Yesterday we looked at how linguistic theory works around acquisition of language that is i language and how it how and what constitutes part of what we know as knowledge of language. Today we are going to look at the components of a sentence in little bit more details. So in the study of language there are three main areas and most of the significant questions or even lesser significant questions of scientific nature have been asked in these areas and these are the areas of structure, acquisition and change. And like I have mentioned it to you we are looking at structure is that clear? Out of the three the reason why we are talking about linguistic structure or the structure of a sentence is structure has been favorite area for many people. Most of the questions as I mentioned to you most of the interesting questions have been asked in linguistics that are related to a structure that is answer to those questions we get from the study of a structure of language. Have you had these names that you see on your screen? Panini, Bloomfield, Ferdinandis Essoor, Martine, Chomsky, Chomsky I discussed yesterday how about other names have you heard these names? How many of them? Panini is. In Indian context he is very famous. Why is he famous? He basically codified Sanskrit language in a written form the grammar of Sanskrit language. Actually you are right that his study is about Sanskrit but when he studies Sanskrit he talks about the structure of language and that structure is applicable to language in general that is there is a difference between language and Sanskrit. There is a difference between language in Hindi and language in English. When we say Hindi, Sanskrit, English, Tamil, Telugu these are examples of language these are called a language and talking about language is about the structure of language. So Panini in a study of Sanskrit actually talks about structure of language at the level of words and I will show you more at the level. So these are the three different areas in this structure of language. So Panini has studied all three of them and has talked about composite discussion of language. Anybody remembers his famous contribution? One famous book that is synonymous with Panini now the name of that book is anybody last minute and this word itself means eight chapters and in eight chapters alone this book is not more than twenty pages twenty-five pages. In these twenty-five pages eight chapters he has only written rules what we can now say equations or algorithms and that describes language at the level of sounds words and sentences. This is why I have put Panini there Panini, Ferdinand Disso, Bloomfield, philosophers like Martinet and linguist Chomsky. These are the people who have who have studied structure of language and Panini has studied at all three levels but Chomsky and others have studied language only at the level of sentence. However, there are contributions of Panini of studies of sounds, sound patterns of English and others and its implications for structure of word and morphology as well which is morphology. So let us look at sentence now in little bit more details. So like we discussed Panini let me tell you one more important thing about Chomsky and linguistics. When Chomsky talks about eye language he talks about his object of a study is a sentence and he talks about ideal native speaker. Anybody knows about this ideal native speaker? No. An ideal native speaker for a for a Chomsky is it it first of all it does not exist in real world. The ideal native speaker is who speaks a language. If we talk we talk about English the person speaks English and speaks nice sentences like sentences like these the door is open. This is a pen this is a phone these kinds of sentences he speaks therefore we say an ideal native speaker takes a chunk as a sentence and idealizes it. However in real world we do not speak idealized sentences and I will show you what I mean by that. This is an ideal sentence an example of an ideal sentence. What does this sentence mean? What does this sentence mean? The door is open. A state of an object. Tell me a simpler meaning what it means. This is a this is a door right what is it right now closed. When the two sides of it are apart from one another that is what probably you mean the state of object and we say it is open for for Chomsky linguistics the important thing is to study the components of sentences which is part of I language. When we bring E language into which is that is particularly discourse in it this sentence may have different meanings. What kind of meanings do you think this sentence can have do you want me to give you context for that or can you give me some couple of different meanings of this sentence. There is an opportunity in in that example the door is being used as a metaphor for opportunity right let us talk about physical reality this is closed right now someone knocks at it right and you say the door is open what does it mean in that context you can you can come in right you are inside the door right now you are inside and someone tells you the door is open what does that mean it could mean go and close the door it could also mean right just get out right when the person entered the door and is standing near the door and then you say the door is open then it means please close it before you enter it is still remained open this is called interpretations and this is part of discourse. What I am trying to tell you with this example is such things are not part of I language such things are not part of what we are going to discuss this structure of language and this is why probably it is sometimes called monotonous let us say what is it that we are going to going to talk about and see how this could be interesting as part of a sentence I have picked up a very small one the sentence is I like pizza and again a simple sentence everybody understands the meaning of this. Then if I ask you what I ask you about different components of this sentence like I like and pizza can you tell me little bit about different components of sentence what is I in this sentence subject and like a verb very nice and pizza object right how do you know that how do I know I is a subject in other words the question that I am asking is how do we know about subject how do we figure out that a particular component of a sentence is a subject. Action that is implied by the verb on something that is implied by the object like that. So someone some component which tells us about doing some action is a subject right in the previous sentence the door is open what is the subject I am not trying to prove that you are wrong I am only trying to give you a different example in the previous sentence the door is open what is the subject probably the door as a matter of fact it is difficult question for you to answer but let us take the door as the subject is the door doing anything right. So then how can we put this thing as a defining characteristic of subject when we are saying two contradictory features defining subject doing something and not doing something both can make a component subject do you see the contradiction we are going to talk about that but as part of your answer you are right I is the subject of this sentence like is the verb and pizza is the object before we go to subject object and verb I have put these two words subject and predicate have you heard of this word predicate and it that means predicate means let me please tell me the dictionary meaning of it first predicate anybody alright I think that is a difficult question to ask is it difficult to give a dictionary meaning of predicate it is difficult because I am also not going to give it to you the verb and the object that is precisely correct correct if we leave the subject out if we have figured out what is the subject of a sentence then everything else is the predicate true which essentially means that predicate includes verb and everything associated with the verb point number one and which also means if you look at it harder the subject is not part of predicate that is if there is a relationship between subject and the verb that relationship is additionally imposed that is not natural relationship between the two what I mean by that I am going to describe that to you in a moment but in order to get these two points it is important to at least take a look at these two terms subject and predicate is this point clear how the distinction how understanding the distinction between subject and predicate helps us understand that subject is an important component of a sentence but then it is not part of the predicate and everything else is part of predicate besides subject get this thing subject object and verb these are called grammatical relations in a sentence grammatical by grammatical relations I mean the following when I say okay let us say I like pizza this I said subject but this is a pronoun also this is a verb and this is an object but this is a noun too so and by pronoun what is the definition of a pronoun anybody any word that replaces a noun or any word that can come in place of noun so can we say the pronoun is also a type of noun right so it is a convenient way to make a distinction between a noun and a pronoun but eventually at the end of the day they are also nouns and they are different kind of a noun of course but they are a noun because a noun can very well come in this place when we say John likes pizza right now this is a noun when it is a noun and this one is a noun these are these are their categorical features that is by themselves they are nouns and grammatical relations are important in a sentence these nouns or pronouns receive grammatical relations only in a sentence get this point the grammatical relations are not important outside sentence that is there is nothing about this and this noun which makes it a subject it is simply the place in this in this sentence that makes this a subject or the place in the sentence place of this noun in this sentence which makes it a subject or which makes it an object get this that is what is the meaning of grammatical relations take the example of normal life we individually we are human beings right but when do relations become important we know about human relations right mother father brother sister that becomes relevant when we are looking at group family society right individually people are individual humans similarly these individual components of a sentence may be independently nouns verbs nouns pronouns adjectives such are their categorical features in a in a sentence they receive grammatical relations like subject object and making sense moving on talking about the structure of a structure of a sentence across the world across the languages of the world once a once again how many languages are there in the world any idea which means what I understand very little mathematics five digit means or ten thousand definitely not more than ten thousand anybody close to that I think I have mentioned this before that that makes it even more interesting do you know the total number of languages spoken in India somewhere seventeen hundred right alright I take this as seventeen hundred actually some records mention that is one thousand six hundred fifty two but nobody knows the exact number why not fifty three why fifty two nobody knows the exact number and a rough estimate tells us around five thousand five hundred languages are spoken all over the world which means more than or roughly one third of them are spoken in India out of all those languages these are the three different structures three common patterns that you find in in some languages you find order number one which is subject object and work in some languages you find order number two which is object sorry subject verb and object what is the difference between these two these two orders the first two go ahead please tell me the difference between order number one and order number two right so it is about the position of a verb so languages differ from one another depending upon the position of a verb in a sentence somebody said speak Telugu what is the order of the word verb in a Telugu sentence subject object and what is the order of a verb in a English sentence like I like pizza right and then the third order is verb subject and object which means depending upon the position of a verb in a sentence whether the verb is the final constituent of a sentence whether verb is middle middle middle component of a sentence or a verb is an initial component of a sentence there are three types of languages in the world in other words all the languages of the world can be divided into three these three major categories which we say verb final languages verb middle languages and verb initial languages you had question right very important very nice question when we have three components probably we can have more than three permutations three combinations that is not available in language more than these permutations or combinations are not available in the languages of the world I know I know hold on I am not trying to avoid the question all other orders that you find are called scrambling it is also possible to come up with a sentence in Telugu or for that matter in Hindi which begins with a verb that does not make Hindi or Telugu a verb initial language not only poetic liberty in normal conversation also we can use a sentence which can begin with a verb can you think of a sentence which begins with a verb in a normal conversation I know Hindi I can give you a Hindi example you understand Hindi I can say a sentence like this is a good sentence what is the position of a verb in these two sentences the initial one which does not make Hindi a verb initial language I can put a verb in the middle of the sentence as well in a language like Hindi Telugu or Tamil I do not know Tamil like therefore I cannot give you an example of it but you know Telugu can you think of a sentence in Telugu where verb comes in the middle now with the help of my example of Hindi sorry verb in the middle sentence means what I went to cinema verb in the middle sentence means what I went to cinema and well is went so you see but that is not the normal order of a Telugu sentence what will be the normal order of a Telugu sentence does that can I get an example from Malayalam also please same same sentence I went to cinema I went to cinema please give us the sentence first loudly loudly loudly you were saying say it again that is like saying cinema went which means the verb is the final component of this sentence now is a sentence possible with verb in the middle of it we can say that we do not say that that is not a normal order right what I am trying to see whether that is an acceptable order or not it may not be well acceptable in this example but you can very well come up with some other example where a verb in the middle of a sentence is acceptable the point that I am trying to make is that does not make Hindi Telugu Malayalam verb middle language or verb initial language similarly other than these three combinations are not possible and Sanskrit may have examples where a sentence begins with a verb but then Sanskrit is not a verb initial language and such possibilities of combinations in a real sentence in a in a language like Hindi Telugu Malayalam or Sanskrit this is called this is a special feature of language which is called a scrambling get it scrambling simply means putting words at different places these are called default order these are called default order when we make this order anything different that is called scrambling and that is a feature of all the languages of the world some languages are very rigid some languages do not allow a scrambling that easily others allow more frequently all South Asian languages from Kashmiri to Malayalam and Gujarati to Manipuri they allow a scrambling very easily a language like English on the other hand which is very well in Indian language to does not allow a scrambling that much we cannot say I cinema went in a normal order or in a in a scrambled order as well we cannot say that went to cinema people say where you understand what you wanted to say I went to cinema or something else but scrambling in a language like English is not that easy there are regions for that and we will talk about those regions some other time are the orders of words in a sentence clear there are three things that I want you to understand from this slide first about a sentence subject and predicate orders order of words in a sentence and then about grammatically relations clear we have we we looked at this this thing we discussed that predicate consists of everything else in a sentence which leaves us with a question what is a subject we tried to look at that as well that what makes a noun like John the subject of the sentence is an important question that we need to answer we will we will develop or evolve answer to this question what is a subject of a sentence throughout our discussions at this point I want to mention it to you that it is not an easy question to answer as you can see it is okay to say sometimes the agent of the action in the sentence is the subject of of the sentence that is one probable definition of subject of a subject in a sentence but that is that does not hold too long so we will we will keep looking at these things similarly what makes pizza an object of this object of this verb an object in this sentence is purely related to its position okay we will talk about that as well so in these two sentences that you see on your screen I like pizza and I teach linguistics to MA students every thing in red that you see is a predicate and I happens to be the subject okay so let us let us look at the next one before we look at other components of the sentence let me talk to you about words how do we define a verb anybody let me begin with a very simple question user how do we define a verb what is a verb is an action verb is a word that talks about some action in a sentence is that what you want to say okay very nice anything else anybody want to say about that that is the that is the physical description of a word in inside a sentence what is the role of a verb very nice so if we look at these sentence John likes a pizza in this sentence John and pizzas do not make a sentence right and individually they do they are not either subject or they are not object they are subject they are nouns they become a subject or an object around verb so verb is a very significant component of a sentence in other words sometimes verbs are said to be power house of a sentence that is everything else evolves around verb there are two types of words in general in all the languages of the world and these two types are as you can see here transitive words and intransitive words I have tried to define it little bit can I ask you what these two words mean again transitive and intransitive and I am particularly asking you about the dictionary meaning because I want to draw your attention to a very simple point that some some words in the study of a structure of language like predicate intransitive transitive are difficult to to describe through dictionary meanings so a transitive verb means what please transitions shows the meaning of the word transition such as please elaborate on transition object should accompany the words I mean I like it is not a complete object I like something can be anything these are something those are whatever true so if you take intransitive I sleep that completes the sentence I mean we do not need object further very nice do you understand what he is saying it is very nice description of it that a transitive verb necessarily requires an object and when we say necessarily requires an object that necessary requirement is about completion of the sentence a transitive verb which requires an object in the absence of the of such object does not give us a complete sentence like this one if we drop the object from the sentence like John likes pizza or I like pizza if I simply say I like this does not give you a complete meaning when I stop at this point I like probably you are waiting for me to complete it or if I do not then you can very well ask this question like what did not understand what you were what you are trying to say at the same time intransitive verbs are not do intransitive verbs do not need objects and which means again without objects they are complete when I when we say I am sleeping the you do not ask any further question you understand this sentence right but so that is okay but how do I know that a verb like sleep will not need an object or a verb like eat or read or like will need an object this also has relevance for teaching this teaching any language right you read what but you cannot ask you sleep what so essentially a transitive verb you can ask what at the end of a transitive verb but intransitive words will tend to answer questions like where and when you can say I slept in my room or I slept last night you cannot ask you slept what you can only ask you slept where or you slept how you slept when true do we understand this great answer great answer simple simple test if you can ask the question what with a verb take take any verb and if you can ask a question and that is a meaningful question then it is a transitive verb in other words if the question is meaningful probably you are going to get an answer also and the answer to that question will make it will become the object of that verb okay so you can ask this question ask a question here I like pizza I like what right answer to this question pizza dosa or anything else is the object of that that verb if a verb does not allow a question with what just with what it does not matter whether you can really make a question for that word or not no other question word is important if the verb does not allow you a question with what then it is an intransitive word again if the verb does not allow you a question with that with what probably you do not get an answer either so go what not a good question therefore you are not expecting any answer either which helps you conclude that this is an intransitive word so what are we doing with this question what basically what are we doing with this question what we are trying to figure out whether we whether the verb needs an object or not and only one question word which is what helps us figure this out that makes us find out about these about verbs whether a verb is transitive or an intransitive amazing this this test works for 99% of time sometimes it may not I can however that does not mean this is not a good test if it works for 99% of time it is good but it is important for us to know that it does not work everywhere I can give you one example I do not have it on the screen I can give you one example of the verb meet in English meet transitive or intransitive transitive why even if we use sentences like why do not we meet it is nothing but a form of object and verb again sorry object in the subject again anybody else anything no but suppose if it is a transitive word how do I know it is a transitive word this test does not work but then it does not answer the question what so if it is we are not contesting whether it it can be both or not taking it as an example of a transitive verb our test does not work here but it is it this definitely can be a transitive verb we can say I met with a doctor I cannot say I met when I say I met this is not a complete sentence see now I want to relate this to what I was discussing with you yesterday which is knowledge of language when this particular aspect of language is part of knowledge of language that is for native speakers they do not look at this question to make to make it certain that this is a transitive or one intransitive it is it is clear in their mind that this is a transitive verb this is an intransitive something else is intransitive when they say I met when someone tells the native speaker of English I met they immediately know that the sentence is not complete say it say it more and then we know that that is not an intransitive that is not an intransitive verb it is a transitive verb but this test does not work that is all I wanted to say that this does not work so sometimes objects may be of different nature that is all it means so not all this objects have to come out of the question what however now more than 99 percent of the time it works there are there are few more examples we can talk about them later before I go to the real structure of a sentence to show you phrase structure this is one more important thing to talk about which is part of the predicate so we looked at the verb there are two types transitive verbs intransitive verbs and verbs are central element of a sentence it is also called powerhouse all other elements develop around it great nice so let us talk about objects as well objects are as we have just seen objects are in a way a component that defines verb that defines type of a verb if they if we have an object it is a transitive verb if we do not have an object it is an intransitive verb therefore objects being part of predicate and closely related to verb is no surprise for us that we have just seen but they can be of different types and the two types that are very commonly known are called direct objects and indirect objects so can you tell me something about direct object or indirect objects again besides what is written on the screen how do we know about an object how do we know about an object whether an object is in direct object or indirect object and again the dictionary meaning of these two words direct and indirect does not help us much it is it is configurational relation to the verb and only the way these objects are related to a verb is what tells us about whether an object is direct object or indirect object the direct object follows the verb so does an indirect object but you added the word immediately the direct object immediately follows the verb great example and so in the hold on so I this distinction clear what you see on the screen in a sentence I teach linguistics to m a students linguistics is direct object and two m a students is indirect object that is just a broad distinction but I am glad you asked this you raised this question we can say I teach m a students linguistics in that sentence I teach m a students linguistics we still have m a students as indirect object and linguistics as direct object what that answers the question what exactly direct object will be the answer to the question what I am sorry you were saying something indirect object will be the answer to the question add something to the direct object it could be you are you are right it could be an answer to whom if you can ask this question for a subject sorry for a verb for example if I say I like pizza this sentence is good enough with a direct object this sentence does not need an indirect object so when I say I eat a pizza the question to whom is not relevant therefore this sentence is good enough with a direct object when a sentence needs both at a time direct object and indirect object that is when a verb needs both that type of verb has a different name and that name is what are the names that you have seen so far what are the types of verbs you have seen so far in transitive transitive and this type of verb is called di transitive so transitive verb is a verb when it needs one object di transitive is the one when it needs two so a verb like teach is a is type of a di transitive verb it needs two objects at a time so when I say I teach linguistics to a native speaker of English this is an incomplete sentence the same way I like is an incomplete sentence we need to say teach linguistics there is something missing this may not be intuitively available to us that is this distinction may not be intuitively available to someone who does not English need who does not speak English natively you understand what I am saying for lot of us who speak English as a second language I teach linguistics can be a good sentence therefore it may be difficult for us to find what is the incompleteness about this sentence so if we are unable to derive incompleteness about that sentence that is because we are not the native speakers of English however this sentence will remain incomplete if you do not put indirect object the order of direct object and indirect object is important but when they change their position they do not change their grammatical relations and the answer and what you said about answer to the question what is the actual meaning of what I mean when I have put here close to verb and away from the verb so the object that is an answer to the question what is the object that is close to the verb again it has one more meaning close to the verb away from the verb that I will show you when I talk about configurational relationship between these components for the syntax of it any any other question that you may have about these things no in that case we will stop here and we talk about configurational relationship of elements in a sentence tomorrow.


What we now know as Wireshark came from a project that began in 1998. It is a free and open source packet analyzer that is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, protocol development, and education. If you would like to know more about the wide array of features offered by Wireshark, visit their website at Wireshark.org. There, you can also find thorough documentation in the software's user guide. The user guide also gives more information about the different menu and toolbar items. As such, we're not going to go into that in this video. Instead, we're going to look at the process of starting a capture and seeing an overview of the results as a very basic introduction. In the upper left hand corner of the screen, there's an icon called list the available capture interfaces, when you click that icon, a new screen pops up that lists all the available network interfaces. You can select one or all of these to monitor and then click the start button. Once you click start, you'll see traffic starting to come in on the original screen. We'll let that run for a few seconds to capture some packets, then we'll stop the capture by clicking the stop the running live capture button, four over from the left at the top. Now that we've stopped the capture, we can examine the packets. Let's examine how the wire shark screen looks now. There are three new areas that contain information. The top most area is a high level view of the network and packets traveling through the network. When you click on one of these items, then you'll see the information relating to that packet divided by protocol layers in the area in the middle of the window. Beneath that, you have that information in hexadecimal. This is also called the raw packet. Now, we're going to drill down a little deeper into a particular packet. For this demonstration, we're going to use a bit of TCP traffic. Let's follow the stream of this first, TCP packet. Select to highlight the packet and right click. From the right click menu select follow TCP stream. A new window will pop up with the contents of the entire stream of this packet. At the bottom of the screen, select the radio button labeled ASCII. In our example here, we have an IRC chat log. You can see the entirety of this user's IRC chat, including private messages, from decoding the packet stream. Wire shark is a powerful tool that can be used for many things. This is just a small sample of what can be done. To download wire shark and try some things for yourself, visit wireshark.org.


Hey good evening everybody it's me John Park and I am guest hosting here tonight on show and tell here on Adafruit Industries broadcasting conglomerate you may be picking us up on YouTube or LinkedIn or Facebook or Periscope is that still exist I don't even know but if you're wondering where the conversation is happening around our live broadcasts and other topics you can check out our discord which is over at adafruit.it slash discord and you can jump into the live broadcast chat channel and participate in the conversation. Also if you head there or to the Adafruit blog you can grab a link and join us because we would love to see what you're working on what you've got to show and to tell any projects you're doing any observations new gear stuff you're building we'd love to see it and so what we're going to do is take a few minutes with a few of our Adafruit people and we have at least one community member logged in already to show off some stuff and then we will I think we just have a few people so we'll probably wrap up a little early but either way we will wrap up for sure in time for Ask an Engineer which happens at 8 o'clock Eastern time and it is 730 Eastern right now if you're wondering about all the time math that's happening that's it so first off I'm going to bring on Scott Hey John thanks for hosting, thanks for having me. What you working on what's new? Yeah so I've been working on USB host which is the idea that you can plug an existing USB device into a circuit pipe on board or a board running circuit So I can't show the rest of it but this is IntelliQ ease I've showed this before but what I didn't have working before is you can actually press it and the light comes on when you press and if you can hear it where's the speaker I don't know where the speaker is Yep it's beeping and the way that that's working is actually when it gets the when the circuit piping could read that a press down has happened it has to send a thing back to the device to tell it to beep and make the LED go so that was me getting it working so that we can send stuff back to the device Right on. Okay part two of this show is the window that I've got for you so this is a tool called chi-tie struct and what I've been using it for is taking blobs of binary data and making sense of it so what we have on the right hand side here is some data that I captured by just spitting it out from circuit pipe on so these are the data packets that come from the IntelliQ ease back into circuit python and then you can write these definitions for chi-tie struct that tell you kind of what the structure is so it's a repeated list of reports and then a report is an event ID and then a different type depending on the event ID and then what down here is this is all the data that is parsed out so if I want to click here it will highlight the bits in the in the data file that match up with this object and so we can see sensor changes and then we scroll down we can say oh here's the here's the version number response and you can see that it's labeled them differently and then here's like membrane press and release so I've been using that I thought I'd just highlight that as a like very cool tool that's handy and if people want copies of these chi-tie structs I just put them in my github just as public so hopefully people can at least Google for them in the long run. I also did USB descriptor parsing and USB HID report parsing as well. Oh that's great and so for in case people don't know that IntelliQy's keyboard is an assistive device for which there are no longer drivers right it's a yeah it's a pretty used device even though it's right it's a pretty weird one because the firmware has to be loaded every time it plugs in it doesn't it doesn't store the firmware itself so one thing I got working is the actual firmware loading and then after that it was a matter of like reading the the data and then there's also like these overlays so that the sensor changes as we saw in the dump are actually the light sensors for the ah where's me I'm disoriented that black line on the edge there that goes in front of a light sensor that comes in as a sensor change and so that's how you would tell which which overlay you had is the the light level that that you're seeing whether it was so presumably you could drop in a different overlay and if you've already defined that yeah structure you can immediately use the new my handy like folio overlays so cool so the circuit by the code doesn't do this it's it's not fully featured circuit by the code isn't it's just a proof of concept that like all the bits work yeah because there is a lot of work to just do all that mapping whichever membrane one you're pressing to what you want to do with a keyboard I haven't done that part but I'm hoping somebody else will I just wanted to prove it out so that's one thing and then since since we don't have a whole lot of people probably let me show you this yeah we have time if you have another thing to show so tomorrow is hardware happy hour which is like a monthly thing where we get together and I wanted to show us be host so I have a feather tft thing here and then on the back I've got the rp 2040 usb thing and I got a little sidetracked so not actually going to show usb with this although it does work what I was playing around with was upside down I was playing around with switching the font up for 9.0 so this is a font that jeffler found called cassette and it's really spaced weirdly right now because I just set it up to be bigger because I was playing around with these emojis sorry my usb cable is not quite long enough um come on let me pull it yeah we've got like rocket snake shrug oh yeah and like a smiley showing up there uh-huh and because we're you know kind of going in this vein of usb host and circuit python as a standalone computer I thought wouldn't it be cool if we had emojis working in the terminal as a way for you to do games it's like ASCII games right those 8 bit era computers they would have like line drawing primitives and box primitives as well and those are in unicode so um I was like a little mini pallet of sprites almost if you show me yeah and like the modern like that was all custom at the time but the modern version of that is emojis right um I was playing around with this font that has emojis and having some trouble because the emojis actually different sizes so that's why like the smiley is cut off like it's it's extra big oh I thought it was just that weird saluting half face oh no it's it's meant to be the it's meant to be the um the yeah the shades one with shades but unfortunately like the font hasn't been strict about like it's it's 6 by 13 but then the like full one is not 13 by 13 and ideally be 6 by 12 because then you'd have 12 by 12 anyway so I'm playing around with that there's also another font called Unifont that might work better and that Unifont has support for like Japanese and Korean and a lot of other languages that would also benefit from this like let's do half width and full width characters right right because then we can actually have terminal support for other languages what should be cool really cool well thanks so much for bringing those on Scott yeah thanks for having me all right have a good one all right next up we got maker Melissa hey how's it going hey good uh you want to share my screen or my second camera there okay so what I have is I just have this touchscreen hooked up and I only have the touchscreen component of it it's running a new touchscreen controller than we have drivers for so I now have it working so I can move the it around and it'll affect the screen on the HDMI so it's getting the input and moving the mouse around that's great so that is running on a Raspberry Pi yeah external trackpad exactly that's how it's going to work in there neat oh very cool and what all do you have hooked up there what's the what's the you got one of those nice breakouts for oh oh yeah it's one of the type the tea cobbler from the store and what is the is it a pair of resistive touch elements that you need to wire up from the screen there or how does that oh um it's it's like a TSC 2046 compatible chip I think it's actually XPT 2046 and that's reading the resistive touch that you're doing and then it's communicating via the spy interface to tell the Raspberry Pi where you're going so it's a it was just a matter like finding all the right settings and everything but the driver is already built in which is cool cool oh nice work thanks for thanks for showing that off Melissa take care thanks you too all right next up we've got no way hello hey what's up JP how much what's new what's going on all right what's new we have a 3d printed adobot yeah so this is a prop maker feather rp2040 that's powering it we got a new pixel stick inside the mouth and then it's it's got a servo a micro servo that's controlling the head I got a little push button in the back and I got a speaker in there so when I press the button so I sampled a couple of way files from the circuit playground episodes so I got two different ones it's all done in circuit python shout out to Liz for doing the code for this one really nice yes we heard something so I'm really happy how the the parts all turned out so we got some poseable limbs we got the two two arms because it'd be great if we had one arm and then we have the claws that are fully articulating and little feet are very adorable they also articulate somewhat really nice update to this we had one like a couple years ago but we didn't really do much else with it yeah but the prop maker feather is really like the the best kind of it does have an onboard accelerometer so I thought it'd be fun to like when you want the head to stop moving you kind of lay him down and then the the new pixel kind of pulsates to kind of like he's sleeping yeah and it helps because like this this the slide switch to turn it off and on is right here so if I want to like turn it off it's like shake his head and he'll let me play it's like a safe way to like turn him off that's great go to sleep at about I need to shut you off oh that's really clever I like that yeah also you said it's a is it a rigid stick yeah so such a nice effect of right illusion of the curve yeah so the way I did that was I just printed a separate like mask that's in the shape and all that it is it's exposing the mouth so it's black filament because otherwise it would shine through the whole head so good that was like the easiest way to do it so if I pop open the head yeah you'll be able to see the the black black yeah so that was the way I was able to do that yeah you have access to the USB port right there so we can recharge the battery or reprogram it or add new sounds but yeah folks seem to think it's cute it is and you you really nailed it with filament colors too oh yeah there's there's a ton of different colors these days and I made a special version just for PT I was noticing the goth goth yeah so he's got like a couple of you know desaturated black colors so cool yeah so folks can have fun printing in different colors love that and we got a learn guide published today thank you for reviewing it by the way yeah and yeah folks can start printing it out there's a lot of pieces to it but I kind of had to do it that way just so that you can do all the different colors and just take your time printing each part out uh huh now it's great and what are we working on? great work on that really cool yeah so people head on over to learn.adaford.com and check it out it should be in the new guide section and they'll probably highlight it tonight on the engineer so you said it alright let's see if we can say goodbye what? okay it quite can't say goodbye but bye you know alright and uh last up we have Todd about joining us tonight hey there Todd hey so um several months ago I made this like latest iteration of this little uh step sequencer sent thing in preparation for synth IO being awesome yeah this is pretty this is pretty big and complex so a couple weeks ago I made a much smaller board it is meant to hold a cutie pie a little OLED display a couple of pots and four little touch surfaces and then like midi and audio out and so that looks like via my magic of screen and screen technology here is uh is this and um let me just jam the little battery here and so these two knobs currently control frequency cutoff and resonance and so when you press little touch pads yeah just doing this backwards is kind of hard but the uh one of the whole points of this is that I'm working on a sort of um instrument and patch system for synth IO and so like this is one patch here's a different patch and you can sort of hear the filters being modulated there by an envelope and so uh and of course you can still just the filter manually yeah so that's what I'm working on is this little this little board it's pretty cheap it's pretty fun and um hopefully it'll be in the the tendy store at some point great yeah and so uh to explain a little more about your uh your patch and instrument ID inside of synth IO can you talk about that uh well let's see so so synth IO does a lot of really cool things where it actually does most of the like connections for you so you don't have to really make a patch in the normal sense but if you want to do a lot of the uh it's got a very it's got a very particular sense of how things should be connected so if you want to do something a little differently like have multiple oscillators per note or have a filter that's modulated over time the way the amplitude is modulated over time then you have to do something you have to have extra code that sort of runs on a timer and adjusts things in real time um and so that's what the what the patch system is is it holds all the synth IO parameters and all these extra parameters puts them in one little little object and then you can like just sort of choose each different one and I don't have it working very well yet but but it's getting it's it's it this is this is the sort of like proof of concepts and it's a nice little test platform for it that's great do you have a name for your your uh little cap touch synth board here uh this one it's currently called unimaginably cutie pie synth hey that works because it holds a cutie pie and that's it's a synth so yeah that's about it excellent very cool I don't do those fancy cool names man let the people decide let them that's great and if people want to find out more where should they look where should they follow you uh probably github um like look at the github repo uh there's a there's a github repo for this right now but there's nothing in it except for the the board files of this bad version of the board which has a lot of slope screen mistakes yep good so if you can get in on the ground floor of that action that's right that's right so if you do have the ability to make PCBs you can make one of these yourself and like you know kind of knock yourself out so it's kind of lo-fi it's not really you know it's not it's not meant to be a high quality synth it's meant to be kind of a fun lo-fi little gritty synth and are you uh doing an i2s amp output or PWM output not even that yeah yeah PWM yeah if you look it's just got uh this is the audio out this is the doing things backwards this is the audio out jack and it's just got a couple of resistors and capacitors um from the standard uh uh rp2040 data sheet on how to convert PWM to audio and so it's super low-tech but it works yeah low-cost low-tech and it works really well yeah nice nice all right well thank you so much Todd we look forward to seeing the uh progress on cutie pie synth take care thanks man alright we have a couple more people who have entered so let me go ahead and add mouse to the stream hello mouse hi okay uh can you hear me well I hear you well yeah would you like your other screen added as well uh yeah so first I'll just say that this is the module I showed off last week which is a digital FM synth based on a rp2040 keyboard and uh right now put my screen I wrote some uh software for editing patches which is notoriously hard on digital FM synths um but uh I'm actually going to ignore all the funds looking stuff over here and I want to talk about the right hand side where I have a little panel that uh connect is directly connected by USB serial to the module so you can see I have some uh some debugging messages it shows here right here and uh I was able to just using the USB serial that's in the the um CSDK for the Pi Pico uh I was able to do all sorts of uh communications so uh one of the really useful things is that I can download firmware oh you can't see the pop-up dialog in different windows sorry but if I if I if I click on here I can I can download firmware to the device it automatically it tells sends a command down there that tells my firmware to do the uh reboot into bootloader mode like when you hold down the boot and reset because now that the thing is is inside my my synth here I can't reach the reset button anymore right so um yeah and then it uh so the software sends a command and then it waits for the fake USB drive to show up where you drag the uf2 file firmware file and it just copies firmware file on there so it's really convenient when I'm when I'm programming a debugging yeah oh that's that's a smart addition uh the other yeah and uh it sent I can get percent version information from the firmware also to debugging stuff I'll make debugging messages and I can also this is also how I download patches sends a command over the USB serial to the the module the firmware in the module and waits for it to send a whole data file I can oh you can't see what I'm doing but it uh there we go wait a sec there it is yeah so I can download a whole new patch bank um I was actually surprised how well it works just using um because on the on the uh rp2040 side it's in written in c++ and it just uses the c standard output and standard in standard out which is connected to the USB serial so it's just reading and writing stuff like printing and stuff and uh I was surprised how well I was able to get it to work well it looks really useful yeah so helpful to be able to iterate uh between yeah yeah I had to do that to be able to download patches because I got started to programming patches in c++ I can imagine oh that's great uh I don't want to put you on the spot but can you play us a little demo of something from this patch yeah what I have here okay thank you to let you know that song that's great really cool thank you so much mouse thanks for bringing that on and sharing the progress with it looking great alright and uh we have uh one more uh shower teller djdevin3 I'll bring it on now hello hello can you hear me I hear you well yeah okay what you got today oh I just wrapped this up well I wrote a new driver for this display uh it took me a better part of a day and with a lot of help um and this is let me just load this real-time demo hopefully it doesn't crash so this is going through Fitbit API it goes through a SHA 256 hash base 64 encoding pulls your latest heartbeat and this is my mom's heartbeat that I'm monitoring it's very basic because I literally just finished this like two minutes ago so I'm going to have like this cute little you know heart shaped icon with a heart beat so I can see your latest heart beat so yeah that's it oh that's great and so is that a Bluetooth low energy device uh that you're reading uh this is connected to an ESP 32 Adafruit ESP 32 S3 uh it's right behind it so and this is connected via spy uh and I'm I just wrote the the eight okay yeah because it's a custom api so I wrote an entire new Adafruit requests Fitbit api so this is a demo of that which as I'm cleaning up because there's a lot of personal data in there that you don't want so so um that will be released sometime this week next week something like that I'm still working on it's a work in progress yeah oh excellent well that's looking great thank you for sharing that djdm3 well thank you you have a great day you too bye bye all right well that is going to do it thank you everyone for bringing on the very cool projects and sharing those uh bring yours on next week uh I think we'll have Liz hosting next week uh as another guest host and then Phil and Lamora will be back on the week after that so please bring your cool stuff we love to see it and next up you've got enough time for a little bit of a break go grab a snack or a beverage or something because you're going to want to go see ask an engineer happening in six minutes at eight o'clock p.m. eastern time so that's it for me that's it for show and tell thanks everyone I'm John Park trade for industries and I will see you soon bye bye


When you change too much for some people, they start to criticize you or make snipe remarks because what's happening is you are reminding them of how much they need to do that. So they can't celebrate your new hairstyle. They can't celebrate your weight loss, a new wardrobe option that you have now. They can't celebrate that because they feel insecure by the work you're doing because it shows up the work that they're not doing. And if that can't be fixed and be improved upon, what also have to happen is you have to have new relationships that align with the new versions of you that you become.


Russell Fork Pharmacy is your locally owned pharmacy, offering fast, friendly service with competitive prices and free delivery. Call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit RussellForkPharmacy.com and download our free mobile app for refill requests and more. Football practice has continued in the Mountain State and with Mingo County recently moving into a green-coated county, the Tug Valley Panthers are getting more and more prepped for the season while also trying to remain cautious due to COVID-19. Well, with COVID, we've definitely had to take a lot more precautions than we normally would. Just trying to really keep all these guys isolated and just trying to do everything we can to guarantee a season. That's what we work for in the off season to be able to play these ball games. And to be able to have the opportunity to do that, it's just, it's lifted these guys' spirits because there's so much uncertainty and to be able to go out and play. And again, I got a couple guys looking at scholarship offers, a chance to play college ball. So this is, this is a, you know, a make or break season for them. While the outlook for the season still has some uncertainty to it, the Panthers said they're excited to see the field. We're just trying to say positive, you know, all the coaching staff is just trying to, we're just trying to do everything and make as normal as we can, you know, just, we're getting ready to play and all that.  And you know, this season means everything to me, you know, I've worked my whole life for football and basketball really, but I'm ready to play senior season and I'm excited. Tug Valley opens their season on September 4th on the road against Sherman. For more information on this and other stories, visit mountandashtopsports.com or visit our Facebook and Twitter pages. With Mountaintop Sports, I'm Cody Davis.


Namaste and welcome to the mid-month energy report for November 2023. I'd like to apologize Being a few days late. I'm here in England and for the past three days or so probably longer Actually, it's been ever since I've been here You can tell by my voice. I've been I've been sick. So, you know that kind of chill to the bone Freezing where your teeth are chattering, you know. Yeah, that kind of sick and for me It's mostly seasonal allergies the same ones. I had in upstate New York with similar weather in the fall and winter But here we are in November and I'd like to wish those in the USA a happy Thanksgiving coming up You know, we can look at what really happened here in the US that led to Thanksgiving Being a national holiday and it's really sad from an American Indian perspective But like Christmas or what was previously known as Saturnalia Which was a week long of rape and caroling and debauchery honoring Saturn or an astrothiology Satan Thanksgiving can also be seen as a time for family and friends to get together and Enjoy one another's company, you know too often especially for conspiracy theorists like myself we fixate on the injustices instead of taking a step back and looking at the big picture and For this month and the next there's a huge emphasis on family and friends So tell your family and friends how much you love them and appreciate them People come and go in and out of our lives Don't miss that opportunity to express your love to your loved ones Okay Get off my soapbox Younger people are like what the hell's a soapbox Actually when I was a When I was a kid I gotta say it like that When I was a kid there used to be what was called the soapbox Derby do any of you remember that? And you know what it's still going on the 86th all-american soapbox Derby world championship will be held in Akron, Ohio from July 14th to July 20th 2024 and What you're looking at right now is some footage from the first soapbox Derby back in 1934 But I digress if you do a search for Antique soapboxes you might find something Like this and as you can see in the photo It would be easy to envision someone standing on it To better be seen and heard by an audience. Hey Greg. This is the mid-month energy report, right? Yeah And what are you doing with my soapbox? Something is going on right now and Ali and I have been witnessing it firsthand It seems that thoughts are manifesting quicker than ever. I've watched a video recently about three six nine scripting Where basically you express gratitude and tell the universe what you intend to manifest and feel as Though it's already happened you write down these Mantras three times in the morning Six times in the afternoon and nine times in the evening. It's the same mantra. You just write it three six nine throughout the day Much of this is based on Napoleon Hills Think and grow rich book and Bob Proctor's book. You were born rich Surrendering to the universe and using as much emotion as you can will help expedite Whatever you wish to manifest in one of Ali's classes. She told her students about what I'm doing with three six nine scripting and What are students tried it and the following day she received a pay raise and a letter of recognition Also shortly after I started doing three six nine scripting money was running a little short and Ali and I received a $100 donation for our anniversary dinner I'll be writing an article about this on in 5d and we'll definitely post it here on patreon If you're interested in learning more about three six nine scripting So yeah thoughts are manifesting quicker than ever so be careful Where you're placing your thoughts and energy as for me?


Just to let you know, we have two items on Medical Marijuana that are scheduled for 1045. I'm going to try to squeeze in item number 33 about community TV at this point. And then we'll take a short break and then hopefully be back fairly close to 1045 in order to start those two items. So the next item will be item 33 is to consider a report on community TV merger plans and budget. We have a letter of director of information services dated June 8th, 2013. We have a letter of the interim executive of the community television. And we have a contract between the city of Santa Cruz, the county of Santa Cruz and community television. And we have Mr. Bolling to give us a report on this. Morning board. No tie this morning. No. It was like just yesterday that I was standing here. Oh wait, it was. A couple things today. You have in the packet a one year contract with community TV, the county in the city. That's got a, it's a one year contract with a one year extension where it shows a 21% reduction on community TVs expenditures for next year. And if we go into the year two, it drops down to more to a 291,000. So we'd like to get that approved today. I was also asked earlier at the last meeting to come back with what a fully charged would be. If we spread the charges to all the government entities, that's in the board letter. There were two ways to do it. One was that we could take their base budget and then just divide, assume that there was no additional revenue for community TV. That one showed charges that I don't think anybody would go along with. The other one was Lynn Miller calculated out what the cost to provide those services are fully loaded with their overhead into it. And that's what we see down there. That's what they'll be working towards for the 2014, 2015 budget. I want to talk a little bit about the future. Susan's had us thinking outside the box a lot and she's done some really good discussions with us in this area. Everything we've been focusing on now is sustainability of community TV once they lose the local franchise revenue. We've had more discussions with Cabrio. We're going to continue outreach with Cabrio because we do think that there is some potentials there. If we look at what the future revenue offerings could be there for community TV, we of course have government access as one of them. The education outreach from that area is a second part. Susan's had us really looking into this idea of trying to do a public partner partnership and see if there is some productions where we could use some private firms doing productions and using some of the money that comes in from that to go to community TV for sustainability and offset some base costs for running that. We've also, with the new media server, which will be installed, everything's here. It'll be installed next month during the break and will be up and running by the end of July. That's going to give community TV a much more automated picture and will be able to upload public access directly from the producers from, you know, they can upload directly into the server. So they'll need fewer staff for that. Community TV is also going to be hiring a development person and they'll be looking for additional funding and revenue potentials. The newest thing that we've looked at is this idea of a public-private partnership. We opened a purchase order with Dunbar Productions and we have Romney Dunbar, who's here today, looking since he's in this market and, you know, is always looking for money and he has some good ideas. So what he's looking at is we have him looking at strategies for obtaining additional funding for community TV. Is there partnership possibilities with community groups, nonprofit groups, and government that we can take advantage of? He's also looking at is there a place where we can develop a plan for locally produced content that could be developed with sponsorships? And finally, he's going to develop a preliminary plan that would include pricing and program content areas. Dunbar Productions is going to partner with Community TV in the future for additional programming. That's just some brief comments. What we have on the board that we're asking you to do today is to accept this report, approve the budget from Community TV for next year, approve the one-year contract, and authorize the trust fund for expenditures. Today we have Lynn Miller, the interim executive director. Keith Gudger, they're president of Community TV. Kathy Bisbee from CMAP and Romney Dunbar here. And we're all available for any questions or comments you have. Thank you very much. Are there any questions to the boardhouse at this time? Yes, Rosalie. I was just wondering if you could just, I don't know whether Mr. Dunbar or you want to just describe a little bit more about what it is he's going to do. I think I understand it. It seems like an appendage of Community TV, but it's a little unusual, so I just wanted to. It is a little unusual. I think it would actually be good to have Romney come up and talk a little bit about the work that he's doing. Maybe as he makes his way to the podium, let me just say that there have been a number of community television organizations throughout the country that have failed as a result of these changes to the DIFCA environment. And we don't want that to happen here. We're very committed to trying to obtain a robust organizational structure that will allow us to go into the future with a good financial footing. And so the ordinary models where you do fundraising and when you do those kinds of outreach activities as a usual nonprofit in the community are all ones that we should employ and we will employ. But we also realize that we need to think a little bit more strategically. And so we use the models of public television around the country. All those stations that we know and love, KUSB and other radio stations as well, have also played a part in trying to develop a structure that would allow us to have sponsorships and underwriters of programming that would allow content to be delivered to the community that is of a local character and is supportive of the kinds of viewing that our community would like to see that ties in in some ways to some of the things we've been talking about in terms of economic development and tourism, a good place for tourists to go to watch what might be available in the community. And again, I think as Kevin has pointed out, Dunbar Productions has been doing this in the community on a commercial basis for a very long time. So we queried roundly about the possibilities of coming up with a strategy to use those skills and resources that he's developed in our own local economic market and try to figure out whether or not there might be a way to develop a kind of strategy that would allow a return on investment to community television, which would allow them to underwrite their costs for the future. And so that's the concept from this end, but I'm going to let the expert tell you a lot more. Thank you very much. Thank you. Good morning. Good morning. Hi. Just to pick up on that comment of sort of this appendage, that's a good term, Supervisor Leopold, what we have here is a broken model and a deadline and many channels have gone dark around the country that's very well known. There's a very good transition plan in place for community TV and the folks who are sitting behind me. The difference is that sort of speeds this up or gives me a role is this search for a rate card, if you will. There are day parts to use the TV parlance or there are hours of the day that are now available other than the things that are required, the meetings such as with these cameras right here. Some of these things, the service that these access channels have provided. There may be a good way to shape, if you think, sort of PBS local as a model, content that might be new or fresh to these channels that might speak to different parts of the community that can be subsidized, sold for lack of a better term, supported. So that we're in a sense making some of the hours of these channels more competitive. Maybe not so much for eyeballs of the viewer, but in a sense for serving the community in some different ways, talking about tourism or economic development. So that if the quality and the service of these channels is perceived to be improving, more people will open their pocketbooks to support it. There will also be some ways to get inexpensive content, if you will, free content that may also be sponsored because it's a way to showcase some of the great creativity that started to happen with the young people, say at Cabrillo or UCSC digital departments. So there's a real opportunity here. It's a big issue. There are a lot of moving parts to community TV and what it does and it has to move and all those things. But it's a great opportunity because video is only going to become more valuable. It's a greatly leveraged medium. The streaming capabilities that the county now has, these channels for awareness. So I think there's a new day dawning and it has to be a public, private, hybrid, I think, to be sustainable, if that makes sense. Yeah, well, I think that I'm all for trying to find new revenue streams because historically community TV hasn't been, hasn't generated the kind of fundraising that would say that that alone is going to support it. The concern, the balance really to be found is how do you avoid these community access channels becoming day long advertisements for something else? And I guess what I'm trying to figure out is the content that you're going to do that may be let's talk about the beautiful beaches that we have here. Did you know the history of what happened here at Cowles or that happened in the World Surfing Reserve or whatever that is? Does that get edited and sold to a commercial establishment and then that revenue comes back to community TV? It can. I'm just trying to think how, right, how the money, I don't think we're a short of content on community access TV, what we're short on is money. And trying to figure out how, what your role is going to be in terms of helping bring dollars to the community access, that's what I'm curious about. Right, it's sort of a market test experiment. So what we're trying to do now is to take a couple of projects that we have on our schedule and we're shopping them basically. We're shopping them for support. We're trying to find sort of where the rubber meets the road with those that could support programming, giving them higher visibility in the community. Give me some, what I'm trying to do is figure some example of how this would all work. You don't have to say exactly the project that we're working on, but for instance, we talked about, let's say the community foundation or nonprofits even if we're still looking that way. We, there could be a way to showcase, you know, real stories in the community about what they do, how they are serving, why they're so valuable. And, you know, you could get a very good return on the production, quality of community TV, the streaming process that can be shared by that organization. And then that money can be wholesale in a sense. It can be well produced and the money that comes in, a large share goes to community TV. So you're starting to generate new money. Something about community foundation, just say as an example. Sure. You get then, then to underwrite the production of this piece. And it could be a piece or it could be a series. You could start to develop this idea that what you want is a future. So it's going to be an ongoing concern. So you could have something called foundations of the community, right? And every week or twice a month or something like that would be this focus on something that would be interesting. And you could, you know, shell it out a little bit more and you could get a little deeper about it. And that would be something that would be valuable. It could be reused several, it could air several times a year and all that jazz. So that would be one way to do it. So that there would be a long-term relationship and funding relationship with someone like the community foundation. They would suddenly have a new venue in a sense in their mind that they might not have seen community TV as being the source of. But that would, that would be one example. Yeah, I just, I don't want community TV to turn into the hotel channel. Right. That's, I mean, there's a, there may be a place for that. But, you know, there's, I'd like to, for us to create some kind of model where we're highlighting what's great about Santa Cruz, but not. It literally can't be advertising. So this is something we're wrestling with in the couple of weeks I've been thinking about this. What does content have to be like to be in this venue? And it has to be underwritten, but it really can't be a direct sales pitch or profile of a business. Yeah, I know you're a local guy and that, I totally appreciate that. And so I think you bring that local perspective. So there's probably not someone who's better suited for investigating this. And it's, you know, the devil will be in the details about how it goes. But, you know, I think we do need to look creatively at how we plan for the future and can afford to keep this service going. So thank you. Sure. Is there any other questions from the board? I'd just like to thank your, your involvement in this too, because you have a great reputation while deserved. And I think this could help us along. We can't go on, you know, doing the same thing over again. It's not going to work. It hasn't worked out elsewhere. So I'm really glad that you're involved and we're taking a new look at how we can provide. There's great potential here, but it is very early. So I apologize for that. I'm really wrapping my head around it. But there's, you know, phenomenal potential here in what can be done. So thank you. I look forward to it. Thank you. Is anybody from the audience that would like to speak to us on this item? Thank you, Supervisor Leopold, for your statement. I don't think that we're short on content. We're short on money. And I'm worried when there's a public-private partnership that who determines the content and that the content gets more commercial. And I don't want to see that. I want to keep public community TV public with the programs that it has, Democracy Now is one of my favorite ones. That's broadcast. So, and I think of that bumper sticker will be a great day when the schools have all the money they need and the Air Force has to have a bake sale to buy a bomber. Maybe you could write to the military and say, could we just have the money for our community, for one of these weapons, and we could do so much to benefit the well-being of our community. Thank you. So anyone else who would like to address us on this item? So, again, we have a recommendation on page 340. Do you have any action? Thank you. So, anyone else who would like to address us on this item? So, again, we have a recommendation on page 340. Do you have any action? I'll move the recommendation. Do you have a motion? Second. Second by Suarez-Aliapole. All in favor, please say aye. Aye. Opposed? Passes unanimously. We're going to take a 10-minute break and return at 11 o'clock for items number 35 and 36, the medical marijuana items at this point. So we'll be back at 11 o'clock. Yeah, that's pretty good. Thank you.


What's up guys evil D here, and I'm back for some more Esperanto slash world of Warcraft lessons now before I jump straight into today's lesson I just want to I just want to put out do something that I found quite funny today Like it literally happened probably about an hour ago before I started before I decided to do this lesson Someone out there one of you guys one of you guys have made a page Called more your surreal now for those of you don't know what the more your surreal thing is It's like a V blog that I did a while back about you know How I lied about the fact that I'm from this country called more your surreal for a non-esperanus and It got into a fair bit of interest from you guys a couple of years laughed about it and Finally enough someone went made a page for more your surreal So I've gotten like the page with my evil dear account I would love it if you guys can go and like it I'm gonna leave a link down in the description because I think it's freaking just hilarious. Okay, and also Let's let's hashtag this a hashtag more your surreal. Let's see who else is in on this actual joke and now I'm being Wounded by all these people at the moment, but that's okay. I'm all cool with that I meant to go over here. Oh, there's a cave here. Okay, cool. So let's get into today's lesson Shall we so first up? Let's begin with a little revision. Shall we so what was the word for the number nine? it was Now now, sorry, that was probably a bit too one of you guys actually told me to slow you down on you know the Interruptions there, but yeah, sorry about that. So what was the way to say? I have a An all-street French for instance Me have us through ton. Oh, you can say strut on me have us really depends on you. What way? You're leaning. What were you inclined? Okay, so what was the word for hand? It was mano and what was the word for head? it was couple and What about the word for pants? It was pantalono and What about the word for rhinoceros? it is not sad and This one I taught you a while back, but what was the word for but? said and What was the word for now?  It's called k a j The j you remember in Esperanto has a Y sound to it. So just remember that. So how would you say? For instance the turkey and the crocodile Not the turkey that okay, sorry. Um the the ostrich in the crocodile Last root oh Kai la Crocodile Last root oh Kai la Crocodile and if you got turkey Write it in the comments down below. Let's see how many you guys are actually way ahead of these lessons Okay, next how would you say? The lake and the river La lago Kai la di verdo La lago Kai la di verdo Okay, and how would you say the mob and me? La estula Kai me now. I'm just gonna teach you something about that mob I've been telling you that mob like the generic term for these is estula I don't know if I pointed this out in a previous lesson, but remember estula is a mob that has human characteristics about it It's like a person-based characteristics If you want to say like a mob like a pig type of mob or something like that you would use Estar joe So just remember that one. I'm not sure if I've played that in a previous lesson, but someone somewhere asked me about it So I just thought I'd mention that Okay, so we're gonna learn the word for or now and the word for or is all and it's got that you with the Minio on top of it, which is the W sound so Just yeah, just remember that one. So that's all So how would you say? For instance the lake or the river La lago La lago River sorry That kind of gets me every time that one. That's kind of like the rolling R with the L sound Okay, now I've taught you the word for where so how do you say where is the mob? So I'm gonna tell you how to say there the word for there as in physically location wise is T yeah, and it's filled T. IE. It's very similar to here so just Just I'm gonna like practice those two with you now just to see which ones not which ones But just to make sure you guys can hear the difference So I'm gonna say each one and you're gonna say back at me what you think it is. So here where T here there Here Where I'm gonna pick up speed now T There Where where where T here there here where T here where sorry, I got a little bit crazy in there So, how would you say the mob is there? La estulo estas T here. La estulo estas T here. Now. I taught you previously how to say This and that so that was Tio and this is Tio Chi or Chi Tio Chi Tio It's the same concept with there and here So there is T here and here is Chi T here or T here Chi. So how would you say the mob is here? La estulo estas Chi here or La estulo estas T here Chi. Now these guys here They've got human characteristics However, you could also use estajor for these ones if you wanted to because they're also more animal like it's it's really up to you on That one, I guess if the safe bet is if you don't know I'd probably just go with Estajor in that sense just if you're not a hundred percent like sure on it But then no one's gonna hold you like accountable for it You're not gonna go before the the lingva, you know Academy on they're gonna judge you on a type of thing. So don't worry about that Okay, so how would you say where is the mob? It is Or And how would you say the mob is here? La estulo estas Chi T here or La estulo estas T here Chi So I'm gonna teach you how to say with now So, how would you say or actually why am I doing that? The word for with is and the way to say For instance Oh, what is that? I'm just gonna check out that weapon. Sorry one sec and no, I don't want to wear that That's not based for me. So to say I'm with the mob.  Let me think of something I'm trying to look for something around here to say god. I used to be Okay, how would you say the mob is with the crocodile for instance? You can use whatever mob you want La estulo estas can la crocodile or la estajo estas can the crocodile I remember Arjo, which I've been putting at the end of this thing You probably remember that from like fish Arjo, which is like something made out of fish Okay, so we're gonna practice some colors now. Now obviously the predominant color around here is brown. So The word for brown is Bruna Bruna So bruna, so how would you say the mountain is brown based on what you've learned so far? La monto estas Bruna La monto estas Bruna and how would you say the mob is brown? La estulo estas Bruna la estulo estas Bruna or you could say La estajo estas Bruna I'm just gonna kill this guy here and then soon as I've taken this guy out We're just gonna cut it until I get to the next area because I don't want you guys to see cave the whole time and die Okay, we're back outside. So what was the word for grass again? It was herdable herdable and I'm gonna teach you the word for green now So the word for green is verda duck verda duck So what was the word for brown? It was Bruna Bruna and how would you say the grass is green? La herdable estas verda La herdable estas verda And I'm gonna teach you the word for blue now and the word for blue is bluer That's a pretty one easy one to remember bluer So do you remember how to say sky? It was Chello, so how would you say the sky is blue? La chiello estas bluer and how would you say the mob is brown? La estulo estas Bruna And how would you say the wolf is brown? La lupo estas Bruna La lupo estas Bruna and how do you say the sky is blue? La chiello estas bluer and Don't you aggro him as well? I'm just gonna run from these guys. They just continually aggroing Okay, so we've learned blue. That's bluer. We've learned brown and we've learned Green verda. Now this grass isn't exactly green, but it's good enough for us. Okay, so how would you say? The bush like this bush here is green La arbusto estas verda and how would you say the river is blue? La di vero estas bluer and how would you say the crocodile is green? La crocadillo estas verda Okay, I'm gonna teach you the word for white now. The word for white is blanca Blanca So I'm trying to look for something that's more whitish around here. What do we got?  So the word for house is donmo Donmo and you can think of like when I first learned Esperanto I thought it was like domestic and that kind of helped me remember that word So just donmo. Oh, I've got some new legs. What's the word for pants? It is pantolono and how do you say I have pants Mi havas pantolono Mi havas pantolono. What the are you telling me I've done everything in this area What's going on here? I've kind of left that area. Okay. Let's just randomly walk over this way So what was the word for white again? It is blanca now. I know this bridge isn't white. It's more like reddish brown, but let's just say How would you say the bridge is white? La ponto estas blanca La ponto estas blanca and how do you say the lake is blue? La lago estas bluer And how would you say the crocodile and The lake is blue La crocodillo cala lago estas blue eye. Did you hear what I did then? I changed bluer from the singular to blue eye, which is plural The reason being is because bluer is not applying to just the lake or just the crocodile of both things So the adjective becomes plural now I have no idea where I'm walking at the moment, but yeah, so how would you say the crocodile and the lake is blue? La crocodillo cala lago estas blue eye And how would you say the lake in the sky is blue? La lago cala cielo estas blue eye And how would you say this the snake is white? La soda pento estas blanca Okay, so we're just gonna do a little bit of revision of what we've learned today because we've basically Reached the end of our lesson. So what was the word for and? It was Kai And what was the word for or? It was al and what about grass? It was Loot this guy now we've reached level 12 I reckon maybe within one more lesson maybe two lessons We will finally be able to go do some dungeons with other real players We're just gonna spice things up so much. We're almost there I might even just go and grind for one entire level or two levels just so that we can Get to that quicker for you guys anyway I've reached the end of this lesson if you've liked it give it a like Share it with your friends and if you haven't subscribed already Subscribe and tell me if you'd like these lessons and I'll keep making them for that at the moment You guys seem to be loving them So I'm just gonna keep on making them and I'll see you in the next video and if you're not there Well, guess what they're gonna find in the belly of the next crocodile