Bad boss talk one-on-one Gotta go down. Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna talk.  We believe it. It's a unique Name another podcast like this we're gonna bring it to the table boss talk check it check it check it It's unique house. It's your boy ECO and I'm here with a lovely amazing official miss Jamaica. What's going on? 90 number dad walk on man Hold up man. Wait a minute man. Wait a minute man. This cat right here, man.  We dropped a few songs man. It's confused this week, man. They like man Start coming out the woodwork. I'm like this been working Just a different platform man, you know, they just now waking up Johnson in the in the building man What's going on a whole lot of man you for coming back man cuz it was so live man I wanted to bring you back on the show love what you doing, man Had a chance to research a little deeper.  I how did you like the way I put to it put them? Clips Yeah, man, I just I mean I just put a lot into it because you you know I know already that you got to paint the picture because you already got the talent You know what I'm saying? Well, you need to be in these situations and positions if we're not gonna do what we supposed to do to go the Extra mile for these artists just sitting in the seat. Yes. I really appreciate that. No, man Thank you too for that song again.  Lee too Yesterday Yeah, he wanted he want to rock with you. I'm ready. You already know it just let's go ahead and get it Yeah, yeah, I think I see him on His last one was like what what? No, Megan the stallion tape Megan the stallion. Yeah Yeah, but he did something with Drake after that. Yeah, he didn't want Drake, too He was on Drake's Silly go in But it's an honor and a pleasure to even work with mr. Lee when he come down to what he do, you know, I'm saying, right?   So I'm like man.  I'm saying for everybody in the room.  I better be he gonna be famous watch this watch this he kept saying along his death bed No, I didn't believe it though And for those who don't know how you're related to mark even know that the connection between you and see strong Tell us how you related to him His mama Joe birdie, you know saying that's our people. So, you know, we locked in on that, you know saying and then Like his brother is really my cousin. Okay, you know, I'm saying so there's one day, you know, I'm saying Delahoya. So so We just always caught on could deal. Okay, you know, I'm saying so Coming up. We would always see see strews out here rapping. I would always see him doing this thing And I would like be like man, I could do that too, you know, I feel like I can do it because I was always singing You know saying so you said I could deal could deal had a surrounding to the run, you know, the mama people's And you do the song with him before he passed away, what's the name of song made me I did it like bro That song right there. I had to get the screws one time Like wait, I came to him for like me and keep up. I'm whole around DJ on the song So I didn't know how to rap really But like nobody would give me a chance to like rap they were like, hey, bro, come sing on my track Come give me a hug.  You know, they just yeah Yeah, I'll be like man. Let me get a very nice. You can you can do some rows in the background So, yeah, I was showing him the song I was showing the song and then He was like me you sound like the South Twins You know I'm saying I still remember the day he was like running go grab them Links at the fridge right after out the pot because they did a whole pot of links. I'm like Danny made a whole pot of links I didn't get money. He was there with me. You'll see. All right So I showed him the song and he said the South Twins may get on this.  It was a laughing and then I was a man I'm make something else Then I came back with the singing rap like made came back with the singing rap that made me when I showed him that he was like Now this is what we're gonna do he said now I just can't get it on for free But you give me fifty dollars for the verse and fifty dollars for the video and then we can we can make some shake So I would always come in but I hear you go five on the on the on the verse I go pick up, you know, you know grabbing a little 20 and be like here go a little five extra, you know For the bridge So it was like that was all the beginning. No, but those were why not hustle days with the CDs? Yeah, it was only first just started. I remember whenever the spot guy here in When the fear with the feds hit the brands and that's what shows like if I'm doing Don't this year for go straight music and I'm like, man, I can't get a little three five now, man I What did I do for you when when you saw him just go a hundred percent straight in it Maybe you want to go and then that's when I wind up meeting up with a couple people from Dallas that had their own studio You know I'm saying then that's when I started doing my own thing Then I started getting on shows with strokes on the same show So I would I could easily just took the clone free rap, right? But I took you know saying I went my own way But the end of him getting like see he was like if I need to come to studio and I got these hooks Just like if you I tell you so it just went all the way back around now if I'm doing verses again to people I don't come do a hook when when Rick Ross got on that song with him. Did you remember that man? Like it was yesterday. I was there. I Would have those on the biggest thing in this like no cap Yeah, that was the biggest thing in it. I showed everybody Yeah, like my Kim foe got a song with Rick Ross man.  They never you know, that's live though Yeah, that's all that's live man. So I know you got to feature with boozy. Who else who else would you like to work with? Shit, I'm trying to get that the rest. Oh, that's coming. That'll be nice. That's my boy, right? Yeah, yeah, that's my boy right there.  Yes, man I Already got the t-rail at the way. I got a whole EP. We can't I t-rail. That's my boy EP with cab G cab G Yeah, I ain't done that one cab G you he good people my boy. He had a college part Okay, okay, so he put it on for the Latinos. Okay. Okay, so Go ahead. Out of all the songs you've done that has a feature on them. Which one your crowd gravitated to the most It's I didn't feature with a dude in Milford Really? Yeah, and they love that one the most. No, we ain't even drop the year.  You know everybody waiting on booze to drop Okay, everybody waiting on booze to drop then everybody watch you gonna see like I'm up You got about 30 features is back to back to back. Yeah, they wait on their booze to drop wait on boo Mm-hmm. I got a couple people trying to drop it now, but you know It ain't gonna have as much traction so they're waiting on that one first. Yeah, so they do you smart that makes it It makes it more. Yeah, so last time we was here. We talked a little bit about family Yeah, I remember just did you you asked about the mom and the dad Let's get into Where you were raised and how you were raised because I know you were raised down there But did you say you were raised with I was raising my mama with your mama But you say your daddy wasn't in the picture at the time daddy.  Mm-hmm. You know I'm saying then like Say, you know the streets catch up to you, right? No, I'm saying so she's called up tomorrow.  Mm-hmm.  Yeah, you lose everything. Yeah, you get locked up Yeah, then he got locked up about six years. Wow, so it was like streets caught up to him How did that how did that make you feel when he kept getting locked up? Did you even think about it because you y'all when you were you I was like 1716 so you were you're Which I had built a relationship before that he was already in the streets.  You know when he was always gone. Did you understand what he had to do at that time? Or did you you were like, man, he never here You want it in here? Yeah, I put me out of the spot. Yeah It was just a whole lot of family issues to where it made a nigga who I am.    So they were making jokes and playing games with it Yeah, I wouldn't I wouldn't always this bump into us and I was outcast.  Yeah, but you haven't been discovered You didn't really think about it. Yeah, nothing about streets Not like that until my mama put me in I was 16 See mama sheltered you from the streets for a while and then she had no choice Right, cuz she had wind up getting the same She Jones got disabled. We was getting ready to get put out.   I said if I was a female I would have Had to see a cool. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah Mama would have been like, hey, I need you to go see that.  She was in college.  It's just it's something because through all of that You got a testimony. Yeah, and now I'm looking at this. Okay from Yeah, yeah, you got a testimony man. Yeah, you know even though I know I know with with your father's health health issues with your mother's disability You had to get it out the mud out the mud and and and one thing I'm talking about Sophomore year really woke me up my mama. Thanks. Give my mama got the You know, she was having the season. Wow. That's why I was wondering how did she become disabled her job?  Yeah. Yeah bags.  She got paid at the end of the day. You know what I'm saying But you know them first two three years while it's going through the court Yeah, yeah The job because especially if all that injury comes through the job the job Job job supposed to get it. That's what I'm saying. She got sick my sophomore year Right, so they paid all the way up to them number junior. So by the time junior come now. It's like What I'm going we ain't got nothing coming in they they are temporary disability stuff They know I didn't quit that out the way.  So even like you gotta get money I keep saying anything because you can like Fred Rico was a mean a mess can drive the nigga love me Everybody used to be mean to hate everybody else. I always love me. Wow, you know I'm saying so I was Number one boom boom all the time trash then I went to another company had a name of Charles We was playing basketball. We was partners partners. You know I'm saying he's my driver with him two years And I went to Eddie Roach over there for about a year Some of them trash trucks be jamming though because they be coming through and I be hearing that music be bumping and they'd be just I used to have it on the back we put our speakers on the back Right, we have our speakers on the back and I used to just sit there and put beats on and then go in No, I'm saying rapping just doing stuff like that. Just like man Acting like I'm performing on shows. Right.  I'm one of them. I'm a Virgo. It's just gonna take a lot to make me feel But when I do it's like dang You know, but as far as making my money, it was like I'm gonna get that dollar. Yeah, I know how to get it regardless Okay, and you know what when I think about the things that you saying about your dad The only thing I can think of because like for me, I don't have my dad and I have my mom And my mom just actually turned 76 yesterday. So it to me. It's like I tried to Treasure every moment do things with that person because no matter what tomorrow is not promised whether you're healthy or not I was just my pops on Sunday playing man at the house Wow, it up over the game. Yeah, you gotta build memories. Do you feel how do you feel you love when I'm over? I brought my son over.  How does he son? One and then I got one on the way see well for him He ain't gonna remember but whenever he around him, let me tell you take a lot of videos take a lot of pictures Oh, yeah, remember so he can remember because that's one thing I wish I did with more my son I did that a lot with my daughter because the first child you gonna always take for females We take a whole bunch of pictures of the second and third one is not so much But you got to because I wish I had more videos because back then we didn't I didn't do videos I didn't have my own phone when I was a kid. You know what I mean? I have some pictures of my dad, but I don't have a lot of us together You know what I mean and a video so I don't have anything I can hear his voice And I think that's more important than anything else.  Yeah, but okay, so you're taking you taking places and do stuff with him He got to lift his spirit up because it can be warring him. Oh, he is like not like that But I'm just saying he can't leave his dough. Oh, okay Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, my daddy's 55 still I hear you need three physical you hit him up Mm-hmm. You sell my zip or whatever confident We'll talk No, I think man That family is something else man for you to hold him down man No matter what says a lot about who you are, you know what I mean and and and God is real no matter what situation And with me and things may be seeming impossible with God all things are possible and I really believe it So I only need to play with it I don't play with nothing far as what I asked because he can give you more than what you can ask even think and I know that Because I don't play I don't play about a kind of lower Please give me this cuz he'll make you go through something. That's right. Yeah, but it's real. I'll play with it That's real. That's real. Just take a while.  You know what I'm saying? You never know. I ain't even never heard the beat I know my boy mad Max sent him to me and he real hard on these beats. I'm just trying to see what he's saying No, no, you ain't no free style. It's just some Just so I'm gonna just show I'm gonna show him some love, you know, I'm saying just just trying to listen to what he got What if it ain't banging huh? I Ain't even hearing it.  Yeah, some people they got this thing and they don't see my vision Hey, I started in the troubles in that kitchen.  Yeah, we're about my baby in driving my Mercedes Yeah, I've been moving on this work like it's the 80s. I don't know why niggas hate me So what can you come say me? Hey Man I've been missing granny gravy wait on my shoulder Life I live it got cold Hey, I'm living it.  They told you Yeah, yeah, bring that back man. Let's go man Bobby Johnson in the building man.  Yeah, some people ain't got this thing and they don't see my vision Hey, I started in the trappers in that kitchen I'm playing with the midges knew I would get the riches It's been crazy In driving my Mercedes. Yeah, I've been moving on this work like it's the 80s I don't know why niggas hate me. So look at you. Come save me.  I'm too tired. That's it to the cold Gotta go with the flow. I was robbing it kicking in doors. I'm in with them I try not to lose because you say you won't be but you never won't smoke You say you won't be but you never won't problems. You just try to set up and apologize walking the club We poppin' them bottles. We ain't chasing on Instagram models Man Man, I enjoy that music man, you know, man It's just it's something when you know that the truth is in the booth, right? You know a lot of times a nigga be coming in and we don't see a lot of people come on this stage man setting that seat man And you wanted you different bro. Like I said, you got to just keep pushing man and keep pulling a man to me It's coming man. I know it in a mode man. I already know man I'm telling you man. It just it got to be in you. You know what I'm saying? I got a song called gangster music on the way They gonna love this and then I just remixed that Joe Man, I'll try and get that out of you. I can't wait to hear that You know T-Rail brought us through that Which one did you remix? You went in on it up You went in on it up And I like to know I like to know if you don't keep it real Have a burn and nobody can break the seal That's real No, no, we probably gonna drop it with the tape after this boosty shit I'm not for show you my dropping next as a single but I probably really got this whole plan with cap G to drop next Did you reach out to Joe? So he's heard it. I just made it a couple days ago I'm gonna preach with her rain and my team Okay, we got we got to reach out to Joe man.    That's uh Sell to the ceiling. Then I got the video boosted coming up. Mm-hmm. Definitely I ain't gonna let nobody know what song here on but you know that song boost coming out If you want to know what song y'all look on my page, you know saying sorry song boo Then I saw T-Rail.  Yeah, that's my nigga It's gonna be really time to drop that tape.  It's cool. Okay. What's another one of them gospel song man. Give me one I know you got another God is able God is able God is able Oh He won't tell me who can make a mountain From a little tree To me who can make a river From a little stream Man, let me tell you I It's so weird like for me personally like I love R&B I listen to some people on rap But and I listen to gospel, but it's something like When you're going through and even not when you're going through it's like just listen to gospel It makes you feel so good every day Like I'll be cleaning my house Only certain type of gospel because it has to be upbeat. Yeah, yeah like Kirk Franklin I love Kirk Frank Franklin because all of his songs are upbeat to me. She'd be working. She'd be cleaning up or something I can hear that gospel. I know she happy. That's how it matters. That's how it matters It makes you feel good You can't be in love man. No, who does that? I'm already like smoking O.E. when I listen to gospel. I'm like man, put this out real quick. Play this on the radio. Man, you definitely man. And do it. They keep you in line. I promise you. Yeah, I'll put it out real quick. Who else would you be who would you like to get on the track, you know rap wise? And I say rap because we know the pain thing we already know that but like Kevin Gates Kevin Gates would be dope Yeah, you're a baby. See already together. I've got a distinct sound.   Yeah, you got to get up there man. I gotta get up there We gotta get up there. You might as well go together. Just hang out with it Just go see what it is. Yeah, somebody reached out to you because they wanted you on their gospel song. Would you do it? Of course I like that about you Because you know how people live let me tell you something judging God don't put people in a box people put people in a box You understand what I'm saying God love you just like he meets you where you at I've never seen a situation where he didn't meet a person what it was at It don't matter if they was in the drug house strip joint didn't matter man You had you had Rahab as I mentioned the other night that was in the lineage She was a harlot and she was in line is to bring You know Jesus do if you believe like me some people they don't but that's fine But I'm just telling you it's always room at you look at different instances He didn't leave nobody out and he ain't funny with nobody. That's people that do that You know I'm saying so nobody care about what people think man. Do you bro? Do gospel do whatever you feel to do Yeah Because of people People who are hypocrites a lot people who judge you stuff out. Don't let that stop.  So exactly. That's real man He told me if I use I used to not use it, you know He'll take it. I used to be worse. Right. I couldn't sing for a minute. He's like, you know He first start smoking you like man. I ain't using it. I'm like man. I can't say no I'm losing my voice and I got back in choir Then she I want to be in the scholarship for that thing you see college for that.  I went to in the vero in the vero college first I want to be Murray University on a singing football in choir. Okay, so then I left there Because I you know just like I in the world you can't use too much. There's too much going on So then the vero was off me a choir scholarship closer than home So I was like man, I just go and take that and I just wouldn't take that and I'm over here singing in the choir But same time the plug I'm the choir boy, but I'm serving everybody, you know, right? So I wanted to get kicked out of college there wind up paying Financial aid right then I want to get another quiet scholarship. I hear college and I was singing over there for like two years Did you finish? I got a couple more hours. I have my associates.  Yeah, I went audition for them, too And they offered me a quiet scholarship, but my probation officer was like That's too far. Mm-hmm too far. You got to come back home. I'm like, man, what is I could do? And that's when you're gonna get your choir. So I was basically Tell everybody Scholarships Quiet scholarship the scholarship pay for all the class then I get the loans ahead of money You know what you who you remind me of when you say all of that Do you remember? I don't know you you young so you might not have a watch sister act Wait, what people burn?  When I was young I was great at acting bro. Yeah theater class they wanted me, but they was like you can't take theater inquire Yeah I was I was in I went to a white school. Oh In his high school. So they would let me do choir in theater in football Island yeah, whenever they letting people march on the band and football pass, but I can't you know I'm saying I couldn't do theater In choir.  That's what it was They want me this cuz I was the UIA representative for the choir In the whole EISD, you know, I'm saying Out schools come out they come see me sing solos man. I'll tell you special man. I told you that Nobody was this but you think that schools would have recorded it and we'll have had it under got it this 2015 They probably want to can you I wonder if you can get it like just to have so you could upload it like this is my early days That's good footage good content for you Yeah, that's what I'm saying. I needed them hope a lot like to have everybody crying and all that You know, how does how does that make you feel because that's what I love I love when somebody can sing and touch somebody soul. I'm gonna tell you when I sing Regular songs touching people is cool. But when I sing gospel songs and then I'll be seeing people jumping around and now That it's kind of different. It ain't like I'm It's because I don't want to look at there. I got a sign to the Lord. I'm looking at them. It's like No, I'm saying it's like Like why you doing that? Yeah, you're saying but at the same time, it's like like I Haven't seen you cussing and doing all of this and now you jumping around like you're saying so I would be like man But at the same time, he say you don't want him to judge you. That's like you judging that's why when I sing I see We do I The Bible say make a joyful But at the end of the day, you know, like I said, we all are working progress, man You know that like we all trying to figure this out.  You can be be king who's here last night. Everybody the same to me Everybody I don't care whoever on that wall. That's why I'm like I am it been a lot of people That's what matter of fact, then he said last night like man You just act the same way cuz I don't care. It's just who everybody the same man We all made in God's image to me. So we I love everybody, bro I used to be young and I was I did a lot of crazy stuff, man.   I'm gonna ask you to come back again, man Just come back and whenever you got a new project or anything man or anything you want to do Are you what you trying to do? I'm trying to do and I do baby see the same way. You know that, right? Yes, sir, like I just y'all good people man And it's some good good dudes that didn't come through here, man And I just thank God that I was able to be a part of what what you guys got going on You know what I'm saying? Yes, sir, and I know we got to top the artist last time Man, I know is there anything we left out. No, is there anything else you'd like To talk about Just be looking out for that Boosting remix that's coming out. I'm gonna tell y'all gonna see the name the fly's gonna be everywhere. Yeah, man Oh, you had to do it Say I do it in the middle Man check it man. Hey, man bumping man. All I all I can tell you is man man Keep on giving us that good sound man so we can continue to get down man We're gonna we gonna keep giving that real soul Music, you know I'm saying we ain't we ain't we ain't making pain music. Yeah, I'm saying yeah Because we we we get through the pain. You know saying just like gospel songs. They ain't for the pain For them happy times, you know saying put the be happy to that so I'm making Making music for all my people who ain't got to do what they had to do no more Yeah, yeah, yeah like all my people who stood in the streets like it's still a way out of it, you know I'm saying yeah, yeah, yeah, I like I realized it with the music You gotta show that because a lot of people are not showing that Yeah, real talk with this music. I finally realize like That's good when you can realize what you're calling is. Yeah, I gotta tell you last time I made over ten thousand dollars in August Just our music since September 6th. I can only go up. I ain't even gonna speak on September No, I'm saying but she this evening.  I see it now. Mm-hmm. So it went from me making 500 a verse to 750 a verse to a thousand dollars a verse To me going the shows free to now getting paid to be at the most. That's good. That's really like damn like I can only go it can only get better. Yeah, it's still be like people like I'll be like man. I know these people don't know my song, but they know me Mm-hmm. I'll be be knowing me and I'll still be like like not star-struck, but I'll be like I'm humble. So it's like I just make my music. I'm chilling. You see blow up and blow that's how I've been doing And it's how do you feel when when pow wow pow wow he shared your stuff, too Yeah, I see power man pow wow sure that man. I really appreciate that for real. You know, that's a legend in the game You know I'm saying the Greer game the rap game, you know pow wow baby Real-life legend. You know saying for real.  You know saying Yeah, I thought I uh, I said you see I put you out there I said I put you out there, you know, and that was that was when we left you that day I went straight and told him man. Buffy Johnson. Yeah, yeah, that's the one Yeah, that real pain.  Oh down here. I think me after me and the reds talked that next time I think he told me had a link to hancho Because I'm trying to get out. I want to get him on the show. Yeah. Yeah, you know my brain both of y'all up here Yeah, yeah, we read that down a lot of people don't you know, it's different the way I'm rolling with this man You know I'm saying I'm doing in a way where it makes sense You know everybody connected man the dots are connected and people Yeah, it's gonna be great. Yeah good. Yeah real genuine. Yeah. Yeah, we gotta do it. We gotta do it man You don't get one shot man this day gone.  It's one shot. It's over. It's the next day You got to take that one on strife a stride every day is a different day You won't get it back no more different in a different lots of like not lots of time, but a different Time consuming, you know, you don't get it back man Well, thank you for coming on the show man again. We should have done this time. Yes, sir I already man. We shut it down man. You I know you got a lot to do. I know you got things popping tonight So man, hey, we should we love you man. I'm gonna try to get a little drop from you man And man just like I said that singing man. You gotta keep that going man. I see you for baby Yeah, yeah, I did it baby too, but that was more like I was looking like I'm a single So it's like man when I start singing I can't change my way I'm like man Whenever you Had a couple of pounds they switch on the nigga I never just thought it would happen You know, I was solid.   I can't change my way I can't change my way. I never turn on my knees. No cap.  Oh You know that that's a real chance. We man Don't why I freeze that the whole song Wow You can't change your ways or you just won't change your ways I can't change like like say I made it as in like say If I ever say we locked in we locked in I can't change. I'm never gonna switch We might just not to operate every day, but my Relationship my love you still gonna be the same. I can't change I'm real nigga. That's real saying so that what I say on the song. I feel like I'm gonna be this nigga Boy you hit that I love that song man. That's a hit right there. I can't change my ways boy That's it right there man. Yeah, but y'all better tap in a bumper Johnson, man Get on get in early nigga. Yeah, get in early. Don't get in late. You're gonna have me. I'm Putting you on play whenever I'm cleaning the house I can't change for real.  Yeah, I'm saying I can't change my ways as in my You know Today you have nothing to the code exactly man. That's real man. Thank you so much by begin.  Bumpy jump Bumpy jump Bumpy Johnson stop it right through boss talk one-one Every time Bumpy Johnson gonna come through and bless our game over After projects And I'm prepared to get him up in here and we're gonna talk about it man Say man it's been another great same with a boss talk one-one. What up bosses talk and we out


All right, lady. What is this? Hey for the iSquare-T STEM a friend that I've been working on It's got this 240 by 240 screen and I thought maybe it could be really useful also as a serial port monitor So I wrote a little bit of auto-bod detection code So now if I connect this up to my GPS module You'll see it automatically detects at 9600 bod and it actually like Reads the data and displays up to the buffer with this nice scrolling The scrolling is harder than it seems I have to actually make a frame buffer for the entire display and then blit it out constantly so that like 20 frames per second But it's quite nice as a nice scrolling effect and it would be a great debugging tool For say a GPS or you know, maybe a raspberry pi this works as well with auto-bod detection It's kind of cool. So don't have to enter in the baud rate


So, let us continue with the tutorial. The question B is now again relates to dryness fraction and the problems associated with wet steam. For the following data, a process takes place from state 1 to state 2, alright. So, you got a state 1 defined, state 2 defined. Find the properties H, S, V and T at both these states from point 1 to point 2. What is also given is the initial state P1 that is the pressure is 6.5 bar. That means we have been given initial pressure as 6.5 bar and also corresponding to that if you see problem 1 now, we have given property 1 that is V1 as 0.16 meter cube per kg. That means the initial pressure is 6.5 bar and the V1 is 0.16 meter cube kg and the state 2, one of the properties has been given which is P2 as 2.5 bar and we have also been told that this process from 0.1 to 0.2 is a constant volume process and therefore we know other property also of the 0.2 which is at constant volume. So, V1 is equal to V2. So, indirectly the other property also has been given while in the next problem you can see is constant pressure. So, one has to under it could be constant enthalpy, it could be isentropic process or the entropy can remain constant. So, one has to understand what is the hidden value that has been given in the problem. If it is the constant pressure, constant volume, constant entropy, constant enthalpy any of these properties could be given to you and correspondingly you would have to determine what is the state 2 now. So, the problem therefore is at 0.1 we have got P1 as given 6.5 bar. We have also been given V1 as 0.16. At 0.2 we have been given P2 and again 0.2 we have been given V2 because the process happens at constant volume. What is not known is what is the state 1 where is the state 1 and state 2 lie? Are they single phase? Are they two phase? Are they in super heated region? Are they under the dome? Are they sub cooled region or whatever? This is first we will have to make it clear. So, because we have been given now in this problem pressures have been given P1 is equal to 6.5 bar. Let us now go to table number 2. Look at the values different values that we get at P1 is equal to 6.5 bar and then we solve the problems. So, 6.5 bar is 0.65 MPa. We can go here to the table and we see that we do not have values for 0.65 MPa but we have got values for 0.64 MPa and values for 0.66 MPa. We will have to interpolate between these two values now. So, please write down the values of 0.64 and 0.66 interpolate those values and I will not show you the interpolation now. I will directly write the values that we calculate for 0.65 MPa. Once we know these values we will compare the given other property which was V1 and find out the state of the fluid at state 1. So, coming to the solution of the problem now we say that this question 1 what we know is P1 is equal to 6.5 bar and V1 is equal to 0.16 meter cube per kg. If I write if I divide this page into two part this is state 1 and this could be state 2 and what we know here is P2 is equal to 2.5 bar and also what we know is V2 is equal to 0.16 meter cube per kg because this process of 1 to 2 is constant volume process alright. As I said we will interpolate the values for 0.64 and 0.66 MPa and I will directly write the values for 0.65 MPa here. So, at 6.5 bar I will get Vf is equal to 0.001104 meter cube per kg and I will get Vg is equal to 0.2926 meter cube per kg. What I understand therefore is the V1 value of 0.16 meter cube per kg lie between these two and therefore we say that Vf is less than V1 less than Vg so we are in two phase region. Moment we say two phase region we want to know what is the value of x. So, if I calculate x now I will say for the formulation of V1 is equal to Vf1 plus x time Vfg I can put the values of V1 as 0.16 and correspondingly which I have got here and here I can calculate the value of x1 is equal to 0.545 alright. When I know the value of x I can get the values of h1 which is equal to hf1 plus x1 time hfg1. If I put these values I will get 1815.22 as kilojoule per kg as the value of h. Similarly I will get the values of s1 is equal to 4.56 kilojoule per kg Kelvin and I will get the values of u also as 1711.27 kilojoule per kg alright. So, these are the values which I will get for state 1. Let us now go to state 2 and we know that state 2 we have got P2 is equal to 2.5 bar and at from table 2 I will get the values at P2 is equal to 2.5 bar what I know is V1 is equal to V2 which is 0.16 meter cube per kg at P2 is equal to 2.5 bar I will get Vf2 is equal to 0.00106 meter cube per kg and Vg2 is equal to 0.718 meter cube per kg. So, again we know that Vf2 is less than V2 is less than Vg2 which means that this is also going to be a two phase region. Moment I say two phase region I should know what is the value of x2 alright. It means that importantly that this process entirely happens in the two phase region the point 1 is also in two phase region and the point 1 and 2 both lie in the two phase region only. I would like to calculate s2 again using the formulation for V2 V2 is equal to Vf2 plus x time Vfg V2 is 0.16 Vf2 is 0.00106 plus x time Vfg which is one can find out the difference between these two and I can get from here the value of x2 is equal to 0.22. So, Vfg is 0.717 so x2 happens to be 0.22 corresponding to the x2 now I will get the values of h2, s2 and u2. My values of h2 will be hf2 plus x2 time hfg which is equal to 108.4 value of s2 is equal to 2.81 kilojoule per kg and value of u2 is equal to 978.41 kilojoule per kg and the temperature I can get from the table which happens to be 127.411 degree centigrade which is the saturation temperature at P2 pressure. Importantly I would like to show this process 1 to 2 on a PV diagram the entire process because it happens on because it is in two phase region I would like to look at the 0.1 and look at the 0.2 schematically on a PV diagram and that will actually talk everything about the process itself you know the 0.1 and 2 under a PV diagram we will talk everything about this process. So, let us plot this points 1 and 2 and draw this process 1 to 2 on a PV diagram. So, this is PV typically the PV diagram would look like this. So, the 0.1 this is let us say 6.5 bar and because the process is from 6.5 bar to 2.5 bar this is 2.5 bar and the process is constant volume x is 0.545 around the first case. So, this is my 0.1 and if I come down vertically this is going to be 0.2 alright. So, this is 1 to 2 the process takes place at constant volume and this can be shown on a given PV diagram. So, if I go back to the answer this is my process P 1 is given V 1 is given here P 2 is given as 2.5 bar I can write other values the value of x 1 was 0.545 the value of x 2 is 0.22 which is state 2 here. So, state 1 values are given that we calculated and the value of state 2 are here which is the x changes from 0.45 to 0.22 while u changes are given here h changes are given here and entropy changes are also given here. So, respective values at state 1 and state 2 are shown this process as constant volume and that is why V 1 remains the same in this case.


Two recent Pike Central High School graduates will travel out of the country this summer to spread the word of God. Jana Branham and Tyler Lowe, who attend church at Pikeville Free Will Baptist, joined E-Team. E-Team is a short-term summer missions experience for students who have completed 10th, 11th, or 12th grade. The program provides a week of training and two weeks of hands-on experience. Both students will start their mission in Nashville, Tennessee for training. After training, Branham will head to Tokyo, Japan, and Lowe will travel to Uruguay. Uruguay, a lot like Tokyo, it's not somewhere you usually hear about people going on mission trips, but it's largely an unreached country. I think it's like 7% of the people profess Christianity. There's a lot of Roman Catholicism in Uruguay, and so there's a lot of people that think they have to work their way towards God and stuff like that, and so hopefully we'll get opportunities to tell them about salvation by grace. While Branham and Lowe have different reasons for becoming missionaries, both felt it was their calling. I went to a student leadership training called Truth and Peace, and while we were there, we had a concert of prayer, and the concert of prayer is like you pray without ceasing for like hours, and it sounds really terrible, but it was really awesome. They give you topics to pray about, and when we prayed about missionary work, I really felt God like tugging me in that direction, and when I looked into it in the Bible, it's definitely something that God wants all Christians to do. The trip will begin Thursday and last for three weeks. Reporting in Pikeville for EKB News, I'm Shelby Steele.


All right, I think we're good. Andre, sorry. Go ahead. Yeah, I'll try. Thank you. How would I do that? Just fine. OK, thank you very much. So I apologize I have a cold today, so your experience will not be uniform throughout the talk listening to me. So I'm Andre Lapitz. I'm a computer science faculty at Boston University, and I also direct the software and application innovation lab. I'm also involved in something called the Hariri Institute. So I'll tell you about some of these. I assume that one of the reasons I was invited here, as Hugh mentioned, was to introduce BU and what's happening at BU to everyone. Now I should make the disclaimer that this is nowhere near everything that's happening at BU. This is just things that we're involved in or that I've been involved in, or that I'm peripheral to, that I'm aware of. But hopefully it'll give everyone an idea of the kinds of things that are happening at BU that are related or would benefit from open source or where open source is kind of incipient in certain communities. So there's just an overview. First I'll talk about the Hariri Institute and the software and application innovation lab. And then I'll go over a couple of examples of work going on at BU that involves open source starting to involve open source that, again, we're involved in. And I'll talk a little bit about the challenges and advantages and so on of trying to bring open source as well as bring software engineering into an academic environment in the way that we are currently doing it. So the Hariri Institute for Computing was founded about six years ago now to help researchers across Boston University who have a software engineering, computer science, data science, computational component to their research all the way from biologists and physicists all the way down to even school of theology. And we do work with school of theology and the humanities and things like that. And the Hariri Institute supports these kinds of efforts through seed grants, through recognition of faculty and graduate students through fellowships. But it also hosts sort of a federation of different centers, labs, and initiatives. Some of them it incubates. Some of them it sort of took on after it was formed. And many of these are around specific topic areas like artificial intelligence. Others are meant to promote things like digital education or software engineering, in the case of the software and application innovation lab, as well as other sort of areas of interest or focus. So software engineering within an academic environment is something that it seems is starting to become recognized as a possible career in a way that it wasn't before. So what I'm talking about here is the standard career tracks involved.  And those kinds of tracks in academia are well-recognized. And there's broadly well-organized structures for people to progress through those throughout their career. Not so much for research software engineering yet. Although, if you look online, you can see that these things are starting to improve. You have in the United Kingdom, for example, you have these sort of trade groups and associations and conferences for research software engineers who actually want to build a career doing software engineering and bringing best practices from software engineering into the academic environment. And you have other examples in the United States where, for example, the Flatiron Institute, I think it's called, was founded in New York City to help researchers with sort of computational challenges. And it's a very large, well-funded group. So things are starting to happen. And we're basically trying to do that at Boston University. So about three years ago, with this goal in mind, we started the Software and Application Innovation Lab at Boston University. And the idea here was to augment what the Institute was doing in helping researchers and faculty members and students introduce computational and software engineering elements into their research. We grew very rapidly just because there's a lot of demand for this kind of thing. Initially, it was primarily to support the seed grants where the Hariri Institute was supporting these kinds of efforts. But it turned out there's a lot of researchers who have funding, and I'll talk about this a little bit later, who have funding from external funding sources where academics typically get the bulk of their funding. So these are national organizations like the National Institutes of Health or the National Science Foundation, as well as foundations and other sources, DARPA, IARPA, and so on. And in this case, what was very interesting is that it also allowed us to take existing research efforts that maybe weren't able to get funding from those sources, because those organizations themselves are starting to recognize that you need to actually support software engineering as an end of itself in many fields if you're going to actually improve those communities. And you'll see some examples of that. Improve the way those communities work together and the way they build tools and so on. So basically, because the Hariri Institute is kind of a hub at the university and talks to researchers all around about the research they're planning to do or the research they're currently doing, then it really puts the Institute in a good position to promote things like open source approaches. So it's true that we've observed in many cases over the past several years situations where outside contractors were being hired, and basically they were rebuilding the same thing over and over again. In some cases, what you might arguably say is a waste of federal funding, but it's simply because people weren't familiar with the fact that you can actually take a piece of software and separate it into an open source component, which is reusable, and you can probably reuse it not only just within one group or within one project, but probably across projects, but also that you can take your proprietary research or whatever it is that you're building and you can sort of isolate it so that it becomes a configuration or an instantiation or a parameter to that open source platform. So you can still have your IP, but you'd be able to build this kind of infrastructure that's reusable. And it also puts us in a good position to promote best practices. So documenting your code, we've had experiences where we had to rebuild things from screenshots using CICD, making sure that you use good version control and things like that. These are things that we're able to promote and actually teach people about throughout the BU community because of the position that we're in because we're working with so many groups and talking to so many groups. One thing that I will say though is a lot of the things that I'll talk about and that we do are application level development. So there are many groups and you'll hear from other groups at BU who do other kinds of work, but we specifically focus on sort of applications and things that the application layer. So frameworks, libraries, web services, full stack applications and so on. We have, I'll mention some things that also were production quality. So we've built things that are production quality and had to be deployed. Other things are more kind of prototypes or things that are facing users who happen to be researchers. So I'll go over some of these four topic areas that I chose where it's exciting to see sort of open source approaches being adopted. So one of them is actually experimental design and automation and synthetic biology. So synthetic biology, it's kind of a, there's lots of things going on there, but sort of one prototypical workflow that I'll focus on, that there's some projects that are funding work on is this idea of, if I'm gonna build these genetic components that essentially implement logical, programmatic kinds of algorithms and I'm going to explore different designs to see which ones actually have the behavior that I want. So an example application of this is something like, I wanna create some kind of organism that will detect contaminants in water by maybe glowing or something like that. So in order, so you can actually online right now buy a kit to do genetic engineering. You can do it at home. You just need to order one online. So these are the kinds of things exist, but here we're talking about sort of automating this on a mass scale. So basically what you're going from is a design to hopefully some kind of automated infrastructure, APIs all the way down to machines that are actually gonna run the experiments and synthesize biological components that have certain functionalities. So what's really interesting is that for example, DARPA is actually funding an effort called Synogistic Discovery and Design, which is, BU is involved in actually a broader group that includes the Broad Institute and MIT and others and Doug Densmore is one of the PIs here at BU who does this work. But this program is actually explicitly designed to say, all right, all of you labs that are sort of doing synthetic biology and are planning to create pipelines that build these components that are essentially biological systems that perform certain functions, you guys need to agree on standards that you're gonna use. What kind of APIs are you gonna use? What kind of formats are you gonna use for describing an experiment, for describing a biological component and so on. And it's actually really interesting to see, they're actually doing things in the way that you would expect and in the way that we see other open source communities doing things. They have consortia, they have working groups, they put together standards and DARPA is actually funding this kind of thing explicitly and encouraging this kind of work. So specifically for example, something we've been involved in is a number of different tools within workflows where we've contributed to existing standards as well as existing tools within the community. When you need to, for example, build these biological components, there's a standard language for visualizing these and it's amazing to see the synthetic biologists to actually on a whiteboard write it so fluently as if they're just writing in English or something like that. But these sorts of images are actually rendered in various tools so that you can actually present them or examine them and things like that. So we've had contributions where we've added the ability to visualize additional kinds of components within tools like visible. We've also contributed to several tools for essentially generating designs. So if I wanna have some kind of logical circuit and I want to implement it as some kind of biological system, there's tools like cello that are being worked on including by groups of you that I mentioned that essentially take that logical circuit and generate a bunch of biological designs that could implement that circuit. And then of course you need to test and see if they work and that's part of what this sort of experimental workflow is meant to support. Another standard that's kind of growing right now as S-Bowl so this is a standard for, it could be for describing biological components, it could be for describing experiments. And it's an RDF based kind of XML format and it's actually expanding right now as the community decides what kinds of features should be added to it to describe the kinds of biological components that they want to build. One thing that I was really happy and impressed by was this open source protocol called AutoProtocol which is intended primarily for robots so essentially these are these pipet robots that I had a picture of here earlier on the right side. And basically the idea is that you'd have this JSON format for saying take this pipet, move this much of this material into this particular well and it's a programmatic way to describe this kind of process but it's very interesting if you go to autoprotocol.org you'll see that it just looks like an API and this community has actually done a great job of taking the kinds of techniques that we're familiar with from software engineering and adapting it to this particular domain. It's very encouraging to see that and it's very refreshing to use this kind of tool and use this kind of format when you're building pieces of software. So that's one area where it's definitely exciting to see these kinds of software engineering and open source techniques being introduced and we're very happy that we have the opportunity to contribute to these here at BU within the Software and Application Innovation Lab and for the Hariri Institute to be able to support this kind of work as well. So there's another area where we're seeing things change and kind of emerge right now called Digital and Electronic Health and the Hariri Institute as well as some other groups like the Institute for Health Science Innovation Policy as well as the Mobile and Electronic Health Affinity Research Collaborative. These are some of the entities at BU that support or are kind of encouraging some of these things to happen but here I have an example of sort of a series of projects that we're doing with some of the faculty members at School of Public Health in building something called Computerized Adaptive Testing Platforms. So these are platforms that basically allow organizations like healthcare providers, hospitals, nonprofits to provide assessments that either could be administered by clinicians or can be sort of self-administered by patients and users to assess their progress if they have, for example, spinal cord injury or if they have burn injury or if they have other conditions or maybe just sort of how they're progressing and what their condition is if they're healthy. And these tools actually, when we came into this community, many of them were being built using Visual Basic 5 and they were running on Windows XP desktops and things like that. It was very interesting to come into this community and try to introduce sort of full-stack web applications using open-source frameworks to build both the back end and the front end components and to also make them as a result cross-platform more compatible with sort of web-based environments. And now we've actually had great experiences taking some of these organizations on the right-hand side and helping them deploy these tools using modern techniques. So we're using Docker, giving them these Docker images, allowing them to set this up within their environment. And it's really been great to do that. And one of the interesting things that we've run into here is actually a lot of these tools have to be accessible in the sense of if you have users who may be hearing or site-impaired and they need to be able to use these websites nevertheless. And one of the things that we've actually run into is there is a government, I guess, funded framework called Assets that really isn't maintained very well. And we've ended up actually having to use one with not so great license called Accessible Plus for some of these tools. But we're actually thinking about right now coming up with sort of taking Assets and maybe fixing it up ourselves here at BU given the number of projects that could benefit from this. But the idea here is that this is a front-end framework that allows you to introduce components into your web application, into your website that makes it accessible in accordance with standards like Section 508. So this is something where there's a lot of opportunity here also for private organizations as well as nonprofits and academic actors to get in and sort of improve this and maybe contribute in places where, for example, the government may not have the resources to maintain these things. I have here a web experience toolkit which is actually a Canadian government funded project as well just for complete coverage. But these are examples of things where open source is actually, open source approaches are also gonna be very valuable. Obviously this is something that benefits many users and is essential for many of these applications. And this is where those techniques can provide lots of benefits. So here within BU there's another project that we're working on where it was just, showed us how important it is to use good software engineering practices. So Margaret Betke is actually on top here. She's a faculty member within the CS department and she's working with another faculty member in the College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences here at BU to build the system that uses, well it'll be other things because the connect is discontinued but at the moment we're using a Microsoft connect to essentially allow patients to adhere to exercises to for example physical therapy exercises that they have to do at home. And one thing that's interesting about projects like this is they really are heavy software engineering projects. There's a team of 20 people with PhD students and software engineers and project managers all trying to collect requirements, build mockups, put together user interfaces, put together the back end, take components that are research components. These are things that are algorithms that PhD students are putting together for their theses and helping the PhD students get them to the point where their production quality so you can actually have patients using this and not being frustrated. And there's a lot of project management that goes into this kind of work. There's a lot of coordination and in this case we're also using open source approaches as well as using open source frameworks. So it's a really great opportunity for demonstrating how valuable it is to use these approaches for these kinds of projects that probably wouldn't have made it this far without using industry and community best practices for something this complicated. So that's another ongoing project that's happening right now within this kind of digital and electronic health space. So I'll switch over to another, a third example area where I'm personally very involved in and we have a lot of work in this. So there's next generation cryptographic techniques you've probably heard of homomorphic encryption and there's another thing called multi-party computation.  So you assume that if you want to take data from multiple organizations and do some kind of joint computation over it, analyze it, you would assume that you need to actually share that data, give it to some party and then it'll do the computation. It turns out with techniques like multi-party computation and homomorphic encryption and so on, you can actually separate computation from actually being able to read and hold the data. I can, for example, encrypt my data, give it to some kind of service provider, they do the analysis without ever seeing the data or the results, they give me back the encrypted results, I need to encrypt the results and I look at them. So these things are all possible but these are not techniques that are currently being used in production in the real world. And one of the things that we currently have is a bunch of grants from the National Science Foundation as well as other partners that are explicitly for building open source libraries that will then allow others to build applications and services on top of these open source libraries to introduce these kinds of features into their applications. So here we have a list of different libraries and some of them there's other talks that you'll hear during this conference about some of these, like for example, Conclave as well as the applications where they're being used but we're essentially being funded by NSF to build libraries that are open source and that can be sort of deployed and used within applications Excuse me, we've actually been able to take some of these and deploy them which I'll mention in a second. Now one approach that we've taken here when we started this is there are a lot of libraries obviously being put together within this community by researchers, faculty members, graduate students but one of the approaches that we took when we started building some of these in particular because we knew we needed to deploy them we knew we needed to deploy them for applications that are basically gonna run at the, on browsers that end users are using on their laptops and so on. We actually had to from scratch build them using JavaScript for example so that they run on all the browsers and that you can build applications that are compatible on all browsers. So this is a library called JavaScript implementation of federated functionalities that we built to support those kinds of environments. There's lots of demos online that you can look at and you kind of see these libraries from a few slides ago sort of where they went or where they're going now. So we have collaborations with the city of Boston and the Boston Women's Workforce Council where these libraries were actually used to build applications that have been deployed over the past three years or so in production used by hundreds of companies across Boston where they're basically loading this application in the browser and contributing data to a computation in a privacy preserving way. We have a partnership with Hunder Research Institutes and this is to Hunder Research Institute's credit that it actually is supporting open source development so they're funding this work but they're funding open source libraries that they hope to benefit from as well and we've actually built prototypes and demos of things like, so let's say you have Google's routing service, right? So Google allows you to say I'm here, I wanna go there and it returns to you sort of a path of how to get to that destination. So you can actually build that service in a way such that Google never sees your query. It doesn't know where you're starting and it doesn't know where you're going. Nevertheless, it's able to tell you how to get there. So you can do this in a privacy preserving way using these techniques and using these kinds of libraries that we've put together. We've been fortunate to work with Callisto Project as well. We've put together some libraries that allow them to use multi-party computation techniques within their service. Callisto is a sexual assault reporting service that runs on a number of campuses right now and they're building sort of a next generation version of their offering that is going to use some of these next generation cryptographic techniques and we were able to put together some open source libraries thanks to the NSF funding for them as well. And as I mentioned, you'll hear about Conclave which is another project that involves the Massachusetts Open Cloud, Dataverse and actually Red Hat I think is involved in this as well at this point and it's a very interesting project. You'll hear more about it in subsequent talks but one of the libraries there is again something that we've been working on funded by NSF that contributes to this project and allows these kinds of privacy preserving computations to take place within cloud environments. So the last topic I'll kind of talk about is urban data science. So BU hosts something called the Initiative on Cities which was I think started by the former mayor. And the initiative tries to connect researchers and students at Boston University with cities in particular the city of Boston but also other cities in the area to sort of address issues. And what's interesting over the last three to four years maybe even more so in sort of two to three years is cities have started to embrace open data so they basically take all the data that used to be in document, paper form or just going into a black hole or some server somewhere and never looked at again. And they've been taking them and turning them into these open data portals that are accessible to everyone. So right now you can go online, you can go to Analyze Boston and you can see here's all the bike paths in Boston. Here are all the 3-1-1 calls. Here are all the 9-1-1 calls. Here's where all the accidents happen. And so far it's a difficult challenge for cities to actually go beyond that because they don't really have the resources to then take that and build solutions based on that data. They're just trying to get the data out there. But they are using sort of open source frameworks like CCAN and Socrata API to do that. But what we've been doing is for example supporting student kind of project-based courses as well as other projects that are funded by NSF to build tools that use that data or to build tools that allow others to use that data. So we have this kind of this diagram of this ecosystem of various little components that will allow someone to take. If I have the bike path data set from the city of Boston, can I take that and then for example find the most efficient way to connect the bike paths? Where could I place additional bike paths to sort of connect them up and have them have better continuity? So in order to do that, you have to retrieve the data, you have to store it somewhere, you have to build a pipeline that maybe can retrieve updated versions of that data over time. And what you need to do is then maybe run an optimization algorithm over it. But that requires converting that data from whatever GIS format or sort of open street map style format it's in to something that's gonna be compatible with network hex and Python or something like that. So we've built a lot of libraries and sort of tools to support that kind of thing. And students have been able to contribute as well as use those kinds of tools within courses that are offered at BU. Where they use these open data sets and they do projects, you know, focused on sort of solving problems with optimization techniques and sort of statistical analysis techniques. We've been able also to do it ourselves in a couple of cases. Recently, Boston had the Boston Public Schools had a challenge to find a better way to route school buses to reduce costs. It was a little controversial. We were careful to not get into the controversial part of it. We actually just, what we did was we offered to create an anonymized sort of data set that is representative of the distribution of students in the Boston area but is not actually the addresses of all the children in the Boston area. And we did that by essentially taking a collection of different open data sets and using a bunch of tools to build something that has the same distribution in terms of the number of students going to number of schools. And you have to get it right. So if you see on the picture on the left here, that just connects every student with a straight line to the school that they attend. In the Boston area, for example, because of the way that Boston assigns students to schools, you see there's a lot of cross traffic north to south there. So it's not terribly efficient in terms of transportation, but you have to kind of create something that's representative of the actual challenges that the routing algorithms might face if they're actually going to figure out how to transport all these students. So this was an opportunity to use some of these tools, use some of these data sets and for us to kind of get involved in a project that hopefully at least provided a beneficial data set that others could use to do the actual routing challenge. So full disclosure, MIT won the challenge for routing, although again, if you can read the newspaper articles to see what the controversy was there. So I wanted to kind of now step back from these specific topic areas and just kind of demonstrate some of the ways in which by doing all of these things, certainly the software and application innovation at Lab at BU has been able to find opportunities to reuse and also leverage our experience working in one area to basically inform or give us something that we can reuse or have an advantage in another area. So it's just like we call it the spider diagram sometimes. Some of the projects that we've worked on, some of the tools that we use to support those projects in particular areas of research and you can group them in various ways but this is sort of just one way of grouping some of these projects. So just to give an example, one thing that we've been able to do is build a backend system that we've reused throughout projects. The backend system basically does things like user management, authentication and you can manage data but we've been able to use it for these computerized adaptive testing platforms. We've been able to use it for synthetic biology databases. We've been able to use it for sort of situations where you need to build tools that are HIPAA compliant and by taking this open source platform that again we've seen people rebuild over and over again, building our own kind of version of it on top of open source frameworks, making it open source. We've actually been able to save a lot of effort on our part and we've been able to take features that benefit one community and sort of transfer it to another community and people are starting to accept it. They're starting to understand that oh it's okay that I'm going to fund an improvement to this open source project and save some of my funding for the actual work of the research rather than build the whole thing top to bottom and sort of own everything which doesn't really benefit anyone because again you're just rebuilding the same kind of backend from scratch each time. Frontend as well, we've kind of embarrassingly reused frontend frameworks and components across projects that are vastly different. And yet we've been able to sort of reuse this stuff and you know again save effort, get benefits of feature improvements across these projects in these kinds of scenarios. And then just sort of from a competitive advantage standpoint, right? So one of the reasons the Hariri Institute exists at Boston University is to make it possible for researchers to be more competitive when they apply for external funding to NSF, to NIH in places like that. And among the things that you need to have there is, thank you very much, I appreciate that. So one of the things that you would benefit from is you have built frameworks before, you've worked on, you've used best practices before and you're able to reuse those and say I can reuse this in a project if the NSF funds it. Or I'm able to ask a new kind of question because I ran into it while working on these kinds of projects. So I talked about a little the digital health projects before where we were able to take things that we're familiar with from software engineering and kind of bring frameworks and best practices into these communities and build all these tools with all these collaborators and sort of that's great. But many of these, for example, require HIPAA compliance. So then we can say, okay, well we have familiarity with that because we do cybersecurity research, we do this sort of next generation cryptography research. We can actually take some of these techniques and bring it into these projects. And now we can maybe use a slightly more sophisticated form of encryption to manage sort of multiple layers of users and the way that they can have access to different components. So we can bring that into the frameworks because that we have experience with that. Of course also builds our own sort of experience, the experience of our interns and so on as we do that. But then you can actually turn around and go back and say now that I'm in this community I actually am introduced to new problems that I haven't seen before because I'm familiar with all these members of this community. And now I can actually go back to NSF and say they actually would benefit from additional kinds of work in cybersecurity and cryptography that hasn't been done yet, but that we could do and then they would be able to use. And then you can go back to NSF and say we'd like to do this work, please fund it. It'll require some basic research but then it'll also require us to do the software engineering to put it into production and have patients actually be able to use these features. And we've been able to do that with some partners like, hey Charlie is a startup that actually tries to address the recidivism and opioid addiction and help patients not sort of return to their bad habits. And one of the things that we were able to do for them is build this kind of encrypted backend that allows them to analyze and store data without actually having to store sensitive data about patients and sort of their histories and so on. Other examples we've been able again to allow students within these urban data science projects to use the Massachusetts OpenCloud for example as well as sort of efficient frameworks for doing big data computations in these kinds of environments. And then again as a result of us being able to go to the city of Boston or the collaborators and say here we've helped you with something, they come back and they trust us to tell us problems. Because usually if a researcher goes to like the city of Boston and says we'd like to work with you on something they're like who are you? I've never worked with you before. I don't really trust that if some of your students learn about my problem that they're gonna come back a year later or a few months later and actually solve it. But by actually doing something first and building a relationship, you actually get to talk to people and they tell you what their real problems are and that's how some of our, some of this multi-party computation deployment work happened as a result of the fact that we already had relationships with the city of Boston based on previous engagements. And then that goes back into again allowing us to ask for funding to do research and cybersecurity, cryptography and so on for things like multi-party computation. Sorry, I did not plan to get sick. All right, so anyway, so that hopefully gives you an idea of the way that we've been able to leverage the fact that we are using software engineering practices and sort of open source techniques to enrich the research community at BU and to sort of find new opportunities both for researchers as well as for introducing software engineering and open source best practices into these communities. And again, I wanna pause and say there's a lot of other things going on at BU. This is just a small slice of things that we've been involved in. There's a lot of things going on at the School of Engineering. There's a lot of things going on even within the Hury Institute that I haven't mentioned that again, you'll hear in other talks and I hope you do attend those talks and hear about those other topic areas. But so that's us, we're the nation lab and these are some of our sources of funding now here from these external agencies and other partner organizations that fund the sort of the majority of our work. And thank you very much for sort of listening to what's going on at BU. Hopefully it gives you a better idea of what's happening and also a better idea of the opportunities that you have to engage with the academic community around some of these areas as well as many others. So thank you very much. Thanks very much. Thanks, Andre, that's really great. I appreciate the talk. I forgot to mention one thing which is that in this room here is the Red Hat Boston University Collaboratory Track. All of the talks in this room today will be presented by interns from BU who have been working with us over the summer. So please be sure to check those out if you find them interesting. We got a coffee break now, so get some coffee. Enjoy it. Enjoy the stuff. We're paying for it. And thank you.


Hey there fellow astronomers, if you've watched any of my videos over the last couple of years hopefully you know that the theme of this channel is Science is people that astronomy and being an astronomer is about being part of a community And that's what entrances me about the double AS meetings every year the big winter meetings Especially that is the biggest form of community within the American astronomical community That comes together to celebrate and to share and to collaborate So there's an impetus for the community i.e. you and me the members who are going to this meeting and sharing our science It's on us to participate and to be part of making this meeting happen But just as important and something that I think doesn't get talked about or appreciated enough is the hard-working people who make these meetings happen so I am really grateful and Really excited to share with you a short chat that I had with Debbie Kowalski Who is one of the main people who makes the meetings happen? And I hope what really comes through is that Debbie represents one of a ton of people who've been working tirelessly Super hard for months to make this event happen. So with all that in mind, here's a chat with Debbie Kowalski from the double AS Hi, I'm Debbie Kowalski and I'm the director of exhibits and development at the American Astronomical Society and I've been working with the AAS since the early 90s Is this the most? Difficult meeting you've ever I mean you've been involved in a lot of winter meetings And I know this is like the big event you guys do every year Although you do a lot of things is not just the winter meeting, but is this is this the the most difficult? I wouldn't say it's the most difficult. It's every meeting has its own challenges This is this is definitely been this year has definitely been a challenge. I think the last summer meeting was difficult because we were completely thrown Into the unknown and we had to very quickly figure out what to do We almost canceled and I said no don't do that of a group of us that we're gonna find the solution and we Researched really quickly for some solutions that were out there. They were they were not a lot We came across some of you. We Found a platform called v-fairs. We were really impressed with it. They were using it for many Solutions for job fairs career fairs College fairs that kind of thing and they had just come into the virtual meetings Conferences. Yeah. Yeah, and it's something it's like a lifeline, right? Like Instead of just canceling. Yeah, so great. It was great for June and that was really good and Over the summer we did the DDA meeting But we learned a lot from these three meetings people were concerned about the networking wasn't happening Working as much The exhibitors didn't feel like they were being visited. I'm always so impressed with like how put together the exhibitor hall is like how Immersive and entertaining. I've been really enjoying the advancements of like I like the live stage that we have for like the iPoster Plus Last year. I thought that was really cool. I think there's even more things we could do You know to make that space more engaging and so I'm so and that's my favorite space in the whole meeting And so it's it's the piece that I'm gonna miss the most is like it's the it's the wander and chat And so I'm really curious. How do you envision, you know, five days of this meeting? How do you envision people like me getting up my my wander on and my chat? How am I gonna interact with these booths? What's that experience gonna be like? Sure So what we've done is we have given the exhibitors every tool They could possibly want to use to engage sure now it's a matter of people have to come You can chat with them over just a text chat in a group You can do a one-on-one chatting and then you can go into a video chat if you want with them Is that all through v-fairs? That's all through v-fairs and that is a that's their proprietary system Okay, and that was that's something we had in In the summer, but one of the other things that we've given every single exhibitor has a zoom room their own zoom account So it's always live their staff will be in there now They're not there from 11 in the morning until 6 30 at night They're gonna be designated exhibitor exhibit hall hours.  They're doing demos. They have breakout rooms within their zoom rooms They're doing meet and grease They have VIP sections So they'll have there'll be a daily schedule of all the activities that are going on all the booths Some some of the publishers have discounts some their contests going on star torielis is giving every single exhibitor a $25 gift card Um as a prize. So every exhibitor is going to be doing some sort of contest Um, and can I break can I break that news on this? Can I can I share that? Okay? Yeah, awesome. Yeah I'm not a torielis. That's great And um, so it's we're really trying to increase the traffic So you will be able to meet go into these zoom rooms and have conversations with with The exhibitors just like you would if you were on the floor and then we also have slack the slack channels are there So that there's conversation going on Whether you're you've left a session and you want more questions to the speakers or your Questions to the exhibitors or the exhibitors are posing questions to the attendees So it's a great way to do some of that networking and talking and Those just random conversations that people would have as they're walking out of a session to continue Um the topic that was going on Now I know we're trying to bend slack to our will like it's not the perfect tool for this scenario It's right. I mean like we're trying to use tools that we have and that are available and that people can download On all the different platforms that they're using but it strikes me as like an actual real opportunity that like Now there's a chat room that we I know we had the app before and there was some chat capabilities But it was pretty underused the chat capabilities of the app Now we've got a platform that almost everybody is familiar with or has seen or heard And it has like, you know a quarter of the entire double s membership or whatever is like in that slack channel Is that something that the double s is considering? Continuing moving forward into the back into the physical meetings. Hopefully next year Um, it can we expect this this slack channel to stay persistent like it's not just going to disappear in a month and all those conversations and those Those ideas that sparked aren't just going to evaporate well, we are definitely going to be taking a lot of the things that we've learned from the virtual platforms and um integrating them into the face-to-face meetings And we're also going to take some of the virtual the things that we've done in the virtual world and Do them on off times. Maybe we'll have workshops The reason we do so much at the winter meeting is because oh, we've got captive audience So let's do workshops. Let's do employment stuff. Let's do the career center. Let's do the grad school thing Which we're trying to do everything and people are just always overwhelmed. Yeah, and even it even at this virtual meeting We're doing I think at one point we have 28 parallel sessions. Wow. The good thing is though Everything's recorded. Yes. You don't have to say. Oh my god. I want to go to the session over here It's okay. You can still see the recorded Talks you can still participate in the conversation over slack See the questions that were asked and continue to ask questions to the author So the answer to your question is yes, we will take some of the components whether it's slack or some other chat pool Um, we will definitely do that. But of course everything comes with a cost. Yeah, right so, you know People love the idea that we'll be able to have a face-to-face meeting and there could be a virtual component of it I think the idea of recording it And making like a chat platform available seems really cool I'm really excited about that about trying to think about how the hack day for example integrates into the in-person meeting When it has a persistent slack channel or whatever For the whole week and maybe for the whole year Yeah, I agree. I think I think it's great. We can have conversations about while we're planning the meeting Yeah, as things are going on if we were all on slack. So I agree with you I think it's it's great. We'll take some of those ideas and And keep them going to to go back for a minute and go back to the exhibitor hall One of the other things that I think I mentioned this on the phone to you that really strikes me about what I love About double s and the exhibitor hall I've been to a few other meetings and like some comic book conventions and things And the exhibitor hall in a lot of other meetings is really focused on Selling things and like people do sell stuff. We have start toilet sales clothes Publishers sell books, but that's about it. There's not that much sales And I'm always struck at our meetings how You know, it's the observatories who are giving out pens and mouse pads and I mean right here Here's my nasa mouse pad from two years ago that's still sitting right here That's something that I really appreciate and I didn't appreciate it as much until I went to this other meeting that was all by our stuff by our books by our Whatever's and it's something that you know, it makes me doubly want to get people to engage with the exhibitors because they're not in it to sell you T-shirts, you know, I I'm really glad to have somebody from the double s have you to talk to And I really appreciate that point that these these exhibitors Um, these aren't just salespeople that these are these are part of our community I appreciate you saying all that because One of the things that is so important Um, is that they're scientists and they're scientists who want to talk to to the scientists And ask them what do you need? What do you need from our observatory? What do you need from our lab? What do you need from our missions? What can we do for you? They're there to serve our community So please take the time to go in and have these conversations with them go to their town halls There are 71 Exhibitor webinars. This is something newly started in june I wanted to give the exhibitors another venue to talk and what's really interesting especially for Undergrads and graduate students who are listening to this Um, the exhibitor webinars are a higher level talk So what's what's the distinction between a webinar and a town hall because I know some of the booths are going to have You know, like nasa is going to have various town halls and nsf will have a town hall So well, okay, so the town halls are agency-wide talk about everything that's going on at nasa in astrophysics It's the same idea they'd be talking about ast division the exhibitor webinars They have come up with specific topics. It could be Careers at aura had a right proposal for James Webb telescope that might be one of the ones that space telescope decided that they want to hold so in the in the itinerary planner Um, the schedule you can browse through them and you'll see that they're listed there They're only half an hour long They're 15 minute presentations and then there's 15 minutes q&a and they're supposed to be You know more informal. Can I ask about swag? Is there is there any thoughts for I mean, we can't just mail everybody They're a little bag of stuff. I guess, um, is that is there anybody doing swag? Like that's something else that I guess, you know, I'm not going to get my mouse pad this year Well, if if you register before december 1st You actually got a nasa the nasa calendar mail to you some of the exhibitors have Digital swag. Okay. So, you know ebooks or digital music or I know some of them have zoom backgrounds Things like that um, some of them are actually arranging and mailing swag to people So you definitely want to go and get contests, you know, enter whatever they're they're doing Some of them have giveaways Things like that. So you definitely want to stop by so that's how they're they're handling swag This go around one of the events that I the first events that we're going to be hosting are is the graduate school fair Right. Yes. I want to talk about that for sure because that's usually an event that I go and Uh, have to talk for two hours in front of all these people and it's it's such a a rushed thing But I notice you guys have a longer fare this year Yeah, we do have a long affair and we're actually This is one of the events that we are actually considering doing virtually Moving forward and doing it multiple times in the year. We have 42 Graduate schools and r.u programs represented. That's great. And um, they the Reps will be there. You can make appointments to meet with them for that sunday or any time during the week They also have the video chatting capabilities and applications and docs and videos and everything are in their booth Well, this goes back to I think what the one of the hidden benefits of having the slack, right is that now if you run into somebody quickly at the at the At the grad school fair, then you can interact for the rest of the week You can have that iPoster chat and then as the Faculty who are looking for new students and trying to recruit I don't have to rely on that one scrap of paper that might have gotten passed around people who written their names on it To express interest. I've got that chat history right on the slack. What are your hopes? What is going to be a success for you? What how or is this going to be like a How are you going to judge this as a success versus like, uh, we really missed it What do you think is going to be the the thing that's going to give you satisfaction? I think I will be satisfied if I hear from the exhibitors that people came and visited them and talked to them I would rather I don't want to hear that 2,000 people came by their booth. I want to hear that they had You know 200 people came by and they and they Had good questions. They have good leads. They're going to follow up with them and and New collaborations were formed. Okay people. There you go. Don't let Debbie down This is what this is all she wants is just go to the booths and have good conversations. That's all this is about go do it It really is.  They're there to find authors ADS is there. They want to teach you how to use their tools They want you know, there there are to be there for the community. So Take advantage of them while you have a shot That is that is a great sentiment. That's what this meeting is supposed to be about Right. It's about the community. So Well, thank you very much. It was good to talk to you. See you soon


This paper proposes a new approach for automatically detecting metallic defects in industrial settings. It uses a cascade autoencoder, KC, to segment and classify defects in the input image. The KC transforms the input image into a pixel-wise prediction mask, which is then used by a compact convolutional neural network, CNN, to classify the defects. The proposed method was tested on an industrial dataset and demonstrated its effectiveness in detecting metallic defects, under different conditions. This article was authored by Xian Tao, Da Peng Zhang, Wen Ji Ma, and others.


It's time for geek challenges. That's what I know and geek challenges just for people who are listening These are the things that we're not entirely sure if we have the answer for I mean we all we know There are always more answers and that's why we invite you to email us at feedback at Mac geek up comm but if there If there's something we don't know the answer we call it a geek challenge and we throw it out to you as the community Chad has more a head scratcher here, which I guess will throw out to the Community here I'm having this issue since Big Sur and VMware fusion 12. Hopefully VMware will fix this soon as parallel seems to be working fine And the problem is that doesn't work I even tried the pseudo kill all command the other option to share the connection seems to work But it's very slow and unliable. So that's not what I want So the issue is that He can't get networking to work or he can't get a certain type of networking to work Windows Running Windows 10 the internet connection isn't working. This is the report here. So interesting. That's not good Huh? Yeah, okay, so I don't have anything and yeah like him I mean my internet connection with parallels. I get a renew my parallels. I forgot So I I guess we'll just throw it out. There's anybody else having issues with With Big Sur and VMware fusion. Yeah interesting, huh, I Yeah, I get I mean we use these days for You know, I don't use much virtualization these days and and maybe maybe I should of course, but But no, I don't I I really I just have no need for it And and so I haven't been doing any of it. I keep wanting to I keep knowing that in the back of my head I need to pay attention to this a for things like this with Big Sur but also as you know, virtualization or perhaps the right word emulation Starts coming more to fruition on the M1 max that it's definitely going to be a thing that that we get That we get questions for here. So So, yeah, but if anybody knows please let us know


Hello. I needed to get out of the house before I filmed because it's very chaotic in there to me right now and my mind was just like, ah. We're headed to the food store because I need to get stuff to make the girls food. I cook their food. I can't remember if we talked about that on here or not or if I've done it on Instagram. So we're gonna do that, come back here, make the food, clean the apartment. Mondays seem to be like my day for resetting. I also got bored and was like playing with my hair. I found this cute little Korean girl on Instagram who gives hair tutorials. It looks nothing like hers but it was really easy to do. Is it cute? I can't really tell. It's definitely not giving like hers was but my hair is also like four days old at this point. Like I don't know what's happening here. Anyways, let's go to the food store. You guys, I didn't even think about the holidays. Was this a bad idea to come to the food store on the Monday? No, Christmas is like a long time from now. No, it's gonna be fine. It looked chaotic here for a Monday but it's fine right? It's Monday. It looks very busy though. Okay, we'll see. Alright, I got out of there without spending less than $100 which these days at a food store is like some kind of miracle. The girls could cost me about $40 every 10 days. So yes, it's expensive but it prevents me from having to take them to the vet when I started this because Sunny was getting ear infections like multiple times a year and I heard that it could be like mites. The mites in the dry dog food and apparently you can't like do anything to prevent mites. Like if you have dry dog food, you have mites. Like there's no other way around it. So like let me give this a go and see how it is. That was like 10 years ago. I mean Honey's 3. I was doing it for Sunny for a while. So never really looked back and Sunny's I know it's confusing. His ear infections he never had a single ear infection ever again. The girls are very healthy. They don't have ear infections. They don't scratch. They don't do any of that. So maybe it's just coincidence. Maybe it's the food but I'm gonna keep making their food. The only thing is you have to add like in addition to like the actual food you have to add like supplements so that they have enough calcium.  I'm like I supplement. It's fine. Like leave me alone but they might know that because I make their food the vet isn't getting as much money. I never thought of that until just now. No wonder they're trying to talk me out of it. Interesting. Anyways so so yeah it's expensive but it's worth it to me because we're not spending money at the vet. They are happy and healthy and comfortable. You know listen I know I don't have human babies. I have dog babies so if this is my way of spoiling them then so be it. Alright GTG let's go home. Cook and clean. My penny. It was on tails so I didn't pick it up. I didn't flip it over for the next person so that they can have good luck all day. Alright I know I left y'all hanging yesterday with the tie-dye project. I'm gonna show it to you. It's definitely not. Let me just show it. Remember it was my first time. I had no idea what I was doing. I want to say though I don't hate it. For what I'm gonna make it into I think it could be cool. So let's just let's just stay in that realm of like positivity and optimism okay. Alright here it is. Okay the color is coming off a little bit yellow probably because I'm not in the natural light but this is the brownest yeah the colors that it's not this yellow. So we have our brown and then it kind of goes into like a mauve pink situation actually. So and then other parts are like more pink like that's almost still white right. That's like very very light pink but even like the parts that I had fully submerged for like four hours are still not perfect but like I said I think that's gonna be kind of cool. I think it's gonna look like it didn't come from a factory or something you know what I'm saying like I really don't I really don't hate it. I definitely like it more than when it was all white and then this is another one of the pieces here where the brown side is here and then it kind of gets lighter as we go off. It's not it's not bad right.  Listen we're gonna go with it. I'm gonna have fond fond memories of making this and who knows when it's sewn up into a jacket as you guys know yardage made into clothing can look completely different once you get it all sewn up. So again we're just gonna stay positive and we're just gonna lean into it own it be proud of it right. I mean what else am I gonna do.  Road trip put honey in her car seat usually honey and biscuit both chill in the car seat in the back seat but we're in a parking lot at the airport waiting on daddy. We're picking him up from the airport. This hairstyle did not did not do it. I mean in granted I was cleaning and like not really like it's a mess it's a mess so I think even now I have to wash it because now we've got a greasy for me even just trying to style it that little bit um anyways so that's where we are um and what else we're going to the basketball game tonight the charlotte hornets basketball game um just having a date night so that's probably it for me for today um but um but yeah tomorrow he'll go to work and urge the office and I will be able to get some sewing done hopefully um I have a surprise I think for you guys um so anyways to tomorrow.