Wrigley's spearmint chewing gum the refreshing delicious treat that gives you chewing enjoyment presents for your listening enjoyment Edmond O'Brien as Johnny dollar That's right. Who's this Johnny dough for now? Do you want to crack the Calgary job? What? Calgary products down in Camden 300,000 payroll robbery on the first of the month. This isn't my kind of a gag try it on somebody else Check the alliance bonding company in New York. They've kept it out of the papers If you're at the same phone tomorrow night at 10 The makers of Wrigley's spearmint chewing gum bring you Edmond O'Brien in another adventure of the man with the action Practic Spence account America's fabulous freelance insurance investigators is truly Johnny dollar To make every day more enjoyable treat yourself often to refreshing delicious Wrigley's spearmint chewing gum Here's a taste treat. You can enjoy indoors outdoors at work or at play The cool long-lasting mint flavor refreshes you the smooth steady chewing helps keep you fresh and alert Adds enjoyment to whatever you're doing Wrigley's spearmint chewing gum helpful refreshing delicious Expense account submitted by a special investigator Johnny dollar to alliance bonding company New York City, New York The following is an accounting of my expenditures during investigation of the Calgary matter Expense account item one ten dollars and fifty cents transportation for my Hartford apartment to alliances Manhattan office Good afternoon sir. Hello. I think mr. Matthews is expecting me the name is dollar. Oh, yes, mr. Dollar that door. Just go right in thank you All right, I'll it'll be fine the first box starts at eight, but we don't care for miss that All right, I'll see you then Sorry, but you can't hurry a son, you know, that's all right. I'm Johnny dollar. Mr. Matthews. Yes. Yes, so I thought you sit down I don't want to be interrupted for the next hour Miss Mills. Yes Mr. Dollar, do you put any stock in that telephone call? I haven't any idea. I don't know anything about it I've done a lot of thinking since you phoned me about it And of course there's nothing for us to do except to follow it up But I can't help wondering if this man isn't a crank of some kind That's what I thought too until you've borne out by telling me that been a robbery that had been held from the press Why has it been kept a secret well all concerned thought it was the best idea and there's a possibility that the group Involved is the same one that carried off the brink robbery But any publicity would only give away our hunch that the same gang pulled both jobs What makes you think the brink crowd might have pulled this one because of the way it was executed simple perfection The knowledge the criminals had of our operations You see one of our armored cars was to deliver a cash deposit to the Barton Bank in Camden to cover the Calgary products payroll The truck simply didn't arrive. It was found later wrecked and empty the driver and the guards They were found three miles away bound and gagged Their descriptions match those at Brinks masks and so on Yes, it was perfection. They knew exactly when and where What do you want me to do? I've talked it over with the rest of the Alliance executives We want you to follow that call through but we must insist that you make every effort to maintain the security We have established here the details Expense account item 2 same as item 1 transportation back to Hartford at 945 that night I was in my apartment waiting for the promised call from John Doe at 5 past 10 my phone rang Johnny dollar. Yes Yeah, what did you decide about the Calgary job? Well, what happened to the man I talked with last night? I haven't talked to the police The guy I talked with last night Look, why doesn't he just take my address and come over here? Why not expense account item 3 $5 mileage to Bridgeport in the Brantford Hotel It was a weathered frame building in the harbor district I felt conspicuous walking across the lobby to the desk because I was the only man inside who was wearing a tie I wondered since I was so out of place why that address had been picked for a meeting that I Assumed was not supposed to attract attention My room was in the rear on the ground floor I'd no more than open the single window to air the room of the traces left by its previous tenant When I was signaled to the door dollar Yeah, let me come in You got a driver's license or something better than that a private operative's license You are thanks. I Recognize your voice, but I thought I'd better make sure come on. We're going someplace else Why? Because I'm not sure you weren't followed here, but I'll be sure we aren't going to be followed where we're going I don't like it. It must be this way You've got to believe me. He has to be careful. He doesn't want to get killed What's the matter the gang busting up? Come on. What started the trouble splitting the loot dollar don't bother with me I can't tell you anything because I don't know anything Believe me. I'm only doing this to help him out You don't have to come if you don't want to Why don't we go You won't be coming back here. Don't leave anything with the keys to your car Somebody will drive it out. You know where I parked it. It's the green coupé, isn't it? Yeah, he knows Not through the lobby. There's a rear door. My car is parked just outside We drove without speaking crisscrossing town and backtracking until he was satisfied There were no followers and then out of town and roughly an easterly direction following the shore of Long Island sound I Clocked three and four tenths miles on the speedometer starting at the city limits Then he switched off the lights and turned right into a pair of ruts Finally we bounced to a stop in front of a cabin near the water Watch your step. There are a couple of routes in the path. He's here. Good. You wait in the car Will you I don't think it'll take long The first thing that impressed me as I walked past her into the single room was for you She didn't look much over 20 in spite of rather nondescript short brown hair and a band of freckles across an Irish nose She was attractive. She was very small and her violet eyes were very frightened I'm glad you've come. Where's the man I've come after he left He decided the last minute that it would be better if he didn't meet you tonight. Look, I've had enough I don't play this way. I don't like to be made a fool of what you want Please be patient with us. I've been patient and all I've gotten for it is some vague phone calls pointless instructions and a Meeting in a crummy hotel. That's right out of dime detective. I've had enough. Please help us How can I help you when you don't give me anything? I don't know anything and how can I help somebody who runs away? Far as I know he doesn't even exist I'll show you open Be sure of the Calgary money Did you take the rabbit? I Can take this with me. Yes, I don't get it does it matter. He wants to give himself up. Why this way I told you on the phone He doesn't want to be arrested in this state He wants to go directly to the district attorney's office in New Jersey where the robbery was committed. He'll turn states witness. Yes But he has a demand Promise of immunity it won't work Any promise like that destroys the value of testimony might even borrow it from the trial It's been done. It's never promised. You'll have to take his chances on that doesn't have to be public You can try can't you sure I can try it, but I won't get it Anything else? Yes He wants to be placed in protective custody until after the trial How many other men were in on the job? You wouldn't tell me I Can't tell you anymore. Will you go to New Jersey? I'll have to have two days. I May not be able to see anybody tomorrow. All right, you'll call your heart for the number both nights at 10 You'll have to go now Please do your best Don't be ridiculous dollar. That's one of the most important requests. I've heard since I took office nothing personal mr. Criter. I was asked to make it and I did Well, would you see that he's placed under protective custody until after the trial? Why should I grant this criminal any favor? Well, if it means breaking the Calgary manner it seems to me a favor or two would be worthwhile We'll break it in due time You know where he is. No, but I've been close I may be able to bring him in if I can get you a word on a few of these things and we'll see Do you mind telling us where you've been operating now? You know, I can't tell you that these people are my clients now more or less. I have to keep their conferences Now what's your answer and serve definitely no immunity protective custody All right, yes, we'll assign a couple of men to guard them. Okay, mr. Criter. I'll see what I can do with that You'll hear from me in a day or so Spends account items four and five forty dollars traveled from New Haven to Trenton, New Jersey and from Trenton back to Hartford I reached home too late for the phone call that first night, but it came the next promptly attend from Boston this time Oh What happened no worse than I expected to protection but no immunity They weren't too happy with the situation. I think because they want to make an arrest themselves Yeah, two men are watching my building now. I can lose them if you still want to negotiate Tonight where do we meet? They haven't had time, but they will have you don't quit stalling drive up, so I'll be there Well, let me tell you something.  I slipped out of Hartford found the second bridge beyond Aubendale Pulled off the road and sat there listening to the night. I Sat there for an hour before anything happened. My name is Janet mr. Dollar. Oh Are you the one yes? I'm the one Get in thank you Well, you caused quite a stir gamut yes, so I understand I've heard that crime pays only those who write about it and those who investigate are you on no But satisfy yourself the a and Trenton then by all means the da and friends will be at the cottage by the sound I'd after you have delivered me It wasn't a silent trip with the subject of our scattered conversation was always far removed from the Calgary in that Gannets only typically criminal attitude was one of fear. He was never satisfied that we weren't being followed We weren't I learned that at 9 30 the next morning when we pulled up in front of the state building in Trenton We hadn't been followed. They were waiting for him Someone in the crowd it was impossible to know who shot gannet to death and disappeared in the confusion It was sudden and unexpected More unexpected. I think than learning after police identification that gannet admitted criminal was also Arnold gannet lld professor of law at russell university new haven kinetic To make every day more enjoyable treat yourself often to refreshing delicious wriggly spearmint chewing gum The lively full-bodied real mint flavor cools your mouth moistens your throat Freshens your taste and the chewing itself gives you a little lift Helps you keep going at your best So for real chewing enjoyment, that's refreshing and long lasting always keep wriggly spearmint chewing gum handy Healthful delicious wriggly spearmint gum will make every day more enjoyable And now with our star edmund o' brian, we return you to the second act of yours truly johnny dollar A lot of answers died with professor Arnold gannet on the sidewalk in front of new jersey state building But one had been born at the same time They answered why the police of six states had made no progress in the calgary case They'd been following usual procedures carrying out their investigations in criminal circles There was nothing for me in Trenton except the possibility of a session of questioning by the district attorneys men So I faded out of sight and started back towards the cottage on long island sound All right No, it didn't it blew up somebody was waiting for us in Trenton. He killed gannet as he got out of the car I thought we were careful enough you were careful here and in boston, but nobody was following you They knew where he was going and waited for him How did they find out? I don't know He never told me anything about Where's the girl She's asleep. She stayed awake all night I don't know what this is going to do to her She's his wife She'll have to know You're right. It'll be in the papers tomorrow, won't you? She was going back to new haven in the morning But I can't do it. I don't want to go in. I think you're better. I don't know who you are And so I don't want to lose track of you come on in with Very well This is gannet This is gannet Oh What is it? There's been trouble. Yes, there has where's arnold His dad mrs. Gannet. No He was killed before he could surrender. I I want you to tell me who did it. I don't know I don't know I gave her an hour to get hold of herself During that time. I learned that the other man at the cottage Was earl becker of bridgeport and a gardener at arnold gannet school and closed Please find a copy of his statement I had known arnold gannet since he was a student at russell university We got to be good friends when we started to fish the sound together We didn't have anything else in common That sort of thing draws men together I didn't know anything about the robbery until he told me he was in on it That's all he told me when he asked me to help him surrender I said I would When I returned to the cottage mrs. Gannet was dry I appreciate what you've done. You've tried to help us and I know that you're not to blame for anything Oh, there's no way to stop him. It's all finished now. I want you to go back to hartford. Oh, it's not as simple as that I put myself out in a limb with the new jersey district attorney I won't get off it until this is cleared up Are you telling me the truth when you say you don't know who your husband was teamed up with? I don't know. He wouldn't tell me He said it was safer if I didn't know what did he tell you nothing until after it was all over Two weeks after And I knew he was awake at night because something was troubling him He couldn't lie to me. You know husband was a brilliant man a doctor of letters How'd he get mixed up in this thing? On tuesdays. He taught criminal psychology Before the end of the semester there was a lot of discussion on the brink robbery in boston And he thought he had the best theory of all That the men who rob brings have never been criminals before? Yes We were able to come back to their respectable lives and hide in them. Did he offer that theory to his classes? No That's what started it He couldn't get it out of his mind. He told you this not until afterwards It grew into a challenge that he had to do something about so he did it And was successful And he told me I made him promise to give himself up I'm sorry. I have to keep after you, but there there are things I have to know These classes of his how many students It was a large enrollment this year. There were hundreds Did your husband ever mention a man named al? There were so many I can't remember. Well, he must have kept records. Where could I find a list of his students at our house in new Haven? Well, then we'll have to go there I'll be outside Please let me know as soon as you feel able to leave By now the time element had become important I knew that before long the police would be swarming into gannett's house and make my search impossible I also knew I'd be dragged back to new jersey for questioning On the way into town, I tried to get some more information from mrs. Gannett, but no luck She apparently knew nothing of her husband's actions It was 6 p.m. When she opened the door of professor gannett's office Across one wall stretched a row of file cabinets his records and lists of students I never knew how many men's names start with the letters a and l In an hour becker and I gathered from the 1949 and 50 enrollments some hundred names from alan to alvin There aren't any more here What do you do with a list like this? They live all over the country. Here's one from arizona, Nebraska, florida I don't think we'll have to bother with them You're Dropping it. No I think I've found them Which one? Hey that car check the window. Would you save its police? Yes, it is. I can't talk to them now Show me the back way out of here. Would you this leads to the hall? Uh, what shall we tell them? Well, don't lie yourself into a trap Tell them I just left, uh You don't know where I was going. Have you read the papers mr. Mathews? Professor gannett. Yes, it's hard to believe you knew him. Yes, I'd met him I'm awfully sorry about this But now you know how the robbery was carried off with such perfection, don't you? What do you mean? You mentioned it yourself. They knew exactly where the armored truck would be and when Your son albert was a student of professor gannett. What are you intermitting? Well, there are thousands of students at russell I don't know of any other who has connections with a company that was robbed I won't stand for it. The crime was committed because of a fixation professor gannett had about the brink robbery He felt he had to prove that respectable people could commit a crime and get away with it He did it But he couldn't have without knowing where your truck was going and approximately when it left new york Where is your son? Strangely enough this possibility had crossed my mind too, but I I just can't believe where is he He's in his room hacking for a canoe trip up and from up. Which one is his room? I'll show you. Come on. It's upstairs Your suspicions are very strong. I think yes, they are Mr. Matthews What have you learned about my son? That his name is albert then there there is no proof. I don't know I want to find out, but he would have no reason to do anything like this I have always given him everything he wanted But he's a brilliant boy much too intelligent Here's his room Al Yes, dad. What is it? May we come in? Well, I was just finishing Oh, I'm sorry. Al, uh, this is mr. Dollar. I'm the investigator working on the cal grey matter Oh Well, I Excuse the room my stuff's all over the place. I'm going up north. Where were you this morning at nine o'clock? Why I Look, what is this? Where were you? I don't see that it makes any difference. It does Because I was with professor arnold gannett at nine o'clock Before he was killed. He called to somebody named al What does he mean dad? I don't understand Nine if I look over your room For what for a gun a 38 from the sound of it The police will be able to check the slugs that killed gannett I Yes, albert dad, I I did it I don't know why I I don't What do I do? I don't know Dad it It wasn't supposed to end like this Dad I I can't help you now son All right All right, then I'll get away.  Matthew Yes, mr. Dollar I'm sorry too albert matthew statement by the time he had finished involved two other law students They too were from families that should have not included criminals And I wonder if professor gannett's unsuccessful experiment doesn't mean that the brink robbery Two million dollars wasn't committed by persons now hiding behind respectable lives Expense account total 1180 dollars Yours truly johnny dollar Remember friends to make every day more enjoyable treat yourself often to refreshing delicious wriggly spearmint chewing gum There's lots of cooling real mint flavor in every stick And chewing wriggly spearmint helps keep you feeling fresh and alert You feel better work better get more fun out of doing things So indoors outdoors wherever you go keep some healthful refreshing wriggly spearmint chewing gum handy To make every day more enjoyable treat yourself often to delicious wriggly spearmint chewing gum Yours truly johnny dollar brought to you by wriggly spearmint gum Stars edmund o' brian in the title role and is written by gildowden david ellis with music composed and conducted by elite steven Edmund o' brian can soon be seen starring in the columbia pictures production 711 ocean drive Featured in tonight's cast were ted osburn, florence lake bill bush a virginia greg john daner and terry kilburn Yours truly johnny dollar is produced and directed by heimei del vay The makers of wriggly spearmint chewing gum Hope you've enjoyed tonight's story of johnny dollar and that you're enjoying delicious wriggly spearmint chewing gum every day We invite you to join us again next week at the same time when from hollywood Edmund o' brian returns in another adventure of yours truly johnny dollar Bob stevensson speaking. This is cbs the columbia broadcasting system


What I plan to do, I'll tell you briefly about myself, tell you about the organization I work for, and then give you some of the real, most recent questions and issues and research projects that we have worked on over the past few months. I started by teaching junior and senior high, social studies back in Massachusetts, did it for 11 years, and what Pam said in her introduction is true. I don't know if you heard chicken soup with a P or chicken soup with a T. We're dealing with a chicken soup, and I'll tell you how that worked out. After 11 years of teaching kids, and those of you who are parents or teachers, you know what I'm talking about. My last day of teaching, I walked into a ninth grade class, wearing a chicken suit. And I still have photographs of this. Gene, I think you've seen it before. I don't know if Wes has seen the picture, but it wasn't my best day of mental health, but it felt good to wear a chicken suit on my last day.  And I said, I am too. I told the story to Pam, and she was cackling about it for a few minutes. Cackle. I was gonna go to law school, but I decided, you know, that I would first become a litigation paralegal at a major Boston law firm. I got certified as such. Then a funny thing began to happen to me as a litigation paralegal. The more I saw about the practice of law, the less I liked it. And I think it really hit me. I'm sitting in a deposition one day. Our law firm was defending these two, I'm sorry, our law firm was defending a huge multinational company whose name I still can't tell you, but they had two brothers who had worked for them, who they had invented this fantastic scientific instrument. The brothers contended that the company for which they worked had stolen the rights and everything else, and were leaving them out in the cold. And as the deposition wore on, I came to believe more and more these brothers who everybody thought were sort of wackos that they were right and that the big multinational company for which they worked was wrong. Fortunately, it was around that time I met our law firm's law library staff and I began to hang out with them and I began to realize, gee, I can work with medical information and legal information and demographic and scientific and everything else. All this information is there for me to work with and I don't have to practice law to do it. And that's really what pulled me into law librarianship. I went to graduate school at UC Berkeley, the school of, back then it was a school of information studies. And then I began 20 years working in the law firms here in San Francisco. I love my work. I excelled at it. I felt that I served our clients' needs very well. I made some great friends, including our very own Mark Estes. By the way, you've never seen Mark Blush. Mark has been named about a month ago. He was named to the American Association of Law Libraries Hall of Fame, which is a really big deal in our association. Anyhow, behind all of my happiness and all the money I was making as a law firm librarian, something was missing. And I didn't quite know what it was. One day I was walking into this building, which at the time was sort of new. And I bumped into a woman named Susan Carson. I had known Susan from a previous law firm I'd worked for. She's an attorney. And she said, you know, our department, the Department of Justice, the Attorney General's Office, we're starting to advertise for a supervising librarian position. Why don't you apply? So I thought about it and thought about it. And that was about 10 years ago. I got the job. And I have to tell you that professionally speaking, I've never been more satisfied. I've never been happier than in the role I play right now. We have about 250 attorneys here in San Francisco in about 1500 statewide. We're in San Francisco, Sacramento, Los Angeles, San Diego, Oakland and Fresno. So what do you do?  You might be wondering. And who's this Kamala Harris who I see on TV all the time? Let me just briefly explain some of the functions in that we do in a way that might virtually have a connection to you. Environmental law comes to mind. You know, we're all worrying about water and water and water and lack of water. But who sees to it that the water is being allocated fairly to the cities and towns and the counties around California. And it's a big deal. Environmental law is a big deal with us. Along the lines of environmental law, anybody here have a VW diesel? Oh, take. How do you, how does that make you feel? You know, we are suing VW for falsifying the results of their emissions control tests. And that's not a secret to anybody. And where that's going to go, no one knows. Health quality enforcement.  Arthritis, you're gonna have to have an artificial knee put in. You wake up the next day after surgery and you find that the physician, she's, no one's perfect, she did the right leg instead. You know, that happens. So never at UCSF, of course, but we're getting done. So who is to see that the Medical Board of California pulls your doctor's license and makes sure this kind of thing never happens again with this doctor? That's us. State contractors, you build an addition onto your house. In six months, the whole thing falls in and you're left with just a shack who regulates the state, the contractors in California who have state licenses. Well, that's us too. A government law. Someday, probably not in my lifetime, but maybe in the lifetime of your kids, there's gonna be high speed trains going between San Francisco and Los Angeles. The California High Speed Rail Authority is a big client of ours. And that's certainly something that could have an effect on all of us in this room if we're around to see it. We also do a lot of litigation in the United States Supreme Court.  Just in the years that I've been with the department, 2011, the violent video games case that reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Anyone know that one? Okay, the state legislature and its wisdom passed a law that said if you're gonna be selling violent video games in California, you have to have a parental advisory on them. Anybody, this is real trivia. Maybe you'll know this one too. Does anybody know which member of the state legislature wrote the law? That was, I'll give you a clue. He's doing prison time right now. Leland Yee was the author of the bill. So we argue that one. And our library did a lot of work putting forth the state government's position in the matter. And we got killed, it was seven to two. And Justice Scalia wrote the majority opinion. But, you know, we tried. 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court decides a case called Riley versus California. That involved the right of the cops to arrest you and take your smartphone and download the information regardless of what the contents were. As long as they had arrested you, they could download the stuff. And I have to say we weren't too disappointed when we lost that one unanimously, nine to nothing. Earlier this year, just a few months ago, the U.S. Supreme Court decided a case where it dealt with the rights of public employees like myself, like Pam, to join or not join public employee unions. And that was one of the goofy decisions because it was a tie, four to four. And I think you might have been reading about that one. Justice Scalia, he didn't vote on that one, but he might be looking at the decision from wherever he is. And that's certainly gonna be around for years to come, the rights of public employees to unionize or not unionize. So let me finish by just briefly going over 10 very, very recent reference questions that we've done. And these have not made it to the U.S. Supreme Court yet. Maybe they will. I wanna know the top 10 California newspapers by circulation. What does the federal government have to say these days on the issue of racial profiling? I need some expert witnesses on the interaction of drugs and chronic pain medication. There's a small band of Indians living out in Fresno County. I wanna know the numbers of members of the tribe for the past 30 years as measured by various census information and so on and so on. That was an interesting one. Has a corporation ever been charged with murder in California? That sounds like a law and order kind of case. I wanna know about the extent of high-speed internet coverage in various Southern California communities. Gene worked on that, did an amazing job. What are the latest developments in transgender surgery? And for that one we used UCSF quite a bit to get material. Track down a missing witness for us. We haven't heard from her in 22 years. We need to know where she is. In 1989 there was a murder case that was tried in Alameda County. What kind of news coverage did it get? And that sounds easy but remember 1989 there wasn't a heck of a lot of electronic coverage of stuff. I wanna report about trends. Trends in compensation levels for executives of nonprofits. That had to do with since we regulate nonprofits and the corporate, the nonprofit executive was getting X amount of money. Is that in line or not in line with norms? So that's the kind of stuff we do with sophisticated. You're working with lawyers who have an inherent level of sophistication to begin with. And as I say to my friends, usually, usually not all the time but usually I feel that we're on the right side. Thanks.


sizing procedure for indoor remotely controlled airships. Let us first look at the motivation for developing this sizing procedure, we are looking at indoor remotely controlled airships which are a special class of airships. We want that these airships should look like an actual airship, we do not want to go into any odd shaped envelopes which may be easier to fabricate or any fancy shape. Also it should not be that it does not carry anything, so although it will not be used for any heavy payload because they are going to be small in size since they are indoor, it should definitely have some decent payload capacity so that at least a small camera or any other payload can be carried by the user. Also we want the airship to be fully functional, it should have proper 3 axis control in the pitch, in the yaw and in the roll domain. Let us first define the problem, we are looking at a situation when there is no systematic design approach available in open literature. Although there are textbooks, there are papers, there are handouts and various procedures available for sizing of an outdoor airship, whether it is remotely controlled, whether it is manned or autonomous but to the best of our knowledge there is no systematic design procedure available for sizing a small indoor airship. So this particular exercise helps to bridge that particular gap. So what do we need? We need a design and fabrication methodology for a non-rigid indoor airship. As you all know, airships can have various different internal structural configurations, they could be non-rigid which have no moving parts inside, they could be rigid which have rigid framework or they could be semi-rigid. In our case we are going to focus on the first and the simplest type which is the non-rigid indoor airship. As I mentioned, although it is meant for only indoor work it should have some decent payload capacity and in this exercise we are looking at approximately 250 grams of payload. It should be electrically powered because that is the most appropriate propulsion system for such small indoor airships. And to ensure that we can operate it from small and limited space available in indoor environment, we are putting a restriction that the length should be less than 4 meters. Anything more than 4 meters can be considered to be large enough not to be able to be handled easily indoors. Although there could be indoor stadia which can handle more than 4 meters airship very easily but generally we thought let us keep it within 4 meters. And that is why the testing area of this particular airship is expected to be any indoor hall or a classroom. So looking at the requirements we came up with the list of some parameters which have to be kept in mind. For it to be portable, see non-rigid airships the beauty is that they can be packed and they can be the envelope can be I mean once you detach the fin the gondola and the other avionic components when you have just the envelope you can deflate the envelope and you can fold it roll it and save it inside a box. So a typical suitcase that is carried under the birth of a railway train in India fits within the length of 68 centimeters, 49 centimeters and 28 centimeters. So we wanted that all the components of the airship perhaps except the fin maybe which can be just packed and kept standing we should be able to fit all the components inside this particular box. And then when we go and do a demo of this airship at some location at max within an hour we should be able to put it together. So it should have features which will allow it to be quickly dismantled. Since we want it to be maneuverable we would like it to be able to move in all directions and also it should be able to do a spot turn. By a spot turn I mean that the airship should be able to do an almost a 360 degree turn right at the place where it is without necessarily needing a large area or volume to do that. So the reason is that we are going to look for a typical demo arena as a enclosed area auditorium and sometimes you may be required to do a spot turn to bring the airship back towards you. The payload 250 grams could comprise of any onboard sensor or disposable items in many cases one can install a small box containing chocolates or cards which can be dropped on the people below just for fun or for sending a message. So that is why we wanted to have sufficient volume in the gondola of the airship to carry these small items totally about 250 grams in weight. Now whether you use hydrogen or you use helium for the lifting gas the commercially available cylinders come in about 7 cubic meter capacity. So if we buy one cylinder we should be able to use it for 4 fillings. So therefore the volume of the airship was constrained to be approximately 1 fourth of 7 cubic meters so that we can have 4 refills using one cylinder. Please note that the actual amount of gas which is generally available from a cylinder is not 7 cubic meters but around 6.5 cubic meters. So therefore at least it will allow more than 3 fillings. The endurance of the airship we wanted it to be sized the batteries to be sized such a way that it can at least fly for 15 minutes because when you do a demo if you do not do it for around 10 to 15 minutes it is not enough for the audience to understand and appreciate. The LTA gas could be either hydrogen or helium as you know hydrogen actually gives you more lift than helium around 7% higher lifting capacity but hydrogen is not very popular because it is combustible. Helium on the other hand is very inert however it is very very expensive and not easily available. So what we do is we size the airship for helium and then see if we can manage with with hydrogen you definitely get more lift than that. And very important requirement is the shape of the envelope it should look like a real airship and not some fancy shape. So let us start our calculations by a very simple look at aerostatics. So we need to understand the concept of gross and net lift. Gross lift is nothing but the product of density of the ambient air and the volume enclosed by the envelope of the LTA system that is a gross lift that is a total vertical force which will be created. So from the principle of buoyancy because we are displacing air due to the presence of the airship envelope therefore you will get gross lift is equal to rho A into V ENV where rho A stands for ambient air density and V ENV stands for envelope volume. The net lift is equal to the gross lift minus the mass of the lifting gas enclosed inside the volume. So it will be L gross minus rho G into V ENV or if you just take L gross formula it becomes rho A minus rho G into V ENV. So therefore the net lift that is available to you will be the difference of the density of the two gases outside and inside. This difference multiplied by the volume of the envelope will give you the gross, this difference will give you the net lift and that is what is available for you to lift the airship. So if the total mass of the airship is within this then you will get to be afloat otherwise you need to increase the volume. So the various factors which affect the net lift are listed as internal pressure, superheat, humidity, gas, purity, etc. But we are not going to really bother about that too much and also we have to understand that there are two important points the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity. Center of buoyancy is the volumetric center of the envelope where the net buoyancy force is expected to act and center of gravity is the center of mass and they both may not be the same. However in a good airship design we try to ensure the location of center of gravity to be right below the center of buoyancy so that we do not get any net moments when the airship starts moving. And then we need to understand the concept of static heaviness. Static heaviness is basically the amount of excess weight above the buoyancy that the airship has. So if I find that the net lift is say 100 units and the weight of the entire airship is 105 units then the airship is statically heavy by 5 units. So that is static heaviness. Normally when we fly airships we fly them statically heavy because if in case you lose control then you do not want them to drift up or stay in the air you want them to come down because of static heaviness. And also because as the airship develops lift when we make it fly forward some excess lift will be created and if it is not statically heavy then it will unnecessarily start climbing up so that also helps. Okay now let us look at the design methodology which we are going to follow. Envelope sizing is the first step that we need to do and envelope sizing is affected by many parameters. First of all it is the shape that you choose then the shapes will result in dimensions depending on the self weight of the envelope fabric which is a function of the material that you use for the airship and then the size of the envelope also depends on how much payload you carry. Larger the payload, larger will be the envelope size and also when we decide the material we also have to be careful that it should be easy to fabricate otherwise it will be theoretically very nice but very difficult to fabricate and ultimately this exercise is basically meant to teach you how to design an airship which you can eventually fabricate. So here is a broad overview of the design methodology that we will follow but I will take you through this one by one. So we start the process by an initial estimate of the envelope volume which we have to do it based on our past experience or based on some assumptions. Okay this is just a starting point because it is an iterative process and if this envelope volume that we have assumed is not enough you will be coming back to change it. If it is too large then you are going to have much higher payload than needed again you can reduce it. So this is iterative process. To start with you can assume the envelope volume to be one fourth of the cylinder volume because that is the constraint. So let us say you have assumed some number for the envelope volume the first thing that you do is you select the envelope. Now there are many criteria which are available for selection of the envelope we will discuss about them. I will show you a few typical envelope shapes I will talk about the merits and demerits of each of them. So you choose some shape remember our constraint is that we cannot choose some awkward or odd or fancy shape we need to choose a shape that looks like an actual airship which flies. Once we select the shape we can go ahead and do the geometric sizing. By geometry sizing what we mean is arriving at the dimensions like maximum diameter, length, surface area etc that is the next step. Once you estimate surface area of the airship you are then in a position to carry out the selection of the envelope material and hence you can estimate the weight because surface area is known to you. Once you do that you then go for tail sizing. Now a tail on an airship is required like on any aircraft to provide control and stability. So there are procedures available by which we can do what is the appropriate tail size for a particular shape of a particular dimension and because you have done the tail sizing you will be able to do the estimation of the weight of the tail. Then we create a CAD model of the whole airship because we would like to do some aerodynamic analysis. Now one other way of doing it is to make a wind tunnel model but then wind tunnel model is an expensive activity it is time consuming and how many models will you make because you may have to change the shape eventually. So generally what most people do is they create a CAD model and then they use standard computational dynamics techniques to estimate the drag and hence the power. Power comes from drag into velocity that is all. So you calculate how much power will be needed to overcome the requirements. Once you know the power then you can estimate you can select the electrical motors. Once you know the power that is available you can select the electrical motors which are appropriate to give that to meet the requirement and with that you can also get the weight of these electrical motors and the associated accessories which go with it. Finally we choose the avionics. Avionics are the electronic equipment that go on the airship for various purposes and with that once you choose the avionics you will get the avionics weight. Now since you have all the weights you can calculate the aerostatic lift because you have the envelope dimensions and the gas plus so and you also know the weight of envelope tail, electrical motors and avionics if you add that you get total weight. So the difference between the aerostatic lift available and the payload and total weight of the system if it is matching that means the payload requirement is met so you can stop or if you find that the payload requirement is not met you change the envelope volume either you can increase it or you can decrease it because if you have too much volume or if you have too much lift it is not good you will have to carry dead weight called the last to take care of it. So therefore it is good idea to maybe go back and reduce the volume and then this cycle keeps on iterating till convergence and once it is converged you get the output.


If you are at all confused by all of the different Mac automation apps that I've been mentioning recently, then stick around, because hopefully this video should shed a little bit more light on it for you. Hello, welcome to Take One Tech, my name's Alec. And over the recent weeks, I've been making quite a few videos about Mac automation apps and how I use them on my Mac. And I realized that it can be a little bit confusing because I'm talking about lots of different applications, understanding sort of how these all fit together into a sort of bigger picture really, because there is a lot of overlap in terms of the functionality of them all as well. So it certainly can be confusing to understand which to use for which and so on. So that is why I thought I would make this video today. Now, I do intend to actually create a whole series of videos about each of these. So you may have noticed that some of my videos have been beginner's guides and then just one video. Well, there is more to come because I'm gonna do the beginner's guides to all of them and the advanced guides and then sort of start to piece them all together into a sort of overall cohesive productivity system which basically details how I use them all together. Now, I'm not gonna be able to go over all of my little automations in these videos because I've literally got thousands of them, but I can certainly put together sort of the building blocks of them so you can see how you may use these pieces of software all together to help you get more done on your Mac. And incidentally, this was really the goal of this channel when I started it out. It was intended to be a sort of Mac productivity channel to show how to make better use of your Mac, but I went down the Ecamm Rathole, which I love, purely because I love the software so much and so it was in using Ecamm to make this video and all these videos for my channel and other videos as well that just fell in love with it. And so that's why there's been quite a lot of Ecamm heavy stuff on my channel recently which will continue, by the way, because I'm still loving it and they're still making more and more improvements to it all the time. And the other thing that's featured quite heavily is the Stream Deck, because that's another gadget that I've just totally fallen in love with. But fortunately, all of these things work well together and Stream Deck especially works perfectly with all of these productivity tools as well. So let me get onto it, shall I? And I've done something. Are you ready? Are you ready? I've made a slide. I've made a slide because what I'm gonna do is I'm basically going to run through all of the different apps that I'm currently using for automation and then just sort of give you an overview of each one and where I use each one and how I use each one. So we've got Automata, Keyboard, Mystro, Hazel, Text, Expander, Moom and Alfred. Some of these are more essential than others but you'll see why I've included them a little bit later. So the first one that I've included that I haven't really talked about much on the channel as yet, but I will be making some videos about it, is Automata. And a lot of people don't know that Automata is actually built in to every Mac. It is Apple's own automation software and there's a huge proportion of the Mac user base that doesn't actually know that it's there or the power that it has in it. So I've included it here for that obvious reason and I do use it for some specific use cases. In fact, this video was prompted because I got a question on Twitter. By the way, if you're not following me, it's takeonetech underscore. I know some cheeky monkey had got to take one tech before me, about two years before me to be fair. So it's not like anything sneaky about it. But anyway, takeonetech underscore if you wanna follow me on Twitter. But somebody had asked me cause I mentioned in the last keyboard Mystro video that I did, I mentioned that I also use Automata. And the question was why do I use Automata when keyboard Mystro can do most of the things that it can do? What is it that it can't do basically? So there is a few things that Automata does that keyboard Mystro can't do. And so I'll come on to explain those a little bit later. I've also done videos about Hazel, TextExpander and Moom. I haven't done a video yet, but it's coming about Alfred because I do use Alfred as well. And Alfred is basically, if you're familiar with Spotlight on the Mac, which is the Mac's built-in search function, then Alfred is kind of like a sort of Spotlight on steroids, if you like. It's a much better for me, than a search tool to search the Mac from the keyboard just by initiating it with Command Space. I've replaced the Spotlight with Alfred now. Now there is some other advanced automation stuff that Alfred can do, but I'll mention that a little bit later as well. So first of all, I've sort of created some categories of different things that they do. And then we're gonna basically build out this matrix to show you what each of them does compared to each one and then which ones I use for which, if that makes sense. So the first one is there is a couple of differences or there is two different ways that automations can work. There's some of them that can work in the background. So you basically just set up whatever automation is and then it just works away doing its thing without you even really being aware that it's done it. You just know that it's done, if that makes sense. But then there are other ones that require some sort of trigger, some something to initiate the actual automation. And there are various ways that you can trigger them. So keyboard triggers is one, the keyboard shortcut or something like that. So first of all, for keyboard triggers, all of them can be triggered by keyboard shortcuts except Hazel. Hazel is the one that can only be, only just basically works in the background.  The next one down is folder actions. Now, this is basically where Hazel excels because Hazel only does folder actions. It basically, all its job is, is to watch a folder and then it notices something happening with that folder or the contents of the folder, I beg your pardon. And then it performs an action based on the criteria that you've set. Now, I did do a video about this. So this is the time when I point up in the top and say, I'll link to that video. And I've got more videos to come on Hazel, but basically in a nutshell, as I say, it just watches a folder and it'll perform some actions. The example that I gave in the introductory video was I have it watching my downloads folder. And when I download anything from Adobe Stock, for example, Hazel notices that there is a new file appeared and that it has come from the Adobe Stock website. And so it then files it away for me in my Adobe Stock photos file. I also have it, for example, my e-cam live recordings that are recording these videos. They're recorded live to tape, as it were, or to disk. And so I have them on the hard drive of my Mac Mini, but then after they've sat there for two days, I have it automatically archive them and put them somewhere else. So it just means that they're not clogging up my main hard drive, it's put off to an external drive. So that's the sort of thing that Hazel can do. Now, Automator and Keyboard Maestro can both do this as well. You can program this in those to do it as well. But I keep anything related to folder actions. So basically my automated filing, I just have that all handled by Hazel because I find it a lot easier to actually create these little automations in Hazel. And secondly, it just means that they're all in one location and it's just far easier to work with. It does one thing and it does it extremely well. And that will be a bit of a theme as we go through some of these other ones as well. The next one is text expansion. So text expansion can be done by Automator, Keyboard Maestro, Text Expander and Alfred. So this is where basically you type a couple of little keystrokes and then it populates the field or whatever you're in or file with a whole load of text. So it expands from a couple of little snippets of text to a couple of little keystrokes rather to a whole snippet of text. So the example that I use for this is like basically storing email addresses and things like that. You don't wanna be typing out your whole email or your whole address or your whole web URL or something like that. So you can just type a couple of little keystrokes and it will just expand it to be your full email address. But you can do a lot more than that as well. So I've done an example on Text Expander recently where it could basically, you could just copy someone's email address and then it could go and populate an entire email with the email address, the subject and then maybe adding in some like company information. I use it for things like creating quotes, contracts and all that sort of stuff as well. And the app that I use for this, you might be surprised to learn, given we're talking about text expansion, is Text Expander. Again, it's one of these apps that does one thing and it does it exceptionally well. If you want to go and create text snippets and things like that in Keyboard Maestro, you have to open up Keyboard Maestro same with Automator and Alfred actually as well. You have to open it up and go and create these and there's a certain process to it that is a little bit more sort of long-winded I guess than Text Expander. Whereas with that, there's a little shortcut to in the menu bar to create new snippet and it's as easy as that to just create something new. Also, Text Expander notices when you're typing the same things over and over again and it will say to you, hey, I've noticed you're doing this. Do you want to create a snippet from this thing that you've just typed, 10 times in the past couple of days or something like that. So it's actually prompting you as well to help you save time. So I use Text Expander for anything related to text expansion. Now there are occasions actually where I do want to do this through Keyboard Maestro as part of a bigger macro. But in that case, I still actually have the main Text Expansion snippet stored in Text Expander and I just actually activate it from within Keyboard Maestro. It's just, that's just the way my mind works. I know then that all of my little snippets are in Text Expander. I say little, some of them are literally reams of text long, whole contracts and things like that that can be just initiated with a couple of little keystrokes. So big fan of Text Expander. The next one is Window Management and that is by Window Management, I mean positioning windows on the screen in the ways that you want them. So if you want, you know, you've got a document open and a website and you want them side by side so that you're typing something while you're doing some research or something like that or maybe you're looking at some data and you've got your Excel file and something else that you're looking up. Whatever the case, if you want to position windows on the screen and have some sorts of automation so that you can always put them back into the same places, there are a few options. And once again, Automator and Keyboard Maestro can both do this and so can Moom and Moom. Once again, we're coming back to, it is a specialist app and it does this and it does it very well. It's all about Window Management. So whilst you can do it in Keyboard Maestro or Automator, I will always use Moom for Window Management. And I have a whole series of setups. So for example, when I'm recording a video, I want to have my e-cam live there. I want to have any, whoops, sorry, hitting the mic's done there, having any sort of demo windows or Safari or things like that open so that they're framed properly for the screen sharing or things like this. You know, this is framed in the correct location for me to do this screen sharing. So I have it for that. I also have it for Zoom calls and in that case, I still need my e-cam live open for the virtual camera, but I don't want that front and center, I want that over to the side, smaller window and my Zoom full screen and things like that or larger screen. There's lots of different use cases where you want windows all arranged in different places. And like I say, you can program this all in Keyboard Maestro, but it's very finicky by comparison because you have to go and set the location of different windows individually and referencing where you're referencing them from from like the top corner or whatever. It's just a bit of a long workaround when compared to Moon, because Moon, you can just put all the windows where you want and then click Save and save it as a snapshot so that they're all in that position. And then you can assign a shortcut key to it. And then when you press that shortcut key, everything just goes into that position. And the great thing about it is if ever you do need to update this so you decide well now I actually need to add something else into this workflow and so I need this extra window there all the time as well. Rather than having to go in and reprogram that, you just basically update the snapshot and it's just a lot smoother and a lot slicker. It can also do general things like just snapping to the left or the right or the top or the bottom if you've just got an ad hoc window placement if that even is a thing. Anyway, I did a video all about Moon as well. So we'll leave a link to that up in the top corner. All of these apps will be linked in the description obviously and all of the videos I've done related to these will be in the description as well. And I'll also at the end leave a link to the productivity app playlist which I'm gonna create because I've got a playlist for apps. I've got a playlist for set apps but I think I'm gonna have a playlist specifically for sort of productivity sort of stuff as well. So that is window management. The next one is internet search. So there is ways that you can, obviously you can just open a browser, can't you? But with Automata, Keyboard Maestro and Alfred you can actually search the web. If you're, for example, you've got a bit of text and you just wanna search on that specific bit of text rather than opening Safari or Chrome or whatever it is and then going and typing it in or pasting it in. And then there's also Alfred which has got this as a, basically when you do a search in the same way that you would search with Spotlight it actually brings up a whole series of different web-related searches. And you can search on Wikipedia, search on Google, search on different search engines or search locations. And that can all be programmed into Alfred. So it means that if there's something you want to look up you can actually just with typing whatever it is you want to look for and then have it look in that specific location. So I do use Alfred primarily for this for doing just sort of ad hoc searches. I do also do it in Keyboard Maestro though where I've got it as part of a macro. So for example, I can just click on if I'm copying a bit of text for example I can just click a button and it will search the copied text the last thing that was copied on the clipboard. So there is a couple of times where I do have a few actions built into or set up rather in Keyboard Maestro but in general I use this with Alfred. Now the next few are Mac services. So these are all basically as you will see all automated only features. And Mac services are if you look up in the menu bar of the Mac when you've got any application open you've always got as well as all the different menus like the file, the edit or whatever type of menu it is you've always got one that has got the name of the application itself.  Now there are a load of them built into the Mac but with Automator you can actually create your own. And these tend to have, now I'm just realizing I've not talked about Apple Script or things like that because that is more like the language as opposed to the actual application but you can program with Apple Scripts and JavaScript and things like that you can program little services that sit up in that menu. So that is something that I do use Automator for where I've got things that I want to have specifically in that services menu. The next thing is creating standalone apps and once again Automator is the only thing that you can use to do this. So all of the others they actually run within their own app whereas with Automator you can actually basically create some series of Automator actions and then basically package these all up as a standalone application. Now where might you want to do that? Well perhaps you might want to have an application that sits in your dock that when you click it it actually goes and opens a whole load of other applications so you might have like a work mode for example app that sits in your dock and when you click it it opens up a whole series of applications, shut down some others. That might be a use case you have for it. I don't actually use it for that but that would be an example. Now you can basically do anything or almost anything that you would want to do in a standalone app. You could just do it in keyboard maestro and have it triggered by a keyboard shortcut instead of being an app but sometimes it's handy to have it as an app in the dock. The other thing that you could do is have it that performs a certain number of actions like for example you can make a little app that sits in the dock and then if you've got a whole series of files you just drag them onto that app and then it will zip them all up and create a zip file to you know if you're gonna send them off to someone. So there's a whole series of things where you may like it as a workflow to have it as a standalone app. I do have some of these that I've got that are hanging around that from you know things that I've created before but to be honest with you I do tend to just do all this sort of stuff with keyboard maestro now especially now that we can link this with the stream deck as well which is relatively new to me compared to all these other things I've been using for you know 16 years or more whereas the stream deck is relatively new to me within the last year but yeah now I prefer to just sort of press a button or a keystroke for most of these things. So another thing that you can't do with these others is recording macros and that is something that is again specific to automator. So basically these last three are the reasons why I still have automator as part of my workflow and as opposed to just only keyboard maestro and by record macros what I mean is you can actually just set it recording and then go and do a series of tasks and it will create an automation from that. So I use this one. It's often when I'm doing something that is a series of repetitive tasks but maybe it might be just for the day. If I'm doing something specific on a specific website where like let's say for example I'm downloading a load of data and it's on over several pages and so I've got to go to the page, download some data, go back to the page click to the next page, download some more data maybe paste it into a different file and if it's something that is repetitive and I'm going to be doing it over 30 pages of data or something like that on a website just as an example that would be an ideal thing to do with automator where you just click record, do it once and then say now do that 30 times and it would just go away and do it. So I use it more for the recording macros for kind of little ad hoc tasks that are either something that I'm doing in one day or maybe for one week or something like that and I know that I'm not going to have it there for years like most of my other actions so I don't necessarily need it sort of clogging up my keyboard maestro. So that is the other use case that I have for automator. But essentially out of all of these apps really these top four, the keyboard maestro, oh so by the way, yes, obviously I've highlighted some of these apps so there's five of them that I've highlighted for specific use cases. The only one that hasn't been highlighted for specific use cases is keyboard maestro and that's because that's what I use for everything else. That's kind of like the backbone of all of the automation. Hazel, TextExpander, Moom are used for specific use cases. Alfred, to be honest, I could live without it. I could just do these things with like the searches and stuff, I could do that with keyboard maestro and Apple's built-in spotlight is pretty robust as it is. And by the way, Alfred does have an add-on package to do automations and things like that as well. I haven't bothered with that. I just have it the sort of base version of it. So the initial sort of paid version but not the upgrade to what do they call it? I think they call it workflows or something like that. I can't quite remember, but I don't use it anyway. That is a much more sort of visual way of doing things. And if you look into the Alfred automation stuff so it's more like sort of blocks and you position them in a line to do different things and you can have it go off and do multiple different things. So I suppose it is a simplified version in some ways of keyboard maestro and it's more sort of visual, I guess, but it's nowhere near as versatile. So I just haven't bothered with it. So yeah, I could probably live without Alfred. Automator, as I say, it is handy to have those things to be able to record the macros. So I do think that that is quite valuable but it is free and it's built into every Mac anyway. The Mac services and the standalone apps, again, I could probably live without that because a lot of those have just got hanging around from when I used it a long time ago. I can't remember the last time that I actually built made a little app in Automator because keyboard maestro is just so much easier for me, personally at this stage. So yeah, keyboard maestro is definitely the one that sort of underpins it all, I guess. So out of all of those, the sort of four that I would think are, I guess, sort of essential and what I'm gonna be building out as part of this video series, I guess, would be those four, keyboard maestro, Hazel, text expander, and also Moom because I think that's just great to be able to set up all of your windows and get into different mind frames for different stages of work or different tasks that you're doing, basically. So that was my slide. I hope you found that useful and it gives a bit more of an overview of how all these things could link together. And obviously you can just use one or none or some or all of them, it's totally up to you. And these do work very well with Stream Deck as well. So I've talked in the last video was how specifically I use a text expander, keyboard maestro together with the Stream Deck as well. So yeah, I'll be expanding out on all of this as well. I nearly did a Tom Buck joke there. Sorry about that. I'll leave the puns to Tom. So that's all for this video. But if you have found this interesting, then leave a message down below in the comments. I do always love to hear those. And if you've got any specific use cases or any other Mac automation apps that I have not left up, I have not got on the list. I know there are others and there's others that I've tried and there are some others that I do use as well, but really those are the core to my sort of productivity system, if you can call it that. So there will be plenty more videos to come. And like I say, I will leave a link to that playlist over on the right hand side. So don't go anywhere. There's plenty more coming up. Have a great day. Until I see you next time.


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