Sweden did play this role of the contrarian. It was a very inconvenient counter example to all these other countries in the world that had locked down. And this was the kind of coverage that you would see the New York Times in July, 2020, Sweden has become the world's cautionary tale. You had them saying that Sweden put stock in the sensibility of its people. And for that grave sin, the coronavirus is blamed for 5,420 deaths, which is 40% more than the US per million people, 12 times more than Norway, seven times more than Finland, six times more than Denmark. We heard a lot of these comparisons to Sweden's Nordic neighbors in particular. Donald Trump was out there tweeting, Sweden is paying heavily for its decision not to lock down. The United States made the correct decision. We've got a clip from Trump that we're going to play here where he's making essentially the same point. Let's roll that. Now, they talk about Sweden, but Sweden is suffering very greatly. You know that, right? Sweden did that. The herd, they call it the herd. Sweden's suffering very, very badly. It's a way of doing it. But everybody has been watching everybody else. And so far, almost every country has done it the way we've done it. We've chosen to do it. If we didn't do it that way, we would have lost hundreds of thousands of more people, OK? And then I want to get your reaction in a second, Johan. But first, just back to back with that clip, I want to play a clip of what you were saying in that same period. That was from April 7, 2020. This was from about a week later what you were saying about the experience in Sweden and how people should think about it. Let's roll the clip of Johan from April 2020. My personal point of view, I'm not an epidemiologist. I can't even pronounce the word. It seems like I'm obviously not an expert when it comes to these issues. But so far, I'm broadly sympathetic to the Swedish model. Restricting freedoms might be necessary during pandemics, but only when we have good reasons to assume that this will help us when it comes to our long-term health. And when we don't know, I think we can do what we do know. As Johan Stewart once put it, in every instance, the burden of making out a strong case lies not on those who resist, but on those who recommend government interference. So that was a very humble and cautious defense of Sweden's approach. What was it like for you during that time period cautiously defending Sweden amidst this firestorm of criticism of the country's approach? Yeah, we weren't popular at that time. And both foreign friends and foreign media got in touch and asked me, are you all crazy?  Because there's a pandemic, and it seems like you haven't noticed. So I had to explain, not myself, but I had to explain the Swedish model again and again. And I think, precisely for this reason, exactly what Donald Trump talked about here, that everybody did it. Everybody accepts Sweden locked down societies entirely. And then in that case, first of all, why did they do it? And it seemed like Trump didn't have much more of a suggestion than everybody did it. So we didn't. That's actually exactly what researchers say when they look into this. The moment when societies locked down was not related in any way. It was impossible for researchers to find any kind of correlation with the state of transmission of the virus, geographical location, number or capacity of the health care system, and things like that. The one thing it correlated with was, what did the neighbors do? What did countries close by? You did. So it seems like it was a bandwagon effect. Rather than looking into the data, the research, and doing a cost-benefit analysis, people just did it. Because obviously, if you make a mistake and the country suffers, it's OK. If everybody did the same mistake, then you can say, we had no alternative. We just had to lock down, for example.  And so countries just panicked into this kind of lockdown policy. And Sweden was the one place where that didn't happen. It was, I mean, in a sense, that was a huge risk, right? That it requires a certain, I think, courage on the part of Swedish pandemic authorities. I think it did, especially because they would be the ones to blame if things went wrong. And but what they were saying all the time is that it isn't us who have taken this risk. We're the one place that actually didn't enter into an unprecedented panic position of locking down entire societies, economies, schools, like that. Health authorities had war-gained pandemics before the World Health Organization and others. And no one has suggested that we should lock down entire societies. But then suddenly when this happened and China started to lock down and then Italy, everybody just got on board. The thing that I think is also so interesting about this, excuse my interruption, but the thing that I think is so interesting about this is also that China had an especially, just astonishingly intense lockdown, neighborhood level enforcers going door to door and these mandatory quarantines that made it so in many cases you had families trapped in their apartment legitimately unable to even in some cases go outside for a walk, depending on when the virus was searching in different neighborhoods and regions. But the thing that's kind of interesting is not all lockdowns are structured the same and China's was considered too authoritarian and full-throated and I guess difficult to enforce for that to be implemented in other countries. But it's odd because Sweden got, I think especially at the beginning of the pandemic, a different treatment as an outlier, even though China too was an outlier in its severity. That's kind of stunning to me that the onus is on the people emphasizing freedom, freedom of movement, people's ability to continue to go to the weddings and funerals of their loved ones. It's fascinating to me that the authoritarianism didn't require as much justification, but the freedom did. Yeah, and let me just jump in there because it was the justification that was being used to criticize Sweden so harshly was always, it wasn't that it was the death rate was way out of whack with every other country that was doing lockdowns. It was specifically, well, if you compare it only to the Nordic, it's Nordic neighbors. If you compare only to Finland and Norway and Denmark, it looks bad at this snapshot in time. If you were comparing it to the United Kingdom or Italy at that time, it's not gonna look as bad. And so that applies that there's other factors at play perhaps than just whether you're locking down or not. But we have a clip of Sweden's state epidemiologist, Anders Tenjell responding to exactly that point that was put to him by the BBC interviewer on a very tough and good interview back in 2020. So let's roll a segment from that interview and I'd like you to respond to what Tenjell's saying here. There's not the brutal truth that you have had many more deaths in Sweden than you would have had if like your Scandinavian neighbors, you had imposed an early and very strict lockdown policy. I think that's very difficult to know. I mean, the death toll in Sweden is mainly in the long-term facilities for long-term ill elderly people. And we had very much an unfortunate spread in those facilities in a way that some other countries had but not our Nordic neighbors and why we had a spread in Sweden and not in our neighboring countries. That's something we're trying to investigate now. But with respect, Dr. Tenjell, isn't that part of my point that you probably would not have had that catastrophic spread of COVID-19 through your care homes, particularly around Stockholm, if you had run a more strict, a less open policy for the general population? Yeah, I mean, these people meet a lot of people even if you have a lockdown. So you can't isolate them. So in that way, a lockdown would not have stopped the spread into them. And we can see now when we are starting to look at these places, we see a decline in the incidents in those places once we start really focusing and getting them to focus on basic hygiene procedures and so on. So Tenjell defended himself by saying that it was too early to say whether lockdown saved lives or just delayed inevitable deaths. How does that look in retrospect? Yeah, there are many factors here. And let me just mention one important difference here between Sweden and other Nordic countries. We got the virus earlier at an earlier stage, partly because Stockholm kids are home on a winter break in early February. And many go to the Italian and Austrian Alps to ski exactly at the moment when we had the peak of transmission in Italy. So it was already within our societies, especially in Stockholm and then the elderly care homes before there was any discussion anywhere about locking down societies. So this goes to the tradition. We saw more of a coronavirus surge in Stockholm than in Malmo, for example, because of the timing of school breaks. Exactly, and that's a very important point. You could see that Malmo in Gothenburg, our second and third city in Sweden, had more of the Norwegian and Danish experience because they didn't go on a winter break down to Italy at that time because the winter break comes, it's staggered, so it comes at different moments in time. And this goes to one important traditional point from epidemiology. The reason why they rarely recommend countries to shut down borders and traffic and so on is that the moment you begin to think about doing things like that, it's already too late because it happens once the virus is already there. And then you only hurt yourself in other ways, hurting access to everything from health workers, medical supplies and trade and the economy and so on. Not to mention the human toll. Also, I don't know what your family situation is, but my family split between the United States and the EU. And so to some degree, when you begin to close off borders, it puts a lot of people in very difficult situations where depending on their visa status and their passport, they might not see their family members or their loved ones or their partner for many, many months on end, which is a huge human toll that I think frequently are policy makers. There's no way to attach a monetary value to that, but it is a profound sense of loss. This is such an incredibly important point because that's exactly the kind of perspective that would never appear to the technocrats at the decision table. Sort of we've got to have to do something about X, but then there are so many variables that are incredibly important to human beings that kind of be quantified to that extent and that they cannot have knowledge about, not meeting your loved ones, not meeting friends and family and so on could be almost as dangerous to health as getting the virus. So, and that's a reason why policy based on recommendations gives you that sort of incredibly important loophole. You're able to do things that are so important to you. So when you look at the total death toll and the aspects of health, you have to look at other things as well, not just COVID, but also mental illness.  You have to look at suicide or loss of exercise and social adaptation in schools and in friendship circles and so on. Hey, thanks for watching that clip from our conversation with Johan Norberg about Sweden's pandemic policies. You can watch the full conversation right here or another clip from that conversation right over here.


Hello, welcome to the session. In this session, first of all we will discuss the method of intervals for solving quadratic inequality. Now suppose we have to solve the inequality x minus x1 the whole into x minus x2 the whole into x minus x3 the whole and so on up to x minus xn minus 1 the whole into x minus xn the whole is less than 0 where x1, x2, x3 and so on up to xn are distinct real numbers. Then first of all we will assume that is greater than xn minus 1 is greater than and so on is greater than x3 is greater than x2 is greater than x1. Now we will get these points on the real number line and consider a polynomial f of x is equal to x minus x1 the whole into x minus x2 the whole into x minus x3 the whole and so on x minus xn minus 1 the whole into x minus xn the whole. Now here we have drawn a number line in which we have plotted these points. Now in this number line we will start with the positive sign from the right towards the left also from the number line you can see that for all x greater than xn expressions are positive. Hence for x greater than xn we have greater than 0 that is f of x is positive. Now let us discuss the second case when x is lying between xn minus 1 and xn and for this case this expressions except x minus xn will be positive this means f of x will be less than 0 that is for this case f of x is negative which is denoted by this interval that is if x is lying between xn minus 1 and xn then f of x will be less than 0. Similarly we can discuss it by taking x in some other intervals. Now let us recall the method of intervals and this in the first step on the number line the numbers x1, x2 and so on up to xn are arranged in the increasing order of the magnitude then we will put the positive sign in the interval to the right of the largest number. Now here the largest number is xn so we are putting the positive sign on the right of the largest number then in the next interval that is from right to left we will place a negative sign and then again the positive sign and then again the negative sign and so on. Now the solution of the inequality that is personal equality that is f of x will be less than 0 in the intervals with negative sign and f of x will be greater than 0 in the intervals with positive sign. Now let us discuss this method with the help of an example. Let us take the inequality x minus 1 the whole into x minus 2 the whole into x minus 3 the whole into x minus 4 the whole is less than 0. Now let f of x is equal to x minus 1 the whole into x minus 2 the whole into x minus 3 the whole into x minus 4 the whole. Now let us plot these points on the number line so we have plotted these points on the number line in the order of the increasing magnitude. Now here you can see five regions first is from form to infinity second is from three to four and fourth region from one to two and the fifth region from one to minus infinity of the greatest number and here the greatest number is four positive sign here then a negative sign towards the left and then positive again then negative and then again positive in the region with positive signs greater than 0 greater than 0 when x belongs to open interval over to infinity union union the open interval 1 to minus infinity will be less than 0 in the region with negative sign that this f of x is less than 0 when x belongs to the open interval union the open interval 1 to 2 maximum and minimum values. Now we know that the graph is equal to a x square plus b x plus c is a truth that is contained upwards when e is greater than 0 and it is contained downwards minimum values we have to find the limits within which the value of a x square plus b x plus c will lie for real values of x with the help of the graphs. Now for the part 1 when a is greater than 0 then we have drawn the graph of the quadratic function now here a b is the minimum value of the function which occurs at the vertex so we can write that the minimum value a b is equal to 4ac minus b square whole upon 4a at the vertex there the value of x is equal to minus b over 2a that is the distance of a. Now in the second case when e is less than 0 then we have drawn the graph of the quadratic function now here the maximum value of the function that is the maximum value a b is equal to 4ac minus b square whole upon 4a which occurs at the vertex where the value of x is equal to minus b upon 2a that is the distance of b because theoretically f of x will be maximum or minimum the vertex that is where the value of x is minus b upon 2a will be equal to a into minus b upon 2a whole square plus b into minus b over 2a whole plus c which is further equal to a b square upon 4a square minus b square upon 2a plus c and on solving this will give 4ac minus b square whole upon 4a for when a is greater than 0 the minimum value of the function f of x is 4ac minus b square over 4a and the maximum value of the function in the case of a is less than 0 is now the quadratic function f of x plus bx plus c over px square plus qx plus a bc pqmr are the constants you are not equal to 0 set with the help of an example the value of 2x square minus 2x plus 4 cannot lie between minus 7 and 1 now let us start with its solution let y is equal to 2x square minus 2x plus 4 over 1x square minus 4x plus 3 now by possibility this implies minus 4x plus 3 whole is equal to and further on solving this implies y minus 2 the whole into x square minus 2 into 2 y minus 1 the whole into x plus 3 y minus 4 minus 4 the whole is equal to 0 now this is the quadratic equation in x therefore the determinant d will be greater than equal to 0 this implies b square minus 4ac is greater than equal to 0 and the whole this whole is 4 into y minus 2 the whole into 3 y minus 4 the whole is greater than equal to 0 which implies 4 into 4 y square plus 1 minus 4 y the whole minus 4 into 3 y square minus 10 y plus 8 the whole is greater than equal to 0 now dividing 3 out by 4 and further solving it gives 4 y square plus 1 minus 4 y minus 3 y square plus 10 is greater than equal to 0 and solving this implies y square plus 6 y minus 7 is greater than equal to 0 which further gives y plus 1 the whole is greater than equal to 0 this inequality by the method of intervals which we have discussed earlier and we have given the intervals by using the method of intervals so let y plus 7 the whole into y minus 1 the whole is f of x will be greater than equal to 0 in the region is in the intervals the solution of the given inequality open interval minus infinity to minus 7 union that is within this range x will be greater than equal to 0 now we have already learnt how to solve the inequalities of the type x minus a the whole into x minus b the whole into x minus greater than 0 where a, b, c, t are the constants now let us know how to solve the inequality is 2 is greater than 4 x minus 5 the range of the variable x and this inequality will take us we cannot multiply the whole into 6 x minus 3 a whole is a positive quantity we will solve this with another method for this we will take all the terms of the given inequality on the left side that is x minus 2 whole upon x plus 2 the whole by whole upon 6 x minus 2 the whole is greater than 0 of the denominators this x plus 2 the whole into 6 x minus 3 in the numerator it will be into 6 x minus 3 the whole minus we get 2 x square minus 18 x plus 16 whole into 6 x minus 3 the whole is greater than 0 now taking 2 common from the numerator from the factor 6 x minus 3 in the denominator we get 2 into x square minus 9 x plus 8 the whole whole upon the whole into 6 into x minus that is 1 by 2 the whole is greater than 0 now on solving this implies x square minus 9 x into x plus 2 the whole into x minus 1 by 2 the whole is greater than 0 now multiplying throughout by 3 and then actualizing the numerator we get minus 1 the whole into x minus 8 the whole all upon x plus 2 the whole into x minus 1 by 2 the whole is greater than 0 now let this equation be a so now multiplying both sides x plus 2 whole square into x minus 1 by 2 whole square which is a positive quantity for the S under consideration we get 1 the whole into x minus 8 the whole into x plus 2 whole square into x minus 1 by 2 whole square all upon x plus 2 the whole into x minus 1 by 2 the whole is greater than 0 1 the whole into x minus 8 the whole into x plus 2 the whole into x minus 1 by 2 the whole is greater than 0 now this inequality can be solved by the method of interiors which we have discussed earlier from these 2 inequalities that the solution is a the whole into x minus b the whole all upon x plus 3 the whole into x minus d the whole is greater than 0 x minus a the whole into x minus b the whole into x minus c the whole into x minus d the whole is greater than 0 so you have learnt about method of interiors minimum values So this is the Fleece Session. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


Hi, babies. Mama Duke's here with another product review. Today's product review is going to be on a Gilden G180. G180 is a 50% cotton, 50% polyester blend. Bort colors like this one is a 60% polyester and 40% cotton. It is also compliant with American national standard for high visibility safety apparel and accessories. This classic fit has a two-end midway fleece fabric. This crew neck also has air jet yarn for a softer feel and reduced pilling.  That's called pilling. One of the best things about this garment is that it has double needle stitching throughout, which means the neck band, shoulders, arm holes, waistband, and even the cuffs, the one-by-one ribbed spandex, enhances stretch and recovery. And you know mama loves her tear-away tags, honey. So there you have it, babies. Everything you need to know about a G180 crew neck. Thank you so much for watching. See you next video.


When you're working with MyOpenMath, or for that matter, dealing with the real world, the thing to remember is that you are ultimately responsible for everything that you write. And if you mis-type something, the results can vary from difficult to troubling to catastrophic. And the thing to remember is that no computer ever got fired for typing the wrong thing. To type in rational expressions, we'll enter numerator slash denominator. Now MyOpenMath interprets your expression as you type it. So if you look here, we'll see what we've actually entered. And the important thing here is that if this isn't what we wanted to enter, we need to fix it. With fractions and rational expressions, the most likely problem is that we need to make sure that we group the denominator by using a set of parentheses. So let's throw the denominator into a set of parentheses. But before you click on submit, notice that MyOpenMath has said, I don't understand what you're saying. That's what it means by syntax error. And again, you're ultimately responsible for anything that you write. So if you make a mistake, it's on you. And again, no computer ever got fired for making a typo. Generally speaking, MyOpenMath will try to diagnose the problem. And here, it thinks there's a set of unmatched parentheses. And if we look at what we typed closely, we see that we accidentally doubled the parentheses. So let's fix that. And wait for it. MyOpenMath does syntax checking as you go, and so now it looks at what you've entered. That syntax error is gone, and so now it understands what you've written. It might not be the right answer, but at least MyOpenMath understands what you're saying. The use of parentheses does get more complicated as our expressions get more complicated. And again, MyOpenMath will display what you've actually typed in as your answer. And if this isn't what we wanted to type in, we need to fix it. So we'll throw the denominator inside a set of parentheses. And that's still not what we wanted, so we have to throw the numerator into a set of parentheses as well. And now, if this is what we really want to answer, we can click on submit. Now for the more complicated expressions, you might get lost in a sea of parentheses. And so here's something that you could do. If you click in the answer box and a yellow right up arrow shows up, clicking on that will open up a math formatting window. And this will allow you to type in your answer in a what you see is what you get format. So we want to enter in a rational expression, so we'll click on the fraction button, and then type in our expression. Clicking on save enters it. And again, we see what we've entered in, and it objects to this. It doesn't like it. And again, MyOpenMath will generally try to identify what the problem is. And here, it doesn't like our variables because, oh yeah, the problem's in A, but we entered in this X. So let's go back and fix that. So we can click on the yellow up arrow to reopen the math editor. And now it understands, so we can click submit. For square roots, we can use S, Q, R, T, and then the radicand. Oh wait, we can't. It doesn't like that. And it does give us some advice. We need to enclose the radicand in parentheses. So let's fix that. Again, if we click inside the answer box and the yellow up arrow appears, that will open up a formatting window. Or we can solve quadratic equations, so we type in our answer. Again, MyOpenMath will show us what we've actually entered, and if it's not what we wanted to enter, we'll need to fix it. And we only got 0.5 out of 1. And well, this is a quadratic equation. There should actually be two solutions. And if we are about to enter in the second one, so let's type in that second one. Well, that's not what we wanted to type in. Let's fix it. And as long as we're sure these are what we wanted to enter in, we can click submit.


Hey everybody, it's Sam at Mixed at Craft. Thank you for watching my tutorial today. I'm going to show you how you can use your embroidery hoops to make really nice pieces of home decor. So this is just a nice little kind of welcome plaque, I guess, and it's just going to hang it in my hallway. I've got all these lovely leaves to decorate it. So I've gone with an autumn theme because that is the season that is now approaching us, although outside it feels like it already is. And then I've just done welcome. It's really easy to do. You should be able to do this with most of the supplies that you already have. And yeah, just enjoy it. It's lots of fun. I've loved every minute of making this, so hopefully you're enjoying my video. So let me show you how I made it. Okay, so this is the magazine. So it's issue 177 Papercraft Essentials and the embossing folder.  So you get the outline. So it's the outline edge die.  So this is the one with all the details. So I'm going to be showing you how to use those two. I won't be using the embossing folder today because I've obviously the project that I'm doing. But let's start. So this is how I work. So a lot of the time I prepare my videos and I do a lot of this stuff off camera. And I just say you need 10 leaves or something. I don't show you how to do them. But because of the project I'm doing, and that part is really quick, I can spend more time doing all these kind of detailed pieces. So this is my mess. This is me being creative. So you don't have to have your leaves this color. There can be any color you want. But obviously with it being autumn now, or we're coming into autumn, it feels like it even though it is still officially summer. Oh hey, I'm obviously sticking with those colors. So I've got some oranges, I've got yellows, and I've got browns. Now the brown or yeah, the darker color. I've used just craft card. So this craft card is actually quite good because it's got two slightly different sides. So that one's a little bit more orangey. That one's more gray. So again, I can just flip it and I'll get two different kind of tones. So I'm going to be using some of that.  So you can see the colors.  So you don't even have to distress them. But I'm going to show you the different kind of ways that I like to, yeah, distress things a little.   The nice thing when you're working with smaller dies, is you don't have to worry about getting your big die machine out. So I'm just using my little one here. Okay, so there it is. First of all, just cut as a frame. And it's really lovely. The detail in this die is just, yeah, really, really nice.  Now you may want to just tack it down with a little bit of tape, just to keep it in place. So you want to make sure that you have a border all the way around the detailed piece. Okay, so that one there. I think that's enough to hold it in place.  It just seems to, I guarantee it cuts first time. I don't have to run it through. So obviously, everybody's is different. I shouldn't really be doing it on this filthy mat, but anyway. Okay, so now you get this detail. So you just, all the pieces just fall out straight away. It does cut beautifully, like so. Okay, now you can cut this using some double-sided sticky sheets and stick the sticky sheet on here first and cut it. I'm just going to pop some glue on the back of my hand. Obviously, if you have sensitive skin, then I don't recommend you do that. Otherwise, just use a precision tip glue. And then I'm just going to, don't matter if I get any over the top because it will dries clear.   But I don't want to keep my night that. Obviously, you can. They do still look lovely like that. What I'm going to do now is distress it. So I've just got a brown ink here. Now I do have the blending brushes and I love these. Absolutely love them. But I just find for something like this, when you want to get a real dark bit just on kind of little points of something, I find it's better to still use that. But I'll show you both ways. So this way here, just go around like so. So I'll do that one half with the brush. And then the other half, I always kind of dab off it there and then go in. And I just get a much more, you can see, intense look. And that's what I'm going for for this. I'm just going to go around and just get a little bit more on there. And then I'm just brushing it over the top. Like so. And it just brings out all the detail even more. Okay, so that's how I've got these ones. And then just to finish it off, if I bring these up here, can you see there's a little bit of gold? Just kind of, there we go. Just that shimmer. And all I've got here is these are really old. These are just little rub-on metallic. It's just the same as Gilding Wax. I've got them in the charity shop. But basically, you just get, I always use this one here. And then just rub a bit onto my mat. And then just literally brush it over. So now it just highlights. You've still got the brown distressed colour, but it just highlights those areas. And when it hits the light, you get that lovely gold effect. And I just think it looks really nice. I might put a little bit more on that one there, actually. That's how I've done that. And that's exactly the same way with these, just using different colours. So that's using the yellowy colour and then using the orange. So I will speed the video up and do those bits in a moment. And then the plain ones is exactly the same way, because I just thought it was nice just to have a little bit of a, you know, a variation. So I'm just going to take out just the frame. So exactly the same again. Just bringing in my brown. And then just kind of catch the ends, go all the way around, so you get the darkest, you know, of the colour hitting there. And then if you do have any kind of slight lines, just very quickly brush over the whole thing until you kind of blend it out and mix it in like so. Because you still want to keep the yellow colour, but it just gives you, it's almost like it's on fire, it just gives you a really nice frame without it having a frame. Like it does really show off the outer edges now of that die cut. And then again, I'm just going to use some of my gilding wax here just to touch the edges. And there we go again.  So yeah, I'm going to do a few more of these because I do want quite a few for this embroidery hoop. I would rather it be quite full and then if I've got any left over I can keep them for a card. So yeah, I've got, how many have I got here? I need to do more of these. I think I've got enough of the plain now. I'm going to do some more of these in the orange and the yellow. Okay, so now I'm all cleaned up and I've got everything, well, in terms of my leaves, I've got it all ready. And again, let me just bring them up because the lights got really, we just had an awful weather and it's been raining, but you can see now just how lovely that one there is a bit more distressed. That one there, look at it. They just look really, really nice. So they're already set. Okay, so I've got an eight and a half inch diameter embroidery hoop. This was literally a couple of pounds from the charity shop. So you get them, they come like that and that will be screwed tighter so it doesn't come out. Just unscrew it and the middle hoop will come out. I've got my mesh here which I'm just going to sit over the smaller hoop. Okay, so just make sure it covers it because you'll cut away any excess. Then you pop your larger hoop over the top and it will make it all nice and taut. You can put it a little bit more if you want to like so and then you just want to twist this here and it will tighten and again as it's tightening you can pull this around a bit more if you want it, you know, if it is gaping at all. But it usually will keep it nice and taut when you bring it in there but now that's quite bouncy. Now I'm just going to go around and just trim off the excess. Okay, then turn it over and you've got that all ready. So now you've got this nice base to be able to start building up your seam. So I have just started pulling a few bits together. I've got these little wooden kind of cut up twigs here which I brought from the works a few weeks back now. I've got some buttons just things that are all kind of gold and bronze and rose gold and just that autumn kind of colour I guess. I've got embossing powder here because I may dump some down and then heat blast it. So I've got copper embossing powders, paper mania and then I've got the rose gold wow one. I've got my little draw of feathers because I thought some of these may well look quite nice just kind of nestled in. So I've got those. I have these bits here if you remember when I got those anybody that is watching that follows and I thought some of these little sprigs could look quite nice again as just more texture. And then I have all these pieces so I picked these up from the home bargains and initially I was going to do wedding cards but that's just gone amiss. So I thought these are going to look lovely to have as my what I plan to do is have these running through the centre because this one sits perfectly over the top. I'm going to fray all of the edges okay so I'm not really going to cut too much off and then I'm going to have my kind of I don't know whether to have just welcome because I think this would be quite nice to have in the hall so just have welcome there and then all the leaves built up around it. So I've just got here some garden twine I've got this red one here as well because these would be nice to make the hook so I'm just kind of getting everything together and then I can decide what I'm going to do and then I have this very large glass kind of I don't know what you would call it actually anyway bowl with a handle but it's full of old scrabble pieces I collect them as you can see and they're great for doing these kind of home decor pieces so I'm thinking I'm going to dump this all out and look for the letters to make and spell out welcome or might even have home welcome autumn I need to have a little think about it because I'm not entirely sure and obviously I need to clear my desk to be able to tip all of these out I might just do on the carpet but yeah that's what I plan to do but you can just die cut something these may well end up being too small and might end up wanting something bigger so might end up cutting something on my cricket machine or using my dies I need to again have a little look so do have the large stamping up ones as well so I might well use those but I'm going to lay everything out first of all and I would say that's the best thing for you to do kind of get an idea of how you want things to look so with my leaves I plan in my head I'm going to have a cluster up here and a cluster down here you can just do one down here you could do them going all the way around you know there are so many lovely ways to to do this so let's have a little look okay so I'm going to go for a something up here and something down here so first of all I'm going to get my glue gun all warmed up and I'm going to just roughly cut but obviously I don't want that much hanging over the edge but I do want enough to have that kind of frayed look so let's do let's do that for the minute and then I'm just going to start pulling this all apart okay so I've changed up a little bit afraid these but I'm going to have them all here and then I'm going to have a big bow I think keep changing my mind I think they just need to be a little bit more kind of like that well I quite like it something about that I like and that's the nice thing about this is you can do so many cool things I'm not sure whether or end up using bits like this I might have a few twigs maybe I could do something with them on the edges here I think if I start curling all the edges up and things like that I think it's going to look really good I'm going to just play around with a bow okay so I'm going to go for this bow this is a wired ribbon which I've had for ages I have used it once before in a project but it's nice because obviously this isn't ever going to be flattened unless it goes you know obviously I put it in storage but you can really shape the bow so I've just done that one and I know it kind of you can't really see it too well but in the in person it does show up quite nicely I think I'm just going to go for it and get it stuck in it's stuck down and yeah then I can do this I'm going to stick this first I'm going to use my hot glue and I'm just going to attach it to the sides here so actually I'm just going to put my because you don't want to melt the mesh so I'm going to pop a piece there and again there and obviously with the hot glue you've got a little bit of wiggle room make sure I've got it even I need to come across a little bit there we go and then this one here okay so now I don't really want to change it because I like the kind of formation that I've got in terms of I think I've got a nice equal amount of the color coming off so I'm just going to have to carefully kind of lift each layer like this there we go and again with these ones I'm going to add some foam adhesive this will stick really well to the net without melting you know or weakening it you know and the glue just maybe dripping through so I'm going to plus it does give it a little bit of dimension and I'm going to just kind of curl up the the kind of edges here because you can always flatten them again if they're a bit too much but I think it is going to help the overall look so we pop that one there and just go underneath and just make sure that's all stuck so I'm going to put this on high speed now and slowly work my way through this you may see me change a few things along the way but I'll talk you through that at the end everything down let me just take this off because I was playing around and I needed to stress and show you how I've done my letters so this is what I've done I love it it just looks so nice it's got a mix of these like plastic gold covered sprigs it's got all of the obviously the other leaves and I've stuck my wired bow down I've put a button in the middle there which was just from my stash I'm going to add a nice handle with you all in a moment and then obviously you saw me stick that down so what I've gone ahead and done I've decided I'm not going to use the scrabble pieces I don't think they quite work with it so I've got this is an old this is the x-cut folk alphabet dies but they've got a nice shape to them so I've gone die cut them in the craft card for the top and then I've gone and die cut it all again in some brown fun foam okay just to give it some dimension so what I'm going to do is I'm going to stick all of my each letter so there's the craft card letter onto the other one underneath but what I'm going to do is offset them slightly make sure I've got them right away because they are all slightly a bit different but I'm going to offset it just slightly so you get a bit of the darker brown behind so it almost frames it but then I'm going to distress it again and I'm going to add a little bit of gilding wax so I'm going to clear all this away bringing my pink mat and you'll see me do that I'll do it put it on high speed because again you know the process now but I'll come back and show you in more detail okay so just stress them all exactly the same way as I done the leaves you can just see the gilding wax there just glowing glowing just kind of shining there as it is the light and there's the foam on the back so now when I sit these on here and you will see this much better in the photos because I really don't think my camera is doing this justice today because I think this looks really really lovely so I'm going to spell out welcome like so because I've got that brown thumb foam behind it and I just distressed it a bit it really does lift it from the the background there so I'm going to get that stuck down now I need to be very careful on what I use because hot glue is just going to ooze and you're going to see it and I want to make but obviously wet glue I need to make sure it's really going to stick so I'm going to go for my tacky glue whether that's the right choice or not I don't know but because it's tacky it should stick really well to this so again I'm going to speed this up and hopefully it will work okay so there's that now stuck down can you see how it's nicely raised off the surface and you can again just see all that gilding wax catching in the light now I'm not sure whether I want to do something here I feel like it needs like a couple of circles or something but I think I don't know if they're going to look the right thing to have there those balls don't look right I don't think I mean it's almost like I'm starting a little fire or something there I don't know if that's really right there either so I'm going to have a little think about that and they could maybe work it needs something but yeah I'll get back to you okay so I'm going to use the scrap of what I cut off from this here so this is a piece here it's taken me ages you know it's taken me longer to think about these two little pieces and it has the whole things I wouldn't have had some dinner just sat down for a bit still thinking about it and then came up and just thought no I'm going to shove those there so that's what I'm doing so I'm just cutting a kind of square again am I balling all of this if you want to be more precise and measure you can but because I'm going to be freeing anyway so I'd already gone and just frayed all of the edges there I'm going to pop it stick it down there and then I've cut the button loop off the back just so it's nice and flush and that's just going to stick over the top it just needed something I did try some more leaves some small leaves things like that but I just yeah I just wasn't feeling it so I'm just picking away it's really easy to start it off and just pulling out all the look that I kind of the weave there the threads just to create yeah that little bit of frayed edge on it so I'm just going to do this one okay so there is my finished hanging embroidery hoop and I absolutely adore this it's ended up differently to how I thought but I'm so happy with the end result I've just stuck those both down as I just mentioned and I also went under here as well with some bead of glue as well just to keep that all secure added my handle which is just on the back the back isn't pretty at all but for me it doesn't matter it's not going to be seeing so it's going to go against the wall so it's going to like hang off hang off something in the hallway so I'm not worried about the back but obviously if you are putting this on your door or somewhere where there's glass people can see both sides and yeah you may want to do that a bit differently to myself but I love this I hope you do too I hope it's inspired you to look at your supplies in a different way and you know make some nice home decor pieces because these are so fun to make and so cheap so inexpensive that would make a lovely gift make this Christmas themed you know you can give that to your neighbour or you know your friends whether McRafers they are really really fun to make so yeah hope it's inspired you hope you have a go and thank you for watching so give me a thumbs up if you've enjoyed today and subscribe to my channel so you get to see more thanks for watching bye


Hello and welcome! In this video series provided by Boston College Libraries, we will be discussing the Zotero Citation Management Tool, its setup and uses. Zotero is a free open-source tool that can help us quickly integrate citations into our papers, whether written in Microsoft Word or Google Box. Here's what it looks like when we have everything up and running. First, we type our sentence. For example, while classroom makerspaces have promise, some scholars have noted they can be difficult to put into place. We want to cite this sentence, so first click Add Citation. Next, choose the citation style. Here we will use APA style. And then we will type HERA, H-I-R-A, because that's the last name of the author. Lastly, press Enter on your keyboard and there's our citation. Next, we click the option to add a bibliography and we are all set. That was a preview of what we can do relatively quickly with Zotero. Follow along to the next videos to get started with setup and more advanced uses and we will be citing resources like a TruePro in no time.


Today is the day that we're gonna pray specifically for our finances and we're not just gonna be pleading and begging Because we know that it's already been promised to us and it's been given to us. Amen The first category of people they want to pray for and if the camera person Marv if you can help because we're gonna pray also for the Viewers Bryson if you can come up We're gonna pray right now for all the people in college We're gonna pray for all the people in school that are struggling right now with tuition Struggling to finish it and so for those even from other countries and those of us who are here for those of you Who are in school today? We're gonna begin to offer a prayer what we're gonna take what belongs to us as children of God Which is God's supernatural provision and God's grace on our schooling in Jesus name But I want you to hear Bryson's testimony of how God helped him with a grant for his bachelor's degree Yeah, so there was a there was a point in my life when I was deciding to go back to finish my bachelor's degree The word God gave me a word of the Lord at the beginning of the year a couple years back To dream a new dream to believe him for a financial breakthrough to believe him for my schooling And I received that word into my heart that I was not gonna have to pay a penny for my schooling and I Not a thing and so I took that into my heart and I began to believe and I began to pray and trust the Lord And about three months of trust in the Lord. I came I was there. I was at work I used to work at the CBC the college here and I came across our President of the college It was just a supernatural thing that happened where he came into the office randomly talked to my dad My dad also worked at the college and offered me an opportunity to make to have a scholarship And I thought wow, that's so awesome.  Yeah. Yeah, pretty much You know just a couple hundred bucks, but you know yet another step towards the goal and I went to the office and The the meeting was about 30 seconds. I walked into his office. He said okay well go ahead and talk to my secretary and I will You know help you out the best I can and so I'm sitting there I go to talk to the secretary and filling out paperwork and she says man.  She's like man. So many people would love to be in your position I'm like, I know right? It's crazy. And and she's like you are really blessed. I'm like, well, yeah, I know Praise God, you know, and so I'm filling out the paperwork and it dawned on me I'm like, I don't even know how much this is for and so I began it just all of a sudden I just asked her I'm like, how much is this cover? And she says it covers everything The bachelor's which is how much how much money was was in the grand So what it came out to roughly is around 60 grand Possibly 75 grand now and you mentioned to me that the grand was actually for the Hispanic woman. Yes, I Would go into the office When I had to renew my contract my paperwork the lady would look at me. She was like and I said Don't worry the president of college said I could have this So why guy? God Hispanic girls grant That means he didn't qualify for that God wants to release something That you don't qualify for God wants to release something that you qualify for as well Right now we're gonna begin to pray for people who are in college or people who stopped college because they don't have money That God will begin to open doors You begin to get an email that you begin to get a phone call that God will begin to aid you Supernaturally in that in Jesus name and I'm gonna help Bryson to pray for that If you are in college or you're wanting to go back to college, but you have no means I want you to right now agree in that prayer whether stretch your hands place your hand on your wall Whatever do something as a signal that you are in prayer right now Let us agree in faith if you are watching us on live stream and you're stuck in your schooling right now This to agree with us right now because the Lord wants to touch you this week this month and this year in Jesus name Let's pray church. Yes father God I just thank you God that today you're bringing break through God Lord and finances a Lord for schooling Lord that you're bringing about a change God and people God who are struggling God to be able to pay for school Lord, I thank you God that you're bringing about God a shift God and their lives God where they struggled God first-generation College students got being able to finish school having school paid for Lord I think you got that you're rewriting destinies right now Lord bringing education to your body to the people in this building right now Lord I just declare God Lord for those God struggling God that break through what happened today And Jesus mighty name Holy Spirit every student in this place right now I pray as they connect with you in faith Lord Lord that you begin to bring about a breakthrough That you begin to bring about a shift in their finances God In the name of Jesus we decree open doors in Jesus name we declare God's favor We speak God's supernatural supply right now to come with those people who stop school They'll be able to resume it in Jesus name and get their degree and finish the school in Jesus mighty name In the name of Jesus and right now we're gonna come to a time Well, we're gonna pray for jobs and for those people who are looking for a job And I'm gonna ask Mariana if she could come and just quickly share of how when she applied for a job a job that At the time she wasn't qualified for and how God opened the doors And I'm still not qualified for but on paper So it was about one year into working at one of the main hospitals here in Tri-Cities and I was working as a front office and There's an opportunity in IT and in this Job opportunity you had to have a four-year degree bachelor degree and two years of experience I had nothing of that and I just believe that even though I don't have a degree behind me I had God who was behind me and I came in and I had three intense interviews with IT The first and the second of you they rejected me and just looked at me and said you are absolutely not qualified for this job And I fought back and said I might not be qualified on paper But I will show you that I will do an excellent job and on the third interview We had a group and I got the call and The incredible thing is is that as soon as I got the job that they said that you qualified They made up a job position for me. It wasn't even made They made it up so I could actually be in the IT and they They flew me out to get certified a few times actually doubled my pay and And it had nothing to do with the fact of being qualified only hard work on my end I worked extremely hard, but at the same time I asked God to do the end that I didn't ask for favor I just asked Holy Spirit teach me to walk in your favor and that's what happened right now.  Just don't be ashamed. We're just gonna pray If you see somebody with a hand raised with two three people just surround them and Marvin Marvin you stay with us and we're gonna pray right now for those people who are looking So let's just surround them some home group leaders and others Let's begin to pray and Marianna I want you to lead that prayer of praying for jobs and praying for better jobs and everybody else in church Whatever you are just pray whatever you're standing. Just pray right now for God to release Yes, father, we just come before you and we thank you God that you are you have called us to be here You will have told us that we are your children and the Lord that we are not father We are the head and not the tail. So Lord, I just pray father right now father to go into the next level I thank you God for the supernatural favor that you have given us God that when people will go into interviews father I thank you for promotions I thank you Holy Spirit for testimonies that are about to happen Lord for those doors of opportunity to just come in Lord And I ask Lord the father even if we're not qualified on paper I thank you God that you're going to qualify as Lord with your supernatural favor with your grace with your mercy Lord, I thank you God that you made us your children the light of this world Lord That we are the head and not the tail Lord So we just pray in the name of Jesus that will walk in your divine Favor Lord that you Lord for that promotion for that increase in Jesus mighty name In the mighty name of Jesus right now in this prayer. This is a breakthrough service We're believing for breakthrough in every area of your life. If you believe God for breakthrough give him a shout on this place Come on. Come on. Come on right now in this prayer. We're gonna be to pray for businesses I know there's people in this room that God has put on your heart and and You need to start your business. It's just you know You got bills you got family got this and that and you have many these excuses not to not to Take a leap of faith and trust God is God's God is going to provide or there's people that they're here that you have a business But you know God has more for you You know God and God can open a door for you God can bring him right resources right people right connection God can God can help you to to get access to the capital that you will need to expand your business If that's you these two categories of people lift your hand that we're gonna be praying with you right now And we're gonna believe for God's divine favor for God's wind into your sails To God for God to bring right people to connect you to give you that not get a wisdom to give you that Direction where to go how to go about it and how to get where you want to be if that's you all lift your hands We're gonna be praying right now church If you see that hand lifted around you begin to pray with them connect with their faith And let's believe that God will touch them at the point of their need in Jesus mighty Father we pray Lord for your people that I hear God that want to start the business God But something is holding them back right now. We come against that in Jesus name. We come against that fear We come against that doubt father We ask you for your wind of your grace into their sails God into their back God push them forward Provide for them in Jesus mighty the father we pray for every business that's here in our church God we pray for expansion God we pray for resources God we pray for capital God We pray for wisdom Lord Jesus. I pray God that you release your grace in an area I pray God that your people will prosper. I pray that your people will be generous God I pray that you use your people God to do many kingdom projects in this city and around the world God our church We'll be known for prosperity God for giving Lord for grateful God on our big heart in Jesus mighty name let your grace touch your people in Jesus mighty name we pray


All right, thanks. My name's Jordan Wallbesser. I'm talking about optimizing software patents. Here's some information if you want to contact me. This is either going to be something that tests Dan Giganti's nap. He may go to one in a second, but we'll find out. And this is an interesting topic to me. Here's the problem. Patents come actually from the Constitution. They're there to promote the progress of science, of useful arts, and they're secured for a limited time to authors and inventors. Now, recently, we've been having a lot of talk about software patents. And a lot of it in the media is negative. And I think the problem is that the media and our peers, we sort of accepted the fact that software patents are broken, the system isn't working, and it's just some dusty artifact. But that's really not the case. Here's someone that made some statements similar to this. Thomas Jefferson, who happened to be our first director of the US Patent Office, started hating patents.  So what changed there? Patents really are an exchange between an inventor and the public. The idea is an exchange for a monopoly for a limited amount of time. The inventor has to disclose what they've come up with and agree to release that into the public domain. So before patents, we had guilds. We had secretive industries.  It was bad. Afterwards, in 2012, we've had half a million patent applications filed. So that's a lot of information getting to the public. Here's some of those things that did get to the public. Practical things. Page rank. The chemical formulas for Lipitor. Multi-touch. These aren't just abstract ideas. These are things that are important and that we use. So this page rank patent, which is in what makes Google work, it ends in 2018, but it's available to us now. And we can learn from that. Yahoo can learn from that. Microsoft can learn from that. And we can design around from that. And that's what pushes innovations in the patent system. So the practical effects are if you were to stop offering patents at all, people would be less likely to disclose this information. We'd have more trade secrets. We'd have more of this secret sauce where no one tells why things work. Here's your 15-second breakdown of patent law. It's governed by Title 35 of the US Code. If you want to change patent law, change this. Three key sections. One of one, it's anything that is made, a method or a composition of matter. One of two, it has to be new. One of three, it has to be obvious. I know this by heart. Understanding the law, prior becomes more searchable now. So it should be harder and more difficult to get a patent because everything that's already out there. So the trick is, can you prove to someone that your invention isn't obvious? Jumping to software patents, the truth is there's no such thing as a software patent. Software patents are no different than hardware. They're no different than chemical patents. People that say software patents are evil, well, they're really saying that all patents are evil. So the patent office has said, you can't patent math. And that's understood, and at the beginning they resisted patenting software. The courts disagreed because it's a hard line to draw. Everything is just math when you think about it. And math is hard. This graph which came out completely indecipherable talks about how much money is spent per year and it's in the billions for software. That's at the very top. And pharmaceuticals and some of those things are even lower. So the courts struggle with this. What exactly is a software patent? Courts aren't good at making laws. That's not what they do. They're good at resolving conflicts. And likewise, these patent attorneys who are engineers will find good ways to sort of overcome these court decisions, different ways to write patents to get something. This in part has resulted in patent trolls.  Patent trolls talk about buying low and selling high. So stopping trolls isn't about getting rid of patents. It's making it more expensive for them to do what they do. Because of this thing, the Constitution, we can't just make it illegal to sell patents and we can't invalidate patents based on who owns them. That's just one of these annoying law things that we have to deal with. So there's also good patent trolls in a way universities don't practice, they don't make anything. And we need more of those. I mean, remember PageRank? PageRank is owned by Stanford. It was licensed to this company called Google for 1.8 million shares. And they ended up making something like a quarter of a third of a billion dollars off of this and that was reinvested into other projects. So we need to be creative about how we optimize. Maybe we have different licensing schemes. Maybe we have something where the loser pays. There's plenty of different options. We just need to be creative about it. So lastly, patents work. These problems aren't too hard to solve and we need to address the issue and not dismiss it. So again, my name's Jordan. If you have any questions, find me. I'll be in back. Thank you, Jordan.


So how's it going DevCon? Well Nick and I appreciate coming out and hearing us talk. This talk is called The Dirty South Getting Justified with Technology and we'll be getting into that in just a minute here. But really appreciate coming out and always honored to speak here year after year again. Just a quick introduction. I'm the author of the Social Engineer Toolkit. I'm also founder of TrustedSec and it's a consulting company and co-author of the Metasploit The Penetration Testers book and also I've been presenting at Black Cat and DevCon for number of years and one of the co-founders of DerbyCon. So I appreciate again coming up on stage and talking. I am Nick and I can see that the slide has been modified slightly. Thank you Dave. I also work for TrustedSec, senior security consultant with Dave, been awesome, worked with him. Pen tester, breaker of things and yes, I am wearing one right now. Derbycon co-organizer, head of security there. I'm also a team member of social-engineer.org. We're doing the SCCTF down in Palma, come down and visit at some point, not now because you're here besides LV and Delaware Slave and I haven't wrote a book but I've read some. So the intro to this talk is literally we, you know, if you look at kind of the evolution of security and where we're at today and why we're all here today, it's changed a lot. So what we're going to do is go through the evolution of security and where we're at today and from there we're going to break some stuff and get a whole bunch of shells and do a bunch of other things. So we're going to do some three major demos.  But Nick and I are basically going through the evolution of security and really where we're at today. If you look at where we're at today, we continue to get new technology that's trying to strengthen and protect against hackers, right? So, you know, advanced persistent threats and all these other things that we hear out there to try to protect against which is funny, right? But this technology is, you know, becoming more and more complex and introducing more and more complexity and we're spending millions and millions of dollars on this type of stuff to try to protect us and so today we're going to try to break it all. Sound good? All right. So the way that we structured this was an AA meeting. So first we need to realize that we all have a problem, right? So hi, I'm Dave. Hi, I'm Nick. And welcome. We've been sober from technology, from buying technology for about two years now, but believe me, we get tempted every single time and when we see that big, blinky ass box that does some cool stuff that we have no idea what it does behind the scenes, we want to buy and spend a million dollars on it, trust me. So the way that we structured this is really trying to break you down into a reality that what this stuff really does, what it really stops us against and then really start to build us up and really what we need to do to fix all this stuff because I see security either going this way or going this way and you know what? Either way is going to be interesting and fun and exciting, but we need to break you down first to realize where we're kind of at and so if anybody's drinking a beer, please drink one right now for me because it's not really AA, it's first technology. So just a warning, we're going to try to walk through every single technology that we know of that most corporations implement. But before we do that, we're going to get kind of into the history of security and why we're kind of in this vicious cycle of continually investing in different types of technology and then from there we'll start to actually go and attack them all. Sound good? All right, awesome. Nick? All right, so basically history of security in brief. So we have technology for about a century, so some type of technology. First question is why? Why do we need security for this? Well, someone breaks something and it's like, oh, okay, I see why we need security. And then they say, oh, here you go. This will fix it. And then it breaks again. Five minutes, five years, whatever, breaks. Oh, wait, my bad. I can fix that. No problem. Rinse, repeat. It's an endless loop of an endless cycle. So I thought there was a really interesting story about this, the inventor, Marconi. In 1903, his so called secure wireless telegraph system was being tested. And it was tested as the most secure communication at the time. So a magician by the name of Neville Masculini decided, you know what? I'm going to prove him wrong. So what he did was he hijacked the presentation and sent his own little message through. And if you know Morse code, that's actually Lulls in Morse code. And he proves this point. Did-da, did-da, did-da. Sorry. Did-da, did-da. So he proves this point that this is not a secure technology. So then we get to the age of an actual programmable computer. This is Zeus 3, where you can actually start to store some information on this. But what's, what's really needed to secure that at that point? Well, you got a, next slide. Sorry.  I forgot I had this. Can I have that? Here you go. Sorry. Sorry. You got to lock it up. Easy, easy enough, right? Lots of locks in the doors. But then, I think I can't do anything. Technology's hard. So then it, then it happened. Al Gore came along. He invented the internet. It's amazing. Can we get a round of applause for Al Gore please? Thank you. We are all here today because of him. So, so now we have the tubes. The tubes are here. They're invented. This opens us up for a whole mess of different things. We've got anywhere from just your standard when virus malware, we have phishing, we have just normal malicious stuff that's out there. So, okay, oh, you need some security. All right, well here's some security. This will protect you. Everything under the sun.  Then they start to realize, oh, we need some type of protection on the perimeter. Let's put up a firewall. Let's deny all these ports. Let's only allow what we need through. But something is not working with the state of technology. So Verizon, Verizon, they did this nine year study. Now, over nine, a nine year period, they found that there was around 2,500 data disclosures and 1.1 billion compromised records. So what happens is, there's some confusion. We're putting all this money and all these things to protect ourselves, but 1.1 billion personal records are being breached or being taken. So why? So, you know, we continue to see this, and so a whole new industry is born, an industry where products can solve the problems of people. And so, you know, you look at these different products that are out there and the different things that are happening. There's technology that are specifically designed and made to social engineer us, basically, and trying to buy it to solve a specific problem. So the first one I'm going to pick on is next generation firewalls. So next generation firewalls are being touted as the way to prevent APTs, which if you go to any of the sites, it's all over there. That's a giggle. You look at all the things they're trying to do. They're trying to consolidate everything into one type of infrastructure. So you have spam filtering and whitelisting and content filtering, all the stuff that's kind of built into this to try to protect the perimeter and move everything more towards the perimeter. And so you're seeing this, and companies are buying this so that they can try to stop against the latest and greatest attacks of today. All right? So the first demo we're going to do, and it's going to be included in the social engineer toolkit, is we're calling it silent but deadly. Thank you, Valerie. Yeah, there she is. That was her idea. But I'm definitely not silent, but I'm definitely deadly when it comes to that stuff. So as my roommate can tell me. So what this is going to do, I'm just going to show you demonstration using the social engineer toolkit here, okay? And this is a Windows 8 machine, fully patched and like this stuff. We're not going to take advantage of an actual exploit yet. That's right. That's right. By the way, the chicken has no relevancy at all to this talk. We just wanted to put something random in here and then talk about let's pop a box. That's all we need here, right? So I'm going to use the social engineer toolkit. I'm just going to show you an example of what this does. And I'll be releasing the code hopefully today or tomorrow. And basically this is the new version, version 5.3. Now I haven't fully integrated the payload which is why I'll be releasing it later today or tomorrow. But here's what we're going to do first. We're going to clone a website and again we're going to coax somebody into clicking on something via social engineering. Now, oh my God. What's that? No screen. What happened to the screen? Hey, I can see the screen. Can everybody see the screen now? I'm not going to be able to do full screen in this for some reason, but that's cool. We'll deal with it. Hang on, I'm going to minimize this one too. All right, is everybody see this? All right, everybody got that? Can you see my screen? The logo, ah, it's not mirrored. That would be why. So what we're going to discuss today is how to mirror displays on OSX. Look at the chicken, everyone. Nothing to see here. Can you see that? Yeah. Whoa. Thank you for coming. Bye. All right, so we're going to launch the social engineer toolkit. What I'm going to do is I'm going to clone a website really quick, okay? Now, this is a new payload that I developed. I don't know if you know this or not, but a lot of the new next-gen firewalls are actually doing behavioral analysis on the network side, which means that they're protocol aware. So they can see protocols that are going back and forth, all that good stuff, and they can flag on things that aren't necessarily protocol specific, okay? So, me, loving my exploit and interpret and everything else, I wanted to figure out a way to develop something that would never, ever, ever in any way should perform be detected again, okay? So that's usually what I go for. So, I'm going to grab my IP address really quick to clone it. I'm actually going to change it real quick. All right. There we go. And I'm just going to clone Trusted Sex so I don't get in trouble anymore. All right. That's not supposed to happen. We are connected. We're connected. Don't you worry. Don't you worry. Sorry. Stop it. There we go. We're good. That's right. Even hits the best of us, man. All right. So we're going to clone Trusted Sex.com. Now, what I'm going to do is import my own payload, all right? And this is the code that's going to be released here. And the code itself is going to be public, but it's basically Python and then it's wrapped in an executable, okay? All right. Importing my own EXE. You see it here? See that? All right. We're ready to go. Now, what I need to do is create a quick listener. Go to DEF CON. Now, what this is going to do is we're going to do a social engineering guide, but this is anything from a post-exploitation standpoint, right? So we're going to hack a company and you're actually going to see that live here in a minute. We're going to hack a company and it's going to come back to us. And what's going to happen is we're going to shoot Meterpreter in memory in an AES 256 encrypted bubble. We're going to wrap that around SSH and then we're going to create a polymorphic tunnel over HTTP. Okay? Sounds pretty cool. RFC compliant HTTP. So right now it's waiting. We launched the website and this is just the Java Apple attack that's built in set. So we go ahead and hit run. By the way, please don't report that I have a valid certificate. That's verified to publisher. I forgot about that. So we should see here in a second, we get a response back. Everything went properly. There it goes. Notice encrypted tunnel identified, sending challenge to verify, making sure it's the right session. What it's going to do is it's going to create a SSH tunnel over HTTP for us. It's going to then send the Meterpreter shell via second stage over our local host over to the victim machine and then we have a full shell running through the network over native HTTP. Yeah. It's pop a box. Now notice here we're tolling over local host. So it's actually running through our local host environments over SSH, over HTTP. And then what it does is it actually chunks it up every single time it does any type of get or post request. So it's a little slow. But it actually chunks it up different every time and changes the behavior and patterns every single time. So every single packet that you send is going to be completely different over HTTP. All right. Forgot to stop it. Nick? I think I'm up now. Yep, good. Good. So types of next gen. So welcome to the era of Marty McFly. Simply put, we're dealing with static. We saw the same slide, right? Yeah. Okay. Sorry. Static signatures anomaly detection. So basically, hello, N-A-Virus on a different level. Yeah. And if you look at this, what we started doing an analysis on a lot of the next gen firewalls is their behavioral analysis really dealt with a lot of signature-based detection with some minor modifications or changes based on what type of payload. Like, for example, you know, a lot of the next gen firewalls will flag on a second stage Meterpreter. But if you change that and modify it in any way shape or form, just a little tiny bit allows you to get around and still exfiltrate out over those protocols, whether it's HTTP or anything else. So basically it's just static-based signature again. And we're basically going back to the mid-80s, early 90s, just on the network behavioral side of the house, okay? One of the next gen firewall claims is stop APT.  Move to the perimeter. So to me, this is kind of crazy. All right. So security, we started like really doing a little bit of a decent job when we started having firewalls, DMZs, network segmentation, things like that. And we actually had layers of defense, right? Instead we're like moving to the cloud and mobile devices and laptops and just everything is completely decentralized and no longer at the perimeter. So it's all the way out and out and about. And so that's actually creates a pretty large exposure for us and something that these things aren't going to come close to touching. Now next demo. Oh, that's awesome. All right, all right, all right. Yes. Thank you, sir. Thank you, sir. We ran through a customer recently where they were basically, I don't know how you manage this, but basically they were doing whitelisting of only websites that they actually legitimately allowed. And so a lot of them still use social media and allow exceptions. But regardless, this is just anything that you can use that allows you to put information to something that's whitelisted. Now what we're going to be releasing is a new tool that allows a framework for that. That allows you to just basically insert a website that may be whitelisted that's public, that's used all the time. And then you can use it as an intermediary for encrypted protocol traffic over HCP as a thing in the middle. So what we're going to do here is just to show you an example. That's not an example. We're going to run this listener. Now what's going to happen is I'm going to launch a payload on my Windows machine. Windows machine is going to connect out the Facebook with things that I've already predefined. I'm going to direct intermediary over HCP encrypted traffic to allow us to do more of a command and control all through Facebook. Again, it's not just a Facebook issue. It's just anything that you have any type of public access to. So it's going to inject into there. We get our show. Now it's really quick. It's fast because we're continuously monitoring any major modifications based off of the notification system, which is nice. Now as soon as I type in something like IPing a fig, it takes a second because I have to post it, then read it back in, execute the command, post it back up with the data. So it's a little bit of a lag. It usually takes about four seconds, but I gave it age just in case, especially for demo purposes. And then we're able to use Facebook as essentially a man in the middle to communicate. And it can be any website. Any website that you have the ability to put any type of information off. And that's the new one we're releasing for a framework. All right. So the next one is my favorite. This is the best demo. This is kind of the pinnacle, okay? So we're going to go through a bunch of different technologies, everything that we use for corporations, and then from there we're going to kind of expand on it and see what we can actually do, okay? So behavior analysis. The best, let's say, we can liken this to the FBI and their behavioral analysis unit. They base their profiles on behavior, and that's exactly what behavior analysis does. But the problem is people can change their behavior. And so can the attacks, the malware, everything that the attacks actually base on can be changed. So we estimate about 30 seconds for this to be bypassed. And we're going to demo how that's going to be done. Application whitelisting. Really painting the butts of managers, especially in large corporations, but a lot of companies are moving towards that because you get to more of a trusted model where you only allow whitelisted applications. That's all fine and dandy, but all the whitelisted applications we use as an exploit play field. So it doesn't really do much good. So we're going to use that as well, okay? And I've actually really don't really need to slide on that, but I just kind of put it in there. Filler. Just like do anything, and it's good. So here we go. Monitoring and detection could be a good concept, right, because you want to detect these attacks. Most companies outsource them to MSSBs, right, who have no idea what their network is, anything about their data, and they're looking for port scans. Sounds good. That's our monitoring detection. Content filtering works awesome. No, it does not. It does not work at all because why? We can change the content. Exactly. That's all I got to say about that. So is everybody ready for one of the most epic demos ever? This is one of the most epic demos ever. You don't hear that a lot in talks. Bring out your chicken. All right. So what we're going to do here, and this could go horribly wrong or go horribly right, okay? I've actually got a customer who said that he would let a social engineer or somebody on stage real time. And I can't think of anybody else better to do it than one of my good friends Kevin Mitnick up here. So what I'm going to do first is I'm going to give Sam a call just to make sure that he's still good and hasn't chickened out yet. So we give Sam a call. Make sure he's all good with it. And then as soon as we're good with it, we've actually got five numbers. So this could go horribly wrong where we are. So either way, we'll figure it out. So hopefully you don't see this right now, so that's fine. Let's see what you're seeing on the screen right now. Just blank. Okay, cool. I don't want to give the phone numbers out.  Not going to lie. So just one second here to set this up. All right, you ready? All right, mirror display. Yes, I have live shell windows up. So can we see the screen with the shells up? Yep, good. All right, let's do this.  See, Paul, that's how you roll a T-shirt. You got to put a rock inside of it. The Browns are recruiting. We still have them. Hey, Sam, it's Dave. Kenny, how you doing? Good, good. Hey, I just wanted to verify that we're still good to do our little thing that we agreed upon. You're actually talking in front of everybody at that. That's perfect. All right, listen, we're going to try to keep the company amount as much as possible. I'm going to expect the audience to be very tame and not start tweeting about the company. In fact, if they accidentally say their name on the phone or something like that, is that okay? Is that good with everybody? Yes, that's perfect. Just a couple questions real quick. And again, we're not going to use any of this for our attack. We just want to see what type of technologies you have in place, okay? All right, are you using any type of whitelisting technology? Yes, we are. Do you do egress filtering? Yes. All right, and then as far as anything else, do you have any type of like virtualization, sandboxing technology at your SMTP gateways? Absolutely, we do. All right, thanks, Sam. I'll give you a call back after this is done. All right, I'll let you know how it goes. Okay, I'll report it.  We got three more to go, so bear with this, all right? That's right, we're going to try and through until we get it. What are we paying you for? Yes, may I speak to James, please? Hello? Hello? Yeah, James. Hello, James. James, can you hear me? Oh, great, great. This is Tom Baudet over with the HR department specifically benefits. How's it going today? Hello? Okay, I'm sorry. I'm having issues with my phone. Is this James? Oh, great, great, great. This is Tom Baudet. I'm over with HR. I work specifically in benefits. And we sent you over a form about a week ago on our benefits privacy form. Did you actually receive it? I don't understand. You don't? Well, unfortunately, I'm calling several people. You're the eighth person I'm talking to today. We must have had an issue getting them out. And we have to send you this form because legal is requiring that you accept a new policy. It's part of a legal requirement to continue receiving benefits. So it's kind of important and we need to get this done today. It's Friday. And do you have a moment? Do you have a fax machine? Or do you have a computer handy? Or better yet, are you new to your PC? I'm at my computer. Do you have a moment? Okay, okay, great. If you could open up a browser. Do you use Internet Explorer or Firefox? Yeah, we have Internet Explorer. Okay, if you could go ahead and open it up for me. And what we're going to do is I'm just going to have you accept a new policy over your computer so you don't have to go ahead and fax it to us. It makes it easier and quick so you don't have to fill out a form. Okay, tell me when you're ready. Okay, if you can go to www.health h-e-a-l-t-h health benefits. And this is all one word. No spaces. portal.com www.health benefits.portal.com And tell me when you get there. Correct. And you should, when you get there, you should like see a pop-up. When the site loads, you should see a pop-up come up. Repeat that. Yeah, click okay, that's right. Okay, now go ahead. Well, since you clicked okay on the pop-up, we went ahead and just automatically accepted the policy. So if you receive that, if you find that email or you find that in spam that we sent you earlier, just go ahead and ignore it because everything is fine. No, okay. Well, unfortunately, I have to call six more people that didn't fill out the form either, so it's kind of my Friday work. All right. Well, have a great weekend and talk to you soon. All right. All right, take care. Bye-bye. Oh, snap.  Can we just stop there? Yeah. Well, so you might be wondering why I got multiple shells. Now, the way that this attack works is I love that Windows is end-of-living XP. Like, that is the best thing that could have ever happened to us since like ever. So what we can do with PowerShell is Matthew Graber came out with an awesome attack a while back that allows you to basically inject a shell code straight into memory, all right, through PowerShell natively. Now, I did a talk a couple years back with an individual named Josh Kelly myself, where he presented how to basically take your malicious code, cast a unit code, base 64 encoded, and then you can get around and execute it. And then, you know, base 64 encoded, and then you can get around execution restriction policies. So we don't have to worry about execution restriction policies. That's still the same case. So in Windows 7, Windows 8, et cetera, et cetera, we have the ability to directly access memory without ever touching disk on a whitelisted process. Sounds pretty awesome, right? So I recently released what's called a native x86 downgrade attack through PowerShell, which allows you to natively, so if you're on a 64-bit platform or an x86 platform, it doesn't matter. It's an x86 process to allow you to inject native 32-bit shell code into memory to actually execute. So basically, we have full execution on all systems through PowerShell no matter what. And as you saw here, again, we were able to basically circumvent a lot of the different types of technologies out there. And this one was special custom shell code that basically encrypts the first stage, puts it back, and then you use the Chicago set stage encoding and it works out well. By the way, it's all default and set right now. So you can use this right now and set. So the truth is, since hacking is a people problem, it's people coming up with new ways to get into organizations. It's people that are sitting there attacking our infrastructure. It's people that are continuously trying to attack us. It cannot be solved solely by the use of technology. That's not going to fix the security issue. Technology itself isn't going to fix it. And so defense in depth, air quotes taken way out of context. It doesn't mean using multiple technology layers. It means using multiple layers in general. This is why these things do not work. They're not implemented correctly. Why? The main reason why we have the problems today is we're lazy. Anybody agree with that? Yeah.  I mean we expect that we don't have enough staffing, we don't have enough funding, we don't have enough of this. What we're going to do is buy a piece of technology. We're going to implement it. We don't have enough people and resources to support any of the other technology that we have. So those go to waste. Then we focus our six months to a year road map cycle of implementing this into our company while the rest of it goes to crap. And then we implement something else and then we continue to do something else again . So this is a 12-step program of actually fixing security. And it's not going to cost you a penny. I'm a big advocate of being able to do things that don't cost you a ton of money that you really can fix. So the first thing is get your hands dirty. We actually have to talk to people and trust me I know. We actually have to talk to people and interact with them and figure out our business and how they actually make money and how we actually have assets and how we protect those assets. That requires us to actually do some work ahead of time. Step two, and I was building TET in the 80s or 90s. I might screw that up. Early 90s. Thank you, sir. Thank you. Thank you. So we're good with that. So getting back to the 90s, I remember sitting there and hearing, hey, here's how you build a firewall. Here's how you do egress filtering. Here's how you do network segmentation. Like all those core critical concepts that we don't do today on our flat networks and our flat infrastructure and the rest of them. So isolating people to the only access that they need. Data that they need. Systems that they need. Segmenting, accounting, and finance and everybody else away from each other so that they only have access to the certain systems. Those are concepts that we built in 90s. I know. Again, revolutionary. I'm a heritage talk here. I'm serious. And this works. A recent engagement, really small. What we just did would not work. They didn't have anything revolutionary. They were just using exactly what Dave said. We did not perform this. We had a custom executable that we actually had used the week before at a large organization. I think the fish, it was about a thousand shells or something like that. It was when it just kept popping up. It was really cool to watch. It's completely true in the real world. Now, education awareness. Interesting concept. I got to know new revolutionary. We haven't been talking about this a lot. Education awareness, really trying to touch Bruce Schneider. Never mind. Anyways, so education awareness is a concept to really focus on people. Making sure that they understand key concepts. We all know that. Making security a friend. You know, people want hugs. There's no question about it. Except for Andrew from Maltego. He only gives me one on his birthday every year, but other than that, he wants hugs. But making friends with security. He's not an inhibitor of the business versus something else. Step five is my favorite. The one year challenge.  Not a whole thing. Not one thing for a year. Stay away from something and focus on what you already have and start focusing on that defensive strategy around security. At the end of the day, that's what's going to make it or break it for your company. This is my thing in security right here. If it introduces complexity, it doesn't work. If it's simple for you to understand, then you should put it in your environment. Something that's going to take you four years to implement. Dude, really? Seriously? That's where we're at right now? You need to focus on the basics. Getting back to the easy things. That's ultimately what's going to stop us. Penetration testing. I'm a little bit biased here. Understanding where your risks and identifying your risks and simulating that and getting this to step nine. Eight, okay. Take a one-week hiatus. Go get your chi, grab a beer, sit for a week and actually think about what you're actually going to do and how you're going to do it. Because we come into this thing where we're firefighting every single day. So we don't do anything. We sit there and we firefight and firefight and firefight. Just take a week back, crack open a beer. I know this isn't any meaning, but it's okay. Crack open a beer and you'll be fine. It's one of the most fantastic books and you apply it to security and it actually really works. It's the guy from 37 Signals that wrote it. It was actually amazing. Step ten, I already talked about this a little bit, but removing complexity from your mind and going back to the basics. Step eleven, actually just do it. Don't like pontificate and talk about doing it. Actually go and do it. Change it. And lastly, just rinse and repeat. Do the same thing over and over again. You'll be fine. Thank you for your talk. I appreciate it. Thank you very much.