So up next we have Isha, Isha is currently working as a technical specialist at Google Singapore. So in the former life, she was a developer and angel consultant and she was also a trainer, a business analyst and an all-around multitasker and today she's going to be talking to you about effective guide to effective feedback. So yeah. Okay, classic, classic online problems. I was on mute. But now I'm like, everyone can see me, everyone can hear me, everyone can see my presentation. Yes, yes, feedback people. That's what we're talking about. Cool. So, um, yeah, like Isha said, I now work as a technical specialist at Google. I used to be a developer and an angel consultant and did a whole bunch of different stuff while I was at my previous jobs. I'm going to be talking about a topic that's very close to my heart. I love talking about feedback. I love giving feedback. I love getting feedback. So, yeah, today we will talk about effective feedback specifically. And I will go back to my slides like that. So we'll talk about what effective feedback is, what are some of the characteristics of effective feedback, how do you give effective feedback, how do you receive effective feedback. But before I tell you what it is, I want you, someone, all of you to just unmute yourselves and tell me what you think effective feedback means or type it in the chat and I will see it. If I can. There are no, no wrong answers. So just feel free to share whatever you know about what feedback is and how you think it can. Actionable. Actionable. Absolutely. Yes. Thank you. Um, Ron here. Um, I think feedback also needs like a good mindset to accept feedback. Sometimes I'm not at the right mind to like accept feedback, just listen and let it pass. Absolutely. Yes. That is very accurate. Um, and I will cover that in my presentation here. So what else anything else anyone else wants to share. Also at any point, feel free to stop me if you have a question you want to share your war stories. Stuff about feedback that has or hasn't gone well, please feel free. So all right. Um, what you show and Ron said very valid points. So effective feedback at a broad level comprises of three major components. The first one being a goal, both the giver and the receiver of the feedback need to have a goal in mind. It doesn't necessarily have to be the same goal they start with, but there has to be a goal in each of their minds. The next thing is information, the giver shares information about the goal with the receiver and based on that information, the receiver takes some action. And with that, the whole cycle of feedback starts again. Now, the reason we say that an effective feedback comprises all of these things is because feedback is isn't just something you tell someone based on whatever you thought at the time, right? There has to be something that the receiver can take away from it. Which is why when we talk about effective feedback, it has to be specific. It has to relate to a specific incidents, a specific interaction, something in particular. And at the same time, it has to be objective. It has to be based on facts. It cannot be based on presumptions, preconceived devices, assumptions, hypotheses. It has to be based in fact. It has to be given in a timely manner. And I'll talk a little bit more about that in just a second. And as you should very rightly point it out, it has to be actionable. And which is why when we talked about the overall skeleton of feedback, it comprises action as one of its elements. Let's move on and talk about how do you give effective feedback? Because this is a two-way street, there's a giver, there's a receiver and both of these require effort on what the party is involved. So, giving effective feedback is based on two major things, an observation and an impact. Something as a giver that I have observed, that I have encountered, that I have been a part of and how it affected me as a person particularly. Now this one here is a little bit of a tricky situation in a way. Because I'm saying it has to impact you in a certain way, but it doesn't necessarily mean it has to be said or done directly to you. It also doesn't mean that you can get, for lack of a better term, I'm going to say offended on behalf of someone else. And something else that I'd like to address over here, people often say, oh, offence is taken, not given. But when we talk about feedback, then that actually does not hold true. As a giver of feedback, I don't get to decide what the receiver meant when they did something. And the same thing applies to the receiver, that they don't get to dictate how their interaction or their actions made me feel as the second party involved. So these are the two things when we talk about objectivity and specificity of feedback. It has to be based on an actual incident that occurred and how it impacted you as a person, by you I mean the giver. Now the question is, we talked about it being timely, right? When should you give feedback?  That incident occurs, or something similar happens again, and then it happens again, and then it happens again. Let's say this entire thing is spread over, I don't know, 6 to 12 months. If at that point I give feedback, after the fourth time that the same thing has happened, it's already too late. The person who is the doer in this case, or would be the receiver of the feedback, they're already in their head, they don't think twice about behaving the way they did. On the contrary, if I were to give feedback earlier, then they would know that, okay, this is a kind of behavior that they need to watch out for in the future, and hopefully it won't happen again. So let me give you an example from my own experience, right? I was working on a team, we had a tech lead who was very new to the company and wasn't really familiar with how we run projects in that specific company, whereas I had been in the company for a few years at the time, even though I had less experience than him, but I had more experience how teams were run within that company. So I was put on the team and my instructions, so to say, were very clear that, look, we want you on this team so that you can help guide this person on how teams within this company run. It's like, sure, sounds great, absolutely. Now we're in some team meetings and I suggest something and this person completely disregards what I said. It's like, okay, doesn't matter, let it pass. And then those things keep happening over and over again. Now by the time I've given him feedback, it's already too late because one, there is no mutual trust. Two, we're already in a position where he doesn't respect me enough to hear what I'm trying to say. And three, I have a resentment that has been built in and that creeps into my feedback and I'll talk a little bit more about that as well in some time. So I'm not saying here that you give feedback the first time something occurs, right? Wait for it to see if it happens again and then give feedback so that the behavior doesn't repeat again. Because if you do it the very first time, there could be a whole bunch of reasons involved over there. The thing to ask yourself, and this touches upon what Ron said earlier, that you have to ask the receiver if it's the right time to give feedback. Sometimes the receiver just might not be in the right state of mind. They may be dealing with something, they might be unwell, they might be just caught up with a lot of other things at the time. So ask if it's a good time to give feedback, but also ask if you're the right person to be giving that feedback. So for example, when I was working with a software consultancy, we often worked with teams where we also had client developers. Now, the client's company and our company didn't necessarily have the same feedback culture. So while I could walk up to any of my colleagues and say, hey, can I give you some feedback and know that that interaction would go well, I wouldn't necessarily be able to have the same conversation with the client developers for whatever reason, right? Their line of reporting could be different. The culture is different. The agreement within the teams is different. There could be a whole bunch of reasons. So always ask if you're the right person to be giving feedback. This also goes back to what I said earlier about being offended on someone else's behalf. If let's say you witnessed an interaction between two people where you think that the other person should have actually called it out or been offended by it, that's fine. Go and talk to that person. Ask how that made them feel. Help them be able to give feedback. But that doesn't mean that you as the third party should be stepping in and giving feedback on their behalf. Some other tips, which sort of I touched on before, but just to put it all together, make it a conversation. Don't, if possible, do it in a more informal setting. For coffee, take a walk, just make it a more informal thing, rather than a formal setting down in a meeting room sort of a situation. Create an environment of trust. Now, this is something that doesn't happen at the time of, you can't walk into a conversation with someone and say, hey, you have to trust me. I'm creating trust with you. That's not how it works. What it means is that you have to build an environment where people trust that you have their best interest at heart. That what you're trying to do is creating a stake in helping them be better. And that can't happen out of the blue. It's an ongoing process. If there is no trust, then it doesn't matter how much feedback you give the other person will not take you seriously at all. As demonstrated in my previous example, right. Make sure to keep it private. Feedback again is a very private thing. It's between the giver and the receiver. The receiver can choose to share with whoever and how many other people they want. But at the end of the day, it's theirs to share because it's something that is very personal to them. So make sure you don't decide to give feedback to someone in the middle of the team. They're saying, hey, I got feedback for you and just like completely ruined the whole trust factor there. Also don't be aggressive when giving feedback. And this is again, this goes back to trying to be objective. If you're emotional, if you're upset, if you're angry, it's not the best time to give feedback. Take a minute, sleep on it. If you have someone you trust, share it with them. Say, hey, this happened. I want to give feedback. How do you think I should go about it? Get get feedback on giving feedback. So it's very important to not be aggressive when giving feedback because then it overpowers the conversation you're trying to have. And it's hard to stay objective. Keep it focused and small. Don't wait a year before you decide to give someone feedback because then it's too much for them. They don't know where to start. I have an example for that as well. So when I first joined my first job, we were part of a training program which was about six weeks long. Each person was assigned a trainer or a mentor that was their coach. And the job of the coach was to help each trainee get the best out of the program. My coach for whatever reason wasn't a very forthcoming person with their feedback. Even though I went to them sometime in week two or three and said, hey, can you give me some feedback? Why am I doing what's happening? That conversation went nowhere.   Now at that point, I've had six weeks of stuff that has piled on. I don't know where to start to not get fired. And this person wasn't very helpful despite the fact that I've asked for feedback before. If he had given me feedback week on week, then maybe we wouldn't be in a position where I was risking getting fired. Obviously I didn't get fired. Things worked out okay in the end. But that is an example of especially if you're someone who's in a position of authority like a manager or a team lead, make sure to give feedback frequently and in smaller doses so that people have something to work on and to also show you that they have been working on the feedback that you've given them. And that's what brings me to the next point, which is to reinforce the feedback that you've given. It doesn't stop at just giving feedback. That's not where the work stops. If you've given someone feedback and you notice that they've actually made changes based on their feedback, make sure to call it out. Make sure to reinforce it saying, hey, I saw that you worked on the feedback I gave you and this is the change I'm noticing. Well done. That one, re-itrates the trust you created. It makes the person trust that you have their best interest at heart. And it makes them more keen to come and ask you for feedback in the future. And it encourages them to keep working on the feedback that you've given them. So those were things about giving feedback. Before I move on, how about we chat for a bit and see if anyone has any questions or stories to share. You can put it in the chat. I just saw it gives a comment. Yes, feedback about feedback. You were in the chat, you can unmute yourself, ask any questions, share your stories. Absolutely. Yes, I'm actually going to be talking about that in a bit. So, but yes, very true game that it's good to ask people how they like to receive feedback. Some people prefer prison private door. Yes, very accurate. It's a good practice to schedule a voice meeting for a feedback. Sorry, can you elaborate on that? Actually, just honing in on the wording there a little bit, right? Actually, feedback should always, always, always, and I strongly suggest it should be given in person instead of in writing. Unless someone specifically requests feedback in writing for, let's say, a performance review or whatever. Even in that case, you're welcome to write it down, but make sure that you have a conversation with them before you put it in writing, because written communication has way too much capacity for misunderstandings and for things not going the way you expect them to. And I'll cover that a little bit more in the receiving part as well. Please, as much as possible, make sure you're having a conversation. And that's also what I meant by make it a conversation that it should be face to face. It should be in person as far as possible. Even in these days, yes, it should be over a video chat or a voice call rather than over email. So, yeah. All right, let's move on to how do you receive effective feedback? So admittedly, receiving effective feedback does not require as much thinking as giving feedback, but there's still a whole bunch of stuff that is involved to make sure you receive feedback well. First and foremost, ask for feedback.  And that's where Gabe's point comes in as well, that this is also a good opportunity for you to tell them how you want to receive feedback. So, for example, a technique that I was taught, so to say, or someone mentioned to me a while back was called the sandwich technique, which meant you start with something positive or something they've been doing well, then put in something that they would need to improve on and end with something that they've been doing well as well.  So whatever works for people, right? But as a receiver, the best way to receive feedback is to proactively ask for it. It also shows the receiver that you're actually in a position to, it also shows the giver that you're in a position to receive feedback. So they don't have to worry about that. Try not to be defensive, don't tell them what you meant, what your intentions were. Whatever they're saying is how it has impacted them. When you start being defensive while receiving feedback, what you're doing is invalidating the giver's experience. And that's unfair. And again, going back to offenses taken not given, that's not true. Even if I wasn't trying to offend somebody, there's a possibility that I did. And if I got feedback on it, I'll be more careful about how I work things. Not being defensive doesn't mean that you should just accept whatever they say. It is still important to ask for clarifications because at the end of the day, you are looking for something to improve on, or something that you want to continue doing that you're already doing well. And it's important to have full information to be able to act on that feedback. This one I cannot emphasize enough and that's why it's the only one in bold. Say thank you to the person giving you feedback. Even if you don't agree with it, even if you have no intentions of working on that feedback, it's important to acknowledge that someone has taken the time and effort to tell you things that they think you can improve on or that you should continue doing. They have taken the time and effort to show you that they have a stake in you improving your work. I'm talking from a work context here primarily. And that they have a stake in you doing well and that you trust them enough to be able to acknowledge that feedback. And finally, take action on the feedback they've given you. Getting feedback is great. Giving feedback is great. But it's completely pointless if no actions are taken to actually act on that feedback. With that, I've talked about giving and receiving feedback. I want to introduce you to something called the givers and receivers fantasy. The givers fantasy is that the receiver will act on all the feedback and everything's going to be just great. The receivers fantasy is that, oh, I have to follow all the feedback that I've been given whether I like it or not. And if I do that, then everything will work out fine. But the reality is that the receiver is not compelled to act on the givers feedback in any way or shape or form, especially if it's not relevant or doable. Like if I were to tell you, you have to learn an entirely new programming language within the coming week, then that's not doable. But if the feedback is something that you can act on, then it's completely necessary and important that you take some actions to act on that because of everything that we've talked about. Now here, I also want to cover a few other things where this whole giver and receiver dynamic doesn't quite work. For example, performance related conversations with your team lead or manager. In that case, it's not feedback. You're going to be like, no, don't agree with it, not going to accept it. In that case, this is something that is necessary for you to do your job well, to form your job well. And in that case, you don't necessarily have the luxury of just pretending that it doesn't really matter. Another example of when feedback is not relevant is where you have a group of people or your team and you get opposing views on the feedback from people. In this case, you have to pick and choose what is the one that you want to work on. Again, there's a lot of context in world. Sometimes people see things differently. If let's say in my past experience when I've been the only female developer on the team, my experience will be different from the other developers on the team and I may see things differently. But in that case, if I were to give someone feedback, I don't know if they'll think of it as relevant and that's fine. They are not compelled to act on it. So in closing, there are tips and tricks to giving feedback. There are tips and tricks to receiving feedback. At the end of the day, things that matter is trust and believe that people have your best interests at heart. And take what you will take everything with a drain of salt, act on things that you think are relevant. That will help you do your job better. That will help you be a better person. That will help you work well with others on your team. And if that doesn't apply, then you don't have to do it. With that, thank you very much. If you have any questions or any feedback, then you can either write to me or you have my Twitter there. Please feel free to reach out. Thank you. And with that, you can unmute and talk to me if you have questions. All right, I see a few questions here. So how best to ask for feedback, especially when working remotely? Exactly the way you would do in person. Write to them and say, hey, can I set up some time with you? Maybe whenever it works for you, I'd like you to give me some feedback and make sure it's a video or voice call and don't do it and write in. It's exactly the same thing. Yes, there are some boundaries, which is why I'm suggesting a video call because when you talk about conversations, a lot of it is also non-verbal as much as it is verbal. Comment on the best ways to give feedback in the three circumstances of differing powers of hierarchy upwards, downwards and to peers, especially to peers or across organization functions. So I think when it comes to giving feedback, it also depends on what the culture of feedback within your company is. Not every company is okay with giving feedback to someone who's higher up than you. With peers, all of this applies. Everything that I've said about giving and receiving feedback. When it comes to giving feedback to someone who's lower in the hierarchy than you, I still think all of this applies. You still have to be respectful. You still have to be objective. You still have to be specific. But there you get to pick and choose what, which parts of your feedback are negotiable and which are not. So as a leader, as manager, team lead, whatever, you have to decide which of this is feedback which you think will make someone more effective at their job versus something that they need to do to do their job well. Does that answer the question? And I think the same applies to across functions. As long as you've had an interaction with the person and you have something that you think they can benefit from having a conversation about, feel free to give feedback. But again, depends on what kind of culture you have. All right. From Gabe, one of the great tip I heard once, even when you ask many people often reluctant to share criticism with you, very true. Just on that, there's criticism and negative feedback are terms I personally don't like using. There is no such thing as negative feedback. You have either things you're doing well or things you need to improve on. So the whole negative connotation actually puts a bit of a dent on the trust factor. So instead, if you frame it as this thing I just did, if you were to rate it one to five and you didn't think it was absolutely perfect five, no room for improvement, I don't even need you to tell me what you rated, but please tell me one specific suggestion on how I could raise it from a one to a two or a two to a three, et cetera. I find that this helps people feel more comfortable sharing also because they don't feel like they need to give you feedback to fix everything about whatever you're talking about. Absolutely. Yeah. I think this is why I focused quite, I won't say quite a bit, but I mentioned that it's always better to ask for feedback than to have someone give you feedback because then you're in control of what you want from them, what you're expecting, how you would expect them to give them that information. Yeah, I get it. I think I just wanted to like sort of nitpick a little bit on the criticism and negative feedback aspect. I know you didn't say negative feedback. If you've given feedback multiple times on the same issue and it continues to occur, what's the next course of action? In that case, you have no option really, but to decide how critical it is that you want to take it further up the ladder.  At that point, it's no longer a question of feedback. It's a question of creating a healthy work environment. And then it has to be taken up the ladder. It has to be raised with the right people who can then address it. But in my experience, more often than not, most people are reasonable, rational people who, when you tell them that, hey, this thing you did, it's not okay, it's offensive in X, Y or Z way, then they will make an effort. If by any chance you've been on the receiving end of something like that, then you can always say, okay, can you suggest what I can do to improve it? So to give you an example, I was given feedback saying that when I really got into an argument and I thought that people weren't really listening or weren't understanding my point of view, I had a tendency to get rude. And I had never realized that on my own, but given that feedback, I told the person giving me that feedback, okay, I didn't realize it. Can you please point it out to me the next time it happens? So I'm accepting the responsibility of my actions, but I'm also asking for help on how to go ahead and improve it. Does that answer your question, CK, on what's the next course of action? Okay, perfect. Did I miss anything? Give all of this is great advice for relationships too? Yeah. But I don't know if I want to go to my partner and be like, hey, can you give me some feedback? All right. If there are any other questions, please, please feel free to write me at any point in time. And with that, I'm done. Thank you. Thank you so much, Isha. Okay, so one more screen for today. Please go down to the URL here to leave feedback about what you feel about today's session. And yeah, I think we are at the part where you can get to network with each other. I'm not sure how this is going to happen. Might go.


Cooper Cup just signed the largest guaranteed contract in the history of wide receivers in the NFL. Three years, 75 million guaranteed. Three years, $80 million in total. It's an extension. There's five years on that. I assume they're playing a little salary cap gymnastic with cash over cap situation. Last year, obviously, he led the NFL in receptions with 178, receiving yards, 2,425. Yards after catch, which doesn't get talked about. Everybody talks about the triple crown of receptions, receiving yards and touchdowns, which he did lead as well at 22. Yards after catch, 846. Led the NFL in all four of those stats last season, became the Super Bowl MVP. He is an absolute dog. I love it. This is great news for the Rams. And it continues to prove our point that the salary cap is a food gaze. The salary cap might be real to the broke owners. Okay?  Okay, you can't do anything, but to the wealthy owners, those who have cash on hand, they will continue to profit and benefit from this, just like Kronke has with the Rams.


The paper analyzes the effect of urban heat island on Hong Kong using Landsat TM and Astrodata in 2005, applying two algorithms to retrieve land surface temperature, LST, distribution and exploring the impacts of green and built-up lands on urban heat island by calculating ecological evaluation index. The results indicate that three suburban areas are mainly affected by urban heat island, with negative correlation between LST and NDVI suggesting that green land can weaken the effect, while positive correlation between LST and NDVI means built-up land can strengthen it. However, in-situ measurements of LST are needed to refine the method in future studies. This article was authored by Lin Liu and Yuan Zhizhong.


Okay, tomorrow I would beg people to go out and vote no tomorrow. This money they say we can revenue from this is the taxes and the business life. Because the business life is like $125. When it, if the Elkhorn City go wet, we would have to have a new police car, two new officers, and who's going to pay for it? You cannot use this money for officers. You can't use it for police vehicles. So who would have to pay the taxpayers? And it's not right for the taxpayer of Elkhorn City to pay this. And there's no money to be made in it here, definitely. And I'm just against it 100% for all the citizens in Elkhorn City. And I just, alcohol has destroyed so many families. It has destroyed them. I mean, their, their divorces and between everything, alcohol. People killed.  And that's another thing I'm against it. So why should we bring something into their town to come here into our town that something ain't even going to make any money for our town and destroy it? And I am against it. And I beg people tomorrow to vote no. And come to our streets and look at the kids riding golf carts, riding bicycles now, having the best time ever, love seeing kids out. Just talk to our parent just now. And that's what we were talking about was their kids, they go up down the street and you can go down to Elkhorn to make the kids who are on bicycles riding. That won't be safe anymore. And they can say whatever it is, they're going somewhere else to get it. That's fine. There's no benefit for this town for that in no way. I just urge people to vote no. Well, I'm going to vote yes. And I know it's going to make a lot of people angry. But that's my personal opinion. And it is a free country and I'm allowed to vote the way I want to. I currently think that if we don't vote yes, this city is going to die. I know this is just a small, tiny step towards the future. But we definitely need to do something. Currently, once the road comes in, there's going to be a ghost town. So we got to do something. And I know there's a lot of negativity about this and that and this and that, but that doesn't really matter. I know they're saying that alcohol would hurt Elkhorn. Alcohol is already in Elkhorn. Common sense would tell you that. It would stop a lot of drivers coming through Elkhorn because they're not going to come inside drunk to buy alcohol. They're going to be sober. They're going to leave here, then they're going to get drunk, or they're going to go home and drink their alcohol or whatever. Now there's some people like me, buy alcohol for cooking. It was going to make it a whole lot easier for me to do my wine dishes by having it currently. Also it's going to bring the taxes in, the economy in. It's going to make everything improve, plus it's going to give jobs. People don't realize that. They just see the negative where I see the positive. The best thing for Elkhorn is to vote wet. That's what I'm asking everybody to do, whether they do it or not. I still want everyone out there to vote. I would love to see and grow with some people coming out and voting. Voting there and do your opinion. Vote now if you want to. It don't matter, but get out and vote because we need to do something.


What's up guys and welcome back to the Johnny Q channel. Thanks so much for watching. I'm pumped about today's video. Today's video is about getting creative in quarantine. Hold up, it's getting a little dark. Lately in quarantine I've been doing this on the side and I've been showcasing it on TikTok. This is what I've been doing. Pretty much it's been going well on TikTok. People have liked what I'm doing so I'm just continuing doing more. Not because it's for them but for me because I love being creative and painting and doing this art allows me to be more creative in a different sense, in a different way and this video is no different because I'm doing, I'm doing this. Same concept, right? But I've got one panel, two panel and three panel. Basically what I'm doing is I'm doing a three part painting. It's gonna be like this. A three part painting. The idea is to use this paint that I've duct taped together. Got eight total but four, you know, in a group. And I'm just gonna splash it on the paint. And so it's a different form of what I've been doing. Usually I just put it on a drill and spin. Essentially that's what we're doing and it's gonna be fun. And we're gonna put it on TikTok. So it's gonna be fun. It's gonna be good, right? It's gonna be good. I think it's gonna be good. So what I'm gonna do next is duct tape. The canvas is onto the cardboard. So you can see I've got my canvases up here. Now all I have to do is paint. So now commencing some epic B to the roll. Let's go. Let's keep on creating. It's not do stuff and make stuff to be known to be famous. It's for you, it's for me.  And today it was that piece of art for me. And it's just how I'm releasing in this time of quarantine, this time of pandemic. Time of pandemic? It's not to panic, it's to proceed and to progress. That's really what the mindset of keep on creating is to me.  So I'm pumped about it, I'm happy, I like it. For me, it's not about the destination, it's about the journey. And this is my journey right here. I've stuff I wanna accomplish, I have things, I have goals, I have a vision for my life and what I want it to look like. And that's a part of it, it's gonna get messy. It's not perfect, but it's the journey. Thanks so much for watching and I'll catch you next time on the John Q channel.


Well, good evening. It's a pleasure to be here the day after the elections. One thing during the elections was, of course, that it was about generations, right? There is a conflict between generations, between old and younger, in terms of the pension system. And I see here generations of different generations, all alumni of Tillich University, is there who graduated? Who was studying any of you studying in the 1960s here? 1960s? So you were involved in the Karl Marx University? Yes? That was my first year. That was your first year? And not your last year, right? And you know Jacques Seiber and the gang? Yeah, OK, what's your name? Oh, OK, sure. And of course, Piet Verheijer, former president of Tillich University in the Netherlands, right? You studied in the 1960s here? 1950s even. Anybody else from the 50s, 60s? 70s? Yeah, more. Lex, dean of the School of Economics and Management. And in the 1980s, when I was studying here? Yeah? When did you graduate? 87. 87, wow, it was 88. You see, Marcel, you are not, are you alumni? So, 90s even. So young. So young. I suppose that all of you have been awake last night until 2 o'clock following the elections. Yeah, you have to, you have been, yeah? No, what time did you go to bed? Oh, OK, but then the results were already known, right? So it was, of course, there was a shock, 9 o'clock last night, so when we had the exit polls, it was extremely precise. That was interesting, by the way. They got it right, more or less. Only the VVD got, I think, two seats more, right? 33 instead of 31. Sorry? Which one? Oh, yeah, they had, yeah, right. Is that your party, the Christianity? Since you know so well that, oh, you just listened to the radio, OK, I think. And of course, they got us right, I think, with the Labour Party, the Partij van Aarbeid, with the loss of, the spectacular loss of, what is it, 29 seats. It's amazing. So we are living in historical times, and the interesting thing is that this is not an election only about the Netherlands. So this is very important. We have all seen the television images that the whole world is watching us. This is, of course, also about the rise of populism, right-wing populism, after Trump and Brexit. What is very interesting is, for instance, the Financial Times, is one of the leading newspapers who have been following closely. And last Friday, in the evening, they sent out an email to the worldwide audience, and it said, all eyes are on the Netherlands. Because the idea was, of course, that if this type of populist storm would go ahead, and for instance, the Freedom Party of Wilders would become the largest party in the Netherlands. Then, of course, that may not be such a problem for the Netherlands, because almost all parties have said they don't want to form a government with Gerd Wilders, even Mark Rutte. But the problem is, of course, that this could be interpreted by populists in other European countries, notably in France and Italy, as a way of, you see, things are going well, we are moving into, the Netherlands is following, so it could be used and abused by leading politicians all over Europe. And the point is, why is this so important, because perhaps now we think, now everyone is relieved, Wilders will not be part of the Dutch government, Wilders is not the largest party, so Rutte did it quite well in terms of campaigning and becoming the largest, with the large majority becoming the largest party in the Netherlands again. And now there may be a sense of complacency that we think, now the Netherlands has stopped the populist tide, right? And it's very interesting that I was just checking on my iPhone that the Flansial Times this evening has an article, an opinion article, about the Netherlands, about the Dutch elections and published one hour ago and saying, well, it's a good signal that the Netherlands at least stopped for the moment, the populist tide, that there's no reason for complacency. But because what has been very interesting in this campaign, this election campaign, is that we've been talking about many things, right? About immigration, integration, pensions, labor market, taxes, health care, elderly care. But there's one topic we have not been discussing, the elephant in the room. And what has been the elephant in the room? Sorry? Well, climate, well, some parties have been discussing it, right, Groen-Links and some other parties. But there's, sorry? Is that right? Well, some parties perhaps further reduction of the interest rate deductibility, of the mortgage payments, the loan-to-value ratio. But there's one elephant and everyone in The Hague knows it and has decided not to talk about it, the European Union, Europe. Everyone in The Hague, and I know some people from some journalists, some leading figures you see on television, they are scared to death what's going to happen with Europe, say France, for instance, notably, that they have decided not to talk about it. Sorry? I said we should leave. We should leave. It's a mess in Brussels. You're graduated until the university? Yeah. But what school was this? Are you an economist or a law person? Sorry? Are you an economist or a law? Okay, very good. But the point is, everyone knows about it and nobody is actually willing to discuss it. Of course, there's been talk about Europe. Talk about Europe in the sense of we need to cooperate more in terms of energy, for instance, defense, et cetera. So that has been part of the campaign. But the point is that we are at historical crossroads. The situation in France is very explosive. We think we have our problems in the Netherlands and of course the Netherlands has its own challenges but when you compare the situation in the Netherlands, for instance, with France or perhaps even in the United Kingdom in terms of low income families, then it's a huge, huge world of difference. So the Financial Times had learned about that the poorest city in the Netherlands or the poorest village is Oudepekela in Groningen. So they sent one of their Dutch speaking Simon Cooper who's married to a Dutch lady to Oudepekela and he wrote a beautiful piece in the Financial Times, two weeks ago, FT Weekend, three pages, talking to all the people. And one of his remarks was if this is, this is supposedly the poorest city, the village in the Netherlands. Well, if you compare this with the poorest city village in United Kingdom or France, it's a completely different world. So in terms of what we call the poorest, that this is not to say that we have to deny that we have challenges, it's some low income families. But the situation in France, if you hear about what somebody who is on our way on a state pension in France, so-called socialist country, people get something like 300, 400 euros per month. Much lower than the Netherlands. At the same time, the prices in the supermarkets are much higher in France. So what people, the purchasing power of the people is much lower. So the situation in terms of economic situation, income, but also economic growth and unemployment in France and Italy is, of course, much worse than in a country like the Netherlands. Also the economic perspectives, all types of reforms we have been implementing during the past decades in the Netherlands, France and Italy, it's very difficult. And what we see, what we are, then what you have in France, this, we are talking about immigration, we are talking about Muslim immigration, but of course they have been dealing with this since the 1960s, where you have millions of immigrants from North African countries, former colonies, living in the Balneurs in France. Then you have the terrorist attacks. So the cocktail in France is potentially very poisonous. And so everyone is very much concerned about what's going to happen in France. And if, for instance, of course we do not hope this, but if there would be one or more terrorist attacks in Paris before the elections, then the probability that Marine Le Pen becomes president of France goes to, it becomes extremely likely. And it's very worrying, because so we, in the Netherlands also, so the Dutch political class, all notably also the prime minister, Luther. I don't have anything with Europe, I don't have a vision on Europe, but also the VVD, of course, is a party of the entrepreneurs, right? And if the situation, so what we will have to be facing in France is that you will have, everyone agrees that Marine Le Pen will certainly win the first round of the presidential elections on April the 23rd. And then on May 7th we have the second round. And I have you Le Pen versus another candidate. And the idea had been that this other candidate should be somebody who's also conservative, just like Rutte can take votes from Wilders because he's also, and Buma as well, from the Christian Democrats because he's also conservative. Well, of course that was François Mignon, François Mignon, and he was supposed to be the guy with the clean hands. And his hands may be clean, but there were some problems with his wife. So he is no, and he's prosecuted, so he is not likely to become the candidate. And then we have, of course, Macron, Emmanuel Macron, the very, I think, to Dutch stand, social liberal, very powerful candidate pro-European. But the problem is, well, there are a couple of problems. He may be not conservative enough in order to chase away the votes, to chase the votes of people voting for Le Pen, but it may also be, yeah, so he may be too liberal. And the difference now with the Netherlands, what happened yesterday, the Netherlands and France, is that in our system of proportional representation, we have a different shock absorber. So you have people who are frustrated, people are frustrated for whatever reasons about immigrants, integration, low incomes, and they can go to builders, but some of them have also might be going to Buma, some of them go to Forum for Democracy, so they get spread out. So the frustration is diversified and not going to one single party. Well, in France, it will be the zero one choice. So you are frustrated, and then the question is, well, if you want to have your voice released in terms of frustration, the only voice you can make is, of course, Le Pen. Or you go to Macron, but then you may not feel so happy because you think, well, he's too liberal, he's too pro-European. So what the French of Times also is arguing, hey, there's no reason for complacency. It's a good thing that was happening in the Netherlands that Wilders didn't become the largest party, but at the same time, the situation in France is extremely complex and very worrisome. And as a financial economist, a monetary economist, you all feel if the situation would be that Le Pen would become the president of France on Sunday, May the 7th, what is going to happen on financial markets on Monday. Some people in France, you know, that she won't have, she will not have the majority in parliament. And if she wants to organize a referendum on the euro, she will have to ask parliament. But this is not how investors on financial markets are operating. If she becomes president of France, what you will see is that investors the next Monday will massively start selling off French government bonds and perhaps other investments. They are running away. And then you may get so both prices go down, interest rates go up, you get the type of situation, very similar to perhaps Spain and Italy in 2012. And then we had Mario Draghi, who spoke his magical words, whatever it takes to preserve the euro as a single currency. And that's how he rescued the euro. But there's a problem here. How can he help Marine Le Pen, who has an agenda of leaving the eurozone? So Mario Draghi can help to keep France and the euro, but Marine Le Pen, she doesn't want to stay in the euro. And then of course, there's a fundamental problem. And if the euro would fall, then of course we will be hitting, certainly in the short term, the major new financial economic crisis. Then all the programs we have been discussing, our Fakisingsprogrammas, the electoral programs, right? We spent two million here, three billion there. They all can be put aside. This is the elephant. Because what will happen if the euro falls apart? You will get the type of financial and economic and political crisis in Europe. And we will be, perhaps the Netherlands will be with Germany moving towards a new currency, a euro, a Northern European euro. But the point is, of course, that one will become extremely strong. You will have an appreciation, a revaluation, perhaps of at least 50%. By the way, it's very interesting, ladies and gentlemen. It's a very, always in the discussion, it says the eurozone is a transfer union. We are putting money to Greece, right? We have to pay for Greece. We have low interest rates. That means that on our savings, we get the low interest rates. The pension funds have a lower coverage ratio. But what is never mentioned is that there also is a big advantage. Because if we had had, if we had still had the Gilder, or in Germany, the Deutschmark since the early 2000s, then of course, due to all the problems in Southern Europe that they are usually not competitive, they would have devalued, and we would have been revaluing, perhaps for at least 50%. So the trade surplus that the Netherlands has in Germany would have been much smaller if we would still have had the Gilder as our national currency. So that's a big advantage as well. We are basically exporting against an exchange rate, which is far too weak. Nobody, also in the Dutch political system, is talking about it. Who's talking about it? Who has been mentioning this phone point? Trump. It's interesting, of course, he's not right when he says Germany is manipulating monetary policy of the European Central Bank to weaken the euro, right? Because Germany is very much against this monetary policy of the ECB. But of course, Trump has been pointing it out and he's right in that respect. So if the euro falls, we will have a new exchange rate, which will make our tomatoes and all the exports to France and Southern Europe much more expensive, so exports will go down. But you know also what is the situation when all our credit lines, our investments in Southern Europe, of course, will lose value because of the crisis in those countries, because we have these investments in the currency which is becoming weaker. So we will be facing major losses. Nobody has been talking about it in the campaign because in the Hague they said, well, we shouldn't mention this to the voter because the voter may get scared. But the problem, and my problem is of course, this is about confidence in the political system and the process. If this were to happen, of course, I don't hope that it happens, then of course, and all these, the politicians will have to say, well, the Netherlands is back in crisis and recession, et cetera. Voters will not understand it, right? Because it was not mentioned during the campaign. So hopefully what we will have, we are in a way, my point is that we have been taking irresponsible risks with the stability of the euro system. Hopefully we will go through it this year with France and Italy. But it also means that the new Dutch government will have to be much more active in investing in Europe. So we have to change the political dynamics in Europe. The problem is that with France and Italy, the two leading countries here, is not, of course, the politicians in those countries, of course they know that they have to reform the labor market. They have to change their economies to get rid of the rigidities. But they cannot convince their electorates, their people voting for them. Look at France, each time they want to change something, they're strikes. So, and the political dynamics in Europe, of course, very poor. Because the perception in France and Italy is that, in a way, that they get a dictate, that there's a type of dictatorship from Brussels, where the European Commission is located, from Frankfurt, where we have the European Central Bank, and Berlin, where the German government is located. And the feeling in those countries is, of course, that, well, there's a type of, there's some dictates, so what would they have to do is reduce the budget deficit, reduce the government debt ratio, implement economic reforms, notably of the labor market, and for the rest, keep their mouth shut. And the problem is that the politicians in those countries, who also agrees, have serious difficulty in selling this message to the politicians. Now, what needs to be changed is, already some two years ago with Wim Bohnstra, chief economist at Rabelbank, and I presented internationally a plan, that we want to link this agenda of reforms towards a new European investment agenda. And we want to change the political dynamics. So, we want to go to these countries, we want to create a new European investment fund, which will invest in infrastructure, say, bridges, roads, but also the knowledge-based economy, high-speed internet, solar energy, wind energy, for instance, in southern Spain, and that we make a type of grand deal, with that we basically say, listen, we do understand it's very difficult, that we know it's difficult for you to implement these difficult reforms on the labor market, but you have to do this because, not because Germany is telling you to do it, no, because the whole world is changing. Globalization, China, we all have to change. Even France, one-cent. But if you are, what we are going to do, we are going to link this agenda of economic reforms to an investment agenda. So, we make concrete time planning for the next five years, concrete steps of laws being passed in parliament, and each year we monitor this, and when the country is complying with this, then we release another, say, 10, 20, 30, 40 billion euros for making investments in these countries. So then the political dynamics may be changing, maybe change in the sense that the politicians can say, well, we have to take difficult measures, requested by Europe, but there's also a form of European solidarity through a European investment agenda. It may be our best chance of trying to change the political dynamics, because if we are not doing this, then the probability that the euro in one way or another will be falling apart is too large. And this is not only a discussion in, say, the academic community, but even in the euro system, the central banks, if you talk to some people at the central banks here in Europe, they also have serious doubt whether they can keep the system together, whether they can really make sure that the euro will stay. And that's a risk which is for countries like the Netherlands as a small open economy would be a big, big economic shock. Yes. Okay. Yes, but you hear what I was trying to say, at least, was I want to change the political dynamics, yeah? No, no, but so I'm starting from the point of view and I'm talking about the euro, less about the EU. I'm trying to, I'm saying the political situation, if you don't change the politics, this is not going to fly. I think in that sense we may be moving into the same direction. You have to change the political dynamics. And we are not doing this. We are just saying to countries, hey, we have certain standards, norms, you have to cut your budget deficit, you have to implement reforms on the labor market, and that is from the economic, indeed from the economic perspective, and we see that it's very difficult for those countries to implement these reforms. And then of course we say, yeah, you promised to do it, you didn't do it, so you have a loss of trust, et cetera. So I think you should start it from the politics, from the political side. Yeah, but okay, but the point is before you, because my feeling is if you can change the political dynamics also towards the national level, the level of the nation state, say France or Italy, that may be our best bet. Before we are changing the rules of the game that we can have direct elections for the European parliament, we may have to change the Lisbon Treaty, then we need to have unanimity, 27, 28 member states. Perhaps we need referenda in some countries. Before we have implemented this, it may already be too late. We deal with all the cultural differences in terms of Europe, and then there is a difference, because certainly culture is the norm in part of Europe. Yes. And historically the evaluation of currency have always been the wrong way. I believe that Europe, the rest is probably automatically. Yes, yeah. And I don't quite see how they are going to do that, but I think they really do. And that's the question we shouldn't do better than try and save in the end. Because I believe the damage will really be greater than... Yeah, that's a very good question. Of course, we have different dimension this. How the European Union started, the European Economic Community, by the way, next week on Saturday, it's exactly 60 years ago, March 25th, 1957, a treaty of Rome was signed, creating the free market, the free flow of goods, persons, services, and capital. Still very relevant, also, the freedom of work is to move in the Brexit referendum. The idea of the free market, internal market, is in a way uncontested. Of course, what has created most of the tension now is the euro, that you have a single currency where you then have, you don't have the adjustment mechanism, because the fact that we have these problems in countries like France and Italy and Spain and Greece, that prices and wages go up too much and that they lose competitiveness, and then in the past, under the European monetary system, they had devaluations, and that was a type of adjustment mechanism that you were referring to. And that's lost because within the euro, you cannot devalue against, the Greeks cannot devalue the euro against the German euro or something like that. So that's a big problem, but I would argue two things. First of all, I think that to some extent, countries like Italy and others have to change because the whole world is changing. They need to modernize. Of course, Italians or Greeks, Italians don't have to become like Germans, right? But they need to reinvent themselves, a modern version of Italians. You say, well, this has been tried so long, but what I'm suggesting, changing the political dynamics, is a different, we think this is a more balanced approach. So it's a combination of, say, positive and negative things. Now we say you must do this, you must cut your budget deficit, but they perceive it as a lack of solidarity from, say, the northern European countries. Of course, then you can say with your point, well, you know, cultural differences are too big, right? And of course, we can argue, perhaps the euro chute don't have started with the group of countries, including Italy and Greece. And of course, what we like to do, we can have, we will be talking about this for decades, that the euro chute has started too early, certainly with a group of number of countries, which were too different. It's not an optimal currency area, it's all true. But then the question to you is, what is then, if you don't believe in it, that anything can be done, then of course we can say, well, let's break it up and let's do it now. But then, certainly on a shortened basis, we'll be entering a big new crisis. And what is that going to do for political populism in countries also in southern Europe? So we can always blow it up. If you say, well, I don't want to try any, I think we think that changing political dynamics. And of course, you see that investments, talking about European investments, is becoming now an important, more important part of the discussion. But we will all say, well, let's break it up. But for me, it's still a step too quick, too fast, for breaking up to Europe at this moment. It may still happen, right? Because the problems, as you point out rightly, of course, are substantial. But I think it's too early because the damage, not only in the financial economic sense, but also in terms of the political dimension in Europe, will be severe. People like Gerd Wilders say, you know, we leave the Europe and then we still have the EU, we have the free market. We can still trade, we can still export our flowers and tomatoes to a country like Italy. But of course, that most likely is not true. What's going to happen? If, of course, we have a transfer union. Why are interest rates on Italian government debt or French government debt so low? Because there's an implicit guarantee, right? That in one way or another, the bondholders will get their money back because the European Central Bank will buy it up. But in a way, the taxpayers from the Northern European countries are providing implicit guarantees. The moment we break it up to Europe, then of course we cut through these guarantees. You get a big crisis in Southern European countries. And what will the politicians do in those countries? They will say, do you know why it's such a mess? Do you know why it's such a mess now? Why we are facing this severe crisis? It's because these guys, these politicians in Germany and Netherlands and Austria and Finland, they have been cutting the guarantees. Well, I don't think we should have any illusions that our trucks with tomatoes and flowers and other goods will reach Italy because they won't be allowed anymore. And otherwise, they, people, yeah. Maybe it is. Yeah. Well, I'm trying to, no, I'm just saying, I'm not, I think, I'm not there yet. That's what I'm saying, because I'm just trying to point out this is from a financial economic point of view, but from a political point of view, also for the European project, which has been built after Second World War, is such a huge blow that the question is whether we should be willing to take this risk. And in any case, it will mean that all the, the optimistic scenarios on which the electoral programs in the Netherlands have been based, well, they are becoming of very little value. Yeah. Yeah. I don't think it could go better on it. Yeah, yeah. But if you accept it, it's not about economics. But I think, yeah. It's not about economics. Yeah, no, but, yeah, but, yeah. No, but I'm talking about political dynamics, right? In my proposal of, yeah, changing that. Of course, you can go to federalism, but that it may be also a step too difficult. Each time people like Giegel Hofstadt are mentioning this, I think they are not doing a type of positive job because then people say, you know, look at it. That's the only thing they want in Brussels to, to go to create a federal state. But it's true in the United States. Why is it working? It's because there you have, of course, Washington D.C., which is leveraging federal income taxes, right? And if there is a crisis in California, then people are losing their jobs. Unemployment benefits, transfers, are moving transfer payments from Washington D.C. to the state of California. So they have something of a, of course, why is it possible to do it in the United States? Because it's one single country. Well, the Eurozone, we have 19 national currencies. Now, we have one single currency, but we have 19 independent countries. And each time when there's a problem, say, in Greece, and Greece is needing money, needing a rescue package, then we, of course, then we start quarreling. We say, yeah, who's going to pay for it? And how much is it? In the U.S., it's more, because of the federal state, it's an automatic transfer mechanism. But I think, are you now, politically speaking, for this federalist model, is also making life extremely difficult in the current political landscape in many European countries? Yeah? Yes? It's really complicated, it's too much. And then, later, right-handedly, it's hard to understand. No, but it's a different adjustment mechanism. So in those days of the European Monetary System, when wage and prices went up too much, then you got to a devaluation. And in that sense, the real value of the wage is everything, products become cheaper, and real wages are going down. Now that's not possible anymore, because you have, you cannot devalue. Now you have to do it through the internal devaluation, which is, socially speaking, a different adjustment mechanism, because you really have to cut wages. Somebody earning 2,000 euros per month suddenly gets 1,400 euros per month. And that is what's happening now in Greece, right? And that's a painful process. So the currency changes the possible adjustment mechanisms and is limiting them.  It's a type of mentality, which is perhaps a bit difficult, or very strange to countries like Italy, or France, or Spain, or Greece. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Nope. But you know, interesting, because we were talking about, you say, well, talking about economics, you should talk about politics. But the whole, the euro, the single currency, started, of course, as a political project. So it started in politics, because it was about Germany reunification, and then France said, well, we don't want to have a powerful, re-emerging Germany. So what is the way to achieve this is by asking Germany to sacrifice its own currency, the Deutsche Mark, because then you become interdependent. So the euro was created from François Mitterrand and Helmut Kohl as a political, say, as a political thing. And then you can say, ask, well, you need some coordination of economic policies. And then, of course, we can ask the question, the politicians in those days of the Maastricht Treaty at the summit, December 91, were they so stupid that they hadn't thought about it? That you need, if you have a single currency, that you need a type of economic coordination and certain instruments? Yes, they have thought about it. And the Netherlands, having the rotating presidency of the European Union at that moment, Lubbers, was an Hans van der Broekers minister of foreign affairs, they were working together with the European Commission, chaired by Jacques Delors. And what happened in September 91, three days, three months before the Maastricht Summit, on a Monday night, they had a plan on table, which was exactly discussing some of these issues that we are discussing now. But what happened was that the whole plan was basically put away from the table. There were a couple of countries which didn't like it, notably France, because it meant that in terms of economic policymaking, France would also have to sacrifice some national sovereignty. And of course, yeah, if you have a single currency, you have to sacrifice national currency, sovereignty, but the French didn't want that. So it was, the whole plan was killed. And this evening, you can look it up afterwards, this Monday evening, that the whole plan was killed, was Black Monday, Zwartemalbach. If you Google it, you will see the text and the pictures. So there was this plan on the table, but then it was killed. And then the fundamental question was at that moment, can we still proceed with a single currency, a euro, without the appropriate structure like we have in the United States? Or should we stop it? But Helmut Kohl said basically, yeah, yeah, the French want this because, and we want our German reunification with Eastern Germany, so the euro must proceed. So Lubbers asked to Kohl, should we still go ahead? And basically, Kohl said, yeah, it may not be united, the structure may not be well ordered and structured, but still we have to go ahead. But the optimism of Helmut Kohl was that he would, that endured in say the decade after Maastricht, that he would be able to reach an understanding, the deal also on more the political integration, a type of federal model. He was optimistic that he could manage it. And the interesting story here is that at that moment, there was a differential times, I had a journalist, David Marsh, who was the Europe editor of the Financial Times. He was in Maastricht. And he's now running a forum, OMFIV, a forum for monetary and financial institutions in London. And he once mentioned, David Marsh, that he talked to Kohl about it. And they had to bet. Kohl said, I will be able to arrange this during the next political integration, political deal during the next six, seven years. And the journalist from the Financial Times, he said, this is impossible. You will not be able to do it. And they made the bet on a serious nice bottle of red wine. And guess what happened? Kohl has a good memory. So six, seven years, of course it hadn't happened because at least the French don't want to have it, right? Getting rid of national sovereignty. And then Kohl came to David Marsh with a bottle of red wine. I'm not sure French, but I will double check, I will double check on that. And that, of course, is a story. So we are talking about economics and politics, but it started as a political process. And then, and why, of course, of course, France had to be part of it. But French, France knew very well, Fonsa Mitterrand knew very well that he was the type of one of the weakest members in the single currency. So if you are the weakest country in a single currency, that's not a very nice position. So what do you do? Then you make sure that another country, which is weaker than yourself, becomes part of the currency of the euro because then you are in the middle. Well, what was this country which became member of the euro based on that? Italy. Then Italy had a problem because Italy said, well, I don't want to be the weakest member in the single currency. So who can we put next? And that became Greece. And Greece is, of course, the founder of democracy in Europe. So Greece was picking up the pieces for Italy and Italy was picking up the pieces for France. And that's how the selection of euros on countries. It's all politics. It has nothing to do with economics in that sense. And now, of course, in order to get it right, we are having highlighted, we have been emphasizing economic things like cutting the budget deficit, reforms of the labor market. But I want to bring it back to some extent to the political dynamics. So, sorry, the French one or it was all politics. You were at the Ministry of Finance at that moment, right? You're in the Netherlands, right? Yeah, yeah. So it was, the politics was overwhelming that we in the academic field, in the international field, people like Barry Eigengreen from UC Berkeley who's still active, warning against it. But even our country, people like Ayo Klamach, who had this group of academics arguing, I think, economic grounds, but he had an impossible position. And a couple of years ago, the Trust Television Programme Radar had a reconstruction about a euro. And they were able to find an interview in Buitenhof with the very young Minister of Finance, Gerrit Zalm. Really looking very young, very young. And then they ask him, what do you think about this leaflet, this booklet, that these academics like Ayo Klamach have been producing, warning against a single currency on economic grounds? And Gerrit Zalm, do you know what he said? It's worthwhile looking it back. He said, you know, you know these academics, these economics professors, where I prefer to listen to the real people, to it's folic, right? Gerrit Zalm. So indeed, you're right, but it was also killed by the politicians. So, and Ayo Klamach happened to know well here in the Netherlands, even though he said also in public that later on his career, his career was affected negatively because he had been put aside by people like, by Gerrit Zalm. So it was a very difficult situation. Politics was dominating. No one was listening. Nobody was listening to the economics profession and we all know it's very important to listen to the economics profession, right? So that, so I think that may conclude our session. Thank you very much for your attention.


Black Marvy about to be back open. See, that's what I'm talking about. The luxury picnic. I'm telling you, man, it is laid out, beautiful. When I say picnic, how many people you thinking? No, no, no, that's selfish, selfish. That's a date, ain't it? That's a little date-nick, that ain't a picnic. Well, look here, man, it don't even matter what you think you know. Because I got an expert in here with us today. All the way from St. Louis. Yeah. Been in Atlanta, though. Been in Atlanta for a little minute. Forever. So it's kind of like half and half. Ain't your name Nellie? Yeah, well, my first name is Vanell. My family calls me Nellie. See? So yeah. Well, welcome to the black market. We're gonna give y'all right in to it. Look right into the camera and introduce yourself and tell them, I ain't want to spoil the surprise. I got all the info. Yeah, okay, so my name's Vanell and I'm the owner of the Garden Party of Atlanta. And we do luxury picnics, small events, and chicoterie boards. Come on. And so for those who don't know what a luxury picnic is, it's a laid-out picnic. Kind of a picnic on steroids. Right. So just imagine a low, kind of like this size table, maybe a little bit lower and we do have high standard tables as well. With a tablecloth, with your wine glasses, a full table skate. You got your music, your Bluetooth going. It's just a vibe. So if you haven't had a luxury picnic, you definitely have to check us out. It could be intimate, just date night for two or all the way up to 20 people if you want to do like baby showers, birthdays, anniversaries. I can ask you this. I'm a big fan of baby shower food. Just the food though. Could I book an event just for the baby shower food with no baby involved? I wear a Burberry shirt. You could do whatever you want. We got you. You want meatballs? Hell yeah. We got your meatballs. Meatballs, rotel, wings, some of them little sausages on the stick. All that to let people know that this is a baby shower. But just the food though. I might invite like two or three pregnant women who didn't get to have one. That'd be hard.  That's dope. Give him back. You throw the baby shower. I show up with a Burberry shirt. They rent me for the however many hours she needs to get these pictures. I show up for say four hour block. You get what I'm saying? I'm hired to fill in. I like it. Yeah. And if it's a chance that her and her baby daddy might get back together, we'll do two sets of pictures. One with me, one with that. This could be big. This could be big. So what inspired you to create this? Well, I was working in corporate America in hospitality and I lost my job due to COVID. And then I really wasn't able to find another job because hospitality is all I knew. I started when I was 17 in hospitality and I ain't gonna say my age, but I worked all my life from starting on the phones as a PBX operator all the way up to the corporate level. So it's really all I knew. And then when there weren't any hospitality jobs, I had to kind of figure out what I was gonna do. And I was like, this is the perfect time to invest in myself and invest in a business. So I came up with a garden party because I like to provide experience for people and make them happy and try to take them out the norm, have them experience something different. So I use my hospitality experience, my sales and marketing, my customer service to provide a great experience for us. What are some of the strange things people have called to add to their party list? I don't get nothing strange. I don't think it's that simple. Nobody ever hits you back like, you think you can bring some of them long lighters so we can light some candles or nothing like that? No, I think the most, to me, the strangest thing is when people try to bring their own plates to get us discount, like I'll bring my own plates or I'll bring my own dishes, like that's not really how this works. Right, it's not the dishes that we're charging you for, baby. Yeah, so I think that's it, but we don't really get any strange requests. Who taught you how to make roses out of pepperoni? Well, actually, YouTube, TikTok, and I had to give a shout out to Boozy Grazer, which is my friend that has a Shakutri class. But yes. A class? Yeah, they have classes that teach Shakutri. I'm actually gonna be doing a class this year. I don't have the date yet, so I'll keep you posted. You can do it here. Do it here? Do it here. I'm gonna hold you to it.  I'm gonna hold you to it. Right in here, we'll move everything out the way. This is enough space, ain't it? Yeah!  I can see it. So speaking of, what did you have for us today? Yeah, I brought some stuff to see if you could, you know, try it out. Have you had takutri before? Yes. Okay, so you're already a fan, so I want you to try out my favorite bite. So it's the cracker, it's the turkey pepperoni, the habanero cheese, and the strawberry with honey on it. You gonna try it? I will. Mine's the cheese. You don't do cheese? No, it's just habanero. Oh, it's all right. I got, no, try the goat cheese. This is goat cheese with everything seasoning on it. Try that. So the cracker, the turkey pepperoni, the goat cheese, and the strawberry with honey. Oh, hold on. I'm doing this show ghetto. I ain't even using my little spoon. But ain't nobody else here. J-O-N, what's your little spoon, man? I was, I wanted to offer you some takutri in my bite.  Anybody that wanna come up here and join in with us right quick, this is what it's all about. Yeah. What's he, we'll turn this to a party.  Wait a minute, I ain't ready yet. You got some more of these little spoons. I do, over on that table over there. Oh, we're talking, this is the whole event, man. There's some more plates over there, too. Drop the, tell them the info where they can find you and all that. You can find me on Instagram at garden underscore party underscore Elana. So yes, and our website is www.gardenparty, I'm sorry, thegardenpartyelana.com. How far in advance do people need to hit you the book? Oh, we prefer five days in advance, but we know how. So I couldn't just be like, I'm real charcuterie today. I'm calling up Garden Party. You can do that. I ain't better. But yeah, we do do last minute, just hit us up and if we're available, we can do last minute. Tell me some good things to put on your board.  Yeah, you always want to do something, a little range or something. You always have to have your fruit. So definitely your fruit, your meat. This is turkey bacon and this is herb coated salami. You also have to have your cheeses, of course. You want to have a soft cheese and then a hard cheese. You can't forget your chocolate. Your chocolate and your nuts. Chocolate and your nuts.  So everybody, you have to drip the honey. The honey. The honey. Yes. You gotta have the honey. You're not doing the right if you're not dripping the honey. Mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm, mm-hmm.  No, but I do want everybody to come up here and get, you know, I want the whole experience. I want you to leave with just the board. You don't even have to put it back up. So we're going to invite everybody. Bring them little spoons. Did they bring the little, the little spoon? Oh, he has one there. Look, he y'all running, stop running in him. No. Give those to her. She's going to handle this for us. She's going to make everybody's- No, but y'all have to, everyone has to make their own. It's so much you could change how you want it. I don't want to- Put the hand sanitizer right here first and then we'll let- So we're going to keep this running because I want you to see how the mood of the room changes once we start getting down on this board. All types of cheese and fruit. Come on, man. Thad, you first? Yeah, I'm going to go first. All right, Bet. Here you go. Come on, y'all. Don't be shy. Everybody wants some. Yeah. Great, there's some almonds on here. You can eat the almonds. Yes, yes, yes. Yes, yes, yes. Yes, yes, yes. Some flatbread with feta and garlic, little cheese sauce. Make the one you wanted me to try. Okay. Come on, J-O-A. I do. Now, y'all going to try the honey or y'all going to ask honey? No, we like honey. Okay. I know what honey is. This is the goat cheese right there. Okay. Mm-hmm.  You just pull it. I told you, man, we doing big things over here on the black market, man. The black market is incomplete without stopping through the food court. Mm-hmm. So that's a cracker, goat cheese, pepperoni, strawberry. Man, hold on, let me drip this honey. Come on. Because you know we need to drip the honey. Honey dripper. You got to drip the honey. Let me go out a little bit. How did you put this together, though? When did you find out that this was your one? Well, you know, it goes hand in hand with picnics. You got to have something. Like, your cuterie is perfect for outdoor picnics. So it goes hand in hand. This is actually our top add-on. We actually have private chefs. Shout out to my chef, Christina. And we have photographer, chef, I mean, Evan from Clever Photography. But we have several add-ons that you can add on. So, like, if you don't, you're not feeling this cuterie, we can have a chef come and cook right in front of you for your picnics. There you go. You got a chef, too? Yes. Our chef is wonderful. I'm gonna bring her up here. You should. Yeah, I have her cook for y'all. You know, this is my third cuterie board I didn't brought up here. Did you see the one I made with the 8-5? Mm-hmm. I ate off of it. You did? Yeah. Okay. I appreciate it. I didn't know that you made it. Yeah. That's why I said, y'all can't cheat on me.  You, like, go together now. Okay. Since this your favorite one. Mm-hmm. Oh, you want to do it? I ain't want to pour up too much on it. Now, I've never had goat cheese. Oh, you're gonna love it. You sure? Yeah. Let me get your, right there. Take some on the side. Oh, with some goat cheese?  Here, let me get your little thing. Just to see. Eat it alone in there. Okay. All right. He want to be on, he want to be on the show so bad. I know. That's your son that know all the gangsta music. No. It's not like parenting. It's not like parenting. It's the cap county schools. Grab a, grab a, uh, boy, we'll turn this mother out. All right. I'm trying your favorite one. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. I like it. That's, uh, salami. Mm-hmm. Yeah. What's goat cheese? This is a goat cheese right there. You got to put some honey on it. Do you like it with me? You got some. Yes. The rose with turkey bacon. The drizzle. The drizzle. I see why they, why this is popular. Yep. I'm going to give you my favorite fruit to set it off. Boom. Boy, you can give me no blackberry. That's, that's racist. No, my bad. I would give you my favorite bite. Mm-hmm. You like the goat cheese? Yes. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. And the blackberry hit it with just enough sweetness to, to the palatine. Mm-hmm. I see why this is popular amongst the community. Tell them again how they can get in touch with you. Oh, man. Instagram garden underscore party underscore Atlanta or www.thegardenpartyalana.com. Well, there you have it folks. We're going to eat some more exotic cheeses, pepperonis and crackers and breads and fruits and things of that nature. The Atlanta Garden Club. Club. You didn't turn into a club. Look at this. This is it right here. Oh, okay. That's the club. It's the new late night picnic. The garden trap. Okay. Thank you. The garden trap. And I'm going to come back and teach my charcuterie class in the trap. Y'all need a DJ? Yeah. What do we do? We really set up already. I'm perfect. And I hope you come monthly and bring us some nice and keep us updated. Next time you come up with something and you need some, some people to just try it out. Send it up here. I feel like, I feel like, I feel like I went to a whole another level. I ain't never really ate cheese on a show like this. I feel like my value just went up. Stay tuned to the black market because


It begins with the first tentative forays of the Wright brothers, human beings taking flight, soaring to ever greater heights. Every major aerospace achievement along the way builds on those before it. Lessons learned answer some questions and raise many others, spurring new endeavors and discoveries. Imagination provides the spark, but information sustains the fire. As the tasks become increasingly complex, documenting and having access to research results becomes ever more critical. To meet researchers needs for aerospace information from around the globe. NASA established a scientific and technical information program. At the heart, the STI program is a worldwide network of information professionals. Using both traditional and advanced technologies, their mission is to seek out and make available whatever material an aerospace researcher requires. Whether it's a published report or updates on studies in progress, the STI team can produce and deliver the necessary information in almost any format. Utilizing this tremendous resource saves two important things, time and money. One of the key elements in the STI program is a powerful database containing more than 3 million records. Topics covered range from aero and astronautics to the life and space sciences. Coverage is truly global. Material is acquired from over 50 countries through more than 600 exchange agreements. Online computer searches of the STI database are possible through an information system called NASA Recon. It is extremely flexible. Personal profiles can be established based on individual interests. An automatic literature search and document distribution option will continuously deliver new related information as it becomes available. An average of 85,000 aerospace items are processed into the system each year, keeping it current. The STI program also provides access to a variety of other databases around the world, creating an unrivaled aerospace information network. A number of specialized services, including custom thesauruses, translating material to or from other languages, database building, organizing research results for publication, or even generating graphics are offered as well. No matter what an individual researcher's needs, there's an STI professional with the expertise to meet them. All that's required to take advantage of this unique flexible program is a phone call. An STI representative will provide necessary details. As researchers around the world continue to push back the limits of aerospace science and technology, the need to streamline the research and development process is greater than ever. The key is information, ensuring that previous work is not repeated and new endeavors are undertaken as efficiently as possible. Capabilities have grown considerably since those early days on a remote North Carolina beach, but there are still great strides to be made. Just as the discoveries of the past serve as the foundation for today's successes, present day studies are laying the groundwork for the challenges of tomorrow. Helping secure this future is NASA's scientific and technical information program. The source for aerospace research around the globe. For more information about the NASA STI program, please write to the NASA Center for Aerospace Information or call us at<PHONE_NUMBER>.


Hey guys Brian here, and today we're gonna be going over the super trendy look the dip dye or I call it the pink ombre Got our great model curiel here and Really, I just wanted to show I see it a lot right now. I see it everywhere They've got this really you know with the ends a different fun color I liked pink curiel agreed that we would do who do well with pink in her hair So I just wanted to show how to do it so that it comes out looking nice and professional I see a lot of people doing this at home or they're literally just dipping their hair into a bowl of something So this is how a salon professional gets the job done. I actually wanted to go through working off of her natural part and Sort of do this just like I would do an actual ombre So that we have a nice actual fade into the pink rather than just a hard line Where the pink starts you can see I showed the bowls there I have a few different shades of pink because rather than Just one solid color at the end. I did want it to have a little bit of dimension And I have seen her since and it actually will have a nice little bit of dimension So I hope that shows up well enough on on this video for you guys to see So as you see I'm coming through working off her part for standard sections working at the bottom The color I chose to use for this one is the Paul Mitchell ink works I mixed it with a nice thick white conditioner to give myself a little bit more of a pastel tone I didn't want the the screaming hard magenta of the hot pink as it is right out of the bottle I wanted a little bit softer So as you can see I've got my sections go inside by side just like the ombre video I'm just hand painting holding the brush vertically Parallel to the hair making sure there's a good bit of color on the brush holding those ends and then just gliding down the hair I Used the darker of my two pinks in these bottom sections so that it would have a little bit deeper of a color towards the bottom and As you'll notice as I work up towards the crown of the head I use less of the dark pink and a little bit more of the the lighter baby pink Because I want it to just like an ombre It would vary in intensity as it gets down through the lengths of the hair She's got a finer hair texture. So you can see we're definitely taking a little bit larger sections Then you would if you were dealing with a lightener or a permanent hair color I've previously gone in and actually she's a balayage client of mine. So I know that there's lightener in there and And That's gonna give me a nice canvas to work off of so this pink can show up pretty To create the different levels of pink that I used here. I just used different amounts of Conditioner really I you if I wanted it more of the baby pink which you'll see and through the crown and around the face It's mostly a nice conditioner with just a little bit of the pink in there just to create that soft Effect whereas for this color of the darker of the two pigs I have obviously much more of the color and then again Because of the width of the section I chose to go with the three long lines and then as you work your way down I am putting lines in between those lines And then so on and so forth until all of those lines sort of converge together the tips Doing that is what's going to help to wash out that color a little bit Rather than having that hard line somewhere in the mid shaft Here you can see I start Using the different pinks together. I've got the lighter pink married in with the darker pink Trying to keep it kind of even side by side whatever I do on the left side I want to go back in and do on the right side as well because I do want this to look nice I want this to look like a hairdresser did it because that's what I am So I definitely want to put my my stamp on there saying Yes, I am a salon professional and this is what I did You can see there's a third color in there that I use very sparingly It's a little bit more of a lilac-y purple. I didn't want this to be a Purple outcome. I just wanted to add dimension Because like I said, I want I want there to be lots of different shades for the eye to see So again, you start working on those outsides there with the lighter color There's that nice little purple line for dimension right down the center and through the ends And then I've got the medium pink going on either side of those sections So that after this gets washed out and her hair is down, you're not going to look at that section and see Oh, that's where the purple went in. That's where the pink. That's where the dark pink it's really just going to look to the eye as You know just a dimensional pink, which I think is cool because it's not something that you see very often when we see fantasy colors it's usually just a flat palette of Fantasy whereas this is going to have areas of lighter lighter areas of darker You know like when we deal with actual permanent hair color and what's great is it didn't take That long to do as you can see this is a quick video. Yes, it is sped up But dealing with the the thinner texture of the fantasy color the ink works in this case Allows me to move much faster So it's cool. This isn't going to take tons and tons of time But this is something that we can offer our guests, you know We want them doing as little as possible on themselves when it comes to their hair at home So the fact that people are seeing this and I have people asking about it. I The reason I wanted to make this video. I wanted to say, okay, you work behind a chair This is how you can do this now a little bit You know more how a hairdresser would do it and this is what it could look like if you do it this way By all means anyone that goes in and try something like this. I'd love to see more variations Maybe with some some different colors some blues and greens. Who knows? We just wanted to go with pink because it was gonna look really good with curials pretty blue eyes So I'm using the reason I chose to use the foils in between these sections it's certainly not Necessary because obviously we're not incubating this color But I wanted to just use it to separate these sections from each other because We are dealing with a direct dye like this that doesn't need to incubate Anything that it touches it's gonna color So I wanted to keep that just so that I knew exactly where the color was going on each and every section So here you can see we're finishing up. She's got a really nice strong fringe So I wanted to put a little bit more of that baby pink around it and not so much anything going Through the fringe. I don't know. I just thought it would look neat. It was my personal Preference on this look and then just finishing up getting those ends saturated One little piece on this side of the fringe and I believe I went and did one little piece on the other side of the fringe And then just using your typical balayage skills knowing that where you put that color is exactly where it's gonna be Just eyeballing where I thought it would look neat to have just a little little flash of pink around the bangs Just carefully paint it right in there and then just let it sit I let this process for about 15 minutes before we gave her a nice shampoo experience blew it out and I wanted to leave her hair nice and straight so that nobody could say That we hid the gradation in the curls.  It's not just a big chunk of pink It's kind of cool. She likes it. She's been rocking it around town. I've seen it So thank you guys check us out at free salon education comm for more videos and I'll see you soon. Thanks