We are also working on the regional carbon-picking neutrality, and it's also on the corporate climate action side. So we also have interaction with the team on the ground. And so far, absolutely. Very good thing for us to give you my call, but we can't securely do that. OK. Good morning, everybody. Welcome. Thank you for joining us here. This is part of this stakeholder dialogue today. We'll be discussing how to stay within planetary boundaries, carrot or stick. Sorry, my name is Nicky Dean. I'm the chief editor for Nature Energy, the scientific publication part of the Nature family. And I'm joined today by a very illustrious panel to help talk through this problem. So as we know, there's an increasing impact of human activities on our earth systems, which is causing all sorts of irreversible harm, and hopefully some reversible harm. And our shared resources on which we depend are becoming increasingly in jeopardy. This covers our air, to our soils, water, and broader climate, and threatens both our health and livelihood, as well as that of the wider ecosystems that we're a part of. Now, we are, broadly speaking, agreed that we need to get on track towards a net zero climate safe and nature positive future, but we know this will not be easy. And we're going to need to change behaviors of both individuals, but also the way that our industries and corporations and also our government's work and practice. We're going to need to do this through a mixture of carrots and hopefully perhaps not so many sticks and some kind of mix. And there's a very active and live debate as to how we go about this. But we're likely to see an increasing move towards a more stick-like interventions into the future as things worsen if we're not able to act. And it's important to note that as well as worrying about our systems, our planetary systems today, we need to worry about those in the future and think about the generations to come. So what we're going to try to do is have a discussion from various stakeholder perspectives here about how we think through some of these different carrots and sticks. And I'm very pleased to say that I am joined today by, to my left here, Marjoon, the director for the Institute for Public and Environmental Affairs. I'm joined by Nicholas Gustafson, the chief sustainability officer and head for corporate affairs in the Volvo group. By Jamila Mahmood, the executive director for the Sunway Center for Planetary Health, Sunway University in Malaysia. And Moaka Mukubesa, the permanent secretary for budget and economic affairs in Zambia. And we hope to be joined very soon by Jonas Leonis, the Undersecretary for Policy Planning and International Affairs at the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines, who is currently on his way very rapidly from the airport, I'm told. So he'll join us very soon. OK, so, but perhaps to start things off, I'd like to turn to you, Mar, and for a bit of an overview, if you will, of what are some of the levers that we're seeing at the moment, or over recent years, being deployed to help drive action on climate and nature, and how we're looking to these to help accelerate action at speed and scale. Thank you, Niki. It's so good to be back to Summer Devils in Tianjin and talking about levers and drivers, and our experience is that we better have both, you know, better have a mixture of that. There was once upon a time, we did not have much logistics at all, and at that time, you know, we copied laws and regulations from the West, but the environmental laws and regulations not enforced very properly, and as a result, we have experienced real severe pollution of our air, water, and soil and coastal seas. This has been changed from 10 years ago, in response to people's demand for clean air. When Beijing, Tianjin, and the whole surrounding region suffer from severe smog, people demand for clean air, and the government launched a clean air action plan, and then followed it by strengthening our environmental legal legislation, introducing some of the toughest measures, and in the meantime, launched a central government inspection mechanism, sending out tens of thousands of inspectors across the country, holding not just penalized, the corporations violated the standards, but also the officials failing their duty. You know, before that, when we don't have the sticks, you know, it created an incentive for many corporations to cut down, cut corners to win the contract, to be more competitive in the market, and the discharge level remains to be very, very high. But through all these measures taken, China's local emission has dramatically been reduced dramatically. You know, sulfur dioxide from 25 million tons to 3 million, and nitrogen dioxide has also been halved from 20 million to 10. So as a result, you know, the PM 2.5 in general dropped by 47% in just 10 years of time, the fine particles in Beijing from 90 to 30 in just 10 years of time. So today we absolutely have more clean air. So it may sound just like only sticks, but actually, you know, by doing all this proper enforcement, Chinese government also started disclosing the information to the public, you know, PM 2.5 every hour. Some of the largest emitters need to report of their online monitoring every hour or two hours to the public, and we put it on a cell phone app called the Blue Map, and people can see that, so those who, you know, those serial value violators have to respond for the first time to the public intervention. And through this process, you know, hundreds upon thousands of them started changing behavior. And also our data has been, you know, today the disclosure allows us to track the performance of 12 million corporations operating in China. And some of the largest brands, including, you know, some of the leading European brands, tap into the data to grain their supply chain in China. And this created further incentives. And some of the largest financial institutions, including some of the largest banks in China, over the past three years, use our data to do diligence of one million companies who want to borrow money to check their environmental performance before they give them the loans. So all these are the created incentives. So it seems to be based on the stakes, on the regulatory, but it also created market incentives. I think the competition is very good. And today we're facing new challenge. The PN 2.5 is dropping, but the CO2 level globally, you know, from 280 ppm to 420 last year already. So this region experienced unprecedented three days of consecutive days of 40 degrees Celsius. So we're facing the global, new global challenges. And in response to the Chinese government, made carbon pick a neutrality commitment. By 2030, we're going to pick by 2060, we're going to cut our neutralized, our more than 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide. But it's not easy. It's very, very challenging globally. You know, the three years of COVID, turbulent energy market, geopolitical tension, shifted the focus on energy security, food security, and security of the industrial supply chain. So in such a kind of difficult situation, we need to absolutely, we need stakes because the world is not moving to work achieving the Paris Agreement. But in the meantime, we also need to learn from all these experiences during the past 10 years in China's pollution control to try to mix the two, to also create incentives. Those incentives are going to hopefully, you know, to incentivize particularly the sectors like the renewable energy. You know, China's going to achieve our renewable energy target five years ahead of schedule. And then the new vehicle, e-vehicles, the new energy vehicles, our penetration rate almost got nearly doubled, you know, year-on-year. So I think there are all these potentials. We need to give incentives as well. And all this depends on one thing. That is information. I think information, transparency, and then based on that, you know, to have all the regions and corporations measure and disclose their setting proper target, we need to digitize the whole process to make it far more cost-effective. Thank you. Thank you. So a real mix, then, of these different types of incentive, carrot stick and the open disclosure, your finding has been an effective approach that you can start translating across different types of these problems, having learned from the air pollution situation. Yeah, last year we worked with our partners to develop the digital accounting platform. And last year some of the largest brands globally and locally have used our accounting platform to drive their suppliers to measure and disclose 62 million tons of their Scope 1 and 2, you know, carbon footprint. Of course, that's their Scope 2, but it's the Scope 3 of those major brands. Those brands who made commitment from Paris to Glasgow to Shamshaik on that zero commitment, much of the footprint is actually on the Scope 3 side, on the supply chain, particularly in China, the factory of the world. So how do we work together on that, matters to the whether those brands can honor their commitment. And in the meantime, it also, of course, matters to our climate future of the planet. Thank you. So I'd like to turn to Nicholas to follow this point up. So we've heard then about an example in China. Volvo is a global company. So you're working across 190 countries. You're going to have to work with the whole landscape of different types of approach like this, dependent on the jurisdiction, different regulations. You're having to worry about, as we've heard, like there's upstream and downstream concerns that you need to think about. So as a global company, then, how do you navigate this very varied and ever-changing landscape of different types of incentive? Yeah. Well, Nick, it's a complex issue. First of all, it's good to be back in Tianjin. And that is part of the answer, honestly, because it needs to be one of the most important parts for us as a global company to actually follow and understand is to engage in dialogue, both with policymakers, but also throughout the whole value chain of our industry. So for us at Volvo Group, automotive industry is heavily regulated. We are used to that. So that's all fine. But the transition that we are into right now, going from almost 100% fossil fuel-powered vehicles to new energy vehicles of different types and so on, that's a transition of our industry, but it's also a transition of the whole value chain. So we committed to science-based targets a couple of years back. Honestly, I can share with you that we knew it was the right thing to do, so to say. There are all these pledges and commitments and we pick and choose and we are really committed to do it. But what we didn't really understand was how important that science-based target tool was internally in our company. We are approximately 100,000 people employed all over the world. And all of our entries wants to be part of this decarbonization journey in our company. And it was really, really good because it showed for real how we make progress in scope one and scope two and scope three. And exactly as Majun just put it, it's transparency in reporting.  For us, it's 96% of our CO2 footprint globally. So scope three commitment is essential when we are talking science-based targets. Scope one and two needs to be done as well, but much easier for a truck manufacturer to secure that our production facilities are powered with green energy, that we buy the right things in our transport system in our own internal logistics and so on. But scope three, that is the challenge, obviously. Both downstream, meaning how are our trucks and buses and construction equipment powered going forward with this new energy, be it electric or be it green hydrogen or other green biofuels, whatever is available. But upstream scope three is also a huge challenge, meaning all the components that we buy. So for Volvo Group, we have approximately 55,000 first tier suppliers. And you can imagine it easily becomes millions of companies when you go through the value chain. And that's what we do right now. So committing to science-based target on top, if you like, or at the side of being heavily regulated as we are as well, carrot or stick, it's an interesting journey because what drives us as a company is actually the science-based targets. That is setting the strategies completely for us. Are regulators following this? Yes, more or less. But you have to understand also in our industry, as in many other industries, it's competition. It's fierce competition. So being regulated is maybe more to secure that everyone, also the slower movers, are coming along. But incentivizing or committing to science-based targets isn't as a carrot thing. That is bringing us the more forward-leaning companies going much more quicker, I think. And what's interesting in our business is that we are not doing cars any longer. We divested Volvo cars many years back. So we only do commercial vehicles, meaning we are in business to business. We are only dealing with other companies. And what we have learned now during the past two years is that so many more companies are now joining in to signing up to science-based targets. And that means that we immediately come into the equation of others because someone's scope one is someone else's scope three and so on. And for anyone, a business leader in any company out there wants to show progress in each quarterly report. Financing, financial progress. But now with science-based target, also CO2 progress, reduction product progress. No one wants to report quarter after quarter that nothing really happened, right? So everyone wants to really show progress. And for any company out there exploring their specific CO2 footprint in scope one, two, and three, immediately comes to transport. Many companies come to transport. And that's where Volvo comes in then, obviously, with our battery electric and fuel cell electric vehicles going forward. So we can help each other in the value chain to actually say when can we do this transition and who should invest in what time. And just to end with, we don't have time, right? So that's also the key thing, to be transparent with your reporting and as science-based target is requiring to actually have targets for 2030, 2035 and onwards, not only for 2050, right?  That's the key year to regulate things, right? 2020, 2030. So the next big CO2 topic is regulated to be 2030. It's only six years away. And throughout this value chain, we can tick the box already. We have the electric trucks in full production, so that's all fine. But we don't see the infrastructure as good as in many parts of China. It is starting to really be there, but not in other parts of the world. So this value chain approach is really key here, I think. Very interesting. As a scientist, I'm very happy to hear the discussion of science-based targets. That's great, but this is a very good segue, I think. We hear about all this. So the science-based targets are important. I think the emissions accounting is crucial and understanding the science and the data and so on behind it. But Jamila, if I can turn to you in your work in public health, people are not, you know, if we think about change and I think Nicholas touched on an interesting point about the desire of lots of people in their organization to be part of the change, we're not necessarily motivated by seeing progress against indicators. So how do we need to think about how these various crises come together in a way that helps motivate people's action beyond these sorts of very important, but nonetheless, you know, the indicators and metrics. Thank you very much, Nicky. That's such a relevant question. It's wonderful to be here. And as I was listening to our previous two speakers, you know, the issue of governance is not just top-down, it's also bottom-up. And, you know, having, holding governments and businesses to account by citizens, true transparency is going to be very critical. And, of course, science provides us that foundation. But when you think about it, the science has been there for a long time. Why haven't things changed?  And at the end of the day, you know, I come from Malaysia, we are developing, you know, a lot of our businesses, very small-medium enterprise. We need to look at, you know, how we bring them along, the supply chain that you mentioned, right? And I think one area that I want to touch on is really around persuasion science and behavioral science. What is it that makes people make the decisions that need to be made? And it's not just science, unfortunately. So there are very interesting theories, obviously. If you look up persuasion science, six principles, you know, what is it that, you know, by nature, people want to be liked. And how then do you tap into that aspect of human behavior that takes into account, you know, persuasion, which is true reciprocity, you know, authority, the willing, the desire to be liked and so forth. But coming back to your question, Niki, one of the things I keep, you know, trying to impress on people is not just the climate, it's our health. You know, we've just lived through, you know, the most horrific pandemic in our known living history, recent living history. And it's not the worst pandemic to happen. There are worse things coming. But when you look at the health aspects, if you look at the planetary boundaries that we're talking about, the latest one to be breached is microplastics. What is the impact of microplastics on our health? We have rise in, you know, gut cancers because of the change in the microbiome is all to do with probably the stuff we're consuming. A lot of it has plastics. One of the studies that has been done is 80% of the blood samples taken in the study had microplastics. Babies are passing microplastics in their feces. Mothers are passing microplastics through their breast milk. What is that long-term impact of that? You talked about pollution. Pollution, yes, causes respiratory illness. It also causes eye disease. It causes a rise in hypertension, diabetes, and all the complication. Obesity even is related to pollution. And there's so many other aspects of the planetary degradation that is linked to our health. And I think if we bring people back to health, what is more valuable to us during the pandemic? What was the number one priority for us? Our elderly people are kept safe. The people we love, our children are kept safe. We are safe. And nothing else mattered. The economy stalled at that time, right? Everything stalled. And I think if we can bring people to value health, which is so personal, and to show the interconnectedness of our planet and our health, and through businesses, through sound government policies, through good citizen action. And I think one thing we never talk about enough is mental health. Young people today don't want to have children because they're worried about climate change. So how do we now tackle that future workforce that is going to be depressed, that's not going to be productive? So it's all related to the actions we take today. So I want to come back to the Anthropocene, us human beings, driving change. And we need to be the ones. We are the decision makers. We are the ones who vote people into governments and into local governments and national governments. We are the ones who make decisions at our working level. So I think how do we help the governance aspect to be much more long-term, not just the five-year tenure that most politicians have? So if you talk about this stick and the carrot, you need both. But the stick is always short-term. The long-term and the carrot is about long-term education, long-term and good sound communications that's relevant to today, understanding how people consume information. So if I can share one thing we're doing in the university, is that we have included now a course called Planetary Health and Community, where every student cannot graduate unless they complete a seven-week module, which means they understand the impact of the decisions they will make as future leaders. And therefore, whether they're an engineering student, whether they're a culinary art student or medical student, they have to know that they will have a responsibility to make those right decisions when they become leaders. Thank you. This is a very interesting perspective. I'd like to switch slightly now, if I may, to you, Moaka, to change perspective up a little bit more and approach things from where you're coming from in Zambia. You are needing to think about, and colleagues of yours in emerging economies, how we craft multilateralism or bilateral trade, debt relief measures and so on, that are going to be fit for tackling these planetary crises, thinking about climate mitigation, what we're facing with issues around water, some of these health crises. These are critical as you're trying to also develop your economies at the same time. So what's important for you in trying to think about crafting these in this context of some of these targets that we've heard about, but also some of the concerns from citizens about their own future and their own place in this world. Particularly thinking perhaps about issues of the fairness that we hear about so frequently through, for example, the recent loss and damage discussions at last year's call. Okay. Thank you very much. I think this topic is actually pertinent. Before we go, I come to the characteristics. I think I just want to indicate that largely we are agreed as developed countries and developing countries at the table. That we need to protect our planet and we need to keep the planetary boundaries and basically go toward net zero. But I think we need to look at things a little bit more. I'll give an example of my country, Zambia. Net zero planetary boundaries, there are a number of issues that we have actually put in place in terms of policy. For example, when you talk about going green, the government has policies which actually exempt customs duty, for example, for solar equipment to go green in energy. We actually also have exemptions. We have reduced customs duty on electric motor vehicles from 30% to 15% exemption on withholding tax on income and on green bonds, which are under our stock exchange market and so on. A number of those and then we also did set up what we call the Ministry of Green Economy and Environment, which I think it's a milestone. Through that ministry, we're actually developing what we call the climate change bill just to ensure that traction is actually made. However, I think as individual countries, we cannot just end it there. We have our discussions. We agree net zero planetary boundaries.  I think that is not enough. Fundamentally, the essence of human activity, which is undertaken, is basically to enhance our livelihood. And if you look at the developing countries really, for me, I think we need to tackle two fundamental aspects. One is trade, fairness in trade. Most of the developing countries like Zambia are basically at the base of production of some of the key ingredients of the technology we're talking about currently if we're going to actually actualize the Green Revolution. Talk about electric vehicles. Key ingredients. There's copper, which Zambia produces. We have cobalt, which DRC produces. But what price are they getting for those components? If you look at DRC, poverty is high. Why? Because of the price that they're getting. Zambia is no different. We may produce the copper, but can the people in our country actually afford to buy the electric vehicles that we're going to add? So I think we need to fundamentally look at how we discuss fairness about trade. It's good, of course. It's given that developed countries actually do value addition, but you cannot actually value add if there's no ingredient to value add to. So I think it's time to talk about, to discuss differently on trade. And then when we come to credit, I think at Cope, if I recall at Cope 27, there was a launch of the Alliance for Green, what is called Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, where it has been, it was indicated that there will be a raising of about $500 million, because we are appreciating that if we're going to achieve net zero, Africa has a huge financing gap in terms of the infrastructure which is required. Question, good undertaking, what are the particular steps to actually create that? Perhaps we need to relook at our credit financing. We have the institutions which actually assess credit rating of various countries, including developed countries. Should we continue focusing on GDP, inflation, export, debt, or should we bring into the picture the climate aspect? A good example and quick for me to give is DRC. DRC actually holds one of the biggest forests that takes in the carbon, that is produced by developing countries and developed countries together. But are we valuing that when we're talking about financing and credit rating? So I think from our perspective, I think those are the discussions we need to make if we're actually going to achieve the net zero, we're going to achieve our objective of staying within the planetary boundaries. Because really at the end of the day, we have all agreed through the SDGs, human activities to enhance livelihoods. But as we protect the planet toward net zero, livelihoods have to continue. So how best do we do that? I think we need to address trade issues, we need to address financing issues. It's an interesting point you raised there about the, for example, we use the example of the forests, and we often hear discussion around ecosystem services and how do we think properly about their value. So to come back to this idea of where we're thinking through carrots and sticks, how do you think we can more appropriately move towards valuing systems, services like that as part of these sorts of negotiations that then help with the development of countries like Zambia or DRC or similar. So that we are, you know, I guess where does that discussion need to go to make that more productive? So we can bring about the fairness, we can have this like a net zero transition that is just for all. But where we're recognizing these additional things like, you know, the forests, the responsibilities that we have to a lot of these different ecosystems and natural resources, where does that need to come from, do you think? What's the best pathway for it, I guess? Okay, I think I'll give an example of one of the interventions that the World Bank has been undertaking with Zambia. We have, I think it has changed name now. The Waves Accounting Evaluation Ecosystems in Zambia where they are valuing, they've helped us to actually put a value to our water resources, to our forest resources and minerals and so on. I think we need to, as a global community, start taking that into account as we are doing our various valuations, as we are doing our credit-worthiness assessment. I think that's one step that can be taken so that everybody actually gets their fair share. When you talk about carrots, if a person, if someone is brought to the table and actually can see, implicitly, get the benefit of the partnership we're talking about, I think we can actually make headway. Okay, thank you. One other theme I'd like to come back to before we perhaps open up the floor for some questions is we've heard some discussion about youth, particularly if Jamila was talking about younger people. I think we need to think a bit about both the drive of our younger people, new employees coming into workforces, much more mission-driven arguably than previous generations have been. We're worried with the idea of planetary boundaries without safeguarding the planet and planetary health. How do we make sure that the voices of youth are heard as we're developing these different incentives and carrots and sticks out into the future? I mean, does anybody want to go, Jamila? I think it comes back to governance as well, right? Traditionally, and most of the time what you see is that whether it's governments developing policies or whether it's dialogues, youth are included to just listen to their voice. I think what we need to do is radically change that. I think youth should sit on boards. Young people should sit on boards. Young people should be sitting in advisory councils, to governments, to policy-making institutions because it's not just about consulting. It's actually about listening to their ideas and their concerns because they are the ones that are inheriting the problems we've created. So I think it's the tokenism of youth participation has to change. Certainly, what we have done is we have trained young people, starting to train young people how to analyse policies because you may think they're too young to be able to understand complex policies and to our surprise, it was the 16-year-olds and the 17-year-olds are better than the PhDs because perhaps they're the innocence of their minds being able to see things so clearly. And I think we are missing that great opportunity if we don't start thinking about how we radically include young people in pretty serious stuff. I have a long history in the non-profit sectors I used to sit on the board of Save the Children in the UK and Save the Children has a youth board and when the youth board meets adults like us just listen and they can tell us off if we are not doing the right thing. So I think we've got to have that kind of attitude because the radical ideas will come from then. Nicholas's Volvo going to... Yeah, I think when we were talking about young people we noted that since a couple of years back honestly how important it is to get the young people involved and representing the private sector here a bit it's important for companies to show that this company wants to be part of the solution for the long-term future and to be humble to it a bit. There are no easy fixes. We need to be humble and we need to show our next generation that at least this company is forward-leaning, we take it seriously, we want to do something good and we want you to start in our company to help us doing that. And I mean this is pure business driven because we need these people to help us in this. So it's essential for our business to actually make it happen. Another positive thing with the younger generation is that they tend to be more global citizens than we maybe are. So they really want to do good for the globe not specifically for their home country and with this world of protectionism that we see and trade issues and all of these things I think it's really important that we don't miss out on those things as well to really be secure that we save the planet. Not just one region in the world here and there. That's important. Mark, did you have something you wanted to? Yeah. Yesterday I was, you know, I attended a symposium on the launch of the annual survey results of the public environmental protection behavior in China. And based on this result, I mean we've seen rising awareness but how to translate this awareness into action is still, you know, behavior change is still difficult. The challenges responded, you know, particularly the young people responded by saying that first they don't know much channels to participate and then some of these projects are not to their interest. You know, they can be energized with that. So I think we need to address that problem and try to penetrate and try to get great channels for that young people going to feel quite much easy, lower the threshold for them to participate and also to make it more attractive is very important. In China we have one project, you know, there's one very well-known project called Ant Forest. You've probably heard about that. Everyone use AliPay and based on that you can save your own, you know, energy and reduce your own carbon footprint and then this can be transformed into real tree planting in some of the region, you know, western regions in China. So hundreds of millions of people. I can imagine most of them young people are very actively, you know, participated in that. In our case, you know, we have a blue map app that also help young people to get involved. For example, we work with a college, you know, young people's organization called CYCAN and to help the grad, you know, college students to take a picture and through the AI technology to understand whatever species. It's not just flowers, but also, you know, insects and animals and what kind of plants and of course fish and different things. So this new, and they have helped us to put, they have uploaded more than 300,000 pictures in just five months of time, you know, just all have watermarked on what kind of species this is and it's, you know, it's one of the way. And then another, you know, on the climate side, yesterday, you know, one result is clear. In China, you know, the people's awareness on the ecological side and on the pollution control side is much higher than the climate side. On the climate side, it's still not quite there. You know, we're still lagging behind, say, regions like Europe, you know, which can have such a high level of awareness, public awareness, which can support very, very tough public policy on the climate side. In China, you know, the government have created this 30, 60, you know, commitment, but people, people haven't really linked to their daily life with that. So how do we create those links? You know, it's not like smog. It's not palpable as the water pollution and air pollution. So we need to create those. We also need to use more creative ways to engage the young people. So one of the tools we develop is, again, AI technology.  Of course, it's based on a carbon life cycle, LCA carbon footprint database that we're developing. And today we're trying to work with companies who have already measured thousands upon thousands of, sometimes tens of thousands of their products, the product level carbon footprint. But much of that have not been disclosed. There's no way for people to understand that. So we need to create a searchable user-friendly catalog and link that with, say, new tools like Take a picture to understand the embedded carbon. So next time it's not just about, in general, this kind of carbon footprint of this cup, but very, very specific. This specific brand, even the specific batch of this, if we link that with AI technology and then big data and particularly internet of things, there are ways for us to come up with instant measurement and reporting of the carbon footprint. I hope that through this we can help people to really make different choices. Thank you. And just around the south, yes, please. Just to add, I think one of the industries which has actually shown or demonstrated the ability to capture young people is basically the film industry. Because in this era of social media, actually everybody is glued to social media. They're watching movies and so on. I think that's one of the avenues we should actually really look at critically if we're going to capture, because we need to capture them young and they grow up with those concepts and basically come to effectively leave them and implement them. Thank you. Nikki, if I can share, one thing we are doing is actually working with Sony Interactive with the PlayStation on gamification of climate change. Because I think, you know, if you talk about young people, they like gaming. So, you know, you're absolutely right. This is how we need to understand how do people consume information. It's not through the traditional newspapers or the journals that you and I may read. It's through interactive gaming. It's through the shopping experience. How does that become a lesson in understanding planetary boundaries? What you were saying earlier about that cup of water, I remember when I was in Switzerland, you can buy clothing with a DNA and you can trace where the cotton was grown, who grew it, you know, how far did this shirt come to where you purchased it from? So the entire chain of events and making that, you know, something, a discovery of knowledge which is exciting and interesting. So I think, again, if you don't talk to young people and ask them, what excites you? You know, how do you consume information? What will make you want to do something? We, as, you know, the manufacturers, as the business people, you're losing the business opportunity to understand, you know, what your audience really wants. Yeah. Thank you. I think this is probably a good moment to open up for questions before the session comes in and so if anybody has a question, there are some microphones. Is one over here? Yes? I have a question and there are so many differences and gaps between the developed countries and the developing countries. How can we ensure the climate justice in transformation? What can, what should we consider? What factors should we consider? That's all. Mo Maka, would you like to take that or to start with or? Okay. I think to add to what I had submitted earlier, as we look at the boundaries, the targets that we're setting, I think the other issue, the fundamental issue to address is that, given developed countries have gone through this development path, industrialized, and of course they do actually contribute significantly to the emissions. And then you have the developing countries actually still milestones behind and they need to catch up in development. Talk about the carbon markets. I think in terms of developing that, we have basically, that has basically leaned more in the developed world compared to the developing countries. How do we bring the developing countries in there? Is it enough for the big industries to buy carbon credits and continue emitting? Because that sounds more like a red flag to the developing countries to say, sorry, the development path this way has closed. Use another door. I think that's not really the way we should be moving. Perhaps we need to ensure that there's a stick in regard to the developed countries. They need to start taming down their emissions and perhaps allow a certain threshold for the developing countries to continue the developing path while new technologies are being adapted with financing coming through for them to actually move on toward the net zero. I think it's a balancing act that needs to be done. Nicholas? Yeah, I think here, the private sector has a special role, of course. If you separate a little bit the private sector from regulators, I think on this topic, it's very important for the big companies of the world like us that are present everywhere that we have a plan, a global plan for all these things, how to make sustainable transport possible everywhere, and that we'd not just have one for the developed part of the world like Europe or like US or somewhere else. It's extremely important that we take that kind of responsibility for our companies, but also for the globe to have a global plan for that because regulators are not necessarily doing that for us. If you are only here to fulfill regulations as companies, then we are stuck into regional regulations because that's what it is. Fulfilling the toughest CO2 regulation, of course we will do that, but that's in Europe. Second toughest in the US. We will also fulfill that one. But if we are only here as a company to just fulfill regulations, that's where it ends. So I think it is a special role for global companies to actually have a global map with or without regulations for it. Thanks. I think the just transition is very, very important globally. Globally we have the common but differentiated responsibilities principle that need to be adhered to, the $100 billion commitment made by those industrialized countries need to be delivered. I think this hasn't been fulfilled. I think all this needs to be done on the global level. On the national and local development side, I think how to really ensure a just transition. We are also just getting new experience of that. After China made the carbon picker neutrality index, we have our green finance created the first round of taxonomy by getting rid of all the co-related projects, co-power projects, fully out of that. But then the last two years, power shortage during the peak season and then the turbulent global energy market plus the geopolitical tension have made it very, very challenging to ensure energy security. And then in this new round of taxonomy, the co-power, clean coal have all again been put back into that. And the green finance have been renamed as transition finance because we're understanding the transition is far from being accomplished and it's going to be much bumpier than expected. Having said that, I go back to this idea of Karen Sticks. I go back to this idea that fundamentally, I think data transparency is extremely important because without that, we're going to have, particularly when you don't have like in Europe, you have that kind of, we just don't have any coal. We don't support any coal project. I mean that's easier. But when we need to do transition, you need to differentiate those who are really doing the transition or those who just pretend to do it.  ESG wash now. So how do we create this real accountability system? We're working with our partners to develop a corporate climate action index. Last year, it assessed the performance of 1,000 global and local brands and listed companies. This year, it expanded to 1,500. The idea is that we need to have a science-based way to really assess the performance and then really identify those who are really doing the transition and then give them support, give them real incentives. And then to the others, we probably need to have more sticks. All the stakeholders have to come together to really put pressure on those to really deliver whatever promise they make. The accountability is really important, absolutely. I think that's, first of all, a great question. I feel sad to tell you that it's going to be really, really hard because even though now we've described the planetary boundaries as safe and just boundaries, it's changed from just safe boundaries. I think a couple of things we haven't really talked about and the shifts in legislation. For the first time, you see civil society groups taking big oil companies to court. Today, in my phone, I got a message that the Church of England has divested and shelled. The writing is on the wall, right? So there will be some significant shifts in how investments that hurt companies are going to slowly shift the conversation. But the issue of justice, at the end of the day, it's about equity, as you mentioned. Countries like mine, like yours, still need to build schools and roads, and that will come from funding that may not be fossil fuel-free. So how then do we hold the major polluters to account? And I think that has to be put centre of everything. And data transparency is going to be key. One area, obviously, that we haven't talked a lot about is the rise, the stories. I think, again, I come back to communications. What will make things change? It's human stories. I always tell the story about, I wish he was here, a Filipino lawyer who took a company to court on behalf of dolphins. And because he said if the company set up their business there, it would actually kill a lot of the dolphins. And his future children and grandchildren would not have the opportunity to enjoy dolphins and won the case.  No, the story about pollution. I always tell the story of Ella, a nine-year-old girl in London who died because of severe, actually, 20 asthma attacks in two years. And the coroner, for the first time in the history of humanity, this little girl has a death certificate with toxic air pollution as a cause of death. No one else has had it. Gave the mother enough fuel and energy to advocate for clean air. And as a result, London has ultra-low emission zones that reduce pollution. I mean, it's human stories like this. Behind every number, there is someone who has a story of suffering. And here is where I come back to education and values. As a doctor, I will tell you the first organ that develops is the heart, and then the brain later on. And when the baby is born, what do parents do? We focus on the brain, right? We don't focus on the heart so much. I'm not saying everyone, but generally. And therefore, we don't grow up with the value systems that are required for us to have a safe and just planet. Whereas traditionally, as human beings, our sense of success is when our community thrived, how do we bring this back? So it sounds like very soft and philosophical, but it's essential.  We have just five minutes left. I want to give people a chance to ask questions if there are any. So maybe if anybody's got something they want to put their hand up, we can take a couple and then go from there before we end. So there's one here and one here. So this gentleman here, please. My question is regarding where you would like to see more young researchers and entrepreneurs using their talents. So what are the areas that you see as underexplored, where perhaps decades as opposed to years of progress could bear fruit? And if you'd like to ask yours as well, then we can take all the answers together. Thanks. So I'm Carolina. I'm a global shaper as well, based in Stockholm. And my question is if you could wish for one outcome at COP28, what would that be? Okay. So maybe if we go around. So, Ma, if you'd like to start, we have what would you like to see people focus on? And do you have a one outcome for COP28? Which saves me having to ask that at the end. So thank you. Wow. Focus on so much that we can do that. And I think fundamentally, you know, now we fully, you know, our growth is still very much dependent on energy and resource and all these resources. We hope to turn that into, you know, dependence on technology. So I hope the young people could lead to the innovation, you know, of technological innovation. I think that part is extremely important. And young people are super active and they have their own ways to cross all this message to their young colleagues. And I also hope to see them working more on that. On the COP28, I do hope, of course, you know, everyone, we can have more peace. I think that's the most important. Without that, it's difficult. But based on that, you know, I hope, of course, enhanced ambition, but nationally it's going to be challenging. So corporate accountability is extremely important. More than 9,000 of companies made net zero commitment. How do we hold them accountable and translate particularly the scope three carbon, you know, commitment into real action? I hope to see that. Thank you. Thank you. Yes. Well, in our industry, innovation is key. There are so, so many things to still be innovated. So just pick a technology area and you're welcome to come to old one and help us innovate. We work a lot with small startups all over the world. But of course, focusing mainly on the green transition, but also in data. It's a huge thing in data in transport industry. It's a lot of waste in the transport system still. So we need quick innovation in many parts of it. On COP and on accountability. I think it's a really important COP coming up now. And to Mayun's point, all of these companies in the private sector committing to facing out fossil fuels, including oil. My question is actually the opposite. How long time will it take? Because COP is negotiations between countries, right? How many of these cops will we have? How many thousands of companies will we need to see committing and delivering and facing out of fossil fuels before we get countries to actually sign that paper? On your question, I think young people can help us by doing research in very much in technology and AI and data, but really trying to tell us what is important to young people and therefore charts the pathway and what kind of innovations are required. I think that's really important. On COP, to be very honest, I give up on COP, right? I think it's a talk show. If anything, if I had a wish list, first of all, if you're going to make a commitment, make sure you're accountable. So on the loss and damage fund, for example, there has to be a measurement of accountability without which my wishes don't announce anything if you can't be held accountable. The second thing is I wish that we will end this nationally determinants, national determinants. That's the low hanging fruit. Anyone can just pick a number out of the air and say that that's a national determinant. There should be a standard formula based on science on what every country should be committing to, not what you think you should be committing to. That's number two. The third thing is I think that should be a major fine for any company that's greenwashing, greenhushing, ESG-hushing and ESG-washing. So I have three wishes for COP, even though I don't believe in COP. Thank you. Moaka, last word to you briefly on the two questions. Okay. From my perspective, the youth are the engine to growth from my country. The youth actually comprise more than 80% of the population. And so what we expect to see from the youth is innovation. They are challenged with various issues and key among them is jobs, lack of jobs. I think we'd like to see the youth look at themselves as the solution to the problem. What innovation or how does the youth actually become the solution to addressing that? Coming to COP 28, I think for me, the simple thing is pragmatism. I think what I'd like to see is decision, not commitment, because we have been committing. And for countries like Zambia coming from the developing world, commitments have not taken us anywhere. Any step close to net zero, to planetary boundaries, any step closer to actually achieving the sustainable development goals, to which I think many of our developing countries actually miles from achieving. So what I'd look forward to is to see decision that actually will make a change for our countries and actually at the global level, overly. So it's an issue of saying this is the issue, how to ensure that what will be your part to play, what will be my part to play that will actually benefit all of us. That's great. Well, with that, I should draw everything to a close. I'd like to thank all of our speakers and all of you for a really great conversation. Thank you very much.


A very good morning to you and thanks for joining us on the breakfast. This morning we'll be looking at so many very, very important issues. It's midweek's frenzy. My name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. The petroleum industry has always been bedeviled by a lot of problems, including shortages and price hike, but the independent petroleum market as an association of Nigeria has said that dengote refinery will address supply shortages and price hike. As the world prepares to celebrate a world menstrual hygiene day on the 28th of May, on the privileged Nigerian girls struggle as a topic for today we'll be looking at world menstrual hygiene day and how it affects the average Nigerian child. We'll also have headlines from the press and we're hoping to see what the headlines are today from the national dailies. Good morning once again and thanks for joining us on the breakfast and like I said my name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. It's so good to be here. I've been away for a little while but we thank God for small messes and right now we thank God especially for the traffic situation in Lagos, especially on the Lagos Ibadun Express way access and we're also happy that the construction that was going on around the corridor access is now done with and a lot of people are moving freely on the road. A lot of things just spiral into some of the things that we do not even like. The fact that the Lagos Ibadun Express way has been fixed for now at least it has been fixed because we know that a lot of people have even said that that access of the road has been a political campaign thing for a very very long time. So who knows if there's another campaign that is going to come up in four years whether that will also be an issue and something will be done on that access again and cause hardship for the people because every year every election circle we also we always hear about Lagos Ibadun Express where we do hope that the fixing this time around has always going to last for a very very long time and we don't have to go through all the pain that we've been going through and because of that traffic even as far as been in as far as already as far as so many other places was very good at least I traveled by road yesterday and it was so so surprising that we could get to where we got to at the time that we got to those places so we like that so much let it continue that way federal government state government local governments everybody who is supposed to be in charge should also make sure that they keep doing what they're supposed to do and make sure that we are the better for it because we are the people who put people in government so we should not suffer for the things that could be done very easily okay we also are hoping that a lot will be done as well to make sure that the water transportation within Lagos will be a thing of joy for all of us because it will be available for everybody that needs to access it and also the trains and the electric cars they are coming up so let us at least have access to all those things and let the congestion in Lagos go away we need that to go away so that we don't have to be coming so early to work when you have to resume at 8 o'clock you have to be here at 5 o'clock because you're trying to beat traffic I mean it will mean that the mental health of everybody will be tested because we need to sleep for so little time and then wake up so early come into the hustle and bustle that Lagos is known for and then go back in the same spirit and we have no time to rest at all so it's not really good maybe employers of labor should consider giving like three months leave for everybody who works in Lagos or something like that but we really do not know how this is going to end we do hope that the next administration that is coming up even though like for the case of Lagos he is handing over to himself and that is I'm talking about so we do hope that the things that were planned for the last tenor that were not completed will be completed now and the innovations that will come for this in this tenor will be something that will be very very happy about the themes agenda according to this government has at its fore transportation let us begin to see these translated into action and not just on paper and what we hope to achieve dreams sometimes should come to reality and that is what we're looking for okay so today we'll be looking at a lot of things but we already know that some of the things that are happening we are going to discuss the refinery that dangote has built and it has been launched okay before then this second Niger bridge has been launched as well what is the name I'm going to use inauguration or whatever the president opened it officially yesterday well I was passing through that axis I didn't see much activities like something that the president has come to inaugurate or to open and all that we understand that he did it virtually and one quarter of the bridge the first Niger bridge now that we will know it as first Niger bridge the other one may be known by like by the name of president Buhari bridge I don't know because the eastern governors have decided to name that after the president Muhammad Buhari how they're going to coin that is matter for another day the name they have already given me not be how they are going to put it but definitely they have accepted or they have decided to name it to name it president Muhammad Buhari bridge or any other name that will be related to Buhari for that but there was no activity on that bridge and all I saw on that stretch of that very beautiful bridge was one truck I think it was a tanker I don't know if it was going to load the vehicles of the workers or something but it's the only thing that I saw on that road for as long as I was on the first Niger bridge and that first Niger bridge still had some traffic jam at least in the quarter of that bridge towards Asaba when you're coming from Onitsha and you're going to Asaba the quarter of that bridge was was jammed and nobody could move for a period of time but at least it was better than some of the times before the second Niger bridge and then I saw the the signposts going into the second Niger bridge and where I saw was Oweri and another place that was not necessarily Onitsha so I don't know how that road was made if after passing the second Niger bridge and you're going towards where should have been Onitsha if the road just goes straight to Oweri or how that navigation is going to be done but we do hope that it grants access to Onitsha grants access to so many other places that people might want to commute because if it's not coming into Onitsha and is going somewhere else it will be I've not been on that road so I'm just I'm just saying things without having first time knowledge but if it's not going into Onitsha that means people who are going to Onitsha may have to use the bridge they've always used and that will mean that the congestion will continue on the first Niger bridge as it is but I we thank the administration of President Mohammed Buhari if they didn't achieve anything else at least for the people who commute through that axis it is a very very welcome development skew those to them and the next administration to do more to open up areas and to make congestion a thing of the past on our road so it's a very commendable project that was done very beautiful legacy project that was done or has been done by the Mohammed Buhari administration today we have like five days or six days to the end of this administration in fact 29th of May we're going to have a new president whether he's going to stay for the full four years tenor is another case because we've heard that a lot of things from the tribunals are coming up and we do not know if this will be the first president that will be relieved of his job or he will win the cases against him in the tribunal and continue for the next four years whatever it is Nigerians just want good governance and we want things done rightly so if the election was not done rightly we hope that things will be corrected and we know what it is if it was done rightly we hope that the right person wins and continues to win and administers this state that we call Nigeria Nigeria is our own some of us don't have two passports we have just this one and we're hoping to travel the world but still come back to Nigeria because we love Nigeria so much so whoever is super intending over their face of Nigeria will have to do better than just being a president well Dangote refinery has come up we are we are worried not just that okay we have a refinery that we are hoping will have jobs created for Nigerians let's say 100,000 jobs i'm sure it will be more than that 100,000 core jobs and there are others that will be tied to that we're hoping that will be but we're also worried about the fact that if a papa is giving us problems like this for so many years will Dangote meals not pose another problem another papa problem on the axis of the aquare road there was no special road created because a refinery was coming so the trucks that will be coming to that area will also be using the roads that we have been using and already I experience experiencing traffic jam if you go to the axis of Legos you will see that sometimes you may need to sleep on the road almost or you spend so many hours on the road because the the congestion is always so much now that the Dangote refinery has come up are we going to see even worse situation than that because if anything more than this what is happening right now will mean that so many people have will have to relocate or will lose their jobs because they cannot get to the offices on time or they cannot get home on time and all that so I hope that as we rejoice that Dangote Dangote refinery has come up we will also have cost to rejoice that they are also going to be roads that will be open especially because this has come whether they're the big roads on the land or they're going to be train railways or opens to that point or there's going to be water transportation that will take people to and through that place well whatever is going to happen let there be more roads for the people let not all of us use the same road as we're using right now because it's bad as it is and we don't want it to be worse well a lot of people have said that the fuel will come down and that they the the shortages will no longer be there we like that that's very good let's hope that that happens let's also hope that the federal government was not just waiting for an individual to do this so that they put their arms where they shouldn't be just fold their arms and look and say okay this person has done this I hope that they are going to open up that industry or that section of our economy for more people to invest in it and also make sure that the government refineries are put in place so that they can they can be competition because if there's no competition then it means that whatever dangote decides that's what the Nigerian populace will take we'll also have the story about Cheyenne Cootie Cheyenne Cootie the Afrobeat musician has been released on bail he has met all his bail conditions so now he has been released before the release a lot of people or some people went to to protest and they were talking about they were they were shouting words like free Cheyenne free Cheyenne Cootie and so many other things that they were talking about they wanted Cheyenne to be freed and that's the clip right there you you're watching how people were protesting and calling for the release of Cheyenne okay so having met his bail conditions he's been released and I think today he's going to go back to the courts so that the the hearing will continue and whatever is going to be decided will bring you the information later on in the course of the broadcast for today maybe in our news or in any other program maybe on t-time which is an entertainment program or the major news or any other program on plus tv but be sure that we are going to put our ears to the ground and make sure whatever happens in that case you will be the first to hear if possible then pito b and labor party to present joint petition in three weeks a lot of things will happen on the 30th of may that is a day after the inauguration a day after swearing in of the president-elect whose election is being contested right now but in three weeks we're hoping that a lot of things will be done pito b had asked for seven weeks a time which he wanted to use to bring all his petitions against tinu bu to the front to explain them to to to produce his evidences and all that but now it's three weeks that has been given to them we do hope that a lot can be achieved in these three weeks we've always been crying in nigeria now we do not like a situation where cases keep dragging and dragging and dragging until sometimes we never hear the last of it until whoever is involved gets away with anything that he is being accused of for instance now we still have a case against the frontliners for the senate presidency goswila pabyo has a case with this e of cc and they are in the courts we have yari yari also has a case with the e of cc and they are in the courts we even have someone who normally for laymen like us will think he's an ex-convict not even an ex-convict because the former governor of abia state was in jail but was released on technicalities not that whatever he was accused of he was now free of the charges and all that but because of technicalities of filing the cases he was set free and he's now in the in the senate angling for the position of the senate president and we do not know how that is going to happen and so his case will continue like that while he sits in the president's and make a senate while he sits in the senate and makes laws for the rest of nigerians and maybe after his tenure if he's found guilty again or the filing of the case is done properly and he goes back to jail he has used four years to make laws for the rest of us to obey because we should be law-abiding citizens so if trials if cases in court and everything were done swiftly and and in a way that is transparent enough and whoever needs to go to jail goes to jail whoever needs to stay back stays back then we'll know that a lot of things will not come up we would not be talking about the odd use of colors of this world or we'll not be talking about the apabios of this world and all that in fact we hear one of the things that apabio has said when he talked about apabio yeah not apabio apabio is a local government in cross-eval state apabio uh gospel apabio has said is that he should not be judged if he's is contesting for the senate president he should not be judged by what happened uh during his time as the niger delta the man in charge of the niger delta affairs the the minister in charge of niger delta he should be judged for he's about 30 years of being a lawyer he should be judged in his years as a governor he should be judged in so many other things but not being a minister of the niger delta affairs and i was asking myself niger delta affairs that's that was like one of the most recent portfolios you have held is it that we should judge you on things that you have done a long time ago or the things that you have done now because they say the now is what you are not before we can't live on past glory but that's not for me to judge i'm not a senator i'm not choosing i'm not even part of the apc to say okay we have a consensus in apabio and all that but i'm in niger and always concerned if you failed in one thing which is very recent how we show the thing that we're going to entrust into your hands tomorrow you're going to do well i'm just asking question i said layman i don't know what that is but well let's see how it goes whether the senators will elect their own principal officers or they will elect will let external influences be what will determine who rules them who who superintendents over the senate and who leads them as they make laws for the rest of us in nigeria to obey presidential tribunal measures at tiku pito b apm petitions against tinobu fixes may 30 for hearing i've mentioned that before that may 30 a lot of things are going to happen hearing will be on may 30 a day after the inauguration of the president elect so the petitions of at tiku and you know possibly by extension the pdp pito b and by extension the labor party apm and its contestants and all that they have been made as one so that's what it means so they will all cry out as one voice against what the field was and injustice was something that was not supposed to ever happen but let's see how it goes the world is watching we are watching the nigerian people are watching to see what is going to happen we do hope that justice will not only be done but be seen as being done that is what we always say all the time when we are talking but right now we'll take a short break look at the weather and then when we return we'll look at the headlines and we'll have someone who will help us dissect what we see on the headlines this morning stay with us


Hi, Mario here. First I want to thank my patrons for making my work possible. Welcome to my new video about ancient civilizations and the subject of the expanding earth. This video is divided into three different levels of difficulty for the different levels of patronage. In the first level of chapter I explain the basics of our most recent insights as to how catastrophic expansion relates to ancient civilizations, crustal deformations and the subsequent catastrophes. This is the main reason why ancient structures in the Americas are oriented the way they are namely to ancient geographic poles. And we have succeeded in dating the major structures of these lost civilizations. Our timeframes are surprisingly different from the official timeframes handed down by the academia. To give you an idea, our research has demonstrated six timeframes of ancient civilizations covering more than 400,000 years. Pyramids of Giza, for example, are a magnificent achievement for the most recent lost civilization. We estimate these structures to be approximately 15,000 years old. Why the civilization disappeared is a whole other topic that we have covered extensively in other videos, the ones dealing with the so-called UGAS. Now let's deal with the main topic of this video. To give profound answers to the question, why did the Mayans and Aztecs have a 260-day calendar? However, did you know that the Incas used a 320-day calendar? And why did Romulus, the founder of Ancient Rome, use a year of 304 days? Is it possible that the years were shorter during ancient times? Because the Earth was perhaps smaller and it probably rotated faster around its axis and had a faster helical orbit around the Sun. This is a stunning idea that leads to astounding insights. Yes, we think that this is the correct answer because we think that the expanding Earth is much younger than we initially thought. The expansion events of the Earth were very catastrophic to ancient civilizations that were already living on the surface of the Earth. Over the years of our research, we found many clues to how old the expanding Earth is in reality. Why are other expansionists that wrong in their assumed time frames of tens of millions of years because they use wrong data? You cannot use the data of the academia who deny expansions for dating purposes. This is probably difficult to understand. We will cover this in future videos. So this data is by definition wrong. With the ancient calendar system of the Mayans, supported by our profoundly different dating methods of ancient structures, we have been able to find better answers regarding the true time frames of the expanding Earth. We have been contemplating the following possibility. Geology insists to stretch their time frame of geological changes of tens of millions of years, but archaeology compresses the time frame of human history into a mere few thousand years. There is huge gap here and we think that this gap of reasoning hides an enormous secret and as yet unsolved mystery. This mysterious reasoning gap between 10,000 years and about 1 million years has seemingly nothing in between except some monkey-like creatures walking in bare skins that they call Neanderthals. We think that our true history has been distorted and cloaked by the strange difference in timelines of geology and archaeology. Both disciplines secretly believe that they are doing great scientific work at the best level they can, but we think they are deluding themselves by following a false path of reasoning. If you extend the archaeological timeline and compress the geological timeline, a magnificent truth starts to reveal itself. We think that there is a hidden timeline in the middle. The scientists who live in two different thought biospheres of discrepancy are unaware of what they have done, but is this necessary to hide our true origin from us? The majority of people who have put their whole belief system into the hands of science are indoctrinated with a false belief system. Do we have to merge these two time frames to find the ultimate truth? Yes, I think we have to and we have found proof for this hypothesis on multiple levels. Are these two meaningless science timelines between brackets deliberately presented to hide the truth about our overlords, the so-called Anunnaki, to hide our true ancestry as best as possible? Yes, I think that this is also the case. This knowledge is very important to better understand our true ancient history and to understand who and what we are, namely divine beings with divine capacities. We also think part of our divine capacities come from Earth's original inhabitants, such as the Neanderthals, a species whose DNA still runs in our blood. They are not the beasts as depicted by science. No, they seem to have been the divine superior beings that originally lived on Earth. The Anunnaki, the beings from the sky, created a hybrid species from their own DNA and mixed it with that of the Neanderthals and maybe some other species as well. I think the part that ultimately resists oppression is the DNA of the Neanderthals. The Neanderthals did not become extinct by themselves, they were eliminated by the Anunnaki to cut us off as much as possible from our original ancestry. Manipulation, especially by mind control, is the main goal. This is a serious possibility that we have been pondering and we have found more astounding clues, namely the truth behind the 260 days Mayan calendar. Historians in Wikipedia vaguely explain this calendar as something for definition purposes to foretell lucky and unlucky days.  Again, typical illogical explanation by historians that springs directly from their weird imagination. It is easy to say that they were sort of sacred calendar system without proposing any further explanation. Case closed. Period. We try to look at this question from several perspectives and we have found several possible answers. The rotation of the Earth and the orbit of the Earth around the Sun comply with the law of conservation of energy. By extension, if the Earth was smaller in diameter, it had less gravity and spun faster around its axis. And also means that the Earth orbited faster around the Sun. The fact that not one but all ancient civilizations used shorter calendars should ring all bells of logic because it shows a pattern, a consistent pattern of years getting longer when ancient civilizations get younger. This observation supports our hypothesis in such a way that the probability that this is factual exceeds 99.5 percent was Romulus' calendar of 304 days, still a heritage of ancient knowledge which he ignorantly reused. Or is it a fact today's Earth rotated slower in his days? Maybe we don't know the answer to this question, to this specific question. We have proven with our analytical method that most of the megalithic ancient monuments were constructed hundreds of thousands of years ago. What separates us from our very ancient ancestors is not only an ocean of time, but also a series of massive, long-lasting cataclysms. Our collective ancient memories are buried in a mist of time. Many of the megalithic leftovers from ancient civilizations hint at a high level of sophistication. These cultures thrived on our planet before massive, ravaging cataclysms threw them back into one of the many stone ages. Our deeper explanations of these questions are shared on a higher level of patronage, mainly because of the difficulty of the matter and the time it takes to work on the models. I hope you enjoyed this video so far and if you have questions, please let me know. Thank you for watching!


Snash drunk. Hi everyone. Sorry to clog up your YouTube subscription feed, but just some things I wanted to go over real quick address some things I see mentioned in comments And ask some questions of you myself So let's get started When I use the word hype it addresses one of two different things One is obvious It's why the hype for Something that's been talked about as a classic for a million years like Super Mario World Super Metroid link to the past Chrono Trigger That's category of stuff the other way I use the hype like when I say why the hype for Demons crest or why the hype for? Dracula at Casolini Dracula acts it's because they're price tags On eBay are absurd. They're like 120 130 bucks more than that probably So that's what I'm getting at when I say why the hype why are these games so freakin expensive and that's not getting into the whole like rarity or like, you know the The physical aspect of like the cartridge being rare or not or whatever the case may be I'm talking about like is it Like obviously no game is worth that price, especially we we can get it on and you know emulators are on the virtual console or or you know, wherever but Excuse me. It's just it's just addressing the fact that like why is this game if you're just like looking at games And you see that for the price of that like what's the deal with that game? So that's just to answer that question. What's the deal? Why is it? It's just my take on it.  I know and and I know it's Saken Densetsu 3 instead of psych and whatever just I get people sometimes that are like, you know I that that say I This channel really caught me by surprise because it's it's it's a lucid a person like giving Commentary to stuff that makes sense once in a while and it's I never would have guessed that from your name and your intro and all that That you should change it. It's no not changing it. This is what I am. This is who I am. It's gonna stay that way Also wanted to take a quick second to address some other YouTube channels that are within the retro gaming universe The first one is H.C. Bailey. He's already very popular, but he does amazingly thorough Walkthroughs on some old-school JRPGs Everything from Breath of Fire to Lufia Lufia 2 Chrono Trigger the DS release of Chrono Trigger with all the bonus stuff Pretty much every Final Fantasy game you can think of is he is a tremendous resource for information I always like when I play along with the game I like to watch his stuff along with because I know I'll miss something that he has covered So he's a very valuable resource in that regard. There's also game versus game speaking of valuable resources I learned something new every time I see a game versus game episode You just recently did one about Aladdin. There's Aladdin Doing a thorough comparison of Aladdin for Genesis Aladdin for Super Nintendo and Aladdin for second master system I didn't even know that game existed. So very cool stuff there There's also Atlas Vids, which is kind of a neat thing that Takes certain levels of certain Video games older video games takes them at a completely different perspective zooms them way out So you can see kind of the design It just it just gives you a whole different perspective on video games of the era It allows you to see some things in a much wider scope. It's really kind of it's kind of a novelty But it's it's really well done a lot of interesting stuff there at Atlas Vids. There's also a BnB guitar one of my favorite Cover artists I guess for the 16 bit era games NES games Super Nintendo games just a lot of kick-ass stuff really love his cover of the third track I think it's track three for top gear I'm Really well done a lot of a lot of really if you like I grew up a metal kid So I like all that metal stuff So and he does a really nice job with that and last but not least there's a retro game on and I really like that channel Because he does games that I never would have I've never heard of that. I never would have thought to have played And he really does a nice job presenting them in a way that makes me want to go check them out You know like it's it's I like his approach. I like his his I like the cut of his jib so it's a that's Check that out too. It's a lot of racing games on that channel too Which I really like racing games everything from Mario Kart top gear that kind of stuff But I haven't heard of like 90% of the racing games that he covers on his channel. So Check him out retro game on now a question that I wanted to throw out to you is I Meet my girlfriend and I both really love to play Super ghouls and ghosts and we wanted to do like a let's play Serious kind of a thing, but I know the traditional method for producing let's play videos is one every day until You know we get as far as we can or we finish the game I'm not too fond of that because I don't want to clog up the channel with that. So I was wondering Would it be too awkward if I just put one 15 minute or one 20 minute video like every Friday or every Monday or something like that? Or would that be too weird to like have to wait an entire week to see the continuation? Not that it would matter after you get the whole thing up and you know then there'd just be a playlist and zoom right through the whole thing, but in the meantime following it in real time It would be it might be kind of weird for some people to like have to wait that long Or would it be better to just put the whole thing up as it's as it's done? So let me know what you think about that and last but not least Look for the Super Famicom RPG part 2 video the last week of October The games I'll be covering are Liv-a-Liv Treasure of the Rudros or Rudro-no-bio Chaos seed, which is a very surprisingly dense game. I think you really like it Mystic Arc, which may or may not be sequel to 7th Saga Alcahast Gunmen's Proof and some of the games in the East series 4 and 5 in particular. So look out for those or for that video. I should say Thanks for watching as usual. Sorry for wasting your time You can go back to watching Game Grumps or whatever more entertaining stuff that you'd like to watch Or even better check out the videos that I just listed check out the channels I just listed or rather go check them out right now. They're worth it And as always, thanks for watching and I hope you have a great rest of your day


You're going to start the meet-up game. Hey, welcome back to the School of Cascades. It's Challenge Tuesday, number... 46, it's 46 already. Before, Tim is excited. He was excited because one person subscribed last week. Now, we want you to click subscribe so that you can get all of our challenges and all the new content, Q&As, tutorials that are coming up on this YouTube channel. So, Challenge Tuesday, 46, Tim. We're going to go for the pipe push-up slider, so we're going to do a little bit of a competition on this one again. I am currently running 1-0 and week two, quite. I think, Jaco... I actually don't fancy my chance on this. So, maximum reps, you can do in 30 seconds, a bit of speed, but this needs to be done properly. We don't want any half reps, so you need to get into as high a pipe position as possible. Shall I demonstrate? Yeah, this is going to be tough. So, Tim, that's the demonstrate one. You're going to take off those sweet new kicks. Ideally, artistic points again will be provided for high socks. You're going to need socks because you need feet slid on this and the high-polymer socks will provide you with some artistic additional points for me. In the nuts. Right, you can talk. Yeah, so, Tim's going to go down, do his push-up, and as he comes back up, he's going to slide his feet in towards his hands and stick his bum up in the air. Oh, that is nice. Save, save a bit. We're not timing these yet, Tim. Okay? It's that bit with the hamstrings, guys, that you want to see. We want to see you get as high as you can. If you haven't got a good, very good hamstring range of movement, that might be a bit difficult, but make sure you're trying to make effort to get to that top-end range of the movement. Yeah. So, who's going to go first? You this time. All right, sweet kicks off. We're rolling. Sweet kicks off. Any business? It's like in Rocky, when it's not Rocky, yeah. What was over the top? With that arm resting on me, it turns to that back. Right. 30 seconds. Ready? Well, you don't have to pace myself. Three, two, one. Go. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Halfway, Jack. Go, 10. Come on, 12. 14. That's five. Oh. I got 19. Ooh. Nah, you'll beat me on that. Tim's good at pushing. Right, hold up. Three, two, one, go. Oh, early start. One, two, three, four, chest down, Tim. Five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Stop. 20. What did you get? 19. Oh. Thank you. Viewers. Was his chest going, was his chest going, was his chest going down? All right, two nails, two. Okay. Well done. Right. So, for the grades, check the description below. Send us in and tag us in on your videos so we can give you your grades. We look forward to seeing those. In the meantime, please click subscribe by Tim Zed. If you haven't got our free beginners guide yet, that's down there. We'd love to give you that pretty free e-book with video tutorials, a matter of breath. And then finally, if you missed last week's challenge, Tuesday, number 45, it's just up there for you. See you next time. See you. Class is missed.