It is Derby week and this presented by Fando. I'm y Smith. The 147th running is this Saturday and who it all down than Fandals how are you today? I'm d I am so excited to be to Derby prep. Um, and I'm j are getting back to semi race. I mean, there's g 42,000 people in the cr doing the whole social d really excited to talk ab semi normal again. All r back into what we're hopi race and the favorite. A on your roster this week. here with the favorite, B trainer. He's never won a before. Why is this colt card this week? I'm actuall this horse. This is a two thanks to mattress smack. all of the other horses d this horse will be the f since jacamo about 20 year say to play the graze. S leaving this horse out of I am not high on this ho the 14 slot, which is the the law drew last year. A ended up for Tiz.  That was a, that last year, such a quality and five and all with Loui so we'll keep an eye on t next up Medina spirit, a shot here, Megan. What are Derby runner up, certinl a bob baffer train horse. Bob baffer horse is in t of the last three. Yeah, t going to draw betters to on bob baffert's name. B is going to be tied with ever with Ben Jones. If h Derby. Obviously baffert h high on this horse. But a other horse in the race not very high on either. baffert, you know, look I get you with this one. S not leaving the baffert ho and might even take a litt win. Yeah, certainly going race with Bob baffert and the irons. He was on the authentic one, the Kentucky a derby weekend unless we of the exotics, you have the trifecta, you can bo of different ways to play your exotics looking for I'm going to go ahead and weekend. I feel like the between essential quality playing them. I don't want but I'm also going to play underneath for value and them because as I said, w is mandaloon. That's the and I really think that h value. He's had some mon second one is rock your w pretty high on this horse set the pace and had a gre the last horse that I'm i a big 30 to one and that's and I really just love t of Tyler Gaffelion. He i and has won me so much m to ponies.  You've been watchi


Hot glue is a great way to burn your fingers, but also very handy for adding simple strain relief to electronics wiring. It works well for those stranded wire connections. Battery cases, PCB wiring, really any wiring that needs to stand up to some movement during usage. Before applying, make sure you've got a good solder joint first. Then test to ensure the glue will stick well to the PCB and wire insulation. Add a healthy ring of glue around the base of the joint. Alternatively, you can lay the wire flat and glue it down to protect the solder joint even more. If you need to remove it, use some rubbing alcohol to release the adhesion. Just turn off your glue gun first.


So, we will continue with the CI and we wanted to show some of the numbers just to tell you what is the contribution of the doubles and singles and so on and it was very clear that the doubles was the most important part of the correlation energy compared to the singles mainly because of the Brillouin's theorem and of course the two particle nature of the electron correlation and we have discussed that two particle nature that the two particles are more likely to come close together and they will then repel and plus your Hamiltonian is also one and two particle interactions so they can bring two particles closer. So, in some sense these are two important facets and because of that WXRA determinants are also very important. Singles are important only because they affect the doubles actual energy please remember our actual energy depends only on doubles I think I showed you that that whatever is the full CI even if you have full CI the energy correlation energy depends only on WXRA amplitudes correct but however WXRA amplitudes themselves depend on singles, triples, quadruples and so on. So, it is very easy to see the structure of the CI matrix it will do a full CI because you know because of Slater rule any excited determinant cannot have interaction with another determinant which is of more than two excitations that will become zero so you can see the structure in the following manner that you have of course we are talking only of correlation energy the first one is always zero and then we have H0S, H0D, H0T and so on in a full CI this is zero because of Brillouin's theorem so this is an additional simplification that we have and similarly in the column we have singles with Hartree-Fock, doubles with Hartree-Fock, triples with Hartree-Fock and so on I hope these symbols are clear to everybody okay then you have the diagonal block of singles singles doubles singles triples and so on note here on the first row everything is zero even this is zero because of Slater rule so the only term that actually contributes is Hartree-Fock with doubles and everything else is zero from here onwards everything is zero so this is zero zero and so on these blocks and then you have Hs D, Hs sorry Hs T you will have more term Hs Q and so on similarly doubles Hartree-Fock, double singles, doubles doubles, doubles triples doubles quadruples and so on continue I hope all of you can write this now so you have triple singles so it is just filling the matrix okay so this is your diagonal triples triples and so on so depending on how many you take your matrix can be written in a block form these are all blocks now this is the only block which is one dimension which is Hartree-Fock Hartree-Fock to Hartree-Fock this is one dimension of rest of either rectangular or square so this is your matrix and then you have one, Cs, Cd, Ct, Cq etc whatever is there equal to same thing E correlation one, Cs, Cd, you can clearly see when I multiply the first row times the first column since everything is zero the only thing that multiplies is H double O double Cd to give you E correlation into one I hope it is clear it is a first row into first column gives you the first number here correct so your E correlation depends only on Cd because all this is zero so HOT will multiply with Ct but Ct does not matter what is Ct this block is zero remember these are not number multiplications it is a block wise so this is a rectangular one block of a row multiplying by column Ct is a column number of Ct so it is a number by number multiplications so each of them there is a summation for the point that I am trying to say that the correlation energy always depends on Cd only one that really affects the correlation directly however when I do this next level of equation I start to get equations for Cs, Cd, Ct and that is where you can see when I look at the Davos equation it is Hdo into one plus Hgs into Cs, Hgd into Cd, Hdt into Ct and so on, Hdq into Ct all this will affect the E correlation times Cd right when you do multiply second row times the column so everything will affect okay so only thing that will not affect is what are zero by sweater rule so for example in single row I know from here it is zero right from the double row up to here it will actually survive then the zeroes will start and triple throw it will go much further and so on however in the triple throw this itself is zero by sweater rule so there is a lot of structure in which zeroes will come so there are some simplifications but essentially as you build everything will get affected so Cd will be affected by up to quadruples then quadruples are affected up to Hdq so in a way it is a chain reaction so that is why the full Ci if you do full Ci results are going to be different although correlation energy depends only on Cd the Cd will be affected by others so that minor differences will be so that is the reason Cisd and DCi or Cid are giving different results yeah because the doubles amplitude changes it is not that the correlation energy directly depends on single double amplitude changes because of the effect of Cd is it clear okay that was the numbers that I was showing let me go back to some more numbers you also saw the effect of the full Ci at the basic set that is the basic set things change one of the important things is to look at ionization potential so let's say I am doing a Ci calculation and then trying to calculate the ionization potential what is ionization potential I calculate an n electron and n minus 1 electron okay I do a Hartree-Fock so there are many ways of calculating ionization potential one would be to do Hartree-Fock for n and n minus 1 and supply one is to use Pupman's approximate remember these two are different so when I do Hartree-Fock I am taking relaxation effect in Pupman's I just take the orbitals of the n electron system we have explained that and in fact that works out very good because of the cancellation between relaxation and correlation okay so sometimes so Pupman's gives a better result than doing Hartree-Fock separately you can do Ci for both so when I am presenting the results they are results which are exactly you know done done in the same manner so we are looking at the ionization potential nitrogen ionization potential has been upgraded to S so we are looking at the lowest ionization potentials so two of them so one is three sigma g one is one five they are simply called three sigma g one five u because these are the orbitals Hartree-Fock orbitals from where I have taken three electrons so that is the meaning of three sigma g and one five I hope all of you remember n two bond or molecular orbital diagram the last two orbitals homo and homo and homo minus one are three sigma g and one five in fact there is a there is a problem in ordering them which is higher which is lower depends on the Hartree-Fock what basis you use so that is another issue that you will see here so three sigma g and one five u so if I do Cook months if I do Cook months I just write k that means just look at the orbital energy of the Hartree-Fock you see this is 0.635 again everything is an atomic unit and this is 0.615 so it is easier to ionize was the one five u let me also look at the telling the basis set the basis is a very large basis 6s 4p 3d slatter type orbital is a very large basis set that was okay so these are the slatter and each of them can be expanded in Gaussian but they are nearly exactly so if I use a very large basis set my Cook months approximation within the Cook months approximation at least does not have basis set error because a very large basis set and you can see that one five u is actually because your your ionization huh 2f here yeah nothing wrong why I told you star basis right when one valence polarizes that is d but you can use also f g h I have 2f you mean not 2f 2 number of f type function sorry this means just like here it is not 6s you did you did not question this right 6s means 6 number of s type functions 4 number of p type functions in the basis set of nitrogen see number of d type function and 2 number of f type okay sorry yeah that is a simple basis set normal place okay because principle quantum number is not of any relevance so we never talk of principle quantum don't confuse with that okay so this is Cook months and then you have sdci 0.58 this is an important result 0.61 and you have experiment 0.57 all are in affirmation 0.62 now this is a very interesting result right I hope you can see the reflect on the results if I do Cook months which is a good approximate actually within the half new form the ordering of the sigma g and one five u is different from what you get from experiment because experiment shows actually it shows that this this should be the easiest to ionize that means essentially your lowest n minus 1 electron state will be doublet sigma why doublet sigma I hope you can you know at least some amount of symmetry because I am taking out electron from sigma g so the final n electron state will have doublet and it will be a capital sigma okay that will be the lowest state of not the doublet phi but what Cook months shows is different that doublet phi is the lowest state of n minus 1 or n 2 plus so I do n 2 plus and you can see that the sdci gives reasonably correct value not exactly correct but the order is at least so this is in fact shown as one of the failures of Hartree-Fogg that Hartree-Fogg when I do Cook months approximate it is supposed to be better than delta sdc anyway difference of Hartree-Fogg because of the cancellation is still not able to give the correct train even the qualitative forget about actual numbers but if I do a correlation calculation sdci or dci I get reasonably right results so this shows that the importance of correlation that the Hartree-Fogg itself is not a good method there is a another result of lowest IP of water whenever I am saying lowest ionization potential means you are taking out electron from the homework I hope that is clear because that is easiest to take out because ionization potential is exactly reverse and negative of the orbital okay so the lowest IP of water again some numbers this is actually again a very large basis at 39 st o basis it's very large basis so we have we have calculated h2o and h2o plus to ci and takes a take a difference so this is Cook month this is only the lowest one 0.507 again everything is anatomically this is sdci which is 0.452 and experiment 0.463 so again just shows that what is the level of correction this was kind of error that you had when you do Cook month now sdci almost brings it close to that and in the case of nitrogen it even gives the right order 39 st o basis not really primitive so basically these these these are contracted Gaussian so they are a lot yeah that that is that details are there I am not giving the details to the basis set but it means there are 39 see each letter type orbital is expanded in terms of primitive Gaussian right contracted Gaussian in a in a language 39 contracted okay so this is a very large basis as you can see then each each of them is expanded I mean the details are there it's unimportant but the point that I am trying to show is that this is a very very extensively group basis set and the scf is still not good quite away when you do sdci the IP comes out quite well then there are effects of singles and doubles and this is a this is a very important table let me also write this table so it actually comes out as c minus opus is actual practice so let us see what it gives so co-dipole moment this is scf will also give you the energy and dipole I mean energy is not very interesting but so if you do scf minus 112.788 again it's an atomic unit everything is an atomic unit and dipole moment is minus 0.10 so very interesting result I will just show you then you do scf plus 138 doubles I just want to clarify what does mean this is again a 30 this is again a basis set some extended basis set it doesn't matter the point that we are trying to say that even when you choose doubles you can choose them selectively w xr a country how tell me how how can you choose selectively w xr a country if you look at the wave function from the perturbation theory the wave function of the first order content w xr a detail right what are the coefficients of the determinant it is the matrix element divided by the orbital energy right so for example each of the coefficients are psi hardly for each psi doubles whatever is the doubles let's say a b r s divided by epsilon a plus epsilon b minus epsilon r something like this some denominator and this of course for the correlation energy a mod square of this divided by so each of this number tells you what is the contribution of each a b r s into the correlation error this value divided by this one if this is very small then you can actually neglect this so you can assume that that particular a b r s is not very important which means which can happen in two ways either this value is very small or this value is very large which means there is a large gap between these two occupied and two virtual and that that that means very high line virtual orbitals you need not worry because the denominator itself will kill it okay so that that is a way to select doubles in ci so many times we do double ci but we don't take all doubles so you do a very quick calculation of this number and then decide this number again can be calculated as a b anti-symmetrize r s by a stator rule and then quickly calculate what is the value and then decide the double so that is the calculation that has been done so let us do this 138 doubles the value of energy becomes minus 113.016 dipole moment remains minus 0.06 let me let me tell you the positive dipole moment is c minus open just to give you a reference so you can see that this is actually c plus or minus okay this is also c plus open which is wrong because the positive that this is how the table is going to positive means it is c minus o plus so scf I do a dci the dipole moment is still wrong energy of course improves marginally but energy is not dc I want to you have to focus on this dipole moment still comes out wrong c minus o plus okay small c minus open this is much larger c minus o plus it is reduced but it is still wrong correct then we do scf plus 200 doubles this is interesting so I take more number of doubles some more the result is minus 113.034 and this still does not improve minus 0.07 so it tells you that by just including doubles it still remains c plus open qualitatively it still remains wrong c o but what I now do is the following scf plus some doubles 138 doubles but instead of adding the 62 extra double they have added 62 singles so number of configuration is still 200 but we have added some more singles instead of doubles so it is a cisd but a truncated cisd within the cisd also have selected and here the result is minus 113.018 again energy you see almost saturated it does not matter one way or the other but now look at this number plus 0.02 and experiment I mean the energy is not important experiment dipole moment is plus 0.04 I think it is a very interesting table so I will try to reflect on this so what does this show tell me first what did you learn from this I give you some numbers now what did you learn much more than energy that is important dipole moments are affected by singles much more than the energy that is first very important whereas for energy I told you doubles is more important but now what we see is that when you come to dipole moment actually more than doubles what is important is in moment I take singles I start to get the right result so one important lesson if you do DCI for doubles for dipole moment it is a bad calculator if you are going to calculate dipole moment you must accept except that we never do cis because energy does not improve so the ideal thing to do is CISD it is very important to do CISD to get the dipole moment corrected most cases because the real correlation contribution to dipole moment comes from this and we will I will tell you why why why that is so but let us reflect on the result and as soon as you took some singles you can see that the dipole moment went in the right direction qualitative in fact the CO dipole moment and ionization potential of nitrogen these two were told as a very significant results showing that the SCF is bad first of all SCF is bad but if you do not take singles even correlation calculations are bad in many cases for dipole moment and this is also another example CO is a very brilliant example because dipole moment CO is very small see plus 0.044 see it is a C minus O plus but it is almost neutral it is only plus 0.044 it is almost neutral carbon and oxygen electronegativity difference very very small but unlike what you would expect it is not C plus O minus it is very small C minus O plus and that is why it is a test of a theory so if you have to if you have to approach a 0 which is not by symmetry it is a much bigger test of a theory if it is by symmetry you will automatically come even if you make some small small errors but if it is not by symmetry by cancellation of many many effects then all effects must be taken correctly to have that cancellation and this is the example where to reproduce these one has to be very very careful okay so you can see that with reasonably large calculation I am almost closed but the singles are important if you just keep on improving bubbles nothing will happen this will remain negative so the result will be qualitatively still wrong and that is the reason the CO is a very difficult molecule to calculate in fact if you do Hartree-Farr first of all you will get wrong in a good basis also first of all you will get a completely wrong so you do a charge analysis of CO with Hartree-Farr I mean it is totally wrong it will show C plus O minus okay and then everything all your all your chemistry will go wrong so this is one good example why electron correlation is important and why not only electron correlation the correct way of taking electron correlation is so that is that is a very important part to analyze now why does dipole moment get affected by singles more than the energy that somebody tell me that I hope all of you know what is dipole moment operator it is a one electron operator okay dipole yeah r r dot f yes we know as is of course marker right right so you so if you have a dipole operator mu and all of you know it's basically u charge times r r i sum over that so it's a one electron operator so these quantities like psi Hartree-Farr psi singles this is very very important it's also one electron operator in fact if you do this calculation psi Hartree-Farr mu psi doubles what is the result of this is actually 0 so because by slater rule this is a one electron operator so this is actually 0 so if I do double ci the dipole moment will not directly connect to the Hartree-Farr of course you will still say why did double ci change the value to change the value because I had other terms like psi doubles mu psi double because when I do double ci this side is also ci Hartree-Farr plus doubles this side is also Hartree-Farr plus doubles I am taking an average value of dipole moment the web function where left and right hand side so this is all I will do for for dipole moment because I don't have any variation of matter so I calculated the ci web function I calculate the dipole moment as an average value so that means psi Hartree-Farr plus c d psi doubles on the left and c c s psi s then again mu and the same team under that Hartree-Farr c s right so this is the ci s level of calculation so this is how I calculate and of course the normalization denominator the denominator is important because it is intermediate normalization so remember the whole web function is not normalized unity so I have to take the denominator but if I now calculate this first one gives me Hartree-Farr example it does not change then it gives me psi d mu psi h s which is 0 but then you have psi s mu psi h s which is very significant and similarly the converse terms so I have doubles to doubles and singles to singles these are all that survive but quite clearly when I have singles I have a very large term coming from this and that actually starts to affect the dipole moment more than this term this term only shifts little bit this is the more dominant term because it is a direct interaction with the Hartree-Farr example and this survives whereas for doubles this is 0 so that is the reason it is important to have singles when you calculate a dipole moment so never do a one electron property not only dipole moment any one electron property calculation without single because you will of course change the result but a major part is now not taken which is exactly opposite to what you said for the energy for energy we said singles does not really affect because for Hamiltonian there is a Brillouin's theorem for dipole moment there is no Brillouin's theorem okay so these are small small things but it is important to remember okay


At least one person has died and 51 others are unaccounted for. After the collapse of a 12-year or 12-story residential building in Miami, Florida, rescuers are combing the rubble in the search for survivors and were seen pulling a boy out alive. It isn't clear how many people were in the building at the time. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


It's seven years now. If it were seven days, I would speak something sweet and that will be a bomb and a solace for you. Now that it's seven years, I say cruel things, okay? They're not cruel, it's just that's the way of life.  If we do not understand the ways of life, we will render ourselves unfit to live life. So, you know very well, every day a lot of people are dying. As we sit here in Satsang, in two hours how many people do you think would have died in the world? What's the estimate? Somebody who's a doctor or an undertaker, you must know. What are the numbers like? Let's say a few thousands, all right? I don't know, it could be more than that, isn't it? In twenty-four hours I think a few million people are dying, yes? A couple of million at least must be dying. In two hours a few hundred thousand are dying. And every one of them who die will be dear to somebody, yes? Maybe one person, two people, five people, ten people are crying right now about that one person who died, yes or no? So, do we say, oh, it's nothing anyway that I live them alone? That's not it, that is callousness. I'm not talking about that, but still to understand that this is the way life is structured. But you have structured your thought and emotion in a different way, which is bound to break at some point.  If both of you have to live forever, then we cannot tolerate this. Can you tolerate a whole lot of people who are attached to each other, they never die? Can you tolerate this? It will happen invariably.  That's our wish. But what is a complete cycle of life? Today doctors are saying if you live for another fifty years, we will make you live for five hundred years. Of course you won't remember what happened four hundred years ago, but it doesn't matter, we'll make you live five hundred years. Only thing is, you must have tubes and pins and needles and connect it to you wherever you go. But you live for five hundred years, you know they're saying this? Some of the doctors are saying, now they can manufacture extra spare liver, spare kidney, spare heart with stem cells and keep it ready for you if you have the money. Even now it can be done. Only thing is like yesterday or day before I was talking to a doctor who was very involved in this, he said, see we can grow a spare liver for you right now. But only thing is we cannot fully control that it is, it may be it is possible that your liver have teeth. How is it your liver biting you from inside? Really this is exactly what he said, that your liver may develop teeth, actually dentures because in the stem cells we cannot control that. Your heart may happen but it may have a nose and it wants to breathe, not only just beat, then you have to open up a small hole for it to breathe, like this. I'm saying you can stretch it, but nobody is talking about never dying, okay? Instead of fifty years we said hundred, instead of hundred we said hundred and sixty with yoga. Now they're saying five hundred we will do with spare kidney, spare heart, spare liver, everything done.  Even at five hundred the same struggle will go on, isn't it? Post-ponement and much more will, struggle will happen along the way. So many surgeries have transplant. It's a good business model but it is not a way to live. So we wish that everybody gets to live their natural lifespan. But what is natural is not for you and me to decide, isn't it? For whatever reason? When life is here, we do everything possible to preserve it and nurture it. But for whatever reason, either because of an ailment or a car crash or a bullet or a hangman's nose, which way life left the body, it doesn't matter. For whatever reason, the moment it leaves the body, you respect the decision of that life, that it chooses to leave the physical, always. If you do not respect that, you have not understood the fundamentals of how life happens. And anyway, this is not even about life. This is about having lost what is yours. Somebody lost a home, they're crying about it for seven years. Somebody lost a million dollars, they're crying about it for fourteen years. Yes or no? Yes or no? So the question is not about your brother, the question is not about another life, the crying is not about life at all, the crying is about what you possessed has been lost. So this is what I was telling him, the child is still four years. First thing is learn to not possess because it's not even yours. It's never been yours. It is you who is claiming, this is my brother, this is my son, this is my this. As a relationship, you can say, okay, this is my somebody. But you believing this is mine and if you lose it, you're broken, is not compatible to the way life is structured. This may not be acceptable for you, how cruel can Sadhguru get? It's not me, this is the way creation is. Either you see it and be in tune with it and make maximum out of life or you don't see it and cry about everything that happens. So this is the most important thing that you do as a child in India. The only reason, now they have for different reasons, the only reason why they wanted to have a son is because in your old age he will remind you about your spiritual responsibility. He will remind you about your mukti, your liberation and if you don't get it in your life, he will facilitate it even after you're dead. Just for this one reason, everybody wanted to have children. So I'm saying that is your fundamental duty to one who delivered you, who brought you to life to remind her about the nature of life and tell her what is the most important thing.  She has to find her ultimate nature, that is the most important thing.


Live from Las Vegas, Nevada it's theCUBE covering EMC World 2015 brought to you by EMC, Brocade, and VCE. It's flagship program. We go out to the event and extract the sizzling noise. I'm John Furrier, my co-student Miniman. Our next guest is a CUBE alumni. I've been on theCUBE many times before. And back again, John Thompson is the CEO of Virtual Instruments and also the chairman of a company called Microsoft. Welcome back to theCUBE. It's nice to be back. Great to see you. In VMworld 2011 we did an interview on Virtual Instruments through the CEO. And we were really riffing on this whole idea of data instrumentation and we was really pre-internative things. So give us the update. What's going on with Virtual Instruments here? I see Microsoft has a conference going on Ignite. Even though you're chairman of the board, you're also the CEO of Virtual Instruments. And you got to do some business here. What's going on? What business are you doing? Well, this is an important conference for Virtual Instruments. EMC is one of our strongest go-to-market partners and candidly many of their customers are Virtual Instruments customers. And so it's an opportunity for me to be here to spend time with our partners and our customers in one venue. Our business is doing quite well. We just had a very, very strong March quarter, which is always a little bit of a down quarter for most tech companies. But we were up 27, 28% year over year for the calendar Q1, so we feel pretty good about that. This is the most important quarter of the year though, which is always the case in tech. So we're hoping that we can knock the ball out of the park again this quarter. We launched our Virtual Wisdom 4 platform in the spring of last year, and it is gaining tremendous traction, certainly in the U.S. and around the globe. It is all about health utilization and performance of the infrastructure. And we've defined a model where you can look at an application inside that infrastructure to monitor its performance and its availability. And that idea is so critical in a world where everything will someday live in the cloud, and you will want to assure a level of performance and, quite frankly, a level of responsiveness to customers as they come on. Well, it just says a reset. Just share the folks out. This is not a new concept for you guys. So we talked about this years ago.  Quickly back, where did it come from? Was it an itch to scratch? What original product did you have? And how does that morph into today's crazy data-driven world where dash boarding, real-time, is actually competitive advantage and now table stakes? Well, if you were to go back to the genesis of virtual instruments, we started as a small technology investment inside a larger company called Finisar that was trying to solve the inevitable performance problem in the fiber channel world. And as the market crashed in 2007, 2008, the team at Finisar had to decide, how are we going to clean up our portfolio? And the result was they sold off the assets where we, in fact, created virtual instruments. So a small group of investors led by Jim Davidson from Silverlake and Michael Marks from Riverwood helped to fund the original investment in virtual instruments. We've been at it now for about seven years. We have clearly evolved the product quite a bit since then. And we've captured a number of very, very strong venture capital investments along the way. As we made the choice that said we need to shift from being a fiber channel company to being an infrastructure performance management company because the inevitable movement to the cloud will drive an opportunity for us.  I mean, this is pretty much a big bet and there's a lot of money involved with private equity. So it wasn't like you were throwing the Silicon Valley startup together. It was really like, okay, there's big money behind it. Did you see it turning out this way? What were some learnings that have been magnified from that trajectory? Well, I think in the early days we thought the path was a little different than what we've actually followed. We thought the path was that the fiber channel world was so big and that it needed better visibility that this would in fact give the world better visibility in the fiber channel space. What we have observed, however, is that the entire infrastructure has become more and more opaque and therefore you need to not just drive visibility in the storage layer but across the entire converged stack. And so the platform that we have evolved is all about supporting this converged platform, not just fiber channel but file based storage, not just VMware but all virtualized server environments. And we believe that's a multi-billion dollar market and that's why we were able to attract both private equity initially and venture capital later as we built out the product portfolio. Yeah, it's interesting. You see some of these ideas come around full circle. I'm curious, just an industry trend, your opinion on Veritas being spun out. Yeah, it's both sad for me personally but I think it speaks to how difficult the cultural integration might have been between the two companies. While I really had a vision back in the 04-05 days of security and backup coming together, I think it was a really, really difficult thing to make happen in the context of what has evolved at Symantec. So the fact that they've chosen to spin it out, it's perhaps a little disappointing for me personally but not a surprise. Yeah, so what is your vision of security today? Is my understanding you advise, even sit on the board of Alumeo a company we've talked to? Cool company, really. So what's happening with security? So if you think about how security has evolved, once upon a time it was about protecting the device. Candidly in a cloud based world it's going to be more about protecting the workloads as they move around. And that's one of the elements of what Alumeo does in fact provide. Furthermore, I have believed for a very, very long time that as time goes on security will have to get closer and closer to that which is deemed to be most critical. In other words, you can't protect all of the data, you can't protect all of the instances that are on the web, but you can identify those that are most critical and therefore need a level of protection beyond what the standard would be. And so my belief is that companies like Alumeo and others that will evolve will get closer to the workload and will get closer to the data that's most critical. And so data classification and things of that nature will become much, much more important than they have. Now you're an investor in Alumeo. Yes, I am. Are you on the board? Yes, I am. Okay, so you're on the board of director and investor. We covered their launch. Great company. The Kraken is low as Alan Cohen would say. But phenomenal funding round. They've gone from stealth two years and now the big $100 million funding round. Massive. Gorilla marketing is still going on at ARSA. It was kind of clever. The perimeter-less cloud is a factor. And what tech-enabled do you see the key thing?  What is the technology driver for that? Well, the whole idea behind Alumeo is to have what I would call a portable policy enforcement engine that can move as the workload moves around the cloud. So policy management, security policy management has been a very, very difficult task for most large enterprises. So if I can define security policies for every server of where workloads can go to and from on that server and make sure that nothing violates that policy, hence I enforce it routinely, Well I can change the dynamic of how security gets delivered in a cloud-based world because no workload is going to run in any single place in a cloud world. That workload is going to move to where there is capacity to handle it. Sean, I've got to ask you because we have a lot of people out there that follow the tech business, tech athletes that you are. But also you're a senior executive who has a lot of experience and we could be presenting to Harvard Business School, Stanford Business School. I want to get your kind of business mind out to the audience. And that is that as an executive who's seen the big companies, the big battleships, the big aircraft carriers from the IBM days to the M&A world of the 90s and the transformation of the internet now in a complete shift and inflection point with things like Alumeo and cloud and virtual instruments and the new Microsoft and the Silicon angles and the crowd chats out there. What do you advise managers out there to operate from a management perspective? I mean, there's a classic business school, you know, numbers, quarter, there's challenges of going public, managing enormous dynamic technology change. So every theater is kind of exploding, the technology theater, the business theater, the social theater. As an executive, how would you advise someone as a CEO or rising, growing startup how they should stitch themselves together if you can draw in from previous experiences or is there a pattern recognition you can share? Well, it's never simply about the numbers. Well, the numbers are always important and the numbers will always be the underpinning of the valuation or whatever. In reality, it's about having a team that is able to rally around a leader with a vision that says, here's how we're going to change the world. Here's how we're going to make an impact as this industry goes through the natural inflection points that it always does. And if you look at what has occurred in this industry about every eight to ten years, something significant changes. And so a company that may have missed an opportunity six or eight years ago has another shot at it six or eight years later because of the inflection points that we go through. So it's important for the leader of a company to believe that I can change the world based upon the industry that I'm a part of and have a compelling point of view about what changing the world means for that company and that team. And if you can get the team together around that idea. What about cloud and big data and mobile, these dynamics that you would, if someone just wants the roadmap or navigation or what deck to go after? What would you say, you know, get it all in the cloud or go poke at it, do a little R&D, new agile management, things are happening? Well, I think it starts with what are the core competencies that you have as a team or a company? I can't say, gee, I'm going to go and do cloud. And oh, by the way, I have no competency in the management infrastructure for large enterprises. Or I'm going to go do mobile and I really have no experience in the mobile space whatsoever. And so core competencies matter and leveraging the core strengths of the company matters. Now, oftentimes what companies will do is supplement their core strengths through M&A. They'll go out and acquire something and bolt it on. The hard part of M&A, which is what we were referencing earlier around Veritas, is can you integrate it? Can you really make it work after you've bought it? Buying it is the easy part. Integrating it and making it work is the really, really tough part. And arguably we didn't do as good a job as I would have liked with Symantec. And so basically you're saying as an executive, you want to look at the winds of change and get the sales up, if you will, to use the metaphor and get into that slipstream so you can actually drive and you can't be an amateur. You've got to actually have some competency. You've got to have a leverage point. Look, one of the great things about this industry is it doesn't take some brilliant business leader to create a new idea. I mean, no one ever would have viewed Zuckerberg as a business leader or some of the young, really, really powerful CEOs that have built phenomenal, phenomenal companies in this industry. But they had an idea and they were able to create a team around that idea and go change the world. And that's what's so powerful about this industry that I've had the pleasure to be a part of for 40-some years. So speaking about CEOs that changed the industry, John Chambers announced that he's, you know, stepping aside from the CEO role this morning.  And 20 years there, you know, Chuck Robbins is coming in. He's been there since, you know, I think 97.  Well, John's a really, really good friend and I admire him for all of what he's done at Cisco. And I wish him well as he makes this transition. Interestingly enough, the transition is to executive chairman with the new CEO stepping in. So what that says is that John plans to have a little more involvement perhaps in what goes on at the company than I do at Microsoft. My title is not executive chairman at Microsoft. Thank goodness. I wouldn't want it to be either. But it also speaks to the fact that John's been the CEO at Cisco since 1995 or something like that. It's amazing. And so he has an enormous amount of knowledge and insight about the company, the industry, its customers, partners, culture, all of those, the culture. And so all of those things will be valuable and important to the new CEO. And I think him stepping into that new role is trying to leverage that. Satya Nadella came in and made his voice heard really instantly and Microsoft has been a great company to watch since he's came on board. Does Cisco need to make some bold moves or are they pretty stable where they are as kind of a dominant player? That's a better question for John and the new CEO. I think what is clear is that all companies at some point have to find a way to redefine themselves. And Satya's role at Microsoft, he has redefined Microsoft as a cloud-first, mobile-first company. And that's all about recognizing where apps are going to run on what devices and what kind of services. And that redefinition, I think, is important for any industry leader regardless of how long they are. You just brought us to the tagline of this show, EMC World is redefined. So, you know, any comments? How's EMC doing at redefining themselves? I think EMC is a terrific company. Joe's a longtime friend of mine. I've known Joe forever. And it's been amazing to see how it's gone from being a storage company to this federation of companies that have capabilities that are so broad and so diverse. I hope they don't get pushed to do something that isn't in the best interest of customers but may be enamored by some investors. I hope that does not happen. You're talking about the activist pressure. Yeah, that's unfortunate. But I think they have a nice balance now. You just all base, and there's competitive pressure. So they got to push that. But I have to ask, because I was getting some tweets earlier about Microsoft, and I know you're only chairman of the board, not an executive chairman. But you were involved in a very historic part. You were on the executive search committee for the CEO replacement for Steve Ballmer, of which they chose Satya Nantella, a CUBE alumni we interviewed at the Excel Partners Innovation Summit in Stanford. That's about culture. That's about transitions, about inflection points. Stu mentioned Cisco, not similar situation, but Microsoft is a legend company. In the computer industry like in Apple, Microsoft was there. Big part of the computer revolution. Big seismic change, and you were right there. Just share some color on what that whole experience is like for you personally. And if you can share any insights to the audience, I know it might be a sensitive topic. But what was that like, and the outcomes looking good? Obviously Satya is doing great. What can you share? Well, I think it would be fair to say that it was a more consuming process than I ever thought it would be. I went from being a new board member at Microsoft in the spring of 2012 to being the lead independent director in the fall of 2012 to leading the search starting in the summer of 2013. I mean, I never could have imagined my involvement there changing that dramatically. Nor would I have imagined that searching for a CEO of a company would consume 80% of my time when I was also running a company. So for a period of about six months... That's a tech athlete right there. Lastly, I had two full-time jobs where I was on the phone all day every day trying to get something done for VI and on the phone all day every day trying to get something done for Microsoft as well. It was, I would also have to say, an incredibly, incredibly exhilarating experience. I talked to some phenomenal leaders from around the world. We had Card Blanc to look anywhere we wanted at any CEO or candidate that we wanted. And we settled on someone who was a tech athlete. We believed that the company was at a really, really important inflection point where over the course of the next 12 to 24 months we were going to have to make some really, really important technology decisions that would set the course for Microsoft for many, many years to come. And so while there was much speculation in the press about this person or that person and what a great business leader that person was, what we as a board concluded was that what our company needed at that moment in time was a true technology visionary who could drive the strategy of the company. Because they had assets.  They saw a lot of assets there. Cloud was built out. Everything was kind of like in place for that tech athlete. Yeah, sure. And I think Satya's done an amazing job. I'm quite proud of him. I'm happy to say I had some small part in that, but I'm more happy for the way he has executed in the job. I mean, he steps into the job with a level of humility but confidence. It is so important for the CEO of a company of that size. And to maintain that cultural DNA because you have one of the most competitive companies on the planet. Oh, no question about it. To the point where they had to be almost broken up by the DOJ from the Bill Gates kind of the DNA and Balmer to continue to be competitive in this new era. Yeah. It's a really tough challenge. Well, he's a bright guy. He, as I said, has great humility and has the respect of the team. And it's been interesting to see the internal shift in behavior and attitude with a guy who, I jokingly say, he has two ears in one mouth and he uses them proportionately. And that's a very important lesson for someone trying to transform a company. You must listen more than you talk. And I think he does a great job of that. Well, we try to do that at theCUBE, but we talk all day long and we do interviews. But I got to ask you back to Virtual Instruments. Okay, you got some good biz dev going on with EMC. You could go to Margaret Partner. How about VMware and the Federation? Are they partnering with you as well? Our essay? Is it all Federation? It's mostly through EMC. And while VMware is a small BI customer, we don't do much with them on the go-to-market side. On the go-to-market side, we rely more heavily, if you will, on EMC. That partnership has evolved. I mean, from the early days it was viewed as, gee, we're not sure who you are and what you do and whether or not you're competitive with us. Today, we have very, very common go-to-market processes around the globe. I'd love to see them stronger. I just left Tucci's office and saying, gee, Joe, we can do more. But when it's all said and done, this is one of the strongest go-to-market partners we have. That's awesome. And share to folks out there what they might not know about Virtual Instruments that you can share. They're hearing this now for the first time and they're getting on the radar. Future of your business, your division, product extensibility, future of Internet of Everything, future of Internet of Things, whatever you want to put on a big data and the data center. And the migration to the cloud is all here. At our core, we believe that every large enterprise will inevitably have some, if not all, of their work in the cloud. So the question is, how do you help them manage that inevitable migration to the cloud by de-risking the migration and ensuring appropriate infrastructure performance management once you arrive there? We focus on the largest enterprises in the world. So unlike many tech startups that will start with a midsize or small company and work their way up, well, the largest banks in the universe, the largest insurance companies in the universe, the largest of every sector in the universe is a customer of the eye or will be someday. And that notion of solving very, very complex problems is something that our team has great pride in our ability to do that. I want to get philosophical with you if you can for a second. We'll kind of sit back and have a glass of wine and kind of talk to the younger generation out there. With all your history and experience, how great of an opportunity is it for the young entrepreneurs and CEOs out there right now? Given the confluence of the shift and inflection points, can you compare this to an error? I mean, we in the Cube say it's like the PC revolution bundled them with the client server and the internet all kind of at once. Do you agree and how would you say, hey guys, you have an amazing opportunity out there? Well, I think the example of just how crazy it is. I was driving through the airport this morning and what I thought would be an hour-long drive took two hours because there's so many people on the road in the valley going to work. There's just so much going on in Silicon Valley right now. It is amazing. And for anyone who has a really, really great idea, the thing that's equally amazing is there's lots of capital out there to support those ideas. And so I would encourage any young entrepreneur who has a thought, socialize your thought, get it out so people can learn about it and then go get money to support and back that thought. There's lots of money out there for good ideas, lots of money. John, we appreciate you taking the time coming out of your busy schedule. CEO of Virtual Instruments, chairman of Microsoft here inside the Cube. Tech athletes is a big deal. You are one of those. Great to always have a conversation with you. Thank you so much. This is the Cube. We'll be right back with more insights and the signal from the noise after this short break.


بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والصلاة والسلام علي سيدنا ونبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحمه وسلم يا ربنا لك الحمدك با ينبغي الجلال وجيك وعظيمي سلطانك يا الله وإن شاء الله we will be starting today our session continuing the Tapsee year of Surat Yaseen last time we stopped at ayah 58 إن شاء الله we will go from here إن شاء الله بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ومتازوا اليوم أيها المجرمون and you you الله سبحانه وتعالى is talking to the criminals now and he is saying stand apart today the word متازوا means to be separated so they were separated from everything from mercy they were separated from the good people so they will not receive anything good so Allah سبحانه وتعالى showed those criminals those losers he showed them that the believers and the winners are going to they are going to paradise and they are going to some of them to the Ferdows so that that thing that happened to them just to see just to see that people are going to paradise and they are going to that by itself will cause them so much sorrow so Allah سبحانه وتعالى he threatened them in dunya he sent them messengers he did all that he wanted to do just to be merciful to them but they did not follow him so this is why they will be punished in the day after Allah سبحانه وتعالى says ألم أعهد إليكم يا بني آدم أن لا تعبد الشيطان إنه لكم عدو المبين هل أنا لن أحاول أنك يا صديقي آدم أن لا يجب أن تحاول الشيطان حقا الشيطان is your worst enemy so Allah سبحانه وتعالى is telling them that شيطان is a plain enemy to you so you did not listen Allah when he sent the messengers they told people that be careful شيطان will keep whispering شيطان will do whatever he can just to make you away from أسراط المستقيم if we go back to the story of سيدنا آدم شيطان was doomed out of جنة because he disobeyed الله سبحانه وتعالى and he did not prostrate for سيدنا آدم so he was outcasted but what did he do he sweared by the might of الله سبحانه وتعالى that he will for sure mislead his people except among them those whom Allah has chosen as by servants إلا عبادك منهم المخلصين so those servants he cannot whisper to them why the problem is not between شيطان and Allah it's between شيطان and people he promised for sure that he will أقعدنا لهم سراطك المستقيم سراطك المستقيم so he promised Allah that I will surely wait for them on your straight path why شيطان is not going to go to the bars to the gambling stations it's not gonna go there because he knows for sure already people who got astray but he wants to go to the places of worship just to whisper to people he wants to whisper to people not to obey Allah سبحانه وتعالى so what did Allah سبحانه وتعالى do what did he do he ordered his servants not to worship شيطان and listen to his whisper because إنه لكما عدو مبيين he is a plain enemy to you so what will he do he will try to make people astray from the right path if he cannot then he will try to make them have in their media so their actions won't be for the sake only of Allah سبحانه وتعالى so their سواب their reward will be decreased he knows he cannot get them astray but he will try to do anything he can to make them away from full reward so he said لأات ينه من بين ايديهم ومن خلفيهم وعن ايمانهم وعن شمائلهم I will get to your servants from between their hands from behind them from their right from their left he wants to go in all directions but he forgot to say from above them or from below them why because the servant is connected to Allah and he is connected from above to the dignity of servitude and he is going away from below from the humiliation of being a follower to shaitan so shaitan could not get into these these people then Allah سبحانه و تعالى goes on and says so he said ألم أعهد إليكم يا ابني آدمة أن لا تعبدوا الشيطان إنه لكم عدو مبين didn't I command you not to worship shaitan then he said وأني عبدوني هذا الصرات المستقيم and that you should worship me and that is so worship me why worship me because because of so many things the first one is that Allah سبحانه و تعالى has created you and he sent you the messengers he loved his creatures Allah loves people so he wanted he wanted them just to enjoy his bounties in the day after وأني عبدوني هذا الصرات المستقيم so this هذا is a call to follow the صرات المستقيم what is the صرات المستقيم obeying Allah سبحانه و تعالى leaving away what he ordered us not to do following the Quran following the sunnah getting closer to Allah this is the صرات المستقيم this is the straight path and to add into this is the disobeying of shaitan shaitan will whisper but we have to get stronger so not to be affected by his whisper so Allah is calling people to the صرات to the طريق the straight path and whether people loved this صرات or did not love it whether they found it easy or they found it difficult they have to follow this صرات so in dunya we are walking we are going along this طريق this road and we are going when there is a road when you are driving you will go just you pass through this road and you go to another thing to another station so our life in this dunya is just as if we are passing from one station to the other so the road that we are following has a beginning and has an end has a from and has a to and its death where does it lead to either paradise or health fire so when we follow الله سبحانه وتعالى وعني عبدوني when we follow him then what happens we are on the right path إن شاء الله that would lead to the high heavens and of course since there is no rest in this dunya there will be obstacles on this right path it will not be easy again shaitan will whisper to you when you are worshipping Allah سبحانه وتعالى shaitan will tell you when you want to wake up for pleasure oh it's called just few more minutes it's just called in time is you still have more time until you either do it at the end or you miss it normally the worship at the beginning of its time has support has something that will push you to do it eagerly and easily but at the end it will be as if something oh I have to do it it's not the same way as I want to do it to enjoy it to get the highest reward for it so this is what shaitan promised Allah سبحانه وتعالى to do وَلَقَدْ أَضَلَّ مِنْكُمْ جِبِلَّنْ كَثِيرًا أفلم تكونوا تحقيلون indeed shaitan led astray a great number of strong people did you not then understand so you are not the only ones who shaitan got you astray there are so many people so many people who were misled by shaitan and those people were strong enough they thought that shaitan cannot get into them cannot affect them cannot whisper to them so get prepared get prepared so that you will be able to walk on the shaitan even though there are difficulties but you will you will be able to overcome these difficulties by the help of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and it's not only you when you care about your children you would be able to raise them on the same سرات المستقين you will be raised them in a way that they will be able to choose what's good and what's bad you will raise them in a way that you will care about their akhirah you will raise them in a way that they will be strong leaders who other weak people can follow you will get the reward of everything good you are doing so just think أفلم تكونوا تعقلون so what happened to those strong people shaitan came to them from the from the road of things that they love to do in this dunya so these things made the way of worshiping of Allah سبحانه وتعالى more difficult for them but only if they used their intellect they would know the reality and they would know that their sound intellect would order them just to follow the right path because they know that if they don't جهنم is waiting and this is what Allah is saying in the next ayah هذه جهنم التي كنتم تعادون this is health this is the health fire which you were promised Allah sent the messengers to warn people that if you don't follow the صرات المستقيم if you don't follow the right path then you will a great punishment is waiting for you so what will happen to them the losers on the day after they would look into the health fire and the result is atmosphere because they know that this would be their final destination they know that Allah سبحانه وتعالى is going to order them to order angels to throw these losers in health fire and when they do then يسلوها اليوم بما كنتم تكفرون burn therein this day this day which is the day of judgment burn in health fire بما كنتم تكفرون and that's for what you used to disbelieve in يسلوها burn in it because of your disbelief in the bounties of Allah سبحانه وتعالى in the signs that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has sent you in the messengers that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has sent you disbelieved in everything okay this is the the punishment يوم يدعون الى نارجة هنما دعا هذه النار التي كنتم بها تكذيبون the day when they will be pushed down by force to fire they will not get there gently no this is the fire which they used to be lie what does the word يسلوها اليوم بما كنتم تكفرون what's اليوم اليوم is today what's the what's the emphasis on this word because earlier yesterday which was the dunya which was their life yesterday was gone with with the things that they loved and they enjoyed and nothing is left except the humiliation of the sin that the sins that they were committing in dunya they will be ashamed that they did not believe they would be ashamed that they sinned they would be ashamed that they did not follow the right path so what will happen to them they are burning in hellfire اليوم نختموا على أفواههم اليوم نختموا على أفواههم again this is an emphasis to the day of judgment اليوم نختموا على أفواههم اليوم نختموا على أفواههم we shall seal up their mouth they they will be voiceless they will be speechless they will not be able to say any word by their mouth so earlier in dunya their hearts were sealed so this belief would not get out of it and faith would not get into it but today today their mouth mouth will be sealed why so they would not give excuses they would not keep on denying and belying they would not give explanations why they belied why they did not believe so they will not be able to ask for forgiveness because this is not the time for it the time was in dunya that they could have done استغفار in dunya they had a chance to work more to erase their sins to do استغفار but that ended when they are now before الله سبحانه وتعالى they won't have any other chance so اليوم نختموا على أفواههم we shall seal up their mouth and their hands will speak to us their hands will witness what they did what they did in dunya they will say we used to obey obey him obey the person our master if he wanted to hit someone he would raise the hand and he would hit and the hand would obey same thing for the tongue they would they want the tongue is ordered to say whatever a man wants to say whether good or bad but for those people they were saying only bad things to other people so the tongue is ordered to obey the hands are ordered to obey but when they are going to Allah سبحانه وتعالى what will happen those limbs are going to witness what that man did who else will witness what the shahad who are their men and the legs also will bear witness where did they go so they went to so and so place that they were not supposed to go to places of haram places of gambling bars here and there their legs will witness to that so everything will witness to what they used to earn if we want to give an example for this we can give the example of the soldiers in a war in the war the soldiers were ordered to obey their officers their chiefs blindly even if the orders were wrong they had to fulfill them they have to obey but when they go back from the war they would give a report to the higher command to the officers the officers who they used to obey in the war and this is when when this is something similar that these limbs will stand before Allah سبحانه وتعالى the highest supreme the highest court and they will talk about the word the getting something is of two types someone might do a sin an action a bad deed but unintentionally without any previous intention so he would feel sorry he would repent and he would try not to do it again so this is the first way of deeds the other type is that someone would do a sin and he will show off that he has done that sin he won't repent but he would go on and he would talk to people oh we went to so and so place to do so and so bad things they would show off so the hands the mums the legs everything will witness on a human being in the day after what they did and why they did it and the person cannot say any word there will be speechless something else and if we will if we wish we would surely obliterate their eyes so what will happen and they would raise to find the path but how could they see so we could have misguided them when they cannot see so who is going to be guiding them how they could be guided and if we willed we could have deformed them we could have paralyzed them we could have transformed them to in their places we could have turned them to stones or to anything we will they would be unable to go forward not nor even to go backward فنستطاعوا مضيّن ولا يرجعون then they would have been unable to go forward to take a new path nor they could have turned back to the path they already follow which is leading to جهنم they could not change that Allah has warned them when he advise them not to worship shaitan not to obey shaitan whenever someone wants to do anything just have a second and think about it will I be obeying Allah or shaitan will this be on the scale of my good deeds or my bad deeds and then do it or not do it ومن نعمره ننكسه في الخلق and a person he whom we grant long life we reverse him in creation what does this mean نعمره ومن نعمره نعمره means to give long life to grant long life some people live 80 years some people live 90 years some people live 100 years some people have a short life they die young children young people so ومن نعمره those who we give long life ننكسه so he will go back to what he was earlier when he was young when he was baby when he was a child so he will not be he will not be as strong he will not be as energetic he will not have the knowledge that he has when he got older and this is what happens if he is walking someone needs to hold his hand so he doesn't fall down or someone needs even to carry him because he cannot walk anymore and this is mentioned clearly ومنكم يردوا إلى أرضلي العمر لكي لا يعلم من بعد علم شيء and amongst you there is he who is brought back to old age أرضلي العمر old age so that he knows nothing after having knowledge sometimes you see you hear of people having Alzheimer's they will forget everything after they were professors after they were doctors after they were lawyers so intellect they were intellectual nothing so when a person gets older he needs a special care when a person becomes old you will feel that taking care of that person is getting sensitive because the person himself will feel more sensitive than what he was earlier he will be more sensitive because he feels that he is a burden to others so if if someone says any word that they used to say to him the same word earlier when he was healthy then he he would not have sensitivity from that word it won't affect him but the old person would be more sensitive sometimes the old parents would advise something to their children who are getting old of course now so the children would think oh we know more oh way better than them they are old they don't know life real life they cannot follow the new technology they so they would show the parents that they have something less whether in thinking ideas this life so what happens الله سبحانه وتعالى in the Quran said do not say of to your parents do not show them that you don't like what they say do not show them that you don't like what they order you and in the Quran الله سبحانه وتعالى gave this advice to children and he did not give it to the parents he did not ask the parents to take care of their children but he asked the children to take care of their parents especially when they get old why because the nature of the parents is giving is loving their kids but that's why الله wants the children to honor their parents when they get older he wants to show them that they are everything in his life so whoever has parents alive just be good to them show them your love show them just a little bit of their sacrifice that they did for you when you were young when you were a child when you were an infant and if someone lost his parents just make استغفار for them do charities for them and remember always that reading Gal Fatiha for them would be a very valuable gift in one of the narrations one of the friends of Allah dreamt of his friend who passed away and he dreamt that he was passing by a graveyard and someone read Fatiha and sent it as a gift to the people who were deceased and who were in their graves so everybody was getting up brushing trying to get these jewels that was sent to them except for his friend he was he was surprised so he went to the place where he used to live and he asked who is the family what happened to his family he said after his death his son was very righteous and he was so good to his father and he would always read Quran for him and send him after and he understood that the people in their graves wanted the jewels of the Fatiha that was thrown to them because they don't have people to read Fatiha they don't have someone to do good for them later on he had the same person had another dream that his friend is collecting the jewels with the others and when he asked they told him that his son died so just remember your parents just remember to send them gifts if they are dead read them Quran do استغفار for them do عمرة for them do حج for them just give them gifts try to to do something that you wish to do in their life and you didn't do أفا لا يعقلون will they not then understand will they not think about how they were created will they not think about the life cycle they were created weak then they got stronger then they became gray-haired and then they became old and then they realized that they were created for another life for another world that is eternal they understood that this life is going to an end so أفا لا يعقلون think think of the oneness of Allah سبحانه وتعالى think of the messages think of the messengers think of death think of resurrection think of standing before Allah سبحانه وتعالى think for your for the scale and for your deeds think take the time to think you have time to think now but later you won't you have a chance to do good to yourself now you have a chance to make up what you missed but later you won't وما علمناه الشعر وما ينبغي له وما وما لم ننجد وما ليكانه هو سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ومعنى هل it's suitable for him وما هو the reason of this ayah أعلمت نوام كريش when they belied سيد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم they they said that he is a magician he is a poet هو ، هو ، هو ، so Allah is denying that his messenger is a poet and he said in another verse in Surat Al-Shu'ara in ayah 224 he said but it's only the deviators follow them but Prophet Muhammad SAW was not a poet yes he is reading the Quran yes the Quran is as eloquent more than anything they can create or they can say because you know the Arabs were so eloquent and the Quran came with their language but they couldn't do they couldn't make one single ayah similar to the Quran they were poets but Quran was not poetry they were poets but SAW was not a poet so it's not the society it's not the environment that taught him how to say Allah SWT did so this is the honor that his knowledge is divine knowledge today Muhammad SAW did not say poetry and was not a poet because it wasn't suitable for him to be a poet and you know that when earlier when they used to say poetry they used to praise the kings and say things maybe those things are not his characteristics even or not his mirrors just to gain some some money so there is some type of lying in poetry and SAW was not a poet and Allah SWT said that إن هو إلا ذكر وقرآن مبين this is only a reminder the Quran is only a reminder it is a clear Quran so SAW was so careful was so accurate in saying or in delivering the message and in giving the people the real exact 100% words of the Quran nothing was changed so again this is an emphasis that SAW was not a poet was not a priest was not a poet was not a liar was not a magician he was only a messenger of Allah SWT who جبريل عليه السلام gave him or revealed to him the Quran now sometimes you feel that there are people who are not Muslims when they hear the Quran they start to cry even though they don't know Arabic they don't know they don't understand what's said they never heard the Quran before so why what happens this is called in Arabic إن فعال المواجد which means that the eyes would tear when they hear the Quran they don't know the language they don't understand the words but the Quran is the words of Allah and those who are listening to the words of Allah are the creatures of Allah and the words of Allah would affect the heart of those who have pure إنقنص this is the condition some people would hear it even Muslims it would not affect them some people you will see that they are starting to crying and crying and crying it affected the heart so this is the real words of Allah SWT so why things happen why is it like this okay let's take an example a practical example if we are drinking tea and it's hot what do we do before we take a sip we just blow in it just a little bit so it gets so the surface of the tea just gets a little cooler now think of another example in winter when we get out and our hands are freezing what do we do we blow in our hands just to make them warm the blow is the same the same person blow once in the cup of tea and once in his hands but the result is different this is why we have القرآن is one thing but some people are affected by it some people are not لينذر من كان حي to warn whoever is alive Allah SWT says استجابوا لله إذا دعاكم لما يحقيكم how would what does يحقيكم يحقيكم means ينجيكم to save you so listen to Allah obey Allah when he calls you why so to save you in your next life there is life that's going this life is going to end this is materialistic life but there is a life that the moral life that will not that will not end but the results will appear only in the day after and this is this is the moral life so it will give you value in the day after but what does it give you in this dunya it gives you safety it gives you tranquility لينذر من كان حي where would we get all this from the Quran so when we read the Quran we understand it affects our hearts we want our hearts to be ready to gain the light of the Quran when our hearts have the light of the Quran then our life will be lit by this light our life will be shining لينذر من كان حي ويحق القول على الكافرين and that word maybe justified against the disbelievers those who did not believe it's a Quran is a mercy to the believers and it's an evidence against the non-believers so Allah SWT warned people and whoever go back in the day after to find himself of the winners he should thank Allah SWT that he Allah SWT made him or gave him the power to do what's good to be able to overcome shaitan to overcome the whispering of shaitan and that who found himself a loser he should blame himself and only blame himself so ya Allah we ask you ya Allah to get us connected to your book to get us connected to the book that who you revealed to sayidna Muhammad SAW to get us to be connected to the words that you chose in your book ya Allah to enlighten our hearts with the light of the Quran ya Allah to enlighten our graves with the light of Allah of the Quran ya Allah اللهم جعله نورا لنا في حياتنا ya Allah وصل للهما على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه وسلم إن شاء الله we will continue إن شاء الله next week السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


Oh, hello everybody. I'm not actually going to give a background into bioarchaeology because there are several people here who know far more about it than I do, but I am going to give bioarchaeology of care. So, beginning. Caring for those who are disabled by disease or injury is one of the most common, complex and demanding of behaviors. And if we can untangle the components of this care can tell us a lot about the people who are giving it and about the society in which it was given. So, where there's evidence in human remains indicating that a person lived with a disabling pathology suggests that they were probably cared for by those around them. And if we can tease out that experience of disability and care can provide us with new perspectives on the past. And the bioarchaeology of care is an approach that attempts to do just this. And while it was developed with prehistoric populations, because I'm a prehistorian, okay, that forgives me everything, there have been a few stunning applications of this approach to historic populations and you're going to be hearing some of these in this session. For those who haven't come across it, I'm going to introduce the bioarchaeology of care methodology illustrated with a case study from prehistoric Peru. Then I'm going to discuss what the presence of text might offer bioarchaeology of care analysis. You might well ask why use the prehistoric example in a medieval care session. Well, the absence of documentary evidence lets me show what can be achieved with archaeology alone with material evidence alone. And this provides the baseline for considering what text might add. And this is going to be a very fast and furious presentation and I apologize in advance because there's a lot of material to cover. The bioarchaeology of care is case study based, it's cross-disciplinary. It consists of four stages which progress through description, inference to interpretation with each stage building on the last to encourage a systematic and rigorous approach. I'm going to go through each stage in detail, don't worry. This approach is fundamentally bioarchaeological. I want to emphasize that context is as important as diagnosis for understanding what was necessary and what was possible in giving care. And analysis is supported by the index of care, an online application with four steps corresponding to the four stages containing linked worksheets to help organize evidence and observation and I have a handout available. Stage one of the bioarchaeology of care describes diagnosis and documents. It brings together all personal and life ways, information available for the subject and it provides the context for all subsequent analysis and interpretation. And the subject today is a young boy from the Nazca culture aged eight at death. He dates to 700 A.D. which is the late Nazca period and was recovered from a grave in Hacienda Agua Salada, Nazca province Peru. His remains were wrapped in textiles forming a money bundle. Within this bundle he was positioned on an adobe stool with lower legs drawn back beside him. Spinal deformities visible suggested that he might have been suffering from spots disease or spinal tuberculosis. Now in 1973 Allison and colleagues identified evidence for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis, POTS disease and a psoas abscess as well as multiple Harris lines acquired from early childhood onwards indicators of arrested growth which suggested chronic poor health. Allison and Co suggested the timeline for disease that's shown here, initial infection around age two, TB of the spine leading to lower body paralysis around age six or seven and death within weeks from blood-borne spread of TB to various organs happening into round age eight. And I'm happy to share my slides with anybody so don't bother taking photographs unless you really want to. There are two special features of the boy's mortuary treatment. The most significant is the position, his position on the stool. It was shaped to his body and this suggests that he used it during life and this fits in with ethnic historic reports that such stools were used to transport people unable to walk. In typical Nazca burials, bodies of flex needs to chest and position sitting just straightforwardly or on their side. There's no other interment with this feature recorded making this burial unique. Among the standard range of grave goods the second unusual feature is inclusion of pan pipes. Now pan pipes were associated with shamans with ceremonies with rituals. There's no other known case of their inclusion in a child's burial. General background. Okay the Nazca boy came from a small farming settlement on the Nazca river in the desert foothills of the Andes. Asyandawa Salada likely consisted of a few families defined by a common ancestor with everyone sharing economic, social and cultural responsibilities. The late Nazca period was defined by environmental and social pressures. General health stress and frequencies of disease and injury were on the increase. The rich Nazca iconography reflects cosmology, culture, it suggests animus beliefs with emphasis on fertility, death and regeneration. Increasing scenes of conflict in the late Nazca probably reflects social breakdown. But what's most interesting is what is not depicted in the art. So no domestic scenes, few representations of women and no representations of children. In fact there's very little in the archaeology to suggest just how Nazca children were regarded and we're going to come back to this later. Stage two establishes whether on balance of probability the subject had a disability requiring care. With disability defined in terms of functioning capability within the subject's social and physical context. Part one looks at the clinical impacts of the subject's pathology then part two identifies the possible effects of these impacts on the subject's ability to function independently. If care was likely required to manage the pathology impacts then the case study continues. If the subject could well have managed without care it stops. So symptoms of untreated spinal TB include fever, anorexia, weight loss, failure to grow, exhaustion and pain. Over time mechanical restrictions from the virtual damage reduced respiratory function. As neurological impacts of Pott's disease reduced his mobility the Nazca boy faced the range of well known immobility related problems. Challenges to cardiovascular, endocrine, digestive functions and of course the potentially lethal pressure source that accrue when people are bedridden. The symptoms of active blood-borne TB are listed here and they are pretty much the same as those of Pott's disease but on steroids. Part two of stage two considers the likely effects of identified clinical impacts on functional capability in terms of essential and instrumental activities of daily living. So the essential activities of daily living on the left are tasks fundamental to a basic level of independence. If they can't be performed then regardless of time place the person will need care to survive. Instrumental activities of daily living on the other hand refer to everyday actions and interactions considered normal for a community member. So pathology impact on instrumental activities is largely context dependent. For most of the Nazca boy's life up to his loss of mobility disease impacts probably have come under the heading of instrumental activities. He lived with poor health from early childhood delaying development of motor skills in turn probably affecting cognitive, social and emotional development. Unable to keep up with his peers he'd miss out on most of the informal activities where children learn social and applied skills. Find it impossible to carry out the small jobs that are typical for children in pre-industrial agricultural societies feeding animals bringing in firewood fetching water. With loss of mobility would come the impacts that fall under the essential activities of daily living heading. He'd be increasingly reliant on others for meeting basic needs for bathing and toileting for movement over distance for access to food and water for social participation and following the onset of milliery TB well he'd be incapable of any independent function. So to the final question of stage two on the balance of probability did the Nazca boy require care? Well while all children require care at some stage the Nazca boy required special time consuming health related care over most of his lifetime so the answer to that is yes. Stage three identifies the components of care provided in response to stage two impacts considered within the constraints of the stage one lifeways context. It proposes a model of basic care the duration of care what resources were required and what costs might have been incurred. Caregiving is conceptualized along a continuum extending from direct support through to accommodation of difference where direct support really refers to hands-on more intensive care more resource using care and accommodation of difference refers to adjustments made to include the subject within the community when their disability makes participation difficult or perhaps impossible. In the bioarchaeology of care certain basic components of caregiving is viewed as constant over time and place because they derive from what we could think of as constant human physiological and psychological needs so constants of care listed on the left mostly correspond to direct support where evidence of disease permits we can infer some of these constants with a fair amount of confidence on the other hand accommodation of difference covers measures to adapt the environment to the individual and a largely context determined so against the backdrop of the subjects lifeways we can ask what activities were standard what level of participation was expected was the physical environment an obstacle to participation and we can identify where adjustments may have been required and even in very broad terms what that those adjustments might have been. So the Nazca boy would need accommodation throughout his life acceptance of his difficulties then just acting as an ordinary child would call for special efforts to include him in activities as disease progressed he'd need a mounting level of direct support every form of care that's listed there on the bottom left would be needed and nursing an increasingly fragile child and he'd also need social and psychological support to comfort him to entertain to distract him and above all to give him that motivation to keep struggling with his disease all this increasingly demanding care would come with practical and emotional costs for his immediate carers of course but in a small subsistence stressed community there are also economic and social costs involved in supporting the caregivers themselves and these costs are borne by the small group as a whole. Stage four unpacks the implications of both provision and receipt of care in terms of understanding aspects of community social relations practice and organization and subject identity so caregiving always always involves agencies both agency sorry should really stress that caregiving always involves agency both carers and carer recipients choose how they respond to the challenges of disability which is why care offers such a valuable picture into the past part one focuses on caregivers and it proposes a generic decision path considers what underlies choices made at each step from identifying the need for care through to the end of care and includes mortuary treatment as care after death it asks what any particular decision made might suggest but aims motivation skills resources of those involved part two focuses on the subject what the experience of disability and to care may suggest about them as an individual the nasca boy case study allows us to consider aspects of cultural practice and his community including nasca attitudes towards children it's clear that there was a substantial emotional and economic investment in caring for a youngster who had little chance of long-term survival suggesting that even in the pressured environment of the late nasca the nasca put a high value on preserving life the boy's unique burial treatment seems an extension of this care the presence of the adobe stool might be explained in various ways as a mobility aid perhaps to help transition to the afterlife maybe to help functioning in the afterlife or maybe the stool was just such a part of his identity that including it was a mark of respect of love why the panpipes maybe they represent shamanic healing possibly needed in the afterlife or maybe the boy just liked panpipe music and the pipes celebrate the presence the pipes celebrate this but whatever the reason their inclusion is intentional it has a meaning that marks the boy as an individual both in life and in death together these aspects the burial treatment may tell us something of nasca beliefs about what happens after death for example maybe they reflect the belief that an individual retains their corporeal form it's just simply translated to another realm returning to the earlier observation that there's no evidence of how children were regarded in nasca culture the nasca boy's care during life and after death shows that at least one child was valued and if one child was valued perhaps it was nasca cultural practice to value all children perceiving each child as having their own personality their own needs and finally no one receiving care is passive they choose to cooperate with care and the shapes its process and its outcomes the osteobiography developed over stages one to three is the basis for speculating about the subject as a person the nasca boy had a very different childhood to his healthy appears outside the main action yes but also the focus of special attention you can't know how he responded to this maybe he felt special maybe he felt frustrated maybe angry maybe depressed maybe all of these but the length of his survival suggests the coping personality tenacious adaptable huh now to the meat based on archaeological evidence alone we get a very rich picture of the nasca boy's lived experience in his life ways but how might this study had been different if it had been located in historic times if he'd been a peasant child from early medieval rural europe of 700 ad when tb or the wasting disease was well established well we probably wouldn't have any additional information on what his personal experience of disability or care involved from contemporary texts there's little in medieval documents that deals directly with the detail of day to day caregiving maybe this is because caregiving was such a commonplace activity that there was no need to record it having said that actually a few of the medieval miracle narratives the counts of disabled pilgrims seeking cures at holy shrines do provide a glimpse into what was involved in caring for some pilgrims before they were healed but these narratives of course were written to promote belief in divine healing not to document how people lived with disability nor the nature of their care although texts on the practice of caregiving are lacking as in the anna pointed out there's a wealth of medieval documents on the philosophy and teaching of medicine on symptoms etiologies diagnosis prognosis of a vast range of pathologies and the recommended treatments for these which span prayer medicine surgery all the way to medical to magical incantations healthcare practitioners are described so we have physicians leeches midwives barbers astrologers wise women members of religious orders course was central entrusted with the health of body and soul which were understood as inseparable and texts reveal the presence of diseases largely invisible to archaeology for example mental illness which is a huge issue today also major concern in medieval times even though it was differently conceptualized texts can also shed light on how people with disabilities were perceived while there may have been no specific category of the disabled in medieval times disabilities existed and there was sometimes stigmatized so in some periods people with leprosy were unclean those born with deformities with a product of unnatural sexual practice such conception and those crippled or blinded in later life displayed punishment for sins against God until quite recently it was believed that where disability was considered the fault somehow of the sufferer they received little sympathy although most historians now believe that even when notions of fault pertained those in need did receive care back to the Nazca boy what could text add to his case study as things now stand we'll never know how the Nazca boys community understood what was happening to him did they recognize tv as one disease with a range of symptoms or did they explain his condition as a selection collection of unrelated pathologies was it a disease at all in the sense of an unnatural state to be reversed was it the result of rational forces or bad magic with the will of the gods was k contingent on the cause of illness or was k given regardless of course what medical interventions what healers would have been available for a peasant child as a child would he have been treated differently to an adult as a boy differently to a girl without direct evidence we never know what exact treatment was given to somebody like the Nazca boy but where contemporary documents exist we can build a more complete picture of the environment in which his disability and care were experienced so our analysis will be richer for this and what we draw from a bio archaeological analysis in context such as these in relation to the lived experience of disability and care in turn enriches the historical record so in looking at these sorts of questions bio archaeology of care can make a significant contribution to medieval social history so in reading this presentation my general lack of ignorance so it was very eclectic choice I was struck by the general lack of cross fertilization between the work of bio archaeologists and the work of historians and I think this results in a diminished capacity for us to understand the past for bio archaeology of care case studies situated in historic times there's huge potential for embracing both the contents of primary sources and contributions of historians skilled in interpreting these and interestingly the past decades have seen some historians adopting what's called a material turn focusing on objects made or modified by humans and recasting text as material culture and analyzing it as such on the other hand the bio archaeology of care takes human remains modified by the actions of caregiving approaching these in part as material culture and then tries to read these remains as if they were text telling the story of an individual and their community so for bio archaeology of care at least close collaboration between bio archaeologists and historians could be a marriage of minds and it could produce amazing results thank you