the rest of us as well, dare I say, who are not so young as well, then the global social structures collapse and things just go very badly wrong. So it's absolutely incumbent that we find the right people, we find the right jobs for them, we find the right jobs for them later in their careers as well. And I know that a big part of this report, which I'm just going to show you a few snippets from as well, is about re-skilling. And one message that I know the World Economic Forum wants to make as well, and it's not, you have your education, you go off and work, it's about the lifelong process as well. And I think this is absolutely fascinating and that's why I'm really glad that some of you have turned up for it. In fact, you've all turned up, so that's brilliant. We have a great panel for you and I'll tell you who we've got in a few moments time. But as I say, they've given me the clicker. So why don't we just see what the survey on the jobs report says in 2023. This one moves a lot as well and I think I have to click it again, so let's just see what happens. So 673 million employees were part of the larger survey. Now, I think this is fascinating. Great. 69 million jobs will be created over the next five years driven by new technologies, green transition, agriculture as well, by the way. But now, I think that's quite a challenging number. 69 million created. 83 million jobs lost.  But the displacement, the changes going on. What was that number there? It was a quarter of jobs expected to change in the next five years, some 23% by 2027. And if we extrapolate that across the entire global workforce, that just already underlines my point about reskilling at various stages in your career as well. I can move on because I'm doing very well on the clicker. I've actually done nothing wrong with this yet so far. So I'm rather proud of myself, whatever else happens in this panel. So look, as I say, green transition, technology, but the economic outlook is certainly moving as a negative driver at the moment. And that is something, of course, that a minister such as the gentleman to my right, must contend with as well, despite all the exciting things that are going on, structure as well. Technology, surely that is absolutely fascinating. The fact that we've gone from, now what was it it said in the report, I have to remember here, I should be looking at my notes, robot revolution to AI Armageddon as well. And let's be honest about it. We've told our young people, I've told my daughters, you've got to learn about programming, you've got to learn your math, you must be STEM advocates as well. And yet, is there a computer out there in a few years that won't be able to do it better than them? So are we taking our children down the wrong path? I don't know the answers. Maybe some of my panelists do, maybe some of you do as well. And by the way, you will be getting involved later on. If you want your dinner, and I've told that wef is putting on a wonderful stuff before you after this panel as well, then you must get involved. And I want to see lots of hands going up as well. And there will be a mic going around in the last 10 minutes of this, if I stop talking. Very quick, I've been told by the World Economic Fund, they didn't say it like this, but they said these are the boring ones. So there's lots of data on these as well. Fastest growing jobs. Well, there it is, AI machine learning, sustainability specialist, business intelligence analysts, information security analysts, top four or so. And you all know this, bank tellers. I mean, when's the last time we went into a bank as well, related clerks, postal service clerks, cashiers and ticket clerks as well, data entry clerks as well, the kind of jobs that are just being replaced very, very quickly. And the last board I have for you here is the largest growth versus the largest declining jobs. So these are the largest errors rather than the fastest as well. Right, good. That all went well. Let me just tell you who the, this excellent panel is here that we've got to discuss these key issues here. So to my right, to my immediate right, I'm delighted to say that we have Eunice Securi, who is the Minister of Economic Inclusion, Small Businesses, Employment and Skills, joining us from Morocco as well. So thank you very much indeed for joining us as well. To his right is Claudia Azevedo, the CEO of Sonne. Nice to see you. I know that you have some very interesting ideas on the green transition as well. I'm poor old Sander at the end here. Sander van der Noorten. He thought he had to speak to me on live programming today earlier on. He's the CEO and chair of the Executive Board of Rangestat as well. So I've got a sneaky idea of what he's going to be saying as well. But look, I have got some questions for you all, panellists, but I just want actually, before even do that, I just want your reactions and I'll go from my immediate right down to the end of the, to Sander at the end. What your impressions are about what the World Economic Forum has found in their survey, sir? Well, I think that first of all, thank you for the invitation and for the panel. The first thing that it seems that we are facing unprecedented changes. And I'm not sure our governments are prepared in terms of structures of institutional architecture so that they can run quickly successful strategies and policies that can be implemented with partnerships, whether public public or public private partnerships. And I'm not sure the cycles through which we operate are appropriate and will help us face these challenges. The second thing is that it seems to me that there are four layers that need to be managed in parallel. At the very individual level, every person has to craft here or her own path, a long life learning path. These people need to have tools, vision, projection, and need to be accompanied. At the level of the organizations, the companies, the corporations, they need to develop their very specific talent management programs that cost a lot. They cost a lot because you're reluctant. Who are you going to retain? Because it costs you. What is strategic for you? And the markets will operate and will take those. I mean, you can have different strategies. The third level is at the level of the governments. You need to launch successful policies where you need to choose a posture, a positioning so that you need to define exactly to which extent are you going to operate in the areas where you have no operators? Where are you going to just accompany the policies? So it's a tradeoff of posture versus budget versus feasibility and operating capacity. And the fourth and last thing is that the international and cross country levels, because by the end of the story, these shortages of skills and this new interdependency in terms of production machine and skills, they need to be to some extent regulated. Otherwise, it's the jungle. Those who are who are able to provide a good job, good salaries, good social protection, good conditions of life, will just take the best and leave the others with poor resources, which can generate other conflicts that will have to be of migration, etc. So I think that it's not an easy task for governments, for companies and for individuals to tackle these issues, but we need to try. Otherwise, we'll have no chance to. So you've already raised some important questions. I will come back to you on every single one of those as well. Claudia, again, I know you've got some very important contributions in your sphere of expertise, especially on green transition. But again, what have you seen in this survey that actually tallies with or you disagree with in terms of what you're seeing in your business and the way that you're conducting your business? But what caught my eye was the very big mismatch between the skills that we have today and on the list that are jobs that are going to lose employability and the new ones that you need. And it's not you don't need these skills in the future, you need them now, right? Yeah. And so, you know, it is actually slowing down. The fact that we don't have these skills is slowing down our, for example, our green transition. Europe says that it needs one million more engineers to do the solar panels that it should be doing now. And so this huge mismatch between what's the skills we have today, and the skills that we I was going to say for the future, but not for now. And how can how can we as companies and as governments tackle tackle this issue? And it's it's a big issue because I can in Europe only 50% of the population have some basic digital skills. It's a huge job. And it has to be really done now. And so that's really what caught my eye is that we know everything. We know the jobs that we're going to lose. We know the jobs that we need. And somewhere we have to make it work. It's no great mystery what we're missing. Good spot. And it's up for 2050 for today. Yeah. And not only we have to respond to that, we have to respond to the challenge that actually other geographic jurisdictions, you mentioned the million engineers missing as well, are gaining the capital that other areas are moving quicker than those of us in this room who are representing Europe. Sander, again, I'll come back to individual questions again. But just on this survey as well, what what strikes you sir? Yeah, very, very much along the same lines. I would say specialization and equity specialization because the world needs specialized skills. You could you could see on the list. There was a lot of time the word specialist or analyst. On the on the other side, there was admin clerk. So specialization and moving up in the value chain in terms of skills is really important at an individual level at the company level at the country level. So I agree with what the minister said. Equity is talent is scarce. So we cannot afford to leave anyone behind. Everybody needs to participate. Because we need all hands on deck to do the work that needs to be done. And of course, it's the right thing to do to treat everybody equally to give people equal opportunity, etc, etc. Because I think in the previous waves, and you know, we've gone through a big globalization wave, we I think we have learned one very important thing is in we left too many people behind. If you read the stories about the industrial towns all all around the globe, people were left behind. And it created a very sad situations. And that is something we we it's it's a first of all, the right thing to make sure that that doesn't happen again. And it is needed because we need all hands on deck. Okay. Look, you've all piqued my interest. So I'm going to rip up what I was going to ask them all and just start as is my one. The web can't get me off for the next 35 minutes. I'll just carry on. So so so why don't I just kick off with you then. So are we in a post globalization era then if you said globalization left people behind, and now we need to think differently. Have we moved on because you're talking about localization, we know supply chains are changing on a global basis. Are geopolitical issues actually creating an environment where actually it could be much better on the employment front because actually we we rediscover our supply chains more locally. No, I think if there's one word that we have learned of the COVID era, it's it's resilience. And companies don't want to be too dependent on a single country, a single supplier, a single source of supply. And so if I say if I talk supply, I mean, that can be physical, but it can also be knowledge. For instance, we have quite a few people in India. There's a big group of technology people, BPO people. It's it's phenomenal. But clients are now starting to ask, well, that's great. But do we really want to be 100% dependent? Or should we look beyond India? For instance, to Morocco, or to Latin America, or to Vietnam? So resilience and in sort of independence, I think is a key word now. And also in the physical world, you see strategic industries sort of, you know, moving factories back to Europe and the United States, which will have an impact on the labor market, which will be good for the labor market. But the thing is, those factories are not coming back in the same way as they as they left. They're not coming in the same way as they are in other countries. Now they're coming in a new way. They're coming with robotics, they're coming with highly skilled people with a lot of technology. So if the labor market wants to benefit from it, again, it's back to the skills and making sure you're prepared. Okay, I'll come back to skills and education. But before I get to the minister on this one as well, because I really want to find out if Morocco is finding it advantageous on the changing of these supply chains and in a different attitude to globalization. Now, Cloudy, you're on a very important company in a whole host of jurisdictions and whether it be online or whether it be face to face as well. Are you seeing these changes happening, given this apparently slightly different? Well, there is a very different world we're living in now. Yes. Yes, we see that very much. And, you know, we don't talk a lot about jobs. We're going to the skill based. And actually, the kind of metrics that you also measure count a lot. Like if you measure number of people reskilled, it's probably not a very good measure. But if you if you measure in your company, the number of people that have this new skill that you need or when they used it on the competencies. So that's something that I see changing. And the rest, I think is is part of how people like to grow. They want they want better jobs. And as a company, you have to give them that pathway of going horizontal, of going upstream. So this reskilling upskilling is really something that we have to invest a lot. And it's relatively new in the companies. And we have to to allow to get programs that really can scale. And that's the difficulty. Sometimes I'll come back to you on that because I was reading 1922 article that you wrote, I think, or you were interviewed in McKinsey talking about career breadth. So I want to come back to you on that one as well. Minister, OK, so before we get on to some of the issues you raised, I just want to touch base on this globalization issue. Is Morocco seeing something tangibly different in the way that people are approaching their supply chains? And is that in some way benefiting your country, sir? Definitely. I just want to say a word on what was just said. Of course. I think that the next generation of crisis that we will have in the world with regards to the democratic models will not be due to some dictators somewhere, but to these kind of gaps that will widen more and more and with the incapacity of government to find out concrete and feasible solutions and to talk to their populations and to do the right mediations on a timely way and with the appropriate budgets and with the right targeting policies. So this is also a shift in paradigm that maybe will nurture the next 30 years of our governance, let's say, schemes in our world. And it's something that we need to pay attention to and think tanks need to really deploy important efforts, shaping or trying to accompany the reflection on what needs to be done and what regional and international mechanisms. When we had trade problems, we had the World Trade Organization. And when we had specific problems in the world, we had the organizations that tried in a multilateral scheme to approach some of the questions. But we see that many of these international organizations turned to be technical when they lacked a political leadership and they turned to be on the regulatory aspects rather than negotiating and reframing the international relations because there is a lack, there is room to be, to fill in terms of political leadership and political direction for where the world goes. So this is just a general remark for what the future might bring in terms of, I mean, how the democracies and the systems of governance which defined the world of today, the modern world of today, might be impacted with this, through these important changes that might seem to be technical, but they are not by the end of the story. But for such, I'll come back to your point again, then, because I have lost count of the amount of international meetings I've been to, whether it be OECD, whether it be a G7, in the old days a G8 or a G20, an IMF conference that has talked about the number of jobs it's going to create in its plan. I remember the Tony Abbott G20 was talking about the millions of new jobs as well. I've seen it time and time again. Are you saying that actually one of the great fault lines and one of the great problems potentially to come is the lack of follow-through on those grand protestations on a multilateral basis? Two major dynamics that I can see in the fight. It's an intuition. I have no scientific basis to build, but it's also, it comes also from the practice, as a politician also. The first one is you have the business as usual. You have the world of today with all the social partners, the companies, the unions, the governments, the systems that nurture the democracies, the basis up in which majorities are framed, people are re-elected, and the time frame that is available for the decision makers to deploy their strategies and prove that they are good so that they are here. So you have this on the one hand. And the question that is asked is for these new jobs that are going to be created, what kind of jobs, what quality of jobs, so just the names and the titles of the jobs, which is already good, but the quality and which lifestyle would these jobs provide to the population that is going to benefit from these jobs? And when you hit this very specific stone, you're, don't forget that we are talking about Z generations, that we're talking about generations for which the priorities are different and they might be new priorities in the future. So this conflictual path between the opportunities and the personal, the very personal demands in terms of personal projects, professional projects, this conflictual path is maybe a potential tension spot. So this is the first thing. And the second thing that I'm saying is that by the end of the story, the new opportunities will benefit to those who are well positioned in terms of economies, production, industry, etc. So by the end of the story, states, governments and political systems will be split into two. And the second part of the world, which is maybe today part of the milling-come countries or the emerging countries, might find themselves really left alone, not only those who are poor, etc., but also those who try to build something but they don't have enough means to emerge from the and from the tipping point. So the problem is is creating this gap is not going to needs international mechanisms of mediation, of discussion, of negotiation and political will, which does not seem to be a, I mean, we have reasons not to be very optimistic. And we see already the tension of on skills that we have today. OK, and you very much focus on the international agreement of working together with nations as well. But I want to know if we've decided that reskilling is the way forward. And we have done. And the survey pointed out that six out of 11 workers will require training, retraining before 2027 as well. But only half of those employees have access to adequate training facilities. So let's just go back down the line and work out whose responsibility is it for this reskilling? The individual, the corporations, the education system, governments or some form of international agreement. We've had an idea from the minister as well. So why don't I start off with you, Sander, as well, because you are in this business as well. Who's responsibility? Is it my responsibility for my reskilling, or actually do I need my employer or various employers or the government or the education system or a combination of everyone? I mean, my answer would be all of the above. No, because everybody has a role to play. There's one big concern is, and that is from our research, when you ask people who's responsible for your training or for your development, half of the people says my employer. And that's an issue, because ultimately I think the employee is responsible for her or his career and learning, etc. Now, the employer has to has a role to offer and to coach and to guide, because that's one of the other insights from our research is you can offer an online platform where you can learn everything you would ever want to, but people need guidance. People need to say, now I'm in position A, I would like to go to B. What is the path to get from A to B? So they need a bit of help there. So that's the role of the employer is providing, you know, providing the opportunities and give guidance. And then I think there's obviously the government or governments that need to say, you know, if we look at our country, we need more STEM skills, and that's what we do, putting this program in place, etc. So we need to work at all at all levels. On the topic, I would say. And Claudia, you agree with that?  You can take responsibility. Don't worry about government. We can move ahead without government, can't we? We do it in the in the jobs that we know that we need to reskill. That's totally 100 percent. We have to do it as a company and we are doing it. And we have quite a few jobs that are we know that won't won't exist in a couple of years time. So in terms of reskilling, getting getting skills to do a horizontal or upskilling actually to do more value added jobs and that you can have a better pay. So that we've inside our company, we have that big responsibility. But we also lead in the European Roundtable reskilling effort and in the in Portugal with the with the government, a reskilling effort for unemployed. And that's that's I think everybody's responsibility because the government has to come in with with the programs. We have to come in with designing the curriculum and telling them what we need at the end. And it's and that's that's that's what we're doing. But I agree a lot. It's also the person has to feel that responsibility. And we have to I think we have to also look at funding models for for education because today that the government funds your primary education, second education, and then your university education. And then it's then then it's up to you or to your employee and that you can't have that. You probably eventually do less university education and do more five years down the road. Six years. Possibly expensive. I mean, I was in another panel from Singapore. They say that everybody with 25 years old, they get a credit for five hundred dollars to reskill. And that I thought that's a great idea. So it's also giving premium the money where your mouth is and also giving the person the responsibility to reskill and using that in programs that are for skills that that are needed. So I mean, funding the journey is an important part of the journey happening. Ordinarily, because as you get to a more senior stage, I'll put my hands up. I reskilled late in my 20s. I'd left school. I was a trader on the derivatives market. It was all going very well. Then all of a sudden we went screen based and I thought try something else. I was going to shouting as you might notice. And so then I did my degree in night school and I loved it. It was fantastic. But I kept coming back to it and they said that's fine. But it was cheap. It was cheap in the 90s when I could do it. Now that same degree is tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars. And it's like too much when you've got a family when you start worrying about your pension. So if when you're 18 or 19, the government sponsors you right because you don't pay your parents. But I mean the fees that you're paying in England probably don't compensate the whole the cost that you have. Why shouldn't they pay when you're 30 or something like that? Or have a question payment. That is a brilliant question. I don't think it's necessarily expensive. I think if you go online, you can learn whatever you want to learn. You can do your MBA probably pretty much for free. But I mean takes takes the price I got quoted. No, but this is but I think this is all thinking about education and we even need to go to college. We need to go to university. We need to go to the to the best school. I don't think that's needed anymore. What's the more of an example? Well, the what we've covered a couple of issues of issues that the future needs to bring to the table the concept of a post-credit with solidarity system that needs to fund the long life learning systems because in the long life learning systems, you have two categories at least. You have the category of those who work. So they are connected to an employer and the risk killing operation has an opportunity within the company. So logically, in terms of stake, there is a common stake between the company, the employer and between the employee. And for some reason, the government can support up to 10, 20 percent. But for the others who just lost their jobs or have a difficulty to find the job they went to, then the responsibility is more scattered. And you have the government, of course, that has a responsibility towards its citizens in a way or in another. But the ideology of the political ideology will govern the way the expenditure will be made, whether it's a social state in terms of the ancient world or if it's a negative social state that will give or provide the individual the means of success. For Morocco, what we've done, for instance, I was appointed something like 18 months ago, new government, new political majority after 10 years of another majority. And the first program that we had to launch is a job program for those who lost their jobs in the COVID period, which was not easy in Morocco. And we managed to employ something like 100,000 people. And we focused on the people who have no degrees, so who have no particular, practically no chance to find a job quickly and have a revenue. We managed to do it because we leveraged a partnership with the Civil Society, for which we provided a couple of projects. So the Bank of Projects was provided between the government and the local government. And it worked. And it worked. The second thing we did is we launched, and this is His Majesty project, a huge important project on the generalization of social security coverage. And we had something like 11 million additional Moroccans, the population of Morocco is 34 millions in one year that joined this new system. But it costs a lot, especially in the beginning. And the third thing is that we worked very hard for a couple of months, five, six months to achieve and to reach an agreement between the stakeholders, between the parties to have the new low on investment, so that we finance practically 30% of the capex of the investments. And we try to orient this capex to these investments in the regions. And we're working very, very hard with a new way of targeting these foreign direct investments to get to Morocco. And we work, we base our work on the success stories that we have basically in the car industry, because we have more than one million cars and we explore a lot. And it's the first sector now. It was a phosphate in the past. So these are a conjunction of, let's say policies, programs, et cetera, with two others very quickly. One is the social dialogue because we wanted the country to keep peaceful. So we worked a lot with the unions. We worked a lot with the heads of corporations. We reached a historic agreement that we didn't have for 30 years. And this is why there are no strikes today in Morocco, even if we are going through very, very deep reforms. And the last thing is a register that we, it's an IT based register that we built. It took us three to four years. Now it's operational for targeting policies. Basically, we don't have the means that we used to have before. So we need to have social policies that needs to be targeted. So we need to address the right populations. And it's, it's, it's, it's a huge job. Yeah, thank you for those very practical examples. So I'm just going to put you on a seven minute warning ish for your questions. Gives me a bit of a break as well. Morocco is also on a path of green transition. And cloudy, this is something you've been looking at as well as well. So just tell me a little bit about the importance of the green transition as one of the key thematics going forward. Yes. Well, the green transition, there's a lot of studies out there, how many jobs it will create. I think all, all the studies, it's a positive creation of jobs. So the ones that you lose, I would say with a brown economy are much less than the ones that you have with the green economy. And the green economy is a whole load of things. It's not only the solar panel engineers, it's which we're missing a million of in Europe. It's the recycle all the recycling sector that is huge as the waste management. It's the buildings building better. So it's it's a whole load of jobs, agriculture, sort of technical agriculture, vertical farms. And even in we saw one of the skills that's going to be most in need is the sustainability experts. I don't know. In your companies, you have a lot of difficulty, but we have a huge difficulty in finding two people that report to, I don't know how many different systems, plastic experts, water experts and, you know, all these technologies are always changing. So this it's actually the green transition is a lot, a lot of things. Yeah. And it goes also people a purpose, right? You're doing it for a better world. So I think it's a huge opportunity that we really have to embrace quickly. Before I come to start on this one, do you want to talk a bit about the purpose? I reference an article of yours earlier where you were looking at empowering the people, upskilling, re-skilling, but sense of purpose. And it's not just about which skills you have. It's not just about how much pay you have. And I know you both want to talk about this as well. And, Claudia, I'll just come back to you again on this. It's actually a collaborative approach with your employees as well. It's about a good work environment and that's really important. Yes. For us in our company, it's crucial. It's it's who we are, basically. And we've had this for 50 years. And this collaboration between between everybody when when COVID hit and we had 1000 stores were closed and the others were 150, 200 percent the food stores. We got people that were working in the head office went to the stores. So, you know, when when we're tested, the sense of purpose, it really worked out for us and it's it's something that we take. Our sustainability committee is 35 years old. So right. Our talent forum is 37 years old. So it's it's been there since it's the beginning of the DNA. It's yes. And we work on it every single day. And I know you think this is important, but to speak the same language and something you raised earlier in the interview we had on CMBC and just explore employees are talking over here. Employers are talking over here, but they're not necessarily talking the same language. Just just tell our audience about this. Well, let's say. I would say employers need to start treating their employees as customers more. And it's not the it's not how they've grown up.  And that is saying a boss saying to his employees saying, you know, if you don't want to work here, I can find 10 other people. And that that no, that's sort of that's, I mean, I'm not saying that's the world we can. Well, in a way, that's the world we came from. And I am not saying it's out there pervasive. But let's say the world has changed. We see unemployment very low. There's more in the number of countries, there's more vacancies than unemployed people. The minister just mentioned it. The generations that are coming up are looking for something else. They're looking for purpose. They're looking for belonging. You know, it's a different game out there. And fortunately, I would say many or if not most of our definitely our larger clients, you know, the big companies such as J&J and Unilever and Philips, you know, they see that they realize they're working on it. But I think there's a whole layer of companies, sort of in the SMEs, where some of them are very enlightened and some of them are sort of still in the old world. And they also need to, they also need to move forward. Huge competitive advantage. The company who has that has a huge competitive advantage. If people want to work with you, for you, in your company, you're ultimately better off. So one of the questions at the business level is to what extent these changes transform the positioning and the competitive advantage exercise? Because we used in the past to build our strategies, of course, on positioning and business modeling. And afterwards, you try to protect your business, your competitive advantage. So these are the three pillars in every strategy in general, generic pillars. Now, with these changes, human resources, talent retention have become the new real asset that waits or overweights all the tangible other assets in a couple of industries, at least. So it would be really, very interesting in terms of research and in terms of specific reflection to ask these kind of questions. What is the correlation between these human resources changes and the shortages and the skills stories and the competitive advantage at the short and not the long term? I give an example.  You work. You will have to make a decision on which talents you're going to retain depending on what the core business is and what the core strategy is, what are you going to keep, what are you going to put away to externalize. So one path or one solution or one option is to say, I'm not going to worry about talents because I'm going to buy talents. The market will provide talents with a certain cost. So the good thing is that I'm not going to worry and to link the talent retention to my cycle that might be not a steady one. And I will wait for the good days when I will need the good resources. If I have the money, then I will buy these resources. The other thing, of course, is to say no, I need absolutely to define a critical scope within which I have to operate and these talents I need to retain. If at the governmental level you don't have the right entry barriers, legislations that help you retain these talents, in addition to the money you're going to put, if at the international level you don't have what can help, then you will lose unless you have a lot of means, which is not the case of a lot of emerging companies in emerging countries, in particular. Thank you, sir. Right, OK. Over to you, Lo. No, but no, seriously, we have at least 100 smart people in this room. The lady here is the first, the boldest. This lady here is the second, the boldest, as well. And this lady here, thank goodness, it's the ladies as well. Thank you. So we are one, two, three here. Gentleman here. We might put you in here if you like. OK. Please say who you are. And address your question, please. Ana Kriyajic with Oliver Wyman and Marsh McClendon. Love a lot of what I've heard from the treating as customers to doing a lot of investment and reskilling. You know, my question really comes from the perspective of how do we ensure that there's actually aligned incentives and there is enough investment and focus, particularly from the business side on reskilling when we're dealing with a world where right now the younger generation, you know, in some countries is looking, you're looking at, you know, 60% plus job switching rates. They haven't changed even in the US, you know, as layoffs have continued, which is about 2x, I think, Gen X and boomers. You're looking at, you know, when we look at what happened during COVID, there was a lot of reskilling. It wasn't necessarily offered by businesses. People, especially blue color workers, were taking online classes. They were taking paid classes. They were moving it into what we call new colors. So white color work, pink color work, et cetera, et cetera. So if businesses to lead here, how do we ensure an alignment of incentives, particularly when you're looking at so much turnover and such a tight labor market? And I will ask the panel to have relatively short answers because I do want to squeeze in all our questions as well. So who wants to pick that one up, first of all? No, let's say business will lead, but business is about business. So they will make sure they have the talent available, whether they buy, borrow or build it. That is what business is about. I think business needs to reflect on what do we offer our employees in terms of the work, in terms of the environment, in terms of the career, in terms of the training, in terms of the purpose, in terms of the values. It's the whole, the flexibility. Let's not forget about that, where, when, how. It's the whole package that people are looking for. So people are looking for the package, not just for the pay slip at the end of the month or at the end of the week. As a business, I mean, the numbers you say are averages. So as a business, you try to be on the lower side of the average, you know, try to have a proposition for everybody where they don't churn as much because that is really important. Yeah. So. Do you want to add on to this? No, it's OK. OK, right. Next question, please. Thank you. Yeah. It's so encouraging to hear that the green transformation could produce so much of that new job with purpose. However, that I'm just wondering that this is also true for a global south because in the package you are talking about really needs a lot of resources, the capacity that the finance and the societal capital. So I just wonder that can we expect the same thing be happening in the global south in the particularly under this current very charged geopolitical setting and maybe that you need to cut that some supply chain shorter then can we expect the same thing? I think that it was a terrific question as well. And so I'm going to address that to you first of all because Morocco, of course, is geographically North Africa. But I mean, one thing that you've already said to me or to us today is that you're concerned that Morocco will act on other emerging nations will act as feeders of employees to the West, to developed nations as well.  And that is what your focus was on international agreements as well. So I think it's a great question from our guests after the lady here about how important it is for the South for emerging nations to actually not only train their employees but keep their employees. Yes, I think there are two or three areas of to enhance the policies with this regards. The first thing is the cost because when you train people with public budgets and they go abroad in a time where your domestic economy is evolving you're losing definitely in terms of competitiveness, you lose everything. So one of the areas that we're discussing with partners is to present a concept that is relatively new but old in the same time that we called a kind of human resources or skills vertical integration. So I'm telling my counterparts in European countries and in America if you want to a Moroccan workforce we have no problem because statistically, mathematically there is room because there is an unemployment rate anyway. So what I'm asking you to do is to come and fund joint policies where we jointly train these people not pick them on the markets train them two, three years before for TVET for instance or universities and then you can pick them but I need them to get back to Morocco for three months, for six months in circular economy. So this is one of the circular mobility. So this is one of the areas. The second thing that we ask which is important and politically difficult. This is the last point if I may sir. The second point. The second point is we need from this country's visibility which is politically very difficult. It should not be an opportunistic trade. So when we meet these governments we say, look, you have your home business to run but we need from you to provide visibility on the coming years so that we can prepare ourselves and make sure we have no shortage and reorganize our training capacity so that we can feed your needs in a proper way but in the same time we need to feed ourselves. There's great section in the jobs report which is talking about the working age populations in lower middle income countries growing but in the high income countries we know that there are labor shortages. So absolutely this is about working together with South North, East West, low income, higher income as well. And the other point I'll make is perhaps slightly contrary to what you were saying actually it can be very good for a developing nation as well. The remittances from diasporas abroad are very, very important sources of income from many countries in the South as well I think we've all done a bit of work on remittances at times and they are such important sources of income. It depends on the very particular balance point where the country stands. If the country is developing, really, if there is a transformation, if there are investments, it outweighs the transfer. Fair point, so you're this lady here. Wait, you've got a microphone as well as one. You're very welcome. A comment just on your point regarding someone made the point that education institutions are pointing to the private sector for reskilling and the private sector is pointing to the education community for reskilling. Brings me to a quote by a Nobel laureate and she says, Maria Risa and she said, the world seems uncanningly familiar yet everything has changed. And my thinking is if we reimagine education and careers as one trajectory, as one journey, as opposed to two or more, and actually higher education is graduating students as change makers and not necessarily students, what does this do to the sector? What does this do to higher education? What does this then do to the private sector? We would see maybe an increase in matriculation rates in the higher education sector where they're as low as 60% now, which is a very low rate compared to where they were in 1990, we would see higher graduation rates. We would see better dynamics in the workplace. We will see employers treating their employees as somebody's precious child. And I think the dynamics there will really revitalize the sector, will improve the job growth and will ensure that students coming out of these higher education institutions are well matched for the jobs that no one really knows what they look like. What a fabulous point. Right, but they will be well matched. Thank you so much. I love the quote. I love it too. Because COVID for me is really a major disruption. There's like before COVID and after COVID. And a lot of people actually think it's like a linear. It's not, we've had major disruption and we have to look at it. So I'd love the quote. Thank you. I know, I know, I know. I know, but you brought it to us. I know, I know. But you could have the Nobel Prize. You could be the Nobel Prize. Get the win. I would have done. OK, look, I can tell you now, it's one minute past six and the chefs are just getting ready to take the hot plates off. So I will just ask a final question down the line as well. And I really haven't asked this one because I've been so engrossed in this conversation about actually this has been a really productive conversation because we've talked about what needs to be done rather than what is the situation and the negatives as well. But I will ask you kind of the basic question. What is the jobs market like now going forward? And we've got so many other things going on that have been brilliantly covered in this two day growth summit as well. But how does it look? How does it feel at the moment? Let's go down the line from Sanda and we'll finish off with the minister as well. But concerned optimistic medium term because we've got a lot of other stuff going on that's quite worrying. I'm absolutely optimistic because a lot of things are changing, a lot of opportunities we discussed today and the report of the web has a lot of pointers. We know what to do. We just need to get on with it. So I'm optimistic. And Claudia. I'm also optimistic. I'm normally optimistic. But in this case, we know the path. I think the job market is tight and we're missing a lot of skills. And I think that gives us all a sense of urgency, which is what we need. Yes, it is. Minister, final words. Yes, I'm optimistic as well. That's why they chose us. I think that's why I'm the journalist. I'm the best at the job. But why are you optimistic, given all the challenges you just mentioned, sir? Final words. I'm optimistic because there is room for our, and there are opportunities. If we were in a world without opportunities, the situation would have been very difficult. We know, we've been discussing that it's maybe difficult to have a soft lending after this inflationist, inflow... Well, you know the world. LAUGHTER Era. But however, I mean, we see that there are opportunities. So for so many countries, there are possibilities and the governments need to really be very agile in order to seize these opportunities. Great. Well, look, I had a very lovely time and I want to thank you all for giving me the opportunity to speak to so many smart people and be in front of so many smart people as well. So I'll just say, Sarda, a fond Nord end. Thank you very much indeed for your time. Tadiya Azevedo, lovely to meet you. And Minister as well, Eunice Sikuri, been great to see you. I should say that Sadiya Zahidi, the managing director of the World Economic Forum, is here and I understand that dinner's on her. So I'm very, very optimistic. It's true, apparently. Thank you very much indeed. And look, I've re-skilled. I used to be... APPLAUSE Thank you.


And this is Rick. Hello, greetings! This is Ashley. Hello. This is Corbin. Hi Corbin. Hello Corbin. Hi. Nice to meet you. Just kidding. I'm doing what you do. I checked to see what was recorded. Please follow us on Instagram. Today, we'll be reacting to a Rithik Roshan song. You're first. Yes, we wanted her to see Rithik Roshan and probably one of his songs that we've never reacted to. A disclaimer right now to Ashley's husband, Harrell. Sorry, dude. Just be very gracious. She's leaving you for him. Be gracious with her because I do know when you saw Gully Boy, all you could talk about was... Well, they're both beautiful. Well, I know. But it was both Ranveer and the guy who plays M.T. Cher. Beautiful. He's smile. He's so beautiful. I say it all the time. You're going to be... I can't wait to see your reaction to Rithik. So yeah, we've never seen this. This is called... Hold on. Sorry. Mom's got a brand new bag. Fire Kites. Is he going to dance? I believe it's from Kites. And he's going to dance, yes? Yes. Awesome. I think. I could be wrong. Oh, please. I hope so. But... I'm so excited. That's him. No, it was not him. He's not even breakdancing. Yeah, please fix it. He wants it to be. Exactly. It's so beautiful. And he's so freaking fluid. Yeah. And he's so freely, which is impressive.  I'll put some of these on the screen that I'm showing her. Yeah. Look at that. Look at the size. Get his face. He's got to see those eyes. Because... Wow. Yeah. He's ugly. You wouldn't expect someone with that body type to be a dancer. His eyes are so pretty. Yeah. He's a beautiful man. It's kind of a unibrow right here that he needs to shave. But I got to say something. I found a flaw. I got to say something about his dancing. In that picture. Yeah, that one. You're going to appreciate what I'm about to say. Yeah, I'm ready for it. Because you know what a compliment I'm about to give the guy. This guy has the muscularity and strength of Gene Kelly. Yes. And the fluidity of Fred Astaire. Yeah. In the same body. That's exactly what it is. And it's freaking amazing. I've never seen it. Oh, wow. I just need to know one thing. He looks better with a beard. He looks... You think everybody looks... You think my daughter would look better with a beard. That's probably true. I definitely would. It's just not coming in. I haven't seen him do yet. And if he can do this, I'm just going to stop talking about it forever. Can Rific tap? I knew you were going to ask that question. I knew it. It was coming out. I knew it was happening. If that dude can tap. Can he dance? And he doesn't even have to be great. If he can tap into this tiny bit. If he can do a time step, I'll be very impressed. Wow. This is the Rific Love Fest. And you know what? Stop it. You know what this does too? I am feeling like an Indian for the first time in this respect. Yes, tell me. You've never seen Rific. I couldn't wait for you to see Rific. And now I know when they started sending us stuff saying, You've got to see Rific. You've got to see Amir Khan. You've got to see this. You've got to see this. You get it. And that sense of you don't know what you're missing. You haven't seen this yet. Yes, he can tap. He can tap. He can tap. Show me. Show me. I'm so excited about it. Catch us next time. Oh, come on.


What is up guys karma medic here and welcome back to another dose today? I have an incredibly exciting video to make I'm finally gonna be doing the decision-making section I can't even count how many comments I've gotten asked me to do decision-making so the videos finally here if you guys haven't noticed The channel is growing at an alarming rate probably by the time I upload this video will have reached a thousand subscribers Which is crazy can't believe it's gone in this far And I just want to say thank you guys for watching the videos and continuing to support me also I'll be doing a Q&A video soon, so make sure you leave questions down in the comment section below Follow me on Instagram and let's get right into the video So guys as a lot of you know when I wrote the UK cab back in 2016 the decision-making section wasn't part of the UK cat exam We had it on our test, but it would they were just piloting it with us So we had the option to do the questions, but they didn't count towards anything So I just skipped right past it forgot about it and moved on with my life when you guys were requesting for me to Do decision-making videos there was a problem because I hadn't done decision-making before what I decided to do was collaborate with Medify so that I could use their UK cat resources to learn all the theory behind the decision-making section and then use their questions that I could Practice them and prepare myself for making this video now before we get into the video where I solve questions live on camera I wanted to give you guys a couple of general tips I've been doing questions using the question bank for a couple of days now And I've come across a couple of patterns and things that I think will be very useful My first tip is to be very aware of confusing phrases or very aware of phrases that have very specific meanings And you want to know exactly what it is that they mean for example when I was doing the questions I came across the word some means any number above zero It doesn't mean more than 50. It doesn't mean less than 50 It could be any number more than zero but not equal to zero something else that I found kind of confusing when they said less than 10 It's important to keep in mind that less than 10 could mean zero the second tip I would give is to definitely learn Venn diagrams and probabilities These are topics that tend to come up in quite a lot of questions and it's fairly simple maths But basically in invent diagrams if you're ever making an or statement Then you're adding the two probabilities and if you're ever making an and statement, then you're multiplying them That's pretty much all you need to know, but I'll go into more depth in the video Okay, third and most importantly what I found when doing decision-making questions is that you really needed to follow a Line of logic very clearly and the way that I did this was to use diagrams Very very simple diagrams similar to this just with letters arrows Maybe some crosses just to indicate exactly how the logic flows from one part of the question to the next practice reading the question And summarizing it into a small diagram Then when you read the different statements You can take them use your diagram to figure out where they fit or if they don't fit and answer the question really quickly My fourth tip is to not make any Assumptions if you can't conclude a statement directly from the question or from the paragraph that's given to you Then it's wrong and my fifth and final tip is to just follow simple logical trains of thought Trails of thought don't make the question process more difficult for yourself Don't complicate things just make it in a step a step B step C fashion so that you can follow everything simply now with the General tips out of the way. Let's jump straight into the questions and go to my computer So here we are on the medified dashboard This is where you can see all the tutorials for the different sections of the UK cat And you can also see down here how you're doing compared to other students on medify So this is the tutorial for the decision-making section that I've watched in full to prepare for this video And it teaches you the theory behind the decision-making section It goes through a couple of questions too and over here. There's hundreds and hundreds of questions for each section I've mainly focused on the decision-making you guys can see that I've been doing pretty well in the decision-making section These questions where I got a zero out of one I've actually gone in four out of five But if you get one of the five questions wrong it marks as a zero so as you can see here I got four out of five right. I'm actually pretty surprised with how quickly I've been able to do well in decision-making I found the questions kind of fun almost like a game. And so it's been it's been really interesting for me to solve them Let's do some practice questions and go down to the decision-making section And I'm gonna choose the general one that has all the questions included together. And yeah, let's get started So these kinds of questions where you're asked to select the strongest argument from the statements below You want to make sure you make as little assumptions as possible You want to pick answers that are based on statistics or based on facts and that directly relate to the question directly try and solve A problem that's in the question something like that You don't want to do anything that's opinion-based or something. That's just not relevant So let's read the question should people who are addicted to illegal drugs be treated for their addiction to the NHS rather than Imprisoned if called by by the police. Yes, people who are addicted to illegal drugs recover much more quickly with the help of NHS Okay, not bad. Yes success or recovering from addiction has proven to be 55% when treated by the NHS But only 21% when released from prison That's a great answer because it's saying that it's a good idea to be treated by the NHS and it gives statistics to back up that claim There's no point these drugs being illegal if the police will not imprison them. It's an opinion These people may also be selling drugs to others. This is based on no facts It's just an opinion I think the first one is pretty good, but the second one is even better next question Should the NHS stop the funding of PrEP which can Protect the partners of people with HIV from infection in order to save money which can be spent on treating patients with cancer Yes, because a report found that there are other cheaper ways of preventing the transmission of HIV But no other cost-effective ways to treat cancer patient That's a very good answer because it shows a that there's a report so there's been some research and It answers the question directly that we can use other more cheaper methods to protect from HIV Whereas we can't do that for cancer. So we want to save where we can and keep using the money where we can't Yes, because PrEP prevents infection rather than treating it Okay, I mean that's a good answer, but not as good as this. No, because it's discriminating opinion No, because there's strong evidence to suggest that this can drastically reduce transmission This is a good, but it only answers the first part of the question. It doesn't have anything to do with patients Who need to be treated for cancer? Okay, so these types of questions where you're asked to choose if a conclusion can follow from the passage You definitely want to read the passage first So you understand what the context is that's going on and me personally I like to draw diagrams so I can just quickly follow the logic that's in the question Sometimes there's a ton and ton of information and I find that simplifying it into a diagram is really helpful So let me show you guys and you'll see what I mean conformists aren't always weak, but they are always ignorant so see to I Sometimes weak not all those that are ignorant are weak, but they will be arrogant.  So this is what I've drawn on my piece of paper. Okay, it's very simple very meaningless to anyone else it makes perfect sense to me and It helps simplify all the different things that I read in the passage into a diagram form It makes it easier for me to follow Maybe try this out if it helps you then great if it doesn't don't worry You don't need to use it so this first statement This is all those that are ignorant are conformists the passage at the very beginning says the opposite thing and if the passage says Conformists are always ignorant.   That's not true We know it's the opposite Some arrogant people will be conformists conformists are always ignorant.  So some arrogant people will be conformist.    So hopefully it makes sense So now we have a Venn diagram question I strongly suggest that you read the question first so that you know exactly what relevant information to go look for in the Passage and then you pick out the relevant information based on the diagram, which statement is true survey I don't care multiple types. So these are all the different Venn diagrams and their corresponding things So let's go through the statements one by one and decide if they're true or false six people like just nature So which one's nature triangle six people like just nature that is very true and We can stop right there because there's six here that fall into this triangle that don't fall into the circle rectangle or this trapezoid here So six people like just nature that is true And we'll stop there or we'll do the rest two people like game shows and period piece dramas So game show is this period piece drama is the rectangle So people who like both period these drama and game shows is four so that's false eight people like game shows game shows a circle If you add all these numbers up that's when eight nine people like soap operas if you add these up somewhere tonight So it's just that first one next question Amy's buying an external hard drive. She has the choice of either magnetic or solid state So magnetic solid state the probability that a hard drive will be damaged is 0.6 for magnetic 0.3 for a solid state Probably the harder will fill up before six months is 60 percent for magnetic and three fifths for solid state Three fifths is also the same as 60 percent. Hopefully you guys know that so considering only the likelihood of the hard drive being damaged Or filled up before six months should Amy buy the solid state hard drive So it damaged or filled up before six months. Let's see which one happens first. So That means you have to add the two probabilities. So the probability for the magnetic one is 0.6 plus 0.6 Which is equal to 1.2 and the probability for the solid state is 0.3 plus 0.6, which is 0.9 So should she buy the solid state hard drive? I would say yes The solid state hard drive is less likely to be damaged. That is true Yes, this also hard drive is more likely to fill up slower than a magnetic hard drive No, they're likely to fill up at the same rate. So the answer is a the first one Okay, we have another one of these yes. No questions. So let's read the passage first Only either Ian or Carl was successful for a job Okay, after they both had an interview on Thursday all the applicants except for Carl had over a 10-year experience applicants greater than 10 years except Carl some applicants with experience have excellent communication skills some applicants with experience communication No applicants from Manchester received an interview. Okay. I think my diagrams aren't going to be very useful for this one So I'm just going to look at the passage. Ian has over 10 years experience All applicants except for Carl had over 10 years experience So that means that Ian had over 10 years experience if Carl was successful at interview He Ian must have been from Manchester only one of them was successful. No applicants from Manchester received an interview So if Carl was successful at interview Ian must be from Manchester Could he have been from somewhere else and not received an interview? After they both had an interview so he can't be okay So since we know Ian and Carl both had an interview and no applicants from Manchester received an interview Then Ian cannot be from Manchester. Otherwise, he would have not had an interview, but we know that he did Carl does not have experience. So he does not have excellent communication skills Some applicants with experience have excellent communication skills. So some of them do some of them don't so we can't say Oh, Carl does not have experience. He does not have excellent some applicants with experience have excellent But it doesn't say anything about applicants without experience Some applicants without experience could also have excellent communication skills. So we can't say that this is true Yeah, it's not true. Ian is not from Manchester Let's see. What do we know about Ian? One of them was successful All applicants except for Carl had over 10 years experience. So Ian has 10 years experience I don't know if we can make this statement. I'm gonna go with no because we don't know if he was success. Oh Yes, of course, we know so They both had an interview and no applicants from Manchester received an interview So Ian is not from Manchester because we know that he had an interview. That was similar to this question here Applicants interviewed on Wednesday. We're not successful. We don't know anything about that We just know that they these two people had an interview on Thursday Okay, so it turns out that I got this question partially correct Let's see which question I got wrong. So this one applicants interviewed on Wednesday. We're not successful This can be concluded as the stem states that only either Ian or Carl were successful and they were both interviewed on Thursday So everyone interviewed on Wednesday must have not been successful Okay, fine given given the the assumption that there is only one job Taken up for a successful job Okay, and they both had an interview on Thursday and only one was successful Which means that anyone who interviewed on other days was not successful. So that's my bad in the reasoning Hopefully, that's okay. Anyway, let's move on to more decision-making questions So should a Prime Minister require political experience before leading the country again with these questions Don't make any assumptions try and look for answers that involve statistics involve reports involve research involve facts Should a Prime Minister require political experience? Yes Most jobs require experience before being accepted the role of Prime Minister is no different This is an opinion having a background in politics is most likely to provide a potential Prime Minister with the relevant skills required The role okay an opinion but seems pretty good No in the past Prime Ministers with political experience have been no more effective statistically than Prime Ministers without political experience No, the most important thing is that they understand the needs of countries whole okay So three is definitely the correct answer and here's why So you really need to keep your personal opinion out of these questions for example For me if I was going on personal opinion I would have easily just quickly chose this answer and been and moved on in this question The third answer shows that in the past from experience from evidence from research that it hasn't been as effective And that's the one we're going to choose more of these questions Either Zoe or Rachel raised the money raised the most money at the student bake sale for the charity committee All of the students except Rachel are graduates some of the graduates are also on the netball team No students studying chemistry raised the most money at the bake sale Zoe is a graduate So she's on the netball team some of the graduates are also on the netball team So it you don't have to be on the netball team if you're a graduate if Rachel raised the most money at the bake sale Zoe is studying chemistry either Zoe or Rachel raised the most money at the bake sale No students studying chemistry raised the most so if Rachel raised the most money then Zoe is studying chemistry true Rachel is not a graduate. So she is not on the netball team We know that some of the graduates are on the netball team, but it doesn't mean that a non-graduate Could not also be on the netball team So that's a no Zoe raised them the most money at the bake sale. She's not studying chemistry That's true because no students something studying chemistry raised the most money at the bake sale If a graduate raised the most money at the bake sale Zoe does not study chemistry Graduate all the students except Rachel are graduates So if it was a graduate then it could have been Zoe If Zoe if a graduate raised the most money in the bake sale Zoe does not study chemistry Yes, this is true All right, let's see. I've gone four out of five correct on this question Let's see which one I got wrong If Rachel raised the most money at the bake sale Zoe is studying chemistry If Rachel raised the most money at the bake sale we could conclude that she is not studying chemistry Yeah, but Zoe may or may not be studying chemistry and the text does not specify. Oh My mistake. Yeah, so if we if we know that Rachel is not studying chemistry, but we don't know about Zoe My bad homework should be banned in order to give students more time for extracurricular activities Personal opinion, of course, I'm gonna say yes No student wants homework, but try and push that aside when you read through the question and look for anything that involves statistics or past Research. Yes, most children find that they spend most of their free time completing the homework that they have been sent Okay opinion. It's just statistically homework has been shown not to improve academic performance It would be better for children to spend their time on activities that develop extracurricular skills instead It sounds pretty good. No, most parents think that if their children manage parents thinking it's an opinion It's no children in countries where homework is not generally given have similar levels of academic performance to those in countries where homework is encouraged Okay, that's also pretty good Homework has been shown not to improve academic performance. It would be better for children spend their time on activities So this part here is an opinion and it addresses extracurricular activities The read this one sounds good too But the reason I'm not gonna choose it is because it doesn't do anything to address the second part of the question Which is extracurricular activities? So I'm gonna go with the second option next question So an audit was performed detailing the number of surgeries performed by each individual surgeon in the past few months It was found that a total of this many surgeries were performed by four members Surgeon X surgeon Y Whatever which the following must be true surgeon Y performed the most Y performed a third of all and There was total was three three nine so three three nine times zero point three three three three So surgeon Y did a hundred and twelve. Let's call it hundred and thirteen and didn't do more thirty five a third of all 27 and the remaining so Let's see a hundred and thirteen plus thirty five plus twenty seven and 175 let's call that three Three nine minus one seventy five So we know that surgeon Z performed a hundred and sixty four So the first option can't be true at least a hundred surgeries were performed each month This was over the last three months We don't know if all of these were performed in one month or in half a month or over three months So I don't think we can answer that Surgeon Z performed the most we already know this is true from before so that's what I'm gonna go with Okay, next question So all adults that watch horror movies also enjoy thriller All the adults in the cinema are over 20 a Few of the adults in the cinema do not enjoy watching comedy and none of the adults that enjoy sci-fi have children So there are only adults in the cinema. I don't think we can say that it doesn't tell us whether there are children Are not also in the cinema Horror movies are more popular among adults than comedy movies all adults that watch horror movies enjoy thriller Okay, the adults in the cinema are over 20 a few of the adults do not enjoy watching comedy So I would say it's the opposite. I would say comedy is more popular The adults in the cinema may have children all adults that watch horror movies all the all the adults in the cinema over 20 Yeah, they could they could have children None of the adults that enjoy sci-fi have children but adults that enjoy other kinds of genres could have children Tony is an adult in The cinema he cannot be watching comedy a few of the adults in the cinema do not enjoy watching comedy But there are still adults that do enjoy it. So this is not true thriller TV series are popular amongst adults that watch horror movies All adults that watch horror movies also enjoy thriller. So that's true Great, I'm gonna read the questions and then go to the graph and the passage and pick out the meaningful and relevant information So secretion of growth hormone stops in the afternoon between 12 and 2 growth hormone between 12 and 2 in the afternoon p.m. It Stops, okay. It definitely decreases, but I don't know if it stops It just might be at a lower level. So I'm gonna say no Yeah, I'm not gonna say it stops because even at 2 there is still a basal level So I'm gonna say no strenuous exercise can lead to acromegaly in adults acromegaly Here high levels of constant secretion of growth hormone causes acromegaly. Okay does strenuous exercise lead to High concentrations. So here we see that strenuous exercise decreases the concentration So I'm gonna go with no blood concentrations of growth hormone. We're lowest at 10 a.m 10 a.m. Is somewhere here and that seems to be the lowest. I'm gonna go. Yes The average adult exercises I mean, I don't know anything about the average adult Hypoglycemia during street caused secretion during the midnight Okay Hypoglycemia so not eating or having low blood sugar levels during sleep caused secretion at midnight During midnight we stopped secretion. In fact, we were increasing previously to midnight at midnight We stopped so I'm gonna go with no, okay So again, I've managed to get one out of the five questions wrong in these types of questions average adult exercises I said no the correct answer was yes If you get any question wrong or if you're really really struggling on a question Just answer it guess it skip and move on because there'll be plenty of questions that are easier to answer Simpler and all questions are worth the same mark. All right guys So I've done quite a few questions as you can see down here I've done 30 questions today the sort of keeps track of how many questions you're doing over time So you know if you've been consistent in your studying. That's it for me That's enough decision-making questions in one day I learned everything about the decision-making questions from medify I watched their tutorial the video that they have to sort of explain the theory behind the section And then I did some practice questions over the last couple of days before recording this video And yeah, hopefully you guys can see that I've been able to do well and my progression over time I hope you guys were able to follow my logic I hope it all made sense and I hope that you found this video useful and interesting Thanks so much for watching make sure you leave a like on this video subscribe to the channel If you want to see more videos from me have a lot of exciting things coming in the future I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace


The systematic review aims to summarize the evidence for the effectiveness of mobile technology interventions in improving health and health service outcomes, M Health, around the world. To be included, interventions must aim to improve or promote health or health service use and quality, employing any mobile computing and communication technology. The search strategy will include terms for various mobile electronic devices and a range of compatible media. Data on objective and self-reported outcomes and study quality will be independently extracted by two review authors, and where there are sufficient numbers of similar interventions, meta-analysis will be used to calculate pooled risk ratios or standardized mean differences. The review will provide recommendations on the use of mobile computing and communication technology in health care and public health and guide future work on intervention development and primary research in this field. This article was authored by Patel Vikram, Goli Leandro, Felix Lambert and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Should you be picky about choosing your friends? Have a think about who your friends are right now. Have a think about the people that you're friendly with. Have a think about your acquaintances. Talk about, well think about the people that you spend the most time with. Now, have a think about what it is that you want to achieve in life. What are your goals? What's your vision? Now, I want you to think about, are those friends and are those acquaintances going to help you achieve that vision and achieve that goal? The people that you spend time with, the people that you socialize with, people that you hang out with, are they able to help you achieve this goal and this vision that you have? Are you clear on what your goal and what your vision is? It's okay if you're not. That's another episode on how to get clear on that, but so don't, I don't want you to like feel I'm such a loser. I don't know my vision. I'm not clear on that. I get it. It's fine, right? It's my vision still changing. But if you know what kind of direction you're heading in, whether it's getting a lot healthier, whether it's making more money, whether it's starting a business, whether it's getting out of the rat race, whether it's a life of travel, whether it's getting married, whether it's being a parent, if you kind of know what direction you're heading in, ask yourself, are my current friends, are my current acquaintances and my existing social group, are they going to help me get there? And if the answer is no, well, is it time to cut your friends? Is it time to exit your existing social group? Is it time to find a new group of friends and acquaintances? This is a tricky subject because some of us have had friends for years, great friends, wonderful friends, but great and wonderful friends for certain elements or a certain phase of our life. Not necessarily for the upcoming phase of our life. This is a tricky, tricky situation because your friends are your friends, you don't want to cut your friends, but if your friends are holding you back from achieving your vision and your goal and what you want to do and you're realizing that, then every single minute or every hour, every day or every week or every year that you spend continuing to socialize and be in that group of friends is holding you back from achieving your goal and your vision. Everyone's situation will be different, okay? I'm not going to hear, going to say a blanket statement like cut your friends, be ruthless, break up with your friends, but maybe you should do that for some of your friends. I have a woman, a platonic friend who's been a friend for 10 years, more than 10 years maybe, yeah, no, 10 years, a decade, and there have been phases over the last 10 years where I've been closer to her than other times and when I first met her, we were great friends, saw her every day in terms of like we worked in a similar work environment. When I had an office and I owned a PR company on Sunset Boulevard, she worked in the adjacent office, we became friends, we hung out a lot, always ever only platonic friends, but a great friend. Now, in the last four years, last four or five years, I've gone down a rabbit hole of self-development, of entrepreneurship, of learning about business and finances, of learning about my health, seven years ago I quit drinking, so my body has changed, my mindset around nutrition and health has changed, my mindset around what I want for my life in terms of building a business and learning about being an entrepreneur has changed, my focus has changed, how I spend my time has changed.  I mean, if a game started at one o'clock local time, I'd get ready at 12.30 to watch it and then I'd watch it from one until like 4.30 and then all of a sudden I've spent five hours committing to watching a group of guys run around in the football field and that's fine, it was enjoyable, it was fun as hell, but I started to ask myself, those five hours, could I have spent those five hours differently? Now with this friend I'm referring to, a Spatonic friend, we were great friends, we're still great friends, but while I went down a path of self-development and growth and learning about business and entrepreneurship and I started spending more time with people who were healthier and I started spending time who were successful in business, I found myself wanting to spend less time with her, less time with her thinking because she, in my opinion, has not progressed as quickly as I have and that's fine. I'm not saying I'm right and she's wrong, I'm just saying the way I've done it is right for me and the way that she's done it may still be right for her, but her thinking is more like not nutrition, not health. It's all, it's not all, but there's a lot of negativity, there's a lot of complaints, there's a lot of victim mentality, there's a lot of, my life is hard, there's a lot of maybe not, maybe making fun of people a little bit, not a lot, but a little bit and because now I have, I felt like I've progressed and I'm more positive and I'm more likely, I'm more of a glass half full kind of guy than a glass half empty, my new attitude and my new mentality doesn't mold well with hers, which has not changed, it's pretty much stayed the same. Now again, I want to stress here, I'm not such a smart person, I'm not such a smart person, I'm not so genius because I'm so self-developed and I read a book every day and I work out and I go to the gym and I understand, I'm not saying that I'm terrific and whatever, I'm just saying this is just the path that I've decided to walk down, this is the life that I've decided to lead, which is one of learning, always be learning, of being educated, of being surrounded by amazingly successful people in their field so I can then become successful in that field. She has not done that, in my opinion and so it's harder for me to spend time with her now because when I see her, she's still in the victim mentality, the playing small mentality, the just thinking that I have moved on from. Now, what have I done? I'll tell you what I've done. I've spent less and less and less and less time with her to the point where she'll now invite me places and I will decline. She's actually stopped inviting me places now because I don't accept but whereas before she would invite me places and I might go out of maybe a sense of obligation to the friendship part of it, another part being as I enjoy her company now, I don't enjoy her company as much, not because she's a bad person, she's a wonderful person, wonderful, wonderful friend but I don't want to be hanging out with that mentality, I don't want it because I am on a mentality of moving forward and if I put myself in that surroundings and I listen to that type of conversation, I'm going to get dragged down. We're competing or everything in life is competing for your attention, Facebook, Instagram, your friends, your family, text messaging, Game of Thrones, the football game, church, exercise, work, travel, McDonald's, billboards, radio ads, magazines, advertising is everywhere. Everything is trying to compete for your time and attention and I'll be damned if I'm going to give my time to something that sucks my energy just because that's what I've always done. There's a, in baseball, major league baseball, spring training, what happens? Well, team rosters, they cut a whole bunch of players and they add in new players so they cut the dead wood, they cut from the bottom and they just eliminate the poorest performing players and then they try to bring in new blood to always be improving the team. I like that analogy when it comes to your friends.  Cut the dead wood and bring in new players. Now, you may be listening to me going, that's harsh, James, man, that's harsh. You've been friends with someone for 10 years, 15 years, 5 years, they've been your friend for a reason, there's loyalty, you've got to help them, you've got to stick with them and sure, I get that, I totally get that. It's not like I've completely sacked my friend. I don't want to talk to you again, but I'm very, very picky and choosy about when and how and the circumstances around when I do speak with her. So now I'm less inclined to leave my place, get in an Uber, travel across town, sit down and have a lengthy lunch with her and then travel all the way back town. That's three hours of my time and an hour and a half of which I know is going to be talking about her problems and her issues. I don't want that. So now it might be on special occasions where it's a birthday or it's Christmas or I haven't spoken to her in a few months and I might just send her a little text, say how things, or I might do a phone call and I'll say at the beginning of the phone call, oh, listen, I've only got 15 minutes, but I just wanted to catch up and see how you're doing. And now I've set a time limit around that. Now you might be listening to this going, well, that's harsh, that's brutal, James. Like, I don't like that. Well, okay, you don't have to like it. This is not for everyone, but I'll tell you, I'll tell you this. The more I spend time around the types of friends that I want, the happier I am. It's no coincidence that my business and financial success in the last three or four years, building businesses, having money flow into my life, has come at the same time that I have chosen to make friends with entrepreneurs, with people who are focused on building businesses. It's no coincidence that since I have chosen to be healthier, that a lot of my friends are now healthier. They're like health coaches or personal trainers, or they really focus on their nutrition and their exercise. I had a party here at my West Hollywood home about a month ago. And I was thinking about the people who came over to my place. I had about 15 people here. I catered it. I got some really nice healthy paleo food that came in, no alcohol. And I think about the people who are invited and who turned up who are now my friends. And they include Ben Greenfield, who's a New York Times bestselling author of the book Beyond Training, and one of the best health coaches I think I've ever met or come across. Ben Greenfield from Ben Greenfield Fitness has a very successful podcast. Mark Dahmer, British guy, great friend of mine. Ripped, six foot four, ripped British guy, super healthy, former men's magazine model, former personal trainer to the stars. He used to train celebrities like Rita Ora, the musician, and a few other people, helps people with mindset now. Mark Dahmer was here. Daniel De Piazza, Daniel De Piazza from Rich 20 Something, a great friend of mine. Again, he's very much into health and fitness. He lives a very healthy life. He's doing amazing things. He's launching a book later this year, which we all hope will be a New York Times bestselling author. And I'm going to help him get there. Very business minded, very positive. Luke Story, new friend of mine, guy that I met recently. Also doesn't drink, quit drinking a while ago. Has a podcast as well. I was on his show. Wonderful woman called Anna. Also is creating a business, very entrepreneurial. And then a few other people turned up who were guests of some of the guests I invited, who again, were all into fitness and health and business and positivity. And all these people showed up at my place and we had a great mastermind session. And I was thinking about all these people like, wow, all these people are so nice and so positive. And they're all doing nice things and they're all doing things. And I'm thinking to myself, my friend who I was referring to at the beginning of this episode would not be, would not fit into this group of people because she doesn't share that mindset. And I loved the mindset that I was in when I had all those people in my home. That's what fuels me. That's what energizes me. That's what makes me happy. This other person would not fit in there. She'd be like, what's going on here? She might even say, this is a bit woo woo. Who are all these people drinking the positivity Kool-Aid? And that's fine. It's okay. It's not wrong. She's not wrong. It's just that mentality is wrong for me. So now I am picky about how I choose my friends. You might be listening to this going, well, this is so cutthroat and strategic and it shouldn't be like that. Maybe the world should be all, you know, let's just meet people and it doesn't matter what they do. And you're right, it doesn't matter what they do. And you might be listening to this going, well, you're just judging people on what they can do for you. No. People can still make you happy where there's no business or financial goal to that. Just enjoying someone's company. I'm in business. I'm an entrepreneur. I'm not saying I only spend time with entrepreneurs. I only spend time with people who are obsessed about their health. No, I'm not saying that.  And my vision includes being happy all the time or at least as much of the time as possible. It's not, it's actually not possible for me to be happy all the time. And studies have shown that you don't want to be happy all the time. You actually want a little bit of depression because then you can really appreciate the happiness. But what I'm saying is, is that if someone is holding me back from achieving my goal of being as happy as I can and being as successful as I can. And the lifestyle that I can, then I'm going to cut them or I'm going to significantly reduce the amount of time that I spend with them. I'm going to double down on the people who helped me achieve my vision.  If someone makes me happy, has absolutely nothing to do with being an entrepreneur, but someone makes me happy just by being around them and maybe they're not as fit and as healthy as they could be. But I learn from them and they make me happy by being in their company. Then sure, they're in, they're in. But if someone's holding me back, if someone's skeptical, someone doesn't support me, even if they've been a friend for 10 or 20 years, I'm going to spend less time with them. My best friend in the whole world, my best mate is a guy called Anthony McDonald.  We were best mates through high school. We lived together in the first few years out of high school in Brisbane, Australia. Then since then, since 1999, I have left Australia and I went to London for four years and now I've been in America ever since pretty much. I also lived in Columbia and Argentina for a time, but I only see my best mate, Macca. His nickname is Macca, Anthony McDonald Macca. I only see him once a year now. I only talk to him twice a year. So I see him once a year in person when I fly back to Brisbane and I talk to him on the phone probably once a year. So we only really communicate twice a year. In person, it's usually a dinner. We catch up three hour dinner and we have cook a barbecue. We catch up how you're doing. And then maybe once in the year, if I'm driving between San Diego and LA and a car or something and the time zones right ago, I might give Macca a call. See how he's doing and I'll call Macca. Macca's got a couple of kids. Lovely children. He's separated now. We've got a new partner. He's my best mate. He'll always be my best mate. But for 363 days of the year, I don't even talk to him. Now Macca and I are on different paths. Macca is not an entrepreneur. He works in a job. He works in the steel industry, buys and sells steel. He's very high up there. He's great at what he does. Everyone loves him. Wonderful guy. And his life up until this point is in a job, gets a salary. He's very, very good at it and he lives in Brisbane. There's not much world travel. He's raising his kids. He loves to play golf. He loves to have a couple beers. He loves to watch sport on the Sunday. He loves to go to Fraser Island, which is an island off the coast of the state of Queensland where I grew up. He loves to go camping. He loves to do all those things. Now all of those things that I just brought it off, I don't like to do any of those 10 things. I don't want to go camping on Fraser Island. I don't want to drink beers on a Sunday afternoon. I don't want to spend every weekend playing golf. I mean, I play golf a couple of times a year. I go and play around a golf with my father and Brisbane when I go back at the Pacific golf course in Brisbane, Australia. I play there once a year with him when I go back and see my dad. I don't want to stay in Brisbane and be based in Brisbane. I want to travel. I want to travel the world and I do travel. Last year I went through the Baltics to Latvia, Lithuania. I went to Belarus. I was in London a couple of times. I went skiing in Wyoming in the US. I went to Denver and Boulder, Colorado and I travel like I love to travel. I went to Finland. I went to Norway and Sweden and Denmark. I love to travel. Macca doesn't like to do any of that stuff. Well, maybe he would like to do it, but it's not a high. It's not high on his list of priority. He loves to do all the other stuff. He loves stuff that I don't love, but guess what? It's okay. I'm not spending 363 days of the year talking to Macca about that. There's two days of the year and that's okay. And that's awesome. Spending 363 days of my year talking to my best mate is not going to help me get to my goal. Because we're so vastly different. My goal is different from his goal. But guess what? He and I still love one another. We're still best mates. And when I see him, I hug him and we embrace and we catch up and it's awesome. And when we talk on the phone, we catch up and it's awesome. And I really value it and he's going to be my best mate for the rest of time, even though I only talk to him twice a year. Two days of the year is the only times that I communicate with him. So I have not cut my friend.  Now it's easy because I live on the other side of the world, right? It's a lot easier, but you understand the point I'm trying to make here. You don't need to like just disown people and cut them. You don't always have to do that. People can still be great friends. But you do have to choose the time that you're going to spend with them.  So you can feel socially obligated if you want. You can feel obligated to the friendship, but that's not going to make you happy.  That's not going to make you happy. And ultimately, it's going to put a strain on the friendship anyway in whatever relationship you have because you won't be happy because now you're doing something almost against your will. So you have to be picky about choosing your friends. That's my thought. Some people disagree. You don't have to agree. It's okay. That's my view. You should be picky about how you choose your friends and who your friends are. And I get it when it comes to family as well. You can choose your family sometimes. Don't support your goals. Don't support your vision. People say, we can't just cut your family. No, you can't just cut your family. Your family is your family, but you can choose how and when to interact with your family. You have the power. It's your life. You can still love your family. You can still love and support your family, but be a lot pickier about when and how you spend your time with your family because if you realize that your family is holding you back, then your family is not serving you in your vision. And ultimately that's going to cause you pain and suffering.  I'm not saying that, but I'm saying you should think about maybe cutting some of your friends, maybe just adjusting how much time you spend with them, how you spend your time with them. Some of them will just naturally be cut as you move into a new group of people. When I was drinking alcohol, I used to go to the Jones Bar on Santa Monica Boulevard here in West Hollywood. A couple of times a night, a couple of times a week rather with a friend of mine. Get a gin and tonic, have a couple of drinks. And when I was at the bar, I would be talking to people who were also drinking and drinking was part of their life and that was fine. That was okay. But it also coincided with a time when I was a little bit overweight and not working out and I wouldn't sleep very well because I was drinking and got a little chubby and a little bit slow and I wasn't as productive. The moment I quit drinking and stopped going to the Jones Bar on Santa Monica Boulevard and stopped hanging out with other people who were drinking was the moment that I started when I joined a gym and when I met other people who were health conscious who invited me to go hiking. And when I went hiking, I met other people who were enthusiastic about hiking and being out in the sun and nutrition. And that coincided with the time that I just happened to meet another person who wrote a book about health and nutrition and then I met an entrepreneur and then the entrepreneur introduced me to another entrepreneur and then all of a sudden I'm socializing and then I meet who would end up being a business coach of mine, Tai Lopez. And through Tai Lopez, I met other entrepreneurs and through reading other entrepreneurs, I met other entrepreneurs and all of a sudden now I'm thinking about being an entrepreneur and now all of a sudden years later, I'm inviting people to my house and the invitation list includes New York Times bestselling authors, health experts and entrepreneurs, which is the lifestyle that I want for myself. I'm not saying that an entrepreneur life or a healthy life is the best life for you. It may not be. I'm just saying that's what works best for me. That's the life that I want. The point is this, when you start spending time with people who are already doing what you want to do or who share the same interests as you share, it's amazing how much you can achieve. Ben Greenfield has talked about my swanese blue light blocking glasses on his podcast. Mark Dahmer has talked about my 30 Day No Alcohol Challenge on his podcast and to his followers and to his email list. Mark Dahmer has given me health and coaching advice. Ben Greenfield has given me health and physical training advice because I'm interested in health and entrepreneurship. There's a phrase that says you're the sum of the five people you spend the most time with. It's true.  Then you're going to be negative. My dad says if you lay down with dogs, you come up with fleas. You hang out with dogs, you're going to get fleas. You hang out with healthy people. Chances are you're going to be healthy. You hang out with successful people. Chances are you're going to become successful.   If you're a guy and you want six pack abs, the easiest way to get six pack abs is to make your five new best friends or be like male models with six pack abs. Because just by being around them, you'll learn by osmosis. You'll learn what to eat, what not to eat. Ab exercises. You want to...