Mae'r cwmhysgwlio'r cwmhysgwlio'r next item of business yng nghyd-gwysig i'r prydau y Maes Gwyrdd yng nghymru. Cyfnodd y cwmhysgwlio yng Nghymru, Douglas Ross. Cyfnodd y cwmhysgwlio, byddai'n gyfrifio'r cwmhysgwlio yn gwyntafodol Henry Woogha a'n hyfforddiol ein 100th birthdwy i'r cyfrifio. Felly, mae'n gweld i'n ffraeg i gyrhau y gweithredu iawn i hefyd, o ganfodol y cwmni yn ymwneud hyn yn y brydol, i ddweud yn y lleolol. Rydyn ni'n gŵr i'r ffrindiau ac rydyn ni'n ddweud i'ch gweithio'r ffordd y cyffredinion o'r mae'r gweithio'r cyffredinion. Felly yn 1939, Nuremberg, wedi Gwasgol, ac yn gyfryd yng Nghymrungas Gwyrddol, i gydag o'r ffordd o'r cyffredinion a'r ffordd i'r lleolol i'r Ysgolffind, i'r cyfrif yma i ddechrau unrhyw helychol yn gweithio. Scotland will miss his charm, his integrity and resolution but we will never forget his testimony and I believe that we can all commit to ensuring that his legacy will endure. Now reunited with his beloved ingrate, may his memory be a blessing. Presiding Officer, can I remind the chamber that my wife is a serving officer with Police Scotland? The Hate Crime Act comes into effect from 1 April. We voted against this law and still oppose it as a serious risk to free speech, but in just 11 days' time, the police will have to enforce it. David Kennedy, the general secretary of the Scottish Police Federation, has said this about training. We are only receiving a two-hour online training package. First Minister, is that really enough for a complex and controversial piece of legislation? First and foremost, I join Douglas Ross in paying tribute to Henry Wuga, a greatly respected Holocaust survivor who we know passed away at the age of 100 earlier this week. It is hard to think that only a few weeks ago we stood up to wish him well on his 100th birthday and now we are standing up once again to mourn his passing because Henry was a truly remarkable man who made an enormous contribution to Scottish society, but his impact, his influence, his legacy goes far beyond Scotland as he campaigned against antisemitism and reminded us to never forget the horrors of the Holocaust. My thoughts are very much.  I also take with your indulgence a moment to congratulate Vaughan Gething on his appointment as First Minister of Wales. His appointment as the first black leader of a Government in the UK is a truly monumental moment, and I look forward to working with him. Vaughan Gething's predecessor, Mark Drakeford, was a principled First Minister, a model public servant, and, importantly, a very fierce defender of devolution. I think that the whole chamber wants to join me in wishing him well. First of all, when it comes to the hate crime act, there has been a lot of disinformation that has been spread on social media, in some inaccurate media reporting and, indeed, by our political opponents. I am hoping that, in exchange, we can shed more light than heat on what is actually in the act, as opposed to what is being said about it. On training for police, I leave it as an operational decision and a matter for the chief constable to determine what training is absolutely appropriate. Of course, Police Scotland put out a statement just this week to challenge, in its words, the inaccurate media reporting that exists around the Hate Crime Act. I have absolute confidence in Police Scotland to ensure that the appropriate training is in place. Let me remind Douglas Ross that stirring up offences is not new in Scotland.  In fact, all of us are protected by that provision of stirring up hatred. The question is whether I have protection against somebody stirring up hatred because of my race, and that has been the case since 1986. Why in earth should those protections not exist for somebody because of their sexuality or disability or their religion? The facts are that, for a new stirring up offence to be committed, we know that there is a very high threshold—in fact, an even higher threshold—than the barrier that there is or the threshold that there is for a racial stirring up offence. I would say to Douglas Ross that it is incredibly important. In the memory of people like Kenny Wuga, where he started his contribution, we all unite in standing up and opposing hatred in all of its forms. A strong legislative framework to protect people is incredibly important. I would urge the Conservatives—I would urge Douglas Ross—that it would be far better for him, I think, to put more effort into tackling hatred as opposed to opposing a hate crime act. Can I echo the First Minister's comments and wish for him to get as well as the new First Minister of Wales? We oppose the legislation at the time and still oppose it now because of the impact that it has on free speech for people across this country. I am only reiterating the points that were made by the Scottish Police Federation, the representative body of our officers across Scotland. They say that their officers can barely deal with existing crimes, let alone this new law. They described the hate crime act as, I quote, a recipe for disaster. Humza Yousaf has reduced officer numbers to the lowest level since Police Scotland was formed. Now officers are being told not to investigate actual crimes, but instead they will have to look for the hate monster or police free speech. Criminals will be let off while innocent people are prosecuted. Is not Humza Yousaf setting the police up for failure and undermining public trust in policing? The First Minister with that contribution is Douglas Ross, who is undermining the fight against hatred here in Scotland. He is undermining it completely, utterly and entirely through so much disinformation. I do not even know where to begin. Let us take point by point of what Douglas Ross has said. First and foremost, he makes an incorrect claim around police officer numbers under the SNP Government. Of course, under the SNP Government, numbers of police officers have increased and will continue to increase, given what we have heard recently from the chief constable and backed by a record budget from this Scottish Government. Of course, there are more police officers per head in Scotland than in England, where his party is of course in charge. Let us take the points that Douglas Ross raises around the act itself, freedom of expression. I remember, because I was the justice secretary who took forward this bill, making sure that I engaged with Opposition members around the issue of freedom of expression. There is a triple lock of freedom of expression in the act. There is protection of freedom of expression that is explicitly embedded in the act. There is also a defence available of a person's behaviour being reasonable, which safeguards people's rights. Thirdly, the act itself is compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights, including article 10, which includes and protects everybody's right to freedom. Stirring up offences are so pervasive, damaging and dangerous in our society. Let me take Douglas Ross back to what Lord Bracadale said. He was the one who reported on his independent review of hate crime, which led to the development of legislation. He said that, quote, the stirring up of hatred can contribute to a social atmosphere in which prejudice and discrimination are accepted as normal. In any society, the freedom to criticise, the freedom to insult, the freedom to offend exists and should be treasured, in fact. But there cannot be freedom to engage in behaviour that is threatening or abusive and intended to start up hatred. Everybody in the chamber, we engage, we talk often about our commitment to tackle hatred. Those who experience hatred tell me that they do not just want one word from the politicians, they want action, and that is exactly what this hate crime act intends to do. Douglas Ross said that people want action that is enforceable, and the Scottish Police Federation is saying that it has serious concerns. Its officers are receiving a two-hour online training module for the legislation. The First Minister keeps trying to say that are my comments or not. I originally was quoting the Scottish Police Federation, let me now quote legal experts, like Roddy Dunlop, the dean of the... Please continue, Mr Ross. I think that it is only right that we say that ministers in the Scottish Government do not think that we should be hearing from the faculty of advocates. Please continue, Mr Ross. Let us hear, Mr Ross. I can say that it was Mary Todd who was the minister that said that. Mr Ross can ask you to continue with your question. Members, can we please ensure that we can hear Mr Ross? So legal experts, including Roddy Dunlop, the dean of the faculty of advocates, said that there is a danger of the police being swamped by completely malicious complaints. Not my views, but the dean of the faculty of advocates. Days before this law comes into force, it is unclear how those complaints would be dealt with by the police. People like J.K. Rowland could have the police at her door every day for making perfectly reasonable statements. That could lead to huge numbers of the public being monitored or even criminalised by the police when they have done nothing wrong. Isn't Humza Yousaf putting front-line officers in an impossible position by forcing them to police free speech? First Minister. We know that it is often police officers who are unfortunately the victims of hatred themselves. They are often the ones who are facing hatred when it comes to the course of their duties. Douglas Ross says that he has no idea how a stirring-up offence could possibly be enforceable. I am making the point that a stirring-up offence in relation to racial hatred has existed since 1986 with virtually zero controversy whatsoever, so I have absolute faith in Police Scotland's ability to police and enforce this act in a way that is appropriate. In terms of the points that Roddy Dunlop, of course I respect greatly. The points that I would say in respect to Roddy Dunlop is that police, again, are very well tuned, adept and have ability to deal with vixacious complaints right across the legal framework with which they operate. I cannot tell you whether they will be vixacious complaints or not. That will, of course, depend on people's actions, but what I can say is that the liability for criminal threshold is incredibly high. If you do not want to take my word for it, let us look at another legal expert, Professor Adam Tomkins, I think, known to Douglas Ross, formerly a Conservative MSP, somebody that I worked with in relation to the hate crime bill. He writes in today's Herald. He is, of course, Professor of Public Law, and I will quote from him directly, Offensive speech is not criminalised by this legislation. The only speech relating to sexual orientation, transgender identity, age or disability outlawed here is speech in which one, a reasonable person, would consider to be threatening or abusive, three which was intended to stir up hatred, and four was not reasonable in any circumstances. He goes on to say, just because you feel offended by what someone does, does not make it a hate crime. And then goes on to say, under the Hate Crime Act, the threshold of criminal liability is not a victim that feels offended, ie a subjective test, but that a reasonable person would consider the perpetrator's actions or speech to be threatening or abusive. So, Presiding Officer, let us stick to the facts. And the facts are this, that we are all purport to be concerned about the rises in hate crime that we have seen in our society over the years. But there are only some parties in this chamber that I believe are willing to take the action that is necessary to tackle it. It was, of course, an act and a bill at that point that was debated thoroughly in this chamber. It is unfortunate that the only party that opposed it, of course, was the Conservatives, Presiding Officer. Dr Shoss. In a democracy, we have scrutiny. We have opposition parties to look at the legislation coming forward. And there have been and continue to be serious reservations about this act that was passed and now how it will be implemented. Let's remember, Humza Yousaf introduced this unworkable and dangerous law when he was Justice Secretary. Now he's bringing it into force as First Minister with little training and not enough support for the officers who will have to enforce it. Let's have a quote from a professor of law at Glasgow University, First Minister, it just quoted. Alasdair Bonnington said this. Overreach by the SNP into people's homes. It could result in the public being criminalised for no good reason. It is set to be a shambles from day one in just 11 days time. So, will Humza Yousaf finally accept that he has created another bad SNP law that will quickly descend into chaos? What's dangerous, isn't the law? What's dangerous is hate crime in our society. You see, we did debate this act when it was, of course, a bill going through this Parliament extensively. Many years ago, robust debate. Actually, I thought that debate is sometimes and often the best traditions of this Parliament. There was compromises. There was amendments that were accepted by the Government. We came out of that process with a good piece of legislation that fundamentally protected people's freedom of expression, freedom of speech, but also safeguarded people's right not to have hatred stirred up against them. Of course, there was only one party that opposed that bill, Douglas Ross and the Conservative Party. Maybe it's hardly a surprise, given that the Conservative Party, far from working hard to tackle hatred, there is a party that has actively created the conditions for hatred and division to thrive in our society. The Conservative Party are the party of go-home vans, the party of the hostile environment, the party of Windrush, the party whose leader Boris Johnson called Muslim women and the party that indulges in Islamophobic smears from Srella Braverman to Lee Anderson. So, instead of fighting against this bill— Briefly, in First Minister. —Windrush, the Conservative Party has its own house in order. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Can I join others in, first of all, paying tribute to Henry Wuga, a Holocaust survivor who very powerfully shared his own story, the stories of others, and always campaigned against anti-Semitism. We send our best wishes to his friends, family and the wider Jewish community. We owe it to Henry and his entire generation to make sure that we share their stories and always strive for both peace and strive for a world free of prejudice and hate. Can I also join the First Minister and congratulate him on getting on his election—another historic first, the first-ever black leader of a nation in Europe—as the First Minister of Wales and send our best wishes to his predecessor, Mark Drakeford? This morning, a damning report by the Royal College of Pediatric and Child Health has warned of the catastrophic consequences of this Government's failure. In pediatrics alone, over 10,000 children are waiting for the medical care that they need. 50 per cent of them have been waiting for more than the legal 12 weeks. So how does the First Minister respond to one of the leading paediatric consultants in the country, Dr Mary Stark, who said, if you miss the right window to treat a child or wait too long, the consequences can be irreversible and that this is a clear failure to prioritise the health and wellbeing of our children? First Minister, first and foremost, I would take the report from the Royal College extremely seriously indeed. Of course, we will examine and are examining that report in detail. As ever, it is important for me to provide some context of why we are seeing such high numbers of young people, young children waiting. The undeniable reason for that significant increase is undoubtedly the global pandemic, hence why we have seen those significant increases in paediatric waits right across the UK and England, and in Wales and, of course, here in Scotland too. Annas Alwar is right, of course, and the Royal College is right to raise the concerns around this issue, so let me try to give some assurances that we are focusing on tackling those far too long waits in paediatrics just by way of some examples. We know that there is two main paediatric specialities, paediatrics and paediatric surgery. If I take the data from April 23 to the end of the calendar year, December 23, the paediatric new outpatient list reduced by 21 per cent, waits over 52 weeks reduced by 12 per cent and waits over 78 weeks, reduced by 31 per cent and waits over two years were completely eradicated. If I take the position over the two years, December 21 to December 2023 and look at paediatric surgery, the new outpatient list for paediatric surgery reduced by 35 per cent, waits of over 52 per cent, reduced by 84 per cent, over 78 weeks reduced by 95 per cent. The purpose of reiterating those statistics and we know that, of course, behind those statistics is a young child who is waiting and waiting too long for surgery is to show that there are improvements we are moving in the right direction. What makes the recovery of the NHS far more difficult is the fact that, of course, we are receiving cuts from the Conservatives on our budget, £500 million over two years, £1.3 billion in terms of our capital. We are, of course, investing in our NHS despite those cuts. It would be helpful to know from Anna Sawa that, if there is an incoming Labour Government, it would immediately reverse those Conservative cuts because it impedes our ability in order to invest in the NHS's recovery, which, of course, is much needed for our children, our young people as well as our adults too. Anna Sawa Thank you, Presiding Officer. The First Minister knows that this problem predates the pandemic, that the report makes clear 11 years of decline every day of which there has been an SNP Government, and he also knows that Labour is going to invest more in the national health service, and we do want to bring down waiting lists, but he has to take responsibility for his Government's actions, not look to blame somebody else all the time. The crisis in children's health goes further than even this report warns. Across our NHS, whether in CAMHS services or in other specialisms, children face unacceptable weights that have left them distressed and in pain.  Cody has been repeatedly diagnosed with tonsillitis, and his enlarged tonsils obstruct over 75 per cent of his airway, making it difficult to eat, drink and even breathe. She has told me that she has to lie awake next to him during the night because his breathing stops and she has to nudge him to restart his breathing again. She has had to fight to get Cody referred to a specialist, but it has been told that an urgent referral for treatment will take three years. Amy has had to make the difficult decision to go private, borrowing almost £5,000 from her family. Why is he and his Government feeling Amy, Cody and so many families like theirs? I am more than happy to look at the case that is referenced by Anna Sauer on Cody's case. Indeed, any other case that a member raises, we are happy to explore the health board in terms of what more can be done. It sounds like a horrifically long wait that we do not want any parent to have to endure. The point that I make to Anna Sauer is that progress has been made, given her range of details on how progress has been made in relation to paediatric surgery, which is relevant to his question. We are also making sure that we are investing in the workforce. Paediatric specialty consultants have increased their numbers by 15 per cent in the last five years by 64 per cent in the last 10 years. When we look at qualified paediatric nurses, the workforce has increased by 11 per cent in the last five years. Since 2014, we have also invested in the recruitment of an additional 500 health visitors and 200 extra school nurses again, which undoubtedly helped with young people and children's health and wellbeing. I do not take lightly at all the issues that Anna Sauer raises about the long waits that parents and children are having to suffer. In Anna Sauer's initial response, he did not answer the question that I asked, which was that an incoming Labour Government, potentially incoming Labour Government, immediately reversed the £1.3 billion cut, which is making an impact in terms of our healthcare provision. If he could give that combination, we might be able to plan further ahead in terms of the further investment that we are able to make, because it is only through record investment in the NHS are we going to be able to recover our national health services for children and young people? I want to ask questions about a party in opposition rather than talking about their own record and failing children across the country. It just shows how out of depth the First Minister is. All those lists and excuses mean nothing to Amy, mean nothing to Cody and mean nothing to the thousands of families that his Government is failing every single day. Because he simply does not get it. In every area of responsibility for this SNP Government, children are being failed with catastrophic consequences. After 17 years of this SNP Government, 240,000 children are living in poverty, over 10,000 children waiting for pediatric medical care, over 9,500 children turned away from mental health services last year. I suggest that the Deputy First Minister listen to the consequences for her constituents rather than trying to heckle what is happening to children across this country. For those who were referred, over 5,500 children are waiting to get mental health support. Nearly a third of pupils in Scotland are persistently absent from school in some areas as high as 50 per cent. Almost 40 per cent of pupils now need additional support. At the same time, this SNP Government has cut 400 ASN posts in the last decade. Is it not clear that Humza Yousaf and every single member of this SNP Government are failing Scotland's children? I do not agree with that. I thought that it was a pretty reasonable question, which obviously Anna Sauer is unable to answer. He will want to be honest with people about the answer. He was unable to answer a very simple question that, if there is an incoming Labour Government, will they immediately reverse the Tory cut to Scotland's budget? The fact that he was unable to answer the question demonstrates that he either does not know the answer, or he is not being honest with the people of Scotland. What I would say to Anna Sauer is that it is fundamentally important in all the areas of public service that we invest in. That is why this Government took the decision to make sure that we prioritise our public services. That is why we gave an increase to the national health service. We made sure that there was an increase to education services. We made sure that there was an increase to social security. All of those issues are incredibly important for our children and young people. That is why estimates show that 100,000 children in Scotland will be lifted out of poverty because of our actions. That is why more young people in this country are going to university from areas of higher deprivation because of our investment. That is why more young people—we have record young people going into positive destinations because of our investment in education, earlier learning and childcare, Presiding Officer. That is why, of course, it is imperative, throughout all those challenges, that Governments and political parties make a decision. Do they invest in public services? Thank you, First Minister. We must move on to the next question. First Minister, I have asked that you conclude your question. I am now moving on to the next question that you conclude your response. Question 3, Alex Cole-Hamilton. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. I associate the Scottish Liberal Democrats with the remarks that were already made about the passing of Henry Wuga and, indeed, the election of Vongethig. To ask the First Minister when the Cabinet will next meet. Yesterday, the Committee on Climate Change delivered a devastating verdict about the record of the Scottish Government. The key 2030 emissions target just won't be met. The Government is, of course, by a country mile on heat pumps, electric vehicles, recycling and more. Its chair, Chris Stark, said that yesterday, the strategy is just not there. Take tree planting. It says that Scotland needs to do twice as much, but the Government has just reduced spending on that by nearly half. It is going to put people out of work and tree nurseries have already signalled that they will have to torch hundreds of thousands of saplings because of the cuts. To think that the environment sector once boasted that global leaders were looking to her Government for advice while her phone is silent now. Where are the Green Party in all of this? Fewer bus and train services going nowhere on renewable heating, a botched deposit return scheme?  First of all, we take the report from the Climate Change Committee extremely seriously. Chris Stark is well respected and, of course, his opinions are being given the due and weighty consideration that he deserves. It is a serious point that he raises around the 2030 target. Of course, at the time when that target was being debated, the climate change committee made it clear that it would be extremely difficult, if not frankly impossible, or that that target was stretching credibility at that time. Nonetheless, we, as a Parliament, came together—all political parties—to embed that target within the legislation. In terms of tree planting, I remind Alex Cole-Hamilton that around 75 per cent of all new woodland throughout the UK is here in Scotland. Not only that, we launched, of course, the world's largest floating offshore wind leasing round through Scotland. We ensured, of course, that Scotland has the most concessionary travel scheme in the UK, with more than a third of the population benefiting from free bus travel. We invested £65 million in installation of more than 2,700 public EV charges. We continue to offer the most generous package of grants and loans in the UK to support the move to clean heating. What I would say to Alex Cole-Hamilton is that what makes this job of ours more difficult in trying to reach our targets—we are committed to that overall 2045 target—is that every time that we bring forward measures, be it the deposit return scheme, low-emission zones, workplace parking levy, proposed— Briefly, First Minister. Or, indeed, our standards around heating and reducing emissions. What makes that job far more difficult, Presiding Officer, is that the opposition opposes every single measure that we bring to this chamber to tackle the climate crisis. To ask the First Minister what analysis of passenger behaviour and numbers has been carried out since the inception of the removal of peak rail fares pilot? The trial is an exciting and unique opportunity to encourage more people to leave their cars at home, choose a safe, reliable and green form of public transport. I can confirm that an interim analysis is due to be published shortly, examines the impact on rail travel patterns and other modes. The Scottish Government will carefully consider the impact and, of course, the long-term sustainability of any further measures before we confirm what our next steps are. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I thank the First Minister for that answer. The removal of peak fares has been greatly welcomed by my Aberdeen central constituents and by tens of thousands of other people across Scotland. In my opinion, it has been beneficial to many during these tough times caused by the cost of living crisis. Can the First Minister give an indication on whether the removal of peak fares will become permanent? I am pleased to hear about the positive impact that this particular policy is having on Mr Stewart's constituents. I have heard similar stories from my constituents and constituents of other MSPs across the country, particularly during the cost of living crisis, but the purpose of the ScotRail peak fares is twofold to find out whether such measures will help to move people from car to rail use, but also to help passengers facing the cost of living crisis. We know that price and simplicity are crucial for people when it comes to choosing how to travel. The pilot that we know, as has already been said, operates until the end of June. As such, it would be, of course, inappropriate to confirm whether, of course, the abolition of peak fares will become permanent. I heard of a final evaluation, so it will be important to review the data as an entire purpose, of course, of the pilot, to see whether we are seeing that modal shift and to examine the data around how much this is helping people during a cost of living crisis. Of course, when that evaluation has been appropriately analysed, we will, of course, inform Parliament of the next stages and steps in relation to this particular policy. There is no doubt that if we are to get any place near reaching our net zero targets, we will have to do much better when it comes to reducing emissions and transport. Will the First Minister commit to coming back to this chamber in enough time so that we will be able to hopefully make the pilot permanent? What, in effect, is the case is that people are being priced off public transport, and if we want to tackle that and we want to get more people to use public transport, it is exactly this type of step that I welcome that we need to now make permanent. First Minister. I can say to Alex Rowley that, of course, we will evaluate the data and we will bring forward an analysis of that data. It is important that we do not pre-up that data. We need to see whether the data has shown us, has demonstrated that modal shift that Alex Rowley rightly talks about, so let us not pre-up that data, let us examine that data, let us analyse the evidence and then let other MSPs do the same with the analysis of that data. I agree with the thrust of his question that it is important to invest in our public transport, so I am very pleased that this Government invested in leaving with railway something that, of course, Alex Rowley, I am sure would welcome. It is why we have an extremely generous concessionary travel scheme. I would say, though gently to Alex Rowley, that is why I make the point that it is extremely frustrating for this Government when we bring forward various policies to encourage that modal shift to help to reduce our carbon emissions. They are often opposed by the Opposition. We have brought forward the workplace parking levy, for example. It was called by his colleague, who is sitting just a couple of rows behind him, Colin Smyth. He described it as highway robbery. He called it a car park tax, so it is really unfortunate, Presiding Officer, that when we bring forward those measures, Opposition parties oppose it simply for the sake of opposing it. Presiding Officer, to ask the First Minister whether the Scottish Government will engage with NHS Scotland on ending the prescription of puberty-suppressing hormones to children following the recent announcement by NHS England. Presiding Officer, we are aware of the new clinical policy that was issued by NHS England last week on the routine prescription of puberty-suppressing hormones for children and young people as a treatment option for gender dysphoria. The details of that are being closely considered by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and its relevant clinical team, obviously, as the provider of young people's gender services at Sandyford. Any decision on how such healthcare is delivered in Scotland will rightly be made by health boards, but, most importantly, the clinicians involved. It should be noted that NHS England's announcement follows our interim policy position last year. Recommending puberty blockers are only accessed via a research programme that is establishing. The Scottish Government and NHS Scotland remain observers to that particular study, and we are considering what further engagement may be appropriate. I asked the First Minister about the prescription of puberty blockers to children in May last year. The First Minister said, and I quote, I support such decisions being made by clinicians, by the people who have clinical knowledge. We should trust those who have clinical expertise, as opposed to standing here in the chamber making judgments about what is best for young people who need gender identity services. However, the truth of the matter is that we do not know if puberty blockers have long-term life-changing consequences on young people who take them. That is why NHS England is conducting a review. Therefore, will the First Minister publish all evidence that his Government has that puberty blockers are safe for children? If his Government does not have any evidence, why is he allowing NHS health boards to prescribe them? Meghan Gallacher read out my response to her last time round. My position has not changed one bit. I still believe that it is the point that clinical experts in Scotland should be the ones who determine whether or not puberty blockers are prescribed or not. I think that that is a sensible position, as opposed to politicians demanding what clinical treatment should be for the clinical experts. On the study that is taking place, I referenced in my response to Meghan Gallacher's first question that we are engaging with the study that is taking place. The Scottish Government and NHS Scotland are well engaged with NHS England on its planned study into the use of puberty blockers in young people's gender identity healthcare. We are observers to that study and that remains a work in progress. We are considering what future engagement in that research may well be possible. I go back to the point that I have made already to Meghan Gallacher. Of course, it is for clinicians to make those judgments. I think that it is right that we trust our clinical clinicians and their expert decision making. In terms of the studies that are taking place in England, I am more than happy to confirm that we are observers. We are keeping close to NHS England and we will continue to do so as that study develops. Question 6, Pauline McNeill. To ask the First Minister what resources the Scottish Government will be providing to Police Scotland for the investigation of complaints made under the Hate Crime and Public Order Act 2021. We have worked with justice partners, including Police Scotland, to ensure that the act is effectively implemented when it commences next month. The Scottish Police Authority's budget for 2425 delivers record police funding of £1.55 billion. It is an increase of £92.7 million when compared to the current financial year. It is for the SPA and the chief constable to allocate this budget according to their priorities and their needs, and that should absolutely include the investigation of complaints that are made under the Hate Crime Act. I am aware that some commentary in the act, as I have already said, is not really reflective or accurate of the measures in the act, which was passed by a majority of the Parliament. The act does not stop freedom of expression. However, it makes unlawful the intention of stirring up hatred against a person or community for particular characteristics, as it already does for race. Pauline McNeill. The First Minister has reiterated several times today that the Hate Crime Act, which comes into force on 1 April, must deliver what Parliament intended, that people must not be criminalised for expressing their opinions, and I agree. Some organisations are still concerned that legislation will be used maliciously to silence legitimate opinion, and it would be helpful, First Minister, if the Scottish Government would engage with those groups. Does the First Minister agree that how the act is interpreted by the police is key and how they are trained is key and their resources are crucially important? Does the First Minister understand my concerns that the police are not properly resourced but crucially properly and adequately trained to implement the act as it was intended? We agree on that that it could risk criminalising innocent people and further stretching police resources, make the act work and make sure that there are full resources to ensure that what this Parliament intended is deal-lovered. I know that Pauline McNeill takes the issue of tackling hatred very seriously. It is something that she and I have worked on over the years and many different guises. Let me try to give some assurance to Pauline McNeill and those she is raising concerns on behalf of. First, I make the point that I made already to Douglas Ross that there are multiple freedom of expression safeguards within the law. There is explicitly a freedom of expression safeguard within the legislation. Of course, there is a reasonable person defence, but there is also the fact that the legislation has to apply with the European Convention of Human Rights and Article 10 being particularly important. There is a triple lock of safeguards that are already there. On how the police then enforce the act—let me again try to give Pauline McNeill some assurances—police officers since 1986 have been effectively policing and enforcing the law and stirring up hatred for crimes in relation to race. Now, the threshold for the new offences is higher than the racial stirring up offence, but they have been doing so since 1986. With virtually zero controversy, I have every confidence that they are able to do so for the new offences that are being brought into law in just a matter of weeks. In terms of resourcing and training, I will reiterate the points that I have already made. We are providing record funding for Police Scotland in relation to the next year's budget. In training, I again refer to the points that have already been made by Police Scotland in the public domain. I have every confidence in their ability to train officers for the act when it comes into force. I am very pleased that the act will be coming into force because I believe that it will give people the necessary protections at a time when we are seeing hate crime far too pervasive in our society, far too prominent in our society and being peddled by some within the community of our society. The First Minister will be aware that the Police Scotland hate crime website explicitly stereotypes young working-class men from constituencies like mine and his as most likely to commit a hate crime. Does he agree with me that publicly demonising this disadvantaged group already heavily impacted by negative interactions with the criminal justice system and disproportionately damaged by addiction and other challenges will neither assist them nor aid efforts by many community groups and others in my constituents who work to create opportunities for them? While the Conservatives were shouting down Mr McKee when he was asking his question, I think that it is a legitimate point that when it comes to any marketing, any awareness campaigns that are done, it is exceptionally important that there is no stigmatisation of any communities whatsoever. However, let us just stick to the evidence and the facts in relation to those who are victims and, indeed, anybody that is a perpetrator of hate crime. However, let us do that in a way that does not stigmatise one or other community and certainly does not pick communities against each other. The entire point of the hate crime act and, indeed, I think that most of our endeavours in this chamber around tackling hate crime are around so that we can have a more cohesive society as opposed to one that pits one community against another. I agree with Ivan McKee that we should focus on tackling stigmatisation, stigma, wherever it exists in our society. He is also right to highlight that many organisations and agencies are providing opportunities to our young people, whether it is the work of Skills Development Scotland, national training programmes and apprenticeship programmes and many others that are supporting our young people during these challenging times. First Minister, in the time that we have available for constituency and general supplementaries, I call Liam Kerr. Very grateful, Presiding Officer. Devastating figures this week revealed people can be waiting up to two years for audiology assessments at NHS Grampian. The chief executive, Adam Caldwells, laid the blame for that squarely at the door of this Government, which under funds the service and fails to properly workforce plan. How precisely does this Government intend to drive these waiting times down? When will the people of the north-east see results? First and foremost, when it comes to long waits, I reiterate what I have already said here, that anybody who is waiting far too long is not acceptable. We are working hard to recover our NHS services. In terms of Grampian itself, in 24-25, NHS front-line boards will receive increased investment of almost £558 million, a real-terms increase of almost 3 per cent. NHS Grampian is seeing £46.6 million increase in its investment, and that is the decisions that this Government is proud to take in stark contrast to the Conservatives in England. We are investing in our NHS at a time when they are choosing tax cuts for the wealthy over investment in public services. Bob Doris Presiding Officer, babies across the UK face delay in treatment for the debilitating genetic condition spiral muscular atrophy, because no newborn screening programme exists. I recently met two impacted families who want to know why the majority of European countries screen for SMA, yet we don't. It is something that I have been campaigning for for some time. It makes a real difference to the lives of newborn babies. Does the First Minister agree with me that, given that it now appears likely that there will be a UK screening pilot for SMA, that Scotland should be included? Will the First Minister meet me to discuss work that is undertaken in Scotland to prepare for such a pilot, including I think that he will welcome identifying potential partnership funds to deliver it? I do recognise the urgency that families in Scotland feel around the issue for those affected by spinal muscular atrophy. It can be absolutely devastating. I share the desire for any action that would prevent that. The UK National Screening Committee is very much in the best place to evaluate all the evidence and I welcome the in-service evaluation that NHS England is carrying out. I hope that that will bring us closer to a decision. Discussions are on-going about the potential for a Scottish specific study or for Scotland to participate in the ISE and the in-service evaluation. However, there are a number of factors that must be worked through before a final decision can be reached. Of course, I am always happy, as is the health secretary, to meet Bob Doris on this very important issue. That concludes First Minister's questions. The next item of business is a member's business debate in the name of Douglas Ross. There will now be a short suspension to allow those leaving the chamber and public gallery to do so.


Today we're making from scratch biscuits and gravy. Check it out. You're going to need about a cup and a half of all-purpose flour, about two teaspoons of baking powder, a big pinch of kosher salt. We almost forgot we're going to add a little Dano's original. That's the green top. Now you need one stick of some cold unsalted butter. We're going to cut it into little pieces. Now we're going to add our butter. Use your fingers to just mash the butter into the flour just like that. After a few minutes you should have your butter incorporated into your flour and should look like that. Now you need some sour cream. We're going to go in with about half of this tub. Incorporate that into our flour. After a few minutes you end up with a dough ball like this. Now this is where they get the name drop biscuits. Get you a pinch and drop them. Now we go into our 400 degree oven. While our biscuits are cooking we're going to brown this up one pound of sausage, the pernells, because it's good. You can see our sausage is cooked up and got all that grease in there. We're going to use a couple big scoops of flour to soak that up. Now you can see the flour caked up on the sausage. Now it's time to make the gravy. Get your whole milk. Add in about a cup. And we'll go on and add another cup. Now it's time to season it up.  Then we're going to set this off. Take it to the next level with the Dano's original. That's the green top. If you've never had Danos and biscuits and gravy, well you don't know until you Dano. I'm not overdoing it.  It's got the right amount of salt and real herbs and spices. I'm just going to mix that in and let it continue to cook. All right now it's starting to boil. You can see it's going to thicken up really quick. Now we're ready and we're still waiting on our biscuits. That's how quick that happened. So these took about 25 minutes but we're ready. It's time to eat. Let's see how we did on the biscuit side. Looks pretty good. Not bad. And we top it off with our gravy. It's time to give it a try. The biscuits, I'm going to give a 6 out of 10. Probably a better way to do it and maybe not use sour cream. But that gravy right there, that sausage gravy with the Danos, I don't know if you can do it any better than that. That's a 10 out of 10. I'd definitely do the sausage gravy like that again. Yum yum, get you something.


Good day, fellow investors. Is there blood on the streets in Russia? As I'm writing this yesterday, the Russian ETF lost 12% in a day, some other companies lost even more. And as many investors know, you need to buy stocks when there is blood on the streets.  Let's take a look at what's going on, give a fundamental perspective, let's see what can happen and give a perspective on how to invest in such a market as Russia. On Friday, Trump designed sanctions on 7 Russian oligarchs and 12 companies they own or control plus 17 Russian government officials and the state-owned Russian weapon trading company. The reasons are, according to Treasury Secretary Mnuchin, that the Russian government engages in a range of mailing activity around the globe. So US persons are generally prohibited from dealing with them, where also a non-US person could face sanctions for facilitating their transactions. The companies affected are Norilsk, Gazprom, Renova, Rassal and plus on the London Stock Exchange. So the key is Deripaska, the CEO of Rassal, where it is answered and whether the company will be allowed to sell aluminium on the global market and the company is producing 7% of the global aluminium. Deripaska is accused of money laundering and accused of treating part in extortion and racketeering. I thought that in the US you are not guilty until proven otherwise in a courtroom. But ok, that's politics. Nevertheless, this is exactly the risk I have been discussing when investing in Russia. Even if the cheapest stock market today, it is so for a reason. If all holders of the E-Rus ETF from the US or from Europe are forced to sell their holdings like those owning Rusell or Nplus are forced to sell those holdings according to some information that I found by May 7, the stock price would see huge, huge declines. As always, investing in Russia is a political thing first, secondly come the fundamentals. But if there is blood on the street, that's also an opportunity. Let's take a longer term look. In 2014-15 the Russian ETF lost 50% on lower oil prices and sanctions. Then there was a bit of a quiet period political wise and slowly people have been forgetting about the risks with higher commodity prices and the Russian ETF is 50% higher. However, those who bought when there was blood on the street did well with a 50% return since January 2016. The key now is to see whether there is blood on the street as I said or it's just a few drops. And whether the sanctions will have an impact on the actual businesses and your ownership. But let's first look at the fundamentals. The PE ratio of the Russian ETF is 6. Yes, that's the cheapest market in the world. The price to book ratio is 0.8 and the dividend yield is 5.7. However, let's look at sanctions and see whether this is cheap or not. Sberbank, the largest Russian bank, had a PE ratio of 2 if I remember well in 2015. So it can drop to 2 price earnings ratio if there is more trouble. Another interesting company is Norilsk that mines nickel, copper, gold, palladium, which are products that will be sold perhaps to China on a global marketplace because it's unlikely that China will put the same sanctions on Russia. So it is questionable whether the company like Norilsk or Russel will be able to approach financial markets, global financial markets, and then there is always the fear I have already read somewhere that some are saying, okay, probably the company will have to be bailed out by the government. If a bailout doesn't happen, then it's the best time to invest in a company. So you have to see how that fits the companies you are interested in Russia and if we are there yet. Norilsk also over the past five years did pretty good in the last three years. However, if there is some retaliation from Russia, the EU gets on in the sanctions commodity bear market that hits profits and cuts the dividends where we see another 2015 situation, those stock prices that seem cheap now might be even cheaper in the future. If investors are forced to sell their ownership, then it will be even worse. The key takeaway is that if stock prices can fall 20% in a day, as it was the case for Norilsk, it can fall much, much more if there is more turmoil. So what's the strategy on investing in Russia? The key is to implement the political component into the risk story where one can take advantage of the selloffs, thus buy when there is blood or some way of seeing it in the streets.  The more I dig into things, the more I see what's going on behind the curtains in politics, the more I want to throw up. Nevertheless, the key is if the Russian company can survive without approaching financial markets, then they will be making money. The Russian oligarchs won't care about their stock prices because their focus, at least of some of them, is on the dividends to pay for their luxury lives and their many wives. So you have to see what is the cyclical dividend yield for a specific Russian company? What are the company risks and how much risk can you take? If another 1998, 2009, 2015 happens, would you be happy or not? Always position yourself so that if something like that happens, you are happy because it provides you an opportunity.  Further, patiently and constantly rebalance around the position as the volatility will definitely be there. As we have seen last Monday, a two-sigma event is not uncommon. So the key takeaways are if you are a US citizen, this might be just the beginning. And what happens is that you might be forced to sell your holdings at the bottom, like it is the case for N+, the stock that fell 50% when you account for the decline in the rubble. If you are not a Russian citizen and you understand the risks where your money can be confiscated or similar things can happen, you might want to take advantage of the swings by carefully allocating a small part of your portfolio to such trades where the risk is high. But at some point, of course, there is always the political risk which has to be implemented and that's why the whole market trades at a discount. So don't get burned on Russia, take advantage, have your eyes open if you can, if you feel so, but don't risk losing anything important.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com. Happy Saturday coming at you with a little two box mosaic mixer featuring a box of 2019-2020 mosaic basketball fast break edition and Team all edition. That's that Asia exclusive. This is pick your team number four and You know the drill by now if you got at least two teams You'll get an entry for a shot of the pelicans if you buy four teams two entries six teams three entries so on and so forth Big thanks to everyone here for getting into the action Let's sort by your first names right here We've got J with two teams one entry Martin four teams two entries Michael two teams one entry Michael s two teams one entry Nick with two teams one entry Nick Stover with a lot of teams ten teams. That is five entries. Good luck Pat got a couple teams. That's an entry So did Ramon and so did Raymond So Raymond Ramon Pat Nick Stover Nick All right, so let's gather all these names here That's some dice. Let's get a list. There we go Put your names in here. I need dice here. I flip those windows. Let's roll it Let's randomize it six and a four ten times ten times six and a four one two and 10th and final time name on top after ten is gonna be Martin Look at that six and a four ten times Martin with the pelicans now. Let's see if this a Little rooftop there so, you know, it's from the from the filler there Now let's sort by column B by your first name by team names and let's print and rip Jack we've been live on Instagram Instagram starts at around two or three o'clock p.m. Pacific every day seven days a week But the Teddy is on a little dinner break right now, so he'll be he'll be back soon, but we've been on But just a little break right now Usually around this time Every night Big thanks to these folks for getting in. Thank you fast break team all a box each We're gonna do the fast break first and we'll do the team all the team all of course Has the special red and gold wave parallels and the fast break also has Has some exclusive prisms and stuff parallels as well at Jasper's breaks on Instagram folks if you have your notifications turned on For Instagram and for at Jasper's breaks, then you'll know exactly when we go live Everyday at Jasper's breaks on Twitter as well follow us on both of our social media accounts Someone tell mix-up that he is lagging behind tell them already. I'm already Halfway through ripping up ripping open box one Mixed up is just saying it sold out Thanks, rebel fast break box and hachimura That a fast break Designed there nice that is for Jay and the wizards here or wizard Jay. It's John Morant MBA debut Grizzlies that'll be for Michael Drill and beat having a great season early on Oh, I guess he is live There's the Tyler hero rookie card for the other Mike G Mike Krasinski this time with the heat Nicholas Klaxon rookie fast break parallel Emania Belica Got a Kendrick none here too for the heat NBA debut Tyler hero and an RJ Barrett rookie card. I think his values been It's been steadily going up especially this season With the way he's been playing NBA debut Tyler hero to New York Nick Nick Stover has the Knicks There's the Tyler hero right there even second-year Luca Don I guess third year now Second-year Luca Donchage cards and as far as this sets concerned Also doing all right in the secondary market Michael s with the Mavs And the John Morant and another RJ Barrett and a blue Steph Curry MVP's card It's to 60 to 85 All right, so we've got a lot going on right here. Let's get the Steph Curry Taking care of going to Raymond and Golden State There's the NBA debut RJ Barrett for Nick and the Knicks and a John Morant for Michael G and the Grizzlies These yannises are nice too. There's a Dylan Winnler rookie And calves have been playing some decent basketball last couple days too dust off your Collins Sexton's So Yannis and we've got an Admiral Schofield fast break autograph for Jay and the Wizards Yeah, we do actually sell the vet commons out of our shop With all the proceeds going to charity. I think if they're going to make a wish this time around So if you're in the area, yeah, you could When we're we're back open you can pop by search for a basketball vet common boxes We've got George Hill to 85 for Milwaukee and the NBA debut Kobe Wyatt Kobe white playing right now My leg is at 56 29 on the bulls Wow, Chicago's 0 for 10 from the three Two minutes left in the first half Kobe white though is pretty good goes to Nick Stover in the bulls George Hill for the Bucks That's gonna be for Martin and the Bucks and here is the Panini team all addition here China or Asia exclusive They were They made exclusively for this e-commerce site That's why I do this check here. We'll key here are the different the unique parallels that we can find I think the red is The most common parallel you can kind of tell already the couple here. The gold is what we're looking for the gold wave are The more shorter printed ones Maybe I don't know let's work through it. Let's see what's going on Happy fight night to you too, Adam. Although maybe not happy for us because I think I think everyone's busy watching the fight and not us This is like only like my third break of the night. I said all these Exclusives of side Rex in that transcend every the worthy. Yes The worst the worst case scenario is you get the worst auto But everyone was gonna get if you're in the break everyone's gonna get something Go on beat having a great start to the season There's some gold. It's a gold wave. Lucas Samanich for the spurs Nick N. Nick Neumann with the spurs. There you go. Callie. What's going on? How are you? Kelly Overy, Jr. Well, so the top 10 UFC pay-per-views McGregor's on the top seven is Seven of them I mean that That explains tonight them There's another gold down there Scotty Pippen and it's gold rookie. No gold Dreymont green Gold wave Raymond with the Golden State Warriors gold Golden State Warriors That card is gold We've got a Kobe white here for the bulls that's gonna be for Nick Stover We've got Thaddeus young in that mosaic pattern Deandre Hunter red wave rookie red wave You got Kyrie Irving red wave and Dylan windler back here And there you have it boys and girls nice little break two box Mosaic basketball mixer one box of fast break and a box of this team all exclusive the Asia exclusive editions Thanks very much everyone for getting into the action and always keep an eye on the website for more Basketball Jaspies case breaks calm. We always have some hoops going on We currently have some panini eminence in the store if you want to give that a go So a lot of fun stuff Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


What's up everyone it's your girl kenty here from late and sports cards and I'm repping a personal here for jimmy c We've got a brand new release of 21 22 upper deck black diamond hockey hobby All right, best of luck jimmy first look at this here at lsc Let's see what we can get looking for six premium cards per box See I think I've ever ripped any black diamond You know, it's a very nice look in the Hockey product that's for sure thick packs See what we got Again, I'm gonna butcher some of these names jimmy, but I am going to try my best You got 73 of 349 alexander barkoff the panthers Barkoff to 349 Oh, yeah, I know gretsky I know like gretsky and a couple of the the real big ones All right, we've got relic auto of moritz cider out of 25 Nice looking patch there. That's sick. All right, so it looks like it is player worn Player worn on this for the red wings C. Iter Mort's C. Iter Oh, this is sick rookie team logo jumbos a cam York Cam York for the flyers on the jumbo These three colored patch there flyers patch What's up gold We've got diamond debut relics for the rangers a niles lund lundvist Lundvist But it's also player worn rookie gems out of 3 99 a alex to cut turcate nice one there for la And we've got out of 3 99 exquisite collection of seattle kraken Looks like a little team card there. That's cool july 21st of 2021 host expansion draft A cool looking card Out of 3 99 All right, that'll do it for your box there jimmy congrats on those hits again beautiful looking cards We get these right out to you


Coming up on this edition of OAS News in Depth. Unfortunately, a major tsunami is possible in California. Scientists acknowledge the threat of large tsunamis along our coast. But are they talking about those the size of the one that devastated Japan in 2011? And would you know what to do if you heard that sound? It's Tsunami Preparedness Week in California and we'll have some potentially life-saving info for you. I'm Brad Alexander and we have that next on this edition of OAS News in Depth. Hi, I'm Brad Alexander in the Cal OAS State Operations Center. March 27th, 53 years ago, a 9.2 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Alaska, triggering tsunamis up to 220 feet high, killed 139 people. This week, the week of March 27th is also Tsunami Preparedness Week. Here are a few questions for you to think about. Who are really affected by tsunamis, just people who live along the coast? What is a tsunami? And lastly, what's the best way to evacuate if one is on the way? We'll tackle those questions in a couple minutes. But first, that great Alaskan earthquake is still the largest to hit North America, the second largest to be recorded in the world. And there is a lot that scientists still don't know about how earthquakes influence tsunamis. OAS News' Sean Boyd traveled to the coast to talk to one expert who rolled the dice on a big experiment. To learn more. Well, this year's Tsunami Preparedness Week runs March 27th through the 31st. And here in Santa Cruz, there are plenty of signs like these that let everyone know that this is a tsunami hazard zone. But just up the roadways at UCSC, there is at least one scientist who is going to extremes to understand the connection between plate tectonics and tsunamis. March 2011, a massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake rocked the ocean floor off the east coast of Japan. The Tohoku earthquake created a tsunami more than 130 feet high in some places, one that destroyed coastal towns, caused nuclear accidents and killed nearly 16,000 people. 14 hours later, that tsunami reached the coast of California. Santa Cruz bore the brunt of it. Scientists now know that during the earthquake, the sea floor moved more than 150 feet in just a matter of minutes. He had no idea that the sea floor there could move by that enormous amount. Emily Brodsky is an Earth and Planetary Sciences professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She says the enormous size of that quake and the resulting tsunami planted the seed for an ambitious scientific expedition. We thought we should go and look at the fault that made that earthquake and figure out if there was anything special about that fault. So she and scientists from 12 countries began planning an expedition to the Japan Trench Fault. They called it the JFast Drilling Project. They would use the world's most technologically advanced drilling vessel, the Chikyu, ported in Japan. The crew set sail on April 1st, 13 months after the quake. Their goal? Probe more than four and a quarter miles below the surface of the ocean. Drill another 2700 feet into the seabed, take course samples and take the fault's temperature. Why'd you do that? That's a weird thing to do. Professor Brodsky says that was a key motivation for the project. Measuring the heat on the fault tells a lot about the friction on the fault. More heat means more friction. It's that friction or resistance to the Earth's plates movements that can impact the buildup of energy in those plates. Here she breaks down what plate tectonics are and how tsunamis are formed. Usually the fault is not moving and every once in a while the fault suddenly jerks forward. When that happens it pushes up the top here, the top of the blocks, which is the bottom of the ocean. And by pushing up the bottom of the ocean it pushes up a big column of water and that makes a giant wave that is the tsunami. Once at the fault, crews aboard the Chikyu successfully drilled not one, but multiple holes into the fault. Remember, that's more than five miles below the ocean surface. This is the first time this has ever been done. Into the holes they plunged 55 data recording thermometers to measure temperatures inside the fault and they left them there for nine months. When they retrieved the sensors and analyzed the temperature data, the results confirmed their suspicions. And what we found was this thermometers that were sitting right on the fault were just a little bit harder than the ones that were far away from the fault. They were a third of a degree harder. That was really exciting to us because what it meant was that extra little bit of heat on the fault is the sign, the signature of friction. Friction that allows energy to build up and eventually release with potentially catastrophic results. When a really large earthquake happens it can release all of the stress in the system. And so after that really big event it's going to take a really long time to accumulate stress to make another earthquake. Another quake that big in the same spot will likely take centuries to happen again. It'll simply take that long to rebuild the energy. This is something Professor Brodsky says scientists have debated for years. This is a big step in fully understanding the science of tsunamis. Unfortunately a major tsunami is possible in California. I live not that far over the water there and my daughter goes to school right next to that cliff over there. And so I want to make sure that my daughter's school has a good tsunami evacuation plan. Because it is in the inundation zone and it really could happen here. In Santa Cruz, Sean Boyd, OES News. Thanks Sean. So as promised back to the questions we posed at the beginning of the show, Kelly Houston sat down with Ryan Arba. He's our tsunami program manager for Cal OES. And for the answers here's Kelly. We're joined by Ryan Arba. He's the program manager for the tsunami program at Cal OES. Ryan thanks for joining us. Great to be here Kelly. Hey so there were some questions at the beginning of the show that we kind of left open. Didn't tell people what it was because they're misnomers. One of them is about who's really affected by tsunamis. In other words, if I'm a person who lives up in the mountains, I don't really go to the coast. I kind of look at this and say isn't this really just applicable to people who live along the coastline? Like why do I as a person who lives in Sonora or just in the Sierras need to worry about it? Well earthquakes can happen at any time. And the same thing applies to tsunamis, they can happen at any time. So it could be that you are, say you live in the mountains but you're down in town near a river through the delta. That could be impacted by a tsunami. You could be on your annual Christmas shopping trip to San Francisco. San Francisco can be impacted by a tsunami. You or maybe you have friends and family visiting from another state and they decide to go to the coast for the day. They can be impacted by a tsunami. So though the tsunami does affect the coastline, we want to get the message out to everyone to make sure that they're prepared should this event occur. So the point is the waves not going to hit up in Sonora or up at the high mountain levels but you could be in the same area where you don't really kind of think of that. That's actually a really good point. The other one is that there's this idea that a tsunami hits, it's a big wave comes in and washes over everything and then it kind of recedes. And so I've heard some people say, hey, if you can get through that wave and it hits, you're good to go.  Is that true? No, that's one of those myths that we like to dispel with our program. That first wave often is not the biggest wave. It is often not the wave with the most impact. In a tsunami, waves can occur over several hours and you don't know exactly which one is going to inflict the most damage. So it's something that we encourage when the tsunami warning comes, take the proper actions as instructed by your local community members and local officials. And make sure you stay away until you've received word that it's safe to come back. So it's sort of like a tsunami is not just a single thing. It's a series of waves that come across and the first one may not even be the biggest one. I know that's something that a lot of people have been like, wow, I didn't really think of that interesting. So it could be lasting over a course of many hours. The last one is, so I'm in a tsunami zone where I could be affected by a tsunami. Let's say I'm along the coast or whatever and I hear the warning or I know that something's going wrong. So I want to get as far away from that as possible. So if I get in my car and I just keep driving, the further I drive, the safer I am, right? Well, it's not necessarily always true. If you think about it along the coastline, if you were to say drive further north or south, but stay along the coastline, that community that you're traveling to could be going through the same thing and still have a similar risk that could be present where you are coming from. So what we do is we encourage every person in California when they visit the beach or if you're a member of that community, take a look around. We've invested heavily in creating tsunami signs to identify when you're entering and leaving a tsunami hazard zone. And then in the event where you may have to take actions as a result of a tsunami coming, we've used those signs to show you what those proper evacuation routes are. And I think that's a good point too because I know myself. You go into an area along the coast, you see a tsunami sign and I'm like, oh, they're just reminding us that a tsunami could occur, but they're really directional. Absolutely. If you follow that, it takes you to higher ground. So you may not even need to get in your car. You could just walk a couple of blocks and be at a safe location and have not been kind of caught up in a big traffic jam trying to get out of town. In fact, we encourage you to think if you've ever left a stadium after a game and just how log jam they can get when a few hundred cars try to leave after that point. Same thing could happen in a tsunami event. So it's something where if you're able, walking or taking other means of transportation other than your car could be the best path forward for you. Great tips. And I know we have a website for more information. So Ryan Arba with the tsunami program, thank you very much for joining us. Thanks Kelly. Thanks Kelly. And we have more from our university experts and from Ryan Arba as well as another professor from UC Santa Cruz on our website at OESNews.com. Click on the links to watch those and be sure to subscribe to get all the best updates from OES News. And for the entire team here at the headquarters, I'm Brad Alexander. Thanks for watching this edition of OES News in depth and we'll see you on the next one. Go to tsunamizone.org to learn more. Find out if your home, school or workplace are in a tsunami hazard or evacuation zone. Understand the difference between a tsunami watch, advisory or warning and what you should do before, during and after a tsunami strikes. You can also make your children's tsunami superheroes by downloading a free e-book with interactive games. Go to OESNews.com slash tsunami where you can watch extended interviews with experts on the front lines of research and safety and find dozens of other videos on a wide range of topics that matter to you. Connect to the Cal OES community on Facebook and Twitter or at OESNews.com.


Steve's looking at the man in the mirror, and he sees it's not himself, but he's cool with it too. The movie tries to play this off as cute and whimsical.  That would be fun. Diana wakes up the next morning after a fresh shag and she sees Steve next to her eating a pop tart. He tells her it's the third one already this morning. I can't wait until the original owner of the body comes back and finds out he has type 1 diabetes. And five months to live.


Hello everybody and welcome to another hobby cheating video and today we return to our exploring colors series and today we are going to explore the color orange. This is a fun one. I've been waiting on this one because orange is such a wonderfully interesting unique color. I mean that's what I say at the start of all of these. In this case it's very true. So let's talk about orange. Let's start of course with the history. The color orange has been with the human race for quite a long time. Obviously there are many things in nature that are naturally orange, flowers, animals, we see hues of it in things like the sunset. So whether it be flora, fauna, or just the kind of world around us, there tends to be quite a lot of the color orange in our daily life. Now that being said, orange is obviously in some degree a combination of red and yellow. However, interestingly with the color orange, we recognize a very thin spectrum of space as actually being orange. That is to say the human eye and how we kind of are trained to think about orange is actually a fairly narrow band compared to some other colors when you look at things like green, which has such a wide spectrum of different colors that can infuse it. If a little too much red gets in the orange, we very quickly recognize it as more red. If too much yellow gets in, we'll very quickly recognize it as more of an ochre or a desaturated yellow than we will as actually true orange. So where orange comes in is not as much in variation of hue, but more in variation of value. So I have a selection of oranges here and when we start over here on the Kalahari orange from Scale 75, this is a very deep, desaturated orange. You can see this compared to something like our Troll Slayer Flesh from Games Workshop. When you look at that, you can see just the incredible difference there in saturation. Generally, you would get to something like this by adding something that's going to desaturate it down. So in other words, blue when we'll talk about that in a moment. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if you go to Citadel's Luganath orange or something like whatever this however you say this word, which was one of their edge paints, I quite like it because it's a really, really highly desaturated orange in the other direction. So this is tinted up usually by adding white, so you can see there, right? In other words, just as you would add white to green to make a sort of minty green, that's the same thing we see happening here with this one. So what's interesting about orange is we tend to get different oranges by either shade, so that can be the addition of a deep black or deep brown, effectively darkening color, by desaturation, i.e. the addition of blue to desaturate the color, or tinting, which is the addition of white to desaturate the color in the opposite direction. The other cool thing about orange is that orange is one of these great colors where you can have a true fluorescent. So this is war color's fluorescent orange, which is one of my favorites, but there are many others out there. And you notice just how eye-grabbing this is, I mean, it almost seems to glow, right? And this is one of the fantastic properties about orange. So the use of the word orange didn't come about until the early 19th century, that's to say in English, when actual orange trees, the fruit showed up being imported from Asia. Up till then, certainly the color was recognized. It was just the word was generally just, there was a lot of different words and lots of different languages sourced in Europe, but most of them translated to some kind of red-yellow. Once the fruit showed up, the fruit came first, then the color. So that's kind of where we get orange. And all the different European languages all have different derivations from the original Portuguese sailors who imported the tree. Orange is a very popular color in a lot of paintings, so especially when we go through the 19th century, a lot of especially impressionist painters used orange very heavily, because the interesting part about orange is that it's always going to draw the eye. It is naturally eye-catching. And so this is a very important point we need to understand. Just as I often say with yellow, it's the same with orange. When you use a bright color like this, a highly saturated orange, something like either the, this is Tiamat orange from Fantasy Games, from Scale 75, or Troll Slayer Orange, you need to be aware of the power you're putting into your miniature, because it either needs to be the main color. So it's quite dominant all around and naturally in balance. Or it needs to be used in very sparingly as a pop color and then balanced equally around the miniature. Because if you don't do that, our eyes are naturally attracted to the color orange. That's why it stands out from everything else. That's why it's become such an important part of so many different aspects of our society. Lots of Eastern traditions, the garb or robes that would be worn will be orange. And you'll see prisoners outfits often being orange so that if they escape, they're easy to see. Hunters vests are often orange. Warning signs, you know, all these kinds of things often incorporate the color orange because your eye is quite naturally drawn to it. When you're looking across a landscape of greens and blues and browns, orange will naturally stand out. So for the same reason we use orange like that in those purposes to draw the eye, to make sure it's impossible to miss, right? For the same reason we need to be very careful when we use it on our miniatures because if we use it out of balance, then it's obviously going to be, it's going to throw the miniature into a sort of uncomfortable feeling. It will feel off in a very fast way. Now orange, our common thought about orange is that it's complementary color is blue. If you look at a sort of traditional red, blue, green color wheel, this is kind of what would be your traditional opposite. Red opposed by green, yellow by violet, orange by blue. Kind of simple. We all have this concept in our head. However, this actually isn't the complementary color of orange, true orange. The true complementary color of orange is actually blue-green. And when I put these two next to each other, look at the difference in impact. So let's start here. Look at those two next to each other. Kind of just get the sense of it and how much each tends to impact you. Now look at those two next to each other. Each feels so much brighter when they're next to each other. This shouldn't be too much of a surprise if you've watched, if you've looked at a movie poster in the past 20 years, you'll notice that the poster is going to have huge amounts of orange or oftentimes very orange tinted human skin, if they have people's faces contrasted with blue-green with teal. So if you're really looking for a miniature that if you want to have two colors that really, really, really pop in as far as like you want to make something really jump out, then orange and blue-green are as a place you can go. But then again, one of them needs to be used as primary and one of them needs to be used very much as a secondary color. So let's say you use this about 10% as much as you use this or vice versa. Okay. When orange gets on miniatures, so here's from my recent serif on project, you can see here I've got my old school slon and he's got some orange and blue of course because, and you'll notice I do have it more into that sort of blue-green spectrum there. But I love orange. I wanted to do this whole army in orange. Since I thought about doing the serif on it seemed great fun. I really do love working in the color orange especially on this. Orange when we're in miniature painting is going to highlight in a couple of ways. So when we do increase tint we can either have the inclusion of something like a white or a pale color, say something like a pale sand. Okay. At which point we will end up with a brighter color like the Luganath orange. It will appear somewhat weaker or less impactful. This can actually be helpful. By desaturating it you reduce the sort of oppressiveness of the orange. When you shade orange it's generally going to go into either a very desaturated color like this or it's going to go into brown. So if you think about something like rust, rust is a very naturally good example of how orange shading actually works. We're all used to seeing the color orange in our life whenever we see rust. Very fresh rust will often, old and yet fresh rust. I'll just say something that's an old item that has a lot of fresh rust on it. We'll often have this orange tint but it will not all be this color. It will disappear down into a sort of deep brown color with still hints of that true orange in there but it'll feel much darker overall. So moving the color into that brown spectrum is how you can get very natural shading. I should also say that just as we talked about how you can desaturate orange by adding blue so too can you shade orange by adding blue. So let's take a look at what this actually means when it comes to a miniature. For this we're going to go ahead and just use some simple troll slayer orange. We'll keep it nice and in the middle of the spectrum. When we look at our basic orange, one reason people often have a challenge in applying orange to a miniature is because they'll put it over black or something like this like a zenithal and immediately what's going to happen is it's not going to look super great especially if it's thin. Now one of the reasons that's happening is because all of these colors that are on here right now that are on this miniature are cold. They all have blue in them. So we often think when we're applying a black primer or a black paint that we're using black but as a point of fact we're actually usually applying a very very very dark blue and blue is obviously part of the complementary color to orange. It also naturally desaturates it. What that ends up causing is the orange to feel very weak, the orange to feel like it lacks punch and impact and if you've ever tried to get a really bright strong orange over a color like that and been unable to do it, that's largely likely because you were painting over something that sneakily enough had some blue mixed into it. You didn't realize it, you thought you were going over black or gray but of course it was actually blue. Now if on the other hand we take an ivory color, so this is the same pale sand that I just used. And we run some of that down first. So let's just make that area nice and warm. We'll leave the bottom parts shaded. My very old empire spearman here, I don't even know where this guy is from. Maybe he's the new one, I don't know. I haven't bought an empire fig in many many a year. If we warm up our base tones, then what we're going to find is when we apply the orange it has much more impact and you can see as I've gone over here, notice how wherever any part of the base coat shows through, which again is a blue-black or a blue-gray, notice how much weaker that orange looks.  That's not grabbing your eye. That doesn't feel like this, right? It's a big difference in effect. And that's largely because you've put it over something that has naturally desaturated it. So for example, when I painted my serif on army that I knew was going to be all in orange, I didn't prime them in black and white with a zenithal. I primed them in brown and ivory, with a little bit of like a light rust color as my interference in the middle, as my ambient gray lighting. What that meant was then I had naturally warm colors underneath the orange so that when the orange went over that luminosity, if you will, the brightness of the color could shine through because all of our acrylic paints are naturally transparent and that really helped that shine. So let's look back here again. It looks like our ivory is pretty much dry. We can work over the previous orange. I could come in here and I can keep putting on layers of this orange, and eventually I could work it up to be bright. But that leads us to the other problem specific to orange paint that isn't necessarily the case with orange in nature. So the first artificial orange pigments were introduced again in the early 19th century. I'm sorry, I think I said earlier the fruit was named in the early 19th century. The fruit came over before that. I apologize, that was the 17th century. Please don't um, actually me. The pigment, the first artificial orange pigment was created in the early 19th century. There we go. That's what led to it suddenly becoming very popular in painting. And what we're dealing with now is often still a lot of different pigments. There are multiple different pigments that can be used for oranges. And so it depends on whether you have an artist grade paint or not and on and on and on. But the true orange pigments will generally in paint give you a true or orange than just mixing red and yellow. So even though orange is one of the tough colors to get a true color out of if you're using a limited palette. Because true orange artificially, that is to say what we use in paint is best when it comes from an actual orange pigment. And again, there are, you know, there are many out there. You can, it depends on kind of exactly where you get your particular paint from that you'll find the different pigments. Okay, so like there's cadmium oranges and there's all sorts of different ones. Okay, so now that our ivory is dry, let's take some of that orange there. Same exact troll slayer. And let's run that over the whole arm. Oh, and yes, so the point being is because orange pigment is so transparent, it naturally shows a huge amount of the color that's underneath it. This is just the nature of orange paints. Now there are some out there that cover better than others, of course, with everything, the more highly pigmented a paint, often the more intense the color will be. So if you move to something like a pro acryl or a, or a chimera colors, you'll have a naturally stronger orange, but it's still going to be one of the more transparent colors in the line. And that's just because orange paint is pretty transparent. Just like yellow, it doesn't have a lot of the elements of pigment that make it highly opaque. The difference between painting over a white and painting over a gray or a black or something that has blue in it, because again, the nature of how we mix pigment. I'm not saying that all of the color black in nature has blue in it. I'm saying that when we need to mix paint, we can't just put the magical Photoshop dropper over a thing in nature and then 3D print the color. We can't use real pigments. And so oftentimes to make things like black and gray, we're using some kind of blue pigment mixed in there. So as that both dries, you can really see the difference there, right? Especially if I put the original color up against it. So there's two coats of the Troll Slayer over the just straight over there and you can see its comparison. Okay, whereas if we come over here, look at how much brighter that is, how much closer to the actual color, right? We turn both of those toward the light. Look at the difference you get in just how luminous one is over the other. So the take home point here is when you're working with orange, you always want to make sure that you're working over a warm base color. Even if you're just, if you don't have an airbrush and you're not doing a zenithal, that's fine. Just make sure that you have some kind of warm ivory as your rattle can primer. There's lots of bone colors and ivory colors out there in rattle cans. Whether it's the stuff you're buying from GW or Army Painter or just going to the hardware store, there's plenty of warm whites out there you can get. It's a very common color to find in a rattle can. So the dividends it will pay in your final effect is so massive. Now, the last point I want to make about orange is that orange is a really magical color because you paint with orange even more than you think, even if you don't actually use the color. Here's my palette. It might be too reflective, so I'll turn it like this. There we go. Because Caucasian skin tone, in fact, most skin tones are mixed from orange. So when I take the orange and put it here, get a little bit of that out, get most of that out of my brush and then let's go ahead and grab some of my, again, this is my pale sand. And when I start to mix that into the orange, what I'll get is a Caucasian flesh tone.  Let's go ahead and put it on there. You can see you get a pretty pale, but believable Caucasian skin tone. Now, you can, just as I made this with a simple inclusion of orange and ivory or white, you can do the same thing with, by adding some red back in, one of the constituent colors, you can get a more pink flesh, right? If you add a little bit more orange back in, you'll get a deeper, more ruddy kind of flesh. If we take just a tiny amount of blue and add it in, we'll get a colder flesh. So this is more of a desaturated shadow flesh in there. That's one of the reasons why blue tends to look great. I think Van Gogh famously said that there is no orange without the color blue, because his paintings would often have both in there. And you can see how now I'm getting a much more shaded flesh. More blue I introduce, more shadow it becomes. So the sort of summary points of orange as we wrap up here is one orange has a smaller range of hues that we recognize as orange, but has a lot of different power through its values. Whether it's really intensely pigmented, where you've got a fluorescent, or you're using actual fluorescent pigments, or whether you have the both ends of the spectrum where it's desaturated either through tint or shadow. So orange can deliver a wide range of emotions. It tends to feel eye-catching, exciting, and it tends to give you the impression of life of fall, of a lot of different things. It's not blood, it's not red, but it feels very natural. It is one of those colors because we see it so much in nature. It has a lot of connections to us. When you see pumpkins, when you see carrots, when you see orange flowers blooming, or orange as a major color in the night sky, you tend to remember it because of the impact of the color orange and how it works in the human brain. When you're painting orange, remember going over your black or gray primer is going to do nothing but desaturate the orange and weaken its effect. If you go over something bright, like ivory, you will have a much stronger orange to show for it. Orange is complementary, we think of as blue, but it's actually blue-green, but as a point of all that being said, you can use sort of standard blue as a shadow color to desaturate it and bring it down and create deeper, more realistic cold shadows in warm orange. You can also add brown or brown tints. Think of like a deep rust color. Old rust would be a great shadow color for your orange. When you're trying to highlight, you want to be in two different ways. You can either go straight with something like the integration of a very warm ivory-like pale sand, or you can simply introduce more of the pale sand over top, like if I wanted to really highlight areas, maybe this part should be very bright at the top of the shoulder or something. You could put a little bit of thin pale sand on there, or ivory color, right? And much like I did with the red, instead of trying to mix them, because then you are going to fundamentally change the property of the color, because orange is so naturally transparent, I can just take my existing orange, thin it down to a nice glaze. You could also use an orange ink or an orange contrast paint, and as a point of fact, the orange contrast paint is excellent for this. I really like the orange contrast paint, but you could then just run that over the top, and then what you'll end up getting is a nice brighter orange. It'll still show the ivory through, but it won't completely ruin your color. It might take one or two glazes, but you'll get there because the color is so naturally transparent. It'll still show the brightness that the ivory brings through without allowing it to really change fundamentally the property of the color orange. So, there you go. That's Exploring Colors Orange. Lots of fun stuff in this particular color. I hope you enjoyed this one. This one was a real joy to make. We're going to continue working our way around. Don't worry, this video series will go on. There are lots more colors that I want to talk about. I've been focusing on what we think of as the color wheel hues, but we're going to be branching out soon beyond that. If you liked this, hey, give it a like. Subscribe for additional hobby cheating in the future. If you've got any suggestions or questions, feel free to drop those down below. Always appreciate those and respond to every comment. But as always, I thank you very much for watching this one, and we'll see you next time.


Hey everyone, Shaber1000 here. Today we got the ghost pepper chicken sandwich from Wendy's. I also got the ghost fries. I don't know how much it it was because we didn't get a receipt for some reason. Monkey wants me to look it up so I'll look it up for you. I'll tell you what's in this and we're gonna give it a try. I'm sure it's not gonna be super hot because fast food places usually aren't that bad. So far though the the one I had that was the spiciest which had some heat to it was Dairy Queen. That was a great burger for you know a fast food place. It was awesome. It was very very spicy and it had some heat to it so let me get this brought up on my phone and then we'll give this a try. So the new ghost pepper ranch chicken sandwich it takes their signature spicy chicken to the next level with ghost pepper infused American cheese, ghost pepper and ranch seasoned crispy onions, lettuce tomato and a creamy ghost pepper ranch sauce made with fresh herbs. That's four layers of unbeatable heat. It says keep it in check with a delicious ranch flavor. So I'm gonna try the fries first. I didn't know they had these. I just happened to see a guy on YouTube doing it.  I said monkey said yeah when you want to try and I said well we got to see how far Wendy's has it and she said well they do. I seen the sign. I forgot to tell you. Okay let's open these fries up. Monkey don't want to try it. I don't know why. She ate chocolate. Okay smell it. I got this too. But alright let's give this a shot. We'll try the, I just got back from the doctor soon. Alright let's, you want to try one of these, Monk? Get a real red one here. Here's a real real red one. I don't know what if what if I do this. Now you can really see the color. Alright let's give this a shot. Nothing yet. Ghost pepper will sneak up on you a little bit. Yeah there's some spice there's very good. You should try one of these. It's pretty good.  Now let's open this up. Yeah so far those fries are really good. If you can't stand a lot of heat but you like spicy stuff I think these fries are for you. I like them. Very good. As far as heat for me there's some heat there. I think it's more of a spice than it is a heat but I like it. I give the fries a two thumbs up. Come here and try one.  Here. Here run and take this to mommy. Yep monkey to try one. It's not bad. It's not too bad. No I think you'll like it. Yeah I'll really. Yeah it is mild. So this, here let me see. Okay nothing. No. You don't have to have chocolate bar. These are the hanging rings. Here try one of these hanging rings and yeah. Yeah I like that. Okay so now that you've seen what's on it. There's a little heat. Not bearable. It's not bearable. Like I mean it's not where it's bearable. It's not unbearable. Yeah you know what I mean.  Okay so here we go. Let's give this a shot. Very spicy. I think I will give this I'm going to give the fries a four and a half out of five star two thumbs up and I think the burger it gets a two thumbs up. I'm going to give it the same four and a half out of five star. If you can handle a little bit of spice and heat I think the sandwich might be too much for you but if you can handle it and you like but you don't like it overwhelming that would be fine for you. The fries very very good. You want to buy this sandwich? No thanks. It was good. It really is. I don't think there's much heat there. We'll try to buy this sandwich. I don't think anybody could eat that really. Just give you a little heat. You like it? Go watch the video. Yeah. It's not as hot and spicy as Dairy Queen one. No. But it's very good. Like I said if you can handle just a little bit the fries will be for you but not the sandwich. But if you can handle some they'll both be fine. My mouth I can feel it. Yeah. I mean you can taste the ghost pepper. Yeah. And then the chicken the regular because they add this to the regular spicy chicken. So I think all in all it's a great burger. It's not a driving burger it is a little messy you know because of the sauce and stuff. Especially when monkey just comes over takes a bite and sets it right down in the sauce. That was nice. But yeah. Again two thumbs up four out of five star or four and a half out of five. I won't say it's mellow. But it's not overboard either. In my opinion I think they knocked it out of the park with this one. I think they did very well with the combination and the levels. Very good. Very good. So yeah. Hang on a second I want to show you what one of our next reviews going to be. Your phone's ringing. So this one. The Cheetos again. This is the four cheesy. So this one should be pretty good. The box I know it's showing up blue on here but the box is actually purple. Let's pop these colors and see. But the box is actually purple. This one. And then we have this. The cheesy bacon. Can't wait to try this one. This one should be pretty good. Cheesy bacon. She also got me these. They're the hot crunchy delicious. They're flaming hot minis. I probably won't do a review on these because they're just the flaming hots that I had done before. They're just the minis. So that got crashed because we're driving. You just want to be in the dog house today don't you? No I want to be in my tent today. She tried to put me in my hammock if I wasn't good. Good. And she said that's not right because how would you say that's not much of a punishment for you? No, it's not a punishment. Alright I'll go sleep in the hammock for a couple nights. Very good though what do you think mama? Yeah, I liked it. Grate them for me. 5 out of 5. You go 5 out of 5 on both? Yeah, I mean I like them. They're not where I couldn't stand them. Very good. I think the hamburger has more flavor than the fries do. Oh it's the chicken. The chicken I mean. I liked it. Two thumbs up.  Okay guys. No dog house. Thanks for setting my sandwich face down on top of the chunks. Anyway Shaber has met the man legend. Gone for now. Thanks for watching. If you like this kind of thing and like I said you can... But the fries, yeah they're not overwhelming at all but it's enough to give it. You can taste it. It's not bad at all. And gives it a different flavor which is very good. Gives it a good flavor so the fries, yes. The chicken sandwich now like I said some people might not be able to handle it. Cause I can feel it. It flames. On the side of my face. I can feel the heat and then you got the spicy of the already spicy chicken sandwich.  We'll see you guys in the next one. Bye bye and take care.