Thank you very much for joining us. Good morning, if you're in the Americas, plural, particular thanks for those of you who are in Pacific time zones. I know it's extremely early for you, much appreciated that you've made it to this session today. I'm Nick Kind. I'm sorry, I should say good afternoon if you're in the UK. I can see at least one person is in the UK. Vanit and I are in the UK today. And good evening if you are east of the Mediterranean Sea. I'm hoping that some folks have joined us from that part of the world. Really nice to have you all here today. My name's Nick Kind. I'm a senior director at Titan Partners. Titan Partners is a strategy consultancy and investment bank. We work uniquely in the education and human capital management space all over the world. And we spend a fair amount of our time working with impact investors and mission driven philanthropists, particularly around education. We're delighted to be putting together a series of sessions with SoCAP during this virtual event. And this is one of the ones that we've been really looking forward to. So we have hopefully a couple of people, but at the moment, Vanit, to talk about really substantial issue around impact investing in the global south in lower and middle income countries. I'm not going to do too much of an introduction here because Vanit's got quite a lot to say about this. But just a sort of few orders of how we're going to run this session and then we'll get straight into it. We're not going to do extensive introductions. What I will do is say that I'm hoping that Emiliana Vegas is going to join us briefly. In a change to the sort of advertised personnel, Rebecca Winthrop had to, was called into a very high level urgent meeting, but her co-director of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution, Emiliana Vegas, should be joining us shortly. So Rebecca's co-director is coming in who has just as prestigious a CV and some really interesting perspectives on this whole issue. So I'm delighted to welcome her when we can sort out some of those technical issues. I'm not going to do extensive further introductions. Vanit and I will carry on. You will see that my colleague Sarah Gunning is going to post some of our biographies in the chat. And talking of the chat, please feel free to think about questions and indeed ask questions during this session. We're going to reserve the final 15 minutes per session for questions from the audience. And we'd love to have those and do also feel free to introduce yourselves. One of the nice things that we can do in these virtual events is do that. Having said all of that, I'm going to hand over to Vanit who's going to kick this off. And then hopefully we're going to be able to introduce Emiliana. If not, he and I will carry on. Vanit, over to you. Thank you very much. I hope everyone can see and hear me. All right. It's always ominous when when Nix says Vanit has a lot to say. It gives me a few butterflies. Really, I'm just here in the spirit of sharing. I have worked for both grant makers and investors in education done a fair amount of stuff across most parts of the global south. And so these are just sharing some observations. One of the wrinkles of this being a virtual SoCAP is that I can't really ask for a show of hands. So I'm not sure what's the balance between entrepreneurs versus investors versus operators. But regardless of that, I think if you're working in education in any way, you know it's not an easy sector. It is a sector that's actually poised at a very interesting point in time. But easy, it definitely isn't. So I thought I would start and hopefully the technology will work by showing a brief video from Brazil just to remind ourselves and perhaps reinvigorate ourselves as to why we do this. So if you can bear with me, hopefully this will work. It's a really nice video. Yeah, in school it was, for him it was, it was being very little. He was frustrated because he doesn't teach that kind of thing to me. He's crazy and if there's not a lot of argumentation, he doesn't ask anything, he doesn't question anything. It's different here. It's different here, school. What I don't see as a difference is that those who helped me there in the school, they pass and you ask her like this, no, you have to do what you understand. And here they don't even explain it to you. And the method isn't the same. It's the rule. We know how it works. And here it's not different. He puts his ideas, he asks, he cares. And it's something that he never thought I would see. Like, wow, methodology, man. You know, with ten years of age in school, we had a lot. For me, he would never see that. And that event there is wonderful, you know. And I think what I like the most about Alicerce is the way we learn. She had a lot of difficulty, she's in her third year and she didn't know the alphabet, for example. And what they're here for a month or two months, more or less. And she knows. So she hasn't learned until now. They managed to do it. The class I liked the most was programming. We learned to start moving the computer, to create sites, games. That's what we learned. And I see that she's learning, and it's not in a boring way. She says, wow, today we played, and then I learned that. Like I said, for a child to feel pleasure to come and want to come. Because I think that any child, for the most of those things in school, the day goes by. She says, today she won't go. She says, it's good. And not here. They have to feel pleasure to come and participate. I don't know about you. That gets me every time I see it when you see the kids and the reaction. That's actually a very interesting company. It's a company that's you can see is clearly tapping into strong family demand. It's delivering an innovative approach. And that it's clients value. And it's actually responding pretty well to some of the very big challenges that COVID has brought. Now that ought to be enough. You think that would be enough for any company in any sector, but it's not. Education has many challenges. So here are some of the top four challenges I've noticed through my work. One, it's highly polarized. Many, many ideological battles. Lots of people have strong opinions and take sides. Some say the state should be the only provider of education. There should be no role for the private sector. Others take the ideological opposite and say that the fact that hundreds of millions of children are undereducated shows that the state has failed. Two, it's highly incumbent friendly. The large monopolies and oligopolies, public, private, and union that are present in education mean that a company, a startup, can have a pretty tough time within the mainstream sector. Incumbent corporates have cozy relationships. Government sales cycles are long, bureaucratic, typically centralized. Revenue models can be very tough to build and scale. And if you switch to the private school sector, it's often hyperfragmented. In many places, teacher unions are a law unto themselves. It's huge political power and entrenched vested interests. Three, the sector is often highly, not always sensibly regulated. Now, regulation is clearly important and necessary. These are children, right? But regulation too often becomes around process-ticking, inputs requirements, sizes, those sorts of things, not about whether children are actually learning or not. Four, all this leads to a sector where it's very, very difficult to distinguish signal from noise. So most of the stakeholders involved in education, whether they are regulators, companies, politicians, civil servants, civil society, experts, whoever, have actually quite low accountability. There's very little, if any, price of failure for them. The failure, it's typically born by the poor, whose children are let down, right? If the health sector had performed the way education has in terms of soaking up so much government budgets, but delivering such poor outcomes, they would brightly be outraged. But because in education, it's children not learning and that's perhaps more difficult to see, it just gets lost and forgotten, historically. Now, that probably sounds very gloomy, lots of challenges, but actually, I think education and in particular the role of private capital, private sector in education, is poised at a very, very interesting moment right now. And unfortunately, it largely stems from COVID. When the pandemic first started, there were a few, let's call them ideologues, some of them even call themselves philanthropies, but they use a definition of philanthropy that I have never seen in a dictionary, who were happy about the economic pain that poor families were going to be facing, because they realized it was going to be so bad that enrollment in private sector schools would go down. And for them, this was a silver lining, right? And that's a direct quote from one of them. The sad reality is that the distress caused by this virus has been so extreme, though, that all sorts of status quo arrangements, old ideological battles have to be looked at afresh. So what's happening right now is governments are facing a double whammy, tax revenues are going down and need is going up across the board, health, education, social protection jobs. And I do think that old ideologies, old arguments, old social contracts are now both unaffordable and also unjustifiable. So where does this sort of lead to? So a couple of observations are on some of the opportunities that there are in this. Efficacy does something work and equity have always been very important matters. And they have been rightly scrutinized in education debates on public versus private sector. And the picture is mixed here, right? Many claims to private sector outperformance disappear once you factor family characteristics in. But the reality is, and there is high quality evidence that shows that intelligent and subtle regulatory approaches can lead to efficacy and equity gains, which involve the private sector. So there's some fascinating work on report cards in Pakistan that has been coming out of Harvard. There's some emerging evidence from Kenya that's showing that low cost operators there are being more responsive in using better literacy pedagogies. Now throughout all of these, one of the factors that is almost always true is that the private sector is more cost effective. So even if it delivers the same results as the public sector, it does so more cheaply. And I think this is an important thing not to lose sight of when you look now at the fiscal realities facing societies. Another important role for the private sector going forward is innovation. More has to be done with less. And particularly if you want to help the people who are being left behind, the people who are not wealthy enough to be able to bubble, you know, form their own bubbles and look after their families and their children. And so effective innovation, and I really do emphasize the word effective innovation, is crucial. The public system's ability to innovate is often constrained and that's not a criticism. Its primary task is to execute at scale. Non-state organizations can be more agile and that's one of the competitive advantages that they have. Ali Cersei, which is the Brazilian company, is one example of this. It's an innovative after-school model. Some of you may have seen a New York Times report recently about a Botswana nonprofit that's using SMS messages to help learners in lockdown. What that report didn't mention is there's a company called the NASA, a Kenyan company, which has three orders of magnitude more learners. It uses the same approach. It's now in four countries. The government of Rwanda has just taken it into Rwanda. It has over a million users. That's an example of innovation. There's a South African company, a machine learning adaptive company called Siavula, whose technology is so good that Google basically asked them to take the entire Nigerian secondary math curriculum and put it on their platform. So these are examples of some of the ways that the private sector can be doing things to contribute. Each of these three may seem slightly tangential because they're out of school. Ali Cersei is after school. I'm not going to say that. I'm not going to say that. Siavula's ed tech products can be used in school or out of school. Does that mean that there is no role for private sector innovators within the mainstream school system? No. I wouldn't say that at all. It is tougher. The capital and labor costs are higher. But it can be done. I'm sort of conscious. I'm going to be running into my time to speak soon. This is the most exciting school model in the global south. And that's not my words. That's the economist has even described it as such. It's a really interesting school model that uses blended learning technologies to deliver elite private quality education at the same cost per child as a government. So let me hopefully the technology will work. I will show that. And let's see. Our teaching is based on research from around the world and unique learning models that we believe work the best. We're here to revolutionize education in South Africa. So we use revolutionary methods. These models are non-traditional but very effective. Gone are the days of a teacher lecturing to students in front of the room while the kids sit silent and bored. Our learning models are engaging and interactive. We know that every scholar has a different way of learning. So we ensure that they are treated as individuals in class. Personalized learning means everyone learns in a way and at a pace that's most effective for them. These are some of the progressive models we use to give our scholars an all-round education for life. Right. I'm running out of my time. So we started with a video from the B of BRICS and we're ending with a video from the S. This is deliberately being fast and whistle-stop just to give a sense of the challenges and some of the activities and the creativity that innovators and entrepreneurs are responding with. I just conclude by saying that COVID is rightly forcing every society on the planet to look at itself in the mirror. We have to change. Social contracts have to evolve. I think that means the private sector has a role to play. Old ideologies I don't believe serve the disadvantage regardless of where you are on the political spectrum. It's also important that the private sector plays its partner responsible way. So I'm not going to be a market fundamentalist in a booster. It has been as culpable to over-claiming and over-stepping but really it's incumbent on all of us now to try and park some of these old battles and figure out a new, better equilibrium. I'll stop now but hopefully there'll be lots of questions. And I'm Vinnie, thank you. That was great. And I'm delighted that Emiliana's here to join us after the delights of technical fun and games. Emiliana works at the Brookings Institution has huge experience in so many of the issues that Vinnie has been raising and has been looking at them both from an academic and from a very practical point of view as a funder and as a researcher and so much else. So you know what? I'm just going to pass straight to you, Emiliana, to respond to what Vinnie said. Oh, thank you, Nick and Vinnie. Great presentation and really good highlighting the key issues. I am really in a lot of agreement with everything pretty much you've said. I wanted to kind of put an emphasis on a few areas, particularly given the audience. So you mentioned that if health had the same outcomes, it would be in much more trouble than education. And we'd like to say that education is an assignment crisis because it really is as grave as the deaths we're seeing from COVID, the learning losses, the earnings losses that are going to result from the learning crisis that even before COVID, but now with COVID has just been exacerbated and accelerating the inequality, you know, so kids and poor communities are really being so hard hit by this. So, you know, I think we all need to also recognize and push our societies to recognize that education, you know, that the loss in learning and the poor outcomes that we have been seeing and are now exacerbating is a critical problem for us to make progress. And then I really like the examples that you brought because they, a lot of our research is saying that a lot of the failed efforts to improve education, both at the kind of systemic level with school reforms, as well as with innovations in the ed tech space, part of why they have had disappointing results in learning is that they've focused very little on what we call the instructional core, meaning this, you know, triangle between the teacher the learner and the content. And when we really try to innovate, you know, my message in our recent reports has been, you know, really focus relentlessly on the instructional core. If you're just replacing, you know, let's say technology for analog solutions, but nothing's going to change in terms of the interactions between students and content or educators and content or educators and students, it's likely you're going to be, everybody's going to be disappointed. And so, you know, I think we have collectively failed in that way in great measure. And then for, you know, having been leading kind of the decisions of development banks, like the Inter-American Development Bank on investing in some, you know, pilot projects in some innovations to then with the idea that we would then scale them up. I think one way in which a lot of investors could do better is in from the get go, measuring the impact of the interventions and having a plan to be able to show that your innovation is really leading to improvements in learning. Or even as Vinny was saying, even if it's just, you know, the same learning, but a much lower cost. So measuring both the impact on learning as well as the cost effectiveness is something that I don't think we've done well enough. The example that you're giving of Botswana, what's great about that effort is not only the innovative part of shifting to SMS and texting and reaching to parents, but also that they built in a randomized control trial very quickly and are already showing some promising results. And also I have to say that the evaluation has allowed them also to adjust the interventions to, you know, increase the impact. So it's not just, you know, to show that you have impact, but really to improve your intervention because, you know, at the start we might have good ideas, but as we move along, we really have to learn about how they are implemented in real time in a particular context. And then the final point I want to make before we go and have more of a conversation is you made a very important point about, and I liked how you said it, that there's highly regulated, but often not sensibly regulated. And I totally agree. I mean, education systems are so regulated in terms of inputs and processes and much less focused on outcomes and, you know, how different groups of students experience the process to then lead to different outcomes. And so the more that we can collectively focus on working with governments to make more sensible regulations, I think the more there will be space for, you know, kind of good private investment to take place and really move the needle. So I'll leave it at that and just see what your reactions are. What we've got a load of, I'm actually going to relatively quickly move on to the questions we're getting in the chat because people are asking some really great things and they're raising some of the issues that I wanted to raise anyway. But I just want to bring out one more thing, Emiliana, out of the work that you've been doing. So one thing that people say, and Vanid has said as well is that the private sector can be a really great place to develop and test innovative solutions and that might be innovative pedagogies, it might be innovative tools, it might be anything which gets involved in the education sector. We've seen some private sectors players who are arguably not very interesting pedagogies but have, you know, had a degree of success. But some of the work that I know that you've done and you've done with Rebecca is all about what you call a leapfrog. About finding innovations that arguably can take, you know, lower and middle intercom countries education systems further than where the global north is and actually start to deliver some of the outcomes that we here in the global north want to see in our education systems better for those educators. And I'd love if you want to talk a little bit about, you know, what you've seen in terms of the role of the private sector in driving some of that leapfrogging which you've written so interestingly about. Oh, thank you. Yeah, so what we, you know, we started this work about five years ago. I must say my team because I was not yet with Brookings and what they did, which I think, you know, obviously it's part of the reason I'm now at Brookings, I was so engaged with that work and it had so much impact in the work that we did in the development field and the development bankings, was that they started saying, look, look, we have a huge learning outcomes gap between students in the poorest countries of the world and those that are in high performing education systems would tend to be the OECD richer countries and if we continue thinking about educational progress in the traditional ways that in the ways that these systems that are now high performing systems evolved, it will take us 100 years for these countries and we don't have that kind of time. And so can we think of ways in which we can leapfrog in education to make sure to basically push them forward in faster ways and the leapfrog pathway that we put forward really is thinking about how innovations building on previous work work to not just substitute or augment what's currently happening but really to modify it and really reinvent how instruction is happening and how kids are engaging with instruction. And so the proposal really is to think about in this framework not just doing the same with a different tool or just marginally more of the same but rather really transforming and we're really in the COVID world thinking a lot about this word systems transformation. How do we take advantage of some of the innovations that are happening and some of the changes that were really hard to envision or to implement a year ago. We never thought that teachers would be able to go digital in the massive ways that they all of a sudden did because they had to and kind of the historical fears and resistance and I guess conservative wisdom of education systems had to be broken down and there's a lot of interesting things happening. The way that parents are being engaged in children's education the way that children themselves and students are being forced to take more ownership on their own learning so these are things that we're hoping that we can keep post COVID and really transform systems and have students play a bigger role, parents continue to play a bigger role and educators really shift their role from sort of the owners of knowledge and the sole conveyors of it to really a person who facilitates and guides a student to access knowledge and access skills and something that in the education community has been talked about for a long time but that it was very difficult to get educators kind of wrap their heads around that and losing the complete authority that they had but now with COVID they kind of have done that anyway so let's take some of that. So Vinnie I don't know if you want to lean in on any of that before we move on to any of the other questions that I can see pinging around and by the way Beth who's been a really active participant in the chat I think that that probably addresses your question around pedagogies because you know there are plenty of local contextual pedagogies and I think that's been a very important part as I understood the leapfrog work is thinking about those very much in their local context. Vinnie no I mean I would just I found myself nodding along so because I agree I think Emiliana was making excellent, excellent points and that's reflected in many of the insights that have been coming from Emiliana and her colleagues. There are important things here that the learning is fundamentally a huge at least from my perspective I'm not an expert educator but everything that I've seen and experienced is learning is fundamentally a human process you're changing the way a human being a child thinks about what they themselves are capable of so do they need basic things do they need literacy numeracy those sorts of skills yes but it's as much around unlocking what they think they are themselves capable of and if you look at what the best teachers do it's more than just sticking words and numbers down a child's throat right it's it's that's part of the instructional core that's and I noticed that there's some questions around some of the softer skills. Those are themes that run from early childhood through to late adolescence right I mean I've seen models which deliver tremendous educational outcome gains in late adolescence where people have traditionally said oh it's too late by then but actually no it's just understanding what it is that needs to be unlocked and then making sure that they are able to get some of the really the things that they may not have been able to access before right I'll give you a great example there was of a teacher in rural very very rural South Africa in KwaZulu Natal the province of Ndala came from the school is so rural that there isn't even a mobile signal secondary education their big end of school school exams there so there was a teacher what he did for his students this was at a math competency level where the teacher realized I'm probably not going to be the best teacher but I can get the product there is this product out there so the teacher used to drive the kids to the top of a hill so that they could pick up the mobile signal and the teacher was basically mentoring and encouraging them that's just one example so I mean I think this you know teachers absolutely have a really important role to play that goes back to this instructional core and but it's and the other thing I would just really echo very much is this the point around being open and honest about impact measurement don't overclaim too many people overclaim I think it does it's a disservice to the families that we're trying to help and also frankly it's poor investing because you're kidding yourself you know you cannot run away from what the actual facts are and if your product is not working it's not working and it's really really important and again I think echoing what Emiliano was saying around and what's so good to hear about the Botswana thing is the course correction there is no such thing as perfection it's continuous improvement so if you approach that mentality the companies non-profits the organizations will be better will be healthier for the long term and even if you want to think as an investor you will have a better company that you're invested in I'll shut up there thank you look we're going to switch we've got so many interesting questions coming in but I want to sort of deal with what really important and pointed one which is around business models so there have been a couple of questions about one was around I think from Natula around okay great that the private sector can do this more efficiently making that assumption great there's plenty of innovation but if poor people have to pay for that surely that completely defeats the object so interested to hear about what you're seeing in terms of and my colleague Andrew Minnelli asked the question which is you know okay so how impact investors participate and pay for this so I'd love to hear from you about some models where perhaps you know the parents aren't having to pay but nevertheless the public sector the private sector is driving some innovation maybe Emiliana you want to lean on that particularly I know is that you worked extensively on this in South America for example yeah well it's interesting I think that is a very tricky question to get right and you know I think the best way to have students not pay is to partner with the public sector and as Vinic said it's tricky the public sector is not as nimble it has all sorts of processes but if you want to go to scale if you really want to have an impact at scale they're the big players right they're the ones who end up serving the majority of kids in most countries and the majority of disadvantaged kids in many countries as well so you know I would say what we've seen in Latin America in countries like Chile for example which is very different from honestly the rest of the region because of its nationwide school choice program where public funding goes to private schools and families arguably can select I mean there's been a history of schools really selecting the students as well but I think the big lesson there has been that you know that over the years having a lot of information and really processing it and really seeing what worked and what didn't you can establish a regulatory environment that is more sensible and that encourages kind of the private sector to produce results for disadvantaged people and provides the resources it recognizes that serving poor kids who don't have the support at home that more advantage affluent kids do requires more investment and so the governments are smart in doing that are very few unfortunately and so I think that's something that partnerships with the private sector and kind of seeing how do you do that regulatory environment that allows the private sector to innovate and really find those creative ways but also get a return if you want to add anything otherwise I will go on it's really difficult there isn't a magic one answer to this sadly I mean Emiliana's touched upon some of the approaches where if you can get the public sector to somehow or governments to start supporting this but you do then and into this at times very politically contentious conversations around the government paying for private schools to educate poor kids there are I think this is a multi pronged approach the reality is if you look at urban India right now more than 50% of children in urban India do not go to government schools and so there is a whole socioeconomic curve but more than 50% of kids in urban India their families are sending them to private schools will the poorest be able to afford those? No but what's interesting and what's really gives me optimism is you start to see the innovation that's coming in the afterschool sector so very often I talk to people and I say look I can't afford to send my child to a private school even a low cost private school I can't afford those fees but what I do do is I send my child to an afterschool tuition right and once upon a time tuition was one on one it was something that the middle class could afford but with the benefit of technology you're now starting to see group based tuition approaches which are again will the poorest of the poor be able to afford that unfortunately no but it can allow for quality education to start to percolate further and further down the curve but I don't think there's a magic wand answer unfortunately thank you there are plenty more questions coming in Gabrielle has raised the issue about measurement effectively she's saying okay so how do we measure the strongest education systems are the current so the PISA tests are they skewed in the wrong direction I broaden that question out I have to say which is how do we if we are impact investors looking at the sector how do we effectively measure success particularly given what both of you have said around not being too ambitious and not setting ourselves unreasonable rhetorical targets I'd be very interested in that and I know you've done a little bit of work on this and where you come from on that and then I'll pass to Emilia I think measuring especially if you look at measuring at a system level versus measuring at an organization level I think it's really really important to be very very objective about measuring impact and that means looking so there are techniques where you really want to try and look at is it your core school or your education product that is actually delivering those are those learning gains going up are those learning gains being driven by family characteristics or what you're doing it's also really important to make sure you're not doing things like cream skimming you know unfortunately there have been examples of that that's not right and it's also misguided because you're kidding yourself if what you're doing is cream skimming kids and then saying we're delivering really good at quality education you're kidding everybody so I think it's really important to be very very objective and open about that and to say this is what's working this is what we think we want to get better I use a very for me a rule of thumb that I've used in my work is is the quality of whatever I'm looking at whatever this organization is doing is the quality at that level that the richest families the top 20% would want to send their kids to this right because I think I personally speaking in personal capacity I struggle with arguments where they say well you know because the poor can't afford it they should somehow make do with a lesser quality education I think that's a defeat I think we are more than capable and there are models that can say hang on how do we deliver using the resources we have a quality of education that the top 20% would send their kids to but in a way that is accessible and affordable for the bottom 20% I think that's the challenge and you can start to see those signals in different ways you can have RCTs but you can also sort of look at actual customer behavior do you have rich families saying I want to use this product or not Emiliana I mean I agree with most of what we need to sing I think in practice though one thing that we've seen in developing countries and part of what you were reporting in India what we've seen throughout Latin America is that families choose schools not only based on learning outcomes and on a big driver and it's been quite research in some countries it is the characteristics of the peer group and so it's natural for families who are for example the top 20% in wealth to want their kids to be with the same type of families and that's part of why it's so hard to disentangle for example whether elite schools in when you look at PISA results in developing countries the kids who are attending the private elite schools are outperforming kids who are not, who are in public schools and who are from generally lower socio-economic backgrounds however you know does that mean those schools are better? No it means those kids are better and so to your question how do you actually measure this that's something that economists we really worry about that about attributing the impact when you don't know what is the real effect we talk a lot about selection bias so you talked about cream skimming right when schools have some sort of admissions process where they select students based on you know characteristics of how committed out there are they to their school philosophy or school instruction you know that already creates an easier let's say environment for your intervention to succeed and so that's why randomized controlled trials are so respected because it really forces the intervention to randomly assign spots in the school or spots to benefit from the intervention and follow a group that is then because of the random process statistically identical and so that's what we really in the end would encourage everyone to do I mean there are ways to do this that you can after control for that but it's much more complicated it's much easier to just do admissions by lottery or some sort of random assignment and then follow up the kids who were not admitted I suspect we could carry on talking about this for hours if not days but between us and indeed between between us and this very active and engaged audience which is fabulous particularly on such a virtual event it's really heartening everybody to see that happening so I'm going to kind of try and wrap this up by asking you both the same question and it's slightly building something that Brian had just put in the chat so Brian's asking a question about you know there are some innovative business models in the US around income sharing agreements which doubtless you both know about where effectively a student or child doesn't have to pay up front but sacrifice some element of their future income back to pay for what they've had that's one innovative business model that might be an interesting thing across the world and in lower middle income companies but I'm going to throw that one at you but also throw you if there was one thing that you'd like to see more of now given our horrible Covid crisis given what we are going into in terms of how the private sector might intervene and educate around this whole area what would you like to see more of or what would you like to see happen I'd love your relatively instant responses to that and Amelia you're smiling so I'm hoping you've got an instant response but it was deep in thought so I'm going to give him 30 more seconds well you know I think that what I'd like to see more particularly now in the Covid time is interventions that help low income young children I think those are the ones who are you know at really great risk when they have for example families that can't really help look after them properly and stimulate them their development cognitively and socio-emotionally you know investing in really high quality early care and pre-primary education opportunities for the most disadvantage I think is it would yield the highest results in the long run thank you Vinny yeah I think I'll end up in a very similar place to Miliana I would if I could have a magic wand I would ask for much more focus on the non-cognitive aspects of children's lives and I think that that's an area that is being massively damaged right now it's being disproportionately damaged for poorer families so early childhood absolutely one of the biggest reasons why early childhood is so powerful is because it works in non-cognitive domains but the non-cognitive domains are still very very plastic even in later in adolescence so there's some fascinating research that's coming out of the neuroscience departments out of Cambridge and a bunch of other places where this is an issue for adolescence as well that to me that is the big thing if we can somehow protect and then continue to develop the non-cognitive aspects of young people's I don't know it's not brains but I think that's the most important and most powerful thing that we can do for 20, 30, 40 years from now thank you and thank you both very much for spending your time with us Daphne and thank you all wherever you are in the world for joining us this afternoon morning evening wherever you are we really really appreciated your really active engagement in this and really look forward to carrying on the conversation when we can whether virtually or hopefully face to face thank you all very much for joining us thank you


The new Jean Dillon Elementary School in Bemidji is moving into its next phase as the bids to build the new school are being reviewed. The bidding process began on December 8th. The school district received over 150 different bids to build the new school. Now, the work of reviewing each proposal is up to Krause Anderson, who will then present its findings to the school board. Bids received by the school district have a wide range in price points.  And so those might involve more services or, you know, more manpower labor hours. So we had some bids that were very close and some bids that were far apart. Krause Anderson will present recommended bids to the school board for approval in January. Back in 2014, the Bemidji School District voted to approve a tax increase to build Jean Dillon Elementary School. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Everything else today was destruction was absolutely destruction, you know, we had some pretty aggressive Welcome to access a trader the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success Profitability and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge master your process and own your future Hey guys, good evening everybody. Welcome to another edition of the access a trader calm nightly wrap-up show Let's see. Let me let me put it this way. I Want to give you an example Going into today right going into today. I don't think I could have been more bullish More bullish that could have possibly been going into a trading day going off of a bottom, right off of a bottom Reclaiming the 10-day moving average granted again. We've been in a bear market now For the last, you know, five months or so We've been sell buys pretty much all the way down if you've been watching this video is pretty much on a daily basis But again like all bear markets and all extreme sell-offs We've we've had pockets of opportunities at the trade on the long side as well But again, the most important part is and this is kind of goes out to any any You know one thing the longevity type of traders firing trader again You have to learn how to trade on both sides of the market Because again, you could be theoretically wrong all the time as long as you're not a Stubborn mule, you don't have to be financially wrong That's the most important part of any market of any single trading day But I tell you going into today's session if you went through your charts last night Everything was super bullish Amazon looked like this thing was ready to just go out of its mind Tesla looked like it was about to reclaim these two channels here Confirm macro and start going to this 80 32 call a 32 levels. We saw 800 weeklies We saw 900 weeklies coming in just a really really aggressive move the video all the first couple of days 185 calls 190 calls 185 calls in nausea and everything set up so so Well, and you know, I've always maintained I've always maintained the stat, right?  You're like, okay, whatever we were up a good amount yesterday You know, whatever good open it's exactly want trapped the early shorts and start moving back higher and you start looking at the news why the market was down and I tell you I Could understand, you know one of these growth stocks, right being down, you know Like a you know, like a letter you or TDOC or UPST or these Dozens and dozens of growth stocks they got absolutely destroyed But when you saw pre-market that target was going to be An area of the tape right an area of the tape that is going to put pressure Just because it'll give you a sense of what main street America is going through Then everything really turned left very very aggressively and when you look at What the data is right the economic data and you talk about Inflation right inflation rising the cost of living the gas prices rising Combined that with acid classes, you know really coming in right really coming in whether it's the equities market whether it's The futures market the futures market the equities market The NFTs crypto, whatever the case may be the bitcoin markets, right It's starting to put a lot of pressure right in in the in the lower Lower I hate using those words But the middle class the people who are a little bit on the poor side And that's starting to really bubble into everyday life And when you look at the spending or the lack of spending in names Like a walmart or amazon for example missing a couple of their last few quarters You really come to you know, you really come to respect How effective this inflation thing really is and first when we started talking about inflation, you know, maybe you didn't You know, maybe you didn't you know affect you on a day-to-day basis and you start looking around It's like, you know the the the gallon of milk that you paid you say 4.99 Three months ago. You're paying 8.99 for now again doesn't mean it's not a big deal $4 shouldn't affect anybody's lives, but that's kind of the big deal. That's what it is and you see seeing people Getting absolute squeezed the gas prices are through the roof inflation's through the roof come on And everything and the translation is very very simple and it did really kind of remind everybody right that we are again We are still in a bear market.   We had some pretty pretty damn aggressive pivots To the downside amazon, you know, a lot of us were long overnight. Obviously didn't turn out well Thank god for that $30 candle Into the close yesterday, right? So at least we had a little bit of cushion But ultimately want to lose like 27 30 on the trade but again at the end of the day, right?  That's the most important part You're trading both sides of the market. You're putting in you're putting in your work You're putting in your effort and you're not sitting there Like a hopeless deer in headlights here You're trying to get back Where the market sentiment is and it really does show you how quickly everything turned We literally went and it took us four days, right four days to reclaim The five and the 10 day moving average and you know, hell man I wow my my friends some of my buddies got absolutely destroyed today They went really really more aggressively they should have which I get I get it There was like 200 stocks I could have put on the watch list yesterday But again, we're wrong right where human beings were going to be wrong and again as long as you're not wrong As long as you're not wrong To the point that you can't rationalize that you'll be fine And this type of environment again, one of the things that are always going to save you Especially if you're taking anything overnight you got to have a hedge. We've been talking about hedging properly You know hedging properly In markets that are not bullish bias and for example, even though amazon was just terrible, right absolutely terrible On the overnight exposure at least you got some cues as a hedge, right? So in cues opened up down five six points It's a little bit of you know, it's not the whole hickey. You're not removing the whole hickey But at least you're you're you're you're kind of glancing the blow and it's it's doesn't turn out as bad As it should but yeah, I mean market It made it stance it, you know, you had a 1200 point move down on the dow You had like what five six percent on the nasaq, you know brutal just an absolute brutal And now you know you're looking at the bottom of the range here Where the low from last week you talk about 284 285 and again if you look at the weekly view Of of the qqqs you could you could see where the next Measure potential is if we start losing, you know, again if right that everything's contingency things have to happen You don't just say it's going to happen. We don't know. I have no idea the market could rally 500 points tomorrow Who the hell knows? But the point is at least you have a line in the sand here on the weekly chart on the cues You're obviously looking at today's low as a as a barometer You're looking at last week's low off this 284 levels of barometer to kind of see How much more aggression we do have and again before putting the cart in front of the horse So at least you could see where you can have measure potential if we start Building below Both of these channels. So, you know, it's tough man.  I know yesterday We had the big move on the fat and it was all great and you know, but again Powell has these Big rallies, right because of Powell. We had we had this rally. We had this rally, right? And we had this rally yesterday and again, it really does show that history does Kind of repeat itself, but man that close was bullish. Wasn't it unbelievably bullish? Um, I had so many longs I was watching today. Obviously, you know 99.9% of them did not trigger The actual a couple of longs that did you know gave a little bit of flow for all you guys who traded on the long side I was waiting for the, you know, I was waiting for the short tight to confirm But boy, oh boy when you see target dropping, you know 25 27% intraday It really does tell you and shows a pretty damn big picture Where you know where the economy is, right? We know we usually sometimes talk about a disconnect between the Main street and wall street, but you can really really see How the lack of spending and names like Walmart like I mean, look at everything got taken down You got Costco got absolutely wrecked Walmart day two, right? You got Coles you go all of them, right? Every single one of this would make a difference and they took down Amazon with it, right? Amazon is retail at the end of the day.  So let's talk about today's pivot. So obviously You know, obviously there's a lot of bad news here and again, and here's the thing man I think this is a very important point when the NASDAQ was down 120 points And I've always maintained this and keep this in mind When you have a bias, right? When you have a bias to one side of the market and you have And your research is showing that side of the market I and the futures open up the complete opposite direction of your research tells you What I always do, I always want to give it at least a candle or two Okay, we trade 60 minute candles. There's six candles in the day I want to always give it at least a candle or two To kind of see if that side of the market of your research can shake things off And start going in that direction and here's my you know, here's my point I go cues closed above the 10 day moving average target news spooking the market Let's see if the bulls can fight back, right? And at one point They actually did a little bit Tesla was only down like what for You know, they actually fought back a little bit I go look we'll give the bulls the benefit of that For the first two candles and then reassess right now and that was the main focus here So initially Rivian actually had a nice little pop for all you guys again I didn't trade Rivian again I was just waiting for the bot the bottom channels that finally, you know did pretty well We'll get that in a second Rivian 28 needs to build here was Rivian Right for all you guys it took a nice little movie There was nothing wrong with it took out 28 bucks We talked about Rivian last night Took out 28 and traded right to the next supply of 29 20 is actually a nice move Doesn't make a difference bull a bear market was actually a really nice move You saw a short term $30 and $40 calls coming in so that was a nice move The initial pivot on Tesla was 770. We'll get to the pivot to the downside in a second 184 obviously came nowhere close to pivoting on Nvidia and he actually took out the previous high 103 20 only went up a dollar but the point is yeah, I mean some names did kind of wake up Right, you know took out 103 20 went to 104 20 and then obviously just a tremendous disgusting reversal and here is you know here is he started seeing all these All these sell buying coming in here. I still like the square I know I know square did okay today at one point of the day But I like this square guys watch this square here below the 78 79 dollars I think next couple of days if the market continues to see weakness this thing's in a tank But obviously it didn't confirm and here is here is where the downside buyers came in One by one by 180 Netflix so 183 30 if it builds below can flush more here is Netflix Right, so it took out the 183 40 which is the bottom of the range here on the five day moving average and clout went all the way down to 176 I think if 176 starts to confirm and you can see that was the 513 low it's also yesterday's low if this 176 confirms I think there's another 13 points to the downside there as well dash 65 20 65 if it builds below can flush more obviously here's rivian 29 on deck here's dash right here's dash took out the 65 20 went down to 63 I still think this thing goes lower below 63 I think these 56 57 Tesla yes so here's here was definitely the big one here the macro trades we started what the macro view was what 729 719 right once we started the market fall apart it was forget about the long side start looking to the downside there was a sneaky pivot right we started watching 745 there was a sneaky pivot at 745 and then a confirmation below 7 736 before it got to macro so we started shorting this thing is 745 not only did we see the June 700 puts guys that the amount of buyers that were coming in for the seven seven figure buyers of the 700s at one point was very very aggressive and you could tell here it took out the 745 took out the 729 set took out the 719 went all the way down to 700 you know look Tesla confirms that Tesla confirms 700 tomorrow man we're going to go down to 680 that was last week's lows they were coming in massive buyer came in for the June 500 puts okay they skipped the six they went to the 500 there's a lot of selling pressure on this thing in the options market so definitely one to watch yeah here it is right here June a buyer came in right here buyer came in for the June 500 puts 3.6 million one that we forgot to put on the feed but all you guys are listening to the webinar anyway there was a really aggressive you know we got hit on Amazon at the open and then you got to flip the gear so here is the opening range low right here it stopped at 21 97 and that was the opening range low congratulations all you guys are still holding this thing I you know I think this thing cracks like it really really cracks there's a big move down about 70 points to the downside if you look at the daily chart on Amazon again it got below the five got below the 10 got below this 21 56 level you know this thing has room if the market continues to go down this thing does have room all the way to 2048 so look there was a really good adjustment and that's the most important part guys again you're going to be wrong right I don't care about being right being wrong it's it's not a popularity contest we don't care about you know what it likes and shares and all that bullshit excuse my French of course the most important part is be a professional okay even if you're trading for a week it's okay to be wrong right as long as your research is valid and it doesn't confirm it's okay you're allowed to switch to the other side right if you google the word trader right versus investor well there you are you'll get a whole explanation so it's very very important to have an open mind we do know macro where we are we've been talking about we've been a sell bias market for a long time with periods of upward bias but man oh man was I bullish going into the day and man oh man I am not now having said that will probably rally a thousand points because this market will never follow through I'm just joking maybe I am maybe I'm not but again let's watch the channels to the downside tomorrow and if there is on inside date tomorrow we get a little bit of a dead cat bounce tomorrow in the market that's the day you kind of want to chill right you don't want to play the dead cat bounce what you want to do is make sure if we do have a dead cat bounce tomorrow that it's an inside the day it doesn't take out the highs then it doesn't take out the lows and wait for those channels to confirm down because if they do confirm down then there is a whole big pocket of downside levels still to go all the way back down to the 284 level look is this market easy absolutely not there's no such thing as an easy market there's no such thing as a fun market but there's a market there's that you can control and control is everything risk is everything but the most important thing is process and staying in business guys god bless stay safe and I will see you all tomorrow take


accept, accept, expect. Which is correct? Number one. I'm sorry. Please, my apology. Accept. Two. Everyone, Jasmine, had to meet with the boss. Accept. Three. Dad, Cindy, to be home at 11 o'clock. Expected. Four. We don't credit cards here. You have to pay in cash. Accept. Five. Well, what did you? A wild party? Expect. To see more videos like this, click on the link or check out our websites for more free English learning resources, eslgoal.com and freeenglishstudy.com.


Billionaire reveals virtual reality experience called mainstream media. At a hotly anticipated remote keynote presentation on Friday, billionaire Jeff Bezos revealed the details of an exciting new virtual reality experience, which he says will allow consumers to log on to an artificial fantasy world completely unlike our existing reality. We're calling it mainstream media, or MSM for short, Bezos told viewers. MSM will allow users to interface with an alternate world of the imagination where capitalism works fine for everyone, constant military expansionism is normal and desirable, Washington's enemies are all bloodthirsty monsters, and billionaires are just harmless job creators. Let's check it out. Bezos explained that his 2013 purchase of the Washington Post ensured that consumers will remain psychologically plugged in to a virtual reality in which the socio-political status quo upon which his Amazon empire is built looks totally fine, and not at all insane or dystopian. Unlike the virtual reality enterprises of certain other billionaires, the mainstream media universe operates continually and without the need for fancy headsets or equipment, Bezos said. In fact, the psychological technology is so immersive that users aren't generally even aware that they're not experiencing actual reality. Bezos was soon joined in his presentation by fellow billionaires Rupert Murdoch, Michael Bloomberg, Warren Buffett, and Carlos Slim Halu. Warren, Mike, Carlos, Rupert, what are you guys doing here? Bezos recited in scripted surprise. We wanted in on the mainstream media universe too, Bloomberg answered. Can't let you have all the fun, Jeff. With my vast media empire, I've been able to alter the outcomes of elections, shake policies and political agendas, start wars, and kill social progress in both the northern and southern hemispheres, Murdoch boasted. My position as chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway has given me control over dozens of daily newspapers throughout the United States, Buffett added. My holdings in the New York Times give me leverage over the hiring and publishing practices of the most influential paper in the most powerful nation on earth, said Slim. By buying up media influence and controlling the public's perception of reality, we ensure that all the systems which have been funneling wealth and power toward us remain intact, explained Bloomberg. And it keeps the guillotine blades away from our necks, Slim interjected. That's right, Carlos, Bezos said. By psychologically helping the public to perceive a different reality than the one that actually exists, we can prevent social uprisings which might prove hazardous to our wealth and vital organs. So we give the riff-raff a virtual reality to live in, said Murdoch, because actual reality belongs to us.


Okay. Yeah, give me an example. You're African-American. I'm black. I'm not from Africa. Your ancestors are not from Africa? My ancestors are, but I'm not African-American. I'm black. So you prefer to be called black? I am black.  You are very dark brown. So like, if there's a guy from South Africa who's got his...


The universities have done themselves terrible damage by outsourcing a whole lot of their infrastructure to corporate entities that do not have their interests at heart. And you know, I mean, just take the learning management system, right, as an example. No individual institution can really afford to stand up and support and sustain and maintain its own learning management system. So of course they turn to a corporation, which sells them something shiny and pretty. But in so doing also sells them something that completely locks their data in, and that doesn't work the way the institution actually wants it to work. What, again, no one institution can come up with an alternative to that, but institutions working together collaboratively around this problem could build an open source academy owned not-for-profit learning management system that would be far better than anything that the corporate world is wanting to sell to us right now. I think this is true of publishing as well. I think that we really need to be thinking about ways that the academy can support and sustain the infrastructure that it relies upon in ways that sustain its value.


Hey everyone and welcome to another video on the Broogly Channel! I'm Broogly and in this one I'm going to be going over Backroom's level 32 aka The Forest of the Skeleton Queen. This one gives off huge Halloween vibes and it was actually written during last year's Halloween contest so if you like Halloween then you're going to really like this video. Stick around for the explanation. Thank you for watching and let's hop right into it. So Backroom's level 32 is classified as a class 5 difficulty and is really unsafe and really unsecure. There's also a powerful entity living in it which will get into more later. So the level itself looks like a constantly dark forest that goes forever in every direction. The sky is dark with no stars and only has a single crescent moon in it which is the only light source of the entire level. The forests are filled with dark trees that have skeletons hanging from the branches. That's creepy. The bones act like wind chimes and they'll clatter together whenever a breeze is blowing and some people have even claimed that they've heard the skeletons talking to them and they say stuff like about their old lives or they tell the future and prophesy the future. No one's confirmed this but it's just what some people say and honestly I really like that idea. Other than these skeletons there's one entity that walks the dark forest and she appears in two forms. The first form is called the bell which is a pale woman with black hair and a nice dress on.  The bell doesn't talk but she lures wanderers into following her kind of like a siren does to pirates. You know sirens would lure pirates into the water and then drown them. Well that's what this thing does too. If a wanderer does end up following the bell she will lead them deeper into the woods to her other form the skeleton queen. This form is a really tall skeleton-y figure in an old black dress. The entity is really powerful and can somehow control the entire domain of the level like she just can control everything. If you're kind to her and you listen to what she has to say then you might be let go but if you aren't then she'll tell the trees to grab you and just to rip you apart because she could control everything.  That's creepy man. My advice is to not follow the bell in the first place no matter how much you want to unless you want to get eaten by a giant skeleton. As of right now there isn't a known entrance to level 32 and it seems like the only way to get there is to get lost in a dark forest on some other level but no one knows for sure. Weirdly though some people have said that they've no clipped from real life directly into this level which would suck really bad considering most people actually go to level zero first and I feel like that one would be significantly less scary than this one and the only way to exit the level is to see those hanging skeletons and then get lured by the bell to see the skeleton queen. The only way you can leave is to just be nice to her and your life's literally in her hands. If you're kind to her and she allows you to leave then you'll just be cool. You'll wake up in a different forest on another backwards level but if you're rude to her or short with her or something well then you're probably gonna get eaten by a tree no lie but if you do get sent to another forest on another level you'll wake up and you'll remember what just happened but to you it'll feel like it was a dream and not reality but deep down you will know that it wasn't a dream. There's also a little story at the end of the entry that's pretty much a girl trying to find the skeleton queen so she can bring back her unalived lover like back to life in exchange for her own life and it works so that's cool I guess. So yeah that was Backrooms level 32. I hope you enjoyed it. I really liked how unsettling this one was. I feel like it was really cool and it definitely definitely gives a good halloween vibe and I love halloween so I hope you enjoyed it too. Thank you for watching and thank you for everything you do. Hope you all are having a great beginning of your summer. I hope you're enjoying the videos I'm pumping out. I hope you're just enjoying life guys. It's a great time to be alive. Check below for any links you might want like my second channel, my discord, my twitter, anything at all. Go join if you want to get more of me. If you're into that sort of thing. Thank you all so much. I will see you in the next video. Peace out.


A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty hyo silver, the Lone Ranger. From the hills of Wyoming to the mountains of Mexico, the masked rider of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early days of the western United States. His strength and courage, his daring and resourcefulness, were the pioneers' defense against outlaws, hostile Indians, and the forces of nature. His name endures as the greatest champion of justice the West ever knew. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver. Silver, the great white stallion who has deserted his mast to the Lone Ranger. For the first time he disobeyed the masked rider and galloped westward toward the valley where he was born and where he roamed in freedom. The Lone Ranger and Tonto followed his trail, but their amounts were unable to match Silver's speed. On and on he raced his gleaming hoops pounding the prairie, his eyes fixed on the distant horizon. At noon, Mag was working in the kitchen of a ranch, while Missouri sat on the porch outside. He heard racing hoops in the distance. Dead nabbed. Sounds like one of the ponies broke out the corral. Coming right this way in without a rider. Gee, the horse of that. That horse looks like Silver. It is Silver! Talk, Howard Silver! What? That horse coming this way, look at his split. Missouri. That's a maskman's horse. Something must have happened to the maskman. He'll be doggone. He didn't even stop. He went right on past. Missouri. Well, he's run away, that's what. He's run away from the Lone Ranger. Look at him, covering the ground. There's something mighty peculiar going on, Mag. I should have got my rope and lassoed the horse. I'll stop being so foolish, Missouri. The way he's traveled, not even a mountain wall would stop him. Well, what a maskman could be. Now what? Let's go then. Jasper sneed the butcher riders. What does that yellow skunk want of our ranch? One being certain they can't be after Silver. They're coming from a different direction altogether. Sure riding, look at his split. Howdy, gents! Didn't you hear, Missouri? He said howdy. I can't say you sound any too pleasant. Bag this for the bank robbery. A bank robbery? Just wait till I get my sheriff's badge, and we'll get after the sneak anombrates. That won't be necessary. We already got a good idea who done it. We stopped at your south patch of Missouri. Took a look at the hay wagon out there. The hay wagon, Missouri. I'll take that wagon put away. I did put it away. We saw it. That's more. We took a look at it. Here's what we found under the hay. Well, it's a sack. What was it doing there, Missouri? I don't know. It's not mine. Never saw it before. I figured you'd say that. Open it up. Huh? Go on.  He has. Hey, what? Do you mean... Well, the jiggered.  Sure is. Missouri, that money is from the bank hole up. What was it doing in your hay wagon? Need? Are you implying that I had it? I'm not implying, Missouri. I'm coming right out flat-footed. There's the evidence. That cash. You did that bank robbery. You're lying. Missouri never did a dishonest act in this life. Where'd you get that money? Somebody must have put it there. Sure. You put it there.  Why don't you ask Banker Haskell? He'll tell you who robbed him. Banker Haskell is dead. Dead? You mean... You know all fired well what we mean. Banker Haskell is dead. He was shot in the hold up, and you did it. Missouri, we're putting you in jail. Bank Mag's ranch, Kimosabe. I mean, should have heard his coming. Ah. No lights in ranch house. That's strange. The horses are still in the corral. Puddle, that's someone crying. It must hang, Mag. She's in trouble. Mag, what's wrong?  Mag, what is it? What are you crying about? A mask man. A mask man in Toronto. Mr. was just praying you to drop in. Of course, I wasn't really crying. I never cried in my life. You've got tears and cheeks. Never mind, Toronto. We saw Silver this noon, Mask Man. He galloped right on past. Should have known you'd come looking for him. I've been telling him this way. We think we know what's troubling him, but we don't know what's troubling you. Yeah, just this afternoon. He's in jail for bank robin and murder. Missouri never committed a crime in his life. Everyone knows that. Not Jasper Snead. He's got a lot of influence. Besides, I found the stolen cash in Missouri's hay wagon. Mag, there's more to this than you've told us. They wouldn't dare hang Missouri. I wish I could be a certain. Mask Man, I don't want to keep you in Toronto from your search. You're prom anxious to corral Silver. He headed west. You go ahead and get him. Leave Missouri in trouble? Yes, go ahead. No, we not do that. Mag, Missouri's our friend. Silver's your horse, the greatest horse in the world, and he's running free. Mag, Silver will have to wait. Besides, he can take care of himself. He's not behind bars like Missouri. Now, tell me about it. Well, it's right, Mr. Fine. You see, they found the cash, but there's a lot of gold dust missing, too. Gold dust, huh? From the Sageville Bank. Mister, you say that like you know some. Mag, take a look at this. What's an empty pouch for gold dust? On the way here, we cross trail, we find pouch. Look at the mark burned into the leather. Mark burned into... Sageville Bank. This is one of the pouches that held a missing gold. Missouri never got anywhere near where you must have found this. It's certain Missouri is innocent, Mag. That these must have planted the cash on him to divert suspicion from themselves. They got away with the gold. Mister, that's it. Mag, we're going after that gold. Yes, Count. Let him out. Before you enter onto gold, what about Missouri? He's in jail. If Snead can get the rival rows, he's have to get Missouri strung up without a trial. I thought of that, too, Mag. I want you to have Missouri's best horse waiting here. Huh? If necessary, we'll take him with us. But he's locked in a cell. If he's in trouble, we'll get him out. We know he's innocent. We're going after that gold. But first, we're running for Sageville. This way, Count.  Get him up, Count. Mustang, Mag was right.  They got guns. They're trying to break in the door. And what we do? This horse the stagecoach driver gave me is a good fast horse. But he can never come up to Silver. And he'll have to do this way, Tunnel, around and back. That's where the cells are. Missouri! Who's there? Missouri! That's bad. They're trying to break in the front. They say I shot Hasbro. We spoke to Mag. We know all about it. I'm innocent. I've been trying to work on these bars, but I can't. They're loose. We're getting you out. Not loose enough to bust. And you can't go around in front. You wouldn't stand a chance. We'll pull the bars loose. Tunnel, get the larriots. Fasten one end to the saddle horse. Yes. It'll work. Make it loose. Hurry, Kimosavi. Fasten them to the bars. Try it good and strong. Missouri, well, turn on iron. The horse is pulled. You push against the bars. Understand? We better hurry. All ready? Pull, boy.  Pull the bars, Tunnel. They're going harder. They're going. They're going in the front. They'll be at the saddle in a couple minutes. Leave your breath. Work on the bars. Pull, boy. Help. Pull under. Blow your strength into it. Come on, Missouri. I'll help you through the window. We got ropes untied. Scouts will have to do silver job, Tunnel. Swing up behind Tunnel, Missouri. I'm on. Ride for it, mister. They're almost in my sail.  Faster. Keep up with Scouts. Get them off Scouts. We gotta wait just in time. The darkness will cover our escape. Keep riding. Head for the ranch. Get them off Scouts. It's all right, Meg. We got him out. Best man. Missouri, I got the horse right here. Ready to ride. Thanks, Meg. The masked man told me about that pouch him and Tunnel found. We're riding to find the real thieves. Well, he must have headed west for the hills. It's Badlands, just the place for rats to hide. Tutto, Scout must need a rest, but we haven't time. Can he travel on? Huh? Scout do his best. I got the horse. Anytime you say, mister. We'll come back to where we found that pouch and follow the trail from there. You think you can? It's old, but now. We'll do it. I don't bet Snead had plenty to do with this. If I... Yes, he won't help Missouri. We've gotta get them dead to rights. We go now. One moment. Meg, I wanted to ask you. Have you seen any sign of silver? No, mister. Not since Newton. But if those thieves had headed west, you might find them silver-headed that way, too. I hope so. All right, Missouri, on your horse. Follow me. We're not going to rest until we find the robbers. Come on, boys. Get up there. Thunderbolts. Get them up, Scout. The Lone Ranger and his two friends found the spot where Tonto had picked up the empty pouch. The tracks were faint, but the Lone Ranger put aside all thoughts of the missing silver and checked every sign on the trail. Look here, Tyler. This grass is bruised. Ah. It leads to the west. Day after day, slowly but surely they moved west, hardly pausing for food or water or rest. We're getting into the hills. Here, Kimosabi. What's this? Sagebrush. It's been trampled on by horses. And the way their branches are broken, it wasn't so long ago. Only one day ahead now. They not go fast. Do you recognize this country, Tonto? Ah. It's silver's home range. The valley we found him in isn't far off. He's probably there right now. Kimosabi. Better you not think it's over now. Better you think about outlaw, huh? The days travel ahead, the outlaw band camped in the hills. Their leader, a man named Varley, waited as the horse and rider galloped in from the east. Howdy, Varley. Howdy, Snead. Thought you was coming out from Sage Hill sooner than this. Yeah, it's a long ride, Varley. These ads have spent a couple of hours in the valley back of ways. I saw a snow white stallion roll the loose. The slickest, fastest, biggest horse I ever saw. And right beside him was another white horse. Only this one ahead of me. Never mind horses. Fine time to stop and try to rope a wild animal. I tried, but I couldn't even get close. Besides, that horse is important, Varley. What do you mean? That white stallion is a lone ranger's horse. Well, you're local. I'm telling you straight. You see, a couple of nights ago, just when they got a lynch mob together to string up old Missouri like we figured, a man spanning an engine got him out of jail. You're certain it was a lone ranger? Positive, Varley. Only he wasn't riding these white horse. But that ain't what I come to tell you. Then get to the point, Snead.  I don't know where they picked up the trail, but the ranger and the engine in old Missouri are hitting this way. By the day's journey more. I see. Who else? That's all. Just them three. Snead, that's in arresting. That's downright in arresting. As long as there's only three of them, it ought to be real easy to give them the same thing we gave Banker Haskell. Sudden death. Curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. The Lone Ranger and Tonto headed west into the hills with Missouri on the trail of the bank robbers. But unknown to them, Jasper Snead had already warned the Outlaws. A trap was set, and the Outlaws prepared for action. They're following our trail. I know just a spot to drag out them, Snead. Once we get rid of them three, there's nobody left to suspect us of that robbery. Where's Blackie? He's posted as a lookout. As soon as these sites end coming to the hills, he'll let us know. Where are you going to ambush him, Varley? You know the trail through the hills? Yeah. From where Blackie's watching, there's a hill you can spot. It's rocky and steep. The trail winds up to it, and it's hard to climb. I know the wind. My boys will be hiding right around that grade, Snead. They'll have the guns ready. Varley! Varley, I've seen them. They're coming. Are you sure? Certain. Three men, three horses. Going slow and watching the ground for signs. Good. If they're so interested in watching the ground, they don't stand a chance of seeing us. On your horses! We're traveling!  Here we are. This is a spot. Scatter. Get behind rocks and trees. There's the horses back out of sight. Muslim and havelam, bring your rifles and take cover. Look at him, Snead. We've only got a few feet in this hardest spot already. Yeah, it's twilight. Yeah, everything's getting hazy. Well, we better get posted, too. Yeah, Varley, I was thinking, maybe I ought to stay with the horses. You know how to watch the gold. Go ahead. I figured you was yellow. No, listen to that. Don't deny it. If you had only gumptune and shot Missouri back in town and saved us all this body, go ahead. Time he was getting ready for them. There's going to be a moon later, but they'll come before the moon rises. Yeah, it'll be nice and dark when they trot along the trail. Nice and dark. We've come to hill now. It's dark here, Miss Hobby. Pretty soon we make camp, huh? At the top of that next hill, Tonto. We can't spot any tracks now. No. We'll have to make a dry camp, too, unless we find some water. Something wrong, Miss Man? It's too quiet, Missouri. Tonto, not like. We'd better go a little faster. Hey, man, look out! Missouri, they shot your horse. Nice. All that coming against the sky. He was aiming at you. Up on Scout. Him carried out. They're all around us. This is what we do. Up the hill. We get to the top.  Right for the hill.  Get them up, Scout. How long have we been up here on this rock? All night. All day. Sun go down for a second time. I wish we had some water. Or else I wish it had rained. It's not going to rain, Missouri. No, mister. Not with that moon up there. At least it's cooler than the sun was. I brought you into this. I'm sorry. It ain't your fault.  He was a good horse. Best horse I had. You know, sometimes I used to think Thunderbolt was... Well, he meant almost as much to me as Silver means to you, mister. That's a lot. Maybe me, right, Scout? Trying to pass out long, huh? I won't let you risk a tunnel. Scout is tired. He's worn. He needs rest. They're all around us. I reckon we stay up here till we just dry up and shrivel. My mouth's drier than Death Valley right now. What was that? Me not hear anything. Sounds like hoofs in the distance. I didn't hear nothin'. I know. There. Yeah, hoofs. Then they stop. Huh. Wild horse travel that way. First gallop, then stop. Then gallop, then stop. Perhaps I was mistaken, but I thought... Yeah, Mask Man? Silver's gallop sounded like that one. Oh, you make mistake. Silver not around here. He ran off, Mask Man. Wild Horse Valley isn't far from here.  Wild Horse Valley is way out of gunshot. Horses have a way of sensing trouble, Missouri. He must hobby. Tonto, that is Silver. Fine, Juleper. Maybe you're right. Look there in the moonlight. Way off on that ridge. It's a white horse. It's Silver. Sound the danger call, Tonto. Silver's arrow seeking its target. The great stallion answered his master's call. His hoofs thundered. His mane gleamed white in the moonlight as he charged through the surprised outlaw. Bullet swizzled past him harmlessly. In giant strides, he lunged up the rocky slope to take his place beside the lone ranger. Silver, you knew there was danger. Good boy, Silver. Good boy. What are you doing to do? I'm ready for help, Missouri. Silver can cover the ground like the wind. Do those coyotes. Silver took them by surprise. But this time they'll get you with bullets. That's a chance we'll have to take. There's no other way. Pull them off as long as you can. Getting Count on Tonto and me for that. Good. Steady, boy. Now, Silver, down the slope. Come on, Silver. Once again, the great horse drove forward. His Silver shot hoove striking sparks against the rocks beneath him. The outlaws fired desperately as he raced towards them. Shoot. Bring him down. Now, Silver, right over their heads. Jump, boy. I got it. Jump it. I missed him. Jump clean over my head. All right, you honberries, never mind him. One got away, but we can still take care of them two up on top of the hill. There's no sense chasing that horse. If you men are trailing after Missouri, then I'm coming right along and you can't stop them. Ain't trying to stop you, man. And if you think Missouri stole that cash and murdered Haskell, you're from local. Somebody done it. Why'd he break jail if he was innocent?   I reckon we were a mite hasty about that. Hasty ain't a word for it. And where's Snead? Where'd he go to? I don't know. Will you stop this or if I calm about it?  Can't go faster, man. We're just guessing about that trail as it is. There ain't enough signs left to tell us a thing. They're headed west to tell you. We're going west. We'll get Missouri. Well, we don't get Missouri out. Hello. Hello. What in thunder? What's the mask man? He's riding silver. Mask man? He must be an outlaw. Don't be a tarnation agent. That there's a lone ranger. What? You had me as a lone ranger. He got Missouri out of jail and you'd better listen to him. Host to your guns. Must hang mag, nose me. Mr. Where's Missouri? Where's Tondall? They're up ahead, mags. Surrounded by outlaws. What outlaws? The outlaws who robbed the Sageville bank. Missouri done that. Missouri didn't do it. He's innocent and he needs your help. The sooner we get there, the better. They have no water. Mr. Lead the way. Then follow me and drive your horses hard. Faster, old fella. Faster! Now your horse is coming this way. But I've been listening for him so hard. I can't be certain. Wait. Stay down. Come to look. I still hear it. Come on silver! It's mask man. Look there. Do what you're right. Don't know he's got a boss. They're going to tangle with the outlaws. He beat Don and I feel stronger already. Let's fight all around. I feel stronger already. Where's that horse? Mr. Scouts. Steady dog. Let me get on ya. Look at the mask man. He's got guns. Come on. Come on. Stay down. Lay down your guns. Lay down your guns or shoot it out. He's got them. They're throwing down their guns. Mr. Scouts. It's your time. Snead. You're coming with me. Step along. Don't shoot man. I dropped my guns. Just leave me alone. Chateau. Missouri. You get here plenty fast. Mag. Where's the leader of this posse? Here I am, Mr. We got Bali and the rest of those sidewaters all corral. Ready to take back for trial. All right, Snead. Start talking. All right. Go ahead. All right, all right. He had nothing to do with that bank robbery. It was me. Me and Bali's gang. We planted the cash so Missouri would get the blame while we got away with the gold. Mask man. I reckon we come mighty close to making a bad mistake. But me and my boys will take care of things correct from now on in. Come along, Snead. You're getting a trial which is more than you wanted from Missouri. Come along now. Get on. Give some water for you in town, though, Missouri. After what we've been through, this tastes like nectar. It's hip to it. What's Silver so impatient about? It's all over. He's dancing around like a skittish cove. Silver has his reasons.  Say that's so. But where did he go? Yeah, mister. What's all the mystery? What are you and Tuttle smiling about? Silver, oh boy, are you ready to show us? I'm letting the rains fall, old fella. You lead the way. Take us where you want to go. Well, I'll be doggone. He's heading straight for Wild Horse Valley. What's he... Ah, you come along. You see. Wild Horse Valley was a place of deep, lush grass that waved in cool breezes. The clear air was filled with a song of birds and cold mountain streams sparkled down from the surrounding slopes. At one of the streams, a two-year-old colt stood drinking. His coat was white and smooth in everything but size. He was the image of Silver, the lone ranger's horse. But then, as he heard the approaching hoops, he raised his head.  He watched the approaching figures with eager eyes, tossing his mane and stamping his small hoops. Then as Silver winnied, the colt kicked up his heels and raised to join him. Well, but doggone, he come right up to Silver. You'll find this two-year-old ever so. He's the dead image of Silver except for that black star on his forehead. Why, he's enough like him to be Silver's own son. Enough like him to... Gosh, a mighty mister. Is that it? Is that the mystery? That's the answer, Missouri. Tom and I heard rumors of a two-year-old as fast as Silver himself. And when Silver ran away, we knew it must be true. That colt is Silver's son. Look at him. I never saw a pair of horses like that in all my born days. Gosh, but I wouldn't give donor horse like that. You don't have to give anything, Missouri. The colt is yours. Yes, sir. Anything I own. What? Mask man, did you say he's mine? Silver's son?  I'm paying back that obligation by giving you another horse on two conditions. Mister, name him. Anything you say is all right with me. Anything for that colt. I want the right to name him myself. And if anything should ever happen to Silver, I want you to let me use his son. Mister, it's a deal. Why, just look at him, man. Silver and colt. Little fella, him want to run. Mask man, just take a gallop up the valley and back. Let's see that colt from alongside Silver. All right, Mag. Come on, Silver.   Him worthy son of Silver. Gosh, the son of Silver. Will you look, Mag? Did you ever see anything so downright pretty in your life? Just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


Hi children, my name is Mansi and I'm going to help you solve the following question. The question says, approve the following by using the principle of mathematical induction for all n belonging to natural numbers. 1 into 2 plus 2 into 3 up till n into n plus 1 is equal to n into n plus 1 into n plus 2 the whole divided by 3. In this question we prove by using the principle of mathematical induction. Now before starting the solution we see first the key idea behind the question. We know that the principle of mathematical induction is a specific technique which is used to prove certain statements that are formulated in terms of n where n is a positive integer. The principle can be explained with the help of two properties. If there is a given statement P n such that first P at 1 is true and second if statement is true for n equal to k where k is some positive integer. So the principle k is true then statement P at k plus 1 is also true for n equal to k plus 1. Then P at n is true for all natural numbers n. Using these two properties we will show that statement is true for n equal to 1. Then assume it is true for n equal to k. Then we prove it is also true for n equal to k plus 1. Hence proving that it is true for all n belonging to natural numbers. Now we see the solution to this question. Here we have to prove that 1 into 2 plus 2 into 3 up till n into n plus 1 is equal to n into n plus 1 into n plus 2 the whole divided by 3. Let P of n be 1 into 2 plus 2 into 3 so on till n into n plus 1 is equal to n into n plus 1 into n plus 2 the whole divided by 3. Now putting n equal to 1 P at 1 becomes 1 into 2 that is equal to 1 into 1 plus 1 into 1 plus 2 the whole divided by 3 that is same as 1 into 2 into 3 the whole divided by 3 and this is same as 1 into 2 that is equal to 2 and this is true. Now assuming that P at k is true P at k becomes 1 into 2 plus 2 into 3 plus 3 into 4 and so on till k into k plus 1 be equal to k into k plus 1 into k plus 2 and the whole divided by 3.  This is equal to k into k plus 1 into k plus 2 the whole divided by 3 plus k plus 1 into k plus 2. This is equal to k into k plus 1 into k plus 2 the whole divided by 3 plus k plus 1 into k plus 2. This is same as k into k plus 1 into k plus 1 into k plus 2 plus 3 into k plus 1 into k plus 2 and this entire term divided by 3. Now taking common multiple k plus 1 into k plus 2 this becomes equal to k plus 1 into k plus 1 into k plus 2 into k plus 3 the whole divided by 3. Now this is written as k plus 1 into k plus 1 plus 1 into k plus 1 plus 2 the whole divided by 3. This is same as P at k plus 1 thus P at k plus 1 is true wherever P at k is true. Hence from the principle of mathematical induction the statement P at n is true for all natural numbers n hence proved. So I am going to I hope you understood the question and enjoyed the session. Goodbye.