This is Roy. I work at Square on the Cryptographic Identity and Segrage Management team. Today, I'm going to be talking about our AWS OADC authentication structure using Spiky at Square. So we're going to be going over what is OADC and why we're using AWS, the architecture, our solutions, and the current status of OADC at Square. So start with the overview. Some background about AWS at Square. We're in the process of transitioning to the cloud with a focus on AWS. It's been a slow process. There's lots of apps still in the Square DC. These DC apps will often use services in AWS, such as S3 and SQS. Apps in AWS live on separate accounts. So we have isolation there, and then we also have isolation in terms of the environment that the apps are on. So staging of production will be on different accounts. So what is OADC? OADC is an open standard and decentralized authorization protocol. It allows third parties to verify the identity of end users, thus though, by sending data about users in Jots, which are signed by an authorization server, which in our case would be spire. So there's no need to use a separate identity and separate authentication for every third party you try to connect to. So we're going to be talking about a small subset, this OADC spec, which is the discovery provider. The discovery provider exposes JSON Webkey, sets, or Jots for Jot validation. So there's two endpoints that the provider has. It has the well-known OpenID configuration and the keys. The keys is pretty straightforward, it just serves the Jots. The discovery document contains metadata about the provider, including information about the issuer of the Jots, the URI where the keys are served from, and the algorithms used to sign the Jots, as well as the response types. So this is an example of a Jot we would have at square for OADC authentication to AWS. In the subject, we have the spiffy ID of the app. In the audience, we have the intended AWS account. This is like the AWS account that is supposed to receive this Jot, and then we have the issuer at that time. So we had three options when we were choosing what to put in the audience field. We could have had it be the intended app. So if my app was trying to talk to test app or something, then the audience would have been test app. The problem with that is that it doesn't differentiate between environments, it wouldn't differentiate between a staging and production version of test app, more of a dependency. And so we went with the AWS account and at square we separate each app and their environments into separate accounts. So this works for us. A third option would have been to isolate it further down into the role that we're trying to assume in that account, but there's a limited number of audiences that you can have. So we chose the middle ground of just the AWS account. So this prevents this Jot from being taken or stolen and used to impersonate the app or my app. So this limits the scope of where the Jot can be used. So a quick overview of how OIDC and AWS works. AWS IAM supports using OIDC identity providers. So these are tied to provider URLs and then the roles can have a trust relationship with these providers. So it'll check that the providers coming from the correct URL, it checks metadata in the Jot and we check for whether the subject has the data specifically ID that we expect and also the audience is the correct one. The AWS STS allows us to use these Jots to assume into a role. You know, the role through IAM checks all the information that we need. So this is kind of how we were connecting to AWS from the DC prior to OIDC. App owners would create an AWS user attached to the policy to that. And then in the AWS console request the user's access keys, record those keys in an AWS credentials file typically on their laptop and then upload that credentials file to our secret store, KeyWiz. And then DC apps would be able to fetch those secrets out of KeyWiz and then use them to run as an AWS user. So this process is pretty manual. There's a lot of steps involved. There's a lot of places it could go wrong. There's a lot of places with keys could leak. And it's very unlikely that a app owner would go and refresh those user access keys. So we've had like keys that, you know, have been haven't been changed in like years. So the new method, the OIDC method involves a lot less work from app owners. So we've created a Terraform module that automatically creates this role and sets up the proper configurations for the identity provider and attaches an AWS policy to it. And all the app owner needs to do is, of course, implement that Terraform module or use that Terraform module and then add a configuration to their app. We call that the P2Manifest. So all you need to do is add a couple lines to their manifest. In this case, you can see here is an example where we specify the role that we're trying to assume into and then a name for that role. So in this case, extra role. And this is like basically the, if you were to have credentials files before, it's like a profile name. Yeah. This is all that the app owner needs to do. The rest of it is automatically done by our OIDC architecture. So let's go over how that works. So the broad overview of all the moving parts and then we're gonna break this down into smaller pieces. So we're gonna start with the P2 hook. So P2 is like our container orchestration software. So at startup, we hook, we have a hook that reads the credentials file from their manifest or the configuration and generates a credentials file, a AWS credentials file from that that's stored in the app's home directory. And then when a DC ad needs to talk to AWS, they read that credentials file and then they're inside the credentials file, we specify a credential process, which is one of the ways that you can fetch credentials when you're trying to talk to AWS. And the credential process is actually a open source tool we've written called Spifiatives Assumeral. That tool requests a jot from your Spire agent, which is signed by the Spire server and then sent off to AWS where it is verified against the cached jocks that we have in S3 with a CloudFront domain in front of it. So how do we get those jocks into S3? We have a cron that syncs the results of the Spifi OIDC discovery provider, which is provided by the Spire implementation to S3. We'll talk a little bit more about that later, but yeah, that's basically how the architecture works. The Spifi OIDC provider fetches the information from the Spire agent and we sync that to S3. So the Spire OIDC discovery provider, and it's provided by Spire. I can put it on the link for you to check out. It serves the jocks and OIDC discovery document. In our case, we serve the endpoints through an on-voice socket. Now I'm gonna talk about some tools that we've made to enable our setup. So we go more detail about the P2 hook and how that works. So again, this is a sample configuration that would be in their P2 manifest. So we have the name of the role, the Spifi OIDC test, and then the role itself, they're trying to assume. So and then below we have what the line would be, what the block would be in their credentials file. So the profile name would be Spifi OIDC test, and then the credential process calls out to the Spifi OIDC assume role with a few options. See here that we're assuming to this role, the Spifi OIDC test role with the Spifi ID of the app, Spifi OIDC test, and we specify the audience, and then the socket for the Spire agent. We also have options for specifying the region of STS and the endpoint of STS that you're trying to use. This is in case you're using a PPC. Cool, so we also wrote a cron job to sync the discovery provider to S3 buckets and so we did this because we had issues with exposing our staging endpoints to the public and AWS needs to be able to access those endpoints in staging. So instead of trying to expose our staging environment, we just uploaded everything to S3 and then used Cloud front domain. We also used custom square domains, which is possible using ACM certificates.  This also provides us with like caching of the OIDC endpoints and more availability since Cloud front can serve it from more edge servers. So we pull the jocks every 10 seconds, just in case they are refreshed by Spire, we want to keep them up to date. And then the discovery document doesn't really change, so we just pull it every 24 hours. Cool, and then our open source tool, it's 58 hours of zoom role. I'll include a link for you to check out. The tool uses spiffy jocks to assume into AWS roles. So as you saw before, it's used with a credential process option and it calls STS assume role with web identity with jocks that we retrieve from your local Spire agent. So it supports retries, it supports logging, we have metrics, there's support from VPC endpoints and you can configure the STS session duration, which I didn't show before. So that defaults to one hour and it's customizable with this tool. So cool. So in conclusion, the current status of Spiffy OIDC. So we rolled out to general availability, we just needed to make some changes to shared libraries to use the potential spells in apps home directories instead of fetching it from KeyWiz, our secret store. We're currently migrating apps to OIDC, but it's been a pretty hands-off process. Teams have really been able to do it on their own. If everybody counted any major issues, mine of blips with, you know, we have issues with connecting to CloudFront and CloudFront fetching from S3, which we're working through, but it hasn't really been a blocker. Cool, and you wanna learn more about the security infrastructure at Square in AWS and check out our developer blog and the corner blog, including two. There's a more in-depth article about AWS OIDC authentication, some articles about how we manage secrets in Lambda and how we provide identities in Lambda. Thank you.


Welcome and thank you for joining us for another fantastic episode. Today we have Pat Duffy, co-founder with The Giving Block. Pat is here to talk to us about cryptocurrency and non-profit. So stay with us. We want to make sure that you get all that you can out of Pat and his knowledge and area of expertise. But before we dive into the cryptocurrency, we of course want to make sure that you know who you are tuning into. So Julia Patrick, CEO of the American Nonprofit Academy. We would not be here if Julia did not have this grandiose idea that she thought would last two weeks. And here we are on almost two years and 400 episodes. But Julia is the CEO again of the American Nonprofit Academy. If you have not checked out that website, please do. There is a plethora of information there at theamericannonprofitacademy.com. I'm Jarrett Ransom, her sidekick, also known as the nonprofit nerd CEO of the Raven Group. And again, I am so blessed and privileged to serve alongside Julia as the co-host as we continue to have these high level conversations with thought leaders around the nation. And we would not be able to have these guests on if it weren't for our amazing presenting sponsors. Many of them have been with us now for the almost 400 episodes strong. And we are so grateful to have their investment in the shows, but truly in the sectors at large and in your community. So I like to say and remind you that these companies exist to help you do more good. So please do check them out and see how they might be able to help you move your dial forward. And again, thrilled to have today's guest talking about cryptocurrency. Pat Duffy, welcome and thank you for saying yes to joining us on today's episode. Yeah, thank you so much for having me. I'm really pumped. Okay, Pat. So give us the background story, the giving block. How did you and your partner start this? Give us some some context here as we move forward with this discussion. Yeah, I mean, as you might imagine, when we started years ago, it seemed like a pretty bad idea based on how little nonprofits were fundraising it and pretty much how big of a gap there is between the charitable sector and the crypto sector. I mean, demographic stuff still today, vast majority of users are millennials and Gen Z's, the average nonprofit employees in their 50s or 60s, depending on the poll you look at. And it was one of those things where it's almost like trying to bring soccer to the to the United States is like an analogy we use where it's just like, it's probably it's a big deal, but not a big deal here. So like, good luck changing the culture. But yeah, back then in 2018 already, we were seeing amazing stuff back to the soccer analogy in terms of like, how big of a thing crypto was already. Coinbase passed, ended up with more users at the end of 2018 than Charles Schwab, eTrade, Fidelity. We saw, you know, it was burgeoning about to be a trillion dollar asset class. And then at the end of 2017, going into 2018, we saw a few hundred million dollars get donated in cryptocurrency to charities, there were only a handful kind of in line to take it. So back then, like a few hundred million dollars, I guess for a sector doesn't seem like a whole lot. But we saw kind of the adoption how quickly the user base was growing and how little nonprofits knew about how to take it one and then two out of it effectively fundraise it consistently. So we set up the charity I was working at at the time, Alex got me into trading crypto, I got him into nonprofits. We started setting up the charities to take it and building fundraising programs. And since then, we've grown to a little over 500 clients today directly and a few thousand through through integrations. Wow. Wow. Just that short amount of time, Pat, I feel like my jaw is like on the table because you've said already so many amazing things. So the majority, and I know we're going to go into kind of like the profile of the crypto donor, but what I just heard you say is that is typically 20s and 30s. And then the staff of the nonprofit fifties will be generous. And I think that, I mean, that already is like wow. So you look at this gap, you look at the implementation gap. And already there's challenges, I think when it comes to adoption. So I'm excited to learn more and I want to share and you remind me so much of my of my friend's son. Sorry to say this, but when he was in high school, he, and this was years ago, but he did a report, a research on bitcoins. And I was, I remember sitting there going, what is Bitcoin? What is cryptocurrency? Like let's go down to the basics. What is this? And I wonder if you can do just that because I thought this guy is on to something and here he is in high school knowing way more than most other people. And now he is that 20, 30 year old, you know, age donor making contributions in this manner. So take us to the basics. Okay. For us, us old dogs, us old fogies. What is a crypto? Like what is a Bitcoin? What, what is this? How do you define that? Yeah, definitely. There's, I guess, two things for charities. One is what is cryptocurrency? And then two, I guess, why are people donating it? Which, which are two kind of separate things for what is it as a technology? I guess a good analogy would be sort of like when talkies became a thing for movies where it's sort of like the idea of movies having sound was a bit kind of paradigm shifting. It's just like, this isn't radio. This is a movie. It shouldn't have that. There's sort of a, I guess, a misunderstanding when you have existing schemata around, I guess, what a thing ought to be when you start combining aspects of different forms of, in this case, assets, people get just kind of confused because they're used to understanding currencies as currencies, gold as gold, stocks as stocks and cryptocurrencies in short, I guess, just take different features of all these traditional assets and they formed a new financial tool that serves a lot of those functions but blends a lot of the benefits. So you don't use Bitcoin, let's say, to buy a hot dog at a baseball game and people get confused about that and they're like, oh, because it's a cryptocurrency in name that would mean that the adoption curve isn't there. But then you just say to that, you'd go, okay, well, you don't use stocks and gold to buy a hot dog at a baseball game, either those are a hedge against inflation, those are stores of value, those are speculative assets, they have capital gains, taxes, you'd rather use a currency with a stable value for transactions like that. So I mean, if you just want to go down a bullet point list, the main thing that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin did was they made it possible to have a digital currency where you can actually know where it is, where it's moved and no one can claim to have a unit of it that you claim to have, no one can claim that it was transacted with the person where it wasn't. They can't change transaction records in short, otherwise you would have like when people used to torrent MP3s, you can make fake versions of digital currencies. So Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to make it impossible to make a fake one. So since Bitcoin's origins 11 years ago now, no transaction record has ever been changed, no Bitcoin has ever been claimed to exist in more than one place at a time, it's then called the double spend problem and you can't print Bitcoin like you can with the US dollar. So things like Venezuela, Germany after World War I, or even India where they just deemed half the notes invalid overnight, you can't mess with the supply and you can't cook the books. So it's a digital currency that operates really efficiently, very effectively, you can send it anywhere in the world no matter of seconds.  It's called fractional reserve. The bank is pretending that that money exists. So as a result of all those things, because you can't print that people like sitting their money in Bitcoin versus something like the dollar because the dollar inflates and gets less valuable and over the last five to 10 years Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies been the best performing asset class. Interesting. You know, I'm thinking about the nonprofit sector who has had, and you mentioned this in the chitty chat chat about how hard it was, if you think back, not that long ago for nonprofits to start taking credit cards, to have an online donate now button to do anything that's mobile technology, let alone the number of nonprofits that walk away from asset donations such as real estate, land, art, you know, other holdings, collectibles, things of that nature, because they haven't even understood how to manage this. If we keep taking that road, cryptocurrency has got to be at the back of the line for adoption. It's got to be a really tough thing. Funny enough, it's not. So as of 2018, we could do retroactive research, I never have, but even in 2018, we were first getting started. Donate Bitcoin since 2018 has been googled more than donate stocks year over year. It's already more common. The reason for that is, like a lot of people have stocks, of course, but it's not having a property asset that makes you need to donate it. It's having capital gains tax burden, which means you're trading it. So a lot of people have stocks, very few people trade stocks, and you have to trade them to accumulate burns. You have to trigger what's called a taxable event. Cryptocurrency, I say only, but a little over 200 million users, which is still a lot of people, much more actively traded, and literally every time you move between cryptocurrencies, you trigger a taxable event, and then you combine that with the volatility, the fact that it goes up and down a lot, which charities usually think is like a bad thing. It's like, no, not for a charity. Volatility is what changes the price and only changes in price will drive people to give. In short, you combine all of those things, and you have the asset type that is made in a lab for charitable giving. It's the easiest type of money to send. It's the most volatile market, meaning you have changes in price which drive the reason to give. And then you have people moving it a lot, which is accumulating that stack of capital gains tax burdens. You can offset with a charitable donation. So in short, like in the US, at the end of this year, there's going to be tens of millions of people who are not only incentivized to give crypto, but most incentivized to give crypto, making it one of the biggest donor demographics already and by far the fastest growing. Okay, so then let's have you dig into that a little bit, because I'm really interested in to kind of revisit this or amplify it. What is that donor looking like that's going to be using this? Because we in the nonprofit sectors, you know, a lot of times we have these messed up versions of what we think our donors look like. And then we just go after that demo. And it's really oftentimes a full Xerrant. Yeah, this is definitely an example of that. And it's it's nothing. It's reasonable to have the misconceptions that are there common of crypto donors. But like once you dig in, then the data doesn't suss that out. So in short, when you think about like a millennial and a Gen Z donor, it's like you can think of the traditional nonprofit value proposition. It's like this person is probably digitally valuable. They're more likely to spread events. If you're doing a Facebook fundraiser, like an online walks program, virtual everything, it's like that young donor base is spreading the word, they're probably growing your donor pot much quicker, they're bringing their friends in, they're activating around your social, but they're not going to give as much like their average gift size is probably lower than your Gen X or your baby boomer. Crypto flips that on its head just because you do have these generally speaking young people from 18 to 35 donors. But the odds of them being a millionaire is dramatically higher because again, they're in the most rapidly growing asset class, the best performing asset class of the last five years and the last 10 years. They're digitally native, they're incredibly tech savvy, they're aggressively financially literate because again, every time you move it, it's a taxable event or move into cryptos rather. So like you got to learn fast. And the assets have been performing quite well. So as a result, the average gift size on our platform, for instance, is between 10 and $11,000, which is just an average donation, despite the fact that our donors are on average in their late 20s. So, wow, I was born in the wrong time, because I would love to be in this 18 to 35, you know, asset growing range. How do we prepare for this? So I'm thinking now, and I know we have so many nonprofit leaders joining us today. And I like to ask those questions, Pat, that's like, okay, but what do we do, right? Like, how do we as a nonprofit say we want to integrate crypto, we want to invite this type of donation? How do we prepare for that? Yeah, this is our answer to that question, like comes down to also like our ethical and business philosophy around how we constructed it. We took a different approach, which makes it like the best way of putting it, I guess, is we treat crypto donors as a donor demographic, not as a donation method. So there's actually two parts of this. Usually it would be if it was a donation method, then what you want is a easy solution where you can check the box of adding crypto as an option for your donors as they go to check out and give you a gift, which is, you know, half of what we do. So that part is important. But then the second part is because it is the fastest growing donor demographic because these donors are so high net worth because the market is incredibly volatile and driving like aggressive tax incentives right now. It's uniquely important to not like take the if you build it, they will come type approach and to build an active crypto fundraising program within your comfort level. So even if that just means participating and plugging into the crypto opportunities that exist outside of yourself that are just easy to get in front of the crypto giving pledge or bag season, the end of year campaigns, all the way up to doing things like we do with American Cancer Society, Save the Children United Way build like what we call a crypto philanthropy program that can drive seven, eight figures on an annual basis. In short, the two things you need to do is one, figure out how to take it, we check that box and then two, decide how actively you want to fundraise it because in our early days, I guess, for instance, like the first 30 clients or so, we got probably 25 were already set up to take crypto, including American Cancer and Save the Children, but like didn't get donations. So what we do I guess is one, set up the solution to automatically sell it for US dollars to automatically shoot tax receipts in a compliant way, just make it really easy to set it up and add that option. And then two, we run, like I said, the crypto giving pledge, we run the corporate philanthropy programs for crypto exchanges and companies, we run Bitcoin Tuesday and crypto giving Tuesday on giving Tuesday, which is a lot of Tuesdays, when we run the community campaign for the kickoff of what is called bags using the end of year campaign. And then we build individual programs at the nonprofits. So I'm circling back over my tracks, but in short, figure out how actively you want to fundraise this stuff, or if it's like we want to check the box out of payment solution, no headaches. And then obviously do homework and on the best way to take it, hopefully you'll find that to be the giving block. And I'm curious because I'm thinking of the donor database, right, our CRM, we have become accustomed to the credit card, the check, the ongoing pledge, or what that might look like. So has the CRM side also integrated, this is a cryptocurrency donation, and this is how it's received and tracked so that we can also keep our data institutionalized in that manner. Is that already happening? Yeah, it is happening, but slowly, like we're trying to push more groups to do it. So we just did an integration with Neon, where they're just made it really easy one to seamlessly accept crypto payments and then to reconcile that within a nonprofit database. But like we want everyone, you know, Salesforce, BlackBaud, all of the different CRM offerings to have this integrated. And unfortunately, it's a very fractured market as nonprofits know you got to work with 80 different vendors just to have basic technical solutions. But yeah, we're working on getting that in place. But the nonprofit sector just like with every other technological innovation usually lags a bit behind. So we've got, you know, 95% of hedge funds invested in or diversifying into crypto now. And we've got less than 1% of charities taking it. So it'll be a bit of a learning curve for sure, but we are pushing very hard and we have full time folks on our team driving to make those CRM integrations happen. And are you seeing this also at events? I've heard of a benefit auctioneer in New York, and he was working a gala and someone, you know, said, Hey, I'll donate crypto. And he is great. Yes, we're taking crypto also. And I think little did he know they were not at that time. But you better believe that, you know, a good benefit auctioneer will say yes, absolutely. Right there on the spot, we will make this happen. Have you been to events where that has been the focus, or it has been integrated into the fundraising, where, you know, it is it is invited to to make that donation or that commitment or pledge right there on the spot at the event. Definitely. It's actually a lot easier than it seems to. It's just a you can have a QR code that opens up your donate crypto page. And they just check out through the widget like they normally would. And then it's just API is like it normally would if you want to have a live feed of how many donations are coming through right now through that source. That's like an easy thing to just have automatically generate up onto the page. But again, if you're using say, nonprofit event fundraising software, you have a specific vendor your partner with who doesn't have like an integration with us. That's probably not easy to do all the things that I described. But even for a small nonprofit, if you had like an institutional crypto account through us, you could very easily just pop that QR code up as a way to give. And then people in the crowd could just open up the page or you could have it in your pamphlet and they donate from their phone like they would with whatever other software. The resurrection of the QR codes, man, they have come back and they are here to stay. I was just I mentioned this in a previous episode, Julia, about having the QR at the bottom of, you know, a virtual event, virtual gala. And I found myself scanning my news station last night because they had the QR code to a go fund me. So I love that and the integration of that technology piece. Sometimes, Pat, we get some some live questions and this comes from our friend and I know that she's in South Carolina. So my home state and she has this question, our organization uses BlackBod, which ironically BlackBod is also in Charleston, South Carolina. How soon do you think we could integrate crypto donations? So they currently use BlackBod and asking right now, what does that timeline look like to start the implementation? Yeah, I think so. The first part of that answer is I wouldn't wait for integrations to start taking crypto one because like once we integrate, then the same solution will just plug on the back end. You might be able to update instead of just having a donate crypto page and your other ways to give drop down. You and your regular donate button BlackBod giving form, we can then add a you know, through the giving block a crypto integration there as well. It's definitely no reason to wait until you have that button instead of just like popping up a widget on a different page just because again, now is like a really good time to fundraise crypto. We're doing six figures a day. So I guess in short, I'm not sure when BlackBod will have it. We're talking to at this point, quite literally every nonprofit services companies, they have a lot of other priorities, which is reasonable and they have to balance that based on what drives the most revenue for them and the most value for their clients. Some of the groups we talked to say crypto is it and we're pushing integrations like we just did with neon now or with a bunch of companies through Q4 and Q1 of next year and then other companies, you know, it's going to take them a little while to see the value and prioritize it above everything else they're working on, but we're slowly but surely making those arguments. So get on it, don't delay, reach out to the giving blocks. They great guys and they will definitely be reaching out to learn more. Pat, this takes us to as we move in while we are in Q4, I was used to saying as we move into Q4, but here we are. How does a crypto donation impact the tax element of a donor? Yeah, we touched on this a little bit, but like the basic idea here, right, so stocks are an example, like a lot of nonprofits already take them, they're brutal to take and brutal to give right now. There are some cool companies working on it from the stocks side. The issue, I guess we lifted stocks and crypto back in 2018, but issue with stocks is they're not really actively traded and they don't have like a donor demographic. You can't really where my stocks people at at a gallon. We definitely like the natural kind of firepower of crypto in short. So like all of the press releases, the social content for the charities we work with, like it's always their best performing. I think we have one press release we've ever done with a charity on them take crypto that was out performed by another press release. They released that year. Like it's almost always the top performing content period on the tax side of it outside of like the energy and the excitement piece. The main reason donors are giving it is because they are actively trading it. They're moving into not a positions and as you trade stocks, cryptocurrency, et cetera, all of those things combine into your overall capital gains tax burden that you'll need to pay and tax at the end of the year. So in short, if you whittle it sounds like a really simple example, let's say you have a million dollars in stocks, a million dollars in crypto and a million dollars in the bank and you go, hey, I'm going to give a million dollars to a charity this year. You want to give the property asset. So either the stocks or crypto and you want to give based on which one has the greater capital gains tax burden. So which one is appreciated the most because otherwise you'll have to pay taxes. So if I give the million dollars in the bank, charity gets a million bucks, I get a million dollar right off. That's it. If I give the million dollars in stocks, charity gets a million dollars, I get a million dollar right off and let's say I erase $50,000 in capital gains taxes. If I give the Bitcoin or whatever the cryptocurrency is, charity gets a million bucks, I get a million dollar right off and you're erasing maybe 100, 150 grand in tax incentive just based on the fact that it's appreciated more. Now if your stocks appreciate more than your crypto has, then you would give that instead. So long as you're actively trading, but the use case usually lends itself to crypto being a more likely option if you're holding both assets. Okay, it's like this time has flown by and we mentioned to you, this is going to go by fast. I'm really, I feel like we haven't even scratched the surface and there's just so much here to think about. Thegivingblock.com is where our viewers can find you, where they can learn more about that. But what's the best way that we as nonprofit leaders can educate ourselves about moving forward with this? Yeah, I'd say it even goes beyond crypto. I would just recommend nonprofits have like an iterative and scheduled like innovation or innovative tech exploration plan. Like you should be sitting down and looking at things. So an example we give is because we work with a lot of universities now, like we'll talk to their endowments, their trust management type folks, and they'll be like we're not really looking at crypto. And the example that I always give is not even an example, but what we say is quite frankly, I guess we don't say this like two people's faces, but as a concept, if you're managing a pool of assets, especially a big pool of assets and you've ignored the best performing asset class for over a decade, you can't be doing your job effectively. You can say no, we're not going in like it's overvalued right now where it's not a good time to diversify into it. That's probably reasonable. But if you haven't considered it, I think we're at the point where that's unreasonable. So in short, it's not just crypto, but like looking at Venmo and Zell and Cash App, just ways that people move money, looking at ways to take stocks and other non-cash assets really effectively, mobile optimizing your site, getting your social game up to par, understanding like how ads and just different digital platforms work, just moving in that direction. So you can get on top of these trends. You don't get left behind with an aging donor base or a lack of innovative tech to keep up with the times is important. And with something like crypto, just like any other form, like I would just look at how can I take this stuff? How does it work? How big is it? And then prioritize it with other trends. So if you're not taking stocks and other things, you think that's a better play, start with that. Instead of crypto, our argument, of course, would be generally speaking, it appears that cryptocurrency is the fastest growing and most actively traded. So I'd recommend it as the first new type of donation method to take, of course, by virtue of what I do. But I would just look across donation methods and prioritize accordingly. And you also include it in your gift acceptance policy? Like is this something that needs to be added into that language? Yeah, I would say yes, please. Because the other thing is we allow nonprofits to automatically convert to US dollars. We also have nonprofits to hold it or build crypto endowments. What do we don't like seeing in some charities? Bitcoin is just going up a lot right now and it's up a ton over the last year. So they'll watch it go from 15K to 58K. And then as it's heating up, they'll be like, turn it off. Just like you should probably have not only a gift acceptance policy, but a plan if you're going to be holding it. I would say yes, in advance, it doesn't need to be complicated. But it's just like when we accept it, we're going to automatically sell for US dollars or you go, we're going to accept it and we're going to hold it all in Bitcoin or stablecoins, earning interest, whatever it would be. But that's like a thing that we can easily help nonprofits figure out what works best for them. Before we leave, I really am curious, if you could give us some names of, you mentioned the American Cancer Society, but could you give us some other names of nonprofit brands that we might be familiar with that are using this? Yeah. I'm trying to think of like bigger ones we have. We have American Cancer Society. We have United Way Worldwide, PETA, World Vision, Save the Children, I can't remember if I just said them, International Medical Corps, Team Rubicon. I'm going to miss someone significant and notable. I would love to check out their websites and see how they talk about it, how they promote it, what language and buttons and all the doodads that they might have out there. I know I have a lot of reading up to do, so I'm not so nerdy on this topic, but I want to be and that means I might need to reach out to you, Pat, because this has been fantastic, really just phenomenal to learn more about. I shared very transparently, not my area of expertise, so this is something that I was really leaning into and looking forward to learning more about.  I always love it when someone can nerd out and really just get into the topic, so passionate and you've definitely done that today, so grateful for your time and your expertise is extremely valuable, so thank you so much. Go ahead, Pat. I was just going to say, no, no, no, I was just going to say, Julian and Jared, thank you so much for having us. I appreciate it. It's been great. We had Pat's information, check out the Getting Block. Again, I'm Julia Patrick, CEO of the American Nonprofit Academy, been joined today by the nonprofit nerd herself, Jared Ransom, CEO of the Raven Group. Again, we want to thank all of our presenting sponsors. Without you, we would not be having these types of discussions, and I think we're going to have this particular discussion more, so Pat, as you see things moving forward in our sector, we really want to know what you all are seeing at the Giving Block because it's just really an exciting time for us to be looking not only at this currency, but I think the thing that you said that was the most interesting was the demographic of that donor, and understanding that gap that we have that is so substantial. And if we are only looking at this one type of donor profile, we're really missing out a future, multiple generations, actually, of donors. And so that I think is just super fascinating. Okay, Jared. I love it. I know I'm super stoked. I'm ready to learn more. So grateful. One of the things that I know many nonprofits struggle with is their aging constituency base. And so this, I think, really does help to build that donor pool and let's get this demographic engaged now, and it means cryptocurrency. So reach out to the Giving Block. Thank you so much again for your time. It's been phenomenal. It's been really great, Pat. Thank you so much. As we like to end every episode, we want to remind you to stay well so you can do well. We'll see you back here tomorrow, everyone.


The sentence starters method helps students learn how to form complete sentences. This method is also known as sentence stems. The teacher starts a sentence and leaves out a word or words for the students to fill in or complete. With young students, the teacher says the sentence starter and the students complete it by speaking. Later, when the students have learned to read and write, the sentence starters can be written. When students give their answers, they say or write the whole sentence.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA podcast, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Jamie Skado-Kataya of JSA, coming to you from Virtual PTC 21. Joining me today, my good friend Jeremy Villalobos, he is the Chief Operating Officer of Gold Connect. Jeremy, welcome to JSA TV. Thank you, Jamie. Thank you for having me. It's good to be here. Happy New Year. Happy New Year. It's so great to be here, at least virtually connecting. Hopefully one day soon in person as well. So can you please tell us a little bit about Gold Connect and your extensive network throughout the Americas? Of course. We are a Latin American carrier, but we're headquartered in the US. We have presence throughout the region, specifically in five countries, we have our own fiber optic network. So that put us in an advantage that we not only concentrate on our assets throughout the region, but we also offer unsatisfied services in the rest of the country between the Caribbean, South America, Central America, and Mexico. We have presence in every single country. And with more than 20 years of experience in the region, we have an extensive customer base and we're happy to be one of the best players in the Latin region. And for sure, one of the reasons why you guys are one of the best players in the region, your customer focus, definitely a hallmark of Gold Connect, which sort of brings us to this strategic partnership that you announced recently with Mosaic Networks, a friend of ours as well. Would you like to tell us a little bit more about that? Yeah, we are a customer-centric organization that means that we do everything we breathe is for the best of our customers because we know that time is gold, we know how important it is for our clients to support their clients on a tiny basis. And Latin America is not an easy region. So we want to make it as easy as possible. And Mosaic is an extraordinary partnership that we built at the end of last year. And it's basically to support the community in the United States. We saw that there's a deficit of support to that specific business segment. So having Mosaic as a partner right next to us, we feel confident that their reputation, they have a great knowledge of the Asian community. So instead of reinventing the wheel, we partner with them. They rely on us and we rely on them. And their synergy is just perfect. I love that, I love that. And I love when you said time is gold. How true is that? And very quick with this Gold Connect. Yeah, it's fine. So looking at time and the calendar ticking forward to 2021, what does 2021 bring for Gold Connect? Any new projects or news headlines that you want to share with us today? Yes, definitely. 2021 is going to be exciting year for us. We are heavily investing in automation, customer experience. We want to take it to another level. If you see our website, it's very different. We're trying to disrupt the way things are done in the wholesale business. That's why we call Gold Connect the new way of the wholesale connectivity, because we want to do things differently. So you can expect to have different launch throughout the year around automation, around customer experience. We have a very robust network, but we have to replicate that into access to our customers. And I'm pretty sure it's going to be exciting. But yes, we are going in that direction. It's exciting. It's been developed as we speak. And it's something in the short term. It's nothing by the end of the year. It's going to happen very soon by stages. But it's going to be something exciting. Well, buckle up, everyone, is what I'm hearing from our friend here at Jeremy from Gold Connect. Where can our viewers go to learn more and keep abreast of all this news that's coming to us shortly? Sure. Follow us on LinkedIn, Gold Connect. We are basically very active in the platform, thanks to the great support of JSA. It's amazing what you guys do for us. And yes, people can follow us there and see everything that we're doing on a daily basis. Yes, absolutely. Connect with Gold Connect on LinkedIn, a fabulous platform for them. We're proud to be part of it. Thanks, Jeremy, for the kudos and for joining us here today with our PTC 21 interview. And thank you, everyone, for tuning in to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts. And everyone, happy networking.


What's going on my beautiful lovely people of the internet. Thank you guys for coming to one of the top five facts of the day Let's get right into it number five Two bucks last known words were fuck you spoken to the police officers trying to gather information of the shooters number four The US Postal Service handles 47% of the entire world's mail number three The wolves became tamer companions and involved in the dogs about 27,000 years ago number two In Japan the likelihood of being killed by a gun is about the same as an American's chance of being killed by lightning number one The first animals in space were fruit flies launched in a rocket by the US in 1947 They were still living when they were recovered and that is it pretty much for today's countdown Hopefully I did enjoy it if you guys did remember to smack that like button also subscribe if you haven't already Let us know in the comment section below what you guys would like to see from us in the future Thank you so much for all support recently. We would love to see you next time


Hey guys, so we have just watched New Nightmare, this is a movie that Mark has been building up for quite some time. Least to say, it's different from the entire series, it is nothing like the other movies at all. For instance, Two People Die. Yeah, there's only two deaths in this movie. And I guess technically there's four, because the other two special Vex guys that died at the beginning of the game. But you don't really find out they're dead until like the third day.  Well, they kind of died on screen. They died on screen, but their deaths were just a dream, but then later on in the movie they actually die off screen. But it's also almost two hours long, and I think that's one of the issues I have with this movie. It is way too long, especially when we are spent so much time with Heather Lang. Lange Camp. Lange Camp. Who's Lange Camp? Lange Camp. Who does an incredible job at acting bad as herself. It's still probably her best performance in the series. Oh yeah, it's not. Yeah, I'll do that, but like, well it's like, well it's like when 50 Cent did his, what, get Richard Dye trying and he was terrible as himself. That takes a skill. That takes skill. But this movie, I mean the first and foremost thing you have to mention. First of all, Heather does not play Nancy, exactly. Heather plays Heather Lange Camp. This movie is like the most meta of meta movies ever, and it came out in 94, which is like before Wes Craven did the Scream, before all that changed. And it's, I love how meta this movie is. The basic premise of the film, Freddy Krueger haunts the cast of the original Nightmare on Elm Street movie while they're making another Nightmare on Elm Street movie. Wes Craven's in it, rest in peace. It's actually kind of sad.  Yeah, it was actually really sad because you could see that he had like, he was a soft-spoken person, and just hearing him talk about it just because he's been dead for over two years now. It was actually, the scene had an unexpected sadness to it. Yeah, it was a little bummed me out a bit too. That had Rob Shea. But it's got Bob Shea, it's got Lynn Shea, shows up again. Italian-Mexican guy. He didn't do anything. He literally, they just did a headshot of him. But John Saxon's back in the movie. Oh, you're dead. I'm not dying again. I'll admit that. If I'm correct, this is one of the first movies that really did this, did this whole acknowledging that, the whole idea of a film life, like putting a movie within a movie. I'm sure it had been done before, but it's the first time, especially with horror, that it really went that way. It goes way further than it would expect it to, which it's actually kind of disturbing it how well it does this, and just, that's one thing that kept me going throughout the whole movie. Oh, all these meta-emages, like all the little hidden parts that are thrown into the movie from previous films, all the characters coming back, especially how the movie morphs into a movie at the end. So she goes through this whole thing and all these things happen. They have a lot of cool throwback moments, like the baby sitter gets killed and dragged across the ceiling, in a rotating room like Tina in the first movie.  And then you don't get that that's a callback right away. And then he calls her Nancy, but he doesn't like, as he's leaving, it's kind of subtle. You don't really notice they're not paying attention. And it's really cool the way they just kind of all of a sudden you realize they're in a movie in a dream and it's like super inceptiony dreams. Oh, yeah, exactly. There's definitely some inception moments. However, that novelty, I guarantee is not there as much on the second viewing on a repeated viewing. You haven't seen this in. Yeah, it's been a long time. Exactly. So that works for you. But I swear, if we were to watch this like a month or two, like, not even like a month, like, yeah, definitely like a month from now, there's no way I would this would have been as enjoyable. Like, that's the problem. It uses its novelty to its advantage. But at the same time, it's such a rare kind of novelty. It's like a twist ending in a movie, especially a movie that relies so heavily off of a twist, like say the rest of the movie isn't really that great, but the twist in it is pretty decent. That's what happens. You replay the rewatch ability is diminished entirely. And that's what I feel for this movie. This movie has some really cool. Elements, but honestly, when the ending, when we came to the ending and Freddie's chasing her kid and I sat to Mark, what's actually happening? Like, what is the point of this? He's like, oh, there's really no point. Yeah, there isn't. There's really no point to what he's doing.  And since 91, when the movies ended, he was just kind of wandering. And he started coming into the real world, but still being Freddie. And the only way to stop him is to make this movie to contain him again. So it's kind of, it's kind of like a ring thing. Like create the, like keep the thing going or whatever.  I just, I really do like this movie. I like the idea. I like the changes in Freddie. I thought the Freddie makeup, the makeup, it's super cool. It's like a new, we actually get two new claws because the first one, the metal one that's really cool that does the like Adam family cousin. Yeah, is it cousin it or is that the hairy one? Or is it thing? Thing, it might be thing.  Like it's a very cool. That was a cool thing. I'll admit that was cool. And also I actually liked Freddie in the trench coat. Not with the hat. Yeah, he didn't like the trench coat. With the, when he, when he had the hat, he looked like a senior citizen walking around with some butter knives on his hand. But otherwise I liked this movie. I liked all the elements that it tried. I just couldn't watch this again with the same sort of interest. It, I would rather watch, I would definitely rather watch one or three. One or three again? Because that's the thing too. There's almost no special effects in this movie. Yeah, there's. There's terrible CG. The first, the first we get, we get a little bit of CG. That's awful. I will say, another, another cool thing that meant there are earthquakes feature a lot in this script. That's cool. And it was shot right around the time of big earthquake in LA. So they actually like have footage of their like the movies. Super post. The like movies post earthquake footage. Super real earthquake footage. Super, which makes it even more meta. There's some good scares. There's some good scares, but the lack of special effects, which is what made these movies so good. Yeah. The kid is derpy. I, I was, I was, he got better. He got, he got better. Niko Hughes is great in this movie. He's a kid and it's the first time in this series we actually have like a legitimate kid that Freddie is going after. The guy who plays her husband can't act. No, he's terrible. He's, he was, he was not very good. Super wooden with his lines. And it's fun seeing Robert Englund as Robert Englund. With the glasses, the Bono glasses. His Bono glasses. And like even the first time when he's the Freddie, he's doing the crowd thing and he's running around.  He's super jovial. So it was fun getting to watch him. It was fun watching all these people get to play themselves in a movie and like they bring in a few other kind of like meta things to it. One of the storylines is Heather Langerkamp in the movie has a stalker, which is based on the fact that she really did have a stalker in real life. And Wes Craven asked her if she could put it in the movie. I will say, I think I felt the time a little more this time around. It's probably the fifth time I've seen this movie. And it doesn't help that we got off of work about two like at midnight. It was a long day of work. But, um, maybe her, maybe her. But I really, I do like this movie. I think it's well done. I didn't remember that there was this few deaths. Which I, which is a good thing, I guess, because I remember the movie being kind of scary and they got some, they have a good jump scare with the closet, which is a great moment. And, uh, the special effects at the end of the movie are cool, where he does the like be the huge mouth. Oh, the mouth, the mouth thing, that was spooky. That was, that was spooky. But the problem, just my main issue is that how long it took to get there. And then the novelty of the whole thing was starting to wear off on me. I like the idea. I'm not a fan of the idea, but I appreciate what he was trying to do with this. And, uh, I don't know, I just, uh, yeah, I, it's so, it's such a unique idea and horror. Like this type of thing doesn't happen very often. No, God, no. And it definitely doesn't happen with someone as adept as Wes Craven. Like I've seen other movies that do the whole movie within a movie and things like that. And this is different, I'll give it that. It's totally different from any of those other productions. But in the end, um, well, for ratings, I think this is the first time we're gonna be really different. But I would give New Nightmare 4 out of 7 my rating. It's still my second favorite in the series of the main series, not including a favorite station.  But it's not, it doesn't, it's as revolutionary as in all that. It won't ever have the staying power for me that the first one did. So, but I'm still gonna give it a six because I really like this movie. I think this movie is, I love this movie. Oh yeah. So that now leaves one more. And I keep forgetting we are gonna do that one, but that means we are going to do the remake. The remake. Which star Jackie Earl Haley. Jackie Earl Haley. And the first time we're gonna see someone play the Nightmare version of Freddy Krueger that isn't Robert England because we've seen a couple of kids play him now. But, and it's got a lot of like, what's her name? She's from Arrow. Hmm. I don't know. It's got some local. It's got a lot of, got some local actors and like blur out here all the time. I'm interested to see if it's worse than Freddy's dad.   All right. It's probably not worse than Freddy's dad. No, okay, that would be hard to do. That'd be hard to top. But I do like this one. This redeems the series for me. Oh yeah. It's a great way to end the series. It ends it on a positive note. I'll give it that. And I mean, not the remake, New Nightmare just clarifying that. I'm not going anywhere in the way. All right guys, so we will see you when we do the new, sorry, the remake of Friday, Freddy.  He only fell asleep once this time though. Yeah, once and just like for like 10 seconds. Anyways, and then we will decide what we do next. I still, I wanna do the Friday series. I do too, because I actually have never seen any of them except Jason X. I don't know why. That's literally the worst way you could watch it. I really wanna see the Friday movies. Let's watch the worst one in the series. And then we, after we do all of Friday and the remake of Friday, which I don't hate. We will get to Freddy versus Jason. So that's probably 2019. Yeah, some were very far away. Thanks for sticking with us this long. We appreciate it and we'll see you later. See you guys later. You're the music.


The Skinwalker Ranch is a section of land approximately 480 square acres in size, just southeast of Ballard, Utah. Over the years, countless stories of paranormal activity, encounters with strange animals, UFOs, and even animal mutations have been reported from within the ranch. Some of these experiences ranked as some of the most compelling paranormal events ever recorded. The Utes, an old Native American tribe, fought to expel the Navajo from the Skinwalker Basin shortly before the arrival of white settlers. The Navajo would retreat from the basin, but not before cursing the ranch with the presence of a shapeshifting demon. The Myers family settled in the ranch in 1905, making a small homestead on the property. Although they didn't ever publicly report strange creatures or occurrences, they would abruptly abandon their newly built property some short years later, opting to quietly and quickly move far away. When the Sherman family moved to the ranch in 1994 to breed cattle, they were startled by the impressive array of bolts that covered the doors and windows of the main house. Recalling a 2002 quote, there were dead bolts on both sides of the doors. Even the kitchen cabinets had bolts on them, and at both ends of the house, iron stakes and heavy chains had been installed. We guessed the previous tenants had positioned large guard dogs in the front and back of the home, but at the time we had no idea why. It wouldn't be long before they would understand. Within a few days of moving in, their livestock started being visited by vicious, strange creatures apparently immune to harm. The Shermans would get a good look at one of these beasts, reporting that it appeared to be a large wolf. When shot with a rifle, the bullets had no effect.  Other reports from the Shermans' time on the ranch included shafts of light rising like pillars from the ground, fields mysteriously lighting up like stadiums, massive semi-visible shapeless entities also terrorized the family, and multiple people often simultaneously heard a deep, incomprehensible, disembodied voice speaking to them seemingly from above. Large disturbances in their home left the family with no safe place, eventually opting to all sleep huddled together on the floor of one room. The final straw was when Terry Sherman sent his three dogs to chase glowing blue orbs into the woods, all subsequently being killed by the spheres. Cattle mutilations have also been a large part of the folklore of the surrounding area for decades. They became so frequent, in fact, the National Institute for Discovery Sciences founder Robert Bigelow purchased the land in 1996. His purchase was with the intentions to undertake extensive investigations within the ranch, an investigation mysteriously funded. Which to this day has been a literal media blackout, even closing down a public road running through the vicinity. A move objected by the locals, you have to wonder what they found. Since the moment of the purchase, no subsequent activities within the ranch have been reported or even admitted to. The National Institute for Discovery Sciences maintaining a complete denial of any new events upon the ranch to this day. Not only has a multi-million dollar operation been undertaken within the ranch, but whatever they found, it seems they decided would be better withheld from the general public. As always, thanks for watching guys, until next time, take care. Has ancient alien technology finally been discovered within Russia? According to several talented UFO enthusiasts, along with a number of scientists, that is exactly what has happened. A team from Princeton University in America and the University of Florence in Italy have discovered a quote, quasi-crystal, so named because of its unorthodox arrangement of atoms found within a meteorite from a remote region of northeastern Russia. This crystal long thought impossible to be formed naturally due to being too energetically unstable and atomically manipulated. When the team discovered that the meteorite contained this mysterious ancient intelligently designed material, they merely moved the gold posts, simply stating that it can indeed be formed naturally. Technically, scientists describe quasi-crystals as quasi-periodic, being manually ordered no longer found on the periodic table. Although they exhibit a pattern that fills all available mass continuously, they lack what scientists and mathematicians term translational symmetry. Simply put, they are not naturally occurring materials. The meteorite in which it was found is believed to be around 4.5 billion years old, yet alas when it picked up this perplexing and possibly alien passenger may remain unknown. UFO enthusiasts and scientists alike have previously hypothesized that evidence for alien life would, in all possibility, be found in a form such as this. Pointing out that quasi-crystals, being a novel form of matter, should actually be seen as artifacts of alien artificially created technology. No one has ever been able to explain how quasi-crystals can be formed by natural processes, and no one is ever likely to. It just does not happen. They're forbidden symmetry, making them impossible to be formed naturally. The only other known quasi-crystals, besides those found in the Chokotka meteorites, were only recently synthesized within laboratory conditions by scientists. Being very hard, with low friction characteristics, also a low heat conduction, quasi-crystals are a very useful product used in a wide range of high-speed technologies, such as the coatings of airplanes and stealth fighters. Newtime Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling, the idol of the American Chemical Society, and one of the most famous scientists in the world, argued till his last days against quasi-periosity in crystals mere existence. He didn't even believe we would ever manage to create it. Does this sound like a naturally occurring material to you? How did this complex material end up on and within an ancient meteorite? Did this lump of space debris once collide with an alien craft, somewhere out there in deep space? It seems, regardless of what certain scientific bodies would have you presume, that is, indeed, the most likely scenario. In the past, whenever an artifact or ancient ruin was to rear its unexplainable head, funded parties would scramble to quickly rebury them within museum archives or to simply ignore and not publicly share such discoveries. As such, many of the sites that we cover here upon our channel are not only notoriously difficult to track down and study, but are also very often unfamiliar to our many viewers. One continues their way through the same journey as you and I. By perusing the many subjects we have already covered, the feelings of confusion as having never been confronted with said locations and data therein actually becomes a sense of predictability and a symptom of a much larger conspiracy. As we push on with more and more sites and artifacts, further compounding the proof of this cover-up and deepening our evidential arsenal regarding this ignored and in some cases suppressed history upon our planet, it is inevitable that sooner or later the movement will indeed begin to move. And this is our mission. The Inga Stone, located in the middle of the Inga River in Paraba State, northeast of Brazil, an artifact like any other which has an unexplained and possibly controversial history is little known to the world. It is a rock formation which covers an area of approximately 250 meters squared. However, upon this enormous rock is an unknown language with, quite possibly, an untold story. 46 meters long and 3.8 meters high, there are etchings made all over this stone whose meanings, although extensively studied by some of the best minds on the planet, remain unknown and undeciphered. Several figures are carved in low relief, illustrations of animals, fruits, and human constellations like Orion and our very own Milky Way can be seen. Scholars presume that it was created by natives that lived in the area until the 18th century, although any compelling evidence to support this claim has yet to surface. Thought to depict animals, fruits, weapons, humans, possible ancient aircrafts or birds and what appears to be a table of contents with stories divided into sections with each symbol connected to the number of a chapter, what it says is not known. Ignatius Rolem, professor of Greek and Latin theology, argued the symbols were similar to ancient Phoenician carvings, while others felt the symbols were related to ancient ruins. An additional popular hypothesis is, of course, ancient aliens, since the Inga's symbols were so different to any others found. Some researchers, such as Claudio Quintans of the Parabino Center of Ufology, has postulated that a spaceship landed in the Inga area during this ancient time and the symbols were probably drawn by these extraterrestrial guests. An incredible stone, with a history we may one day unravel. Since the incident at Roswell, many UFO enthusiasts have been certain that Earth has been visited by extraterrestrial beings. Many claiming that the incident was indeed a UFO crash and that the US government not only covered the event up but seized the craft and have been busily attempting to reverse engineer this technology ever since. These claims have been verified by a number of claimed whistleblowers who say they have worked on such projects at none other than Area 51 at Groom Lake. Once these claims were made, the CIA, along with many other bodies of US government, have begun to release hundreds of files, including witness testimonies of countless military personnel and civilians, testimonies in satellite and radar tracks made by individuals who have either had an encounter or have experienced unexplainable events connected to mysterious craft, often moving at seemingly impossible speeds or shutting down missile silos, these events would undoubtedly be a worry to the powers that be. The concern is that a hostile nation may have developed or successfully reverse-engineered these technologies in secret. However, there is also overwhelming evidence to suggest that these sightings were not of man-made craft, but indeed that of extraterrestrial life. For not only are these craft witnessed over sensitive military complexes, but a number of experiences have also surrounded schools, two of which we thought were compelling enough to bring to the forefront of our studies, this due to the number of eyewitnesses and what their testimony suggests. Although the accounts from a school in Zimbabwe were initially discredited, regardless of the fact that over 20 students witnessed a craft land in the school field, with the students subsequently going to meet the landing craft, and being no more than arms-reach from the beings that emerged, many scientists and psychologists have attempted to discredit the event by putting it down to mass hysteria. The witnesses to this event continue to argue that it did indeed occur. Furthermore, supporting their claims, other encounters have been experienced at other schools around the globe. At approximately 11 a.m. on Wednesday, the 6th of April 1966, students and a teacher from Westall High School in Australia reported seeing a flying object, described as a gray or silvery-green saucer-shaped craft with a slight purple hue and about twice the size of a family car. According to the students, the object was descending, overflew the high school, and disappeared behind a stand of trees. Approximately 20 minutes later, the object reportedly reappeared, climbed at speed, and departed towards the northwest. Some accounts describe the object as being pursued by five unidentified aircraft. Thanks to these, and thousands, possibly millions of other testimonies from people of countless disciplines, the acceptance that these craft exist has been forced upon the U.S. government and other governments globally. It would seem full disclosure rather than the trickle we see now is not a case of if, but is now one of when. It is a pursuit of truth which we find highly compelling. We don't usually cover the regular, unusual anomalies found by the countless Amity UFO investigators out there who are tirelessly combing the terrain in and around our neighboring planets, moons, and asteroids in a search for possible alien craft, artificial structures, or even ancient ruins. Although some of these formations can indeed be intriguing, they're often easily disregarded as mere natural formations. However, our next anomaly, we believe, could be seen as a considerable mystery. Since its launch on the 9th of March 2003, the probe explorer Hayabusa has completed several interplanetary flybys, traveling a total of 2 billion kilometers to arrive at an asteroid known as Itikawa, or more precisely, 25143 Itikawa. On September 12, 2005, successfully carrying out numerous scientific observations of the asteroid since then. However, what is astonishing regarding this new research is what has been found within these new images taken of our space-travelling neighbor. It seems, during its enormous orbital journey around the cosmos, it's picked up an unusual passenger. Clearly, no normal space debris. This mysterious object, now perched or possibly impaled upon the front of the asteroid, looks for all the world like an artificial satellite. A huge, perfectly spherical object, with three clearly distinct yet not too damaged legs or more likely receiver antenna protruding from the area which impacted the asteroid. It's resting upon the so-called Wumera Desert District of the Space Rock and was clearly not there the last time it was photographed. Could this object possibly be a satellite from an alien planet? Maybe still active, did the asteroid have an extremely close call with a possible alien neighbor, avoiding an impact we would have never learned of? Hideo Itakawa is a Mars crosser asteroid, and interestingly it was the first asteroid to be the target of a sample return mission by a space-going nation and is still the smallest asteroid ever photographed. It was discovered in 1998 by the Linear Project and was given the provisional designation 1998 SF-36. However, in August 2003 it was officially named after Hideo Itakawa, a Japanese rocket scientist. Maybe Hideo spotted something. The object it now carries is clearly not of normal formation. Not only does it not look natural, but displays a symmetrical design, similar to those found within our own artificial objects, such as satellites. And due to this object being caught floating through space, just like our own satellites do, it's undoubtedly a very compelling anomalous object. Was this small asteroid chosen for the first major exploratory program above all other asteroids, because the Japanese knew something we didn't? Just what could this object be? We just hope they explore it further, and whatever they discover they share it with the world. Hideo Itakawa Many people believe that the brightest human of our modern age was not in fact Einstein, but was actually a man who died penniless and alone, with only his pigeons for company. A man who went by the name Nikola Tesla. When Einstein was once asked how it felt to be the smartest human being on Earth, he famously retorted, I don't know, you will have to ask Nikola Tesla. Throughout Tesla's life, he invented many things which have been of tremendous value to humanity. Yet many still believe that his most valuable of inventions were suppressed, whisked away into secret vaults at the time of his death. A life's work, postulations, theories, hypothesis, experiments, and inventions all concealed from the world, hidden with the motive of protecting a status quo which is moved and shook by some extremely powerful individuals. Individuals whose empires have slowly but surely gained a stranglehold upon the resource distribution, and indeed the technological advancement of mankind as a whole. Technical advances in communication and travel have only extended these tentacles of control across the globe. Nikola Tesla often spoke of an invention which he claimed would save the world, a machine making energy free for all, yet alas, for some, this particular area of his work is not our main item of interest tonight, but rather his possible experience of a close encounter with aliens and his subsequent invention which became famously known as an IFO. He eventually gained a patent on the peculiar aircraft which he called the world's first flying saucer. Interestingly, the interior design of the flying saucer matched that of descriptions made by some who have claimed to have seen a UFO from the inside. With a discoidal capacitor that he believed was of sufficient enough to provide enough thrust for the craft to fly. The design included other inventions which he claimed would have allowed the pilot complete control over the direction of the craft. Tesla even decked out the interior of the ship with flat screen television screens and external video cameras for the pilot's blind spots. However, although the patent was indeed granted, the craft lacked a primary power source. Whether or not Tesla had actually developed this and kept it secret is unknown. Clearly a sophisticated and well thought out craft which has conveniently slipped into the archives of history, or quite possibly black projects involving secret aircraft developments by the American government. Where the idea for this came from is unknown, however, author Tim R. Swartz along with many other researchers and even Tesla himself claims that he was once contacted by aliens via transmissions from outer space. According to Swartz's book The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla, Tesla at one point was developing a powerful radio antenna designed to monitor thunderstorms in Earth's skies. While testing the device, Swartz claimed that Tesla overheard radio transmissions he believed were actually extraterrestrial communications. Quote, he wondered at the time if he wasn't listening to one planet greeting another, as he put it. From that point on it became somewhat of an obsession of his, to build better and better radio receivers to try to see if he could repeat what he heard. He got to the point where he claimed that he was actually receiving voice transmissions. He said it sounded just like people talking back and forth to each other. He made notes saying that he was actually hearing intelligent beings from another planet talking to each other, although he didn't know what language they were speaking. But he still felt he understood them. End quote. Swartz claims that the book was written using sensational data obtained from the inventor's most private papers, kept under wraps by the military and big business concerns of America. Regardless of the actual facts surrounding the origin of the IFO, Tesla was undoubtedly a remarkable human being, one who gave the world some remarkable things. Thanks for watching guys, and until next time, take care.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here So we'll be talking about scream 7 in this video here today kind of framing a Narrative in which the killers in scream 7 cannot only be after Sam and Tara Carpenter But they can also be after people like Gale Weathers and Sydney Prescott so in this idea of mine, I am thinking of two killers we're going back to just two and One primarily will be after the likes of Sydney and Gale mostly Sydney the other one will be after the likes of Sam and Tara and have something against those two so With scream 7 I'm thinking about What if Sydney Prescott in between the events of 6 to 7 maybe she was working on this a little bit in 5 She's written another book now my friend actually came up with that idea But I'm doing some tweaks of my own to kind of flesh it out a little bit more now During a book signing event Let's say this is something that went on after the events of scream 6 During a book signing event for one of her new book releases Sydney Prescott She's attacked by someone wearing the ghost face mask because this person was Influenced by the theories about Sam being responsible for screen 5 So this individual thinks that Sydney was able to frame Billy and stew despite the evidence that would say otherwise This person is also obsessed with conspiracy theories and true crime Sydney would kill this person in self-defense at the book signing You won't learn about this though until later in the movie I will say that in the opening of screen 7 the opening kill I would say is going to be Christina Carpenter. She's murdered on set of Gale's new true crime series Which we know will be about Woodsboro the limited series is stalled after Christina's death Sam and Tara end up coming to the filming locations just for the sake of this video I'm gonna say is Modesto after they hear about Christina's death Sydney's involvement is Sparked after her attempts at hiding are rendered useless once more because ghost face finds her and abducts one of her kids Thus she is going to come to Modesto to get her child back a very easy way to get Sydney involved In the end you would find out that our two killers are Tara's dad and a newbie character that we meet in the movie Related to the book signing victim attack that Sydney went through a few years ago or a year or two ago Now this character is related to the victim hates people like Sam hates people like Gale hates people like Sydney Tara Mindy Kirby Chadd etc. You see the theme here. They hate the survivors All these people to them are people who inspire the worst in others like the conspiracy theory lunatics that we saw in Or that we would learn about related to his his his sibling who went after Sydney Prescott at a book signing because she thought that Or they thought that Sydney Prescott actually managed to get away with the events of 96 because this was brought on by what happened in scream in scream 6 and the rumors that were going around about Sam This person who's related to that victim is also from Woodsboro They have always thought this that the survivors didn't deserve to live because as long as they do It's only a matter of time before it starts again and someone else loses a loved one Then Gale will be there to profit off it as always It's a cycle that keeps going on and on and on and they just want this cycle to stop Tara's dad would be the accomplice who is in on it because the relative of the book signing victim managed to track them down He would have convinced him to assist which was easy because during their monologuing We would learn through Tara's dad explaining that Christina had tried to reconnect with him after the events of scream 6 And revealed to him that she knew what Billy and Stu were doing back in 1996 which to him was an even bigger type of no-no because not only did you keep this secret from me about my daughter You're telling me you knew about what this man was doing back in 96 because in another twist We would find out that Christina was actually planning to leave this man after Billy got away with doing what he was doing in 96 but of course he died so she never got to do that she instead decided to Commit to the man she was with which is Tara's dad decided to lie to him to tell him that this is this is her kid And not not or that this is his kid and not Billy's So Tara's dad is also of course very mad at Christina for lying to him and taking the anger out on his kids Mostly Sam in this instance Sam reminds him of the man He cannot stand out at this point, which is Billy Loomis So he thinks that Sam and Tara also could turn out just like Christina Which in my mind could be him seeing them as loose girls. They have no respect for men. That's all I'll chalk it up to So your deaths in between this would be the cast of the true crime series and a few survivors from wasboro Some of the cast that I'm thinking up in my mind includes Sidney Sweeney Brandon Pirea charisma carpenter Sadie Sink, Laquice, Laquice Stanfield and As far as like the overall goal of the killers, they're not gonna be anybody who wants to get away with it They actually want to get caught. They don't want to get away with it These people see these people think of themselves as heroes in the long run. They think that they're doing the world of favor They're tired of the exploitation. They're tired of all this stuff happening because these people are Survivors continue to live as long as they live It's only a matter of time before it trickles down into impacting someone else's life like it always has and the book Signing victim is going after Sidney because of the fact that the person she killed in self-defense once again Was their relative and this is someone who unlike that relative hates true crime thinks it corrupts people's minds similar how it did their siblings and They just are tired of all the exploitation. They think that the survivors for the longest time have not deserved to live They are from Woodsboro. I mean in a lot of ways, it's it's echoing back to some of the stuff We did hear in scream for we heard the crowd outside of Olivia's house saying Saying I thought this was over and then heckling said y'all you're just like your mother So there's there's got to be somebody in Woodsboro who could snap because they're just sick of this stuff It's finally come to their front porch And they are sick of it and they want to put it into it all By going after all the survivors eliminating any and all loose ends the backdrop of it Yes, with parallel scream 3 putting it in a true crime series type of deal type of deal and Going from it going off of it from there So the book signing relative would be the one targeting Sidney and Gail Weathers primarily and then Tara's dad their accomplice would of course be along for it because he was persuaded into it after What he had learned from Christina and all the anger he has pent up in him Towards Christina in the anger about Billy and he goes after his own kids because he's just at this point And he thinks that the girls are gonna end up just like Christina They're gonna end up loose and have no respect for men you guys can let me know what you think about this down the comment section below I recognize that yes, it might not be the neatest But if you have any ideas on how to improve this of course chiming down the comment section below Or if you think of any positives from this, but you would take it in a different route Also chiming on those down in the comment section below. Just let me know your thoughts on this theory I thought of it just out of the blue while sitting down on my lunch break today And I wanted to make a video on it to share with you guys and get the feedback I shared it with a few of you before I even made the video and some of you told me that you loved it So again, let me know what you think about this down in the comment section below If you have an array of course make sure you go ahead and subscribe turn on post notifications So that you never miss a video in the description. I will have links to all my social media accounts I'm on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there of course to let me know if there are any movies news or reviews You'll have to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


My heart was made dark with grief, and whatever I looked upon was death. My homeland was to me a prison, a father's house, a place of unhappiness to stun the heart, and whatever I used to share with my friend, without him became a cruel torment. My eyes sought him everywhere, and he was not to be found. And I hated all things because he was not there, and they could not say to me, look here he comes, as when he was alive and had been away for a time. Weeping was the only thing I found sweet, and it took the place of my friend and my soul's delights.


This is Melissa with the stock solution. I'm here reviewing the Target put. This was one that I had done an option letter in, and it was out till March 17th. Today is the 9th. It's got a week. And it is, wow, 57 was the strike. Actually, I gave two, 58 and 57s. I think most people did the 57s. It's $2, 2 and 1 half bucks under the strike. And you could have shorted day traded this. This was such a great, I knew this was. I told you, I even told the room. And as a day trade, it did not work. But I said, this is an amazing gap, people. But it was a loss on the day as a day trade. I said, this is a good one. Boom. And look at it. It's still going. Now again, how did I know that? Because of my system. How do I know it? Because of the gap rating. Because of the gap rating. Because of the gap rating in here. And I rated the gap, and it was a good gap. So I knew it would fall through and continue. And it didn't make any sense that it didn't work that day. Other than the fact that the bottom line is that people that are day traders love to do gap fills. That doesn't work as a strategy consistently. To make money, it also never fills the gap anyways. What happened was people sold off into this. And then no more selling happened on that day. But the selling came off after the fact. Because the fact is, the stock really did open on that day. And still close on that day at 58, 77, which everybody saw, you saw that. So if you didn't sell anymore, if you didn't sell out of it that day, even after the day closed, you see this. And if you're in it long, you see the fact that it's there.  And you sell it. And it's being sold all the way down. It's being sold. It's being shorted.  I mean, I did say, gosh, it's through 55, 52. There's so many different numbers in sight for this. So again, we had a discussion in this the other day. And we did a video on this then. You didn't do the put in this. You didn't do it. If you were here with me this week, you would have done it the week I called it. Philip did it and he got out of it. And he's probably upset. He's still not in it. But do you see how that's crazy? Because he ended up making $1,600 in it. But he could have made probably another 1,000. Actually, no, he had 4,000 shares. And so it's $2.5 in the money. No time value. Let's just see what he would have made if he'd still be in it. 10 grand, he would have made. But his problem is that he doesn't take profits. So you don't have that problem. You don't have that problem. You just are not doing all the trades.  Yeah. Like, yeah, I think I will. But you still have to have the right correct money management for these, you know? It's a good call. It was a good call. You know why it was a good call because of this? Because of this? That's on Friday too. No, it was a Thursday. I made the call on the Friday. Thursday was the gap. Friday then was the day that I made the options call, yes, in the open in the morning. Or maybe I sent it out that night, but I might have sent it out after 4 or something to do it the next day. I don't remember if I did it early in the morning or late at night. Anyways, you know why this works. It's just you're not used to looking at charts enough.  You got to look at the chart. You're going to rate the gap. You rate the gap. And if the gap rates good, you can do it as a swing trading to do as an option trade. You can do it as a day trade. You got to, if you rate the gap, it's going to give you the conviction. Yeah, this is good. And then you're not going to be bothered by this thing here. See, this is what set everybody off, but it was a great call and it didn't set me off. And this is where you're going to get it when you get the conviction and you're doing it. But you called it before the gap. I did, but no, no, no, I didn't call it before the gap. I didn't do it. No, no, no, no, no, no. I didn't call it before the gap. You had to wait for it to gap and then you rate the gap. What do you mean? Oh, I thought, look at the charts, I can't really say. That's okay. I might have said in the room, I think this is going to gap down, but I didn't give, I didn't tell anybody to do anything or make a, I might have said this is probably going to gap down or something, but I didn't make the option call till this day. Oh, to that, oh, to that red bar. Yes, but I think I said, this looks like a good one. I don't think I, we were looking at it. We were, yes. That was the week before when you were in the room. I said, oh, let's wait, let's wait, let's wait, but this looks good. And then boom, because remember the one guy was going long it, remember? He was going long list and here's a swing trader said, oh my goodness, don't go long it, boom. And then it gap down and I said, you didn't go long it, did you? And he said he was long it, but he killed it. He like, scrapped it, but, you know, it was not a long anyways. This looks like it's going to zero. So, so anyways, it's very, very interesting because there's very few options trades that I've called to the downside. You're right about that in this bullish market. That's it too. Yeah, but if I do, then it's good, yeah. If I do, then chances are there's something that I see that's noteworthy, but you can always go and rate the gap yourself. And then if you like it, you do it. And if you don't, you don't. Do you know what I'm saying? Okay. All right, this is Melissa with the stocks twist. Just looking here at the target, it's amazing. It's really, really good. Have a great day everyone. And email me at melissathestockswish.com for more information.