Thank you, it's very important, thank you, thank you. Okay, good morning and welcome everybody to BC 212, course on Christian apologetics. Just quickly reviewing a few things from our previous class. We had a further bit of a gap in between. So I'll just quickly touch on a few things and then we move forward. In lesson three, which is we spoke about faith and science our relationship between faith and science that for us people of faith, we are not afraid of science because science is only teaching us more about God. I mean, if it's done properly, it's only opening our eyes to the glory of God's creation. And we just, it makes us stand amazed at how marvelous, how great, how powerful our God is. So we are not, you know, threatened by any way in science and we people of faith can also be people who study science because we're just exploring God's creation. So we said a few things around that and today what I want to do is we're going to talk about creation in two lessons. In lesson four, we're going to look at creation pointing to the creator. So just highlighting some amazing things in creation that are pointing us to the creator. And then in lesson five, we're going to look at Genesis chapters one and two. I last week, I just requested some of you to do the question, read it. And then if you have any questions to post it, so I've collected the questions that you've shared, put on the classwork and we will try and answer that. As we look at, you know, we will summarize Genesis chapter one and two and how to correctly understand that. And then in the process also answer some of the questions that students have raised in the coursework, the classwork section, right? So that's our plan. So let's get started. Let me go ahead and share. All right. So what we're going to do is we're going to look at creation and how various aspects of creation are actually pointing us to the creator. Of course, we're not going to go into, you know, great detail, but I just want to give us sufficient information so that, you know, when you're having a conversation with somebody, you can just point these things out to people and say, look, God has given us evidence that he is there everywhere in his creation. They look way out into space, you look into a small cell, a single cell. We can see the wisdom, the intelligence, the design of God everywhere, everywhere. And we can, you know, point to some of these things. So we will look at six areas, cosmology, physics, astronomy, biochemistry, biological information, consciousness and just point, you know, see, if you look at each of these, of course you can get into any great detail, anybody wishes to, but if you get in there, you will see how great, you will see the fingerprint of God, you will see God's presence, glory being revealed. So that's what we want to do here in this lesson. And science, Stephen Meyer is a journalist, science journalist, he writes, he says, you know, science done right, points us to God. So cosmology is basically the study of how the universe started. How did this universe come into being, the origin of this universe? So that whole space of study is called cosmology. How did the cosmos come into existence? No, you know, it's very interesting, up until recent times, as recent as 1980, so we're talking about, you know, 40, 50 years ago, scientists used to believe, and this started way back with the philosophy, Greek philosophers, Aristotle and so on. The common thought was the universe had no beginning. You know, that was the original thought. They had no basis to prove it or disprove it, but that was the idea, which was generally accepted. The universe always existed, don't even talk about a beginning. But then there was always a problem because the Bible always spoke about a beginning. The Bible always said in the beginning God created, whereas the common part in philosophy and that which later on fed into science was, the universe always existed. And the basic premise was, you know, energy cannot be created or destroyed, a matter cannot be created or destroyed. So that was the premise. And so you don't create it, you don't destroy it, it's always there, it just remains like that. Until then, you know, Einstein's theory of relativity came in and said, well, you know, the universe cannot be static, it had to have had a beginning. So then everybody started saying, oh, okay, maybe the universe had a beginning because according to Einstein's theory, the universe is expanding, it's growing. So if it is growing, then if you go back in time, that means it was smaller and smaller and smaller until you go back in time when it had a beginning. So, you know, people started changing, as they began to hear these theories, ideas, you know. And then later on, this whole idea of a big bang, that means there was a particular point in time when things started, began to propose that. And so eventually by the 1980s, which was about 40 years ago, most scientists changed and said, okay, we agree the universe had a beginning. But of course, how do you explain the beginning? And that's when there was this whole theory of a big bang that something started, something happened. We don't know what happened, but something happened that gave rise to this whole universe. But the whole problem is this, well, cosmology, that is understanding about how the universe came to exist, has changed over time. It still isn't answer everything, you know. So, while people are making attempts to explain, you know, what could have happened? What was there before that initial point in time and t is equal to zero? What would have been there before? What could have happened? And so it's all about theory, meaning let's try to imagine what could have happened. And so all these things are being proposed. But to sum it up, science has a theory, you know, refer to as a big bang theory or the theory of evolutionary cosmology, which is attempting to give an answer about how the universe started. But the problem is, you know, we can ask very simple questions, you know, and say, hey, what are you telling us to believe? You're telling us that chance could produce intelligence. That means, you know, they go back in time to when t is equal to zero or it's known as the point of the singularity that moment in time somehow huge amounts of energy came at that particular moment in time and huge amounts of space and matter was created. So we don't know how that energy came together, how we don't know, you know, I'm saying about the theory of big bang theory, huge amount of energy in a single moment of time gave rise to this huge universe, which is growing and matter just came into existence at that moment.  But the basic thing is they're saying chance produced intelligence. I mean, as we look into the universe, we see so much of intelligence or an accident resulted in purpose, non-life created life, something came out of nothing, chaos produced order. So these are big steps of faith, big leaps of faith that scientists who propose big bang theory are expecting us to take without having answered the question. In contrast to that, if we, you know, instead of believing that something came out of nothing and chaos birthed order, you know, all of this, which actually is very counterintuitive, instead of that, we look at what the Bible says. In the beginning, God created. So Bible is saying there was a beginning, but there was someone who was there before the beginning, God, and he was the one who gave rise to everything. It's very simple, very clear. Just believe in the God who created everything. So by just looking at the, what has happened with this whole space of cosmology, it's telling us that we have not been able to answer this basic question. How did the beginning come about? And instead we look at the Bible. In the beginning, God created. Very simple. God was the source of the beginning. He is the one who brought everything into existence. Extending from that, when we look at physics, physics is basically the study of all the material world, the physical side of things. What we find is that the universe is made up of what is known as constants, that there are various parameters, about 30 or so constants in this universe that are very precise, and they're always fixed. For example, we know gravity. So as far as the earth is concerned, example, one example, gravity on the earth is fixed. So we say it's 9.8 meters per seconds when the force of gravity is fixed. And therefore, we are able to do a lot of things. We understand gravity. We are careful when we go to high places. We can use gravity for our advantage when we design various things, aeroplanes and so on and so forth. But we know gravity is a constant, meaning it's there and this is how it will work. And like this, there are many such constants in this physical world, on the earth and out in space, which we have been able to recognize, identify, measure and we can say, this is what it is. So the question is, could just coincidence or just accident give rise to such precision that we are seeing all through the universe? That the, for example, the energy density of empty space, the amount of energy in empty space, we have to refer to as the cosmological constant. It's there. It's keeping everything where it is. It's preventing this universe from this collapsing. And it is so fine tuned that even if it was to change in a fraction, it would cause things to just collide or come together. But then that constant, it's there and it's so precise and it's keeping everything in place. So like that, there are all these precise constants. And so what we see is there is the fine tuning of the universe, the fine tuning. The universe is very finely tuned and it's amazing. How could this have happened by chance? How could this have happened? How could all these physical constants come in place and remain the way they are by a random explosion? That's the second thing. The third evidence, again, this is looking at space and looking at how things are out in the universe is looking at earth and its relationship with all the other planetary bodies, whether they are stars or other planets or a place in our galaxy and the place of our galaxy amongst all the other galaxies. It tells us that the earth is so perfectly positioned for life to take place on earth. This earth, this planet is the only place on which we humans could live. I know we're making attempts to go to the moon and maybe build a base on the moon, maybe look and explore the possibility of life on Mars and all those things. People like man is doing that as part of the exploration. Okay, fine. But this planet is the only planet that sustains life as we know it. And if you look at the place of the earth, it is so precise where the earth is in relation to the sun, in relation to all other planetary bodies, whether you talk about planets or stars or so on, the earth is so perfectly positioned. If we were to change the location of the earth anyway, you know, towards the sun or away from the sun, life would not be possible. Life on earth would not be possible. If we got a little more closer to the sun, too hot, too much of heat, we would be destroyed. Move a little away from the sun, too cold, life would be destroyed. So even from this, we ask the question, did this happen? How could the earth be so precisely positioned? And it's rotating on its axis, it's revolving around the sun and life, human, all kinds of plant, animal, human life on the earth is being sustained. Could this have happened by accident? Just some random explosion and earth came right there, sun came right there and it is so perfect. Could this have happened by accident? Or is it something beyond that? Then the fourth part is we look at the cell. So we know that every living thing, so plants, animals, humans, animals and birds, humans, the organic life is made of a single cell and the cell is so complex. It's a tiny part of us, or if you talk about plants, you talk about animals or birds, whatever, it's a tiny part of us of life or living things. And yet that little cell is so complicated, it's so complex in its design. And the processes involved in that cell are so complex. So just a little bit of explanation here, even if you think about the cilia, which is on the cell, if it's like a animal cell, if it's like a hair like thing, a hair like structure, thin structure that comes out of the cell or that's protruding out of the cell. So a single cell may have about 200 of these cilia. And so they serve a certain purpose in what happens in getting rid of foreign particles, foreign things. And they also help the cell move around. So each hair like structure from the cell, each cilia has about 200 protein parts to it, protein molecules, 200 of those, each one. And they're all arranged in some sort of a mechanism. So it's not like these protein parts just randomly came together. They're all arranged in some sort of a mechanism that kind of gives it motion, a complex system of rods, linkers and motors that allows this little, the hair like structure to have motion as well. So these 200 protein parts, we're talking about protein molecules, are so intelligently connected like a minute machinery in a cell. So you can think about a very, precise machine, motor system connected to the cell. So what we're saying is, hey, we are looking at a very small portion of the cell which is like the hair like structure. And we are seeing something very amazing. We are seeing 200 different kinds of proteins that go to make up that little hair like structure. And not only that, but they're all connected in such a very unique way as though it was a little machinery set up there to make the cilia function as it should, cause the cell to move and so on. How could it all come together with such precision? So no one is able to explain how this could possibly come together like this. The point we're making is that when you look at a single cell, a single cell is so amazing. So amazing. We only looked at one part of it. We look at some more information in the cell. But even a little part of the cell, we can study it and say this is what is happening. This is what it's made of. But we can't say how did this all come together for it to function like this? That means there is a purpose that is designed in all of this. And so we can say, it's not by accident that these molecules came together and became like this. No, somebody who could think of this or could imagine this put it together. So we just pointed out one part of the cell. Think about biological information. Now we will see in Genesis chapter 1 when God created living things right from plant life to the sea creatures, to the birds, to the animals and then to man, God said and we will look at this in Genesis chapter 1. God said everything will reproduce after its own kind. And so he created a mechanism by which every species would reproduce after its own kind. That means a cat will always produce a cat. Dogs will always produce dogs. Elephants will always produce elephants. Everything will produce after its own kind. And while there may be adaptation, that means every creature is able to develop certain things because of the environment in which it lives, there is no crossing over of species. A catfish will never become a cat. A catfish will always reproduce catfish. A cat will always reproduce cat. Maybe they'll adapt a little bit to their environment but never cross over. So this is amazing. How can every species keep on reproducing after its own kind? That's when you study the cell and you go down to what you refer to as the DNA or the genes and you find that God has programmed in every cell. He's created this thing called the DNA, the structure that carries the genetic information of every species and unique to every species. And that is amazing. And if you look at the structure of the DNA, the DNA structure is very simple. It is just made up of sugar and phosphate molecules as on the backbone. It just has four bases that keep combining each other chemical compounds. Just four base, they form the runs of the ladder. Very, very simple structure. And yet the simple structure is giving rise to the uniqueness of so many millions of species because of the sequence in which these things assemble themselves. We call it the genetic information. And it's so amazing. So we think of, okay, who could have thought of this? How could this have come to play? How could this have even been put in place? It is so simple yet so profound and it is given rise to millions of kinds of species of plants, animals, birds, and then people. So even among people, we all have the same DNA structure. About 90 plus percent, I'm talking about us human beings, about 90 plus percent of our DNA is just the same. And that little bit of variation, each one of us become unique, different. That gives rise to our, you know, each one is different. We look different, we have different, we are human beings and yet each one of us have something very unique about us. So amazing. And so you look at this biological information, you can study the genes and genetics, and again all of these are just broken down into protein molecules and so on, like we said, sugar and phosphate and other molecules. And then you say, how could all of this give rise to something, a world that is so amazing? So amazing. You say, well, how could this have happened by chance? How could this have happened by some sort of an accidental process that caused such wonderful organization of protein molecules? How could this have happened? No.  It will never happen. We know it. We don't even bother trying because to write the book, it takes more than having the letters of the alphabet. It requires somebody with intelligence who can put everything together in a very meaningful way. And that's what got us. He created the alphabets, he created everything, and he knew how to put it all together. And the last one, when we look at consciousness, that means what we are saying is, look, if this human body is just a piece of matter, because if we evolved slowly from organic molecules, they became plants, and from plant life slowly came creatures, and from there slowly they became animals and they adapted and adapted and became man, that means we're just saying that we're just matter. If we are just matter, we know that there are certain things that about us, that are not just matter. So we have things like, which make up what we call as consciousness, which is we have rationality and morality. What is rationality? What is our ability to think? So our thinking is very complex, because in our thinking, which is a function of our brain and our mind, our thinking, we are bringing a lot of information past, present, and then we also project into the future. We're able to think of what if scenarios, if this happens, what about this, if that happens, what about that.  It is so amazing. You say, if we are just matter, where did we get this part of our consciousness, the rationality? Because you look at a piece of rock, it is matter. Can a rock think like us? No. But you say, okay, we came out of the dust of the earth, everything came from organic matter like this. But then there is something here that is not the function of just matter. So the rationality part is very amazing. Because in our thought, we are bringing in many, many things, we are bringing in information, we are bringing in a recall of emotions. We are looking at present information. We are also projecting into the future. And then we are thinking, we are thinking like this past, present, future. That's rationality. That's part of our mind. Where did that come from? The second part of our consciousness is morality. Morality has to do with our sense of right and wrong. It has to do with our belief system. And here again, say, where did this sense of right and wrong come? How do we know, in our sense of belief, how do we know this is right, this is wrong? How do we know that if we do this, it's going to result in something bad? The sense of morality. How do I know I have to treat other people well or love people? Those things, where do they come from? Because look at a piece of rock. A rock has no sense of morality. There's no consciousness, no rationality, no morality. But we human beings have rationality. And we also have a sense of morality. Where did this come from? So what we have done. Of course, all these are fields of study, right from cosmology, astronomy, physics, biochemistry, biological information, consciousness, other mind. People are studying all of these areas and trying to understand, wonderful. But there are these basic questions that tell us there has to be a creator who could have created such amazing things. So all of creation, like we said, and like the Bible points us to, saying Romans 1.20, since the creation of the world, this invisible attributes are clearly seen. The invisible attributes of God. His omniscience, his omnipotence, his omnipresence. Are they clearly seen? Where are they seen? They're seen in the things that are made. They're seen in the things that are made. So that means all of creation is in some way pointing to some attribute of God. The power of God is eternal, foreign God. So that we have without excuse. We can't say, you know, I didn't know God was there. So let me pause here. What we've done in this chapter is just looked at six areas. Six areas of study. And everywhere we look, we can ask some very simple questions that are pointing us to a great creator who has given, you know, those things that we are seeing. They're all pointing to this great creator. So let me pause here. Is everyone with me any questions so far? Any thoughts? All good? Anybody with any questions? So what we want to do now, and feel free to ask any questions anytime, right? As well as now move into Genesis chapter one and two. I know we are also doing a sermon series in church on faith and science. So some of you may have been hearing these sermons. I want to just talk about Genesis chapter one and two. And we'll introduce that then go for a break and come back and continue. We will answer the questions that students have asked in class. So Genesis chapter one and two describe the beginning. As God revealed it to Moses, and we know that the prophet Moses, he wrote the first five books of the Bible. And he must, he receded by revelation, most likely when he was in the presence of God in Mount Sinai, God would have, you know, we don't exactly when, but most likely when he was in the presence of God in Sinai, God would have spoken everything to him, you know, and Moses would have recorded these things the way God spoke to him. So this was around 1600 BC. So that means about from the time of, if you look at it chronologically from the Garden of Eden, from that time to the time of the flood was about 1600 years, Noah's flood 600 years. Then you go on to Abraham, which is about 2000 years.  So we have about 2400, yeah, 2400 years from the Garden of Eden from the start of the Garden of Chronologically, according to Bible chronology, from the Garden of Eden to the time of Moses, that's about 2400 years, and Moses was writing. So obviously, Moses was not there physically, he was not physically present in the Garden of Eden, but he received by revelation that God wanted him to write. Now, as Moses wrote down, he, you know, understand God speaking to Moses in his context. So when God, you know, when it says this was the first day, this was the second day, this was the third day, this was the fourth, six days, seventh day, God rested. Moses was writing. So first of all, God always speaks to us using language and context of the writer. So here Moses was writing. So Moses was not thinking in terms of billions of years, right? Why? Because God is speaking to him in his context. Moses was not a scientist. You know, today's scientists will think in terms of millions of years, billions of years with this, that, no, Moses is not thinking like that. For Moses, evening and morning is very simple. It is evening, it is morning. That's his 24-hour day, right? So God is speaking in the context of the person to whom he's speaking, which is Moses, and he's writing it down, right? And so Moses is writing. And God also explains in Genesis chapter one, verse four and five, what the day is, right? So in Genesis chapter one, verse four and five, he says, the morning, the evening and the morning, that is the night part, the dark part, darkness part, and the light part, or the day part together was the first day. So Genesis chapter one, verse four and five, describes for us what the day is. It is the darkness and the light. 12 hours of darkness, 12 hours of light, that is day one, or the first day. So when we are interpreting scripture, we, you know, wherever scripture, wherever we have to take it literally, get it taken literally, only if it is poetry, or if it is some metaphorical language, or, you know, it is some prophetic imagery, then we have to interpret it, otherwise just take it literally. So that's why, you know, I, when we look at Genesis chapter one, we say, well, God was speaking, God has explained what the first day is already in Genesis chapter one, verse four and five. The context for Moses is evening and morning. Moses is not a scientist. He's not thinking in terms of billions of years. He's just writing as God has told him. So it's a very literal thing. So therefore, every of the six, of the seven days, given in Genesis chapter one and two, are just simple, literal 24-hour days. Okay? Now, why am I emphasizing this? Because when you read Christian literature, I'm talking about literature by theologians and scientists, Christian people, believers. They have tend to change the day into something metaphorical. They say, oh, well, the day is not really a 24-hour day. It is, means millions of years, some would say billions of years, et cetera. You know? And so you will, you'll find a lot of that from various theologians and Christian leaders saying that. Now, everybody has a right to their opinions. I'm not arguing or fighting or, you know, if they want to have that opinion, that is their choice. But what I want to stress is we must be faithful in reading the text and interpreting the text the way it is supposed to be interpreted because if you don't do that, then for any other passage in the Bible, anybody can come up with any idea and any theory and they can interpret it anyway, right? So then we can literally make the Bible say anything we want if we are not following simple rules of grammar, which is if something is stated literally, take it literally. If something is stated metaphorically, take it metaphorically. For example, if I can make two statements about how it ranks, I just give an example. I can say, well, it's been raining here all day. I can also say it's been raining cats and dogs all day. So one is a literal statement. The first one is a literal statement. It is raining all day. The second one is a metaphorical statement. So when I say it's raining cats and dogs, it doesn't mean cats and dogs are falling from the sky. It is just metaphor. It means it's raining very heavily. It's raining really bad. So depending on how I'm speaking, you will understand it, right? When it's metaphorical, you have to take it metaphorically. When it's literal, you take it literally. It's very simple. And in Genesis 1, God has already explained, this is what he meant by day. Therefore, we just take it literally and apply it to every part of those seven days in Genesis 1 and 2. So we'll take a break. I'll see Elisha's question in the chat. We'll come back after the break and we will go through Genesis 1 and 1 and 2 and then we will take up these questions. Let's take a 10-minute break. Thank you.


Thank you for having me here. It's really a pleasure. This is my first time in Poland I've traveled all around Europe for some reason I had not been to Poland before I'm really enjoying my stay in Warsaw and I'm really excited to be here for this particular event So I thank you so much to the organizers of this event for making it possible for me to visit Warsaw and to participate in this The title of my presentation is the future of programmable money Which is not the title of my presentation. It's what I Set as the title of all my presentations because I don't decide what I'm going to talk about Until maybe two hours before the presentation. So I'm going to be as surprised as the rest of you to find out exactly what we're going to be talking about today I wanted to start by getting a bit of information about the audience So unfortunately, I couldn't understand what Philip was saying before me How many of you here own a cryptocurrency or have done at least one transaction at some point in your life? everyone, okay Good, so that's that's gonna be easier for me then I won't need to explain What the hell is going on with cryptocurrencies? I can just jump into it. I want to talk today about Communities and how we build interesting exciting communities both online and in person I've traveled a lot in my life and I've lived in many many different places and I find that I am always attracted to a certain kind of neighborhood. I like to live in a place where there are a lot of artists a lot of musicians I like to live in neighborhoods that have weird little coffee shops and obscure bars where people play live music and You get to see bands and musicians and artists Places that have graffiti on the walls Perhaps places that at least when I live in those places, they're not that safe You know They're still a bit dangerous In fact, I often find myself living in neighborhoods where I'm the only white person in the neighborhood or I'm the only non-local in the neighborhood But those neighborhoods don't last The artists the musicians the poor students the people who are living in those neighborhoods love those neighborhoods too because rent is cheap Because the development of the neighborhood hasn't happened yet Because there's opportunities for expression Because with all of the weirdness and the not-so-safe environment There's a lot of weird and creative people who come with that inevitably when you stay in a neighborhood like that long enough other people notice and It starts becoming a cool neighborhood And when it becomes a cool neighborhood people who can afford to start moving into that neighborhood and Then richer and richer people start moving into that neighborhood In a year or two There's a Starbucks on the corner The bar that had all of the weird and quirky musicians in the interesting places is replaced By a gallery or boutique That sells a bit more upscale more expensive clothes than before and Then the rents start going up and The real estate property values start going up Before long The artists and the musicians and all of the interesting people who are the reason you move to that neighborhood They can't afford to live there anymore So they move and Eventually the neighborhood is full of young professionals Wearing suits going to work every morning nine to five with their Starbucks coffee in their hand And they're very busy and they're on their phone and that neighborhood is now shit and You leave and you go to find a cool neighborhood again and the cycle repeats Gentrification is the word we use in the United States to describe that phenomenon Turns out that all of the things that make a neighborhood interesting all of the quirky and weird people They don't stay very long and If you like to live in that environment an environment that is full of creativity and expression the worst thing that can happen to that environment is commodification corporatization marketing because When you have something cool like that If you take something that is cool and authentic and You turn it into a marketing campaign for Coca-Cola or Nike It's not cool anymore, right by the time they think it's cool It's not cool anymore And it ruins the authenticity and the money starts pouring in and all of the authenticity is gone I first went online and participated in digital communities in the middle of the 1980s And in order to participate in those digital communities I had to buy a modem and I had to dial in to a bulletin board system and This bulletin board system was run by some person in their basement as a hobby and It had maybe a hundred and fifty participants in it Who are all just as weird as I was a Weird 15 year olds who had modems Who other people didn't understand and we had such a good time? having conversations online and Then towards the end of the 90s bulletin board system started getting popular and Big companies started buying the smaller operators and they started advertising And they started charging membership fees and then they started to polish and Improve the content. They started to try to make it a bit more palatable for mainstream What's your language? Don't say bad words Only things for adults Let's keep this family friendly and All of the interesting and weird people who made the bulletin board system interesting in the first place Start looking for somewhere else to have their conversations Because they're not welcome anymore and in some cases because they can't afford to participate anymore and all of the creative conversation There was the reason we went there in the first place is now gone in fact One of the weird things about these bulletin board systems in those days was It was all guys At the time there were no women participating in online bulletin board systems in 1985 But the corporations tried to convert these bulletin board systems into dating sites So what they did is they had guys pretend to be women So they could attract more costavers So you find yourself in a situation where you're having a conversation with another guy Whose online name is Helen In order to sell more subscription to the bulletin board system marketing The funny thing was there were a few women online at that time. They were using guys names So they could feel more comfortable and less freaked out by weirdos and they had the fake Helen talking to them And fake flirting to get them to pay more subscription By that time I had already moved on to usenets and usenets was a group discussion that was happening across all of the internet at the time towards the end of the 1980s it was a text-based community where you could exchange messages with anyone around the world Who was on the internet which at the time was maybe 500,000 people? And usenets was weird like very very weird In fact, there was a special corner of usenets called the alt groups the Alternative groups that you couldn't access in all places, but where you could access them. That was the special place that's where all of the Dungeons and Dragons fans and all of the comic book fans and all of the weird sci-fi fans and a lot of the sex and weird hobbies and Just generally people who didn't fit well into other groups were in the alt groups and then the corporations came and They started carrying usenets as a subscription service and the first thing they dropped was the alt groups So now you could pay to get the clean version of you usenets, but you couldn't get the alt groups because Those weren't very polite at times. They weren't very corporate. They weren't very clean So they took usenets with all of its weirdness and all of its quirkiness and they dressed it in a suit and they cut its hair and It became boring and So all of the interesting people moved on And then the web happens and with the web we had this explosion of creativity and expression and At first all of the websites were weird, right too many colors blinking tags fonts Everything looked terrible no sense of design But the conversations you could have and the creativity and the weird people you could meet it was fantastic and then the corporations came in and They polished everything and cleaned it up. No bad words on this site This is moderated content and compuServe and AOL came along and they built Curated environments which were protected from all of the dirty words and all of the weird people Gentrification in waves Across the internet our digital domain being gentrified just like neighborhoods get gentrified and Every cycle of gentrification the same result The people who went there who made that place interesting No longer welcome can't afford to participate not allowed to speak and So they leave and all of the reasons why you joined in the first place are no longer there Many of the people who left all of those curated environments went to other parts of the web and Started their own websites and independent communities and then web 2.0 dot happened and when web 2.0 Happens we started getting the Facebook's or maybe my space then Facebook and the other social media sites and They very carefully curate the content You can post Nazi messages on Facebook and get away with it for a while God help you if you show a female breast. Oh, no, we can't have that. It's a family environment. Don't say bad words carefully curated lots of marketing very polished and All of the interesting people leave and now if you still have a Facebook account It's so you can see photos of your grandchildren in fact Kids don't want to be on Facebook and the reason they don't want to be on Facebook is their parents are there and So they leave and they go to reddit Unfortan gentrification Bitcoin was weird and I really really loved Bitcoin when it was weird, but for some people Bitcoin was too weird Maybe difficult to understand and There's a small possibility that you could buy drugs With Bitcoin, but but not the good drugs Right, not the drugs made by Pfizer That cost a lot of money right not Adderall, which is metamphetamine not Fentanyl, which is heroin not prescription good drugs bad drugs like marijuana and People could buy drugs and they could do other things that were not very good for the corporate image So how do you gentrify a currency? how do you take something that is weird and Dress it up in a suit Give it a haircut and present it to the board of executives. I Remember the first few years. I'd go to companies and they'd asked me to come and present They would say to me We want you to talk to our executives But when you talk to our executives if you could Please say blockchain don't say Bitcoin because Bitcoin is weird and Blockchain is the future and I said No, I Won't say blockchain. I Will say Bitcoin because Bitcoin is the future and blockchain is bullshit and I'll also say bullshit to your executives Because you paid me to come here to tell you the truth as I see it And I'm not going to try to sell you something that's nicely packaged Just to avoid offending I'm interested in telling the truth and the reason Cryptocurrencies are interesting the reason Bitcoin is interesting is because it's not controlled Because it can't be censored Because it's open because a lot of the people involved are very very weird Weird computer geeks weird cryptographers who have weird ideas about privacy and freedom and These weird people are why I'm involved in Bitcoin Because I'm weird too and that's okay, and if you take all of that out What you're left with this blockchain is a sterile Unexpressive uninvented environments a Corporate play thing that has been sanitized of everything interesting and left as an empty shell It's basically a very slow database If someone comes to you and says do I need a blockchain for my business ask them. Do you need something that is open? neutral borderless that no one controls and that resists censorship if If yes then you need Bitcoin or Ethereum Monero Ccash some open public blockchain cryptocurrency System that expresses these capabilities But if you don't need something that's open borderless neutral censorship resistance and not controlled by anyone What you're really asking for is a database So install a database. You don't need a blockchain and If you take all of the weird people out with them goes all of the innovation all of the interesting developments if What you try to do is make businesses usual Only now with blockchain If the whole purpose of introducing this technology say into your bank is to be able to not change anything about how you do business or If your government says we will do a digital currency and we heard that there's a digital currency using blockchain that is open decentralized borderless censorship resistance and neutral and we want to do just that Except we don't want it to be open decentralized censorship resistance neutral or borderless We'd like that, but we want it to be controlled within our borders with the ability to control who has access to it with full censorship and We ultimately decide who has power on this system Also known as the database and you can build that and it will be boring and All of the innovation and all of the excitement and all of the reason why I'm interested in these technologies and perhaps why some of you are interested in these technologies is Precisely because they're weird Precisely because they're different because they're open because they allow everyone to innovate and express themselves creatively In ways that we don't anticipate in ways that are completely unpredictable and in some ways that are offensive To some that's okay I don't want to live in a world of pastel colors carefully curated advertising marketing focus tested phrases Where you can't say the bad words. I want to live in a world with color With creativity with variety with diversity with ideas ideas that sometimes offend me and scare me that I don't understand With weird people around me who are free to express themselves because that's where creativity comes from And it's not just Bitcoin. We're gonna see this happen again and again We've already gone through the phase where people said yes, I'm interested in blockchain But not Bitcoin when someone tells you I'm interested in blockchain, but not Bitcoin What they say is I don't understand. I don't understand Or they've heard someone else say it and they think they can be cool if they say that right It's a bit like someone saying My space is so last year. I'm into Facebook now It happens to Bitcoin, but it's gonna keep happening It's gonna keep happening to every cryptocurrency that dares to do something interesting right now the big banks Governments there in love with Ethereum They love the fact that Ethereum has all of these capabilities that seem much much less weird Than Bitcoin, but they don't realize that all of the weirdness is still there. I love the weirdness in Ethereum because quite honestly the whole point of Ethereum is to make unstoppable code applications that you cannot turn off and the reason you can't Turn them off is because they're decentralized apps dApps. Why make a dApp?  Maybe a bit offensive. Maybe a lot offensive drug markets That cannot be shut down Sex markets that cannot be shut down in fact all of the interesting applications that you can do in a decentralized neutral unstoppable environment for code are Precisely applications that somebody wants to stop and Those are even more powerful in the countries where the people who want to stop them are in power If I'm in Russia, and I want to put something on Ethereum.   Let's see what the community thinks Hey community. Do you want to stop this application because JP Morgan Chase doesn't like it?  Say yes They're weird They're beautifully weird. That's why I'm interested in them so my pledge and The pledge of all of the other people who are in this because it's weird is Keep it weird. Thank you


I see this habitually with couples. They're unable to go deeper because they haven't really... Now, what does it mean to co-create? This means having regular conversations about the relationship. Now, sadly, many of you ladies have duct tape over your mouth. You're afraid to speak your truth to a man. If you're not familiar with my book, what the heck is self love anyway? A journey of personal development, self-help and spiritual work. By the way, link below to get my book. Why I'm bringing this up is because chapter one says speak your truth, deal with kindness. Ladies, so many of you think you're good communicators and yet you're terrible at communicating your needs and what happens is you're not actually in a co-creative relationship with another human being because I just want you to remember this. I want you to remember this, chapter nine in my book.


My name is Evan Dunks. I'm wondering, who's your favorite superhero? And has you studying economics changed how you felt about certain superheroes? Oh my god. I've always, this might be sappy patriotic, but I've always liked Captain America. The whole, he fought in World War II, suspended animation for 20 years, by the way, happens to anyone who falls into cold water. That's just a throw away. I could sing you the song, if you'd like, when Captain America throws his money. Anyone old enough to remember that? All those who chose to oppose his shield must yield. Great rhyme. Yeah, even the most insane billionaire cannot afford a hundredth of what friggin Tony Stark or Bruce Wayne have. It's infuriating. I've done well, I'm not the most insane out there, but if I wanted to go build a back cave at my house, it would take approximately 600 times my wealth and everyone would know about it. So, it's a shockingly good question, which actually has been an annoyance of mine. Yeah, I have a skyscraper that's also a missile silo. Your least favorite superhero, if I may interject? You know what it used to be before? Before the movie, I would have said Ant-Man. But the movie was kind of funny. But there was a character named Hank Pym, one of the original Avengers. Avengers were, of course, as you all know, Thor Hulk, Iron Man, Giant Man, which is Hank Pym, and the Wasp.  Giant Man was just a big guy. He wasn't even stronger than a regular guy. He was just big. Everyone beat up Giant Man. Then he used the same powers to shrink and control ants, of course, because those go together. And then he became an alcoholic, and then he hit his wife in the comic books. And that's easy to hate. But I hated him even before the spousal abuse.


everywhere.  I just am so fed up with guys these days.  I mean every girl is but you know what don't worry focus on your career you have the awesome job at the agency. That's true like if it wasn't for you I never would have booked that big show. Oh so it's a nice guy thing. Be intentional. Well seriously I just want to be like treated like a lady you know. Yeah. Yeah I think every woman does. Girl pass me that one. Oh. Ladies in life you need a teammate. I love being a part of it. Yes hello this is Audrey Barlow calling to confirm for the show on Sunday at seven. Yes okay you got the client contract. Yes okay we'll be there. We'll see you then. Thanks so much. Bye bye. Hey babe, how's it going? I just wanted to get ready for a quick take a shower. This is my girl's house. Correction, she's my grown-out bro. I'm not your bro. Bro. I'm even doing here. I came to talk to Audrey. She broke up with you dude and I think she's made a big mistake. I have a surprise for you. Audrey. Jordan. What are you doing here? I just wanted to talk to you. Oh my gosh. I'm just gonna get some clothes on and I'll be out in a minute okay. It's time for you to go. You're like yesterday's news. You're living in the past. Stop picking up the clues.  You're fake.   Keep on letting them flow because face it boy you're broke.  You really should go. Actually I think I'm gonna stay for breakfast. Don't touch my bread. I was a type of girl who would see all the red flags in morning signs like well ahead of time. You see that? That's the first quiet. Yeah I know.


So now we're starting to get some really cool results. Let me show you that distribution again, but taken from the book just to see something to talk about. The reason why this happens is that far down here close to zero is that any Gaussian function is going to go down towards zero very quickly. So if we're trying to make an integral here, the vast majority of the integral is going to come from the last piece. We can't really afford to lose the stabilization energy of this last residue in yellow. The rest of the integral out here towards minus infinity is not going to be enough to compensate for that. And that means that I typically have, again, that single hydrogen bond that I'm losing or something could deteriorate the entire structure. But look at the white space here, the white space under the curve. The vast majority of possible sequences in this particular fold are not going to be stable in the fold. And what that means, if I just randomly synthesize sequences of say 100 amino acids, the vast majority of them are not going to form proteins according to this prediction. And that is true. That holds. We've tested it again and again in the lab. And it's much harder to make a protein than you think. Nature managed to do so because it's introducing small changes in existing proteins. But just creating a protein from scratch is a major piece of art, apparently. How have we proven that? Well, you can certainly try to synthesize things in the lab, but you can only do so many, right? There was an interesting paper a few years ago in Bifysical Journal that went through this. So they took a number of small folds, starting from, you've seen a couple of this. This is the villain headpiece. You have some sandwiches there. The last one there is said outer membrane protein, et cetera. This one is called WW domain, two tryptophanes. I'm not going to go through all of them. But these range from very small and stable up to large and more complex. And based on what we said that the larger the structure or domain here is, the more sequences it should be able to accommodate, right? So there is something not right here. Well, we're missing one thing. What they looked at is that they first looked at the length of the protein here, and then they looked at, say, what they call the structural complexity. And that just means that how many sequences would we be able to fit in this? And that definitely goes up with length. It goes up very quickly with length. So there will be many more sequences you can fit in the long ones. But those are not all sequences. The problem when you start increasing the length, the fraction of sequences that are going to be stable in the protein will actually go down. Because there is the number of non-stable sequences, potential sequences, are going to grow even quicker. So that, well, yes, technically, a large fold will be able to accommodate more sequences, but the number of sequences that will never fold is even worse. So that means that you somehow want to be somewhere in the middle, not too small and not too large. You want a bit of diversity, but as we start forming larger structures, the probability of spontaneously folding will very quickly go down to nil. Have you thought about those prions, I mentioned more? Based on this, we can calculate what is the probability of a random sequence folding into protein. I'm just going to do a rough ballpark estimate here. This might be 1 in 10 or 100 million, 10 to the power of minus 8. So the probability of having a well-defined local minima, we're then saying for a random sequence that's in the ballpark of 1 in 100 billion. But what about prions? Prions, you could think of as sequences that have not one, but two reasonably well-defined local minima in free energy. And if we assume that they're independent, we should maybe talk about the ballpark of taking that number and squaring it. So 10 to the power of minus 15 or 16. And it's hard to do statistics about sequences because we haven't sampled them evenly or so. But again, to first approximation, that appears to hold. So the likelihood, the reason we have prions is simply that out of all the potential proteins we have, in a few cases, we can actually have kind of two native states. It's just that they occur in different time scales. But it's the exception that confirms the rule.


This research paper discusses a new method for creating a flexible electrode made from titanium carbide, T3C2TxMzene, carbon nanofibers, NCNes, and ruthenium oxide, RUOX. This electrode has several advantages over traditional electrodes, including increased capacity, better energy density, and longer lifespan. The Mzene acts as a template for the RUOX, allowing it to be evenly distributed across the surface of the NCNes. This results in a more efficient charge transfer, leading to higher capacities and faster charging speeds. Additionally, the amorphous nature of the RUOX allows for a wider voltage range, resulting in greater energy density. Finally, the Mzene also helps to protect the electrode from degradation due to repeated use, meaning that the electrode can last much longer than traditional electrodes. This article was authored by Haewon Hwang, Sung In-young, Seo In-yuk, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.


Firefighters respond to emergencies every day throughout the nation. The same is true in our region. Most of the time they return home safe to their families, but they are times they do not. One local department wants those names of fallen firefighters remembered. As Pikeville Fire Chief Patrick Bentley and Pikeville Fire Department Battalion Chief Mitch Case explains, there is an event planned to raise money for a fallen firefighter's memorial wall. We got actually having a firefighters ball to take the money for what we raise at the ball for a firefighters memorial. As you well well we've had nine line of duty deaths in Pike County. We've had one at Popple City. Back in 1976 a man named by Captain James B. McKenzie, but there's been numerous throughout the years in Pike County and we just want to build a memorial for them. You know just like you know places has the memorial we need a firefighter's memorial. The wall will honor those who pay the ultimate sacrifice protecting their communities. We need to do something out there to to for these guys names to be remembered forever because they made the ultimate sacrifice trying to try to be there for their brothers and sisters in the fire service as well as the community that they serve. I mean being being volunteers all volunteers with the exception of one and they're just responding to calls to try to help somebody and they paid the ultimate sacrifice, let this world without their families and they always need to be remembered for that sacrifice. The firefighters ball will be held Tuesday October 8th at the Appalachian Wireless Arena and will be a formal attire event. Tickets are available at Pikeville City Hall.


Welcome to the Laura Martin show. I'm Sam Murray joined with Stevenson field hockey head coach Laura Martin Two wins last week and an exciting over time double overtime win versus Shenandoah 3-2 And then you get the 2-0 win at home versus goucher, right talk about those games So the goucher game was excited because that's turned into as I mentioned before quite quite the rivalry So I felt like we Had possession of the ball the majority of the match and really controlled the tempo of the game And we put the ball in the net when we needed to so I was pretty pleased with that game in general Yeah, and then the Shenandoah game Double overtime. Yeah, Noel Martin finds the back of the net. She gets two game winners this week past week Talk about that game so that was a bit of a challenge their field is slow and our team has a lot of speed and Fast stick skill and that kind of changed the momentum flow We had to adjust our style of play because of the field And field hockey is an unusual sport not too many sports run into that scenario in your pool your swimming and water You know, but for field hockey the surface is huge and that that was an adjustment and it was really hot and They were a physical team and we had to play really hard So the fact that we secured the overtime win was was wonderful much needed But it was a battle I can tell you that it was a battle. So it was a good game We talk a lot about the youth in the that freshman class But someone in the junior class Sarah McVeigh scores twice this past week sophomore Tana Ridgley gets a goal Talk about the this the distribution of goal scoring that you have Yeah, I mean, I think that's huge if you look at the teams that find a lot of success Especially throughout the years historically strong. They typically don't just have one goal scorer There's a kid that usually puts the ball in the net They have a high score of course everyone does but there's a spread in the points and that's what we're looking to do And that's what we're starting to see so we have kids coming off the bench that are adding some points And and we have some strong returners and and obviously the youth. So it's it's it's exciting It's good news for the future Talking about the future this week on Wednesday you travel to Rowan a tough tough matchup You guys nearly beat them on your home field last year Yes, but they're four and three but those three losses are all against ranked or teams that are receiving votes, right? They're very strong and they just defeated FDU yesterday and FDU I think had one loss now two losses So they're a significant team and this will be a battle. They're always contenders Normally nationally ranked just shy getting some votes, but not in the mix yet So I anticipate a tough battle for us And then that kind of sets you up for Saturday first conference game of the year at Albright Another team who two and three, but they've also played a couple teams that are receiving votes I think York maybe what was one of them What do you expect or what do you hope for your team as you open conference play? I mean, that's obviously huge Albright coming into that game is backed into a little bit of a corner because they've had some losses so they're gonna want to start conference play with the win and And they have that home court advantage So we're gonna have to be strong and if we execute our game and the game plan We will find success against a tough conference and a tough opponent But we're gonna have to make sure we we do the things properly that we plan to do Oh, we wish you best of luck as you're on your four game road trip Hope to see you back here soon at Mustang Stadium. She's Laura Martin. I'm Sam Murray and you've been watching the Laura Martin show


Welcome back to Drinks Made Easy because cocktails don't have to be difficult. Now today we're taking a look at the New York Sour which has kind of a weird strange meandering history. Now it was originally created by a guy in Chicago and called the Continental. No one knows who this guy is though he claims to have also created the Manhattan. Then it somehow migrated down to the south where it was known as the Southern Sour and then it got back up to New York where some schmo up there decided to rename it the New York Sour. I know it's kind of a confusing history and it doesn't really matter all that much and people at the time were drinking and didn't seem to write stuff down. Anywho, let's get to the cocktail. But first if you haven't already please go ahead and click on the subscribe button and the bell icon so you'll be notified every time we make a new video. To build the New York Sour we'll start with two ounces of bourbon. Next we're going to add one ounce of fresh lemon juice, one ounce of fresh simple syrup and into a separate tin without any ice we're going to add our one egg white. Combine those and dry shake until integrated. Next we're going to add our ice and unless you haven't seen any of our other videos you know whenever you're using a cocktail that has egg whites I always recommend dry shaking it then wet shaking it. If you just do a straight wet shake it's going to be pretty well it's just diluted and if you under shake it with ice first it kind of smells like wet dog. Strain over a glass with ice. Now this is one of the options where some people will still put this in a sour glass.  And then over the top of it we're going to drizzle half an ounce of a dry red wine. I've also seen cocktails where they use up to an ounce. I mean you can go hog wild with a red wine if you want but at that point you're just kind of drowning out your booze. So if you've got a shoo bourbon or rye that you're using in this cocktail add a whole bunch of wine. And easy as that you have the New York Sour. This is one of my favorite whiskey sour variations especially if you're also a fan of wine because you get the complex flavors from just a touch of wine along with what you'd expect from a standard whiskey sour. Now if you don't like wine or if you're particularly snobby about your wine avoid this cocktail. Similarly though if you're just playing around with flavors find your favorite wine as long as it's not too expensive and try a New York Sour. Cheers from Drinks Made Easy.