructions for iterative execution. Having understood these and seen some of the examples which we will illustrate here, we then move on to a concept of handling elements of the same type. So, suppose I have 2000 integer values, I have 500 floating point values say marks and I want to do some computations using those. Then how do I store those values? For that, you have the notion of an array. Array is a collection of elements. So, we will see how arrays are defined, how they are used. In particular, the iterative structures that we would have discussed are most important in handling arrays because you do not handle arrays element by element. You handle arrays through a loop structure. More importantly, an array of characters is regarded in C plus plus as a string like a name or whatever symbols that you want to give. So, we will study how such strings are handled to store let us say names of people, to find out which character occurs here, to find out what is the composition of string, to copy one string from one array to another, to read names, etcetera, etcetera.  And finally, we have multidimensional arrays. We have taken one example of an image processing in the class. I may or may not discuss this multidimensional arrays depending upon how much time it takes and if I get to discuss it, then I will include a question on that in the quiz. If I do not get to discuss it, then I will not have a question. So, you need not worry from a perspective of the examination. So, we start with the discussion on basic data types. So, can you tell me what are the basic data types which C plus plus supports? Sorry, int. So, int stands for what? Integer values. How much of storage is occupied by one integer value? 4 bytes. Sometimes normally 4 bytes, but sometimes it could be either 2 or even 8. The integers that you handle on Ubuntu using C plus plus are all 4 byte integers. If you write a short int, then it may become 2 bytes and long int could be 8 bytes. And there is also a unsigned care which is 1 byte which is also treated as an int. So, strictly speaking, 1, 2 or 8 is the correct description. Ordinarily, however, it is 4 bytes. And the internal representation, again with which we do not have to do much, but we note that it is represented as a binary number and it is usually in 2's complement form internally or a signed form. And the range is from minus 2 to the power 31 to plus 2 to the power 31 minus 1. That is the range in a 4 byte integer. Then there is a float data type. It has typically fractional values and it also has large or small values. How many bytes does a float occupy? 4 bytes. Although optionally it can have 8. If you just say double, so double is 8 bytes. But we have been mostly using 4 byte floating body. Please note that these values are represented as a mantissa and exponent. So, there are a few bits which go for mantissa and a few bits which go for exponent. Typically, although it is not necessarily standard, exponent occupies 8 bits and mantissa occupies 24 bits. I am saying typically this is an internal representation. The point is that internal representation of floating point is completely different from integer. And that is why integer numbers and floating point numbers cannot be mixed or added as we would have ordinary numbers. Then there is a basic data type called CARE which handles what? One symbol, one ASCII symbol. And this is always, this is also equivalent and end because ASCII codes are between 0 to 255. So, therefore any character is treated internally by C++ as if it was an integer number. So, you can actually assign a character value to an integer variable and the equivalent ASCII code value will get assigned there. So, number it is treated almost as a number. But when you use it as a character, it will display for example as a character output as a character, etcetera. There is another data type called BOOL which we will not bother about. The Boolean, it search for Boolean, it has only two possible values, true or false and that is used to store any decision that you might have made in your program earlier. But we are not bothering with that for the time being. Double is a version of float. So, just as int has short or long. Long int means 8 bytes, short int means two bytes. Similarly, double is a version of float. Double means it is doubly wide float. So, that float is 8 bytes. 8 bytes is how many bytes? 64 bytes. So, what they do is in 64 bytes, they extend the exponent instead of 8 bytes to 12 or 16 bytes and all the remaining bits are used for mantissa. So, the precision is much larger. If you have a 4 byte float, the precision is usually 6 to 7 decimal digits only, nothing more than that. Since most of the data types are arithmetic data types, the operations will also be arithmetic type. First we consider the definition of variables. So, how do we define integer variables? For example, we may say int m, n, p, this is one way of defining. So, you write the keyword int followed by the names of the variables that you have. Each one gets allocated memory 4 bytes. Similarly, you can define floating point variables. How do I do that? What do I write? And I could have let us say k, x, y, etc. Similarly, I can define character variables. So, I can say k, a, b, whatever. Int and float variables are given 4 bytes each. Care variable is given 1 byte each. The operations on these variables are typically of the type of arithmetic operations. So, first we consider expression. So, suppose these are the definitions which I have made earlier and suppose I say p is equal to 5 plus 3 star m minus 16 star n. So, can you tell me how this expression will be evaluated? This is an expression you all understood. What will be done first? First will be which multiplication? There are two multiplications. So, you know the precedence order. What is higher precedence in arithmetic operations? Multiplication and division. Next order addition subtraction. And if there are operations at the same level, then those operations are carried out from left to right. So, ordinarily this will be done first. Some result will be obtained. Then the expression changes. It now becomes 5 plus result minus 16 star n. Now, 16 star n is higher priority. So, this will be done next. Now, the expression becomes 5 plus result 1 minus result 2. And then you add or subtract, you will get the final. What is important to note is that in the expression, when the variables are of the same type, then the result is also of the same type. For example, if I were to say m is equal to 7 by 3, what is the value of m? Why 2 and not 2 point something? Because m is integer. No, that is not the result. It is because 7 is integer and 3 is integer. There is a difference between the two. Please note that on the left hand side, what is written, it does not matter. For example, suppose I had said x is equal to 7 by 3. So, according to your logic, since x is floating point, 7 by 3 should translate into 2 point something something. That is not correct. When the expression is evaluated, c plus plus does not look at the left hand side at all of the assignment operation. Expression is first evaluated, independent of what it is assigned to. It may be assigned to anything in the world, but it does not matter. C plus plus looks only like a blinker horse, which looks only at the street. It looks at expression. So, what is this expression? x is equal to 7 by 3. Expression is 7 by 3. 7 is integer, 3 is integer. So, the division that will be done will be integer division. The result will be not 2 point something something, but just 2. And then 2 will be assigned to the left hand side. In the case of m equal to 7 by 3, it will assign m equal to 2. In the case of x equal to 7 by 3, it will assign x equal to equivalent of 2.0. That means it will convert 2 into floating point and assign, but the expression evaluation is supreme. So, again remove this from your mind that the calculations depend upon what is the left hand side type. It has nothing to do with it. Expression is the most important. Understood? Okay. If you have a mixed mode operation, for example, suppose I say y is equal to 5.26 multiplied by m divided by 7 plus 3.28 multiplied by n divided by n divided by n divided by n divided by 2.5. So, this is an expression m and n are integer y is floating point. So, can you tell me what will be done? How will this expression be evaluated? First it will do what? First it will do division m by 7. Why? How many division multiplication operators are there? Two multiplications and two divisions. When the operators are at the same level of precedence, how is the expression evaluated? From left to right. On the left, what is the expression? 5.26 into m. So, this will be evaluated first because this is left to right. Now, notice that when you evaluate this, m is integer, 5.26 is floating point. So, what will happen? m will be converted to floating point, will be multiplied by 5.26 and the result will be floating point. After that, the floating point result will be divided by 7. Now, what is to be divided by is floating point. What dividend is integer? So, what will happen? 7 will get converted first to floating point and the result will be floating point. That is how this expression will work correctly. Suppose you have written m by 7 first and then said multiply by this, then what will happen? m is integer, 7 is integer, integer division would have resulted, you would have lost the fraction, the result would be integer. Now, that when it is multiplied by 5.26, that integer will be converted to floating point but already you have lost some fraction. So, it is very very important to remember this, that when you have a mixed mode operation, then expression first decides what is to be calculated. First, what is to be calculated next? Then when it decides it has to calculate this, this meaning there are two terms and some operation division star plus minus and there are two operands. So, then it will examine whether operands are of the same type. If operands are of the same type, result will be of that. If operands are of different type, integer will be converted to floating point and then the result will be floating point and this is applied piece by piece to the entire expression. After you have calculated the value of the entire expression, then you get one result value. It could be integer or floating point, you do not know what it is. That value is now assigned to the left hand side variable. So, that is the time when the C plus plus compiler looks at y, not before that. It does not therefore matter what is y, integer, character, float does not matter. It does not look at y at all. Till it has calculated the entire expression, it has got one value now. Now, it will say okay, I got this value, I have this variable. Now, if this variable is integer, value is integer, I assign. If variable is float, value is int, I convert into floating point. Say 13, 13.0, I will say if the variable is integer and the value is float, say I say n is equal to some value which is 7.35. So, what will get assigned to n? If n is integer, integer. So, what it will do? It will not give any error. n is equal to 7.5 is a valid statement or 7.35. What it will do is, it will remove all the fractional part. It does not matter what is the fraction. 7.99, it will make it 7 only. So, n will have a value 7. So, please make sure that you understand these basic things. That whenever assignment is done, at that time, C plus plus looks at the type of the left hand side variable, not till then. Till then, it is evaluating expression. And any long expression, even if it has 35 terms, so many additions, subtractions, brackets, this, that, ultimately it will give you one value and that value will be either integer or float. Whatever is that value, that is now assigned to the left hand side. Is that clear? There is an operation called modulo. This is applied to integers only. So, for example, 173 modulo 10. So, what is the value? 173 modulo 10. Sorry, 3. So, this will result in a value 3. So, what it does essentially? It divides 173 by 10 and finds out the remainder. What will be 173 divided modulo 100? 173. What is 173 modulo 1000? So, you see this is how you can extract things. Now, this modulo operator is extremely useful if you want to determine individual digits of a number. For example, if I have a program wherein I have defined int n and let us say I want to find out the first digit and the fourth digit of a four digit number. So, suppose it is a four digit number. Four digit number will be what? Not 00001 is not a four digit number. 00001 is 1. So, 1 digit number. So, what is the smallest four digit number? 1000. What is the largest four digit number? 99. So, suppose four digit number is given and now you are asked, find the sum of first and the last digit. So, if you have given n as 5174 and you want to find out the sum of the first and the last digit, then how much is that sum? First digit is 5, last digit is 4, sum should be 9. How will you find out in a program? Now, finding out last digit is simple, modulo 10. So, you say d1 is equal to n modulo 10. We will write a command, find last digit. Now, how will you find the first digit? Which I have designated by some variable, say d2. Sorry, divide by 1000. What will happen when you divide by 1000? 5174 divided by 1000, ordinarily would have been 5.174, but since both are integer, it will be only 5. So, find first digit and now suppose you want to calculate say sum, I will define an additional variable called sum here and say sum is equal to d1 plus. So, understood? This is very simple. So, let me give you a problem. Sorry, 1000 digit and 10th digit. See, the digits in any number are counted as unit digit, 10th digit, 100th place, 1000th place, 10th thousand place, etcetera. So, suppose the number given is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1000 digit is 2 and 10th digit is 4. So, sum should be 6. If the number given is 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 1000 digit is 9 and 10 digit is 2. So, the sum should be 9 plus 2 equal to 11. Suppose, somebody gives you a number 3, 4, 5. So, what is the 1000 digit is 0, which is here non-existent plus 4, which is this digit is equal to. Suppose, somebody gives you only a single digit, 7, then 0, 0. Get the problem? It is important to first understand such problems. If you make a mistake in understanding, you will have a problem. Now, in the exam, sometimes I try to give an example like this, so that you will understand. But if example is not given, you should write an example. And you should write 2, 3 examples. So, this will happen. If this is so, this will happen. This is so, this will happen. And tell, write your program. So, how will you write your program? We will write our program in this space. So, we will define int n, that is required. Anything else is required? Int, let us say, d 1, d 2. And also, I will require int sum, because I want to find out the sum. Now, I start by saying, see in n. Of course, normally you will say, see out, please give the value of n, etcetera, etcetera. So, this is the number given. Now, the tens digit is very simple. How will you find? d 1 is equal to n modulo 10. But now, you do not know how many digits are there. So, how will you find the thousands digit? Why? The earlier trick will not work, n divided by thousand which digits? So, suppose you say, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 divided by thousand. What will happen? How much? So, you see, if the number is large, dividing by thousand will not help, because you will get all the punchal law of all the earlier digits there as division by thousand. So, what should you do? Yes. So, divide by ten thousand, you will get 12. Suppose, the value was 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, you would have got 6, 7, 8, 9. Now, whatever is that number? That number ends with the thousand digit. So, for that new number, if you get the last digit, you got the thousand digit. So, the correct thing will be n divided by thousand modulo 10. So, it should be what? So, this is not correct. It should be n divided by 100, because you see, I am not getting the units digit. I want the tens digit. Same logic will apply. Same logic will apply if ten digit, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is the number. Then, if I say simply n modulo 10, n modulo 100, let us say, or n divided by 100, I will not get the tens digit. n divided by 10, I will not get the tens digit. I will get all the digits before that. So, I first find out n divided by 100, and then take modulo 10. But what number will I get? n divided by 10 modulo 10. Apply this logic to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is the number. What is n divided by 100? 1, 2, 3. The last digit is 100th place digit, not the tens place digit. What we want is 4, not 3. So, it should be n divided by 100. It should be n divided by 10. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 divided by 10 will give you what? 1, 2, 3, 4. So, 4 is the last digit of that n divided by 10. And when you take modulo of that, you will get the last digit. Is this clear to everybody? So, these are simple tricks, but where we can make a mistake? Now, how did we correct ourselves? It was a mistake first, but somebody thought, and how did somebody think that somebody actually calculated? Okay, if this is the value 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, what will happen? If I divide by 100, what will happen? If I divide by 10, what will happen? If I take modulo 10, what will happen? You should never answer a question without trying out one such value. And whether example is given or not, it doesn't matter. You should write an example. You should write an example of a larger number, smaller number, and see whether your program works correctly. Got it? So, while it is simple, but you can make a very simple mistake, and you may get a zero. Whereas you actually understand what it is, but you are not able to correctly judge what should be right. And this mistake may happen any time. Is that clear? So, always construct a small example quickly. It will take 1 minute more, half a minute more, nothing more than that. Can I consider that you have understood expression evaluation, use of modulo, conversion from integer to floating point, floating point to integer, etcetera, etcetera. Okay, no confusion there. Particularly, two things to remember. Integer divided by integer gets you an integer, and you lose fractional path. But floating point divided by integer, integer is converted to floating. Similarly, in assignment, floating point assigned to a floating point value, no problem. Floating point assigned to an integer value, no problem. X is equal to 10. 10 will become 10.0. But integer assigned to a floating point value, you lose fraction. N is equal to 17.53. N will remain only 70 if the N is defined as integer. Fine? So, no issue on that.


Hello, in this lecture we will define cost of goods completed. According to fundamental accounting principles, while the 22nd edition, the definition of cost of goods completed is, total manufacturing costs, direct materials, direct labor and factory overhead for period plus beginning working process, less ending working process, also called cost of goods manufactured. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course, each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files and more, like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. When we're considering the cost of goods completed, we are considering a manufacturing company generally, meaning a company that manufactures inventory rather than purchasing and selling inventory. We are making the inventory and therefore, within our cost of goods sold calculation, we will need to replace the purchases with the cost of goods completed, cost of goods completed being the raw materials, the direct labor and the factory overhead involved in the production process. So don't get confused between the cost of goods completed calculation and the cost of goods sold calculation, cost of goods sold being a calculation that we would have even if we were a merchandising company where we have the beginning costs plus purchases. In this case, we're going to replace purchases with cost of goods completed because we're not buying the inventory, we're buying raw material, but then we're producing the inventory, including direct labor and overhead to the raw materials that will give us the amount available for sale and the cost of goods sold minus the Indian inventory gives us the cost of goods sold. We need this number in order to do the cost of goods sold calculation. We need this report then to get the cost of goods completed number, cost of goods completed. Any inventory will include and it's really important to remember this that inventors not just raw materials, even if we purchase the inventory and then resell it at some point along the way the cost, the value of that inventory includes raw materials, direct labor and overhead. Raw materials plus the things that we needed to convert that raw material into what we now are using. This will give us the costs. We're going to calculate the costs for the period, the month or the year of raw materials, labor and factory overhead. That will give us the total manufacturing costs for that month or year, the time period. And then if we have, we don't in this example, but if we had beginning inventory that was in there at the beginning, we would have to add that to the cost of this time period given us the total cost in work and process, the work that's not quite done yet. And then if we had stuff that was left over at the end, we would have to subtract that out to give us the cost of goods completed, that number then being useful and used in the cost of goods sold calculation.


Summertime is kind of our busiest time on Pat Dye Field preparing the field for the next season. The unique thing about Pat Dye Field is it's 419 Tifway Bermuda grass until about mid-October and then we oversee with perennial rye grass so that we'll have green grass throughout the year. Every year is a little different so we just kind of have a baseline a guideline that we like to follow and then we just kind of let the let the field tell us what it needs as we move along but during the summers we're mowing two to three to four times a week depending on the weather. We rely heavily on our turf grass school here so that if there's a question we want answered we'll answer it through research. We're calling Dr. Hahn to see what he's seeing around the state. What's he seeing in terms of weeds? We're trying to get a head start to know what's coming before it hits us. The second that the game ends we bring the mower out we cut the grass we're trying to begin the healing process from that game. The one good thing about athlete traffic is they're kind of ripping and tearing the grass. Field can recover quicker from athlete traffic than it can with a cheerleader and marching band member stomping in place or with fans rushing the field and stomping on the field. We're doing coltable practices and fertility practices and fine-tuning the field. We got a group of guys who are very educated, who are very experienced. Our whole crew is unwavering in our commitment to make sure that we provide the best playing surfaces for athletes and especially on that pad by field.


single-cell ionasequencing, SC-ionasec, provides valuable insights into human islet cell types and their corresponding stable gene expression profiles. However, this approach requires cell dissociation which complicates its utility in vivo. On the other hand, single-nucleus ionasequencing, SN-ionasec, has compatibility with frozen samples, elimination of dissociation induced transcriptional stress responses, and affords enhanced information from entronic sequences that can be leveraged to identify pre-m-ionase transcripts. We obtained nuclear preparations from fresh human islet cells and generated SN-ionasec datasets. We compared these datasets to SC-ionasec output obtained from human islet cells from the same donor. We employed SN-ionasec to obtain the transcriptomic profile of human islets engrafted in immunodeficient mice. In both analyses, we included the entronic reads in the SN-ionasec data with the GRCH38-2020, a library. First, SN-ionasec analysis shows that the top for differentially and selectively expressed genes in human islet endocrine. This article was authored by Randy B. Kang, Yang Sway Lee, Carolina Rosslet, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


This sandstone, and then you amplify it with the tiger's eye, there's something about those combinations that is a complete appetite suppressant. I literally feel like, well I've never done it, but like if you did meth or cocaine, you know how they all get thin and they like are strung out? I mean the thin part. You got my marbles! Oh Kimmy, Kimmy, Kim, you are really making me lose my marbles or should I say my beads? Hey guys it's Madison Harnish back in my blue kitchen for another crazy video and this video is a very much needed update on my video MLM magic beads and first off I have a few things I want to say about that video in particular. I want to thank everyone for all of the support shown on that video. It truly upsets me, the scammers in the world that get away with making false claims and spreading misinformation and I'm so happy that light was able to be shed on this particular situation and what is happening with Kim Marshall. I want to give a huge thanks to the reddit community r slash unique presenter KM. That was a huge research resource in that video and though I included them in a link in the description for my research resources, I did not credit them in the video and I personally take issue with that on that video so I want to remedy that and say the subreddit r slash unique presenter KM is a great subreddit that you can check out for usual updates on this situation. Though today in this video itself I'm mainly going to talk about my own research that I have been doing recently. There's been a lot of changes to this situation and a lot of updates and I just had to talk about it. Today we are really diving into the science here, like really diving in. If you're not subscribed but you enjoy deep dives into unethical business practices and scams going on in the world then you'll probably like this channel so definitely don't forget to subscribe and give this video a thumbs up and well let's get into the video. For those of you who don't know who unique presenter KM or Kim Marshall is, she is a very public figure in the unique makeup MLM. She's an orange level presenter at least to my knowledge and is also known for her own Facebook page Primp and Pucker where she does a lot of live streams and promotes a lot of products. As you probably already noticed in this video I am going to nobler her face and I'm going to be saying her name saying her social medias. I'm doing this because she's a very public figure.  The biggest controversy highlighted in my initial video was about how KM was shilling these bracelets as if they're these magical bracelets that can heal all of your ailments.  Now what has happened since then her website is nowhere to be found and instead when you go on to primpandpucker.com you are automatically redirected to Kim's unique page. Everything on that website seems to be completely wiped out. Also as of recently she has been talking a lot more about her affiliate codes and mentioning them more often. It also seems like overall Kim is making more of an effort to point out that she is not making claims with what she's saying about her beads. Where's the claim you ask? It's right there. But I will say I don't think she's doing that as well as she thinks she is which is what I'm going to talk about today. Now we're about to dive into this but I have one more thing I want to say before we do. I want to reiterate that this is not a hate video. It's not. This is not a drama video. I don't want beef with Kim. In fact I'm really happy with the changes that have been made even if they're very small changes.  I want her to do good. In this video I will not comment on her appearance even though she kind of looks like Karen Tron 9000. Okay just that one time I just had to but besides that I'm not going to comment on her appearance. I'm not going to make digs on her grammar. I also get digs on my grammar all the time. People pick apart an argument because someone spelled or pronounced a word wrong that really has nothing to do with the general argument a person is making. And I also don't want to talk about her family or her personal life whatsoever. I just will not go there but I will talk about her unethical business practices and some shady things that she is doing because my passion in what I'm trying to do with my channel is highlight scams and unethical practices that are going on that may be illegal or at the very least extremely unethical and that's what we're going to dive into today. To give more pretext to what I'm about to share with you guys I have to highlight two very important terms. Let me bring my little laptop closer. Because we are debunking all of Kim Marshall's studies that she is done on these crystals in her beads there are two very important terms when it comes to debunking arguments. The first one is argument from ignorance. Argument from ignorance also known as appeal to ignorance is a fallacy and informational logic. It asserts that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false or a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true. An example of this that's particularly important is false positives often seen in anecdotal evidence superstitions correlation causation fallacies and experiments with a very small sample size. For example I took a placebo pill and now my symptoms are completely gone. The placebo cured my symptoms correlation does not equal causation. The other thing I want to cover is anecdotal evidence which was slightly referenced in the argument from ignorance anecdotal evidence is evidence from anecdotes evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony. So Kim has been up to a lot recently. In fact a lot of stuff that is extremely appalling to me. Now I'm not sure if she's doing it simply to get attention. I think that there is a lot of people nowadays who prescribe to the idea that all press is good press but when it comes to doing shady and maybe illegal practices that's not the case. First thing I want to go into is luckily something I saw recently in the middle of doing this research. Let's check out Kim Marshall's Instagram story. So these beads okay these have not left my hand I have been going on and on about them okay for some time.  What does that sound like? Kind of sounds like a false positive. Correlation doesn't mean causation just because you had beads on your wrist for an extended period of time and then found that you didn't have hunger cravings means somehow that these beads aren't making you hungry. Tell me how does that work? How do beads just block hunger signals from reaching you? How? But if anything having beads that block hunger signals sounds extremely dangerous not as exciting as you're making it sound Kim Marshall. I cannot tell you.  Anecdotal evidence just because everyone's experiencing something doesn't mean it's true that would be mass hysteria and mass hallucinations that have been recorded throughout history would be valid just because everyone experiences it. I cannot believe it I just cannot like I'm having to make myself eat. Why is this a good thing you want to lose weight not because you are like starving yourself and not feeling hungry you want to lose weight by living a healthier life eating healthy foods that make you feel full and satiated and being active in life not only is that the best and most effective way to lose weight and live a healthy life but it's also so much more fulfilling you're so much happier as a person when you're doing that as opposed to wearing a beaded bracelet that somehow is allowing you or causing you to starve what the and because it's so much more prevalent because I haven't worn these for so long because when I I couldn't show you guys for a long time because they weren't ready to launch but Megan has been showing me some messages and talking to me about things that people are saying to her like oh my god I can see the change in Kim I can totally see it you guys it is this combination there's something about this combination wearing two of the trios and not taking them off I I mean I am not I don't even want to eat two of the trios let's see how expensive that is two trios so yeah for some reason it's not only effective to have one trio which is three bracelets but you have to purchase two and wear them I accidentally clicked bombshell breeds instead of bombshell beads yikes the weight loss trio there we go the weight loss trio is 145 and Kim is trying to tell us that we need to purchase two of those two that's $290 so that you can supposedly not have hunker signals I was just in doing some paperwork somewhere and they have a little little snack bar and I walked by it you guys I didn't like the potato chips I was like granola bars like cheesy crackers these must be the beads hashtag must be the beads okay so I walked by like the concession stand snack bar area and if you have ever struggled with your weight like I have my entire life okay I got called names in high school I have always always been someone that has struggled with my weight my entire life I mean literally my entire life I feel like this is targeting people who are really struggling with their weight and who are more vulnerable because of that because maybe they've dealt with being made fun of they've dealt with adversity and social issues their whole life it's disgusting life and I cannot tell you the tourmaline was huge for me because it wasn't you know uh reduces water weight inflammation that kind of thing but this sandstone and then you amplify it with the tiger's eye there is something about those combinations that is a complete appetite suppressant I literally feel like well I've never done it but like if you did meth or cocaine you know how they all get thin and they like are strung out no I mean the thin part like you guys I cannot what mentioning skinny and skinny I guess I should add a part about why this angers me so so much apart from even everything else when I was 14 I was in a modeling agency and I was told constantly to lose more and more weight because they wanted to brand me as heroin skinny that was the exact terminology they used using a drug addiction or a drug problem as a way to market something that is desirable that people should want is disgusting it's gross it should never be a thing ever okay so in conclusion I'm sorry I went into a lot of detail there but I if you don't think that they work or you're gonna send me a nasty message just go on I don't care okay this is not for you but if this is something that you're intrigued by how convenient these beads are just they're not for me yeah and you want more information go to my facebook page watch the video that the live video that I did on it when I explained exactly how it worked oh we're gonna Kim we're gonna watch that just stay tuned we're gonna get to that I give you scientific proof how it works they change your life and today is the last day for 25 off site-wide you can get anything your heart desires and then it will go back to 20 percent after midnight tonight but I'm telling you you guys this is something that is extraordinary that I feel like it's I cannot believe that we discover it and this is exactly what I wear two duos I can't believe you discovered it either Kim I can't believe that because I'm wondering if this is truly so extraordinary if this is truly so extraordinary why haven't doctors discovered it how come it's you Kim who's wanting to sell this magical product instead of maybe giving it to medicine if it's truly that life transforming or giving it away to charities yeah thought so that or excuse me two trios I cannot and then she shares her code which it's a little weird after talking about wearing a bead that makes you not feel hungry to share a discount code on then purchasing said expensive bead stone there are each bead they're completely irregular and completely different love how she's adding this I think because of the whole controversy about how her beads might not be real then on her instagram story she shares testimonials I received these gorgeous bracelets the other day and thank you again for introducing me to bombshell beads if it's beneficial for you why do you care how they look you know like I think about other medical products we use they're not made to look pretty because they do something beneficial for you if something's made to look pretty nine times out of ten it's not something that has a truly medical purpose she circles the beads and says crazy hair but that collarbone be popping once again coming from the modeling industry where eating disorders and problems around eating is very popular we were getting compliments if our collarbones were popping more than usual there was one time where you could see the rib bones on my chest and that was celebrated because of how skinny I looked that you could see the rib bones that you could see my shoulder bones in just to come from that and see that kind of language with someone trying to sell magic beaded bracelets it's promoting such an unhealthy idea of what it is to be healthy another upsetting one oh my gosh she posts stones specific to the virus healing stones and she circles her code she circles her discount code saying stone specific to the virus report report report this is not okay I'm like is she doing this deliberately is she somehow doing this because she knows it'll set people off like I just don't get it oh kim dash marshal dot com oh so here's some new facts actually you know how earlier I said her crimping pucker website looks down it's not the website name was just changed she changed the website name to kim dash marshal wow every single positive thing I just had to say about her and how she has made adjustments and made changes I take that all back are you kidding me you know that that website crimping pucker was starting to get eyes on it so you change the website name I cannot believe you literally I tried in the very beginning of this video to say positive things about this person and then every single positive thing I had to say was completely wrong I urge you guys if you believe that illegal actions are happening here as I do currently I'm providing in a comment in this video pinned to the top a link to the ftc website where she can be reported this needs to stop to say beads can help with the virus no no another one weight loss trio testimonies coming in hot I know just this evening I told my husband and said I don't have an appetite lately I'm really not hungry yes thank you lord as mentioned in the other video a way for people to skate around making claims directly about their product is to provide testimonials and to use their own testimonial instead of blatantly saying this will make you not hungry she's saying I've been wearing this and I'm not hungry and this person says the same thing what could it be maybe some bs on my wrist I'm being mean I'm being mean but I'm upset I'm sorry I'm really upset another Instagram story all in red people they work period with a message that says hi Megan I just saw Kim marshals video and she was talking about the sunstone and I'm like oh gee yes me too more oops more energy and not hungry all by another placebos are real guys I don't think I highlighted this in the other video but if you're a part of the crystal community I respect you this video is not to bash on you you are free to believe whatever you want I have an issue with this woman taking those beliefs and creating outrageous claims and outrageous stories surrounding crystals and their benefits to shill out to her audience relentlessly that is my issue Kim makes a few videos where she tries to pretend like there's a bunch of studies around crystals and their benefits and we're debunking them all by the way the sun is going down right now I'm going to try and film this video and just power through it and hope that it just doesn't go completely dark out before I finish this video but just letting you guys know if it becomes dark or have to film on another day that's just what's going on right now anyways I came across this video with Kim Marshall as well and this is one of her Facebook live streams offensive and mad and I just why would you get mad if something works that's all natural we're not mad because something works and it's all natural we're mad because it doesn't work and you're claiming it does enhances the effects of the other stones and the best way that I can put it in layman's terms is first of all go watch my video about bracelets because I give tons of tangible evidence from Harvard professors and no and lots and lots of scientists but um similar to the way refluxology works okay that there are specific areas on your body refluxology refluxology similar to the way refluxology works you'll notice throughout these videos Kim throws out these random terms that are kind of obscure and it makes her sound intelligent and like what she's saying is like an actual sentence that makes sense but it doesn't this is all just BS as much as her beads are and we're going to talk about it though because she wanted to throw out the studies we're going to debunk all of them today one by one just to show how much of a scammer this woman really is refluxology so she's saying her beads work similar to the way refluxology works refluxology also known as zone therapy is an alternative medicine practice involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feets and hands feets this is done using specific thumb finger and hand massage techniques without the use of oil or lotion it's based on a pseudoscientific system of zones and reflux areas that purportedly reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands what and what does that have to do with crystals or beads in 2015 the australian government's department of health published the results of a review of alternative therapies that sought to determine if any were suitable for being covered by health insurance refluxology was one of the 17 therapies evaluated for which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found so to say that you have research from harvard medical doctors and then you cite refluxology which has no evidence of any benefits that's absolutely absurd that correspond with different things and stones made from the earth have vibrational energy right stones made from the earth have vibrational energy okay right and we have vibrational energy like our we have vibrational energy so i was actually really curious about whether or not stones have vibrational energy i googled crystals and vibrational energy nothing came up i actually had to dig really deep the only thing i could find was a physics site where someone asks any scientific basis behind crystal energy and there's three answers crystals have internal energy including some energy associated with molecular vibrations amorphous materials have internal energy including some energy associated with molecular vibrations in addition to molecular vibrations crystals can exhibit mechanical macroscopic vibrations an example of a resonant macroscopic vibrator is a tuning fork but note that most tuning forks are made am of amorphous metals crystals offer no special benefit here either a few crystals exhibit the piezoelectric effect a mechanical stress induces an electric field and vice versa this is not specific to crystals polymers such as polyvinyl lydeen sorry if i pronounced that wrong fluoride also exhibit the same effect in some there's no special energy that crystals have that other materials do not have and they say scams googling your keyword in your question i found this site which claims crystal energy is the power that crystals naturally give off and that you're able to use to heal yourself this claim is nonsense each stone okay has a unique vibrational um code and and that speaks to our body think of it this way shaman's healers things from the earth um directly correlate with humans and so that's exactly what happens so similar to an oil which is a distilled plant um it works with our body and these freaking work like shaman's healers things from the earth there's no evidence that oils work with our body as highlighted in my young living video but i think that what kim is trying to do here is use this practice of essential oils which you should not ingest and you should be cautious of because animals can be very deathly allergic to them she's trying to jump on that to pedal these crystal beads too and try and make it become like an essential oil thing i don't think very many people are buying it especially with the price of those bracelets i'm living proof of that you've seen my journey everyone else that can give you um that has purchased them that you know has lowered their blood pressure gotten off their medication which i'm not recommending so don't at me you aren't recommending but you kind of are alluding to the fact that it's possible i say alluding to the fact a lot but you are saying it's possible it's not possible for beads on your wrist to help you stop taking your medication it's not other things can help you maybe beads cannot but i'm telling you they are life changers and they people get so defensive and mad and i just why would you get mad if something works that's all natural i mean get over it it doesn't work though it doesn't and just because you are claiming it works for you doesn't mean it does by the way you are in this video throughout this video you say this works it works that sounds like a claim to me the best video has to be kim marshal's science video and must i say kim you look dashing and particularly intelligent much intellect in this video love the glasses what different cultures use these force okay used these four okay in india they used in sun healing rituals grease it was used for depression it's dedicated to the sun god helios and native americans offered it for protection from the evil spirits saying that a specific culture use something which is why you should use it to is a version of anecdotal evidence cultures have done a lot of things that we don't do nowadays and that scientists and just people in general don't recommend it's also super predatory to claim that you should do something because cultures throughout history have done it people that do those things do it because it's a part of their culture not a practice that you can hijack to shill out your beads native americans also wore headdresses as a symbol for strength and bravery but does that mean that the white chicks wearing headdresses at coachella suddenly gained extreme strength courage and bravery no they just looked like a goon like you do kim been used since the beginning of time right when you think of before we had man-made medicine what do we have we had what the earth gave us and it's not a mistake god never ever ever makes a mistake you may think god never makes mistakes but humans definitely do like not properly disclosing their affiliate links huh kim isn't that a mistake yeah everything is intentional right they work they're amazing um rida here's what i say buy as many as your budget allows because one is better than none but it may not be enough for you to start seeing a change okay i'm sorry what did you hear that she literally just went from saying they're amazing to if you don't buy enough they won't work made by god good for you okay and there's no side effects so if i'm super depressed right i need to take depression medication i'm super upset i've got you know i just i'm in a funk right when i take medication guess what happens there's side effects that come with that guess what happens with these not a damn thing i'm sorry what did you say what happens when you use those say that again not a damn thing not a damn thing oh okay makes sense let me google the side effects of not properly treating your depression oh yeah the funniest part of all of this is side effects happen because a medication is actually interacting with your body because it's actually interacting and making a change to your body you get side effects it's very unfortunate and a lot of people won't use medications because they don't want side effects i've always been very hesitant to use medications because i get afraid of the side effects and to take advantage of people like that by saying well this has zero side effects well that's because it doesn't even work on your body the only time you're taking them off is when you come in contact with water learn to type with them i've heard that bs story so many times stop giving me the excuses stop it i don't care okay when you're like this and you have to type with them and you're gonna have to learn how to type with them do it learn how to type with them because you're not going to take them off yeah this is the one if you have some serious weight to lose here's your stack right here and i would double up here but tourmaline tiger's eye and then the sandstone yeah serious weight loss the only weight you're losing is the weight from your wallet when she steals all of your money which reminds me today's video is sponsored by do do beads with do do beads you can lose weight in the most unexpected places like your wallet maybe a piggy bank that's safe with all your savings that you keep in your closet lose all of that just cut it loose you'll have so much less weight to worry about trim all that extra fat by purchasing our poo poo do do beads and don't you ever take them off so don't forget to buy our poo poo do do bracelets and lose all that extra weight you've been carrying around hey like all the strong out drug users say if you don't have any money you don't have anything to buy food with it really is the best weight loss strategy sorry to my mother-in-law who actually bought me that bracelet that was not actually a BS beads bracelet thank you to my mother-in-law for helping me with that bit unknowingly let me do tourmaline real quick while i have this one up okay and i have all kinds of studies they're crazy but listen to this okay so tourmaline when it's affected by heat it replaces moisture with negative ions negative ions are ions are prevalent in nature usually at a waterfall or after a thunderstorm when you're in the presence of negative ions you develop a positive feeling one of the reasons for these positive vibes is the fact that negative ions remove toxins such as pollutants and chemicals from your body no well toxins aren't a real thing along with the energy from your body the energy from tourmaline will protect you from pathogens radiation and other external harms nope pretty much nothing can protect you from radiation tourmaline will assist with the functions of the intestines and colon when you digest food efficiently your metabolism will increase you go to the restroom all the time because you're full of the same BS that you're selling it is negative ions assist with the physical health as well as mental health and a perfect example of cell regeneration tourmaline is the perfect example of cell regeneration are you serious are we even on the same planet have i stumbled into a completely different dimension and that's why everything this lady is saying makes absolutely no logical sense to me she's saying that tourmaline can help regenerate your cells what planet have i stumbled onto you silly doctors you don't need stitches or bandages throw that baby on some tourmaline and it'll do the rest okay and these right here and i will make sure and put them these are all studies on pub med amount tourmaline and how they are so effective that stone is so effective for everything i just told you and i know that i went into so much detail but it's very very important that you understand how much these stones are attributed to your overall health right first off i have no idea what she's talking about with pub med and how these are all pub med studies they are literally all arguments of ignorance and they are all false positive arguments so i have no idea what she's saying from what it looks like she doesn't even link the articles anywhere she just shows them from her ipad on the screen still i'm gonna link an article down below on how you can determine if a study is a fake study or a biased study which it seems like all of these definitely are how can any of these be scientific studies she doesn't even reference when she speaks about them who the study was from she mentions harvard at the very very beginning but doesn't mention where what study that was that she talks about doesn't mention anything about the sources of these studies and these studies also use phrases like positive feelings vibes and toxins which are illegitimate phrases to use they're not scientific terms in any way um which ones help with um aiding in uh gut health um amethyst is a huge one it regulates gut gut flora with reinforces immunity sunstones right here is going to aid in digestion this is what increases your metabolism which is so important for gut health so damn important for gut health people are asking her about specific conditions and she is recommending them to purchase one of these bracelets depending on their condition once again ftc report link pinned in the comments down below do with that what you'd like um anything for yes this is the this stone that's just released tonight robin this is the supreme stone for depression the supreme and its sunstone it is supreme and it's a very top that helps with depression alleviates depression okay and um it's going that that's why i did does this not make sense to everybody someone asked what bead she recommends for depression and without thinking about it without hesitating without recommending they seek professional help she told them they should purchase this bracelet even just saying also seek professional help nope she just said this bracelet helps with depression this bracelets for depression never said also if you're dealing with depression seek medical help a professional that's not trying to scam you and get all of your money it's disgusting and i am so heated right now kim has a lot of disclaimers on every post she makes and it feels like it's a subtle way to threaten people who comment on her posts legitimate concerns a way to threaten them that she is going to sue them for doing so i am not afraid of kim marshal bullying me what i'm afraid of is her audience getting genuinely harmed from the advice and products that she's shilling and the shady tactics that she does to show them sorry about the lighting it's gotten really awful i should probably invest in some lighting equipment so this doesn't continue happening that's all i have to say on today's video um i really don't know what else to say a lot of this is so disheartening and yeah i'm at a loss i'm at a loss i would say like this video and subscribe and all that stuff but it feels weird to say that right after such upsetting information so you know i just hope you enjoyed this video and i hope that we can all together work to stop this i i struggle with sympathy for kim because some of this stuff is so shady and manipulative it's awful thanks for watching guys i'll see you in the next one until then have a good one


Remote sensing has become an important tool for monitoring irrigated lands over various climates and locations. Studies have shown that vegetation indices can be used to identify irrigated fields, while single-date imagery taken during peak growing season can be used to identify irrigated lands. However, multi-date image data and classification methods are necessary to differentiate between crops and to improve accuracy. At smaller scales, remote sensing has proven successful in identifying irrigated lands, but at larger scales, more work needs to be done to identify the best spectral indices, best time periods, and best classification methods under different climatological and cultural environments. Additionally, remote sensing requires further refinement with a substantial investment of time and resources for ground truthing. This article was authored by Chelsea Cervantes, Motlo Ostigan, Yang Yang, and others.


FIFO inventory valuation which stands for first in first out results in the oldest purchases being recorded as cost of goods hold Let's look at an example Let's assume the following inventory data March 1 beginning inventory is 200 units at $10 each March 4th. We purchased an additional 300 units at $20 each March 10th. We sold 400 units at $50 each now the $50 is the retail price not the cost We will need to figure out the cost of goods sold by applying FIFO valuation to our data March 20th. We purchased an additional 500 units at $30 each March 25th sold 300 units at $50 the price of $50 again. We'll figure out the cost in a minute Finally March 30th. We purchased 100 units at $40 each if you want to pause the video at this point and write down those numbers I would encourage you to do that and then just start it right up So with this data and using FIFO let's record the March 10th and 25th sales as well as determine the value of any inventory Assuming this is a perpetual inventory tracker Since this company uses the perpetual method of tracking inventory the dates of the transactions matter So we need to list them in chronological order Additionally, the purchases and sales are recorded when they happen So I like to present the same data in a big inventory T account In fact everything that I have listed here isn't dependent on the valuation method The items are the items that are dependent are the ones highlighted on the credit side of the account Let's figure out what those are So we know on March 10th, we sold 400 units at $50 each which gives us sales revenue of $20,000 But how much is cost of goods sold? Well, let's apply FIFO to figure that out We sold 400 units FIFO means first in first out. So the first units in are the 200 of beginning inventory So we sold all 200 units of beginning inventory leaving zero However, that doesn't account for all 400 units The next oldest items are March 4th We sold 200 units from here leaving 100 in inventory So we assume that the 400 units sold on March 10th came from 200 units of beginning inventory and 200 units from the March 4th purchase We total those and the costs of goods sold is $6,000 The next decision we need to make happens with a sale on March 25th We sold 300 units. So which 300 units did we sell using FIFO? The oldest purchases remaining are from March 4th We sold all 100 units leaving zero The next oldest purchases came from March 20th. We sold 200 of these leaving 300 in inventory So we assume that 300 units sold on March 25th came from 100 units from March 4th and 200 units from the March 20th purchase We total those and costs of goods sold is $8,000 Of course, the revenue comes from the fact that we sold 300 units at $50 each So what's the total amount of costs of goods sold and what's the value of the ending inventory? Costs of goods sold is the total of the credit side of the inventory account which in this case is $14,000 Ending inventory is the remaining amount on the debit side of the inventory account There are 300 units from the March 20th purchase with a cost a total cost of $9,000 and 100 units from the March 30th purchase with a total cost of $4,000 This totals 400 units and a value of $13,000 Finally if we were completing a perpetual inventory record you can see the purchases were entered in the purchase columns The units sold are recorded and notice that they total the costs of goods sold already computed March 10th $6,000 and March 25th $8,000 Finally ending inventory is a running total that results in 400 units of inventory with a cost of $13,000


And even when I did Mercy, what you talked about earlier, that was an invite. I get called to a hotel. They tell me yay is there, but yay is not there, you know what I'm saying? But they got studio set up on the top floor.  I just had a great day.   I knocked that bitch, I helped go to another room.


Lesson planning, why you should take it seriously. As a teacher, and it does not matter if you teach kids, toddler, teenagers or adults, you have to think about a wide range of things, the content of your classes, class troubles and discipline, the evolution of your students skills, time management in terms of your classes and in terms of the content development in a period of time, students assessment, schools or professional compromises, either if you work in a language school or if you're area a private teacher, how to create a nice learning environment, and so on. These are only some of the things that a teacher, in the first years of his or her career or for an experienced professional, has to manage in his or her teaching routine. 1. Values and responsibility. So thinking about all the responsibilities, a teacher has to deal with and assuming that at the end of the day, the class is the main goal of a teacher, this summative task talks about lesson planning as it tries to answer the following question, lesson planning, why you should do take it seriously. It is important to say that this summative task has a reflexive aim, once many answers for that question are possible. It is a certitude in this text that the main goal of a teacher is the class, and the class here is perceived as a place where there are students and a teacher, and where the teacher tries with his or her maximum effort create a nice, fun, clear, effective, and efficient learning process. Values as respect, politeness, and discipline, and many others, are expected to be shared in a class environment. Talking especially about the class work or teaching work itself, there are many tasks, routines, and responsibilities under a teacher concern. That is why we talk about lesson planning in this summative task, once it is seen as a valuable tool of class management and the overall organization of teaching performance. Lesson planning aims to organize the subjects, the materials used during the classes, and the pace of a course in a manner, that the teacher can manage his or work in a way of seeking the best for the students, and fulfilling all the duties he she must have while being an education professional. 2. A tool to organize your class. Once the lesson planning is a tool for organizing classes, managing discipline problems, and predicting difficulties that may occur, it tries to represent reality as much as possible. Both for a teacher who is starting a new course and for an ongoing course, a lesson plan is a tool that helps to arrange classes, and more than that, it is a record that a teacher can always check to see, how the learning process is being developed. So it is important not only to plan but also to have a file with the lesson plans, that allows visualizing how the work is being done. Each professional can use a lesson plan in their way, but maybe you may work in a school with lesson plan procedures that have to be followed. Before a class you planted, and after a class you write down what happens, what was not done, what problems you faced, what worked well and what did not work well. And on that day that something out of your control happens, for example an electricity blackout, and you have to adapt or change your class, the lesson plan can be a guide, maybe you can approach the class point differently from that of a usual class, where you simply can create a special class, for example a backyard lesson to remember some vocabulary points, even this is not what you have planned, and go back to your lesson plan in the next class. In these cases, when something unexpected happens, the lesson plan works as a guide or a recording tool, which helps a lot the teacher works. 3. ESA. Talking about methodologies planning lesson can fit to arrange classes into the methodology adopted. If you adopt the engage study and activate methodology, the lesson plan can be a way of organizing phases of the class smoothly and clearly. Once it connects one phase to another, and at the end of the class students can understand the path, they went through during the learning process. In a quick internet in English as a second language course material search, it is possible to get valuable information on the lesson planning practice. Below it is listed some important points about lesson planning, and to make this list the TSOL International Association and the British Council Teaching English websites, were visited as well as the 220 hours ITTT course material was used. A working document, it is a reference during the classes, but it should not stop you from being flexible and responding to the needs of the class. It also can work as a tool of self-evaluation, as a teacher makes some notes about each class. Having a carefully constructed lesson plan in hand, allows you to enter the classroom with considerably more confidence. It would be interesting to give some quality time in your weekly schedule for making lesson plans, and write them down, not only keep them in your mind.  Many other considerations can be made about lesson planning, but just keep in mind, that is a practice that aims to help you in your teaching routine. Especially today that there are so many materials available, internet, books, activities, etc., having a plan of action can assist you organize your work and maximize the utilization of the resources available. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. So why should you take lesson planning seriously? As said before many answers are possible but a quick one could be, lesson planning is both a way of organizing your work, and a way of making your classes even better. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here, and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


The abstract background summarizes the purpose of the study, which was to evaluate the use of virtual patients in an online learning package for diabetes acute care. The authors found that the virtual patients were well received by students and promoted engagement with the online material. Additionally, the package of online material resulted in statistically significant increases in confidence and knowledge in diabetes acute care outcomes. This article was offered by Nathaniel Patrick Andrew Quayle and James Graham Boyle.