So, yesterday Nintendo had their Nindies showcase and today fans, media get to go hand on at the Nindies at night, which obviously takes place tonight. They get to play out these games and you're going to see more and more news come out about them. And I was debating on how to best cover this because I wasn't here when the Nindies thing was live, so my chance to do a live stream reaction to it kind of fell by the wayside. It was taking care of my children. So I decided that instead I'm going to talk about two games from the Nindies showcase that I'm like stoked to play. And I'm talking like Mario Odyssey levels of stoked. And a little background on me, I don't play a lot of indie games. I just don't. There are not a lot of indie games that interest me. At least that have been shown to me that I'm aware of. There are obviously some indie games I have played. There's indie games I do enjoy, but I don't actively go out of my way to purchase indie games unless it's something that just really captures me. And this time around we have two specific indie games that did that from this Nindies showcase. Now, to be fair, there was a bunch of games shown and a lot of them look good. There was actually an RPG one that I am somewhat interested in. I'll need to see some more information now. But why am I going to talk about that one today? So let's get into the two games I'm going to talk about. And those are Golf Story and Travis Strikes Again, No More Heroes, which obviously a lot of people have been talking about Travis Strikes Again, No More Heroes. It was the biggest announcement. So let's spend some time talking about Golf Story. So I had never heard of Golf Story before this event. Apparently it was a game that's been known. It is completely Switch Exclusive. And that's kind of a theme with these two games that I'm talking about. They're both Switch Exclusive. I don't really care if they were Switch Exclusive or not, but it's just interesting that the two games that interest me the most happen to be Switch Exclusive. And Golf Story is this game. And I'll have the trailer going on in the background here where I am playing or you get to play as a character that is in an RPG based around Golf. And there's like villains and story and upgrades and side things going on. In many ways it kind of reminds me and not kind of. It reminds me almost identically of what Mario Golf was back on the Game Boy Color. Like if you guys remember Mario Golf used to be an RPG with different courses and villains and all this stuff. And it was a very interesting concept to me that unfortunately Nintendo kind of left to the side. And it's a quirky idea. And I understand it's a quirky idea. Maybe sales showed that people just didn't care about Mario Golf as an RPG. But Golf Story interests me not just because I actually enjoy Golf. You know, whether it's Frisbee Golf, which they have apparently Frisbee Golf in the game as well. Typically called it frothing and regular Golf. And then they also happen to have something to do with flying drones. I have no idea. But I'm very interested to figure that that mode out. And it all just reminds me of everything I loved about Mario Golf. Building a story, an RPG around what are arguably some of the most boring sports to watch. Now I think Golf is highly enjoyable to play. But I have a really hard time even watching things like even the majors. Like the masters and everything. Every now and then you'll see something just absolutely crazy happen. But it happens so infrequently that for the majority, if I have the masters on or the US Open or something, it's in the background. I'm not really paying that much attention to it. Unless there's like a playoff about to happen. Or it's coming down to some intense final putts. Or whoever is on the 18th hole. And there's one shot back and what's going to happen. I like the drama of sports. And that includes the drama that exists in Golf. Now I am really encapsulated with this. Just I love everything about the original Mario Golf. And from what we have seen and what we are looking at here with Golf Story. It's a lot like that. But a 2017 version of it. And a 2017 version that is goofy and silly. And not going for this high quality AAA 3D rendering thing. It's sticking to that more top down 2D aesthetic. Which again, a lot of indie games stick to. But it's doing it in a way that feels very modern. This feels like a game that I would be playing on my Nintendo 3DS tomorrow. Except we're getting it on Switch. Which means higher frame rate, higher resolution. So it's going to look even more gorgeous. And I think it really works well with the Switch. Especially in portable mode. I'm actually pumped about it. And it comes out next month. Which is just, oh it's so awesome that this game is coming out so soon. Because I'm going to be looking for a game to play. After NBA 2K 18 comes out. And I realize that we have Skyrim coming. But I'm really looking forward to a new game. To kind of squeeze in my spare moments when I'm out of game. I might not stream as much. And Golf Story just really excites me. And I feel like it could be one of my sleeper games of the year. Because at the end of the year I plan to do a top 10 Nintendo Switch games from 2017. And I have a sneaking suspicion that Golf Story has a chance to sneak in as an indie game into the top 10. So we'll have to wait and see on that. But I'm so excited. And then obviously we have Travis Strikes again No More Heroes. I am pumped for this game. Because I loved No More Heroes on the Wii. It was just, it was a stellar game. I don't even remember the story of it. I just remember having a blast. I didn't actually beat the game. But now that this game has been announced. I'm going to have to find a friend of mine who has a Wii. Dig up an old copy of No More Heroes and No More Heroes 2. And just go to town. Because I love it. But I also as excited as I am for this. Like I've been waiting for a new No More Heroes game in forever. And I like the story about the guy trying to avenge the daughter. It's awesome. But it's also really weird to have this No More Heroes game announced. And then I also have to take a step back and be like, wait a second. We have this new No More Heroes game. But then the description after the trailer came out of like having to you're stuck inside this game and you have to beat six different games. And we saw in the trailer like playing Hotline Miami. And I'm like, wait a second. So is this like this game that isn't really No More Heroes? It's just based in the world of No More Heroes. And you're really just playing six different other indie games like Hotline Miami. And you have to beat them to advance. And you're not really actually playing traditional No More Heroes. That's what I'm worried about. It's a weird way to bring No More Heroes back because it has been a while. Now it'd be different, I guess, if they they brought No More Heroes back like this. But there was an announcement of like a true No More Heroes 3 or whatever. But we don't have that announcement right now. So this is one of those things where I'm worried. And maybe the game is going to prove my worries are totally baseless. And yes, you got those six indie games are in there. But there is a traditional No More Heroes game built around it. But if that's not the case, my worry is that this is going to federation force the No More Heroes franchise. And I don't think any of us wants to see that happen. The thing is, I think federation force is a fantastic game. But because it was announced and came out at a time when the future of Metroid was so uncertain, it really did not have a very good reception. We all know how bad the reception of that game was. And I worry that Travis strikes again.  But if it's this side dish that's not really traditional No More Heroes, that it's going to be off-putting to fans of No More Heroes. And they're going to end up not only not giving this game a chance, they might start to give up on any hope of an actual true blue No More Heroes game coming out.  It is made by independent studios, Suda51, Grasshopper, blah, blah, blah. But it's one of those things where it's not exactly a series that is a top-selling franchise. So if Travis strikes again, doesn't do decently well, then there potentially could be no more future for No More Heroes. So it's just a scary thought. And I'm still talking about it because I am excited. Because I'm hoping that even with the sixth indie game thing you got to play in it, which I'm fine, that doesn't bother me, that there's still a traditional No More Heroes game built around it. I'm hoping, I mean, there is this epic showdown between these two huge characters and Travis touchdown. And I already forgot the guy. The guy's named the father of the girl that he killed. And it's, I'm hoping that bare minimum, you get to do a traditional No More Heroes showdown with him. At the end, that would at least be something. Especially if that's something at the end of that battle, basically confirms the next full-blown No More Heroes game is in development and hopefully releasing at some point in the next year or two. And what I actually found interesting overall about the Nindy showcase is the mix of games. I'm not surprised that pretty much all they showed was switch exclusive, switch console exclusive, or coming to switch first games. That's not really a surprise. This is a Nindy showcase. So it's going to feature games that are basically highlighting the Nintendo switch as a front-running platform. This is why you probably didn't see games like Rocket League. Rocket League is a huge deal. We know all about it. We know it's coming to switch. We know it's a huge franchise. But again, it's not, there's nothing notable for a Nindy presentation. It's not coming first to switch. It's not coming exclusively to switch. It's not a timed exclusive. It's not a console exclusive. It's just a multi-platform game that's actually being late ported to switch. Now they could have used this opportunity to talk about it and tell the fact that maybe it's the first indie game with console crossplay that crossplays between Xbox, Nintendo, and PC. That would have been the interesting thing to bring up. But I don't know that Nintendo is interested themselves in jumping into the whole internet debate that's been going on pretty much since E3 about crossplay and Sony's lack of involvement. Nintendo hasn't really answered questions about it outside of saying, hey look, developers asked us and we just said yes. That's like the end of the conversation and for Nintendo. So Nintendo is not going out and seeking other people because Nintendo just makes games for their system. So they don't have games that are multi-platform, unless you want to count the mobile side of things and how that might interact with future games. But again, that's a Nintendo game. So it's a little different. Now, I hope my fears on No More Heroes are proven to not be correct. I hope even though it doesn't feel like it's a full No More Heroes game, because it just doesn't, at least it doesn't sound like it is, I hope that there's enough No More Heroes in there that it at least wets my appetite to get ready for a bigger game. And golf story, oh I can gush about golf story all day. It is just, to me, I don't know how popular this kind of game is going to be, but you needless to say you're going to see a ton of golf story here at Nintendo Prime once it comes out because I love golf story and I can see me just talking about Switch, talking about this and talking about that and showing lots of golf story. Now, as a full disclaimer, I know last week I started a new series where I talked about games releasing next week. Those are released on Friday and then games that were announced this past week. And those are typically going to be Nindie games or independent games showed off. And I have to say that those, even though I just started the series, this is really bad form, there's probably not going to be videos for those this week because of the Nintendo World Championships and the fact that it's my son's birthday, my youngest son's birthday, two-year-old birthday, he actually turned to yesterday, but we have the party on Saturday. And Friday I have to spend a ton of time organizing everything and getting the food and getting all together. And Saturday I have to actually throw the party and I also have one of my friend friendly drafts for fantasy football right before the start of the regular season. So it's just a really jam packed weekend plus Nintendo World Championships on Sunday. It's just going to be all my regular stuff is kind of thrown to the side this week. I will have a video coming out Saturday and Friday and Sunday, I believe. But it's just going to be more of what I do on the regular daily content rather than the typical scheduled content for those days. But then we'll be right back out at the following week. So look forward to that. Anyways folks, that's just my quick take on two games I'm really excited about from the Nindie Showcase. As always, I am Nathaniel Rumpeljantz from Nintendo Prime. If you like this video, you know what to do. And if you dislike the video, hit that dislike button. Subscribe for more. And as always, folks, I will catch you in the next one.


In this video guys, I've been using 7 insanely OP weapons you need to be using after the latest 1.03.2 patch. How's it going guys, my name is DPJ and if you do enjoy the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more, be sure to subscribe. So today we have 7 amazing weapons you need to be considering. So let's go people. Okay so first up we have the Envoy's Longhorn. Now this is a weapon I already dedicated build to, because as soon as I saw this thing I knew that had to happen. And well guys, even without a build, this thing is truly hits like a truck. Now the Envoy's Longhorn is one of a family of horn weapons, but this is by far the best of the 3. It scales with strength, dexterity and faith and it obviously does that holy damage and it comes in seriously good here. Do what you can to buff this thing's holy damage truly makes it one of the best weapons in the game. Now it drops from the medium sized Envoy's which can easily be farmed within the Halletry area. There's 4 of the said enemy which you can farm within a minute of landing in at the Halletry canopy grace point. I will say things that assist this are for sure the Envoy's crown which also increases the damage of those bubble based attacks. Also the Shard of Eggs and the Talisman is one great talisman to use with this thing. Well hey, like I said, if you need ideas my build video will be linked below along with other videos that show exactly how this thing can be farmed. So check them out if you're interested in this one. Ok so next up people we have the God's Skin Pira. So this is a weapon I have been using for a while now. I first saw a build of this quite a while back on Tiktok. It was paired with another twin blade and man oh man it was brutal. I actually covered this before on Tiktok on a video here within the first week of the game's release. But it seems to have gotten even crazier with what else has been found which adds on to this thing's destruction. So this weapon is obtained from the God's Skin Apostle within the Windmill Village area right at the peak. It's a fun fight but the reward is even better. Now although this weapon has a great special attack, a great weapon skill in its black flame tornado, what makes this thing even more unique is the fact you can indeed add an Asher War of your own to this thing, making it very customizable. That means guys you can put that Sapuku Asher War on this. Activate it and this thing gets to work better than most things I've seen in the game, contending maybe even with the rivers of blood. It attacks extremely quickly. It's run charged light and heavy attacks while in that two handed mode, like most things. I must have landed about 4 or 5 attacks, it's like crazy. And with a decent arcane stat value you will see this thing and its blood lasts at around 135 or even higher.  But hey, there's even more.  I paired this with the Eliana's pole blade which also does bleed build up as well as having fire damage on it. I applied the claw talisman to that, also having a raptors black feathers chest piece, both increase mid air attack so if you jump an attack with this thing, it like hits 4 times in quick succession without our one left bomb for attack. While in mid air, it does remarkable damage guys. You can land into another combo dealing even more damage. It is utterly brutal. Add to that a wing sword talisman into the mix and it gets even crazier. While you're there, go through on a white mask and it adds attack power to your build when there's blood loss nearby. Combined in all of that guys and you have one of the best weapons in the game, one of the best builds in the game and if you want to find out more about that build one I just talked about, you'll find it linked down below. Next up guys you have the glint stone, pearl, ash of war and the clayman's magic harpoon. Now this is something I kinda came up with myself. The ash of war was already known for being a monster with that stagger ability but applying it to a weapon which scaled it further was always going to be key. The resort to a weapon which staggers most enemies in the game including some bosses is unreal. Now smaller to medium enemies it puts them on the spot being constantly hit over and over in a position of just taking damage and not really being able to do much about it. Larger enemies see less of this soft stagger but will easily be heavy staggered in a position to let you land that crit shot in less than 6 shots at most when chocking out that glint stone pebble ash of war. Now I've made a build on this weapon and ash of war which you'll find linked below if you're interested in how it all fits together and works. The weapon itself requires 12 strength, 10 dex and 12 intelligence and it's very very easy to farm. Now I've used this for about 2 or 3 days straight now and to those single target enemies the larger bosses and unsuspected foals this is one of the most OP things in the game right now. Again guys my build which guides you through everything needed here to make this thing OP you'll find linked down below. Ok so next stop people we have the wings of a Stel. So this weapon is another one I've previously covered and it's found within the sea or through the river area by a boss which can easily be avoided for you to grab this thing. Again full guide into getting this weapon you'll find linked down below. So to rock this weapon you need to have 7 in strength, 7 in dexterity and 20 in that intelligence. Its weapon art skill is called Nebula and this guys is just utterly crazy in regards to how powerful this is.  Now it isn't the fact that the cloud of dust explodes multiple times each explosion doing its own amount of tick damage it's the fact of how quick you can actually spam this attack out it's utterly brutal but it gets well done. This weapon you can also fire out projectiles using that heavy attack first it wants to fire out a single projectile hold it to unleash 2 projectiles this is truly one of the best weapons I've used of recent and if you do enjoy a curved sword want to spend some intellect and enjoy a great show this weapon is 100% for you.  Now where do we even start with this thing? Well since the patch which fix arcane scaling I think most who have used this will agree this thing is a little on the broken side now I term I use lightly so this weapon comes from an NPC invader within the mountaintops of the giants known as the bloody finger okina kill him and you get his mask and this katana but be careful though if you progress past the mountaintops of the giants and unto the dragon temple before getting this thing I'm afraid you've missed out on it and will have to wait until new game plus or have a friend dupe it for you it's what I did guys I went past the place where this guy spawns in and invade you I went straight onto the fire giant killed him progressed unto the dragon temple not realising I messed up my chance and getting it for myself so the requirements for this thing are 12 in strength 18 in dexterity and 20 in arcane so what makes this thing so brutal you may be wondering if you don't know well to start Bleed builds in this game alone are some of the best builds due to what can be achieved with the equipment you can find and add on to said builds I'd probably say the best at this point and I'd probably say although I don't want it from software may even drop a slight nerf to them I think we all are thinking that we don't want it to happen but I think we all know it's coming so we have this thing's weapon art skill the corpse pillar that's exactly what this thing does it just brutally tears through most things with a flurry of attacks which has a better range and an area of effect than you'd think just by looking at it and while then guys you can just dual wield it with another katana to unlock that double moose set by pushing through enemies like this node tomorrow if you are lucky enough to have two rivers of blood katanas then good for you but pair this with a katana like the standard one on the samurai apply that supuku to that katana dual wield them have each katana in your left hand two handed use that supuku asha war go back into dual wielding mode gain that extra damage pair this with a couple of talismans like the shard of alexander the load of blood's exultation and the many other things that buff this thing and while you're just left with at the moment one of the best weapons in the game I'd probably say at this point it's untouchable but hey the rivers of blood we just couldn't leave it out ok so next up guys we have the war cry and bloody hellish combo now this one starts with a bloody hellish a weapon which is super easy to get which is a thrust in heavy sword which hits real hard and can't be extremely useful but when you combo it up with a war cry asha war or in fact a weapon which has the war cry already built into it like many axes and great axes we see something amazing happens so the bloody hellish requires 16 in strength, 19 in dex and 17 in arcane I also think this may have benefitted from the arcane fix although I didn't try it beforehand so I can't confirm that so this is what you do and this is how you make this thing work and how you make it extremely overpowered by using like I said a war cry weapon paired with a bloody hellish so firstly with a weapon with that war cry weapon skillet on it either via asha war which if you don't know where that is by the way guys I'll link it down below so having said weapon in your right hand with that asha war skillet on it wield it then activate that asha war war cry what this does is it changes a weapon's heavy attack to a kind of run charge uppercut and that's where this thing gets overpowered so with a bloody hellish in your left hand the war cry asha war weapon in your right hand activate that war cry asha war then simply guys two hand the bloody hellish by either holding E on PC triangle on Playstation and Y on Xbox and pressing your left mouse button on PC and your left trigger on both consoles you will now be in that two handed bloody hellish mode now if you press that heavy attack button guys your bloody hellish heavy attack is overwritten with a war cry one and this results in a good few seconds of one of the most powerful attacks possible in this game keep in mind every instance of this animation seems to do damage so the run charge and swing uppercut all do damage so it's best to get as close as possible to an enemy for maximum effect and damage now I don't think this is intended but either way as of right now it is a brutal brutal weapon so enjoy it while you can guys ok so our last list today guys we have the blasphemous blade now this weapon is received via trading right cards remembrance with two fingers within the round table right card is obviously the main boss from volcano mana so we'll do that quest guys at volcano mana get this remembrance take it to two fingers within the round table and get this weapon people it is absolutely incredible so this weapon requires 22 in strength 15 in dexterity and 21 in faith a special weapon skill is called taker's flames now what's actually happened with this I don't think many people realise it is this weapon prepatch used to give you a portion of your health back upon you killing an enemy well that's now changed you only have to hit an enemy to get that health back yes you heard that right and it's a big portion too you hit an enemy with his things weapon skill it's weapon arts skill you get your health back not all of it but a big chunk of it the best thing about it guys is you can spam out that attack now it does cast 30 fp points so you have to be cautious there either way it does hit like an absolute truck if you set this up right I've already based a build on this as well which again you'll find linked down below I'll pay it with many many things which buff these things because obviously it does that physical damage as well as that fire damage so things that buff fire damage are absolutely incredible on this thing talismans like the fire scorpion charm you can also have the flame shroud and crack tier apply that mixier flask and you are good to go now this isn't the most powerful weapon in today's video but the way in which it does hit like a truck it is super powerful but it's also at the same time gives you back your health makes it one of the most efficient I have covered today about a shadow of a doubt and for those of you out there who have faith builds this is one I would recommend you at least trying because in my opinion right now I believe this thing is seriously underrated and not that many people are actually using it or even know about it and know how brutal this thing can be the range and its takers flame skill as well guys is utterly incredible if enemies are lined up in front of you it just takes them all out it wipes them all out on bosses as well guys it does stagger them pretty harshly and like I said because you can spam this thing so quickly it is a great and fun weapon to use like I said you are gaining your health back every time you hit an enemy with this weapon so if you are spamming a boss you are loaded up on faith have it seal on at the same time again allowing you to boost that fire damage things like the flame grant me strength that may work and help you out here as well guys I mean the possibilities are endless with this thing so yes guys if you are into that faith and you do need a decent weapon this one will not let you down you mark my words and there we have it guys 7 incredible weapons that you need to check out guys if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out if you are new around here want to see more out there then be sure to subscribe and hopefully my beauty for people I will see you on that next one


The Course was always very simple and direct in the sense that I quickly felt from working with the Course like, ah, all these pages, all these chapters, everything, and this is just designed to get me in touch with my intuition, with the higher power, with the intuition, with the Holy Spirit. That's all it's for. It's only got one purpose. And you mentioned in the introduction, you said, I don't hear guidance. I don't hear guidance. And that's pretty much the condition of the human condition. I mean, if human beings, if out of the seven billion, the majority of them were tuned in to their higher self and hearing the guidance, well, that would make pretty short work of this world. Kind of space wouldn't go on for millions of years. It would be wrapped up pretty quick because it was already wrapped up. It was answered the instant that it seemed to arise. It was handled simultaneously. It wasn't even up. It was up. That's how long it took the Holy Spirit to answer the problem. It's simultaneous. So the interesting thing is the Course itself says very few will hear the voice for God directly. Very few will hear the Holy Spirit directly. I didn't take that as discouraging. I took that as, okay, I guess I'll be one of the very few then, because the other option is not good, not hearing the voice for God. I find it interesting too now that even though there's a lot of Course teachers that have even said, that's not a realistic goal. You know, to hear the Holy Spirit, I'd say, I don't know about that, but it's certainly realistic for me, because if that's my way to eternity and peace and happiness, I'm going to hear that voice. I'm going to experience it in many ways, because if that's what the whole book's about, and the book says you will believe this Course entirely or not at all, and it's all about one thing, hearing the voice for God. You better believe I'm going to hear the voice for God. So what I found was that I actually, after a lot of immersion, like eight hours a day reading the book and practicing it really full on, that I actually, not at first I wasn't hearing the Holy Spirit or Jesus, but actually about two and a half years I was. And you can imagine how that would simplify things. If you had a direct pipeline to Jesus and you were going to follow the pipeline.  You know, I found the formula for awakening is listen and follow. The listening part won't even help you. As hard as it may seem to just listen to the voice for God, it still won't help you if you don't follow, but the voice tells you to do. So I find myself in kind of 20 some odd, 25, 27, whatever, how many years later, that I find it's interesting that I find these communities are springing up and the people that I work with and I join with, they actually hear guidance, believe it or not, it's not like, I wish I could, I wish, I wish, I wish, I wish. We go so deep into it that that's why the communities become more telepathic. That's why increasingly with the communities there's harmony. There's a sense of joy. There's a sense of fellowship. There's a sense of flowing together. There's a sense of the big dance because of one thing. It's very simple. It's guidance, opening to guidance. And we have singer-songwriters who are not only singing, but they're channeling between what Ellen was doing and the same with other aspects of the ministry, whether it's graphics or websites or whatever. I didn't know anything about computers. I ended up being guided and starting using servers and all kinds of things that I knew nothing about.  But then there came a point where I would just sit there with the fingers on the keyboard and go, if you want something, you're going to have to do it. I had no clue what's going on here. And then it would happen. I would be channeling websites or getting into things which I knew nothing about. I had no formal training in. But through my willingness to listen and follow and be done through, these things just started to happen and happen and happen. Things that I knew nothing about, things that I had no interest in. I had no interest in traveling. I was shy as well as quiet. I had no interest in public speaking. I had no interest in any of these things. And the spirit was like, well, actually there's a very important plan going on here. And you're part of it. And you said yes when I asked, are you willing to help? You said yes. You said unequivocal yes. Not maybe. You said yes. You gave it all over and then that happened. So to me that's a starting point to say I'm not hearing. And that's the human condition. So that's the starting point of the human condition. But to transcend the human condition, to transcend being a human being, to transcend the mask, that's what the mask of personality is, the mask, to transcend the mask of the cosmos, you really have to be willing to listen and to follow. And as you do that, you will see that there's a lot of letting go of concepts, the things that just raise up into awareness and fall away. And ego has fear every time there's like a shift in the self-concept. It's like, well, where's this going? Where's this going to lead? But then you're carrying on into joy and then more joy and greater joy and it works. You're shown that it works.


This episode was brought to you by Tripwire. Today we ask the question, is your system hard enough? Now we all hear about the importance of system hardening. A hardened system, what is it? Is it something out of a Guy Ritchie movie? No, not quite. Think of your production environment as a war zone. Now you wouldn't send your common soft civilian in there. No, you want to send your hardened battle ready soldiers. Which is a bit like system hardening. And if you decide not to harden your system and throw it into the production environment and once it gets owned, you'll be asked the same question that Tupac was asking so many years ago.  So, what does this involve? Well, it's pretty simple. All you do is you just simply turn off all the things that you don't need. This, you will find, is the second most secure computer on the planet. We've removed the mouse, painted the screen black, we've turned off the whole Wi-Fi, turned down the hi-fi, we've bulletproofed the whole case just in case of a drive-by. Removed all the insecure letters, got rid of the power cable, ditched the battery, broke the connection with the printer, removed the VGA port, took out the HDMI. All of this which makes this computer virtually impossible to use, but perfectly secure. Right, and you say this is the second most secure device we have? Yes, this here is the most secure one in the world. What's this? Inside here is an iPad. Okay, so maybe you don't want to turn off all your services, make it completely unusable, but you do want to shut down anything that's unnecessary, therefore making the attack surface as small as possible. For example, when I go out on the motorbike, I wear something like this. What is this doing? It's doing the same thing. It's a hard shell, it's shut down all the bits that aren't needed, and therefore making the vulnerable area a lot smaller than had I not been doing it. Therefore increasing the chances that I'd preserve my dangerously good looks should anything happen. And you should think of doing the same to your network. Stay secure, my friends.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2021 Panini Contenders Football Six Box Half Case Picker Team Number 6. Big thanks to this group right here for making it happen, appreciate it. I think Jason marked all of these six, Jason's Picker Team Five, right? So we all know that they're from the same case. Alright and again, we do have personal breaks of contenders available on our personal breaks channel at jaspysbrakes on Instagram. If you just want to have an entire box to yourself, be greedy, that's fine. Have it all to yourself. If you want to do more group breaks, if you're only chasing specific teams or specific players, you can go to jaspyscasebrakes.com and buy into the next half case break of contenders. And the next half case will be a fresh case. Alright so when is the NFL free agent slash trade window? When is that happening? Or it's a trade window? Free agent window? I don't know what window it is. There's a window. I guess the league calendar, we've got a rookie ticket, that's Josh Allen's flipped around. What is that, an autograph? I don't think so. We've got Jeremiah Oosu, Koramoa. For the Browns. Cleveland, this is for you.  That's Jerry with the Browns. It's a little trickery happening here. There's Callan Mon. Looks like Callan Mon is going to have to wait another year because Kurt Cousins given an extension, another year deal, an extra year, $35 million, I'm not sure if our Vikings fans happy about another year at Kurt Cousins on the books? We've got Chaz Sarat, another Viking going to Edward. The Callan Mon and then the Chaz Sarat and we've got Tom Brady. He's coming back. He kind of cracks me up. There's Chris Evans, all the accolades and news reports and newspaper articles and blog posts and tweets and all this sort of stuff, you know, congratulating Tom Brady on his career, you know, and now what happens when he retires again? Do we go through the same like the same praise parade? We're going to do with these, we'll do left-right randomizers on those. And we've got an Antonio Gates, 18 out of 99. All right, let's see what we've got. Good luck. It's Nick Bolton, rookie ticket autograph, Nick Bolton. I don't know where Nick Bolton goes. Let's go to group break checklists, contenders, football cards, team checklist. Nick Bolton is a Kansas City chief. That's going to go to Sam Real. That was box one. Next box. Logan saying Packers fans are happy that Kurt Cousins is back. Cowboys keeping Gallup with a $62.5 million deal. It's a nice payday for Michael Gallup. Five years, 62.5 million, $10 million signing bonus, et cetera, et cetera, nice. Senator Jensen agrees to a three-year deal with the Bucks. Cardinals and tight end, Zach Ertz agreed to a new three-year deal. Bill's bringing back wide receiver Mackenzie on a two-year deal. Cowboys to trade. That's right. Mark Cooper to the Browns. What happened there? I thought of Mark Cooper who's pretty solid, maybe he was getting paid too much. Harry saying chiefs, I think. Harry, I think you're lagging behind by a few minutes. Click that live button. We are halfway through ripping open the second box when you mentioned that. Oh, there you go. He's live now. Thank you, Harry. Three minutes ago. Why was Cooper a money thing? Is Arthur here? Was cutting Amari Cooper a money thing? Did they put that money to Michael Gallup instead? Michael Gallup CD-Lam? Brian's like, I feel like Michael Gallup just dropped two passes at the same time that I feel. Drop the pen, maybe. All right. Ooh, nice. We got a Joe Burrell season ticket to $199, second year. Arthur saying, yeah, it was a money thing. I feel like that Ezekiel Elliott deal is still kind of biting them in the butt, right? Because I feel like if Ezekiel Elliott didn't get paid as much as he did, that Joe Burrell card, by the way, goes to Sean and the Bengals. And then Jason Pinnock, rookie ticket, will go to the JETS Jets, Ryan with the Jets. We got rookie ticket Cameron McGrone. Patriots. That'll be for Sean Maddock. Another redemption. Yeah, Elliott probably should have been gone first. That's the thing. That's why teams are so hesitant to pay that running back. There's rookie ticket Raven Jordan. Texans. That's going to be for Ben. We got Rashad Bateman on card autograph for the Purplebirds. That is for Aaron and the Ravens. Harry smelling a huge eagle hit coming? I saw plenty of boxes go. Let's see. So what's a big, what would be the big, what's the big hit that you're looking for? We got Tommy Trembl. Trembl is a panther. That's for Garrett. Last spot mojo. 70% of the time. 100% of the time. Maybe a cracked ice Devonta Smith would be pretty nice I think. Wow, an out of five Devonta Smith. Harry's calling. That'd be pretty sweet. The low numbered cards are really hard in contenders. Just considering how many cards just exist in a series run of contenders. Sorry about that. You got Daniel Jones autograph. Sunday ticket signature is 21 out of 49. This could be a big year for Daniel Jones.  That penmanship didn't work out, 21 out of 49. That's for the New York Football Giants, Jerry. Joe, when do you guys find out who goes to the national, like who's on the travel team? Davis Mills, on-card autograph, 3 out of 99, Rookie Roundup Auto for the Texans. That's for Benjamin. I don't think, if that's what you're asking, I don't think we even, I don't know, what month is it? Are we in, I guess we'll probably start figuring that out in two or three months. There's Rookie Ticket Auto, Cornell Powell, on-card autograph for the Chiefs, it'll be for Sam. Arthur, you on the travel team? Varsity travel team? You might get unlicensed train whistle, train whistle shirts, Fongone. Yeah, you should, you guys should hang with us all week long. Then you could sit right across from me and glare at me while I don't pull you hits in a break. Nice. Arthur as head of security, that'd be nice. There's Rookie Ticket Autograph, Chris Evans, that'll be another one for Sean Maddock and the Bengals. Yeah, I mean with the throngs of fans that are going to be there, Arthur, I'm definitely going to need a little extra security. There's Darren Hall for the Falcons, EA with the Dirty Birds. It's fun though, we have over the years, we have had people actually just hang out with us and actually hang out with us and watch our breaks. I wasn't dropping F-bombs at kids. I was dropping F-bombs to Nick about the incompetence of this other team that we were working with, that we had to share a booth with. If you remember that team back in the day, Arthur, that's what I was dropping F-bombs to. They were well deserving of those F-bombs.   Yeah, if you've never been to a National Harry, even if the full team doesn't go, you guys should go just for a quick day trip because you might need two days, it's pretty overwhelming. I would actually, oh, you're actually on vacation that week in Ocean City in years and that's about 15 minutes away. That's perfect because I was going to say, you probably want to start locking in some sort of, especially if you're going to be there a night or two, that you really should start thinking about lodging and getting that squared away early on because all the hotels there obviously know that there's a big convention in town. So those rooms may fill up fast or get expensive pretty quickly. We got Greg Rousseau, great defensive end for the Buffalo Bills, Roy with the Bills. But yeah, if you've got lodging squared away, the most common thing I hear, oh by the way, Roy, Buffalo, like Buffalo Gold at Atlantic City. From the first timers, I always hear that one day is too short, especially if you have to rush through the, you can't really, you can't really like admire. It's not the quarterback Jonathan was looking for, but Jonathan, there's Ian Book, rookie ticket autograph. A lot of people say that one day is too short to walk through the whole, to walk through the whole thing. Everyone's like, it's not enough time. I barely saw anything. Even two days I feel like is not enough. You might need three full days out of 99 super natural, spooky Trevor Lawrence. See if he can create some magic this year. New coach, Sean Maddock with the Jags, Presley Harvind III, rookie ticket autograph, punter autograph, going to Sean Maddock with the Steelers. Sean, you just put this one away in a drawer and you just hope that he becomes a hall of fame punter. Then you take that back out. He's back. He's in the AFC West. Rookie ticket, cracked ice autograph, Ernest Brown IV, 14 out of 21. That's going to go to the Rams. Brian Ashley, won that spot in the filler redemption. Good luck. It's Penae Sewell, rookie ticket autograph, Leo with the Lions, with the big Penae Sewell. That guy might be a hall of fame. That offensive lineman might be a hall of fame or by the time his career is done. Yeah, the cracked ice has always looked really sharp. Oliver likes it too. Two boxes to go in this half case break. Remember the next half of contenders is from a fresh case. Contenders number, we're doing six right now. So contenders number seven on jazpeascasebreaks.com, half case from a fresh case. Yeah, you got to play it. I mean, there's 12 autographs left. That's a lot. Six in each box. Hopefully no points. There you go. Good luck, everybody. All right. We got Jonathan Cooper, playoff ticket autograph, 49 out of 99. My rival is the Broncos. That's going to go to Nick Galvin, who won that team in the filler break. Harry, so again, the national virgin, Virginia. You can bring cards to sell, I'm assuming, yes. So there'll be hundreds, if not a couple thousand, nice Elijah Mitchell, he had a nice seat. That's a great autograph for the Niners. That'll be for Bruce. There you go, Bruce. Bruce was at the national last time we went to New Jersey. We're going to figure out who the travel team is going to be this year. I don't know what scale or scope. It's a little bit more difficult to go all the way across country. So we don't know what the size or scope of our operation is going to be, but I think we should have a presence there. Here's another Bronco, Javante Williams for Nick Galvin. But yeah, I'm not going to... Now if we were like the national, and all that information on the way, I'd be like, come on, just look at the website. But yeah, there are thousands of dealers that are there. All the major companies will be there to do, and they'll have giveaways and prizes and stuff like that. Thousands of dealers who are buying and selling cards. Anything from like, there's Marshall Fock chain movers to 99, and we got another Ernest Brown the fourth for the Rams, for Brian. So yeah, people bring suitcases, huge flight cases or backpacks full of stuff. Some people even bring like fancy flight cases, which are actually kind of, especially with the way the values of cards are now these days, protects it from sticky hands. But yeah, a lot of people, and if you get there early in the week enough, PSA is on site. So if you get there early enough, and those submissions fill up really quickly, but if you get to the national early enough, and do like the preview day thing, blah, blah, blah, you can probably get your cards graded and slapped for you by the end of the week. All right, redemption is another Panay Sul. So Lions, Leo, you're starting your Panay Sul personal collection, PC, whether you intended to or not. I almost wrote Phoenix on you because I was reading what author was saying. You're having a card show in a couple of weeks here in Phoenix and have like 350 plus vendors. Last box. We're going to a card show. Well, that Phoenix card show is probably going to, what's the, what are the dates on? Is that before the Mint card show in Vegas? I guess it's far enough away where it won't step on each other, but we're going to the the Mint collective show in Las Vegas, if anybody wants to say hi to us there, especially if you're within driving distance or you just want to hop on a quick flight. Sure, there's tons of flights from any major airport to Las Vegas. So what else is there at the national? So tons of dealers. There's some group breakers that end up there. Although the last couple of years, I've just, I've not been too familiar with it. The breakers that have been there. Oh, interesting. That's like, those are the exact dates for the Mint card collective show. I wonder why they would schedule like that. Oh, you know what? That Mint show wasn't originally supposed to be late March. I think because of the, the Omicron scare. It was supposed to be in late January, but they push it a couple months. That's why, because I was like, they wouldn't, like, why would the Phoenix show do it the same, do it the same weekend? But that makes sense now. That's probably why, because the Mint show was moved. Is that Arthur, is that like a regular show? What's the, what's the deal? Are the, it's like a monthly, every other month kind of situation. First month points. We'll randomize that to one person in the break. We got a Peyton Turner rookie ticket autograph. This year's the first year they're doing. Are you going to go? Give us a scouting report if you do. We've got a Remandry Stevenson rookie ticket on-card autograph for the Patriots. Sean Maddock with the Pats. We've got a Rook of the Year contender, 47 out of 99 for Ryan and the Jets. Oh, they're going to have autograph signings there too, huh? Interesting. There's rookie ticket autograph, Ben Mason. That'll be for the Patriots actually. I'll say here in the small print signed by the Patriots. That's another one for Sean. And we got playoff ticket, playoffs. Playoffs? 72 out of 99, Ashton Dullin. And that's Sean Maddock with the Colt. He won that. There you go, Harry. Yeah, always think of the good times when you have a bad break. All right, gang. Let's do a couple randomizers here. And then I'll do a quick recap. So let's go back to random.org. We'll first do the left-right randomizer, and then everyone has a shot at the points. I don't think there's any other randomizers here right now. That's it. So one dice roll for both lists. It's going to be five and a four, nine times. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. After nine, left side. So all the left side cards will get these round numbers cards. All right, five and a four, nine times. 400 points for the name on top. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. After nine points are going to go to Brian Ashley. So there you go. 400 points for Brian. So that's going to go your way. And a quick recap. Pneu Sewell. Pneu Sewell again. Trevor Lawrence in 99. Davis Mills, Daniel Jones, Tommy Tremble. This is Joe Burrow to 199. Nick Bolton. And there you have it. I'm Joe for jaspeaskasebrakes.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Hello, thank you for joining me, I'm out in the Pleasant countries I'd say, you've probably gathered where I might be going, you've just heard a whistle. We're near the village of Shenton, it's the first transport to come to the village, what's the aspect of the Zuche canal? Just over there now, the towpath is on that side of the canal, so can't walk along the towpath. However, I'm on station road which comes from the village, the village is that way, and we're going to go to a railway station, now you already know going by the sound of the whistle at the beginning of the video that we're at Heritage Railway, today we've come to the battlefield railway, it's a railway I've always wanted to go to and today they've got a hall class locomotive running, number 6989 Whittaker Whitewick Hall. I have had this locomotive haulage before, she was at Quainton most of 2019 where she was restored, I thought it'd be nice to have her now on a bit of a longer section of track, I mean I do really like Quainton, the bottom she railways into, but it's more of a day out to see lots of different locus rather than go for a long train ride, so here we are, we're just coming up the stations there in front of us, sounds like the train is going to go soon, so I'm going to have to buy my ticket and get on the two o'clock departure for a run up the line to Shenton, now the reason the railways called the battlefield railways, because it runs near where the Battle of Bosworth happened all those years ago, that's the plan for another day, I think I'm going to come to this area online, just go for a nice walk and we'll go and find the field of the Battle of Bosworth, but today we're going to move up to a very nice station building, you can see the smoking, it's steaming distance, smoking is easy, the steam locomotive, very attractive to stay from the building, I'm going to go in through those doors and we're going to go and have our train ride behind Whitewick Hall, probably unusual for a great western locomotive, they probably wouldn't really have come here in steam days, but still it's nice, that's how preservation is, you get all sorts of unusual locos turning up in different places, so here we go into the booking hall, it's quite nice, bigger room and I should buy my ticket from there in a moment, I'm just going to go out here onto the platform, it's just nice, it's just like a tube room, food's nice as well, and then we should wander up here, we can see our train, so it's actually fairly quick, so I'll buy my ticket and we I'm going to get on this one, but they're watering at the moment, so I've got about 10 minutes before the train goes, I'll show you the locomotive that we're going to travel behind, just to the viewing area, I think we'll do that afterwards, but I think I'll buy my ticket and have my train ride, a very enjoyable trip through the countryside, we've now arrived at Shenton, the hall has just run round her train, so she's just up there waiting to couple to the carriage to take us back to Shakerston, the railway once carried on that way in the direction of Dunn-Eaton, maybe one day they'll reopen it and connect it up to the main line, that'll be nice, there's some kind of excursions off the national network, so here I just want to show you one thing, this is a car park, it's mainly for people going to visit the site of the Battle of Boswell, what they've done, it's quite nice to book a toilet book in the style of a railway station, even though we can see there's a waiting shelter just up there, no longer park the railway, and the old station ticket office is just over there, so we're going to have a look at that in a minute, so quite an attractive building really for a toilet block and built to look like a railway station, so that's for the Battle of Boswell, which I'm sure many of you have heard of, famous time in Tudor history, that battle took place just over the fields over there, so we're not actually going to go there on this video because I haven't really got time and we will go there in the next video, it's definitely going to be coming because the local is up there, coming to the carriages, so you can see where the line ends, and it's a foot path now in that direction, so perhaps one day we'll come here on foot and we'll walk on the old railway and have a look at that, so I'm going to show you the, that's the station building and one other thing I'll have to show you, because we're here, is a battle hat because we're near to the Battle of Bosworth, if you look it's not far away, two kings one day, battle, no it's Bosworth, battle field heritage centre, so it's 15 minutes walk away, so I think that's something we might come and do another time, we could come here on the train and go there, but I'm not sure when, here's the station building, so half of it is the ticket office, the other half is the glass making, you can actually make glass, which is quite an interesting use for an old station, you can have a quick look, so this is all the glass and sail, which they've made, and if you look behind me, you can see the glass kins over there, there's too much of that old glass, which looks very interesting, I'm now gonna go and get back on the train and travel back, before I get on the train, I think I just want to tell you this station building, I just went and had a look inside, it came from Humberston Road in Leicester, so they actually dismantled the station, which is quite common on houses, they dismantled the whole station building and rebuilt it here at Shenton, on my second round trip, rather than going all the way to Shenton again, just so I could film the loco department, which of course I will put those shots in, because she looked really good, she pulled it out of here, she made a lot of noise, we've heard her whistle then, so I've got a bit of time, the train goes to Shenton and back and of course it means it's another station I've visited, now this one's quite interesting at Shenton, I said about how the station building came from Leicester, Humberston Road, well what's happened here, the station building is intact, but it's now appears to be a garage where they sell cars, so the station building's over there and they've got a platform just on this side, so it's not, there is, no it's not quite a passing loop, if you look up there the track's not connected, they've got a siding and it's purely a siding, so trains can't pass here, here's a little tea room, it's closed now because this will be the last train back to Shenton, we'll just have a wander up here, I'll show you the old market Bosworth station building, town market Bosworth is about half an hour or so in all these wagons, there we have the old market Bosworth station building, very similar to the one at Shakerston, a big car park, there's a good shaggy campark here, the thing I quite like, it's nothing to do the railway, it's an old Sierra state park there on the platform, so after now I've got away from my train, wondering about grading, it sits 1,440 towards Shenton and at the moment it's level towards Shakerston but the grading does vary slightly in both ways, so here we are from market Bosworth station, I'm now going to wait for my train back to Shakerston, here we are we're back at Shakerston, it's dusk now, we've had a couple of round trips up and down battlefield line, had a great afternoon, so if you ever are in the Midlands area then do call in and visit the battlefield railway, have a trip up and down, it's a great railway, interesting ride and if you have a bit more time you could go and see the site of Battle of Bosworth which I'm going to come and do at some point in the future, so thank you very much for watching and thank you to Battlefield Line for a great afternoon and please do feel free to like, subscribe, tell your friends, etc, thank you very much for watching, goodbye.


We're gonna give you 10 reasons why Asians have money, but no power in America. Now, although we can all agree that media representation for Asians has gotten better over the past few years, I think we can all agree it is still disproportionately small for what the Asian buying power is in America. So we're gonna give you 10 reasons why Asians have money, but no power. And then at the end of it, we're gonna give you five things that Asians can do to help this or improve our situation. So number one, Andrew. Asians only make up 6.3% of the American population despite the heavy concentration in major coastal cities. Now, entertainment is largely this, Andrew. It's graduates from the Northeast moving to LA to make content for Arkansas. So theoretically, if they're making content in New York and LA, even though the Asian population is like 10 to 12%, they still have to cater it to somebody in Arkansas, which sort of leaves us out of at least national media that isn't hyper-local.


Very rainy and damp December evening here in Jerusalem. I'm just walking home And I decided to call in to the YMCA because they have a Christmas tree that was just lit up last week So the YMCA does exist in Jerusalem. It is a hotel. It's a gym And most notably I guess for the very very small Christian community here There are Palestinian Christians and there's also of course just Christians living in Jerusalem where they're temporarily as visitors There's clergy in the city and the YMCA have a Christmas market They also have a Christmas tree lighting and they have other events around the Christmas period So we're just going to go in and check out their Christmas tree and the lighting today


The last point I wanted to make, and this is an important point that you must make to all your students, that the programs which we write are read not only by compilers but also by programmers and other human beings. Therefore, while it is important to write syntactically correct statements which are read and handled by the compiler, it is also important to write our statements in a way in which other human readers can read and understand our programs. That is the reason why programs are expected to be intended properly to distinguish various blocks within the program and that is why the programs must have commands. In fact, this habit should be inculcated in your students right from day one. Any program that is written for example, even a file in program but if it is written without a command should be actively discarded by you saying that no this is not the way to write the programs. So, to make that point, this is the slide which said you should include extra description or commands to help other programmers figure out the logic. There are two styles available. The traditional style in C is the second style slash star followed by a command followed by star slash. This command can expand over multiple lines. The first style shown here is a later style first introduced in C plus plus and also available in C. You put slash slash everywhere within this line and from that point up to the end of line the whole part is taken as command. So, to conclude one must encourage students to write commands and good commands in every program which they write. There is another important notion in the assignment which students find it difficult to understand and therefore it must be emphatically clarified to all students. The notion is that of reassignment. The reassignment notion says that if I have declared an integer variable such as m and I give a value m equal to 5, later on in my program I said something like m equal to 3 into m plus 1, then sometimes the student get confused. It is important to tell them that this is a reassignment statement. You will recall that one of the participants was asking a question about LHS and RHS. Perhaps this is the point where to explain that this is not an equation. In fact, you can state that if the value of m is 5 and if this was to be treated as a equation by our Dumbo or our computer, we will get a mathematically absurd result. For example, this would simplify to 0 equal to 2 star m plus 1 and for no value of m this equation can ever be satisfied. Therefore, this is not an equation at all. Consequently, we must emphasize that the computer interpretation of this instruction is not to treat it as an equation because it is not an equation but to treat it as comprising of two parts. One part on the right half equal to symbol and another part which is the left half equal to symbol. We must emphasize that the right hand part is actually the computational part which contains an expression. That expression is evaluated by the machine using the precedence that we have defined and a single value is obtained and subsequently that value replaces this entire expression. If m is equal to 5, this value will be 5 into 315 plus 1 which is 16. Consequently first, this entire instruction is reduced to m equal to 16. So, there are two parts to this instruction. One is the evaluation of right hand side expression and the second is assignment of that value to the left hand side. It so incidentally happens that left hand side is m. This reassignment is an extremely frequently used operation particularly inside iteration loops and therefore students must be very clear about what this means. Let me now consider repetition or iteration where I said such reassignment is extremely important. This is that I am discussing iteration without explicitly talking about the conditional execution of statements. Curiously enough, people who are non-programmers find it intuitively easier to understand iteration than conditional branching and execution because it involves stepping out of some of the statements which are not required to be executed based on certain condition being made and so on. Whereas iteration is a more intuitive concept which most people understand as repeatedly doing something. The iteration is most cleanly specified in C using the FOR statement if the iteration is for a specific number of times such as for example finding out the factorial of a number or sum of natural numbers and so on. The exact technical specification of a FOR statement is explained through this particular format. Incidentally, this may not be the format that you would like to introduce to your students for the first time. However, whenever you explain the FOR loop or FOR iteration whether after discussing the conditional or independently as I am doing now it will be useful to define this particular syntax as a generic syntax at some place. It says FOR xxx semicolon yyy semicolon zzz semicolon sorry not semicolon back at close and then followed by www. What is important here is to indicate that xxx is a statement or a set of statements. www is a set of statements yyy is a condition and zzz is again a set of statements. I have another slide which explains what exactly it does but it cleanly specifies a number of iterations. For example, if you want to iterate some action from 1 to n or from 0 to n minus 1 you can use a FOR loop and all that you can tell people is as long as the program is executing up one after another instructions here the moment it comes here it suddenly stops going forward till it has iterated around this body www and after the iteration is complete as per the specification which we shall see in a moment then only it goes to the next statement. This is very useful in numerical computing which we can explain through an example. So here is an example to find the sum of n natural numbers I start with sum equal to 0 I define a integer variable i which will change over the summation and the value n where I want to find out the sum of first n natural numbers the way the sum of n natural numbers is defined if n is say 5 then sum is equal to 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus 4 plus 5 if n is 28 it is 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus 4 plus 5 etcetera plus 27 plus 20 here since the value of n is not known I cannot write explicit instructions to carry the calculate this sum because an expression requires specific variables specific constants etcetera this cannot be done because n is unknown so this is where I use an iteration so look at this iteration here I start with sum equal to 0 then I ask the computer to iteratively execute this reassignment statement sum is equal to sum plus I if I have some fixed value say 5 or 7 or 0 or 1 then it will keep adding the same thing to sum however if I change the value of I and this is what this for instruction does it's initiates I to 1 with that it executes sum equal to sum plus I after checking whether I still less than n it goes back again and keeps doing this after incrementing the value of I by 1 as is shown by this reassignment so please note there are two implicit two reassignments in this one is an implicit reassignment as a part of the for specification and the other is the reassignment as a part of the action board you will all agree that this will calculate the sum of n natural numbers I find this slide to be technically quite rigorous accurate and adequate to finally explain exactly what are the rules governing the execution of any for statement so here is the syntax for for statement for xxx semicolon yy by semicolon zzz followed by in process www here are the various steps which are written here as 0 1 2 3 4 to indicate what exactly happens the first thing it says execute xxx when you reach the statement in your program this must be an assignment statement called loop initialization immediately after that it says evaluate condition yyy so it should be a valid condition later on in this session we shall quickly see what are the valid conditions but you already know that comparing a and b b and c or whatever for equality less than greater than here the comparison typically that we saw in the last example was whether I was less than n so this is called a loop test whenever you examine a condition the condition may be true or it may be false if it is true the action statement says continue with step if it is false execution of the for statement ends and you go back to the step after this that is you go to the statement after the for statement somewhere here so to recapitulate when the for statement is encountered first xxx is executed then the condition yyy is evaluated if the condition yyy is true you go to statement level 2 if not you terminate and get out what is that level 2 level 2 says execute www this is the loop body in short if this condition is true you go to loop body if this condition is false you skip the loop body and get out of the for statement after executing this www you do not fall out of for loop but you execute zzz which is called the loop increment notice that we had i equal to i plus 1 in the previous example after executing the loop increment it says continue from one and one is evaluate the condition this is exactly how the iteration is defiled you will notice that www is shown as a group of statements in the process much before that you would have indicated to your students that an opening brass and closing brass can contain any number of statements and all of them are considered as a single equivalent of a single statement by the c compiler so wherever a single statement is permitted you can actually use this in fact in the loop body if you had a single statement you could have simply written that statement here after these bracket and put a semicolon so that single statement would have been executed as loop body for as many times as the iteration requires again conditions can be stipulated in C by using a notion of a operation b where a and b are any values they could be expressions in themselves or they could be constant values or simply variables the op is the comparison operator the standard comparison operators permitted in C are less than greater than less than equal to greater than equal to equal equals stands for equal to and exclamation mark equal to stands for not equal to this is a peculiar notation unfortunately designed by the early developers of C programming language so we can change it it is very very important to tell students to use equal equal whenever they mean a comparison between two values because a single equal is a symbol of assignment and that could lead to many of predicaments and wrong programs so equal equal is equal to exclamation mark equal is not equal to we can of course combine these conditions such that we can sell a less than b or a greater than 0 and a less than equal to 9 so and and or which are the logical conjunction and disjunction respectively are again indicated by using a double e occurring symbol you have to say and and and you have to use a vertical bar twice to denote or this is again a idiosyncrasy of C there is no reason or justification that is it that is how it is and that is how we have to use you could define these condition evaluation mechanism by the way ahead of time indicating very clearly that whenever a comparison operation is done the value is either 0 or non-zero defining a false or true value I will now rush through some of these slides because these slides give you some very good examples with which to describe to your students some nuances of computational processes and computing something useful in different domains you will remember that there was an exercise to calculate logarithm of a number this particular example shows how natural logarithm can be calculated using Riemann integral which is nothing but finding out summation of small rectangles defined under the curve to calculate the area under the curve we state here that we want to solve this problem please note that natural logarithm of a is defined as integral 1 by x dx from 1 to a so since computer cannot integrate it must use arithmetic operations and mathematically this integral is equivalent to the area under the curve fx equal to 1 by x the area from 1 to a if we approximate this area by small rectangles why because it is easier to calculate the area of a rectangle so if I have said 2000 rectangles then by summing up the area of these 2000 rectangles I can correctly reasonably correctly estimate the value of log a here are some examples for example calculating some of areas of all rectangles between 1 and a this diagram shows that I have drawn large number of rectangles starting from 1 up to a so you see this is the first rectangle this is the second rectangle the characteristic of each rectangle is that the height of rectangle is the value of this function 1 by x at the point at which I am drawing this rectangle so at this point 1 the height is 1 at next point depending upon how many rectangles I have so let's have to calculate the area between 1 and a then a minus 1 is this total wealth so if I say 500 or 100 rectangles a minus a by 100 will be this wealth so once I know the wealth and the height the height incidentally is 1 by x since at 1 1 by x is 1 this height will also be 1 at other points it will be different this actually is a good way to show your first year students how to calculate integral of 1 by x fx and thereby how to calculate similar integrals later on by using numerical computations so this goes on to further illustrate that what I want to do is to calculate the area of any one rectangle and then keep doing similar calculations for all the rectangles under this curve so if I take an arbitrary rectangle the width of that rectangle will be same as the width of all other rectangles and that width is a minus 1 by n if there are n rectangles totally in this particular angle so if I divide the interval between 1 to a into n intervals I will have n rectangles each with a wealth a minus 1 by n if I multiply this wealth by the height of this rectangle I will get area of this rectangle and if I have a computation done similarly for all the rectangles then summing them up I will get the value of the area under this curve and therefore the value of the logarithm the x coordinate of the ith rectangle will actually be the value of 1 upon x so x is equal to 1 plus i minus 1 into w observe how this is done this is one that total number of rectangles or m this is ith rectangle the first rectangle x coordinate is one the second rectangle x coordinate is 1 plus w the third rectangle begins at x which is 1 plus 2 w and so on so in general x coordinate of ith rectangle is 1 plus i minus 1 w why are we interested in finding out x coordinate because that will permit us to determine the y coordinate which is nothing but 1 by x notice that we already know the wealth if we know the height which will be 1 upon x for that particular rectangle we know the area so this is what is shown here the height of ith rectangle which is this point is nothing but 1 by x and since x we have determined in the last diagram this is equal to 1 upon this value once we know this height into w is actually the area of this rectangle and now we can use the powerful concept of iteration to start with the first rectangle calculate its area add it to some sum then to go to the next rectangle add its area to the sum go to the third rectangle and so on essentially then how many rectangle should we choose well the answer is more the merrier so suppose we choose thousand rectangles now the total width of rectangles is a minus 1 therefore the width of each rectangle of thousand is a minus 1 by thousand the x coordinate of the left side of the ith rectangle is this and height of the ith rectangle is this we have already seen this in the diagram why am I repeating this for you I would like to humbly suggest that drawing some diagrams to explain this mathematical concept of estimating area of a triangle under a curve goes a long way to easily explain to our students what exactly we are talking about if we just write these expressions they are mathematically correct description of the situation however many students are not able to perceive how exactly this height is calculated or this is calculated and therefore I will repeat we go back to the previous diagrams first we show that these are the rectangles whose sum of areas we want to calculate then we show that for any one particular rectangle the width is constant which is this then we show how to calculate the x coordinate of ith rectangle then we show that the function is 1 by x and therefore height can be calculated using this and now we rewrite all these values that we have so far obtained in mathematical or equation form by first deciding that we have say thousand rectangles then these will be the width and this will be the height etc. please note that if this thousand is replaced by some number n which is a variable then the width will be simply a minus 1 by n given this a program to compute logarithm then becomes very simple notice that this first part of the program is as I had shown earlier are my own definitions of macros which are not really required if you are using scan f and print f in your actual program you can do that but this might simplify the situation the program itself is very simple this is the program I define an integer i I define a floating point value x I start with area equal to 0 I define a variable w and now I get the value of x this program calculates log of x and not log of a to that extent this program does not match the explanation given I am sorry for that you should either change that a to x or you should change this x to a but with this small problem corrected you will notice how elegant and simple the whole program is I first start with the 0th rectangle I calculate the w I am dividing it into thousand rectangles as I said for i equal to 1 to thousand I calculate the area is w into the height which is given by that formula which is again in the terms of w and I so far I rectangle I get this I added to this area as per the rule of the for loop once this is executed I do not get out but I go and execute this particular statement which increases I by 1 and when it increases I by 1 I becomes 2 which is still less than equal to thousand so I come back again and this time this particular equation is evaluated with I equal to 2 and then with I equal to 3 and then with I equal to 4 and so on these are nothing but some kind of tricky equivalent of the print a statement which will print the value properly those of you are interested can try executing this program on your machines and you will get exactly the kind of result that you would expect in fact I do not know whether that assignment is there in your assignment it would be useful to compile this using say thousand rectangles hundred rectangles ten thousand rectangles and find out at what point you stop getting any better accuracy for the computations and that would be that the reason would again be the kind of misbehavior of the floating point representation of numbers these are some notes to represent the same computations in a slightly different way here is a consolidation numerical and string data is represented like this backslash m should be explained to the students in terms of all the backslashes backslash t for tab etc. Constant values are written like this by us see stores these in an internal format numerical values have an associated type into long float double etc. Memory location names are called variables must be predefined and must be associated with data types each instruction of our program can ordinarily convey any one of the three actions assignment input output the assignment is either sum equal to a plus b kind a complex expression or a reassignment increment is a special form of reassignment this question was asked by one of the participants so count equal to count plus one is a reassignment which increases the value of count but this can also be stated as count plus equal to one in fact this is a generic expression I can write a star equal to b which means I have to multiply the existing value of a by b so what is the arithmetic operator here that operates upon the left hand side itself as an operand and the right hand side of course the expression is evaluated and the final result is allocated to count more simply you can write this without any assignment statement as plus plus count or count minus count plus plus both have different interpretation this one first increments count and then uses its value this one you the second one uses the value of count in whatever expression and after uses increments its value these are unfortunately and quite unnecessarily according to me very tricky things and they have been perhaps defined by the original C programming designers C programming language designers as a means of shortcut these also translate more easily into natural machine instructions which have specific instructions to increment and decrement counters registers memory locations and so on however in terms of understanding of our computer programs unless you are very comfortable with whatever is happening I would recommend usage of a standard assignment statement of this type input output instructions in C are not natural there is no harm in agreeing to this to all your students right at the beginning saying that input output operation which is important from a human perspective is not naturally done in C and that is why you need these functions that is because the original designers of C programming language were never interested in providing any input output statement these were implemented as functions later on today you have a large standard input output library and we shall discuss the input output functions in greater details later suffice it to say that these are handled through special functions and depending upon the sequencing of your lectures you would have either introduced printf scanf earlier or you can use such artificially defined macros and differ the discussion of scanf printf functions to a later date I think we have 10 minutes and we may wait for some interaction so what I will do is like a movie show I will go through the remaining slides and I will leave it to you to read them understand them and raise any questions please do that in your spare time before or after your lab and if you have any questions please make sure you send an email to workshop support because it is the image that I will get if you have any questions on this but I hope that most of you will understand the contents of these slides they merely give two examples the second one is more difficult to understand it is not intuitive because of the way the example has been stated in the form of some historical sort of revolutions are done by Indian mathematics first one okay I am sorry I am sorry this is an important point again I will leave this because all of you are familiar with conditional execution so here I am saying that once you examine conditions you can actually execute either one set of statements or another set of statements but not both this is standard stuff you will typically use flowcharts to explain this what is important here is to say that group of statement one and group of statement two could be a single statement in which case it could be written without the process but you should tell your students always to write the process so that later on any modification does not change the nature of execution so this is where you want to use conditional execution for example if a ticket is given to an adult at a different price and half the price for a child then after reading age how do you calculate the value of ticket if you just write these two statements one after another then only last one will have impact you cannot write one because then you will have to write one program to calculate the ticket for a child and another program to calculate the ticket for an adult that is where the conditional statement or conditional execution is required and you can easily state that this problem can be solved if I say if age less than 12 a greater than 12 then ticket is 25 rupees 50 by say as ticket is 12 rupees 75 this simple example can be used to convey the essence of conditional execution however you can use this simple example itself to extend to what is known as a if else ladder in see what is that ladder suppose children are given ticket as 1275 elders are given ticket as 2550 but sorry the the grown ups which is non children are given tickets at 2550 but suppose a bus company has a rule that if you are more than 60 years old such as I am for example I am entitled for a special concession and I am charged only rupees 20 not 25.50 now how do I do this computation further you can introduce the notion of if else if ladder so you can say if age greater than 60 ticket is 20 else if age is greater than 12 ticket is this else ticket is this this kind of else if ladder is used very routinely by most programmers and professional programmers care has to be taken to emphasize that the sequence in which these conditions are checked are written properly otherwise if a condition which is valid always is written at the end then even if some intermediate condition is valid and that statement is done you will miss out on the computations correctly it is also important to indicate because you will be required to teach people the switch statement the switch statement is considered by many as an alternative to if else if ladder however professional programmers who develop real world applications where the application software or c programs have to be read by other programmers do not prefer switch statement they prefer an if else if ladder this is a matter of choice you can use either one but if else and if else if else are the two prominent structures by which to control the flow of execution of the statements in your program. Now as I said I will quickly have a slide show of slides but you can read all of these these will be uploaded on the Moodle and will also be made to the co-ordinators so here is an example of repetitive actions which calculates the factorial there was a query from one of the centers what will be the largest number for which the factorial can be calculated the correct answer is the largest number n for which the factorial can be calculated is such n for which the factorial is larger than the largest number that is representable on the machine since the largest number representable on the machine itself is implementation dependent the value for n for which you can correctly calculate the factorial will depend upon whether your c program has been compiled using turbo c GNUC whether the compiler is working on 16 bit machine 32 bit machine or 64 bit machine it is useful to find out what their dependency is however it is obvious that since the factorial grows very rapidly you cannot find out a factorial for very large number for example calculating factorial 100 factorial 50 etc etc is completely ruled out but I will leave it to you to figure out what is the maximum value of n for which you can calculate factorial and then I will leave it to you to start thinking about how to calculate factorial 100 or how to calculate factorial 50 a problem that shall be posed as an exercise first and the solution will be provided in this workshop itself at a later day this is a very interesting problem Hemchandra problem where he said that if you want to build a wall of 8 feet length and if you have bricks which are either 2 feet or 1 feet then in how many ways I can lay the bricks so that I fill the 8 feet the number of ways in which you can lay the bricks actually these are the possibilities you will observe that all these possibilities will have the last brick as either 2 or 1 and this fact was observed by Hemchandra in a context of a musical problem which led to the discovery of a beautiful series which is known to all of us in a different way the actual problem was designing a poetic meter with 8 beats the meter is made of short syllabus and long syllabus so short syllabus is 1 beat long syllabus is 2 beats now how many ways are there of filling up these 8 bits was the query that here this is an example of a poetic meter by the way the entire set of slides on the Hemchandra problem have been created by my colleague Professor Abhiram the other day when he taught this course last time I found this very interesting and exciting and therefore I have included it here so here is a poetic meter for a fairly well known a shloka kundan dutushar ahara davala you will notice that the beats are long and short the issue mathematical issue is how many ways are there to filling up these 8 bits with long and short syllabus and Hemchandra's answer is very interesting he says by the method of Pingala it is enough to observe that the last beat is long or short and if you observe this you can actually calculate the number of ways in which these 8 bits can be constructed there are two important points to be made here and that is why I am spending time on this slide first of all Pingala was a mathematician poet from 500 AD today we are in AD 2000 so he lived 1500 years ago it is important to observe that Hemchandra is giving credit to someone who lived hundreds of years before him so Pingala was the one who first discovered this method of finding out the solution and then Hemchandra applied it let us go back to the last slide to the actual problem of finding out how many ways in which these beats can fill up the 8 bits the next few slides indicate how Hemchandra evolved that solution using the method of Pingala which Pingala's method simply stated that it is adequate to observe whether last bit is longer short so here is the solution if S is a class of 8 bit patterns with short last bit and L is the class of 8 bit patterns with long last bit then each 8 bit pattern is in class L or classes and we count these classes you can find out the total number of ways it so happens that we have a recursive solution these slides maintain mention that solution this slide explains algebraically how do you represent the number of patterns in a recursive fashion so if you know for example H6 and H7 you can calculate H8 but to calculate H7 you need H6 and H5 and so on in general this is the formula you will all notice that this formula is actually a representative of a fairly well known series this is the algorithm idea of how to calculate first H1 then H2 knowing H1 and H2 how to calculate H3 knowing H3 and H2 how to calculate H4 and so on right up to H8 and in fact beyond but what is important is you would have all realized going back to the previous slide that in general if this is the recursive formula to calculate Hn then this is a well known series the program for that series is as simple as this I read the integer number n I set a previous value to 1 current value to 2 these are the first 2 H1 and H2 and then for 3 onwards up to n I simply add previous and current to get the H next however before going over to the next iteration I reset previous and H current to H next and H previous respectively which is done through these assignment statements and as you would have guessed this is nothing but a Fibonacci series this code is tricky so you put a comment at the beginning how do you prove that you get the right values we this is just a small proof that is given here what is important is that there is a proof by induction why am I showing all of this here is an important point telling your students that this is how you can iterate is one way of explaining how iteration works but telling your students why iteration is important should need a use of good examples if you see the numerical computational examples that we saw calculating of log logarithm of n and another computation which follows these slides that will explain the purpose of using iteration more clearly this particular problem of Fibonacci series explains that recursive problems can also be solved iterating subsequently we shall discuss the notion of iteration recursion and show both the advantages and pitfalls but an additional point that is being scored here through this example why I like this example is to illustrate the fact that the Indian heritage in mathematical discoveries is quite superior and most of us have forgotten about it it is useful for example to remind people that first you are getting mathematics from poetry here second that the series is very interesting and it shows the number of petals in flowers etc or ratio of consecutive terms tend to a limit which is nothing but a series called Fibonacci numbers and professor Ranade observes that him chandra lived long before Fibonacci so this also proves a point a subtle point that while we use maths developed elsewhere in the world it is not that we do not have adequate mathematical heritage perhaps this point is not important from a computer programming point of view but for every Indian student it will touch a chord somewhere if you use this or similar examples in your illustrations another example of illustrating iteration is the Newton-Raphson method as I said I will go very quickly over these slides without reading them this method essentially depends upon your ability to calculate f of x and f dash x the example given here tries to find out the square root of k through an iterative mechanism and how to get a better estimation of the next value once you have an initial estimate so you have an initial estimate x i from which you determine the value of the initial point is x i point x i comma 0 which is point a then you calculate f of x i which gives you the point b then you sort of draw a tangent at that point and you find out the intercept on x axis which will give you the x i plus 1 and you continue doing that till your x i plus 1 approaches the actual 0 of the function which will give you f of x as 0 so since the tangent can be drawn using f dash x i or the derivative that is the reason why you should know why the how the derivative is to be computed anyway I will not go through the details but the subsequent slides tell you how to calculate the square root and this is the code for calculating the square root there is another way where you can put the entire computation inside the for loop itself I personally don't like this code because there is no computation within the for body the body itself is located inside the for state it's a very interestingly and a tricky way of doing things but it is interesting so you can show this to your students however please do not recommend this kind of programming to be done whenever people write proficient program but this is an interesting way there is another way yet so there are multiple ways in which you could code a numerical problem this is what is to be stated here there is also a wild statement I will not go through the details all of you are aware of how wild statement works so while condition followed by loop body there is also a similar statement called repeat while and repeat have standard interpretation which can be very easily explained to the students the for loop is perhaps the most difficult to understand because apart from controlling iteration it does variety of other things as well and the last question that needs to be answered is which one should our students use for or why so the answer is if there is a control variable with initial value update rule and whose value distinctly defines each loop iteration use for but if the loop executes for a fixed number of time I am sorry there is a mistake here if the loop executes a fixed number of times use for but if the loop executes based on a condition which may change during the execution you should use why I think I already exceeded my time I will stop at this stage