Rhaid i gael, mae'n viadio i gael eu bwysigol. Rydw i'n gorfod, rydw i'n gweithio gael unrhyw unrhyw. Rydw i'n cael ei wneud y byddwn ni'n rhaid i gael, bod y rhan o'r rhan o'r gwaith mwy o'r gwaith. Mae'n ddechrau Pryddechau o'r dechrau yn y gwaith gyda'r ysgrifenni. Mae'n gweithio gweithio gweithio gweithio'r gwaith sydd ym gyfyrdd. Gallwch chi weithio i gyfaint gwahanol ac mae'n siaradau f Enterprise. Felly, rydyn ni'n meddwl o'r bwysig yn ddechrau ffansu ond sy'n dweud tynnaf. Felly, ydych chi'n mynd i'r rhaid i'r rhaid i fynd yn y gweithio eu rhun. Felly, rydyn ni'n neud, fy ngweld ei wneud arwng.group wedi fy nghymru a'r amser o fod yn groeswyd ysgol, am gyfan mynd i cael ei gweithio a'r idgwyl. ac sy'n dweud yn wych i gaelio'r ddweud ydych chi'n helpu ar gaelio'r ddweud y dyfyniadau. Yr hyn sy'n dwi'n dysgu'r ddweud y ddweud y dyfyniadau yn gweithio'r gwybod fwyngelau aru 9.30 am oed. Mae'r ddweud i gaelio'r ddweud i gaelio'r ddweud yn y ddweud 59 ysgrifennu. Felly mae'r ffrustraethau? Mae'r ddweud? Ydw i'r ddweud? Roedd y dyfyniadau? Roedd y ddweud. Felly, am gondol, mae'r gynonwys yn rhoi. Mae'r gynonwys yn rhoi. Mae'n rhaid i ddweud hwnnw sydd wedi eu bod nhw'n gweithio'r lleol. Mae'n gweithio mewn cyd-dwylliant. Mae'n gweithio'r polwysgawr yn bod yn rhan ffasilydd. Mae'r gweithio'r cyd-dwylliant, a'r hyn yn y gweithio'r ffasilydd, mae'n ddweud hynny. Mae'n ddweud hynny'n gweithio'r cyd-dwyll sy'n gweithio. Mae'n rhan fyddwyr gyffredig, rainfall to people so the aim for you is to catch it and if you catch it you then get the chance to speak. What I'm going to do is to make sure that we have an idea of what has been said in each of the different groups. Each of the five groups have nominated a rapporteur, the chair in fact, to just give us a sense over the next hour of what was said. Ac rwy'n credu eu ffriddio, yw'r cyfle llwyddofyd ar 이걸iaeth, llwyddofyd yn ddegol, a'i gweld uch yn gynchon hwnnw pethau yn Llywodraethau Ac, ddaeth nid i gynch yn gwybod a'u cyfeiri, yw yn cyfeiri. Mae hwn wedi byw yn maenol ac rydw i'n meddwl i'r cyflwystiau, ac mae'r долwedd yn bynnig ei fod yn mynd ydyn nhw'n gwybod yma o enrydd yna rydych yn ymgylchio. Gallwn mynd i'n gweld yma'r gweinwyr anhygoel iddynt i'r tydol, I will feedback and comment. We have two senior figures here who are going to pass judgement on what you say and also add their perspectives to what their view is on these critical issues that have been raised during this policy day. First of all, we have Nitin Gulgadag должнаer, minister of road shipping and transport in highways. portfolio'r Minister. Yn gyfnodd yma, a'r Enke Sing, yw'r cyfnodd yn ymddangos y BJP ac yn ymddangos y policy economi. Rwy'n credu'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio arall ymddangos ymddangos. Yn y pethau sydd wedi'i gweithio'r hynny, y pethau sydd wedi'u gweithio'r gweithio'r Minister Goyal, ymddangos cyfnodd ymddangos ymddangos ymddangos. PPPP. Ynd yn gwirionedd y dyfodaeth y byddai, ac yn ymdaf i'n rwy'n rydyn nhad at anserfodd y gael ddefnyddio'r rhywbeth. rhywbeth, rywbeth, sy'n rwy'n credu'r gweithio'r gweld. Rwy'n cael ei wneud amser, iddyn nhw'n amser yw'r cyflodiwe, yr unrhyw li'n mynd i y butyn nhw'n bod yn ysgrin, drwy'n rhaid i ti'n rhe sydd ein bod ni'n cael ei gwylltion. Felly mae yna'n ddinsgrim i'n ei ddefnyddio, It will be fine if you like. Sitting there. You can stand here if you would like. Good. Good evening everyone. I think as part of the Global Advisory Council of India which I am sharing has been an enormous learning experience. More importantly in terms of the interdisciplinary nature of the group that we have got together. And we addressed a couple of issues, ..on diogel y cyflin ar gyfer o adroils. Rwy'n rai dwg-igiau allan o'rmateb cyflin sy'n modd-leolol .. ..eg os y cyflin sydd eich meddwl. Ond nid o gweithio ar gyfer o adroilsya ac yn y dweud yr ystod.. ..yna yw fan chi oes yn ymarfer. Beth phobl iawn oed.. ..o'r gwirionedd yr amser yn fawr.  We did look at some of the learnings as part of the groups. How do we bring in the apprenticeship programme more effective? How do you learn from some of the German models? And how do you look at, learn and earn together at the same time so that the employers benefit, the individuals benefit and the educational institutions benefit in this whole journey? Second thing on the financial inclusion was again a very, very good learning experience starting from the Janda Neogina, but that's just a starting point. How do you build on that to empower the population at large so that no citizen is left out? Some of the platforms that are being created, both with the government support and the private providers that are going to be a part of that, is going to be a revolution where we will witness certain outcomes every day, every year and at the end of the five years or ten years we will see how inclusive India with the financial inclusion takes place. I think the smart city initiative as I learnt was extremely useful with regard to the kind of investment that are going, but more importantly the linkages with regard to the employment itself and the skills. The contract manufacturing or the manufacturing as a base for India, but how do we develop the ancillary industries because they are the engine of employment and growth? How do you link that to the value chain totally and it's a global supply chain and we need to be connected to the global supply chain? These were the learnings and I think it was the most productive experience, but a digital India, connected India and a skilled India and a manufacturing out of here for a global connect were some of the themes which we articulated. That's what I learnt during the course of the days. Thank you very much, really very helpful. Let's drill down a little bit into each of the five areas and let me go to Vandana first of all to ask about human capital and skills Vandana. Let me toss this to you, I hope you can catch it. There, well, it does work. Right, Vandana, welcome. Give us a couple of minutes of what you have learned and what you learned from particularly the session that you chaired on human skills and then anyone else come in please because we're going to go through these one after the other. That works. The first lesson that came out of our group is stop depending on the government and stop waiting on the government to act. We talked about whether it's employment skills, whether it's bringing talent to market, whether it's fostering entrepreneurship. It's not necessary to wait for the conditions and the government to change. If you look at what IKEA did in Sweden, they went to the government, the government wasn't ready to act. They did it on their own and then the government took notice. Each person in this room can act and that momentum that we gain around entrepreneurship and employment will actually get government by and along the way. The second is entrepreneurial opportunities. How do we actually create them for people? Starting at the education level, how do we integrate entrepreneurial skills into our education system? Then later on, how do we actually create a market for entrepreneurs in terms of giving them access to capital and talent?  The third is connecting the dots between education, skills and employment that starts at the ground level. How much do each of us know whether we're an educator or a business leader? What's happening at each stage along the way and how do we refine what we're doing to actually see that people are becoming employable and productive at the end of this chain? Finally, there was a plug for the holistic skills framework pilot in COTA. Anyone is interested in going to COTA, then they're inviting you to come into that region to partner with them to start ITIs or sector-specific centres of excellence. Banana Goyal from the Akancha Foundation. Thank you very much indeed. We'll move on to agriculture shortly.  I'll catch. Thank you. This is not cricket I should tell you. Who would like to come in? Anyone want to add anything about the importance of human capital and skills and the urgency that they feel? Remember, we're talking about what next and how fast, the speed at which this is necessary. Is it work or jobs? Anyone want to come in immediately? I know a lot of you contributed earlier, but anyone want to come in? Minister, when you hear that kind of message from here, what is your thought about how much of this really can be achieved given the enormity of one million new Indians coming onto the job market every month? I feel that this is the time for the country that we have to understand the strength and weaknesses. The strength is raw material is available. At the same time manpower is available. And particularly what I want to suggest to you that the rural sector and agriculture sector is most important. Because the maximum poverty and employment we are facing in agriculture. And by using the technology, appropriate technology, we can also create good employment potential in the rural area and agriculture. I feel that the conversion of waste into wealth is the philosophy and where we have got a lot of biomass. I am thinking on one line that from dry straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, we can make ethanol from that. And from ethanol we can make bioplastic. And bioplastic is really a good item where the farmers get good rates. Today ethanol manufacturers number of manufacturing in India is quite high. So by converting ethanol from corn, from sugar beet, from sugar cane, from the municipal waste, we can aggregate the glass, metal and plastic then we can convert into ethanol. A lot of technology is available in the world, particularly in the USA. So this is the time that we should concentrate on the agriculture sector. The third important thing is we are giving subsidy for urea for 55,000 crores. We have 30 factories and out of which only four factories they are making urea from Napta and 26 from natural gas. And now in China and many countries they are making urea from coal. Now first time our government allotted one coal mine for manufacturing urea from coal. So now this is a sector where tremendous requirement is there. It is import substitute and we can reduce the cost of urea which presently market is 1400 rupees per bag. It can go to 5 to 600 rupees and we can save the subsidy of 55,000 crores. We are giving it to the factories. So these are the innovations and the new technology particularly we can use it for the rural agriculture sector. As far as the scale development is concerned in my, particularly my ministry my planning is for next five years construction of road construction of five lakhs crores. It's a big amount but I have got a credential that what I say always I complete it. Thank you. So my suggestion is inland waterways road infrastructure these are the two sectors where maximum capital investment probably we are expecting maximum capital investment in this sector the shipping ports and I will request you there is a lot of opportunity for the employment potential but the scale specific scale we need where we need to train the manpower in that sector. So that can be also a good sector. The atmosphere in the country is totally pro-development and we want to encourage the entrepreneurship between the industry and between the small people also by Fana Syngden by Mudra Bank. At the same time I will request you if you can decentralise these efforts particularly for the rural agriculture field it will be more useful for the country. Mr Agriculture shortly is the next section the issue is surely jobs, work the gig economy how to monetise it, what the expectations are of the next generation. Well I think that Goyal had summed up exceedingly well of looking at the convergent trinity of education, skill and employment. In fact if you have really a symmetry between this trinity of education, skill and employment with the other trinity of what is also a government's favourite programme of the jam which is using basically mobile phone telephony and technology for purposes then the convergence between the trinity which you have explained and the trinity of jam should bring about virtuous multiplier circles in bringing about and fostering skill based employment but the critical issue there is how to change the pedagogy in our education system which will enable the fostering of skills which will lead to the kind of employment for which there are emerging opportunities. Thank you very much indeed I was having a conversation with Venkat, where are you Venkat in the room over there because you were making a point which you wanted to raise here about whether the model and the thinking is actually appropriate now for the kind of challenge that India now faces and I should tell you there is one comment here the direction is more important than the speed than fast. Good evening everyone. Just explain and introduce yourself. My name is Venkat, I represent the organisation junior achievement in short we are the largest school around the world reaching out to 10 million students but there is a perspective I wish to share now we all have seen different reports from different entities about the growth models and where we can reach let's say for sake of this discussion that today a $2 trillion economy that India is becomes a $12 trillion economy let's say or whatever be the period of time now let's look at another economy which is a $12 trillion today which is US now US attain this whatever the industries whatever the conversion process US attained a $12 trillion with the population which is less than India's workforce today whatever processes, whatever industries that we may choose for going forward for this growth definitely those technologies will be much better than what US has because we have a time gap over here. But you're also making the point about the aspiration and reality gap. So there are two things. For the next generation. There is a tearing aspiration for people to pick up jobs and that particular aspiration is all like I needed yesterday. The second is even if we were to attain this particular growth we may have wealth to take care of our people but that particular wealth may not necessarily translate into certain jobs which can be given to people so that they can take part in that particular wealth creation. So we may have to think of a plan B of how do we reach out wealth to people. Is that the hypothesis that I have to share? All right, well let me pick up on that minister very quickly about whether actually your growth model is the correct model in other words whether it's hung up by the old ways of thinking as opposed to the necessity of very significant and more radical ways of thinking. I feel that the communist and socialist model as per the results of the models you know better I don't want to make any comments on it. But basic our emphasis on in our economic policies is how we can eradicate the poverty how we can increase the employment potential how we can increase the agriculture growth that Gaaw, Garib, Majdur and Qisan the rural development and agriculture growth is most important. And I am giving you one example the BJP who state Madhya Pradesh the agriculture growth is 23% and in Gujarat it is 14%. I am from Maharashtra it is one of the progressive state but our agriculture growth rate is minus. So now this is the time by increasing irrigation how we can be giving creating more employment potential in the rural area in the tribal area and there are a lot of technology innovations are available where we can make it the employment available into the tribal rural agriculture sector. So my request is the maximum 62 to 64% of the population is in the rural area and now you are absolutely correct about all the industry sector the manufacturing sector the skilled development this is the correct line I don't have any resistance about it but my feeling is this is a field where we can use technology latest technology and where we can more employment potential which is in the interest of the country. So the approach of our Prime Minister and our economic policy is how we can generate more employment potential and the result is very clear when Pradham Mantriji taken charge as a Prime Minister our GDP was 4.25% and today it is 7.50 So now basically it is very important for service sector it is very important to concentrate on it to create more jobs but my request is we should think about out of box and using the technology and innovation in particular rural area and agriculture area my feeling is there is a lot of potential economic viability is available and we can take the technology up to that level it can be a great socio-economic transformation for the country. Thank you out of the box NK Singh but that other question about the aspiration with the next generation who have big expectations particularly of this government coming back to that question how fast can this really be achieved? Well I think that the minister is right that clearly even though the contribution of agriculture to India's GDP has progressively come down to what is now 12% nonetheless about 60% of Indians still derive livelihood from agriculture therefore unless you create agro and agro based activities not directly related to agriculture but agriculture related employment activity that's the case where you have multiplier gains on employment I think that your very sharp question on aspirational India I think that that is one of the centerpiece of the prime minister's program the spread of digital India and as we see the expectation of a digital India when you wire up in terms of fibre optical cables it is the centerpiece of the prime minister's program to proceed on this entire thing of jam the centerpiece of the jam is to target government benefits to mobile telephony and internet in improving health and educational outcomes in a very tangible way. Right well let's now move on immediately with agriculture the second of the five groups to Siraj Chaudhry who is chairman of Cargill here in India you have the microphone and we'd like to know what was discussed and what kind of recommendations came out of your agriculture group Okay so one of the things that I mentioned in my discussion which we had just post lunch was that Indian agriculture historically has been you know been a combination of God, government and the farmer where essentially the Indian farmer has been having faith in God trust in the government and commitment in his own toil that model suddenly over the last few years seems to have gone bad but God's really looking the other way I mean the last few years have not been the best in terms of the climatic support that we need for Indian agriculture which is heavily dependent on the natural elements for its success government over the years so it's not to say this year last year very often the government of the day gets the flag for what's not happening I think our approach has been more about subsidies addressing short term problems rather than investing in agriculture we are now seeing the solution that the industry sees is that introducing a new element into this tripartite relationship that has historically existed which is really the industry now that's been something which has actually deliberately been kept away in the past because trade was supposed to be bad for agriculture there was large mistrust between the farmer and the government versus the trade and I think industry coming in is probably the next step and some of that has been made possible through some of very good initiatives that have been taken particularly in the state of Marashtra where there are live examples of almost 30 plus private public partnerships which have worked to increase farm incomes improve technology I would take one more sort of point here which is that we talk about there is a lot of innovation happening in the space of food and agriculture I think what is holding it back is the slow rate of change that is happening in the policy framework so we have a lot of innovation happening around the world which we can very easily bring into the country but the regulatory framework whether it's the APMC laws the stock control orders the foreign forward market commissions those changes which are required in the regulatory framework are not keeping pace or the food safety laws and new product development they are not keeping pace with the change that is happening in the industry so I think there needs to be greater linkage between the industry and the farmer and the government has to play the bridge between the farmer and the industry and that's what we've decided in our deliberations today that as a group we need to come together industry comprising of all the stakeholders from organizations which are part of the pre-sowing phase to the post harvest and the buying of the organization that's required from the farmers need to come together as a group and work closely with the government and that's where the role of the government becomes important that they need to see us as genuine stakeholders in the interest of the farmers and want to invite us and we need to beef up our credential beef up is not probably the right word in this environment but we need to strengthen our efforts to be considered capable and reliable to be seen as credible advisors to the government right thank you very much indeed now look on my side here there's a comment farmers are poor and they get all the benefits how can we sustain this the policy has failed aspiration is to earn more but missing agency to earn more an agency to earn more and that's the degree of skepticism here does anyone want to come in on agriculture I would like to invite a Jay please do yes and by the way once you put an entry on your board do wipe it off because we're moving on to other areas as well and do it in black next time if you can the honorable minister is making the best roads the honorable minister is making the best roads where cars will travel fastest and it's good for infrastructure but the growth that we are seeing is through all sections of society and while other sections of society are progressing much faster farmers are being left behind and that's why the measurement tools for measuring growth need to be reworked we need to go back to the drawing board we are measuring growth in terms of GDP and as a farmer I can tell you every time my tractor has an accident the GDP of this country goes up so we need to go back to the drawing board to understand and get better measuring tools I've got to put that to you Minister back to the drawing board when his tractor fails the output of the country goes up as he puts it now the issue of the regulatory framework that underpins all five areas so let's leave that to a little later but that particular accusation really lack of equitable growth back to the drawing board on agriculture the basic problem in agriculture is irrigation the irrigation in Jharkhand is 5.6% Maharashtra is 16.8% Madhya Pradesh is 31% and Gujarat is 36% and in particular the Haryana, Punjab, UP UP is 48% the problem is that the irrigation the land acquired 80% will be acquired for irrigation dam and lakes and 15% of water is going to dam and lake and 50% water conservation and 70% going to sea so the water management, drip irrigation, sprinkler and irrigation is the key of success the other problem is 24 hour power that is also a big problem because in the state government all transmission distribution companies are in losses so there is a theory more generation more losses no generation no losses so they stop the electric supply to the rural area so we have to change some policy on government level but we need some research at the same time we have surplus of wheat, rice, sugar now and now we have the shortage of oil seeds in Rajasthan with the collaboration of Israeli company they are making now olive oil that is a successful experiment so as far as oil is concerned we have import of one lakh crores and now particularly the soybean I don't know but the cargill people are here in my area the soybean production is continuously going to down I don't know what the reason is that somewhere we need good research by which we can increase the production today I was in Nagaland Pineapple is available but no transport system pre cooling plant, coal storage nothing is there so this pre cooling plant, coal storage, irradiation these are the new technology where you can invest the money and it can give also the economic viability at the same time giving employment to the rural agriculture sector but the word there was back to the drawing board in other words the mindset remains a rather old fashioned compared to the reality now faced in agriculture Sir it is the duty of the government to say in the mindset I don't want to blame anybody just to wait for some time it is the strong political will is very important and the clarity in the economic approach I feel that our government we will take the decision and we are working on the same system and we will be success it will take some time for that alright will it the political area infrastructure to Ajit Glubchand who is the chair and managing director of the Hindustan construction company and also co-chair of today maybe you would like to stand up so the cameras can see you as well so at least you are halfway facing the camera but do please just highlight what you think was discussed today and the kind of urging that there is what next and how fast well I think everything that we discussed in the area of infrastructure cities has been in the context of this enormous figure of a million or more jobs every month new jobs to be created and to be able to put our arms round to what big that figure is we need to understand that this means about 300 million jobs in the next 20 years all kids are born here today and they will come seeking job over this period and just to get a perspective of what this means United States of America the largest economy in the world employs 135 million people so when we are looking at 300 million new jobs what kind of economy are we going to set up in 20 years America took 600 years to set it up so it is something that we need to apply our mind time is not on our side these kids are born they are going to come seeking so you will need every kind of employment infrastructure is one such enabler both it also gives employment as well as it is a creator of that structure which allows manufacturing, agriculture logistic sector all other forms of manufacturing, agriculture services sector to perform on the back of the infrastructure so it is extremely important that we build this infrastructure as fast as possible and this requires an enormous investment and I think the minister has already begun I mean he hit the road running because as soon as he got became minister of transport and really kickstarted the entire transport sector very quickly it is still far from where it should be but it has kickstarted so it is important for us to understand and see everything that we are doing in the context of these new kids that will come seeking jobs in 10 years the pressure will be so high these are not old peasants of yesteryear these are angry people that can derail the entire future of this country if you don't find them these jobs and which includes investments to create the jobs and education and skills development to enable them to take those jobs so I think this is the biggest job even in infrastructure we confront this issue we put the largest workforce in history without any training it is time for us to really pay attention so we can get productivity out of this and this is why the skills program initiated by the government it sounds very strange and a government should initiate it elsewhere in the world there were guilds that created this issue in India also these guilds were embedded in the caste system the caste system had its own problem so it is out but we need to create these guilds so that we can create those employment opportunities on one side and the capabilities on the other side but infrastructure is woefully short of what we need at the moment for example we have surplus power in the country and that is purely a function not because it is surplus because the economy is moving very slowly the day economy picks up the shortages of power will be the first thing that we will feel the roads as you said there is huge potential in agriculture agricultural process foods etc but isolated because of lack of roads lack of communication what about the mechanism just for building infrastructure but it is clear there is a financial problem there is a financing problem yes there is a financial problem but initially the government will have to kick start this sector by spending the money themselves there is no financial problem there is no flash with funds there is no question about financial problems and second is it is also possible to create new models they can build the roads and as soon as they are ready and operational they can sell them and that can easily raise the money if NHA decides to raise 100 billion dollars it is not so difficult for them to raise it I do not believe finance is directly a problem it is tapping it making it work that is the problem all right thank you very much let's just put those two points to the minister woefully short what we need on infrastructure 18 months into your government we need a kick start in other words it is missing at the moment no I am asking with the question all of you can you tell me a single project where the problems are there how long have we got yes if you can tell me I can give the answer when I taken charge of the minister 280 projects that cost 380,000 crores stuck up minister you asked a question in this audience here you tell me any of the project I will give the answer because I know that there is no project just put up your hand if you are having problems with an infrastructure project road project I am responsible for road project I am talking about road minister they are all friends of yours because no one is putting up their hands at the moment we can project all those businesses who are not there are stuck no Pius Goyal today gave an excellent account of the projects in the power sector which have now to a much better start they are on the mend the standard assets are being dealt with and I think that if you combine power and roads they are the two critical components of infrastructure nevertheless minister I have got to put what we have just heard woefully short of what we need and kick start this is the view of the group that discuss that today 18 months into your government sir I will give the little picture about it I am frank and fair don't hesitate to ask me the question and I am talking with full confidence either it is media or the industry first thing is that our budget is 42,000 crores given by the finance minister in NHI triple A rating we can raise 70,000 crores of bonds tax exempted bonds but we don't need because it is difficult for us to complete the expenditure of our budget third thing is 101 projects in EPC mode which are completed already is with me I can secutrate that project I get 120,000 crores even my total income is 8,000 crores so I can secutrate my income for 15 years I get 140,000 crores so money is not the problem I am sorry because Mr Singh is here one of the problem is the administrative problem fast track decision making process transparency forest environment ministry land acquisition and taking the decision and there are a lot of committees I always say if there is a will there is a way and if there is no will there is only survey, discussion, seminar, committee subcommittee and research group the problem in the government is even I went clear I had to go to 3-4 committees for that I am doing it it's my job but today as for the road infrastructure is concerned now as per there was a problem I know the problem of every company I know his company's problem and his project I don't know but I pursue more than him I know the more position about his project in what is happening there and I am pulling him that this is the case this is the problem so now presently land acquisition forest environment clearance because of new government we have already solved that problem now it is time to build up the capacity in the government system and at the same time to build up the capacity in the contractors in next 15 days I am going to tender for 17 hybrid road projects but I am for this year we have already started 9 PPP project first time last year it was only 3 but the problem is that now the bank are comfortable but now there are a lot of because of previous experience bank was very much disturbed but today it is a good and positive atmosphere as far as this sector is concerned I feel that there will be no problem this sector will create more jobs and as far as my ministry is concerned I have a target to create 50 lakhs jobs within 5 years and a second important thing to create add 2% of GDP into the GDP of the country but minister do you feel worried that the expectations are out there for you to deliver at a speed and with a level of achievement and that's what's expected out there and that's the perception at the moment is there still a massive problem and I've got a quote here from it is not a massive problem it's not a massive problem when I declare Bombay Pune I express I have 55 flowers and he is the contractor I construct all that project there was an appearance in the mind of the people how will it happen but I prove it in the time period I completed I accept the challenge you record everything and after next meeting you ask me and there will be no problem as far as the speed of the road is concerned construction now 30 km per day is our target today our target is 18 km and when I taken charge of the ministry it was 2 km so 30 km before March is my target I don't know whether it will happen or not but I am confident that we will complete that so there are the problems problems from the system problems we need fast track decision making process the finance ministry is something created the committee and they start the scrutiny for it there is a system where to improve it then regarding the problems land acquisition, forest environment clearance these are the problems now already we have solved that problem then shifting of utilities the other thing problems are everywhere what my philosophy is you should understand there are some people who convert problems into opportunities and there are some people who convert opportunities into the problem so it is problems where the minister it is our duty to solve the problem and as far as my sector is concerned even the experience of the contractors other people they will definitely they will give more idea about it but I am confident that the next year will be the fast moving year and we will definitely create good infrastructure we will remember that for next year then a fast moving year next year NK Singh there is a remark up there got to break out of the silo thinking and champion systemic leadership I am reading it virtually upside down but this sense and you are an economist is enough being done is the speed the best achievable at the moment on infrastructure given the perception out there and that kind of language of the need for kickstart woefully short of what we need well I think that it has kickstarted already because as you can see if the snail space at which roads were being constructed is today currently already catapulted from that figure to 18 kilometres with a target of 30 kilometres by March if the standard assets of 3 lakh euros in the power sector have been now converted into viable projects then the speed has already gathered momentum but I think that your question is a more fundamental one are we really doing adequate to meet a target stick is a shifting target the dynamics of expectations really and join up on the policy makers to not merely be satisfied with an 8% rate of growth which you are likely to achieve but to move that to a double digit number that's the changing dynamics that's the changing aspiration and that's what we have to really reach all right I've got to move on at high speed because we've only got do you want to come in please over there could you introduce yourself and I need to toss a microphone to you I've got to move on at some speed I'm afraid because we have two more groups but take the microphone catch it and just give us your thought on this please I'm Raghuram from the IAM since you asked about projects I just wanted maybe you could tell us about two projects one of them is the Delhi Jaipur the Gurgaon Jaipur pink city which is sort of really I think it's having its own share of troubles and also the Vadodara Mumbai expressway which will sort of actually the Delhi Jaipur project when I take and charge a minister only five flowers at that time the project is financed by IDBA bank and 13 bank in consultation the project was collapsed but today I just take the already by car I go to Jaipur and I just inspect the project 55 flowers are completed and before December end of December only two flowers we will complete all the projects and it will be open regarding Vadodara Mumbai express highway it is not a delay project Amdabad to Vadodara is completed it is waiting for my date for inauguration of that project so within 15 days I will go there and inaugurate Amdabad to Vadodara and Vadodara to Mumbai 65% land equation is completed and I am trying to make a tender before December but project is not delayed but before January we will go for the tender or express highway from Vadodara to Mumbai alright thank you let's move on to energy now but I just going to give you three messages which have been written behind you minister first of all road safety the highest number of deaths on roads just written up there every monsoon new road construction is required and another note quality of roads is questionable is sitting in the room one thing is very correct I fell in one mission regarding this road safety bill it is I already have submitted from 6 to 7 month to the cabinet and because of the parliament is not going on I am helpless and really I feel it very bad every year this country face 5 lakh accidents 1,50,000 deaths I am very sorry to change now we are as per the quality is concerned we are decided to construct cement concrete road so the quality will be good but regarding the accidents it is really painful and I am admitting this fact that today after trying my level best I can't get success to clear this bill and I am vigorously trying for that but it is a failure and a lot of accidents are taking place I also one of the victims face a long big accident my secretary has also face the accident it's very unfortunate but it needs some pressure because this is a subject in the concurrent list we need state government cooperation and that's why there are a lot of big corruption is there in this R2 and other thing the lobbies are making oppose for it but it's by public support we will try to pass this bill as early as possible Minister thank you Remember that ministerial apology 3 times I think we heard it to energy and financial inclusion to Ratul Puri who is chairman of Hindustan power projects for Hindustan power the summary of what your group discussed Ratul Maybe before I get into the summary of what my group discussed I think it's important for us to dispel one notion that I think has been going around I've been hearing this all day as I've walked around the forum events and that is that India is energy surplus I think India certainly is not energy surplus I think to the point minister Gadkari made earlier I think the only reason we are energy surplus is because we have a dysfunctional intermediary our distribution companies are dysfunctional they are not they are losing money on every unit of energy they buy and hence they are not able to they are not going out and servicing their customers but moving back to clean energy I think we had a very engaging set of discussions yesterday and today around what are the key enablers to drive renewable energy I think under our very energetic energy ministers put together one of the world's most ambitious renewable energy build out programs over the next five years 175 gigawatts of renewable energy across solar wind and a number of other areas between now and 2022 we identified a number of key areas that we believe would be the key challenges in meeting this and also identified possible solutions but the key and foremost area was around the area of financing so there was a belief that there is a need for about 150 billion dollars of investment that needed to go in of which 120 billion need to come in from the Indian banking system and a belief that this amount of capital for this narrower vertical in the overall infran energy space was going to potentially be a challenge what was good was I think Minister Goyal believed that he could get a number of the financing agencies that outside of the banking system that come under his ministry to potentially come in and help bridge some of this financing gap also there was a belief that there was an importance to create a bond market an ability to take assets as they were built out to pull them out from the banking system and drive them out and place them out with insurance companies pension funds which is exactly how infrastructure is financed in a post construction period globally the second area which was of concern was around the grid the ability of the grid to deal with what fundamentally is an intermittent form of energy renewables at the end of the day are not baseload power they are not available all the time the sun doesn't shine at night their times when the wind doesn't blow so we need to have an ability in the grid we need to have spinning reserves we need to have backup capacity to come in and be built out within this short period of five years to potentially come in and meet the intermittent nature of wind and I think the view was we have about 25 gigawatts again I think it was a part of the innovative thinking of the energy minister that we've got 25 gigawatts of stranded gas thermal capacity which is currently greatly challenged and this could potentially be revived, bought back on stream maybe supported by the government to provide some of the spinning reserves needed to build this out I think the third area which I think is of concern in the entire energy build out in the ability of the government's program to deliver 24-7 power supply is in the area of the distribution company financial health and poor practices distribution companies have adopted of having high transmission distribution losses and not revising tariffs in line with increasing costs so I think there is also a program which or a strategy that the government seems to be evolving to potentially move some of the debt of distribution companies on to the balance sheets of state governments which is actually where it needs to lie because fundamentally these are subsidies that should have originally been on the balance sheets of state governments which should have been provided by state governments so to move some of this debt over to the balance sheets of state governments give a clean start and then hopefully use a number of programs from the central government to try to ensure that we don't need to go in and once again you will be allowed to distribution companies a few years down the road. Thank you Rathol. Anyone else would like to come in on energy please. Keep the microphone because I did I think here the finance minister say quote we are generating more power than we need. Help us understand what he means and what you've just described. I think the finance minister was absolutely right I think we have consumers who are generating power using diesel LSHS furnace oil. We've got about 80 gigawatts of diesel fired and other liquid fuel fired capacity we need that capacity because the grid is unreliable distribution companies are not delivering out energy because they lose roughly around 25 cents on the dollar for every dollar revenue losing about 25 cents so if you're losing that much of money you just take the position that minister highlighted earlier which was I'm better off just not delivering energy out so obviously you'll have spare generation capacity because if the intermediary the distribution company doesn't deliver the energy out to the final consumer you will be surplus but I think that is something which is being addressed shortly I believe there's a lot of work to try to address that so that is a key fix in India's energy map I think that's one of the key fixes that needs to be implemented out Just before you sit down or maybe anyone else in the power sector might like to come in is that 175 gig deliverable particularly sustainable with the new technology and the volume of PV panels and everything else is that deliverable in this time frame? I think it's 175 gigawatts across wind and solar out of which 100 gigawatts is solar and I think 50 odd gigawatts is wind so I think it's certainly is deliverable the physical infrastructure can be created you can put those many panels out you can construct that out over a roughly 6 year old time frame I think again the challenge is identified with financing we need to make certain the grid is able to absorb such a large amount of intermittent power if and when India builds this capacity out and looking at the enthusiasm of our energy minister I have a fairly high degree of confidence it will get built out then this will constitute 25-30% of our overall energy generation at peak and would constitute close to 0% of our energy generation when the sun is not shining so we have to be able to deal with this intermittent nature of this source of energy and so a lot needs to be done to build out spinning reserves to be able to deal with this intermittent nature all right thank you the deliverability of this great aspiration both minister and NK Singh NK Singh you're the economist is this deliverable with the enormous demands just on production for the turbines and the PV cells and so on to deliver that kind of level of power well I think that it is certainly deliverable but I think that the reforms of the distribution system and the grid has to be an enduring there are two types of problems one is the problem of the stock of non-performing assets the government's present proposal is to take some of that on the balance sheet and allow state government the greater room under the FRBM to be able to borrow to meet that capacity but I think that the two critical issues which will still need to be addressed one is a broad issue of regulatory capture what does one do in a system like ours where electricity is in the concurrent list to deal with the problem of regulatory capture where the tariff fixation process by the regulator is a realistic one and what is more important as you mentioned as transmission and distribution losses we understand is an euphemism for theft so how does one deal with the problem of what is euphemistically described as a transmission and distribution losses once realistic tariffs have been fixed for the realization of that revenue stream which is due to the electricity board so this is one conundrum of problems to which the government's present approach is to solve the historical problems as we begin namely to solve the stock as they begin to address the issues of flow the second more important issue which has been raised is how does one integrate alternative systems of power between renewable and non-renewable in the grid system and in real time to make that a qualitative difference and bring down the demand supply equilibrium I totally agree with the approach that to some extent a complacency that we are surplus in terms of energy and power may be misleading because this is suppressed demand and this could be really as a result of the failures of the distribution system to be able to address and deliver the power in real time Minister it's not quite your area but is this deliverable Yes it is the most problem what he says is absolutely correct the distribution transmission and theft is a problem when generation you need the PLF good PLF some of the power projects they are working on 20 PLF 30 PLF so we have to increase the generation capacity at third time important thing is about the distribution I have got the solution we are now trying in Maharashtra but it will not appropriate to talk about it because something in the political scenario also you should talk in a system by which the common people can understand and we should not invite more criticism on it as far as the distribution is concerned we have to find out some solution and without that accountability we will never be succeed in the power sector because we are giving power of 100 rupees and taking the bill of 90 rupees 10 rupees losses are there it is continuously going on last many years how it can be survive somewhere we have to take some decision and these are very hard decision import decision I feel that government will definitely find out some solution All right well we have got literally three or four minutes to run let me go finally back to NK Singh the economist because I picked up from a year ago what you wrote in advance of the equivalent meeting last year you wrote it publicly India remains among the most over regulated countries in the world a manufacturer must comply with 70 regulations and file 100 returns a year regulation has underpinned every discussion here your view please about the state of regulation there are three important changes which have taken place since I may have written that piece last year to which you are referring to first I think in terms of the average time of being able to really now start the average time has come down dramatically from 129 days to just 27 days second on the ease of doing business the ease of doing business in the calculation index of the world bank we have not stopped 12 decisive points on two important counts on the enforcement of contract and on the total number of permissions which are needed third in terms of the index compiled by the world economic forum on the global competitiveness index we have registered a significant change in India becoming a more competitive economic destination than was so in the last one year so I think we are making progress incredible progress we need to keep up the space thank you very much indeed what we have tried to do is summarise a whole day of discussion literally in the last 57 minutes or so can I finally invite Philip Bresla from the world economic forum to give some final remarks Philip Bresla so thank you Nick ladies and gentlemen I will make it quite briefly so first and foremost I would like to thank you so that means of course our honourable minister NK Singh all the issued chairs and of course the moderators so please a big hand to our start off and for what was called closing but now we call it take off because this was the first national strategy day on India and our purpose is to shape India's national agenda in a global context and therefore we identified out of the 9 or 10 global challenges we defined as a world economic forum 5 major issues which we would like to address together with you here in and for India so that was the reason why we discussed of course the quite important issue of agriculture food security job skills education infrastructure financial inclusion quite briefly and as well the question of energy and it was not only a discussion because the idea was to make it shorter a little bit smaller more high level which was a great success thanks to your participation and always action oriented and all of the 5 different issues we identified over this day a couple of nice projects we could launch even during this day in terms of education we have the existing initiative for skills in India driven by our regional business council but in addition now we discussed another initiative for vocational training starting maybe in one of the states we have in terms of infrastructure great discussion in terms of urbanization in terms of energy hopefully the agreement with the clean energy alliance with the Indian government and of course in terms of financial inclusion some projects to increase the financial inclusion for all the people here in India and agriculture we have successful initiatives the new vision for agriculture and now we could invite hopefully add then 3 new states in order to improve our idea of agriculture and the new vision for agriculture so finally we could really come into action and therefore it's not a closing it's of course a take off session because we would like to start now with you all the projects of the course of the next 12 months and to come back in one year and see what we have achieved together really in a public private mindset we have had here not only one honorable minister but 16 so called public figures ministers chief ministers and state ministers and you as a private sector which means of course business but civil society, academia and the youth so again, thank you very much for your engagement and of course we owe the people in India a great success for all the projects we started so again, thank you very much it was a great day and hopefully a good take off safe flights, thank you very much


and welcome to the All-Dispersons show. I'm Joe Wamba, joined with All-Dispersons head coach of the men's volleyball team. And coach, to start the CVC schedule that you guys had, not the result that you're looking for, but an opportunity to have some retribution when you come home this weekend. Yeah. Yeah, we didn't start out with a win in the CVC. We lost to Eastern Mennonite, which was a really tough match, good school. We lost in five, being up 13-11 in the fifth. And but yeah, we hope to bounce back. We have Karn on Friday, this Friday at 7, and then Rutgers, New York, at 2 o'clock on Saturday. So we hope to get our first conference wins this weekend. And continuing the winning streak at home as well. You guys have been playing well at home and protecting the Owings Mills Gymnasium. That's what we want to do. We want to protect our house. And yeah, we had a nice invitation all where we went 4-0, but that was a long time ago.  So you just don't reflect back, but you move forward. And some of those last matches, up at Vassar, you guys got to play three games there, splitting with Ramapo and beating another opponent. Talk a little bit about those games for you. Sure. Yeah, Ramapo beat us earlier in the season at Ramapo pretty bad. I think they won 3-0. But then we got a chance to get back at them at Vassar. We played them first, and we lost the first set. And so it was almost like, oh no, here we go again. But the guys bounced back and played really well, probably their best match of the season so far. And we won that 1-3-1. And then it was a tournament. So we had about 30 minutes rest, and then we faced Vassar. And they were playing at home. And it was nice that the student crowd was called crazy and got to play in an atmosphere that was a little intimidating. And our guys played OK, but in the end Vassar was stronger. We took a one set, but they were a really nice program.  The CVC, all in all, is a pretty strong conference and equally matched conference. What are you looking forward into these games that you have coming up? Well, I'm really focusing on our team. What I saw in the Ramapo match that we won, it was all what we were doing. We were serving consistently and aggressively. And our side out percentage was high. And our pin hitters were hitting in the 300, which is similar to baseball. It's a really good average. So I'm really focused on what we do on our side of the net here. And Karn, they haven't won yet their own, too. I hope they keep it that way. But Rutgers, yeah, they've stepped up. And they're one-in-one. The season's still early, but they've had some good matches. And yeah, we hope to play at our best. I just really want the guys to show how they can play well. Well, Coach, we wish you the best of luck in playing into the height of your playing level. Thanks, thanks. He's All Dispersons. I'm Joe Wamba, and this has been the All Dispersons show.


Hi there. I'm Jeff Watts, agile leadership coach and author and welcome to my YouTube channel. This is where I post a number of different free videos to help people with their questions about a range of topics, including scrum mastery, product management, coaching, teamwork, but mostly agile leadership. I coach a range of people to develop themselves, their teams and their organizations to be more resilient and self-sufficient. Amplifying their strengths and being more mindful of their potential traps, whether those traps are logistical, systemic or psychological. As well as the topics you'll find in my books, scrum mastery, product mastery, team mastery and the coaches casebook, you'll find leadership hacks, games you can play and talks I've given at conferences and meet-up groups around the world. I'd love it if you found the time to comment on the videos you watch and if you would like me to record a video on a particular topic then drop me a message. You can find more details about me and what I do at my website inspectandadapt.com. Thank you.


I want to inform the nation this evening of very sad development that we only experienced and witnessed under the one party state. Under the new dawn, under the leadership of Misaka in the HLMA, we have gone back to the days of having torture chambers. This evening, we have just gotten information of the fact that the former head of state, President Lungus Babaman, who was apprehended in the name of wanting to investigate over some matters, particularly among usaga. He has been subjected from Saturday to torture and now he is gossiping for life in some police cell where he is being moved from police station to police station and wherever they are torturing him from in Kanundo. If he survives up to tomorrow it will just be by the grace of God. We are aware that Misaka in the HLMA is obsessed with wanting to find something he can use to implicate the former head of state. But I think because he has now run out of options and found that there is nothing that is there to substantiate their claims and smear campaign that they conducted before the general election suggesting that there were criminal activities conducted under the auspice of President Edgar Chakolungu. Now he has begun to go for his, you know, he has begun to go for even people that were associated to him remotely like Babaman. We want to call upon Human Rights Commission and other stakeholders who claim to be undertaking a responsibility of making sure that we adhere to human rights to go for a manhunt in this case to go and start searching to where Shevvich Rekwa is who is at the edge of dying because of the torture and the beatings that has been subjected to by the intelligence officers UPND card has led by Mr. Maenza as well as the police officers. And further on we have just come to learn that zooming with the binoculars. Mr. Himbewu is the minister of justice has been manipulating and blackmailing the former head, press head to President Edgar Chakolungu in the name of Amos Chanda offering that he needs to go and try and tell a story to President HH tomorrow to try and appease him because the president is desperate and grasping for some information he can try and use to make, to implicate the former president. So Amos Chanda is scheduled for an appointment tomorrow, coached to go and say some lies against the former president or indeed other colleagues within, you know, the government that they saved together. It's very unfortunate that the government of today, the so-called new dawn government, if not new dark government is using blackmail, using under method fraud including torture to try and get some kind of information which basically will end up to be forced to try and satisfy somebody who is nursing their paranoia and obsession towards vengency and vindictiveness. It's very unfortunate and we plead and pray obvious for the survival of Tirekwa but all of us let's rise up and defend the human rights of citizens.


People question the fact of you being a Muslim One that's related to Pairu issue the oldest Pairu it ever made it was supposed to be this guy parents yeah, God Prankster Williams. Okay. Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna Shahid you keep Mohammed is dear to you because you always say he was on detail for him What are the greatest man's on the West? I want to hear a little bit. We are you always mention him, but we never go into detail who he is I went back and looked at my you know my my my interviews, you know, I mean and You always say he had your own detail here or you was doing this and you know, you know Just pretty much just you know doing what you had to do when you was doing it with him Like who is he and and what does he represent in LA or did he represent L.A. Cuz he passed, right? Yeah, okay He's still represent in LA. Oh, yes.  They multiply. Okay, you know Shahid Mohammed is West Coast he's a was West Coast captain for a Mars 54 Compton, California Are an original out of LA original business man old gangbanger business man went to the Black Panthers Was in 80 countries with Minister Farrakhan on the E team loved the nation of Islam more than life itself and Brought always was the pinnacle was the of the excellent This man here 90% of the nation that's that's up today It come through under Shahid Mohammed's tool itch, you know Had a Linux Lewis Mike Tyson put us on the Bobby Brown Whitney Houston detail a Lia's uncle Barry Hankerson had me on Barry Hankerson detail eraser with Vanessa Williams Rosewood with John Singleton, I mean for do it out of Compton just come about to penitentiary You know, I had some of the greatest details and been around the world with this dude Wow, that's that's crazy. How did he end up you said something you said you said gangbang, but also He was he was a Muslim, right? What because you had I know I was out of town and it came up and I called about it People questioned the fact of you being a Muslim Being one that's related to Peru issue the oldest I rule it ever made it was supposed to be this guy Terrence yeah, God thanks to Williams, okay So what what and I didn't get to ask you about that, but just like is there I don't know how you would break that down I'll break that easy to break it down because it's you and in America is separation of states, you know, I'm saying We don't question gang members and say they Christians you got gang Crips that go to TD Jakes Church go to Jones Noel Jones Church, it's just like you go to church, right? You got massive murders that go to church I'm not making the comparison, but in the nation of Islam. That's my religion. That's what I do. That's my way of life Piru is a business. I don't believe in my life that I'm going to Piru heaven.  I didn't I will never get jumped in a gang and I didn't if you hit me. We're enemies. I Don't have for me and my friends grew up together. We fight other people.   Oh gee Percy and this other guy What's his name do pot? What's the other one's name? It's oh gee Percy another one hang out with Charlie Dewberry. Oh, yeah.  You know I'm saying in California.  I mean we've ramaged each other some people did But it wasn't wholesale. You feel them saying so we have a whole different Politics in us a value system in California. It's everybody against black We don't even have time to have Crips and blood Pirou situations in prison because everybody against us you did I'm saying they now they're into it But blacks don't run the prison system in California anymore. The Mexicans do you know I'm saying they say whoever control again Whoever control prison control the ghetto The Mexicans control the prison. They control the ghetto.  I come from Trojans Daffro Jeff Matt Dillon Matasia all of these dudes had a Motor mouth Buford beard all of these dudes had six or seven institution murders Killing white boys and Mexicans not they own you feel them said and they didn't just send me to do it They did it first. I remember my first IB. I Called a case in YTS a little bit and they sent me to San Quentin from youth authority And it was my assignment to go take this dude out in the cell right me and another guy as I go in the Cell but when I go to breakfast that morning, they have my favorite food Scrambled eggs and and a big old breakfast roll. I'm eating. I'm young naive.


The National Cancer Institute says cancer is a genetic disease, and nothing could be further from the truth. I mean, it's not a genetic, it's a metabolic disease. So why is everybody focusing on all these crazy mutations when they're all downstream effects? You don't get the mutations until the mitochondria become dysfunctional. So you put carcinogen, you can see the mitochondria become damaged, they bioluminesce actually, and you can see them thrown out rocks already. So it's a staged chronic process. It's very hard for the human body to get cancer. You can't believe how tough it is to get cancer. We evolved to be completely resistant to cancer. So in order for us to get cancer, you have to have a long-term self-abuse of your body by exposure to all these kinds of things.


What's up everybody? It's S-Fan here. I'm sorry my room's a total mess right now. I've been up all night Boxing hats make Azeroth great again hats. I've been boxing the hats the whole time, but um I'm really really excited to let you guys know in case you hadn't heard already um Classic hats is uh is going to blizzcon. We uh, we gotta prove for media passes for blizzcon actually and uh for those of you guys who've been following our streams you might remember back whenever blizzcon tickets were Whatever the first one on sale tips stay safe and myself were actually like camping the website and trying to buy tickets on stream And we did actually uh state safe was lucky enough to get through and get tickets for us Which honestly like that was pretty amazing um, but You know not only was it completely unlikely, but also For all three of us to like get to go to blizzcon for the first time ever Uh, like that's that's a dream come true man. That that is totally a dream come true Even whenever like I was totally out of the wow scene for a while like I always wanted to go to blizzcon So that's that's one of the things that like in and of itself is like amazing, but that's one thing and Actually getting approved for media passes That's something on like a whole another level um Especially for me personally kind of with my history of getting dmc at by blizzard and You know getting banned I got banned from streaming on youtube almost a year ago. You guys know Hey, it's not nesfan video if he doesn't mention that right? Um for streaming vanilla private servers, but basically what this means What does this mean? What does this mean for you guys? uh Classic cast is going to be given the privilege myself tips and stay safe We're going to be given the privilege to provide exclusive wow classic content From blizzcon to you guys right here on youtube Obviously we know about the one classic panel that was put on the blizzcon schedule, but I think getting these passes It I think it bodes well It makes me optimistic that there's probably going to be a little bit more Classic news than what's actually on the schedule And we all know the the classic announcement last year was a total surprise, right? So, uh, I would hope That there's going to be a little bit more classic news than that And I I think the fact that they uh, they prove media passes for us is a is a pretty good sign Uh personally uh something else that's going on that people should be really excited about is Wowhead I you might have missed it on twitter if you guys are on twitter or whatever wowhead announced That they're doing a classic site Which is is awesome Because it's it's wowhead. They own thought bot. They have access to the old databases all this stuff and now I'd gotten the chance to talk to wowhead a little bit actually over the course of the past month or so Maybe a little more uh just about classic and and just like other random stuff and Just kind of talking about the different things that uh The different things that like, you know Different tools that they're going to have at their disposal and kind of what they still have like I asked them they still have like A lot of the old thought bot stuff and and it's so funny because They have all the data that Private servers Have been and and private server players have been going through the internet and you're like trying to scrounge up and find in every corner And every avenue of the internet that they can find like oh like this little tidbit information there tidbit of information there Wowhead has that They they own thought bot. They have all the old stuff. They have their own old stuff from from original wowhead so It's just not really out there yet And you can't really even like with way back machine and stuff you can't find all that stuff But for the most part they have all that so all that stuff that like I know When they said that Because I wasn't sure if they were actually going to like, you know provide like legacy comments or anything like that And they said they're thinking about doing that Um That's kind of like the heavens open up and it's like hallelujah Like that's something very very exciting for me as an old school player And I think a lot of people are going to be really excited about that too just to Kind of be able to crack open the vault and see all this old stuff and old information that Is accurate to the times right? I think that's something that people are going to be really really excited about Obviously, it's free. It's wowhead. I mean, it's it's a it's a tool for the community Really really really excited about that something else is They're going to be working on different like tools like raid tools and and honor tools and stuff like that There's not really much out there compared to the tools that a lot of retail wow Um players are provided with so for those of us in the classic community That's something that that we should all be very very excited about I think and um I don't know who knows they might even make a thought bot skin I saw that they posted on twitter a wowhead thought bot picture But anyway, this was basically just a quick update video and and just kind of wanted to share with you guys That's something we've been really excited about we found out a few days ago And we're like do we tell them do we not do we do we share it yet? And we said hey why not right so Um, thank you guys so much. Thank you guys so so much for all the support you guys have given us. I mean Uh, just watching our channels watching our live streams. I mean it's uh, if it wasn't for you guys classic cast wouldn't have grown Uh, I mean it just it just wouldn't have grown to to what it is now and um To get the opportunity to go to blizzcon with the media pass is is really really special to get approved for media passes and Uh, I mean it's it's just it's just a media pass right part part of me thinks it's just a media pass, right? but um At the same time like I said with with my own personal history the dmca and stuff like that that uh Makes me feel really good like I feel like uh I feel like a lot of like validation out of out of getting approved for a media pass and like just kind of seeing that Working hard doing things the right way following the rules Seeing that it's it's really starting to pay off and uh, not worrying about all the bull crap and and whatever else is going on that people want to make up and and Uh, whatever narrative people want to make up to push in their own minds. So Again, just thank you guys so much and I can't wait to see you guys sunday for our next classic cast


Hello everyone, welcome to the final lecture in this NPTEL course on non-linear control. So we had, we were looking at sliding mode control and we sort of looked at last time a way for chattering attenuation, right? And after that we also, we started to discuss the notion of equivalent control, right? What is equivalent control? It is basically the control that you obtain from the fact that your sliding variable goes to 0 in spite of the disturbance beyond a certain time, right? So this is a very important and interesting idea because this equivalent control is obviously not an implementable control and this is the actual control. But the fact is the actual control in a time average sense must go to the equivalent control, otherwise there is no way that the system would remain on the sliding surface, right? So therefore an estimate for the equivalent control is simply a filtered, a low pass filtering of the signum function here and that is what is implemented here. And essentially now what we can say is that from here you can see that if you simply match this guy with this guy, yeah? If you say, as you can imagine this has to match, otherwise there is no way, you understand there is no way that sliding, ideal sliding happens, right? And therefore once you match these two you understand that this quantity and this quantity have to be the same, right? So therefore what we are essentially claiming is that a very good estimate for f is rho low pass filter of signum of sigma, right, for t greater than equal to t r, right? And you understand this becomes a very nice way of estimating not just disturbance but any derivative for that matter, right? Because where was the disturbance? The disturbance was actually in x2 dot, right? So even if there was no notion of control, yeah? Even if there was no notion of control you could in fact compute the derivative using this idea. And because of lack of time we are not going to get into that but this is very closely connected to the notion of a sliding mode differentiator, yeah? It is a very nice way of doing a, obtaining a differential or in fact obtaining any disturbance signal, yeah? So what have we done? We have taken simply the signum of the, this sliding mode variable and we are scaling it by this rho, you know this rho which is obviously greater than l and all of that, right? And so we are simply scaling by rho this low pass filter version of signum of sigma and we are saying that this is a great estimate for any disturbance, right? And that is great, yeah? Because that is what we will sort of use in trying to look at the notion of a super twisting control, yeah? Because until now you have seen that the chattering is not still completely gone, okay? So what is this super twisting control, right? So you see that even though the chattering was gone in the first level, in the second level that is even though the chattering was less because we use an integral control for example in this chattering attenuation kind of idea, still there is going to be chattering, right? At the next level. So it is not like you are going to completely get rid of this but super twisting controls are a sort of quite an amazing way of getting rather smooth controls, right? Are a very good way of getting rather smooth controls, okay? So let us sort of look at what is this super twisting control? So what is the idea here? I am going to go back to the original treatment here. If you see what did we do? We had this half sigma squared as our V, right?  I mean the V is already cancelled the CX2 and all that so we are not worried about that anymore. So here we have constructed the V as minus rho signum sigma, right? So now we do something slightly different, right? And that is what is the title here, it is a super twisting control. And this is due to some really, really interesting results from Uthkin, etc. So what is the super twisting control? You remember that we had sigma as X2 plus CX1 and we had V as 1 half sigma squared, right?   I am deliberately not writing the arguments of F just to save some space, right? And what did we do? We said that we will prescribe U as minus CX2 plus a new control V and so this becomes sigma times V plus F and this is the point when we had prescribed V as minus rho signum of sigma, right? Now this is where we prescribe a different control, right? We say that our V is not going to be minus rho signum sigma but it is going to be minus rho sigma to the power half sigma sigma, okay, all right? Minus rho sigma to the power half sigma sigma, right? Now let us consider for a moment and say that is no different, no disturbance at all. Say F is in fact 0. Then what happens is that V dot becomes minus rho sigma to the power half times sigma signum sigma which is basically, this is just absolute value of sigma so this is just minus rho sigma to the power 3 by 2, right? This is what you have. This is minus rho sigma to the power 3 by 2, okay? Now so let us see, so right, right, right? So I am just trying to see how we can do this so I want to write this in terms of the V itself, right? And so that is my primary question, right? So this is actually going to be if, yeah, so this implies sigma is somehow equal to square root of twice V is what I get from here and I have substituted here, right, the absolute value of sigma is square root of 2 V. If I substitute it here, I will get minus rho 2 to the power half, so 2 to the power 3 fourth times V to the power 3 fourth, right, okay, great? So it does not matter what I choose my rho as, it is evident that this is less than 1 so implies have finite time convergence, okay, have finite time convergence. So it is not like we have done any achieving new in terms of the convergence, the convergence is still finite time convergence for the variable sigma, the sliding variable sigma, however something really cool has happened, right? My control has changed, yeah, let us not worry about you, let us just look at V because U is just a smooth term along with V. Now earlier the control was minus rho sigma of sigma. So what was the earlier control going to look at? Look like if I try to plot it, let us see, we take a different color, if, right? The earlier control was depending on the sign of sigma, right? It was going to jump between the, yeah, the earlier control could be something like this, right? Depending on the sign of sigma, it would look something like this, right? So this is the old control, yeah? But the super twisting control is rather nice. It is not just signum of sigma, it is signum of sigma multiplied by the square root of sigma and this makes it rather nice and continuous, yeah? So this is rather cool, yeah? Why the control is not going to be these jumps anymore at all? Because even if sigma becomes, here what was happening was even if sigma became slightly positive, you had this guy. If it became slightly negative, you had this guy. Just moving from this to this, this to this, this to this, it was like a bang bang. Here the movement is much more smooth. If it is slightly positive, then you only have a slightly up curve, slightly negative, slightly up and so on and so forth, right? But this you will have as the super twisting control. Now the only problem is when there is actually the disturbance, right? It is not really cancelling the disturbance term, if you notice. The whole purpose of rho sigma was it was dominating the disturbance term. This guy is not doing that. And so what do we propose? We propose that, so if you look at what happens in the presence of disturbance is that the sigma dot dynamics starts to look like minus rho sigma to the power half sigma because the Cx2 is already cancelled, the sigma dot will just be this plus the disturbance, yeah? So you see the disturbance is not really compensated, okay? Not really compensated. So in the presence of disturbance, you will not get convergence to the sliding surface, right? So what do we do? We actually use the idea of this estimator, right? What is it? Suppose we have this assumption that f dot is also less than equal to some L bar, right? And then we construct Rv as minus rho sigma sigma plus a variable w where the w is now an estimator, right? Where the w is now an estimator of f, right, okay? So w is somehow f hat. Why does this work? It is exactly from the notion of the equivalent control, exactly coming from the notion of the equivalent control, right? If you look at this, what is the equivalent control? We say that the estimate is simply a low pass filter, right? And what is the low pass filter? It's something like this, right? So here, the only thing we've done is we've not put in a low pass filter type term. We've simply kept it at this B signum sigma, right? And this also works, right? So this is from the notion of equivalent control, yeah? You can actually estimate, right? You can actually estimate the quantity f, okay? You can actually estimate the quantity f and that's the whole sort of really, really cool idea, okay? That's the whole interesting, interesting idea. That, of course, you can always have a, you know, there's no problem if you have a minus kw as well, no problem, right? But this works, right? This is becoming, this will be an estimator of f and that is essentially what you apply on top of your super twisting control and this will also compensate for the f itself, okay? This will also compensate for the f itself. Of course, we are not specifying what B is, so we'll just say B large enough, yeah? Because if you remember here also, this rho was large enough to compensate for f, f dot and so on and so forth, okay? So again, we have shown these without proof. So obviously, you cannot say that this is a complete rigorous treatment, but the idea is the control obtained from super twisting is going to be much nicer, much cleaner, right? Than anything that you will get from the typical classical sliding mode control, okay? The final sort of notion that I want to introduce is the notion of second order sliding mode, right? Or higher order sliding mode. You can always have higher and higher order sliding mode, but I'm simply going to introduce, motivate this using the notion of a second order sliding mode, all right? So what is the notion? Earlier we constructed sigma as x2 plus some cx1, okay? And we said this is first order, yeah? Because it, essentially it is, what does it do? It, sigma goes to 0 finite time and slides on sigma equal to 0 for infinite time, right? Until both states actually go to 0, right? You remember the picture? The picture was drawn probably in the first page itself here, first and second, right? You actually reach the sliding surface and then you keep sliding for infinite time until you reach here, right? So you are moving in a one dimensional surface for infinite time, right? And this is why this is the first order sliding mode, right? And this, what we say is when a behavior like this happens for a dynamical system that it starts to move or restrict itself to a one dimensional surface, then we say that there is partial dynamical collapse, right? Which means what, that you started off with a second order system, two state variables, but you collapsed and started moving on a dimension one curve, right? That's a partial dynamic collapse. When you do second order sliding mode, you actually do complete dynamical collapse. So the target is complete dynamical collapse, which means what? Implies x1 and x2 both go to 0 in finite time, okay? And how does one do that? One does that by choose non-linear sliding surface, right? What is this non-linear sliding surface? It's very straightforward, right? I choose my sigma exactly motivated by the super twisting sort of an expression. Instead of x2 plus cx1, I take a c absolute x1 to the power half, sigma x1, right? The purpose of having this super twisting type expression, right? I am going to use this, call this a super twisting type expression because this is exactly what we used in super twisting control, right? The purpose of having this is to make sure that this is a nice continuous function, right? If I just use c signums x1, then it's not continuous, right? And that's, you cannot even categorize that as a surface, right? So as I said, purpose is to ensure continuous sigma, right? Because if it is not continuous, then sigma equal to 0 is not a surface, right? So therefore, the idea of sliding more, sliding surface, sliding manifold is not possible, right? If this is not continuous, so it has to at least be continuous and that is what this sort of a term does, right? Now what do we know about this thing, right? What do we know about this thing, right? If sigma goes to 0 in finite time, say, then what do I have? I have x1 dot equals minus c absolute x1 to the power half sigma x1, right? All I have done is substitute for x2 as x1 dot, right? Now if I take v as half x1 squared, I know exactly that v dot is going to be minus, because we did this analysis right here, right? We did this analysis exactly for the similar case here, right? Instead of sigma, there will be just x1, right? So I am going to get v dot as minus c x1 absolute value to the power 3 by 2 and that is just, again, just pulling it out from here, that is just going to be this guy, right? Minus 2 to the power 3 fourth c v to the power 3 fourth, right? And therefore, what do you have? Implies x1 goes to 0 in finite time, right? Because obviously this is less than 1, right? So that is exactly the condition, right? That v dot has to be some negative constant multiplied by v to the power alpha, where alpha is less than 1 and that is exactly the finite time convergence condition. Therefore, x1 goes to 0 in finite time and x2 is simply x1 dot and therefore, x2 also goes to 0 in finite time, right? And so we have what we will have what we want, right? This is what does it mean? We will have finite time collapse, right? We will have complete dynamical collapse because in implies have complete dynamical collapse, right? Why? Because we ensure that both states go to 0 in finite time, yeah? And stay there, right? So it is not sliding on a one-dimensional surface, it goes to a 0-dimensional surface which is origin, right? Goes to origin in finite time and we are done, right? And we are done, right? So that is the very interesting notion. Now what is it that we need to remember? We need to of course find out what you to use for sigma going to 0 in finite time, right? That is an important question, what will be the control, right? Now if you see, if I try to use v equal to sigma square to arrive at a control, I am going to get pretty complicated things, right? Because I have to take derivative of this guy and all that. I have to take derivative of this guy and all that, right? Because if I, so sigma dot complicated, not that it is not possible, but yeah, it is fairly complicated. The, it is fairly complicated, right? Because once I not to do sigma sigma dot, I will have to take derivative of this guy, right? So however, it is well understood that u equal to again minus rho sigma works for large sigma, okay? But again with a lot of chattering, right? This control also will have a lot of chattering, okay? So notice that this looks similar to before, but actually it is different because sigma itself is different, right? Okay? But again this control like I said before also has a decent bit of chattering, right? Even though you have sliding, you have a non-linear sliding surface, but the point is only the sliding surface is non-linear. The fact that if you go across it this way or that way, across even a non-linear sliding surface, your control is still jumping, right? Then the other option is of course, you can or use super twisting, yeah? So whatever be the order of the sliding mode or the slide, you can always switch to a super twisting control, right? Because then you get rid of the chattering issue in a very, very nice and efficient way, right? Because this is definitely going to jump across the sliding surface, right? Even if the sliding surface is linear, non-linear, it doesn't matter. It's still going to jump. It is still going to move along around it and if it moves across it, it's the control going to jump and therefore there's going to be high frequency chatter. On the other hand, the super twisting control because it's not going to be rho sigma, it is going to be something like minus rho sigma to the power half sigma sigma, yeah? We are going to have a much more smoother performance, okay? And that's sort of what you're looking for, all right? So that's sort of all we wanted to discuss in sliding mode control. We did first order sliding mode. We did second order sliding mode. We sort of understood how using the notion of equivalent control, you can actually obtain the value of the disturbance itself. We understood the limitations in the sense that there is a lot of boundedness, uniform boundedness assumptions. We understood that there is chattering issues that we need to resolve. Super twisting control is one of the really cool developments in sliding mode control area, which actually gets rid of chattering very efficiently, right? And this can be combined with the function, the disturbance determination scheme to actually get to the sliding surface, yeah? So of course, we did most of this without proof and with a very nice double integrator example. Things are significantly more complicated if you do more elaborate things for more general systems. And of course, there is enough literature and books and texts in this area. So I have particularly been referring to the book by Yuri Stessel and others, yeah? Sliding mode control, yeah? There is quite a few authors. All the most of the pretty heavy lifters in the area are sort of co-authors in this book. And so it's one of the better written books. Most of the material that we've covered is from the first chapter, yeah? And so as you can imagine, this is what you've covered is literally just the first chapter introduction, so sliding mode. And there is so much more than this in sliding mode control, yeah? That we have not actually covered here. So that brings us to the end of this NPTEL course. I really, really hope that you enjoy learning through this course. And I also really hope that some of what you learned ends up being useful for you in the real world. And I would be very happy to hear here and on YouTube, you know, please tag me, please tag the course on your social network pages. And I mean, so that more and more people can actually take the course, learn from the course. And there is more interest in the topic in general, yeah? So that's all from me. Thank you so much again.