How to four times your sales with the same amount of customers, part one of two. Now improving your sales is the goal of almost every single business and individual that's selling anything. But in this video, I'm going to give you the steps to doing it and ways to hack the system so you can increase your sales for up to four times what they normally are with the same amount of customers. Hey, let's get started on this before we do. The one thing we really have to hack is we have to hack that subscribe button down there. Hit that subscribe button. Make sure you subscribe. It's so very important. I would really appreciate it. And when you subscribe, you're going to see a bell pop up like this. You would ring the bell, turn on all bell notifications so that you are notified every single time I do a new video. And if you like the video, give me a thumbs up. I'd really appreciate that. OK, let's get started right now.  Now, split this into two videos because it's just way too many, way too many things you could do for one single video. Number one, this may sound counterintuitive, but be honest in your sales copy. OK, be honest. Don't make promises of things that really can't happen. And, you know, people have gotten really wise to this over the years. There's been so many scams on our telephones, on our computers, through the mail. I mean, just the scams everywhere that we've got this like scam alert thing going on where we just don't believe anything. So if you have sales copy that seems a little bit too salesy, if you offer a little bit too much, if you say you can do too much, they're not going to believe it. You're probably going to cost yourself a sale instead of talking more people into it.  Eating meat increases the risk of heart disease and cancer, which whatever side you're on is just not true. Number two is get more ad clicks with ad extensions. With ad extensions, you can put geographic locations. You could put information about your business. Let me see if I can pull up something. Here we go. What do you know? I happen to have it. This is Rayban sunglasses right here and you see there's ad extensions here. You can go to men's sunglasses. You can go to women's sunglasses. That is an ad extension of a normal ad. Number three, use testimonials of customers. Testimonials of customers means so very much. And I put I put one here on the screen here. It's got the guy's name here. It says Wistia. It's got it's got Gary Vaynerchuk of Wine Library. It's got Tina Roth, Elzenberg of Tatley and Tuducks. I had no idea what that is. However, these are testimonials that were found on a site and they're using them efficiently and well. OK, the next thing you want to do is create a sense of urgency. Now, you can actually do this on your website. I want to go over here and show you the screen here first. OK, here is LL Bean right here. And it says save 10 percent when your entire order offer ends Monday. Use promo code was an NOV10 at checkout. So here's an example of urgency that you could put on your website. And when they see that something's going to end, they know it's important. If you just have a sale price, they go, well, you know what? That's a pretty good sales price. I probably get that busy right now. I'll probably get it next week. But if this is Sunday night and they see this ad and it ends Monday, they're probably going to go ahead and buy right now. And that sense of urgency will get you more sales because the person who says I'm going to get it next week or wait till next week never does. They never go back. They never do it. They forget all about it. They get inundated by other ads and other things going on. And maybe somebody else's urgency gets them. Number five, offer a bulletproof money back guarantee. Now you may be saying to yourself, well, if somebody buys this and they want their money back, then, you know, that's not good. I don't want to give somebody's money back. Well, here's the truth.  OK, and that that is a number that you'll never know. But I can almost promise you you're going to get more sales. You can test it. You could run, you know, a thousand clicks to one page that offers no guarantee and a thousand clicks to another page. And I almost promise you, I almost promise you you're going to get more sales than the ones that do have a guarantee. Now, will you have some refunds? Of course you will, but generally those refunds never outweigh the amount of sales that you've gained by having a really good warranty. Here's one on the screen right here by LifeLock. It's a one million dollar, a LifeLock identity theft service guarantee. And you can read all that stuff if you want. I'm not going to read all that stuff. Number six, offer fewer choices. I think that's really important. If you send them to a page and you've got 10 different products for them to pick from, they oftentimes will vacillate and not buy anything. I like to offer them one particular product. That's it. Now, you can offer a multiple quantities, one, five or ten of a product, but it's all the same product when you start offering multiple products on a page like that, you don't do too well. Number seven, you can target lookalike audiences on Facebook. If you have an audience that's doing really well on Facebook that you've been advertising to and I do have the Facebook ads course you can find in the description below. You can create lookalike audiences. And what they are is Facebook goes out and finds the demographics of the people that bought from you. And then they go out and find another audience of people that are just like that, the same likes and dislikes and friends and geographic locations and age and income. And I don't know whatever they do out there, but they do a bunch of different stuff and that'll gain you some more sales too. Number eight, make the checkout process streamline. You don't want a lot of clicks. You don't want a lot of friction there. You want to make it as easy as possible. I see a lot of websites where you have to put in redundant information. Maybe you got to put your address in twice. You know, maybe you got to click through four different screens to get to where you want. You know, Amazon's got it figured out because they have one click checkout. You're already logged in. They got everything they need on you. You already got a credit card there. They already get your address. They got, I mean, you may want to verify some of this stuff, but one click checkout, you know, they've actually registered the name one click checkout because they know it works better and they're going to sell more products. You should take a cue from that. Number nine, provide as many payment options as possible. You know, maybe you want to have Google pay. Maybe you want to have PayPal. You know, maybe you want to have payments on PayPal. Maybe you want to have credit cards. You know, we find that the more payment options we have there, the more sales we get. So you do want to offer a whole bunch of different payment options. Number 10, invest in quality product images. You know, we sell food on one of our sites that we have some pretty good images of that food, that food needs to look good. It needs to be appetizing. But no matter what your product is, make sure you have good product images. I see a lot of people who do dropshipping and they use the images that were on the dropshipper site and it's the same image as you'll see on every single site and it's not too. It doesn't make you want to buy the product. I'll put it that way. They don't look too good. So if you can, you want to make sure you get professional images that look good, really high quality, glossy images that are going to sell your product. Number 11, improve your landing pages. OK, the landing pages that people go to should be of really high quality. They should not have a whole lot of copy unless necessary. All the heavy copy I always have below the fold on the top of the actual page itself. We just want to have a product there and a way to buy the product and what it is and what the price is really simple. OK, don't over complicate this. Number 12, you could try this one. This is not something we do, but it is pretty effective. And that's give Gmail ads a try. Gmail ads have really come on strong in recent years and you can actually target the people through their actual Gmail. Now, when you do in these Gmail ads, you can actually target your competitors keywords. So some of your competitors, it could be their brand name. It could be their products up along those lines. But they found that when people are in their email and they're checking their Gmail and they see some of these ads, you know, it can really, really increase your sales. Now, those are some of the things you can do. And I could go into great detail on every single one of those things. But I don't want to do that. I have other videos on this channel that will do that for me. Now, rarely do I see a website that's done all of those things that we just went over. OK, that was how many things, 12 different things. And I have 13 in the next video also. So it's a total of 25. But if you just do some of these and I think that's the one thing that scares people, they look at this and they go, well, I can't do all 25 of these things, JR. So I might as well not do anything. It's not an all or nothing thing. Once again, I just said that in another video. It is a situation where you look at all the things you can do and you start doing some of them just because you can't do all of them. Doesn't mean you shouldn't do any of them, right? If you added eight of these or six of these to your things that you're doing on a daily basis to sell your products. Obviously, that's going to improve your sales. But if you do none of these things, obviously, your sales are going to remain the same. And I know you want to increase your sales. I know you do. Everybody does. And by doing these items right here, you definitely can increase your sales. It will improve your overall bottom line, which is what we want to do. Now, I want to hear about what you are selling. What's what's working for you on your website? What's not working for you on your website? You can communicate directly with me in the comments below. All you got to do is type your comments below. I'll be happy to answer them. I can't answer everybody. I totally understand that. However, if you have a really good comment, I mean, a really good one, I'm going to pin it to the top so everybody can see it. OK, so when you put your comments below, you may get your comment pinned to the top and it's going to get you more recognition as a person who participates. And I will tell you the people that participate, the people that comment on my videos are the people who usually do a whole lot better in life in general. OK, they're proactive people. They don't wait for stuff to happen. They're actively participating. And if you do the same thing, you can be one of those people. You want to be that, right? Now, the other thing you can do to really improve your sales is hit my subscribe button down there. How will that improve your sales? Well, if you subscribe, you're going to see more videos. If you see more videos, you're going to know more ways to make money online. Once you subscribe, a bell is going to pop up next to that subscribe button. You want to ring it? Turn on all bell notifications. That way, you know every single time I do a new video. The other way you can improve your sales is go down there and grab my free course. It's a $97 course. You can get it absolutely free. All you have to do is click and learn. No credit card required. I really appreciate you listening to this video. I really appreciate you being a subscriber. Your comments mean the world to me. So put those in there. Don't forget to ask me questions. If you need help with something on your website, you can put that on there, too. You know, I've sold millions of dollars of both digital and physical products. Love helping you out. And if you put those comments below, I can help you directly on a one on one basis. You know, I've met a lot of people online through doing these videos. And a lot of times it comes out of the comments down there. OK, so maybe you want to put a comment. Maybe we can meet up. Maybe I can help you in some way. Thank you so much for watching this video. I really appreciate it. And now what you want to do is you want to go to video two. There will be a link below in the description where you can get to video two and watch the second half of this video. So important that you do that. You want to get all the information. Don't get part of it. I'll see you over there in the next video. Come on, let's go.


want to do a recap of the day. That was Bob Bram, VP of Marketing at the Symmetrix Division. We've had a number of folks on from that organization, in particular, Brian Gallagher, who's a good friend and had been on theCUBE a number of times. And it's the flagship product of EMC, really, Symmetrix. I remember when it was first launched, my jaw dropped. A lot of people aren't as old as I am. That's why they don't remember this. But back in the late 80s, IBM had 90% of the storage business. It was unbelievable. They were just the dominant player. Anything IBM did, it took maybe competitors 15, 18 months to respond. So they dominated it. EMC essentially completely changed that game with Symmetrix. New platform, used smaller five and a quarter inch disks at the time to replace these big 9, 14 inch disks. More economical, used cash as a way to increase the performance. And it completely changed a lot of businesses, airlines, financial services. And then obviously we know the story. EMC now a $20 billion company and proud owner of VMware, one of the greatest acquisitions in the history of the computer industry. Quite amazing. That really is a form of disruption. Now EMC is in the position of really, they've got that install base. It's a legacy install base. But undoubtedly one that's driving a lot of maintenance revenue. And the company's putting a lot of effort into the architecture, into putting on new capabilities, like thin provisioning, which is popularized by the likes of companies like 3par, simplifying the clicks, the number of clicks that it takes to actually provision. So you're seeing EMC continue to make improvements to that platform, and it throws off a lot of cash. We're going to be taking a close look at this in the Wikibon community. Looking at tier one, right now there's really three so-called tier one class players. EMC with Symmetrics, IBM with the DS8000, and Hitachi with the VSP. And 3par is knocking on the door. With the T-Class and now the V-Class series, are very interesting products that are competing for that high-end market share. But EMC, I think unquestionably, is the leader there. And that space is starting to heat up again with virtualization and cloud. One of the things we didn't talk to Bob about was cloud service providers and what kind of traction it is getting inside of that space, a theme that we've talked about a lot at Silicon Angle and Wikibon. Now, earlier today, we heard from, I had recapped earlier, we heard from Tucci and Gelsinger from EMC and the keynote. They got a lot of good space this morning. And then we heard from Mark Herd and Thomas Curian, who was the VP of product development at Oracle. And he talked about Exadata and basically the secret sauce behind Exadata, what makes Exadata so great. And there are really four things that he talked about. The first was offloading disk storage functions, something that he called smart scanning. The second was fast connectivity, which is really the server to disk communications using Infiniband. He didn't mention Infiniband specifically, but that's what it does. And then heuristics to match data and device characteristics, so you can move the most frequently accessed data into high speed memory and cache and flash, and the slower low performance data onto spinning disk, which is very important because there's now so much data in the world, 1.2 zettabytes shipped last year, growing 44x by the end of the decade. There's so much data, it's virtually impossible for humans to manage that placement of data. Takes too long, humans aren't fast enough. We just can't deal with all that data, so you now need to rely on automation to do that. And that's what he talked about. And the fourth was really columnar compression. Now, individually, none of these technologies are that radical or any of themselves that disruptive, nor were they necessarily invented by Oracle. Others are introducing these innovations. What Oracle did was, however, package those into Exadata and is doing a fabulous job of marketing and executing, and that has really disrupted the business in a big way. The sun acquisition has really changed the company quite dramatically. We talked earlier about the financial analysis of Oracle. You can't not be impressed with the performance of the company financially. The firm has maintained outstanding operating margins, about 38% last quarter. That compares to 36% for Microsoft. I believe somewhere in the high 20s for SAP, which is very good. Take a company like EMC that prints cash, 15% operating margins, roughly. I'm using rough figures from top of my head. Apple is quite high. Not as high as Oracle. And so this is post-acquisition of sun. Oracle, it's stated goals. Africa has stated the goal that it wants to return to pre-sun acquisition operating margins of roughly 42%. Now that is unheard of in this business. A lot of that operating margin is coming from maintenance. Oracle's got, we've said it before, they've got the customer lock-in, mother of all lock-ins with the Oracle platform. But the company continues to deliver new products that its customer base wants at a pace that's quite fast. Oracle spends a lot of money on R&D, over $4 billion a year. And that has allowed the company to keep pace with the industry. And very importantly, I wouldn't consider it. Nobody really considers, on our team anyway, Oracle the V innovator. They consider them a follower, but a fast follower, a fast enough follower. What do I mean by that? What I mean by that is Oracle will introduce innovations into its product line at almost the perfect right time to allow customers to evaluate, to essentially freeze the market on the competition, get its act together, and eventually keep its customers on its platforms. What's an example? A good example is SAP's HANA platform. We heard a lot about that at SAP Sapphire in May. And customers are really enthused about it. It's an in-memory appliance. It's a platform, an architecture that allows you to do analytics in memory, dramatic improvements in performance. Well, Oracle, this week we heard about exolitics, and which is an in-memory platform. Clearly, its marketing is positioning to maintain the Oracle customer base, it deposition some of the competitors, freezes the market on them. Same thing with big data. You saw Oracle announce a Hadoop appliance this week. You think of Hadoop, you think of unstructured data. The wrap on Hadoop, essentially, is the following.   That was the approach. Well, when Google started to crawl the web and needed to index the entire web, it realized it couldn't put everything into a relational database management system. So what it did is it invented MapReduce. And MapReduce allowed Google to deal with unstructured data, leave it in a distributed fashion, and then others saw that, Doug Cutting in particular, and began to develop what is now known as Hadoop, the Hadoop project, which is an open source Apache project, and it's really taken off. And it's really defined, it's the poster child, I should say, of big data. And so it's a lot of unstructured data. It's not hierarchical, not a lot of two-phase commits going on, and a lot of things that you would normally see in a traditional Oracle database environment. Very unstructured, very loose. Trying to draw inferences from distributed data all over the web. Data scientists hacking away at data. That's what the big data movement has become. Well, here comes Oracle in saying, well, you know what? We're going to develop a connector to Hadoop. And we're going to let Hadoop go off and do all that crazy processing that it's doing. But when you get the really important data that you want, we're going to bring that into the data warehouse. And we're going to do additional analytics on that. Now, whether or not that is the right approach, or if that's a boat anchor, remains to be seen. Some people, the purists, we're going to say, well, that's a legacy approach and it's just going to slow down big data. Others are going to say in the enterprise, well, that actually fits the bill for me because I need a single version of the truth. So, and I think that in general, big data and traditional data warehouses are going to complement each other and you're going to see that feeding, as I mentioned. Okay, so we are just about out of time today and appreciate you guys watching. We're going to bring in Mark, Riz and Hopkins and just do a recap on the day today. So, Mark, come on in here. I think we've still got a good audience watching. Yeah, a big audience. It's been an amazing day for people just happening by and to this Oracle Open World coverage that we've got going here. So, Mark, you and I and Qian and others have been doing events now for about a year and a half. Roughly. Oracle Open World, this is our second time here. We've done EMC World a couple of times, SAP Sapphire. We did Citrix Synergy this year. Yeah. We had Duke World, Strata. What's your take on Oracle Open World and the vibe here? Well, it's actually, it's fun because it's fun to kind of fly in. For us in our unique position, it's fun for us. It's more fun than the other shows because we get to just come in here and with like no attachments, say whatever we want. That to me is a little bit more fun rather than to come in and, if we feel an affinity to some of the other companies that we cover and some of the other industry conferences, like you go into EMC World and we're actually digging in and sometimes it's not quite as fun to sit there and, okay, we got to learn about, but it's like school, right? We got to learn about the products and all the new things that are being announced. The Oracle Open World, it's, first of all, I mean, we dub it Oracle Close World. I mean, we start out with a joke and they just go from there, right? Yeah, so, right. But in terms of a vibe, though, it's definitely less, it's less of a community atmosphere. I think it's obviously more getting business done like SAP is, kind of an SAP business conference. Yeah, you know, I thought Ray Wang hit it because my feeling is that SAP was even more business oriented, really articulating the business value there. Senior management messaging was all around that business value, whereas Oracle, you know, their senior management got pretty techy. They were a lot of speeds and feeds and somebody was joking and maybe not joking, but basically mentioning, hey, that's a lot of sun messaging. But that's how Oracle's competing and it's obviously working, but the CIOs at the, well, I think it was a bigger CIO audience at Sapphire is the sense that I got. Yeah, I would agree. Yeah, and then at Synergy was sort of a mix, right? A lot of desktop folks. That was a unique conference, wasn't it? It was interesting, wasn't it? Yeah, it was more desktop oriented than anything that we've been to, I think. First time we actually sat down with Panologic. First time that we- Wise. Wise. I mean, we knew, I've known about the thin client for ages and it's just the first time I had my eyes open to- Larry Ellison and Scott McNeely introduced us to the skin thin client, right? Exactly, right. So, yeah, so that was good. But what about mobile? I mean, we have not heard much talk about mobile. Got the iPhone 5 coming out tomorrow. Tomorrow is going to be one of the biggest days in mobile. I mean, there's, I've been sitting here going through the list of rumors as to which ones that we're going to bring up and talk about as we close out today. But bottom line is is this closed door Apple announcement tomorrow is going to be one of the biggest in recent company history and it's just got to dominate the news outside of Oracle. Inside of Oracle and keep in mind we haven't done all of our feet on the ground research on this yet, but inside of Oracle our editorial team feels that they're kind of weak in the mobile department. If you look at the sponsor list of the mobile pavilion, there's six sponsors list of six exhibitors. That's like Jabra, well, because Verizon is there. There's some big names, but there's only six of them, right? Yeah, and it just didn't feel like there was a lot of innovation going on. And there wasn't a lot of messaging. There wasn't any messaging really around mobile and the keynotes, at least that I heard. And I'm curious and somewhat concerned about that because I thought it played very well at both Sapphire and Synergy, Citrix Synergy. And the discussion with the CIOs that we had was all around the app store for the enterprise. And in particular, we had a number of CIOs at Sapphire that said, yeah, we're building an app store. That's where we want to go. And that's all about mobile. And Oracle's huge application company haven't heard anything about that vision. It's really, I think what we've learned from all the other places it stops on the summer tour is that you can't talk about enterprise anymore without discussing mobile. And Oracle just kind of with the keynote and the open and the general marketing of the entire event said, oh, yes, you can. You could talk about enterprise when I talk about mobile because we're not going to do it. It's mind boggling to me. And I guess the concern is that Oracle doesn't make a ton of mistakes. So what are we missing here? I mean, is it just that Oracle's late to the game and going to come in eventually and scoop up some mobile companies and get into the business? Or is it strategy simply to enable the backend infrastructure? Yeah, well, I mean, that's, they do seem to have a more of a pure infrastructure approach to everything on the software and the hardware side. So that may be the thinking there. Mobile in general is a very ultra competitive, right? Why jump into an ultra competitive market where you're not going to have the advantage, where you have the advantage in just about every other place where you compete, you know? Well, I mean, Java's powering a lot of mobile. Yeah, and they've got their fingers in it, but they're not really... It doesn't seem to be a fundamental part of the strategy. It's certainly not part of the messaging. Right. And I wonder if that's because they don't see how to make a ton of money out of it yet. Yeah, I think it must be it. Although you would think that enabling the app store for the enterprise and enabling Oracle apps to run on mobile devices in an aggressive way would give it competitive advantage. Although you could argue that Oracle does have a mobile strategy and it's entirely run by the legal department, you know? The whole Java lawsuit thing, you know? Right, which, you know, I'm not a lawyer, but I've done, I've read the terms, I've read the licensing agreement and it looks to me like that lawsuit has merit. Yeah, Clint Finley wrote about it today over on services angle. Glenn Manchin is a legal, occasional legal contributor to Silicon Angle who's written about it from time to time. And, yeah, there's something there. Everybody agrees that it's a very evil move. I mean, no question about it.  Yeah, well, I mean, I don't think Oracle cares if people like them, that's not their primary objective. Yes. All right, so iPhone news tomorrow. We'll be covering that. We'll be back here for day two. Let's see, day two. What do we got day two tomorrow? I don't have the schedule handy.  We got some spotlights going on. We got some folks from Intel, I believe. I'm looking forward to the Intel discussion. They're always interesting folks. Yeah, hopefully we'll have David Fleuer on. Yes. He's done a critical analysis of the Spark 4 Supercluster. That's up on Wikibon. Now's a good time. I mean, for those of you who aren't familiar with Oracle and all the parlance associated with Oracle, all the acronyms and all the buzzwords, check out siliconangle.com. Check out siliconangle.tv. You'll see some of the videos here. Check out wikibon.org, great resources. Search away, ask a question, hit edit, write a tip. If you can't find what you need, let us know. You can tweet us at wikibon, at siliconangle. You are at Risen, right? I'm at Risen. At Furrier, at D. Volante. You'll let us know what you want. We'll try our best to get it for you. So, great day today. Yes.  Yeah. I'm looking forward to tomorrow. You can only get better, right? Yeah, so do we have any more guests on? No, we are guest list for the rest of the day. It's kind of closing. I mean, people are starting to make their way towards the exits, so. All right, good. So, okay, well, I guess we're a wrap. Thanks for watching, everybody. This is Dave Volante of wikibon.org. And I'm here with Mark Risen Hopkins of SiliconANGLE. Mark, thanks for helping me close today. Yes, absolutely. And we will see you at 10 a.m. Pacific Time tomorrow. Thanks for watching, everybody. Bye for now.


Polymers are widely used in the biomedical industry but require surface modifications before being used in certain applications. For common methods of surface modification include laser treatment, ion implantation, plasma treatment, and nanoparticle grafting. These methods alter the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, its morphology, and its biocompatibility. Mammalian cells can be used to assess the effectiveness of these surface modifications, including mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation. The results of this study suggest that surface modification can improve the biocompatibility of polymers, making them more suitable for use in the biomedical industry. This article was authored by Uldrich Nadeela, Petroslepica, and Voslav Sworsik.


live from Mars, it's Ask an Engineer. Okay, everybody, and welcome to Ask Engineer. It's me, Lady Aida, the engineer with me, Mr. Lady Aida, who is controlling the Ornithopters, who is this dune planet that we live. That's right. You guys are saying show for you tonight. Lots of stuff going on. We're going to break on through the Hangouts, but still lots of new products, tutorials, tutorials. Let's talk about some current news and more. The API, some cool pictures. It's actually in yellow, is it, seems. What is yellow as it was before? Well, we have some pictures from today here in New York City. Yeah, where we do all the news is the number one, this toxic air today. Yay. Number one, take that, Delhi, India. In New York City, where we do all of our engineering and tutorial writing and viewing. We do our manufacturing here. We love this place, even when sometimes it's trying to kill us. So let's go straight into the show. What's on tonight's videos? On tonight's show, the code is audio BFF. It'll make sense soon, but you can probably guess it's going to be one of our products. 10% off the native store all the way up to 11.59. Tonight, talk about some of our live shows, including show and tell. Thank you, Liz, for doing show and tell. We have a finite from JP's product pick of the week. We have some eight fruit factory footage, very cool, IonMPI, some live demos with top secret stuff from our lady, Ada. New products. To re-answer your questions, we do that over on Discord, aderford.it, slash disco. We've heard a lot of your questions. Probably the best time is towards the end, but if I open there at that time, it's cool. That's cool. All that and more on, do you guessed it? Ask an engineer. Okay, so let's first pay some bills. Code is audio BFF. We have our freebies have been re-stocked. That's right. $99 or more, you get the half size Promo Proto breadboard. We've had that for quite a while. 149, we still have KB2040s and RP2040 microcontroller. That's ProMicro pinout. It's got cast lead pads, STEMIQT, USB-C. Great for building all sorts of projects with a powerful chip that can do Arduino or circuit Python or micropython. And back, you guessed it, the Circuit Playground Express makes its triumphant return. We have more in stock. We are slowly but surely getting those SAMD21 chips in, which lets us make the Circuit Playground Expresses. You know it, you love it. It's available if you order $299 or more in the shop and then $199 or more, you get for UPS ground shipping in the Continental United States. Yeah. JP's product pick of the week, that is when we broadcast live from the product page where the discount's automatically applied. Here is this week's highlight tick away JP. The ADS-1X15 ADC. This is the 16-bit one. This is the 1115. We also have the 1015, which is a 12-bit. This will give you up to four channels of high quality, high resolution analog to digital conversion. Perfect for knobs and sliders and soft potentiometers or other analog sensor reading needs. I'm gonna be reading those knobs and turning those values into the frequency here on a pair of sawtooth waveform oscillators. So here I wanted to tune a nice interval and I can really fine tune that thanks to that high resolution of those ADCs. The ADS-1X15 16-bit and 12-bit ADC breakouts with Stem-a-Q-T. And different JP's workshop is tomorrow. Tune into that. There is deep dive with Tim on Friday's Happy Pride Month, everyone. You'll notice just like we do every single year, we have the flags going. The flags evolve each year and so have we. So you can check out the progress flag that we have across the different pages on Adafruit. And as usual, we have some editorial. You can go to the blog right now and check out post-celebrating people in the community, historic figures, folks that have made a dent in this universe here. I thought this was kind of neat. Here's Usenet and Internet Pioneer, Marianne. Pardon? If you've ever used Usenet, you probably know. That's cool. Work. So check this out all month long as we celebrate and more. And you'll see some surprises and cool stuff. Across the blog, social media properties. Because we were asked throughout the day today, we're like, hey, how's it in New York? So this is just straight off my iPhone. Didn't do any filters or anything. This is normally where you can see the Empire State Building. So this is Lower Manhattan looking north. Right in the center is where Empire State Building is. Can't see that. Here he is from the video in the beginning that you saw. This is just us on our way to the office or back as one of the two. And the sun was pretty covered up by the clouds. Looks like we're on one o'clock or so is when it was orangey. And this is just going across the crosswalk. So we're wearing masks. All of our team members have KN95s. We've had those since Co-Pesh. And we have high quality air filters at stations. Folks are- It's all those nice heap of filters. Yeah. Folks are free to use their pay time off but they have any health issues. They've ran out of pay time off. We've said, hey, let us know. We'll juice you up so you can get out of here for any health reasons. So we're watching the situation. Looks like it's improved. This is what all of our lives have been in the last, you know, day. It's like, watch out. So the red sections is unhealthy. People in California are kind of used to this with wildfires. This is somewhat new to New York. I think they're saying that air quality in New York hasn't been like this since they've been measuring it. So this is where it peaked earlier today. And then as a public service, we reposted and posted up our guide. So this is from Brent. And Brent put together pretty good- He's in Rhode Island in New York. So he's definitely stood in. So you put together a pretty good list of resources. We want to get the word out. So I put this on the social media places in our blog, this is where Brent put it. What's in the air information sensors and guides are building a DIY air quality sensor. So it's not too late. You might want to consider building one of these because this is gonna happen, yeah. You can look at what AQI is. How does it correlate with the particulate matter in the air? Can you measure it yourself? Yeah, matter of fact, you can. What if you wanted to build something? What if you wanted to make it open source? And what if you wanted to log it somewhere? So these are all the things that you can do pretty much right now. You probably already have the components in your house. Use the code. Audio BFF to get 10% off to make some of these things on your own. So that's something we felt we would try to get out there and this is gonna happen again. And just the way things are going, we have air quality sensors and data for CO2 sensors because we want to see how many people in there. We have AQI sensors to see what the index is around the building and more. And then of course, everyone's hyper interested in this today probably tomorrow and over the weekend because the fighters in Canada are causing smoke to fill the air. Yeah, the air here, but turns out we're all connected. So, you know, this is how it works out. So there's something on fire somewhere else eventually it impacts you. So I don't know a good segue into the next topic but what I wanted to do is make sure we had something to link to because folks are gonna ask us. So let me just start off with the following because I think this is the easiest way to do it. We're an open source hardware company. We do open source hardware. We'll always publish our files in whatever format we use to make open source hardware. It doesn't matter. Doesn't matter what tool you use. Doesn't matter. You can use KeyCad. You could use Eagle. You can use Fusion. You can use Altium. Doesn't matter. What doesn't matter is you're publishing the files with the tool that you made them with. Most of the tools have XML, import, export, blah, blah, but there's changes ahead. It looks like Eagle, no surprise by the way, is gonna be ending in 2026. So I need to, we're gonna get asked a lot. What is it if we're gonna do? So- KeyCad. Yeah. So I need to, what are we gonna do? One thing to be clear. It's not like it's being deleted. The code is getting wrapped into Fusion 360. So right now I use a standalone application called Eagle 9. I double click Eagle 9. It opens up. I have my files. I do my routing. I try to make sure everything's correct and I order, export Gerbers and I send them off. It seems like in the next three years, what will happen is Fusion 360, which is their kind of electromechanical all-in-one mechanical, electrical like fusion system, which works with fusion because you can design enclosures. You can design PCBs and you put them together and it like renders and everything and it's beautiful and you don't make mistakes. Eagle is going to be merged into that, which makes sense. I got a desk was probably like, we don't wanna run, write our own electronics. Routing and management software is extremely hard to do. So instead we're gonna write Eagle and then we'll integrate it. So the idea of having a standalone double clickable Eagle app will end. You will have to use Fusion 360. That's actually not so bad. It's just like, okay, you have to just open another app and then within that app, you could still have access to all of the Eagle access. And I don't know what the pricing is, but I'm assuming the pricing is equally as annoying, which it's like a monthly or yearly subscription and isn't like a buy once. Yeah. There's gonna be conversations about that. Yeah. About, okay, now you're stuck paying a monthly fee because that's where everything went to. I pay a monthly fee now anyways. The question, and I think someone just mentioned in the chat that I had was, what's she gonna do for folks on Linux? I don't know. Somebody has to ask Autodesk. And another thing is, is that, you know, does... You run Windows on your... I do run Windows because the vast majority of electronic software is written for Windows, whether you like it or not. I used to run Linux as a kid. It's okay to run Windows. We have Linux-y stuff everywhere. We do stuff for Linux. It's okay. You don't have to run Linux to run open source hardware to make open source hardware, sorry. But if you're using tools like Eagle and you're like, well, fine. I'll continue to stick with whatever it's gonna be. Who knows? The good news is that it's a couple of years away. So you have time to transition. You know, if I want to move to KeyCad from Eagle now would be a good time. I might check out Fusion 360. On one hand, it's annoying that they don't have it available for all platforms and maybe the software isn't as fast or whatever. On the other hand, I'm the only person I differ in doing electronics design right now so it doesn't really matter. You know, if I'm the only person using it, I should use whatever makes it easiest for me to design hardware because that's what's most important to me. It's like it's open source, it's an XML format and it can be important to KeyCad if people desire. I could learn KeyCad but it's one of those things where all CAD software is equally bad. So use the one that you know best. I know this one best and so I'm most comfortable with it. But like I said, it's an excellent file format. You could always import it into something. So I'll just try to ask like questions from like audience point of view because I think that's gonna be a thing. Okay, so Ada for you publish Eagle files and I've been able to open them up with like the free version of Eagle CAD or like I've been able to look at them. I've been able to import them. What's gonna happen in 2026? What type of file are you gonna publish? Well, it's probably gonna be called a Fusion 360 file. Yeah. If I continue to use Eagle CAD, sorry, the electronics workflow within Fusion 360. Looking at the fact, it appears that there is a free viewer for Eagle 360 much like there's a free viewer for Eagle CAD now. So you think that there's gonna be Fusion 360 file format and then like when people wanna do stuff, they'll just get whatever free version of Fusion 360 is available or trial and they'll be able to get these files. I mean, Or an importer or exporter. It's not like when people distribute CAD CAD files, that's any easier to open and read if you haven't used CAD CAD before. Like all CAD files, you know, people send me CAD CAD files and I've opened them in CAD CAD. And I'm just like, I don't really know how to use the software. So it's not that different. You know, I've opened LZM files. If you remember, we've had some experiences where verifying that LZM files really do contain all the open source hardware definition, you know, the definition compliant hardware. It's kind of life. I mean, it's not my company, so I don't get to choose what Autodesk does. I'm glad that at least they're giving us plenty of lead time. Well, okay. I'll ask another one of these questions. Okay.  I use Eagle CAD 9. What happens when I double click it in 2027? Will it just stop working? It will, you'll be able to probably view things, but it will ping the server to get your certification because you know, it checks every two weeks to verify the server. They're going to turn those servers off? That will turn off. And so I don't know if Eagle will just not open or if it will open, but you will be able to edit, which would be ideal because it should be cool if it ran, but just didn't let you edit. That said, you know, at this time, you can still download Eagle 7.7, which was the last CADsoft release. And that... Did that phone home? That does not phone home because it's the pre Autodesk integration. And I haven't checked whether 7.7 can open nine files. Again, it's for viewing now for editing because if you want to edit, you would probably export it to CADCAM anyways. I don't know. Okay. Next question. Would we, like, tick off? Would we do a conversion of all our files? I would not convert any old files because I haven't. I still have stuff that's published as Eagle 5. Yeah. If it's old enough, like the Minty Boost files, it's Eagle 5. It doesn't probably always be importable into whatever, right? Yes. I mean, again, they're XML. They're always going to be readable. And you can always download this. You know, hopefully you will always be able to download this Eagle 7.7 viewer. Viewing is not the issue. It's editing that might be annoying. Probably you'll have to install Fusion 360 and that won't be not so fun. But on the other hand, no, I am paid to use Fusion 360 all the time for the 3D stuff. Yeah. And so I guess someone, if they wanted to be safe and they're in this industry, we just went through a whole reverse engineering project with Teddy Ruckspin stuff from, like, 2017. Yeah. It's kind of when it, you know, we needed a Nexus 7. Might be a good idea. Two Nexus 7. Might be a good idea to squirrel away this copies of Eagle CAD 7.7 and just have it somewhere just in case. You know. Yeah. I mean, I have to go through and actually check all these things because now there's actually a reason we need to do so. I mean, we'll see. I mean, when the deadline comes and if I absolutely like can't stand Fusion 360, I'll just switch over to KeyCad. It'll be annoying, but like, it'll take a couple months. I'll get better at it. And then I'll eventually be able to crank out the same number of designs. It's just a couple of what I've got. Well, thanks for entertaining my questions, Lady. Because I think we're gonna get asked the same questions over and over and over again, especially on like Twitter and social media where there's no like history. It's like, it's a new day. I'm gonna, someone else is gonna ask the same question. Oh, which is fine. But what I can do is I can send a link to this. Yeah. And, you know, one of the things as a community that we could ask for is like, hey, you know, totally get it out of this.  You can do whatever you want. But what would be nice is something like, hey, like, we're not, we're not gonna turn off the activation servers or we're gonna do something. So like, if you have this thing that you bought, there's no updates, but it just, it just works. Yeah. Essentially forever. That would be nice. I think Eagle 7 was the last one where you did not, it did not phone home. I mean, I don't know if it's on my head. I'm not from my computer, but, you know, ideally for, for software preservation reasons, to be able to read these old files, it'd be, it's good to always have the free viewer available. Definitely, you know, I would suggest everybody grab a copy and cap and keep it on the off chance that they remove it. I don't think that Autodesk is at all malicious, right? I don't, I think that they're, this makes sense for them. They're like, why maintain two pieces of software? Yeah. It's not like it's a person or there's a thing. It's investors and publicly held companies. And how many people do we have that use this other thing? Okay, great. Can we get them into this thing so we can show a quarterly profit? Like, you know, one of the, one of the things that's nice about being a company like Adafrit is we don't answer to shareholders. You know, we do weird stuff. We hack teddy bears, publish the files and stuff like that. So, you know, they're kind of stuck. I get it. Don't like it. Get it though. And maybe like, you know, one of the good things about Fusion 360 is I haven't done a lot of enclosure design and maybe like having it integrated and rendered would make it easy for me to do 3D models and enclosures. That would be pretty cool. Yeah. And then lastly, I'll say this. Autodesk, here's a huge opportunity to show how great it could be. And people could say, wow, I can't believe this is so inexpensive, this subscription thing. I get so much value. My designs are great. I can do so many more things with this tool because they decided to do this. Said no one ever. But, you know, it's an opportunity. I mean, I subscribed to Eagle now and it's like, it's not, it isn't really a subscription, but it's worth it. Like I get the value. Yeah. But they have a chance to migrate all these people over into something they have multiple years. Yeah. And people could say, wow, out of all the companies. I also have to see if there's been more development on the electronics design on the side of Eagle. I think, you know, Eagle, they stopped adding some functionality, but I think in Fusion 360, maybe they added more and that would be cool. I mean, they did a huge amount of work up to the integration of Fusion 360.  Like I love using discontinued software. Yeah. You know what I meant? You went to see my parents and my dad has this copy of LaTeX that, you know, renderer that he's been using for the last, like, 15 years. And I'm like, hey, you know, the new LaTeX renderers, he's like, but this one, I really like this renderer. I think that there's a, and we'll move on to the, you know, we have a lot ahead, but I think there is a couple of different philosophies on how companies can do things with software. And it does seem like companies do have a choice. Like, yeah, we're not supporting that anymore. And we're not gonna, you know, maliciously turn it off. So you're forced to do something. Like if you have it and it's old, cool, whatever, we're not gonna support it. It's not gonna probably run on different operating systems, but if you wanna have that old piece of software that works forever, that's on you. Yeah.  Don't like that. Anyways. Okay. So let's keep them moving. So remember when I was talking about how we're an open source hardware company, lady? Yes. And we are. So let's, let's do some guides. You ready? People are bad math with me about using Xemax in your chat. Okay. All right. But who has the most library code written? Me. So who cares if you're using the Xemax? I'm like, I'll tell you a thing about Xemax. It opens files very, very quickly. Very big files. Very fast. And you can search very fast about guides. So we tried to get GitHub to tell us it's like, hey, who does Lamor have the most open source libraries? And they're like, oh, we don't really want to tell you. It's like, cause what she doesn't say. I heard the dumbest editing, like software editing setup. But you know what? It works for me. I've seen this trend prolific creators. They have their own way of doing things. And that's why they're prolific creators and everyone who criticizes, they never, I've never seen anyone who has more of the quantity of the thing you're talking about. They're like, why are you doing this? I have, I think that's big times when Phil, I love him dearly, but he has looked at me at using my computer and he's like, you're using your computer wrong. Yeah. He's like, what are you doing? Yeah, it's a little horny. Okay, so we have some guides. Yeah, we got some good guides. And published her second in a series of three or four on how to make a wearable badge PCB art. You know, the first one was a very simple, floppy disk earring, very cute. And she stepped it up this time, adding battery switch and LEDs to make a light up NASA badge. I think the meatball logo is a perfect PCB badge to experiment with. So check it out. She's learning a lot and publishing everything. And I've never seen any guy that has this much information about how to actually create like your very own first PCB badge with like really cool silk screen and solder mask and everything. Liz did a new synth. Liz is like the one person allowed to make synthesizers here. Her and JP are the synth, wasn't synth heads. We got these cool ANO rotary encoders with like navigation switches, rotary encoder and a button, like old iPod classics. And we finally had the I squared C version of the shop. And she was like, I want to do like a weird sequencer. And I was like, go to town. You got this really weird interface. Make the weirdest synthesizer. She made a circle of fifth Euclidean synth. What does that even mean? I don't know. But like, look at it. It's got red, orange, teal, green, blue, white, alpha numeric. You've got five of those like cool rotary encoders. You got something like my color matrix bleeping over here, play, whatever. Check it out. It's cool and funky. And I bet the video is very good. Liz also published the Ida Fruit Neo Driver, which is our I squared C in NeoPixel converter board. Very handy when you have a lip potato board, apparently those that exists, stuff that uses all winner or rock chip or XA6 or whatever. Doesn't use the Raspberry Pi chip set. You want it to control NeoPixels. It's very hard to do that with from a single board latest computer. But if you add this suddenly, you know, I squared C in NeoPixels, it makes it very easy. Liz has chosen to pick this guy.  But it did its best. So she had a lot of experience with that. Liz had a job at Ida Fruit. And that it did. Yeah. A lot of things. It's the Xemax of her lifetime. From Eva, we've got her guide for a clue shot timer. Eva does sports shooting and you want to see how fast you can shoot targets in sports shooting. And so this timer uses a microphone. Very cool project. Actually, I did a lot. I think all of these are ones that we went over. No, with the Feather DBI guide. Did you guys know? I did see it. Yeah. Stephanie was on holiday, came back and finished the DBI guide. It's massive. You can use the Feather DBI with Arduino or Circuit Python. Yeah, if you scroll, it'll just keep, it'll scroll forever, forever. Yeah. You'll never end. Keep going. And then Patriot Ark actually just did an update too to the DBI, the Pico DBI library in Arduino to make it so you can start and stop, which is important because we need that for Jepler's upcoming CPM tutorial guide. And then JP finished his Computer Perfection Synthesizer guide as well. It reuses this old computer perfection game. And people are probably like, how could JP destroy this historic monument to technology? First off, he actually did a really good job showing how you can reuse the circuit board without damaging anything. It can totally be turned back. Into a 1970s weird simple sign. Most if not all of the things that we get off eBay and yard sales. It's already broken. It's heading towards the landfill. So something, of course, is like main condition pristine. That should go in like an old tech museum or something. But this is like old broken toys that you want to put a new life on.  Like it's just, they're stinky. But he turned into a very cool synthesizer. All this and Liz's guide are both using Jepler's new synth IO library in Circuit Python, which is extremely cool. Unless you make really funky synthesizers using like native LFOs and filters and plugging little pieces together. And it's neat because I don't do anything with synthesizers. Neither does Jepler. And that's why it's perfect for us to work on this project because we cannot be seduced by the seductive power of synthesizers forever. Instead, Liz and JP do them. So we have a video from Liz and then I'm going to go right into some factory footage and then we'll do some line up. So here we go. Did you know that you can build synths with Circuit Python now? In this project, you'll build synthesizers that celebrates all things circular. The circle of fifths, Euclidean rhythms and rotary encoders. Four synth voices play random notes in a triad to the beat of a determined Euclidean rhythm animated on an eight by eight matrix. Euclidean rhythms are derived from an algorithm that determines how to spread the number of steps over a number of beats as equally as possible. You can build some complex poly rhythms this way that sound really interesting. With the ANO rotary encoders, you can scroll through the circle of fifths on each synth voice to change the triad chord for easy modulation between keys. The code is written in Circuit Python with the synth IO module and runs on a feather RP2040. The synth has multiple modes that are accessed and controlled with the ANO rotary encoders. Alphanumeric displays let you see various parameters depending on the mode, such as BPM and filter values. See how you can build your own synthesizer by checking out the Learn Guide at learn.adofruit.com. For factory footage. So before we get going over to, I don't forget the code is audio BFF. It will pay for an air purifier for our apartment. And an air purifier is for the staff. We have plenty of them. Maybe we should pick up more. Or filters. Well, the filters are going to have to change out. Yeah. There too. All right. So it's just my MPI. Hi, I'm an MPI. Hi, an MPI brought to you by Digikey and Adafruit. Thank you. Digikey, this week it is from? Vibronics. We never used, we never featured Vibronics on an MPI. It's a cool logo. They did have a cool logo. It's a company they make vibrating motors. ERMs or LRAs. And you're like, what are those? We're going to tell you all about this. So this is the featured product. This is a rectangular LRA. But they have the whole line of PIs because they have a whole series of LRAs available at Digikey. And I've never really known the difference between LRAs and ERMs with their four. The specific part number we're covering is the VLV152564. Those numbers are like, probably just the sizing of the bore. You see it's like 6.4 millimeters at 64. And then 25 is 25 millimeters by 15 millimeters. So 15 by 25 by 6.4 millimeters. It's actually batteries are also labeled the same way. So these are LRAs. They're linear resonant actuators. That's what it stands for. And these are vibrating motors that are enclosed into like a little rectangular case. That can be put into your product and design to add tactile feedback. Looks like it also can be used as a bone conduction transducer if desired. But what it's really good for is adding little clicks and tacks and ticks to your product for haptic feedback. This particular one is just having some stats here. The resonant frequency, when you use your driver, just make sure you can drive an eight ohm impedance. So it's quite low, you'll need quite a bit of current. And the resonant frequency is about 80 hertz. So set up your driving frequency to set the AC voltage at about 80 hertz and that will get you the best reaction. Okay, so what is haptic feedback? So it's actually kind of researching what is haptics and when was it used? So this is like a very early haptics patent that I found off of, you lived off of Wikipedia. And basically it was often used for when you have an electronic interface to something that's mechanical. It used to be mechanical and you want to give feedback to the user to let them know when they've hit a limit or there's something that would give them negative feedback towards their position movement. What it's often used for was aviation. So historically, if you look at old videos of airplanes, you'd have a yoke, right? This is the control interface for the plane and the yoke would be mechanically connected to, I think they're called aerolions or flaps, I think is what we call them when we don't know what we're talking about. The flaps on the wings and the flaps on the tail and the rudder to help steer which way you want the plane to go. This is what, you know, an old plane that the rudder cables look like. And those would literally be like strung from the flaps to the cockpit and then you'd control the yoke. And what was really nice about this is that you could feel the vibrations and movement of the air through those cables. It was both directions. Like as you pulled and pushed and twisted the yoke, you could feel how the cables and the rudder would fight against you. That was your forced feedback. So you kind of knew what your air speed was. You know, turbulence obviously shakes the whole thing but you get a sense of how your plane is moving and how it's reacting to the air which can help you become a better pilot and avoid issues like accidentally crashing to the ground. However, the problem with having direct connections to the rudder cables is that you need to be very strong. Like if you have a lot of force in the air fighting against you, you have to really like push against the yoke or pull it or twist it in order to fight the air that's, you know, on the other side of the rudder that's pushing against you. You have to be very strong. And like if you're in trouble, like if you're in a storm, you might be running out of strength and then you can get in trouble because you can't fight against that air pressure anymore. So to simplify and also allow things like autopilot, we have the creation of fly-by-wire. This is like an early, this is actually from like NASA, this photo, it's kind of cool. You can tell that they- Anything digital had to use the check, check font. Yeah, this is the font I use for hacking. Actually, you worked with digital equipment corporation or there's just digital. It was like just the check for you. But this is the NASA fly-by-wire. Also, again, as you're getting to more and more complicated airplanes, people like one yoke in the buns was not enough. You had to have everything automated as people actually had the shadow of being able to control it. But, you know, in addition, this is from Ready Player One. I thought this was from the Apple keynote from like yesterday. Oh, sorry. It's only $3,500. So in addition to, you know, okay. So, you know, aeronautics, also automobiles are also drive-by-wire. And so you'll have forced feedback in those. But a second use case is for entertainment. So, you know, this is this famous haptic suit from the Ready Player One movie and book. And it's covered all over with haptic feedback, interfaces, maybe LRIs from Vibranics.  And so it gives you a strong connection to this virtual world you're in. So, you know, that's of course a movie recreation. You know, the first commercial haptics vest was this thing called like the Aura Interactor, which I thought was neat. It was kind of like a wearable subwoofer. And you can see it's like feel, punches, explosion kicks, uppercut, slam, dugs, crashes and more. So it was for gaming. Gaming, you know, often has new technology. Like there was these VR haptics suits, but they were very, very expensive. But gaming is actually kind of where this haptic technology. Fun side story, if you go through a really deep rabbit hole, I made a version of Operation on the Pocket PC that would send sound to a vest I was wearing. So if you messed up taking me apart in operation, I would get, you know, jolted in the vest. This was 20 years ago. This is a long time ago. This was like 1995 and then 97. Also gaming included, since this is like a screenshot from, for people who remember from the Nintendo 64, they introduced the Rumble Pack, which would have forced feedback on the controller when you played Nintendo games. And this is an, I fix a tear down of the DualShock. And the DualShock is another controller. So I'm kind of making my way through the history of tactile feedback and what it was really commonly used for. And you can see on the bottom there, to the bottom left in the like, the palm holding section of the controller, there are these two circular motors and they have this kind of half disc cut and attached onto the motor. The motor's around and then the half disc is kind of half moon shaped. And these are called ERMs. So eccentric rotating motors. And here's an eccentric rotating motor from Vibranics. They can be any size. You take any DC motor and you put an eccentric weight on it, it's not symmetric. And so as it rotates and vibrates and that gives you that force feedback. And eccentric rotating motors are very popular for use with say, your phone will vibrate when you have a call. They're very good for like big vibrations. So like that interactor vest or your Rumble Pack. It is a Rumble feeling. What they're not really good for is click feelings. So a lot of people these days, you probably have a mobile phone and you maybe you use the on-screen keyboard and you may notice that as you're typing on the on-screen keyboard, you get this tactile feedback, this click tech sound and feeling into your fingers and it helps make the clear glass surface feel more like, okay, I'm actually pressing a button. You feel you're not course technically pressing a button. I remember the Kindle wasn't also an early use of tactile feedback when you clicked the next page that the Kindle would kind of vibrate a little bit to let you know that you've switched the page. So a good way as more surfaces are becoming capacitive touch, clear glass, you want to have some tactile feedback. You'll want to use something like an ERM, sorry, an LRA. ERMs are good for vibrations. LRAs are great, are better for tactiles because they're faster.  And they can be fairly fast but they're not going to be as fast as an LRA. And here's an LRA cross-section from Vibranics. You can see it's a lot more complicated to build. So they're going to be a little bit more expensive. But inside there's a spring and there's the weight and there's a magnet. And then when you put the AC voltage across it, and that's another thing you need to use an AC voltage on DC voltage, the magnet will vibrate up and down. So the magnet will vibrate up and down, making the weight vibrate up and down. The spring will push back on it. And you've got this very quick tactile feeling that, as you remember from the data sheet, can activate within 80 Hertz. And I'll show the video because it's kind of cool. There's an X-ray on the Digi-Key website from Vibranics showing this product. And you can see inside the spring and then the weight and the magnet. The springs are also used for passing the current through. And that's what causes the LRA to vibrate. So Vibranics shows a bunch of products it's used for. So you can see this is like the Samsung phones. They also had it in like one of the Nexus tablets. Put a coincidence, Nexus is everywhere. Usually you don't solder to the tabs or there are some solder tabuans. It looks like it's common to have spring contacts. And that lets the motor vibrate from within like the cavity in your product. And it gives the case, it makes the case kind of a larger resin cavity for the vibration of the LRA. You will need something to drive it. Again, you can't use it with DC voltages like you can with the ARMs. ARMs are much simpler. LRAs you need AC voltage. There's a couple that are recommended. The one that I've used is the TIDRV 2605 which is in stock at Digi-Key. It's very easy to use and it has iSquared C input. And then we have a breakout as well. You can connect your LRA or ERM on the output. And particularly neat about the DRV 2605, you do pay a little bit more, but it has this cool collection of waveforms that are built in and they're licensed waveforms that you get a free license for when you purchase the chip. So the motions like the clicking and the bumping and the transitioning. So it's like, you know, click, click all that stuff with different strengths. Already pre-programmed into the DRV 2605. So it's really, really easy.  With an H bridge and a little bit of work, but instead you can just use the DRV 2605 and get started very quickly. And it will work with any of the Vibranics LRAs. Available on Digi-Key. They're in stock.  This is just the one that we, you know, this is the featured one, but check out they have like a huge range of different sizes and shapes. There's round ones, there's square ones, there's rectangular ones. And then we've got a cool video. Yeah, this is what you wanted to show us. Which maybe you can hide us. It shows an x-ray as they inspect the vibration. You can see how quickly it's activates. I mean, it's like basically instantaneous as you can get sharp clicking effects that are harder to get with an ERM. Okay. This is, this week's, on MPI. On MPI. Oh, Gidoki, we're gonna jump right in in your products before we do that. The code is audio. BFF, video to kick it. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Okay, a little reminder, we have circle playgrounds back in stock. I just wanted to mention that before we jump into you. We've got some cool rotary encoders. Rotary encoders, usually they come in small sizes, but someone pointed out these awesome, large CNC rotary encoders. These are 60 millimeters in diameter. They've got 100 clicks per rotation, which actually makes sense for using it for CNC because you'll wanna get, you know, 100th of an inch or 100th of a centimeter or 100th of a meter. They have a nice clicky feel. On the bottom, you have terminal blocks. They're really easy to wire to and you get your standard rotary encoder kind of grade code out. The VCC can be like any voltage, I think, basically. Just is the other side of the positive connection. And the ground is, you know, your reference ground and then A and B tick up and down. So use any rotary, two wire rotary encoder library. There's also on the bottom, if you look really quickly. Yeah, there's A and B is duplicate. The bottom, there's negative A and negative B. Sometimes you want like the opposite polarity. They're also available. And we have them in silver and in black. You can, I believe you can remove that little knob. If you want it to be just like something you grab with your fingers. It's cool. But yeah, originally used for CNC machine. So let me show a quick demo, but these are very satisfying to you. Clicky, clicky, clicky, clicky, clicky. Okay, so let me autofocus. Okay, so this is the rotary encoder and I just, you know, quickly wired this up to a feather. There's some mounting holes here. I believe the day she had the mounting orientation. It has a really nice, heavy feel. It's like, it's really hefty. And the clicks, you can really feel the clicks. They're very strong. So this is good for a precision work, but you can also rotate it very quickly. And then let me just plug in my demo for a moment. USB-C goes here. Is the big knob removable or is it permanent? The big knob is not. Just the little, the little knobule. Okay, so this is my little demo written in Circuit Python. I'm using the rotary encoder library. It sounds just like the sound that I have for Top Secret. Yeah, it is. It's like, it sounds like... I should put a mic on that. It's reminiscent of like a safe. It has that same clicky feel, or no, MasterLux didn't have the clicky feeling, but like a, yeah, it definitely vibrates as you move it. And it's nice, it's easy to get precision. And of course you can... What's nice about the wheel is that you can... Yeah, it makes it so it'd be good for an escape room. Yeah, you can like rotate this. That's what this knob is for. So its precision is this way and speed is this way. So two colors, silver and black. Very good. I love this stuff. Okay, yeah, next up. Next up we've got from Monk Makes. Monk Makes has written many a guide and a tutorial for Adafruit and is very skilled at making really high quality hardware. And I really like this very simple four-way MOSFET switch. It's a big PCB, but it kind of does everything you want with controlling solenoids or motors. This is for, I think he designed it originally for people doing model train stuff where you have to turn on and off 12 volts, switches constantly and they might be inductive or they might be LEDs, two amp MOSFETs. Each one has protection flyback diode. It also has a really cool feedback LED and it has a terminal block input, terminal block outputs. So I'll show you on the overhead. Hold on, I got to zoom this out because this is a big demo. Yeah. So what I've got here, hold on. There's so much on here. Thank you. Thank you, my fine assistant. So I have my Metro menu, which is an Arduino compatible and it's just sending the PWM signals and the PWM signals go into the header here. So I'm only using three. That's why there's like one hole missing. Two have here red, green, blue and brown, that's ground. So that goes in, that's the signal. So PWM signal goes in. Then you need the power. So the high voltage power up to 16 volts comes into the terminal block. I've got to hear through a DC jack and then when I plug this in and unplug it, this little yellow LED, which is the light bulb, lets me know that the power's good. And I think it's nice, this is extra little detail here. You see the PWM outputs are also visible as these little LEDs to let me know that that terminal block is activated. So this is connected to an RGB LED strip which requires 12 volts and an amp of power. The 12 volts comes into here and is switched by these MOSFETs so that this signal is three volt logic or five volt logic, whatever, safely goes in and turns on and off. This is PWM at high speed, the high voltage 12 volt power coming into the terminal block. So I'm using it for a high power LED driving but also really good for solenoids, relays, pumps, unidirectional motor control, kind of anything that you need to do up to 16 volts and two amps. Okay, sir the ship says you laid it out. Oh no, wait, there's one more. One more, we've also got as a partnership with Tomorrow Lab, we have this cool hack box. It's meant to be used with PiLEAPE, our application allows you to do no code programming with the Adafruit Clue Board. And we've got a bunch of projects that you can do tomorrow lab will be releasing. We've got the Clue. We've got RGB LED with neopixels that clip on so you can do addressable LED projects, clip on servo and servo driver so you can do robotics projects, portable battery pack and enclosure batteries. Looks like some fun stickers from Tomorrow Labs, USB cable and a lanyard for making portable projects. We've linked from the product page to the PiLEAPE guides that you can follow along and also Digikey will be doing some work through these.  The I2S AMP BFF. I love these BFFs. We have our QT Pi boards and SEED has their shell boards and maybe you want to be making very small projects. Well, we've had a bunch of BFFs that add neopixel level shifting that add battery support. We have one that's coming out with the iSpy and one of the things that I thought would be really useful to be able to have high quality audio come out because a lot of the QT Pi's that we have don't have analog outputs and maybe you want to make a little music player or a prop or some toy that makes audio sounds. So the I2S amplifier is a great three watt amp. It uses three pins and on the ESP32 and RP2040 and NRF52840 QT Pi and Chadboard you can use any pins. I will say this doesn't work in this configuration with the SAMD21. It could work, but you'd have to cut the traces and rewire it. And let me see if I've got my demo. So let's go to the overhead again. I don't know if this will work, but we'll try. If not, I can just show it off. Oh yeah. Okay, so I've got music coming out of here. So you can hear the audio. So this is actually streaming using the ESP32 and it's connected to an MP3 server that's streaming our frequency record that Tom White did, he was here at Adafruit. So it's streaming the audio out and it's sending the data over I2S which is digital which then is connected to this Molex PicoBlade connector. So to keep it nice and small, we're using Molex PicoBlade. You can, you know, I just grabbed one in the shop. We have the little pigtails and I soldered it to this 403 watt speaker which is the max you can drive with this. By default, it's set up to be stereo. So you see this R and L, you leave them empty and it means it's mixing the left and right channel to make the stereo output, which will sound great for 99% of use cases. If you ever just want the left or right channel, you would solder one of those bridges closed. It's also connected to A0, A1 and A2 for the data pins. So in the back, I think, yeah, the default is D and is A0, left, right, word select A1 and bit clock is A2. But you can cut these traces and then there's these little pads you can solder to and you can like solder all the wires if desired to connect to other pins. Again, for the SAMB 21, you'd have to do that. What's nice is the RP2040 ESP32 series and the NR52840 can use any pins for I2S. So, you know, you can use those defaults or you can change them as desired and it gets you nice high quality digital audio. So if you want to make music players, I mean, again, this one is streaming but what you could do is, especially on the RP2040, which has eight megabytes of onboard storage with the Q-Spy Flash in Circuit Python, you can easily play fairly long audio clips. It even supports MP3 through I2S. Arduino also has some I2S support but it's not as good, honestly, as Circuit Python, which kind of, we really tried to make it have first class support for streaming MP3 or WAV files. This ESP32 demo is in Arduino. It's just one of the demos that I found published for I2S MP3 streaming and that works fine too. You can also use eight-ohm speakers but four-ohm, three-watt will get you the most audio. So, for like five bucks, you've got digital quality audio coming out with a Class D amplifier. I really love the Max 98357 chip on here. It's a very good quality audio amplifier and it makes for a lovely little board to add to your 7QT or Sheryl. Yes, new products.  Okay, well, don't forget code is audio BFF. You can get one of those. That's such a cute little BFF. We're gonna do some top secret. Yeah, I'd set a couple of boards that show up. I thought you could show them off. One I lost already. Okay, so this week's top secret, Lady Aida, while you're looking for these and you're looking to them and get it done. Yeah, go ahead. I think I showed this one. So, people are probably gonna ask, okay, for the audio board, what if you added a MicroSD card slot? I do have a prototype that has the MicroSD and I2S amplifier. We were out on holiday last weekend so I didn't get to test this but there will be a version. It's very compact. It's not as configurable. You can't cut the traces because first of all, you use almost all the pins and second, there's just like no space for anything else where you can put in a MicroSD card and then play stuff over I2S. And then I got some other boards. I got this SGP41. This is kind of cool. This is a gas sensor that also does NO2 or NOX sensing, not just volatile granite compounds. And then, I've fallen behind a little bit on catching up on all the time of flight sensors available from ST. This is the VL53L5CX. This is the one that does an 8x8 grid. So it'll be cool. Arduino support, I know, exists from ST. I'll see if we can get circuit Python support going as well. Okay. I need a someone noted to get a top-secret logo is... It's well needed. Yeah, we have this kind of stuff. And that's a top-secret logo. Okay, I had a couple of questions lined up. You can put them in the chat. We get to all of that. We were answering some a long way, but we'll do the thing. Drop them in the Discord. Yeah, you can put them in there. Okay. For the next few minutes. So first, Lady, can you adjust the spring strength of the... The detance? No, I mean, I'll be honest, I did not open this up. You might be able to. You might be able to remove the detance. I don't know if you can change the strength. Are there enough BFFs now to make a little Qtipy BFF board of Q? You could. Yeah, I think we have six total BFFs, right? At least you may have the microSD, the battery, the Neopixel, the I2S amp, which one of the world's we know? I got a couple on a Qtipy. Yeah. What's the three-volt Neopixel board that we were talking about as of the... There's a Qtipy BFF Neopixel. And so that's for going on the back of the Qtipy, and it gives you a five-volt boost to the output. And we also put in the NeoDriver, which is an I2C to Neopixel converter. Okay. If you had to guess, this was a question for you, if you had to guess how many files, EGLE CAD files do you think you published online? Well, I know we have about 550 designs, because I keep track of that. Yeah, we also, we have, at least that, we have 600-plus certifications on Oshawa. Yeah, because I think every work, sometimes if I make a big enough revision, it's maybe 600 different designs. Yeah, that's 600, probably. Yeah, okay. Any issues putting the Qtipy BFF close to the speaker magnet? I would keep it away in case the EMF is affected. I mean, the Class T amp is designed to not have EMF issues, and we put a filter on it. I wouldn't put it right next to the speaker, especially near antenna, just in case it has an effect on it.  I was going to call it. Yeah, we need to get out of here at nine this weekend. We're doing some questions. Okay, that's a good one. Don't forget the code is, how do you be a BFF? That'll get you one of these, it's a pretty soft, fun, and cool, especially when it's a- Make it a tiny little audio project soon. Especially when I think behind the scenes in our Adafruit Slack helping out, and more, all of our customers, all of the community, everyone on the Adafruit team, friends, people online, happy Pride Month, stay safe, keep those masks in your room. When you'll need them again, like we are in New York, this has been an Adafruit production. Here is your moment of zener. Thank you, everybody. Thanks, everybody.


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So, in module 1, we have seen a lot of tools used in signals and systems analysis. This involved a lot of math and many of you have wondered how these relate to the practical world. In these two videos, we are going to see a few examples and I hope you enjoy these two videos. I hope you enjoy these examples and we encourage you to think of more examples from your experience of with the things around you and post these on the forums.