Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with jaspys 20 box going going gone Baseball mixer it's a random team break with a wax party giveaway at the end as well We're getting closer and closer to filling that up 30 spots everyone gets a team in the MLB a random team no vet commonship and A lot of nice boxes here big. Thanks to this group for getting into it Thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up and we only ended up doing one filler So I appreciate that as well and congrats again to the winners of that filler All 30 are in let's do it. Let's roll it randomized names and teams four and two six times one two three four five And once more six than final time We've got Barry down to Brittany four or two six times for the teams one two three four five and Six and final time after six. We got the Cardinals down to the Pirates All right, so here's how it shakes out Barry with the Cardinals Jeremy with the Rangers Lonnie got my Dodgers Ray with the Red Sox Baker with the Rockies Corey with the Marlins Michael with the Diamondbacks Timothy with the Braves Darren with the Blue Jays Nick with the Giants Brittany with the Royals Ryan with the Phillies Lucas with the Padres TJ with the Mariners Kevin with the White Sox Royal with the twins Jamie with the Yankees Scott with the Orioles Brian with the Nationals Matthew with the A's Richard with the Angels Nick with the Rays Dusty with the Mets and Reds Asa with the Tigers Diego with the Brew Crew Scott with the Astros Jamie with the Cubs Michael with the Guardians and Brittany with the Pittsburgh Pirates Let's get all this on one page. Let's alphabetize by team And when we come back, we're gonna see if there's any we're gonna pause the video for a moment When we come back we're gonna see if there's any trades and then we'll get in on this big break here So stick around we will be right back. All right, welcome back ladies and gentlemen As you can see a deal did get done between Ryan and Dusty So Ryan is out of the Philly spot and gets his Mets. That's his team Put a tee there for trade Dusty is now in the Philly spot. So Put tee next there for trade. So let's see Let's see how that trade works out for both parties Now let's Let's print and rip It's like uh Dallas is cruising here. They're up 93 65 With just under five minutes left in this game. They're gonna take a 3-2 lead. All right So here's the the final list hot off the presses. Thanks everybody For getting in. All right. So let's just start grabbing grabbing some boxes here So we've got a lot to do Got bowman platinum from 2014. So we're just gonna kind of Fly through this not really go in any particular order. So we'll jump around different products different years all that good stuff And kick back and relax ladies and gentlemen. This is going to be a pretty long break A lot of base heavy products here If you're uh, if you're watching live you're stuck with me, but if you're watching a replay of this Hopefully I will have remembered to do a recap At the end of this break. So you'll see an autograph relic recap at the end. Maybe some Some other highlights maybe some cards that are like numbered really low Ten and under something like that Just in the interest of time. I'm not going to be sleeving all of the numbered cards Shave some time off this This mixer here But our shipping team will take care of all that no bet commons ship I think it's understandable Good luck. Let's see what we got in this first box here Going back in time to 2014 So we'll see how many of these how many of these guys do we actually remember there's uh Herrera 170 out of 150 Dilson Herrera. I kind of remember him 170 out of 199 some game use memorabilia in there for the Mets. So early on uh, Ryan Harrell Draws first blood in the trade With his metropolitans I remember Byron Buxton. There he is There's Manny Machado Gold car not numbered though top prospects Oscar de vera, I think Oscar de vera is no longer with us, right? That might be an r.i.p and we've got Scott Shevlar I kind of remember him. I think Scott Shevlar ended up in a trade to the reds at some point There's Dodger's Edition going to line. There's Joey Gallo Got a power die cut here. That's pretty fun. Set that aside Got rookie Marcus Simeon There's a Mariners Chris Taylor It was kind of a it was kind of a bust for the Mariners and Became a reclamation project for for the Dodgers. There's five out of five or five out of 50 Joey Gallo That is Rangers Edition There's a Mike Trout die cut for the Angels, Hunter Dozier, X-Fractor Jonathan Scope, Matt Davidson Corey Seeger And we've got Zach Lee To three nine. I remember him I think he really panned out, but There's Wilmer Flores Trevor Story and a second auto 68 out of 199 Devin Travis for the Tigers ASA With Detroit. Well, Tony Gwin card facsimile autograph Josh Stewart. All right box one in the books. All right, let's just start grabbing boxes out at the top. Now we'll go to 2016 All right, 2016 Donner's Optic Baseball. All right. Good luck Looks like Dallas is gonna cruise to victory here. There's four minutes left and they're up 94 to 66 And maybe it's time to switch away from this channel. Maybe catch the end of the Dodgers Diamondbacks game here Dodgers in Arizona and the Dodgers are Where's the score? Is my printer hiding the score? Dodgers up four nothing bottom of the eighth It's sort of a lighter day in baseball today, right? The uh in Texas Rangers beat the Astros six to two Simeon Seeger RBI singles for Texas and a 6-2 win over the Astros Marcus Simeon Corey Seeger had RBI singles and a decisive seventh inning Uh, I was on the Cardinals into this game. They they were up 2-0 right up until the ninth inning until Ryan Harreld's Mets came back with five runs in the ninth top of the ninth Aronato's error helps Mets stun Cardinals with a 5-2 5-2 with 5 in the ninth There's an error an uncharacteristic null and aeronato error And then pincher dom smith domic smith hustle for an infield single that drove in two pivotal runs Etc. Etc. What happened in in toronto blue jays beat the red sox Six to two that's ted's red socks. He's on the instagram stream Right now at jazzy's breaks instagram live if you want a personal box This mixer here is going to pretty much take us to the end of the night. I think But bozhet breaks the tie with his first grand slam There's an eighth inning grand slam first career grand slam Our next box. We'll check some other scores, too We've got three out of three anti pettit autograph Wow, nice low number there that goes to jamie And the bronx bombers the new york yankees I'm gonna go and out of fives and under get the train whistle All aboard the big hit express You know racing almost as bad as the Sixers loss jazz Is gregory polanco Autograph for the pirates that'll be for britney and the buckos Greg bird quarry segar rated rookie car that set that aside will have that sleeved up and top loaded Got a blue power alley chris bryant to 149 for the cubs Caleb court Is your other autograph rookie auto for the halos that's going to go to richard j Since the longer break, we'll we'll end up unpacking some nba playoff action, too There is a tyler duffy rated rookie on-card autograph It's for minnesota that'll go to roville with the twins There's an aeronola aeronola rated rookie card there. He's pretty good And we got mckel franco This is a hot box. We got this is our one two Three four and sorry fifth. I think it was a hot autograph hot box right here poison girls nice mckel franco dusty with the fillies So far each team or each trader Dusty and ryan each have an autograph rated rookie trade turner that's addition going to bryan And there's a brights harper mvp Variation, you know back when I remember this back when The uh and that's nationals addition back in 2016 um back When the fillies signed bryce harper I asked everybody Will bryce harper win another mvp again in his career? I want to say most people said no Knocked out another one. All right next box. What a next game the fillies beat the rockies in philadelphia h2 Harper hoskins lead fillies past error prone rockies and rockies with three errors in the game Bryce harper homer drove in a couple runs riz hoskins few hits Giant speed the brew crew in milwaukee four to two Louise gonzalez hits his first major league homer a two run drive two outs in the ninth And I think there's still two games that are no the angels game just went final. They shut out the guardians Michael Lorenzen with the win. He improves to two and one with a 293 e r a Shane beaver takes a loss falling to one and one still has a 282 e r a right hailed glaceous with his third save of the season and dodgers still uh Still leaves the top of the ninth So last half frame for the dodgers and the dime backs would give it a shot in the bottom of the ninth, but Walker Bueller apparently was dealing dime backs only managed two hits Yeah, Walker Bueller went eight innings Two hits 10 strikeouts no earn runs. He's at about 98 pitches. So yeah I think it'll go to Go to kreg kimbrough. I think at the bottom of that. All right. So now what is this? This is 2016 bowman platinum Mike trout There's a verdugo to 99 dodgers edition And there's uh Javier guera And that's fryer's edition. That's going to go to lucas with the Padres There's a rookie cori seager Turned out to be pretty good And we've got a cornelius Randolph 25 out of 75 Phillies that'll be for dusty and the Phillies christian arroyo to 150 for the giants Trey Turner rookie card They're saying no high fives for walker bueller With 98 pitches. Does that mean he's going to come out? The rare complete game It's called hammels to 250 Wow, he's walking back out The rare complete game possibility All right now We've got a bowman sterling from 2012 Three autos in each pack This should have been a box maybe further in the back, but that's okay. Oh, there's some nice stuff here Redemption Redemption is going to be expired, obviously We'll still send it to the team All right, so there's jonathan singleton and there's autograph one That's barrett barns Pirates prospect I guess we can kind of see who's this is 2012. So we'll we'll see who's panned out and who hasn't This guy, no pirates that's for britney Uh, victor roche. No, I don't recall him brewers Diego What about andrew heaney marlin's edition of andrew heaney? He's still kicking around in the league. He's with the Dodgers now One out of 25 He bounced around a little bit maybe a stint with the angels now with the Dodgers who Using a using a real uh a really nice slider now It's just an advertising card zack wheeler still around Oh and a dual autograph coming out. We got will middlesbrook. He's played played a little bit Ray with the red socks And oh, this is nice Look at that. This is for britney and the pirates both going to you. There's james and tyon And cancer survivors with the yankees now doing all right and gary coal pirates edition 17 out of 25 dual auto Next up is tatternake when he's still around that's for cleveland cleveland. This is for you michael with the guardians We've got richard schaefer johnson sco still around oriel scott with the o's And the expired redempt. Cory seager That's a nice one that dodgers edition back in 2012 that'll go to lani Nice brice harper rookie card to 199 Nationals brian t mitch hanager Back when he was a brewer to 199 He's still around diego with the brew crew And walker buhler he's about to pitch a complete game. He's one out of way There's chris owing's Diamondbacks prospect a former prospect going to michael. We got shan nolan Minnesota a minnesota toronto That'll be for darin Cole calhoun to 50 That is um cool calhoun. Oh the angels edition. There's james ramsey cardinals barry Got kevin plowicki for the mets Is kevin plowicki still he must be I feel like he's still kicking around in the league ryan h with the metropolitans Stephen pescati, I think is still around he might still be with the cardinals barry with st. Louis Nolan erin otter to 199 And their last few brett jackson cubs. Don't remember him. That'll be for jamie Are they gonna give walker buhler one more at bad? He just gave up a single third hit of the day Oh nice joey gallo Nice kind of looks young and skinny there. He really filled into that frame Nice joey gallo rangers jeremy with texas Ryan h thinking plowicki red socks. He thinks both a bosoch And there's no one fontana Astros that'll be for scott. It's not bad and more base heavy stuff. This is 2020 tops chrome baseball Yeah, it was a fun box of sterling. That was really nice.  Perfect game. Got a smile on his face. He likes that 107 pitches. That's I think that's kind of how you have to do it.  You got to kind of have to do a uh What do they call though? I think it was a greg maddox complete game is what they would say I think maddox has a number of complete games that are under 100 pitches Which is kind of incredible. All right, so we're we flash forward to 2020 Good luck everybody and we got tyler alexander rookie auto popping quickly asa Yeah, buhler is a beast There's nick solak purple chrome to 299 So this is obviously a parallel. So this will ship even though they're not numbered in case you were wondering There's walker buhler Robert rookie card. Let's set that aside. Well, that's his first career complete game. Shout out to I think I love You already had one Hey, there's don trell willis in the uh dodger studio dodgers TV network picked up uh Added a lot of people to their roster I think don trell willis Is uh Is in the studio You may do some color commentary um Eric heros is doing some more games With the Dodgers play-by-play team joe davis. There's rogelio armanderos For scott and the astros The Dodgers also, uh, they added jesca mendosa. Some of you may remember her from the espn days And she was doing the she was Providing the color next to joe davis's play-by-play in the san jago series. All right, we got The ben baller designed tops chrome Let's go to their baseball headlines we have here Trout hits his 50th career triple on a check swing MRI reveals improvement in jake of the grom shoulder. That's good Corbin burns had 11 k's today philly's top prospect bryce and the stott option to triple a Adley rushman is going to make his 2020 debut on a rehab assignment. He Was injured to start the season so Hopefully He'll be there and be good joey bart and adley rushman to to top of the draft Catchers I think back-to-back years right at rushman and then joey bart A couple good young catchers to keep an eye out on Oh, yeah, ty france al player of the weeks this chat I think belanger was a nl player of the week. I want to say Everyone thought he was watched but he's been hitting really well. He's cori seager die cut There's a wandsoto Like the highlight kick right there So john lester national's edition number to 50 I've got kyle schwerber cubs addition to 99 You have rex does oas See in anerson 70 out of 75 rookie blue for the brave tim There's joey bart right there And there is al repose angels edition 45 out of 50 Got some orange orange auto dillon carlson nice Rookie auto for the cardinals berry with the red birds It's pile a Lewis and there's a tanner hawk two out of five Oh color match red parallel for the red socks ray with the train whistle All aboard the big hit express whoo-hoo. How is uh There's tanner hawk doing this season Not bad three starts 15 innings 13 strikeouts A two eight seventy r.a. A one in one record Yeah, not not too bad not too bad. Yeah, that's a nice ben baller box. Let's Let's go to Let's go to london england All of the cards have the union jack Let's see, uh Our fool has 681 home runs does he get 700 this year? What does everyone think? I think he's got a few already I hope he does that'd be cool to see 700 home runs Arod fell four short of 700 home runs 696 only three players have over 700 berry bonds henry erin bebrew Miggy's got 500. I'm not sure if he's going to get to six Poulos has 681 Not counting today's stats. I don't know if he had a home run today, but These baseball reference stacks are updated the next day. I don't know. Whatever 700 minus 681 Is Joe is that 19? I think he's been averaging like maybe a dozen home. I think it's going to be really close Just all flipped around. There's no rhyme or reason to this. I think we'll have to deal with it So basically these these are these are the commons, but the uk edition just pops a A flag on there. Here's an out of 25 josh donalds at nine out of 25 And that's twins editions going to ruble. This will be part of the non baseball or non sport Because there's going to be some in gypsy queen and that allen and ginter. So winner take all on those To 75 lewis brinston for miami Joe's going to go with the under. What does everyone else think albert poohol's 19 homers away It was pita lanzo for the mets dustin may rookie Does he get it or does he fall short? last season been between the well, he had 17 last year in between The Dodgers and the angels the season before that you only played 39 games had six homers But the season before that 131 games 23 homers Walker viewer complete game shut out real-time saying he was Two sporting that hat. I'm not sure that seems out of context. Was there something? There a bit of text that I missed maybe release robert ricky card There he is right there miguel cabrera there sees the kino 79 out of 99 A top hat Sports related joke. I still don't get it. Were we talking about hats top hats? Out of patrick corvin 74 out of 99 for the nationals that is that for the uk addition All right, let's go to some ginter 2021 Ginter chrome What's the next active player that could hit that could get a milestone? Nelson cruz 41 year old nelson cruz 18 years in the bigs is at 451 homers Does he get 500? He has a couple this year already And about 65 at bats Does he get five? I got 49 homers away. So that's got to be What did he how many did he hit last year? 13 with No, he had he he was traded. That's right. He had a total of 32 home runs last year 19 with minnesota 13 with tampa bay Yeah, joe joe p thinks he'll get to five. I think so too actually He's he's got at least a Especially with that mile if you if you if you cared man, I suppose you would care about that At this stage of your career You could still get yeah, I think He'll probably play one more year next year the dh helps In the nl. So there's more opportunities for him to Yeah, I say he gets it. I say he gets it. What about Next active player with a bunch of home runs Wow, we have to go way down the list. Robinson cano has 335 home runs feel like Uh vet commons don't ship. So whatever the commons are won't ship in this skintone What about robins cano what milestones does he get to he's at 335 400? Maybe Probably probably I think 500 out of the question But four 450 and we've got eddy matthews to 150 And the world's largest desert sahara desert is louis robert 87 out of 99 And world's largest continent asia willy maize to 99 Willy maize haze here. How you doing? How you doing? Oh man You may run like maize, but you hit like s I've been cut already Yeah, I don't know how many more years robins and cano has left in them I like he's got to get close to He's got to get close to two Uh cut close to 400 home runs. He's at three. Oh, it's 2012 gypsy queen Two autographs two relic cards per box We've got some minis in the middle and time to 2012 Was that trevor trevor who? Trevor somebody Next guy down on the home run list active player home run list joey vato at 331 home runs He may he could get close to four Justin upton at 324. No, he's he's he's not even playing. He got cut Longo at 317 And then next down with a shot at a lot of home runs if he's healthy Mike trout He's at 314 home runs Oh, there was a dude that looked like trevor lorenz in the last one How many home runs does mike trout get? I think he's got the best shot at 500 home runs I think joe's commenting on uh vato. I think he's definitely getting 400, right Trots just got to stay healthy Trot could get to five right. It's only 200 home run only But if he has a nice season this year, I'm assuming he's He's got a lot of years left Who's after mike trout? This is active home runs after mike trout Goldschmidt paul goldschmidt to 280 home runs He's played about the same number of seasons As trout 12, but he's four years older. He's 34 trout's 30 All right, old gypsy queen. Let's go We got uh ian kinsler. Remember him? It's der jeter mini Yeah, goal paul paul goldschmidt joe p's thinking not fine. He's not gonna get five, but Yeah, I can see four as well There's moonshots mike stanton back when he was mike stanton And our autograph kyle seager That's for the mariners. That's gonna be for tj and the m's To that cool little frame ty call that'll go to the tigers ike davis just a different Mini parallel for the mezz Chad hates kyle seager. He's like throw that auto away Apologies to kyle seager if If he's watching Got a polo sandoval relic kyle seager did did hang him up Recently he finishes career with a 251 batting average Almost 1,400 hits 242 homers 807 rbis 55 steals lifetime 251 Locked in an all-star top 20 in mvp voting in 2014 And uh 12th in mvp voting in 2016 and we got a mini Jersey victor martinez for the tigers. That's for asa And a redemption a jared weaver redemption It's jared weaver 2012 jared weaver an angel Yeah, he was in fact he spent 11 seasons with the angels He spent his last season with the padres. He was a 20-game winner at one point Actually in 2012 he won 20 games. It's expired unfortunately, but we'll still send it to you richard Bunch of little extra minis here All right starting to make a dent in this Let's go with 2011 bowman platinum. Let's go back in time a little bit Chad loves the moment jared weaver hit kyle seager for being a d Got freddy freeman on the box here and then it says look for Autograph cards of rights harbor. That's like a big selling point. I guess. All right, we looked at um Home run milestones. What about what about hits? So alberpujols already has 3000 hits miguel cabrera is active. He's got 3002 now. That was that just happened recently. That was awesome Next behind who can hit Uh 3000 next closest is robinson cano. He's at 2600 hits. I don't think he's getting to 3000 Yadir molina's retiring this year. He's at 2116. That's that's still a lot for a catcher joey vatos at 2000 I don't know if he's gonna hit 3000 hits. Who has a realistic chance of getting 3000. Um Altuve maybe he's 12 seasons in 32 years old He's got 1783 1783 hits Not sure if he's gonna quite get there Freddy freeman. No, he's 32. He's he's holding at 17 1723 Goldschmidt at 15 What about machado many machado is only It's only 29 Has 1446 hits Trouts at 1433 Is the mixer great Look at all the mixture of boxes back there the the mixer and if you look at our schedule, that's always pinned in the chat I'll let you know exactly what we're doing. We're doing the uh That's 20 bucks going going gone mixer chat thinking maybe one soto Yeah, we're just kind of thinking who else can join the 3000 hit club as well Talked about home runs already 3000 hit club There's shelby miller Cardinals that's gonna be for berry right. Yeah injuries Like I think uh, I think my trout will probably Will probably get some uh Some milestone home run numbers four five Home, but I think I think he's gonna have a problem If he doesn't stay healthy, maybe those hits milestones may not be May not be quite there Yeah, the one soto is not a bad call chad because yeah chad's saying he heard a stat He heard a stat where there are like 49 rookies in 2022 series one and one soto is younger than like 46 of them Remember he got called up real early But then just started producing right from the get go We got deck maguire 22 out of 99 for the blue birds that's going to go to darin So one soto started his career in 2018 Played 116 games 121 hits played almost a full season 153 hits in 2019 In the shortened season 54 hits in 47 games In 2020 last season 157 hits And 151 games So it's 162 game average In those five seasons kind of which is sort of that number is a little depressed because of the uh The Pandemic shortened season, but 168 hits he's averaging or no, I think the 162 games will average that out too Will average out shorter season so 162 games 168 hits Soto plays till 38. He'll need an average 166 per year to get to 3000 He's a little ahead of that right now And we got a john mcdonald piece of his lumber his autograph 77 out of 1166 big number there That'll be for the blue jays that's going to go to darin some ginter He didn't need sieve Didn't need to have a farm All right You know what's uh, you know what's in danger What's in danger is Is the pitcher That can get 200 wins Pretty rare now active pictures of two over 200 wins Uh, just in verlander is 227. Zach ranke is 219 Scherzer 193 Wins, I'm sure he gets I'm sure he gets over 200 wins by the end of his career or end of this season. That is kershaw's at 188 I'm not sure if he's gonna win Enough to get 200 wins this season. I mean if he does He might be winning a cyan this year But no, I think I think maybe next year for kershaw wins To get to 200. I think he'll get there But who's behind that? I don't is wainwright gonna get 200. I don't think so. He's at 186. I think he's retiring this year I mean if wainwright can hit 200 this year, that means he's probably in scion conversation too That means he's having a great season david price at 155 He's not gonna get there kwaddle at 135. No manis bum garner 127. No Garrett coal does garrick coal get to 200 wins He's only 10 seasons in has 118 wins already Oh, is that only 12? Sorry. I can't math chat I thought that was 22 No, then kershaw should hit 200 by the end. He should have like He should be 14 15 wins Oh, then maybe maybe wainwright too Steve's really active on that for me today Yeah, I just can't math because I thought that was 22 wins and then I was like, wow Yeah, kershaw gets 22 wins and that's probably that probably means he's in the scion conversation But no, the math is wrong. If you just need 12 wins against 200, you'll be fine But I don't know if especially with with pitchers really not going super deep into games anymore I don't know if that 200 milestone is really gonna I think maybe the the line of the sand There's andrew von for the white socks Still time to redeem it. That'll be for kevin I mean, do you do you move the line now in the sand? Pitchers from here on out going forward is 150 wins more of More of the milestone now I've got a out of five red parallel right here. So this is going to be part of that uh Part of that non non baseball group. So someone's going to get a train whistle here That's a good question chad chad's asking does phoenix hernandez is king phoenix Make the hall of fame His career stats 342 e r a 169 wins Two thousand one two thousand five hundred and twenty four strikeouts a 1206 whip He's got a sayang six all stars two e r a titles What does everyone think is he a hall of famer? I think he I don't think he's like uh He might be first ballot hall of famer. I think he is I think the question is I don't think he's gonna be a first ballot hall of famer Joe Pizzles gonna say no He just sat a few years ago saying it was the most unlucky picture of all time Um, I think part of it remember hall of fame isn't necessarily about stats It's a popularity contest. So I don't know. I feel like king phoenix did well with the media like chad if You need to be on the you need to be on the king phoenix Hall of Fame committee You got to you got to put because that's what what You know that influences The voters the baseball writers of america If he's got if he campaigns well, but I think what are the baseball reference has like those similar scores Right there. I think the different hall of fame metrics They kind of have Little border line ish You know, he does he does kind of similar scores does kind of match up With with a few hall of famers Yeah, that's the thing if uh If king phoenix was a hey teddy Teddy's a baseball guy Is king phoenix phoenix man. Is he a hall of famer? No, tell you from new york. It's east coast bias Manny matata of 99 not even I mean, I'm not saying I'm not saying first ballot, but I'm just saying Maybe like How many years in a row something crazy like almost every year of his career. Yeah But he's not a hall of famer man All right, teddy says no Yeah, teddy might be mad that king phoenix didn't go to the didn't go to the yankees There's josh rojas Steve uh, steve who steve lock who's a twins guy saying if burp blilevin is in phoenix king phoenix has got to be Mr. Jared oliva to 149 for the pirates There's the crone zone j crone and worth for the Padres. That'll be for lucas Joe, he's not from new york. He's in arizona and wouldn't play for I Wish he would have gotten those wish he would have gotten those maybe a couple milestone numbers. You know, I mean Yeah, per the schedule. No I think this is going to bring us pretty close to the end of the End of the night by the time all said and done There's ryan jeffers to 2.99. Um, that is for That's for will with, uh, minnesota Yeah, and that filler is still at 18 as well so We're getting there on that phoenix though I think a lot of pre-orders new releases has kind of distracted people from that but Well, we'll get there. Hey a quarry seager autograph for the dodger. So Lonnie you didn't get that prospect autograph because that was an expired redemption But you still get a live one here. Nice quarry seager X factor auto 67 out of 171 And quarry seager, I think it started off the season No, I thought he had a thought he had a good start at seasons. He has hidden 241 one home run 14 hits. So not not quite a little bit of a slow start get 2021 update series Brandon ryan, what's up? You tried octopus on pizza delicious. He says interesting King phoenix he he had a season where he went 19 and 5 In 2009 that's pretty impressive Won an e-ra title the next year and then even in his late 20s knocked out another e-ra title Double-digit wins for almost his entire career and It then sort of tailed off pretty quickly I wish he would have had maybe I wish that that 31 32 33 season year-old season Kind of wish that he finished stronger there and I wish we would have been able to Maybe push Get maybe a three or four more seasons under his belt wish he had like those kind of milestone numbers, right maybe a sub three e-ra maybe push closer to 200 wins Which maybe he shouldn't have gone Maybe that's not really his fault though because of the teams on the teams he was on. There's brand honeywell A nice one Soto. That's a great picture of him Tyson Miller Taylor Tramel satchel page die cut Ronald Acuna Jr Are those black? I don't know those black golds are shorter prints or not, but I'll set that aside Khalil Lee Logan Gilbert purple joey bark purple Yeah I mean, I think that's only over it's only uh, two snow over two starts Joe Three starts 13 innings His uh, his last start. I think he went like six. It really that really helped. He went like six or seven perfect innings or something like that Before his pitch count got up there, but I think that last game really really helped first game I think was so so Start two was better and then start three was really good Yeah, I mean Walker Bueller three hit them. So If Tony gaunton's still on track Yeah, three 13 innings three starts four innings to start I think it was a matter of stretching him out. I think he only I think he only threw like three innings his first start then they stretched him to Maybe another three innings. I think last argue went six or seven innings. So I think that his pitch count must have gone gone up on some of those games That must be the reason why But yeah, three innings his first start four innings his next start six innings to start after that So I I think it was just stretching him out Yeah, Dustin may supposed to come back this season. I think he's been He's already been doing bullpen session. So he's already throwing So I think he'll be fully cleared for For like a rehab start maybe By the all-star break at their hole. I think they're they're kind of planning post all-star break There's davie garcia to 250 And there's andy young 67 out of 99 for the diamond backs michael For the snakes Oh, there you go. Joe Pizzle saying he's in arizona. Dustin may will be here next week On a rehab start. Nice. There's kylewis 300 Give some additional rehabbing I think they're planning on well, they're planning on being cautious with him There's louis garcia To 99 66 out of 99. I think they're being cautious with him first off Probably some extra conditioning some extra works a couple rehab starts There's no setbacks. They're hoping all-star break A little bit before a little bit after There's lu and Diaz By the way ladies and gentlemen, we're only two fillers away from doing a dual case break of tops minus baseball That's on jaspyscasebreaks.com Um, we might have time to do at least one of those fillers tonight if you'd like and then that would just leave us with one for tomorrow And then we can do that double header As well. Let's go with some bowman inception Oh Joe p talking about the month of may may will be here next week Nice one. Joe. That's a good one. Well played. All right Inception Got hernandez Mackenzie gore Bryce Turing And here are the autographs jared oliva Nope jared jones nine out of 50. I just saw jared and I just ran with it that goes to Uh, britney for the pirates Yeah, you got you fooled greg too. There's uh, guilberto hymenas 204 out of 600 That'll be for the bow socks. That's for ray There's a trade cruise 48 out of 75 Yeah, that went over my head job. I'm locked in on this break So i'm usually not Not not too quick. Maybe if I wasn't breaking I'd be able to catch that and we got tristan houses Right there All right 2021 tops chrome Baseball sapphire edition 2021 update series I guess we're gonna close with 2021 tops chrome black Greg saying joe p right may be here next week And the suns won't Whoa Shots fired And we got 10 out of 50 alex kirloff rookie auto. It's a nice one for, uh, minnesota That's gonna be for ruelo. How's alex kirloff doing? I think he's a former number one overall pick A lot of expectations for him, right? Yeah Drafted by the mariners first round Oh 15th overall. I thought he was a lot higher than that. He's their first round pick Right now not doing so well 17 at bats Just one hit Is he injured? Oh, he's hurt. Yeah, I was gonna say he must be on the il because he only has 17 at bats What's the uh, steve you're a twins guy, right? What's the I feel like he's got a big ceiling, but You think you think he's gonna reach that ceiling? Oh, we got some orange here. Oh got orange orange color match freddy galvis 11 out of 25 All right, let's get into some clearly authentic. Let's go older clearly authentic first 2019 We got danie jansen 10 out of 99 So I like clearly authentic definitely has the the acetate vibe. So Pretty cool look I think That's for the blue jays that's going to go to darin 2020 clearly authentic and it's patrick korbin For the nationals that'll be for brian There you go brian All right, archives six series Retired player edition hall of famer rod kuru three out of 24 california angels edition that's going to go to richard j Thanks old school auto. I think the al batting title is Uh is named after him now batting title named after We got chad's favorite player kyle seager There's brailin marquez And there's rookie jared calinic 68 out of 99 Nice rookie for the mariners. That's going to go to tj. All right in our final card here Steve loxing rod kuru is the best. I tried to bat left-handed as a kid because a rod kuru All right final hit of the break A mariner edgar martinez her tj Nice mariners Legend there. All right Okay, that's that boys and girls. So now let's do some randomizing. There's a little it's a little housekeeping We got to do afterwards here. Um, this is a wax party break So here's what i'm going to do. I think uh Yeah, you know what i'm going to do the wax I'm just going to do one list for this one Just because the secondary prize is not super huge. It's just those, uh, non baseball cards from ginter So the wax party will be the name on top second name. We'll get those, uh, non baseball cards Oh, including that little out of five mini of of leo kelly social media star leo kelly So that's a train whistle for somebody as well. So let's gather all the names one through 30 New dice new list And good luck fingers crossed let's randomize that list Six and a two eight times one two three four five six seven And eighth and final time. Good luck everybody. It's six and a two eight times So second place A lot of sad faces here, but I appreciate you getting in second place consolation prize It's not the wax party royal, but you do get those non Uh, those non numbered non numbered those, uh, non baseball cards like from ginter and gypsy queen and uh, this little guy who apparently is, uh Is the surely temple king reviews Surely the reviews non-alcoholic beverages for kids. There you go I'm sure his parents will make him continue doing that long after he gets over it Royal olibore the big hit express Whoo, and there you go. And the name on top After eight we'll get the wax party spot And that's gonna be That's gonna be nick coba. Congrats to you, nick You are in the wax party a chance at winning some really nice prizes You're gonna be guaranteed something a random something whole prize list is on jazby's case rakes.com check that out grand prize It's pretty amazing. I'm joe for jazby's case rakes.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us And i'll see you next time for the next break. Oh, no, I won't see you next time Just yet because I want to do a recap. This break was an hour and a half long. I got to do a recap All right, so there there were your hits Some pretty nice stuff it's andrew von Some old school autos out of five tanner hawk Dylan carlson orange auto That box pretty good prospect joey gallo was pretty cool Nice dual autograph james and tyon garret coal pirates edition got the andrew heaney As well old school andrew heaney And then the goners optic baseball was a hot box two three four and five And there you have it Now, thank you very much. I'm joe for jazby's case rakes.com. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye


the next few slides are how to convert specialization to schema. So, let me finish that and then I will have plenty of time for questions. So, we have actually finished the basic slides. I have a couple of extra slides which I will put up, but we will have plenty of time for questions and discussion. So, let me just wrap this part up, how to represent specialization in schema. So, we need a relation for each schema in a specialization. So, let us look at a specialization, person, employee, student. Let us just focus on this part of it. Let us ignore instructor secretary further down. So, what we are going to do here is one of the method is to have well both the methods have one relation for person, one for student, one for employee, but the attributes vary in the two methods. In the first method, the actually in both the methods, the top level one has all the attributes. So, if you go back to the schema, the attributes here were id name address. So, the person's schema has id name address. What about employee? It has only salve, student has only total credits here, but if you look at the schema here, person has all the attributes, student has total credits, but it has one extra attribute, which is the id of the person, you know student is also a person, which person that is stored here as an extra attribute. So, this is inherited from person, but note that we are not inheriting name street city. Yes, the student also has a name street city, but we are not storing it here, we are going to store it there. So, for this student id, there will be a record in the person relation containing the name street and city. Similarly, for every employee, there is a salve and we store the id here in this table, but we do not store the name street city, because it is there above. So, what is the benefit of this? Let us compare it with the alternative and then I will come back to the benefit. The alternative is to inherit all the attributes from above. So, person is the same, student now instead of just id name, it inherited street city total credit also, total credit is local, but name street city are inherited. Employee, the local one will salve and name street city are also inherited. So, what is the difference between these two schemas? There are extra attributes here. So, what is the benefit? What is the drawback for each of these? So, first of all, supposing a person can be a student and an employee. Supposing we allow that and we do, in fact in IIT, we do allow that. What is going to happen? The name street and city are going to be duplicated here and here. And if we additionally keep the person as a person also, the name street city will be duplicated three times. But if that person is disallowed, a person can be a student or an employee, but not both. What does this mean? The specialization is non-overlapping. Then it is not so bad. What we will do is if a person is a student, we will throw the information in the student relation, but we will not store it in the person relation. So, name street city is stored only once in the student relation. If you have somebody else who is a person, but is not a student and is not an employee either, then that person will be stored only here in person. So, each entity is stored in only one of these couples. There is no duplication. So, this is okay as long as the specialization is non-overlapping. In contrast, this variant never has any duplication. Supposing we have an overlapping thing, does it matter? We can have a record in student with that ID, a record in person with that ID, but there is no duplication information. Name street city is only in one place, total credit only in one place. The same person can also be an employee. So, I will be in one place. So, this schema is better in the sense there is no redundancy. But there is a cost. If I want to find out, if I want to print out all the details of the student, what do I have to do? I have to join this relation with that relation. So, the price we pay is extra join and run time cost and the query complexity to do all of this. So, there is a tradeoff between these two schemas depending on the specialization being overlapping or not, you would choose one of these two. So, the remaining slides after this are basically a summary of the notation. I also have a slide on aggregation. I will come back to this after taking some questions. I have been talking nonstop for a long time and would like to take some questions now. Let me take some of the questions which came on chat. One of the questions is what is the disadvantage of ER module? So, I will take this question to mean, why do not use an alternative to ER? What is the disadvantage of ER? So, what is the alternative? It is you could go and do directly relational modeling, skipping the ER step. The advantage of doing that would be the disadvantage of ER and the disadvantage is this ER takes one more step, we create a model and then we have to convert it again to a relational model. However, it is well worth it. If you ever try to do a relational model directly skipping the ER step, that is when you will appreciate how useful ER modeling is. So, the advantages over a way the disadvantages greatly. Can you please explain discriminator attribute? That is a good question. In case you missed it, a discriminator attribute is just like a primary key except that it is not totally unique. It is only unique in the context of the identifying entity. So, to take our example with section, the section ID we treated as a discriminator attribute or take, well we had several other ones, but the point is the discriminator attributes of section were section ID, year and semester. Now, if we have section ID 1 and 2 for a particular course in a particular year sem, the same section ID may be reused by another course in the same year sem. That is not a problem. The section ID does not uniquely identified, but in the context of a particular course, remember section is identified by a course. So, in the context of a particular course, the section ID has to be unique. It does not have to be globally unique. Such an attribute would qualify as a discriminator, although it would not qualify as a super key of primary key. One of the questions is difference between existence dependency and weak entity. Now, existence dependency is a concept which says that something cannot exist without the presence of something else. So, in our context, say in Moodle, can you have a post which exists without having a user who posted it? It does not make sense. So, we could say that post is existence dependent on user and similarly, it could be existence dependent on course also. A post without a course may be disallowed or may be it is allowed. Now, we could have chosen an year design where a post has a globally unique ID and it is a strong entity or we could have chosen a different design where a post is identified by first the user ID of the user who posted it and then some other ID which is unique within that user. That is a design decision. The existence dependency is independent of the design decision of whether to treat it as a weak or a strong entity. So, I hope that clarifies that question. KMEA, Kerala again. Sir, can you explain discriminator attributes in your attributes? Discriminator attributes are just like a primary key. A primary key has to uniquely identify an entity globally. A discriminator is like a primary key, but within the context of the identifying entity. So, what do I mean by that? I say I just gave you an example. Let me take the, you know, the Moodle example as one more example. We said that an assignment is part of a course. If we treat assignment as a weak entity identified by course, the assignment ID can be a discriminator, meaning I can give an assignment ID of 1, 2, 3, 4 for different assignments of a course. Now, another course may also have assignments labeled 1, 2, 3, 4. So, the assignment ID by itself is not unique. It is repeats across courses, but within the context of a course the assignment ID 1, 2, 3, 4 is enough to identify a particular assignment. Therefore, we will say that the assignment ID in this particular design is a discriminator. And if you want a full primary key for the assignment, it would be course ID comma assignment ID. So, I would say this is a particular course ID and within that this is the assignment ID. The two things together will form a primary key and globally identify this particular assignment. Does that make it clear? Thank you. And one more question. So, in the year diagram you have represented in reply to. So, we are having the input as well as output to the post at post entity. So, is it possible to have such a relationship for the same entity? Yes, it is. The two posts. Yes, absolutely. So, these are relationship which have two connections to the same entity so this is one example. So, our goal was to keep track of you know first of all what is a post? You are saying something. Now, many posts are in reply. Somebody has posted something and then you click on the reply button. So, in reply to identify which posts you are replying to and we decided to model it as a relation from post to itself. Now, we saw another example of this which is course prerequisites. Course is an entity. It is a relationship between course and itself. Which course is a prerequisite of which course? So, that is another example where a relationship has two occurrences of the same entity set and in all such cases we have to give a role label on the edge. So, that we can distinguish between the two instances. One is for example, for prerequisite. One is what is the course idea and the other is which is the prerequisite for this course. If you flipped it you might think that CS 101 is a prerequisite for say CS 201 or CS 201 is a prerequisite for 101 you would not know. So, you need the directionality and that is where the labels come in to make it clear which is a prerequisite for which one. Does that answer your question? Sir, in the assignment we are already having the idea as primary key. In the starting after that we have make that idea as discriminator type. So, is there any rules to make the clear vision in the starting itself while framing the entity sets? Any rules, standard rules? That is a very good question. The question is how do you decide between these two alternatives? We could have made it a strong entity set by making idea globally unique or we could have made it a weak entity set by having a discriminator. Now, there is no hard and fast rules, but there are some things you might want to take into consideration. So, first of all if there was something which was externally meaningful which you could use as a discriminator then maybe it makes sense to use a weak entity set. For in our section example we have to have an identifier for the section. If we have a section we have to like in a school you have to call it a section b section c section 9 a 9 b 8 a 8 b. So, we already have a meaningful identifier externally visible and therefore we chose to use that and make it a discriminator and use it that way. But if you have do not have anything externally meaningful. So, in our Moodle example I D is not externally meaningful when you create a post you can create an ID internally there no external meaning to that ID. So, pretty much in this example in the Moodle example a weak entity is probably a bad idea an assignment might as well have been made a strong sorry not for assignment for a for a post for a post making it a weak entity it was an option it could be identified by the user. But we chose not to make it a weak entity making it a strong entity was probably the right decision. For an assignment we chose to make it a weak entity was that the right decision well that is less clear because within a course you do want to have an identifier for assignment 1 2 3. So, there is already an externally visible meaningful thing, but there are drawbacks to doing that using that also because sometimes people want to change the number for the assignment. In fact, we have done that in Moodle. So, we create an assignment then we reorder it and change the number what was assignment 10 now should become assignment 3 because we moved it up. If we had used assignment number as a you know part of the key for the assignment and made it a weak entity set as I had shown then we would have to do some renumbering and so on it is it is a pain we have to change the value of key for that thing is something refers to it we have to cascade the update to everything. So, let me put it on the screen let me share the screen. So, given that even though the ID is meaningful externally if it may change then may be a better of creating an internal ID which never changes and that is the original version here with the strong entity set. You look at ID here this was the weak one and the original one was the strong version. So, the strong version may be is better in this context than the weak version because then we do not have to modify it ever. So, if the IDs may get modified it may be better to create an artificial ID. The IDs are not going to change like the section ID ABC is not going to change the person may move from section A to section B, but the ID of a section by itself you know A section cannot suddenly become C section tomorrow. So, there it may make sense to create the ID as a discriminator and the class as may be a strong entity and the section is within the class and so forth. Does that answer your question? Thank you sir. Thank you for selecting. While we move to another center let me take some questions. So, the first question is can you give a diagram for condition defined and user defined. So, is there notation for condition and user defined? Now, we do not have it as part of the diagram notation, but in UML you can always add on to the diagram notation by adding text in the diagram annotations. So, we can just annotate it as condition defined and put the condition. So, it is not a formal part of the diagram notation, but you can always add on to it. Well, what is the point of the year notation? It is to help people understand the schema. If you add to some notation and it is clear what it means, no harm in that. The second part of the question is weak entity is not drawn as a double rectangle y. So, this relates to the Chen notation in the notation we used in our book earlier, where a weak entity is shown with a double rectangle and in our new notation a weak entity is shown with a single rectangle y. So, part of the reason is that UML did not have a notion of a double rectangle and we decided anyway a weak entity will not have a primary key. So, there is no attribute underline. On the other hand it should have a discriminator if at all and so, if there is no primary key automatically it becomes a weak entity. So, we decided not to have a double box notation, but yes other notations do use a double box to make it explicit. Thanks for waiting and back to you Shivaji Kolhapur, please ask your question. In the year diagram of Moodle, what is the discriminator of relationship between user and course? At a single point of time one user can participate in one course, but a user can participate in multiple courses at different times. Is it many to one or many to many? So, let me answer that question in two ways. First of all a user can be in many courses at the same time. So, it is definitely many to many. Many users can be in a course, a user can be in many courses. So, every subject that I am registered to there is a separate course in Moodle and I am in each of those. So, it is definitely many to many, there is no other one to many or many to one constraint. However, another way of interpreting your question is let us say that a person has a forget the Moodle case, but let us take something else. If a person is in a department, in our model we said that a instructor must be in a single department, a student must be in a single department, but branch changes do occur. Students have branch change sometimes, instructors also move from one department to another. So, now if you look across time, user may be in multiple departments, student or instructor may be in multiple departments. At a point in time they are in one department. So, how can we model this? The answer is like I said ER models are not actually very well suited to modeling temporal information. So, there is no clean way of doing this. They are modeling information at a point in time. There have been some proposals to extended, but nothing which has been widely accepted. The only extensions for temporal data are in the context of relational data where you take a relational schema and then you decide how to extend it temporarily. So, as practical solution is to take ER diagram for data at a point in time, you work out the relational model from that and then you go back and look at the relational model and see how things change with time and modify it to deal with the temporal aspect. But this might result in some changes which for example, if you fold a department name into instructor, if you decide that temporarily this no longer makes sense, we want to keep track at different points in time, then there are two solutions. One solution is to keep the schema as is that is it represents the current department of the instructor, but add an extra table which keeps track of historical information. So, this is some approach which many people follow. They add an you know where we had instructor department relationship. Now, because across time there may be many different departments, we will create a new relation instructor department which has instructor ID, department name and a time stamp associated and it can have multiple rows to represent historical information. So, that is a good question how to deal with changes which happen across time and I do not have a very strong answer for it, but there are practical answers and this is what people use in practice. You could also go the way of temporal databases where every single fact has a time stamp associated with it and then you do the whole design that way. We have not covered that at this point, but I will maybe talk a little bit about it as part of relational design tomorrow and there the ideas every couple in the relational database has an associated valid time which is at what all times it is valid and then there is a notion of functional dependencies which are based on time and we can use that to decide on a final schema. So, we will talk a little bit about that tomorrow. We have a follow up question, please go ahead if you have any further questions. When the row is inserted into the table, whether any time stamp information is stored because yesterday there was one query to delete all the records which are more than 10 years old. So, suppose I want to write the queries where I want to retrieve all the rows which I inserted yesterday or which are more than some n years old. So, can I write such queries based on time? That is a good question. You have a lot of time related questions. I am happy you brought these up. So, the specific question yesterday was for information more than 10 years old and there we had registration information and the goal was to forget about takes and teachers and so on where the year is more than 10 years old. So, the time there is explicit in the year attribute, but there are many situations where the time is not in the explicit in the relation, but is stored as a time stamp in a couple. So, it is pretty much all databases allow you to declare a attribute of type time stamp which means whenever sorry not the regular SQL time stamp, but auto generated time stamp which means when the row is inserted the current system time stamp is used as the value for that auto generated time stamp. If you do this the rows have an extra field called time stamp and you can use that you can actually access that from SQL. The specific name for that attribute depends on the database, but you can I mean. So, some databases have an implicit time stamp attribute, some allow you to define your own time stamp attribute and say that it is an auto generated value which is generated from the current time stamp. In either case you have access to it in your query and then you can say that delete things where the time stamp is less than more than 10 years old. That was not required in yesterday's assignment, but yes it is something you could do. Okay, we have questions from Seryar Amani Amin. Hello sir, I am Haja from Priya Amani Amin University. Why? I got two questions. What is the difference between ECA relationship in the ER diagram and one to one relationship? So, ISA is a completely different concept from relationship although you in some sense they are connected, but ISA says that this entity is also an instance of this other entity. So, instructor is a person, a student is a person. The student is not related to a person, that may be a different thing. Maybe a person is married to another person, that is a relationship. But ISA says that these are the same entities, not a relationship, this is really the same entity which is could be both a student and a person, that is what ISA means. So, you are specializing persons to students and employees and so on, but they still remain the same entity. It is not two different entities, it is a same entity. Does that answer your question? Yes sir, how foreign entity is represented in ER diagram? Is it possible or not? The question is how is the foreign entity represented in ER diagram? In fact, it is implicit in the ER diagram through relationship. So, this is a good question because I forgot to mention this. When we convert an ER diagram into a relational model, I talked about what are the primary keys that you create. I forgot to tell you about what foreign keys you create and those foreign keys come implicitly from the primary keys, sorry from the relationships that are created here. So, let us use the slides and go back. So, here is an example of advisor. If you see that we took the relationship advisor and created a relation called advisor with two attributes, SID and IID, but note that these are relationship have edges to entities. Now, each of these as a result each attribute of this relation which is created from the relationship, each of these will become foreign key. So, SID is a foreign key to student, IID is a foreign key to instructor. So, these foreign key constraints are added to the table to generate. Similarly, even if we fold the, we had a student-department relationship and we decided to fold that into student by making department name and attribute of student, but because it came from the relationship, department name is automatically going to be made a foreign key referencing department. So, these are the extra constraints we add to the relational schema. In the ER diagram itself, foreign keys are kind of implicit in the relationships that we create. So, there is no need for a separate foreign key. If it, if an attribute, you know if you had an attribute which you thought should be a foreign key referencing another entity set, that means you made a mistake. You should have removed that attribute and created a new relationship between the two entity sets. So, it is good to look at the attribute, see if something ought to be a foreign key. If so, remove the attribute and replace it by a relationship. When you are doing the ER diagram, when you turn it into relations, yes, the foreign keys will reappear. So, thanks for that question and back to you in. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I want to show you a few extra slides. The first is summary of notation which we have used, that you are familiar with. So, if you need to figure out what a notation means, the summary is very useful if you have forgotten. And then the next few things have the alternative ER notation. So, the Chen and ID 1 FX notation, both use these ovals. So, an entity set is a box, attributes are ovals. If you have composite attributes, there are ovals linked from other ovals. Multi-valued attributes are double ovals. Derived attributes are dashed ovals. A weak entity set is double box. And generalization, specialization are also triangles, but which look like this. A big triangle with ISSA written inside it. And for cardinality constraints, there are many notations. In the Chen notation, there is a star and so forth, one thing. In the ID 1 FX, there is something called the cross feet. So, many to many is shown with these are called cross feet on both sides. One to one with no cross feet. Many to one has cross feet on the many side and so forth. And then there are total and partial participation constraints. Here, the vertical line here means that the other side, that is E 1 has total participation. And the circle here, which represents 0 means that the other side E 2 here has partial participation. And in ID 1 FX, you can have a relationship drawn as a direct line, without a diamond. So, that is where those things come in. So, that is just a quick summary. I do not expect you to learn all this, but we have provided it in the slides and in the book. We have a few slides on UML, which is the Unified Modeling Language. It is a diagrammatic tool for representing many, many things. Class diagrams is one small part of UML and that is the part which we have used. Our notation is very closely related to class diagram, but there are some differences. In class diagram in UML, there are prefixes to attribute which like plus is public, minus is private and hash is protected. We have got rid of it, because we do not even look at it. And in terms of the dia tool, we make that as implementation defined, which means none of these three tags appears before the attribute means. And then there are methods, which we use as is. Otherwise, things are similar, but one thing to note is the cardinality constraints are supported in UML, but it turns out the way they write it is flipped from the way we write it. If you see here, 0 star and 0 to 1 are shown in the opposite place here. 0 to star is on this side and 0 dot dot 1 is on the other side in UML. So, in this sense, we have not followed UML. It is very confusing actually, I would say. The notation we have used for cardinality constraint is closer to the traditional E R. Then there are some more on variations between our notation in UML. It is very similar. There are very minor differences. And the last thing I want to mention couple of points. One is when do you use entity sets versus attributes? So, here we have instructor with a phone number. Here, we have another variant, where phone has become an entity and there is a relationship instructor to phone number. Which one do you use? That depends on the thing which you are modeling. If you are a phone company, phone is definitely an entity. You want to keep extra information about it. But if you are an employee database, phone number is perfectly fine to store it as an attribute and not model it as an entity. It is useless modeling it as entity. You might as well just store it as an attribute. Then I have a couple of slide here on converting non-binary relationships to binary form by creating a fake entity. I mentioned it earlier in my talk. So, let me show it diagrammatically here. Do not read all of this for now. I have a ternary relationship between A, B and C. The relationship is called R. What I do is I create a fake entity E. I have to give some ID to it. So, it is generated in internal to the system and I relate E using binary relationships to each of A, B and C. Now, how do I generate instances of this? If I have an actual relationship in the real world R, I will create a new entity corresponding to that. I have to give it some artificial key and then I will insert relationship between. So, that particular relationship related three specific entities. I am going to create three relationships, one relating a new fake entity with the original B entity, one with the original A entity and one with the original C entity. So, that would correspondingly be three relationships R A, R B and R C. If I convert it to a relational model, I will have a relation R A, relation R B and a relation R C whose first attribute would be E, primary key here artificially created and the second attribute for these would be the IIDs, the primary keys of the A, B and C respectively. So, that is how you convert non-binary to binary. There is also some material in the book on cardinality constraints on non-binary relationship, I have skipped it for lack of time and then there is some soft on aggregation. Aggregation is actually confusing, it is not easy to understand I skipped it for that reason and also it causes confusion with aggregation in UML, which has a completely different meaning UML. So, aggregation in ER models is a different topic, I do not have time to cover it here, but I want you to be aware of the fact that there is a concept called aggregation, there is a motivation for it and it avoids certain kinds of redundancy. There are a couple of slides here which illustrated and there are more details in the book if you are interested. So, I will stop there.


Now you are being shown you can escape All that is needed is you look upon the problem as it is and not the way that you have set it up You know back to the problem is in the mind and wrong mindedness Is the problem right mindedness is the solution? That's seeing the problem as it is Not the way that you have set it up, which would be seeing problems as specific in the world involving personhood in some way How could there be another way to solve a problem that is very simple, but has been obscured By heavy clouds of complication which were made to keep the problem unresolved Without the clouds the problem will emerge in all its primitive simplicity The choice will not be difficult because the problem is absurd when clearly seen No one has difficulty making up his mind to let a simple problem Be resolved if it is seen as hurting him and also very easily removed That's raising the darkness to light just bringing it into the light and exposing it This way results in a removal An idea came through today when I was writing the mission statement was One idea was Removing Messengers must see that they must look at the darkness. They must Examine all beliefs and praise them to the light Which is a pretty common statement. We talk about raising beliefs to the light that didn't Stop there The way the statement came out Was They understand that to receive them requires they raise the darkened belief system Ego in their minds to the light truth You know it clumps it clumps the plural into a singular That's another distinction when you go to Seem to go to some of these places where people are getting to the deeper metaphysics They laugh at the idea that there are beliefs have to be raised to the light because That's an illusion too There's just one it seems to take many many different forms But the whole clarity and the whole joy of enlightenment is and seeing That there aren't many It's just one belief system one what really one belief that has to be seen where it is which is in the mind all the specific beliefs even So far as you could talk about time and space or we've read some of the other authors on the course talk about the two dimensions of reality and the temporal dimension The spatial dimension You know even if you took it to time space again those are two forms of the same error and The key is seeing the error raising the the error to the light and Then all of the specific forms time space bodies We've talked about it in the metaphor of the overhead projector of all the overlays you can just look at the stack of overlays You know it has to be kind of raised up it seems it's a very helpful metaphor for those that seem to be just coming into this to talk about in terms of Concepts because that's the way that that's what it seems to be a process of pulling those out and looking at that and The deceit mind can relate to that That's why we have stages of the development of trust That's why we have a workbook with 365 lessons and that's why Jesus uses the term process at times because That's what the deceit mind can relate to it's the only thing it can relate to because it believes in incremental sequential time And that's what else is a process, but Sequential time the quote reasoning by which the world is made on which it rests by which it is maintained is simply this You are the cause of what I do Your presence justifies my wrath and you exist and think apart from me While you attack I must be innocent and what I suffer from is your attack So there's the key line in there could be While you attack I must be innocent you see the subject of the split and you also see that the deceit mind believes that attack and innocence Can coexist you see how The underneath that statement while you attack I must be innocent is the belief that attack and innocence can coexist and the teachings of the courses There's no way If attack is real innocence is not and The corollary could be since attack is unreal And innocence is real But they don't coexist another version of it would be in the workbook where Jesus says You still believe you have to forgive the truth Well the mind that believes that attack is real sees that as true and so It's it also being to see believes that it has to somehow forgive attack This was a distinction that came up early on First visit to God's country place were one of the enlightened awake teachers was teaching that attack is real But you have to overlook it You have to be loving in the face of attack and what we're seeing Clearly stated here and in many other places is that that if attack is real then there is no Innocence there is no guiltlessness Simlessness No one who looks upon this quote reasoning exactly as it is could fail to see It does not follow and it makes no sense Yet, it seems Sensible because it looks as if the world were hurting you and so it seems As if there is no need to go beyond the obvious in Terms of cause if you had to invent the motion picture or if you had to invent a Backup or a screen that would be convincing that the world is hurting you This would be your drama As it seems whether you're watching the news reading the newspapers looking here looking there In your own household anywhere around it just seems like that is teaching that's what the world is teaching That the cause of all hurt and suffering seems to be in the world Not enough food not enough clean air to breathe pesticides diseases and burglars and Wars and all the different things that have seemed to be perceived in the world are Seem to be the causes of all the misery and upset and None of those are the cause So I'll reiterate Go over that last sentence again of the paragraph and so it seems as if there is no need to go beyond the obvious in terms of cause That's a major idea. That's why You know in so many discussions and conversations that it just seems to be at the surface or Even when you come together and you talk about like you've been saying we need to go much deeper on this communication idea if if I believe that Well, I've got this world pretty well figured out and I pretty much know the causes of lack of communication that there are Worldly inhibitors of communication all we have to do is change those worldly inhibitors and we'll have better communication Then why would I want to go? Why would I want to spend time in sessions going so deeply in all those things? That's the key From page 540 first edition the dreamer of the dream There is indeed a need This is where all this is why we look so carefully at every single belief everything in the mind because There is a need to look For for cause within the mind And not to keep relying on the leaf that there's The cause of my misery the cause of my upset is in the world The world's escape from condemnation is a need which those within the world are joined in sharing Yet they do not recognize their common need For each one thinks that if he does his part the condemnation of the world will rest on him And it is this that he perceives to be His part in his deliverance. I remember early on when I was working with the course I mean, I would have the thoughts come to mind of A flash here and there of martyrdom kind of like this is so radical This is so different from the world that I would just have the thought I just would have a flash of myself Of like being a martyr. I mean, that's the typical Or that often a interpretation of Christianity has been You know anyone who would completely follow Christ Must in some way be ready to bear the cross of Christ as he did one fellow who was writing about Christianity says It has been tried and found to be too difficult you really go into the Gospels and You know take no thought for what you wear for what you eat You know when you really start to look at the teachings and you really Follow them in it seems to be to too difficult or impractical and In one sense That's where it's what we're reading about in this paragraph can come in You know it can seem to be that there the condemnation of the world will rest on him And it is this that he perceives to be his part in this deliverance Like somewhere along the line. I'm gonna have to pay a price For following this course It's not gonna be pleasant. I could somehow like it's gonna be a bitter pill but that's part of a Atonement or salvation is to swap swallow the pill or how big it is Big glass of water to wash it down and and just to do it and it's that can't be so It can't be That there's a price to pay for what you are. I Remember when I was the guy's country place also there was discussion of this enlightened being of his moment of Awakening from the dream was described as excruciating excruciatingly painful and I Remember hearing that and in the discussion with some students the same well That's certainly not my Experience of it and I was told you don't have any experience. Oh, you can't you can't come much farther


I'm sorry to be leaving your staff. I've enjoyed it and I'm sure whatever I do won't do. I appreciate what you've done. I wish you will. Thank you. I'll go down there and work for Boone Pickens now. That's what I understand. It's different. It's flat down there. I'm sure I've done it already. Well, I'll pick up a little more of your time. I'm going to zoom in here so you don't forget us. Okay, thank you. I appreciate it.