S obzirom da nam broju čistnika još uje kraste, ja predlažim da sačekamo jednu minutu. Brankice prevodite na BHS engveski. We have some other participants joining us and we'll wait for another minute. Dobro jutro, dame i gospodo. Dobro došli na webinar, pobljšanje kvaliteta, zraka, mjere planira. Dobro, dame i gospodi, pobljšanje kvaliteta došli na webinaru. Znači se načinu za svijetnog strategiju, za svijetnog strategiju, za federaciju Bosnija i Zagavina, za Republika Sipska i za Bucko Distik. Znači se načinu za strategiju. Znači se načinu za Svijedin. Znači se načinu za gospodi i znači se načinu za Svijedin. Dobro, dame i gospodi. Znači se načinu za gospodi i značiti su za VEDOK. Znači se načinu za gospodi i znači su za VEDOK. The ambassador, her excellency i okanas term calls the ambassador of Sweden. Po karaokeo, svoje svijdi njovitv Savara je topodnje prioriješče. Avražovićemo je taj izbiljnik i Svijden izgleda se nešto neopatrveno golo da se pizdješta svoje nijove, najbolje nama. Svijdan tyto, svoje njive da se pizdišta se prvno pratili drugi njive.  I u 20-u postavljanju, svoji sva sva su začino. I na complexity, sve zazavitve sa sve budi u sve zase, se pravljena likovili za učinitavnja. Sve vrlo nije stavlja i prije sve nekajske sjednjih societji. Zatak je to da je dobro. Klične prokružaje je svakr Musicalna, od svojih ljudi, ali i svoj svakr, na kao planetom.  I to je da sam biočio se potrema poštavno na Bosniju i Herzegovina da protekno natručno-komentarne učinje. Svinjeći je jedan u svog svog svog dolajka, da je nije uključno-multilaterijne klimatne fundi. I na Bosniju i Herzegovina je nije uključnog bilaterijne dolajka u vrloših svijetima. Ovrčo je vrlo što se je ljude projekta u občinu, da su učinu svijetima strategiju i planu na svoju kraju, na svoju Bosnjih i Herzegovina. I njišo projekta je da učinu svijetima občinu se pri sve učinu u vrlošim kraju. As you know, Boston has a governor has several decade long problem of air pollution in most of its urban areas. Unfortunately during the last decade, the situation has become worse, especially in bigger urban areas due to the increased number of people moving to the cities from rural areas. The air pollution outdoors is often high above prescribed limits, especially during the winter season. According to survey by the World Health Organization, Boston has a governor takes the fifth or sixth place place in the world in terms of death per 100,000 people from consequences caused by the polluted air. According to the World Bank report on air pollution, air pollution management in Boston had to governor every year approximately 3,300 people died prematurely because of the consequences of being exposed to the air pollution. So this is a very serious problem in this country and as we know the main sources of pollution are heating of houses and transport and the heating with coal and wood are the main problems. And of course this is due to the fact that a majority of the population cannot afford to use natural gas or modern equipment for heating, such as modern stoves or boilers on pellets and heat pumps. And transport results in significant pollution in urban areas due to the old age of vehicles and low level of infrastructure for public transport, as well as alternatives, such as bike lanes for example, if you don't want to use a vehicle to transport yourself. There is legislation in place, but it's not fully compliant with EU directives yet and the monitoring of air quality is not developed enough. Some parts of the country is not covered by measurement stations and there is no functional system for emission reporting. And so this means that there is no reliable data on emissions or pollutants and this is of course the very basis, we know more or less where the pollution is coming from but this needs to be developed and this is one of the things that Sweden is supporting. There are more than 400 stakeholders involved in the development of the strategy and action plan that this project ESAP will develop. And they are involved through different working groups and we think that such an approach will be with a wide group participating of experts and representatives of civil society will create ownership and hopefully enable a successful implementation. And this strategy will, and the plan of course when adopted and implemented will be important for the health of the population in Bosnia-Hertzegovina, but it will also be an important step in terms of EU integration. So because it will help and clearly set out what should be done to reach EU requirements in terms of air quality in the next 10 years. So this project and these documents will be extremely important to the country and I'm happy that this webinar can be part of a discussion where also good examples from other countries can be used. So with those words, I would like to hand over to the experts and for us to listen to them. Thank you. Hvala na uvodnim riječima njenoj excelenti Johanis Tronkvist. Thank you. Your Excellency Ambassador of Sweden in Bosnia-Hertzegovina for her introductory remarks. We will proceed in accordance with our program. Now we will hear the introductory presentation and the presentation by my colleague Gordon Trbitj, who is leading the air quality group together with me. Before I give the floor to my colleague, I will briefly inform you of the agenda we have today and we should work until 11.30. In the introductory part we will hear from my colleague Gordon Trbitj, what are the challenges in this area, air quality and what were the results of the meetings we held with our working group last year. After this we will hear three presentations from experts who are members of the Stockholm Environment Institute and then we will have a discussion. We will open discussion and let me give you instructions regarding this discussion. Regarding our colleagues from SAE will make their presentations in English, but you have an option translation option and you can select the local language. And you can hear simultaneous translation regarding questions. You cannot ask questions by asking them aloud, you need to go to Q&A function and that's where you can send the questions. And you can do so during the presentation also. After that we will start with discussion. I would kindly ask all the panelists to stick to the time that was allotted to various presentations so as to be able to finish as planned. Now may I ask my colleague Trbitj to brief us of the situation in Bosniansk Govina. Good morning everyone, thank you. Do we have the presentation on the screen? Yes, thank you. As my colleague Rudin said, we prepared this presentation based on the situation analysis and the outcomes of the previous working group meeting. It is clear that the air quality in Bosnian Govina is rather poor and the pollution is high. The most common reasons is cold burning emissions from transport and the geography of urban centers surrounded by mountains. This especially applies during the winter season when the pollution is high. The most polluted towns during winter season are Sarajevo, Paňa, Luka, Zenica. Goren, I apologize. Could you just turn on the full screen option please? Goren, na slide show. Slide show and then. Ako je problem može joj ovako, ale na slide show možeš. Popušam, ali, ali, ali. Samo sam malo da. Ok, vidi se. Izmijamo. Ok, we can see it. I apologize. Nije na full screen. It's not full screen, but it's ok, we can see it. Ok, I have slide problems here. I lost it on my computer. Can you see now? Very well. Regarding the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the hydro metallogical institute is the authorized institution for monitoring of air quality. The control, they measure the pollution on 20 stations. We had a summary of 2019. We had the exceedances in Zenica and Chivenica and the concentrations of nitrogen oxide in Sarajevo. u staciju 2.5 i 10 staciju na svoje staciju. CO2 je, znači, i OZUN je znači ljudi, koji je dobro. Pogledajte Republika Sepska, Hidematologijskog institucija od Republika Sepska modirajući situaciju, i druga polučiju s SL-2 i nitrogenskog dioxy je u gledu Ugljeviju i Gatsko, PM-10. Ono je dobro da ne zavljavamo nekih učinacija na učinaciju. Učinacija na učinaciju. But we can expect to have some exceedances next year if the situation does not improve regarding but we have a mobile station in the custom-free zone.    I, i nezadnje 17 x 5% s 2030. I ovdje sve da se dobro od odvijednje u 12 megatonu CO2. Tupo uvijednje je to, i hovi, da Bosnije i Letzagovina svojimo da se naso odnijete. Svijednih je uvijednje s nještje energijne klamate. I odmah smo ještje uvijednjene i ještje uvijednje. I odmah smo ještje uvijednjeni s situacijstvima analizima. I vi nešto se zavrili da se ovo je uvijednjeno i da se to je uvijednje ještje nekako je u NDC. Kada je učinat o čalendiju, da smo odvijedili na nekako njih mjeroj u stavnih prvištnih nječnjih. Kada je učinat o sve infrastrukturne i sve čalendiju, smo trebili odvijediti da nemožemo učinati infrastrukturne za elektrika vrkla i načinati učinati, Mislim da bes silentlym u Boot Formučiju. zooming in the public transport is underdeveloped. We have in that direction. And we have to also focus on community, and then another challenge that the collect is not recognized in the law. How are we going to cancel? kako ćemo se učiniti na učinacije na učinacije i poštiti na komunitetu energiju. To je samo učinacije učinacije. To nije učinacije, da ćemo ještje učinacije. Kada je učinacije učinacije učinacije, znažemo energiju, da je učinacije učinacije učinacije i mogulima. Theno odpočnike učinacije, da imamo poštiti na učinacije.    Pobjeroj smo da se nije učiniti učiniti u energiju projekta i planu. Zdaj smo se da se učiniti u implementaciju nerp. Učiniti učiniti učiniti u energiju, učiniti učiniti. i nema nekako uvijednije za odvijednije vijeg uvijednije.  Issues regarding climate changes are not well integrated into sectoral policies. We also defined the general recommendations so that we could supplement and amend them I nekako je to najmangajste. Prvom je da je acelerati i odnijedi objevacije na uključanju mnogu, od svog uključi, planu i druga je da se srponiraju kapacitice uključi uključi za svog uključa. znač schauen, da je tintelijao u občutju do trix hodinog uključke construjci, ker je monitora protučnika i vratadčinog uključke. Učinima uvanjamo za 2030 je, kao sve, ndc, uključiti za uključkog uključku, u objekte u EU, ali na samih tim, svoje realistice i implementovate. Oče, trebamo imati dobro vom pačnu uvijednju s objekte Bosnije i Herzegovina. Bosnije i Herzegovina trenutno je svoje svijete izgleda. Rupubka Sepska trenutno je svoje službite na stavnji, prejdići smo da učinili očiniti načiniti srbi našovati i učinili se učiniti učiniti našovati. I dobro srbi našovati naševati. I dobro srbi naševati naševati naševati naševati. i trebujemo pristirati u ETS. To je što smo pristirati. Sve smo našli za njih nekoštjeva. I ovdje, da sam znači, to je pristiratičnog oproženja, kako se može, da se možete načiniti i pristirati. Čekaj. Dvije, Gora. Užiliš se ušljena, da se prindu vrati u 10 minuta, da se tvoje omreći i hrti Gavina. To je... Pogleda se u 10 minuta, ali da se učili. Kada se našlo, kako se učili, da se povrti kvrti, da se povrti kvrti, o prezentaciju. Sve je to povijednice, da to se prišlo. Prvima prezentacija je učinavacija planu o učinavacije. Elena Mikalopolova iz Seiji se učinavacije. Sada je poda institucija s učinavacije. Razgovara ti o pitanima o ko za gravzenje zraka i kreiranje politika. OK. Zatim, da se ovo sredimo, je učiniti načinati učiniti uravnova i uravnova i učiniti. To je učinit u ovom prezentaciju. Zatim, da se to je to pomembno, kako je dobro da se učiniti. Zatim, da se ovo sredimo, SCI i svojom što ste umožili, učiniti svoje učiniti. A po kvalitavu vrstku, da ću se prvići u ovom videu, je to očiniti učiniti i vrstku. Svijet u učiniti vrstku polijsi. To je bilo, da se na prvičku učiniti učiniti. Učiniti pravda učiniti učiniti, učiniti učiniti učiniti u kajške sektore.сятima ispravljenih dirb感じ consol耶 characteristic examples regarding transport in residential sector policies and strategies to implement en Riskation measures. I would also like some cand specific examples And so the, the St fiscal environment Institute is an international research and policy organisation that tackle the environment and development challenges. SCI je stavljena u Svijedinu, ali je centra u Uniji, USA, Stilu, Kenije, Estonija i Polombija.    Stavljena u stavljena u stavljena, realizing that there are strong linkages between air quality and climate pollution and climate change, apologies. The sources can be common, the impacts can be common. So when we are looking into air pollution and when we are looking into climate change, they can often be considered as different levels of one same problem, i sami svakši projebnoći, sve sami svakši projebnoći, koji smo museli svaćiti. Učiniti polutnju i kvaliti, kako je najkljevno policijer, je to, da je to, da je točnoja učinitosti. Svišta je sam gleda, da je sve spesifikati učinitosti. Zatim, da je učinitosti na umjeljne, kako je učinitosti u kropjenju, biodivacitivaju, odmah je učinitosti na ekonomi, Ontario Saturday on labor productivity, arriving in croploses, but there are also other impacts like lost school day damage to cultural monuments. I mean, I come from Athens and the damage to cultural witnesses I remember from when I was younger in the 90s. It was one introduce that was highlighted in the news that the cultural hatred that was very much in danger because of rero pollution issues. There is Unizelizavljena je uzvara, da tega sega nisu ne gleda od jednavima, tako da se ne gleda, znaši je da sega nisu ne gleda na hodinu. Kako ono je začinat, i na razmah, koji su za mlnog kovit, nisem da sega nisu ne gleda na hodinu. Kako se ne gleda, ne gleda i ne gleda. Na sve kodinu uzvara kako se gleda na hodinu, Ono je uključiti na uključitva materija, spesivno Pm2.5, uključiti na ozonu i nitrogentiju oxide. Zdaj ću se uključiti na uključitva materija. Goran je značila, da trebamo svoje uključiti participatoriju. On je uključiti participatoriju povrstveno. Znamo je to velika načinjavce.   These are impacts that go above and beyond the premature mortality that is recorded in the different areas based on the level of pollution. We are looking at a relationship between preterm births, PM2.5, osovirana, učinBlackSuppose, millična Nazi značnja, heterogranic dualstva, stulka, str учadanac, i to je učinat je učinati našoz koji što vidjeli i otvaritanku ekonomi i učinat коjnjena učinak pevnice.ındi se možete ot cosima pravda kada slimam načinak učinak i učinak samo načinak neko pričeljna javljiva koja su iračkačnima učinaku svečnja, pa je svečnja, da opravimo uzizavljani i uzizavljani mjeh ljudi. Svečnju uzizavljani uzizavljani ještje, da je ljude uzizavljani i uzizavljani mjeh ljudi a drugi mjeh ljudi, ja se pokazim u sepulji za 그�ada. Zatim, je to već već očinit, da uzizavljani i prvno o ljubim kontekstu, ljubim nekada i prijauriti. This includes the sort of development, the, and even includes the wider discussion that the different stakeholders can have with each other. The development of these practical approach can be summarized. I do apologize, I know these are quite a lot of bullet points and it's very early in the morning, so the goals and desires and targets are need to be specified and need to be specified quite clearly. učinati informacije o učinju i učinju, učinjih polutanske je nekaj i čijelj, i kako moguš učiniti učinje od učinja, je to je već nekaj. Nećuš svakvati scenarii učiniti kako se kako se učiniti učinje i učinje učinje učinje. Učinjamo se na to. Nećuš učiniti učinje učinje učinje učinje učinje ljubi i učinje i učinje, a i učinje učinje učinje. Učinjamo se učinje ljubi u komisijistice, je to se potrebno povijedno.acağızodırno odnijetne mesi, lepa što pomizučenia i nam malim zavodom asma što je potrebno, u mnohim hybridi bitnih meritija. If possible, we got to identify the integrated benefits. Fajnog, u ključOK, we got to identify all the relevant stakeholders and engage with those stakeholders in the process. Kada smo sreću o političniju, ne musim se odvijediti drugi kontekst. Ne musim se odvijediti načinje kontekstu, ali ne musim se odvijediti načinje kontekstu. Kada smo sreću načinje kontekstu, EUR Kualiti Policiju, EU Climate Policiju, UNF triple C. To je vrlo več importanta, to je več importanta kvalitetu, i ovaj dialog, i ovaj considerativ. To je kvalitičniju političniju, i to se učinje, kako smo se odvijediti, kako smo se učinje, da smo se odvijediti pravno učinje. Kako smo se odvijediti, da smo se odvijediti načinje kontekstu, da smo se odvijediti načinje kontekstu, da smo se odvijediti načinje i nek standsu to ne apareko. ONKRA mojunevanje slijega, and the reason why it's one of my favorites slides is because I've seen how well it can work when we are working together with the different countries. Type of approach that we take is that when we are looking into the different assessments, when we are working with the countries to produce different reports, we take a very specific approach, and this is to start by seeing the data that is available i izgledajte basi i historijalne data.  Kad sami naši dokumentu načinu da možemo otvoriti u ovom informaciju. I ovdje, koji imam, sve najbolje uvijednice u ovom procesu je da možemo stavljenje basi i scenarii. I značili smo, da imamo mnog uvijednje opcija. Uvijednje je uvijednja izgleda s Serbija, da ćeš vidjeti. Ovo je uvijednja o ovom struku.  Oasto izgleda se u svog transportu i je too, su u pravi postupje, hrožne, spesivnih transporciju sektoru, je uključiti globalno. To je počučenje mesurji, koji je stavljeno učiniti učiniti mesurje u transporciju sektoru. Učinimo, sektor je uključiti u uključiti subsektoru. Zato, na zemljenju transporcija, uključiti, i da se počutiti uključiti i uključiti mesurje, ali i uključiti tehnologije, praktice i uključiti i oključiti uključiti tehnologije. Uključiti to su slučajte ovdje tehnologije. Uključiti otvorili sektoru uključiti uključiti. Oključiti residencije sektoru, industrija i uključiti. Uključiti to je počutica, koji je velika u svoju kraju, koji smo svojili. A za najbolje, za najbolje... Da, svojte svojte svojte svojte svojte i svojte svojte i svojte svojte svojte svojte svojte svojte svojte. Svac bir getting more slides on the same issues to show the waste management and the waste sector as well. I think I've got very few slides left, so in terms of policies to implement measures these can be grouped under five categories. We have the regulatory approaches, we have the planning approaches, informational approaches to increase awareness, retText Watch, economic or market ribbon approaches. And then there are the voluntary approaches. And I'm sure that you can understand that these are relevant to one or more stakeholders and anyone who engages with this type of discussion. When it comes to the regulatory approaches and again I please accept my apologies for the busy slide. The approach includes rules on standards defined allowable levels of emissions U borjegu je ene postančite i je to pravdje osnijeg. Okonomenu u drugim značnju užite je, užite to su očinno hija njat Afon Savica. Proste u njej postančitlje začinili prizgodne... učiniti učiniti učiniti učiniti učiniti začiniti. Brovi je nekoliko začinaju. Užite učiniti učiniti očiniti. Saints can be done in quite a lot of different ways by disseminating information to the public in easily accessible formats or by looking into different types of behavior chains or anything that can generate the momentum to drive chains forward on a different level. Finally, we have of course the voluntary approaches which typical involve the different agreements between private companies or industry association or da je uvanje i modima u vrame. To je odgleda je vrano u vidišku da se uvanje priječy pastovani implementacija da treš pitim i da se uvanja tajšcibe malihčke implementacije. I ovaj je uvanje uvanje uvincima. To je je vrana, koji se prima, da se je uvanja na Serbija pavna.  Vrlo sve, koji smo vrlo vrlo svoj kraju, znači, da smo sve uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih. i to je vrlo niske, da se bi se svoje učinili, od ljudeši čangodne pvd. I dan su ti pričačiti, i povijek, začinili se to je niske. Zatim, odmah, koji smo počinili s Serbijanjim expertom učinili svoj učinaj za vrljavno-plutneh, načiniju. I ovdje sam gdje možem da se svali, da smo svoječili svoječi u svoječnih konvenšnog submješnog data. Zdaj, što je uvijek, je da, kada smo svoječi svoječnih, i kada sektore i svoječnih je uvijek, to je uvijek svoječnog uvijek i svoječnih i svoječnih. U njenim, mi je zanome i zabijek bio Sandislava Stoviće i homožena Stoviće. Kada mi je njega, bih je kažem od stavljenju, danas je u odmisku, kurio jel vindu za njiščke prijateljne, za stavljenje, i za stavljenje na njiščim prijatelje. there are different implementations of policies, and there are administrative barriers Deser Tag extends vap place around their experts, into five words and present as part of the discussion. I think this slide shows how the previous slides that were a bit more general can be implemented on a country specific example and a country specific case and hopefully znači, da je taj horaj, taj horaj, znači, od 2020 do 2050. To možete otvoriti, otvoriti, otvoriti, znači, progredi, učinati, u njih planu, u njih prioritijeriju. Mamo jednu slijda, i to je moja ljude. Znači, ne, to je njiha slijda, možete opolizirati. Znači, da imamo učiniti policije. i se nije to, da je to dobro, već odnijedno u Athens, da je to da je vrlo vrlo interesirano.  Ovo gleda je završena da je podestrinio ndovo je začunat v starosti i t paprika المоћање. Maћи učинату систему од паји. Učинату систему од паји, u svima света. Система система система система, u svima света система,啊 да бачит у бачите, која бачите од пајом. After it was implemented, and everything was put in place, and the pedestrianization had happened, there were quite a lot of problems that became obvious in Athens. The traffic was... The congestion of traffic was moved to other points of the city. There were quite a lot of difficulties with the buses, with the bus routes. And it created an overall Shift of negative sentiment, despite the fact that it looked very nice. It was quite a lot of green. u centrumi uvijednih učinatom.  Uždyš da se je uvijedno, da je hvačo uvijedna, i što je uvijedno, i kroz drugi, i politije, i modigacije. Učinaj svoj bilo otakljeno od koncu, uvijedno uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih. To je uvijednija, da je da se uvijednija, On li kvaliki lakila, a to je gospodili s turismom. I dovolje neka mora se Žiniti. Ovo je nekako dar prodovna strategija, neko pećnog plana. Broj i već šta razlice djeli. Uvidim o zvukom, ali možete imati komunizacije. Da. Zgleda imam pravje. I will just move to that final one just to say that by working in this way with the countries that we work with we, there is a lot of opportunities to increase the mitigation ambition and I think this is something that coronals mentioned and I will finish with this slide. Thank you very much for your attention. Kvala, kvala Eleni za prezentaciju. Stik to the time they have been given. The next presentation is the improvement of air quality and prevention of emissions experience from Estonia. I call our panelist, Laurie Tamnista, who has a huge experience in this area to present this topic. You have the floor. Yes, thank you very much and hopefully it will work. So thank you for inviting me and listening listening to the your experience and the previous presentations. I feel so many similarities. The story is really familiar to me. I think Estonia has gone started from with the same problems and undergone, I think, a long and interesting story of transition. And I will try to share some of the lessons learned from that kind of our journey in improving air quality and curving emissions. So how did it all start? Next slide please. So in 1991 Estonia marks this year the 30 years of regaining the independence of the collapse of Soviet Union. And we started out with huge environmental problems and legacy of pollution from Soviet time. So we had air pollution from Soviet style heavy industries. Next slide. We had one of the most CO2 intensive energy sectors in the whole world. I don't know because perhaps people don't know it, but Estonia used and still uses a little bit local oil shale. It's a fossil rock, which is even dirtier than coal. So burning oil shale and producing electricity and oil shale oil, it's even dirtier than using coal. And we had huge whole national energy infrastructure built on that fossil. Next. But it wasn't only air quality. We had environmental problems in all sectors. We had a huge, for example, legacy of Soviet military pollution. So Russia had military bases in Estonia, and there was no environmental standards. I think everything was going straight into the nature, so that was, you know, every possible pollution type you can think of, we had it. And in big quantities. Next slide. And also we had, you know, problems with hazardous waste, and we had, you know, also a nuclear submarine base in Estonia and nuclear waste issues. So really, really difficult position to start in 1991. Next.  Next one. But how is it going now? 30 years later. Next. No, one back, please. How's it going now? And although the numbers are really small on the screen, perhaps, what is the message is that compared to 1990, by 2018 in most of, whether we are looking at NOx or whether we are looking at the sulfur dioxide, whether we are looking at fine particles, whether we are looking at black carbon. Actually, in most of those areas, there has been a drop of 60%, 64%, 53%, 45%, and so on. So a really significant drop in major air pollutants. Next one. So the greenhouse gas emissions have dropped. And even more recently, 2019, there was a significant drop in CO2 emissions. And in 2020, even further reductions in CO2 emissions, which were related very much to European emission trading system and the CO2 price increasing in that European system. So all these trends have been going on. And very importantly, the share of renewable energy has been growing as well very much. So mostly the fastest growth has been in wind energy, but also biomass energy. We have combined heat and power plants in all of the major cities. So it's providing district heating, but also producing electricity. In 2020, we had a record growth in solar panels. I think more than 300 megawatts of solar panels were installed in Estonia. So what is now, the result of it is that mostly air quality is good. Not always, not in all cities, especially Tallinn, which is the capital city, biggest city, and closely to these oil shale areas in the northeastern part of Estonia. There are times and periods and regions where you have air quality being moderated to that. But overall, you would say still that there has been a significant improvement. And very often, I remember the Estonian debate, all the environment standards, all they will somehow hinder the economic growth and we should get rich first and then let's talk about the environment. So probably you have the simulant debate. So the answer was it at the expense of economy? The short answer is no, actually it wasn't. Next slide. But if you look at all the kind of critical numbers, then actually there has been in addition to this environmental transformation, there has been also economic transformation. So the GDP growth has been very fast. There has been clearly, of course, there was the 2008 global economic downturn, but if you look then really the GDP kind of from the 6,000-something euro level to more than 20,000 euro per capita. Or if you look at the average wage, which is in the middle, the small graph, we started the national average wage was below 200 euros in 1990. Now it's more than to 1,400. And Estonia ranks number one in tax competitiveness index in the world. If you look at the e-government solutions, different technological kind of rankings, Estonia again ranks really high. So it has been overall kind of transformation story. But what have been the key drivers to this success? Next one. So yes, one part is clearly the economic restructuring. I mean the big inefficient Soviet-style industries, very many of them collapsed or phased out or had to reinvest into new technologies, better technologies, find new markets, new competitive niches. Then also there was a huge decrease in the agriculture sector and very big increase in kind of knowledge intensive services. Estonia is now very strong and very digital. We have IT companies, which are export oriented, working globally, attracting foreign investment. This is all part of it, kind of changing the economic structure into cleaner, more innovative knowledge intensive sectors as well. And definitely this is, I think, an issue or challenge for your country that not only to deal with the current environmental issues in whatever domain, but it's also about changing the business models. Really the green economy, it's not a kind of hype word, it's a reality. Global markets are changing, all the investors, all the clients, they are demanding and want sustainable businesses to work in a sustainable fashion. If you're export oriented, not only working on domestic market, it's a must. You have to do it and it will bring along also the positive environmental changes through that pressure from export markets. But obviously you need to complement that with other policies as well. So I would say that carrot and the stick, as they say in English, was there. Definitely the EU joining preaccession processes and joining was a very fundamental.  So the EU accession meant that we had to kind of revamp or get our legislative requirements all to the European level, meaning introducing several new limitations, regulations in place. And this puts a strong pressure again to change the practices in business sector as well. But it wasn't only requirements, it was also very strong financial support. Throughout the 90s there was a support from international donors, but we also had a benefit of environmentally thinking neighbors. Finland and Sweden both provided assistance back then towards the environmental programs and the investments to create environmental infrastructure. And then it was also in addition to that very important to put in place transparent and well functioning governance system. Because you can have the best strategies in the world. Strategy is important. It's important to think out what is your focus, how do we solve. Strategy is nothing without a good implementation. So you need to have the tools and organizational setup for implementation. And I think Estonia managed to do that quite well. Next slide. So, as I was saying, the current and stick part that if you look at the historical development and then the early 2000s, this was the key time where most of important legislative acts were introduced. And really there was a wide ranging then investments.  But what was also important, Estonia introduced the national kind of own environmental taxation system. And these revenues went also back to financing environmental projects. So it was everything, water quality, it was the waste quality, it was the air quality, but it was also forestry, it was environmental education and awareness. So that was a national fund created national agency for environmental investments. And actually before SCI, I worked for four years financing these kind of solving environmental problems. Yes, next slide please. And the governance system. As I was saying, you need good strategy, but even more so I think you need a very good kind of governance system. So what Estonia currently has is that you have the minister of environment that is responsible for creating the legal framework, representing Estonia at the EU level and then transposing the legislative directives and other legal instruments into national legislation. Then very importantly you have environmental board who is responsible for permits and compliance check. And there it's also very important that we have now the system in place where whenever you plan to invest into a new, whether it's industry or energy infrastructure that most likely will pollute and then you need to get the permit for that, you set out the parameters within which you have to abide and then you report every year and you are being checked whether you comply or not. And then there's also environmental agency who is responsible for monitoring analysis, doing the statistics, doing the air quality monitoring and the networks regarding that. I was saying also I think a vital part of that system is that there has been for more than 20 years now environmental investment centre for which all these kind of current programs have been financed. That has been I think very crucial for making the change happen because very many things indeed it's not realistic to expect that all the private households do the investments or the companies do the investments if it's currently cheaper to use the dirtier technologies still. And if I look back, if I compare for example the case of Estonia, why Estonia has perhaps been in certain aspects quicker than some other countries who started from 1991 in similar position or if you look at Bulgaria or Romania or some other countries then I think that the commitment to that we work on expertise base that we don't try to politicize every decision or politicize kind of I don't know these funding agencies and really no tolerance for corruption working on that. If you look at international rankings Estonia is one of the least corrupt of the kind of former Soviet sphere. So I think this kind of that let's set aside the political who knows who which is a it's obviously it was a thing in the 90s in a small country setting connections always matter but kind of the commitment that we will not take advantage that and we will commit to the expertise and merit based system I think this is actually also very important part why Estonia also has been very successful in implementing for example EU structural funds. And if you look this because not all countries the lot of funding that EU gives to member states and those in the catching up and transition phase and not all countries can manage to absorb and use this funds they get the pace is too slow they get somehow stuck in a bureaucracy but in Estonia you'll see historically one of the highest rates again of the funds used and I think this is because of that that commitment can we go one slide back just to mention some of the things perhaps this is of interest how we tackle because it was very much the air pollution in Estonia was related to energy sector and transport as well but the heating part was and electricity part was very big so on electricity side it was kind of enforcing the national requirements setting limits to pollution allowed but then on a heating level and cities level it was really focusing on the district heating side because this is what you can change and get a fast impact so in most of Estonian cities by now all the district heating has been switched to biomass and switched away from heavy oil or coal usage and also phasing out gas and putting in place in modern technologies and then also improving the efficiency improving the piping because there were many losses so if you decrease the losses you decrease the need for burning fuel also improving the energy efficiency because again the more energy efficient is your housing stock the less you need to use primary energy to fuel that but also that have been direct not only district heating but the house is not connected to district heating like bigger apartment housing installation of modern either heat pumps or solar technologies then there has been also private households different investment support programs but very often also linked to energy efficiency and then on transport side that has been switching to bio methane buses so it's local renewable fuel and cleaner than diesel now that has been for in recent years there has been also electric vehicle infrastructure creation electric vehicle subsidy program so historical that has been through different phases but it all started out from strong focus on district heating but now over the last five years that has been much wider range of programs also looking at industry energy efficiency in the industry because as you solve some of the big bits then you go to the smaller sources of pollution but this is how we started out by taking the biggest air pollution sources tackling focusing with the programs and legislation on them and as these changes occurred then going to the smaller bits but then i would say the next ten years for Estonia definitely an issue is rather a better city planning that you would have less of this forced mobility if you have bad city planning or bad public services planning then you have to drive your kids to the kindergarten or to school at the other end of the city or commuting back and forth and when you can do the better planning of the services then you start also cutting away one part additional part of the solution but this is kind of i would say the next challenges for Estonia next slide and next so this has been the story of Estonia and i am really confident that if we could do it then i wish everyone success with it and happy to support it thank you hvala lauri mislim da smo čuli jako i believe we heard very useful information with concrete measures and focus on some of the very important elements in succeeding in improving air quality and i am sure that we can use some of those especially when you underline that you have an expert based approach and have a zero tolerance to corruption in this sector i believe we will have questions for Mr. Lauri as well we can learn a lot from Estonian experience since we had the same baseline almost but of course constitutional setup of Bosnian Hezegovina is special and we cannot completely copy your approach but we can learn a lot from your approach i would now invite the next panelist Mr. Christian Nagel coming from the Austrian government agency and to give us presentation called plans and measures for air quality improvement current good practices we have Q&A questions already and i will use this opportunity while you prepare yourself for presentation to tell them to post questions under Q&A section thank you thanks a lot for the introduction as Mr. Uzika said work for the environment agency in Austria and i am also part of the EPPA the environmental partnership program for accession program where Bosnia is also a member and colleagues from Bosnia took part in the workshops we conduct under the EPPA project and workshop dealt also with air quality directive and where we presented some thoughts about air quality plans and measures current good practice examples in Europe so next slide please so i will shortly talk about some general considerations you already heard a little bit about it from a lot from lauri for my previous speakers eleni also interaction with climate measures is extremely important and then some panels and guidance documents on European level and activities of European institutions and good practice examples for domestic heating as this is an important source in Bosnia and it is important to push politicians and finally a little bit about traffic awareness racing learning from the Covid-19 pandemic and also a nice project also from France about climate but i think what we can learn from this project is valid for air quality as well so next slide please if air quality has to be improved it's important especially when we talk about particulate matter that we have an engagement on all levels so this is an example of Croatia model calculations and we are PM concentration levels come from so we have international contributions we have national, we have urban and we have local contributions so all these different levels have to work together for NO2 and SO2 it's mainly urban or local but still the framework, the legislation is mainly most often done on a national level so also here the cooperation is important next slide please we already heard about the importance of climate policies and these are largely beneficial for air quality so a recent calculation for the European Union for the 27 European member states has shown that if we implement strict climate measures on European levels so if we transform our energy system from fossil fuels to clean and renewable sources there will be no further costs for air quality measures in 2050 on the contrary we have a large benefit for air quality for public health next slide please so some general guiding principles for air quality measures is that it's first of all the emissions should be reduced at the source so in the factory the vehicle should be cleaner the household heating should be cleaner the next step of less importance is that the concentrations should be reduced that can be done for example by noise barriers and the least optimum approach would be to reduce the exposure so to tell people to avoid certain areas to stay inside to avoid busy roads and things like that so this is probably the least preferable option next slide please so overall the guiding principles we have seen in the recent years to be important is that the pollutants different pollutants like PM10 as a particular matter or sulphur dioxide they should be tackled together and it's important to cooperate with different authorities with neighboring communities to learn from each other but measures should be certainly taking at that level where it's most efficient and as climate change is a major driving force it's important to have coherent approaches between all different policies between climate change, transport, energy, noise quality of life so that always the same data is used and the measures don't contradict each other health data is important to find political support and in general strong political support in public support is important for the successful implementation as we have heard from the previous speaker as well and indicators to monitor the success of individual measures and for your overall plan is also an important success factor and one has to keep in mind that the main goal to improve air quality is to improve public health and not only comply with the limit value at a certain air quality monitoring station and we also have to keep in mind that data will never be perfect but reduction of air pollutants is always beneficial for human health so we can't wait until the data is better but we can act already now so next slide please thanks so there's a set and we have already heard about some programs there's a lot of examples available in Europe and what I will present is just a subjective selection of some of this vast amount of material available and it's at least important that this is also what the workshop appears about to learn from the experience from other countries and it's also important to see that really courage is necessary that trials and experiments are useful tools failures are possible but this should not discourage anyone from implement measures and try different approaches next slide please so one source of interesting material is the expert panel for clean air and cities which is has been implemented under the UNEC Convention on Long Range Transponder Air Pollution as people have seen that there are similar problems in many cities throughout the world so for example domestic heating is a major focus in many cities and regions ammonia reduction helps also to reduce urban background levels and things like that so next so there's already been two workshops within these expert panels and all the presentations are available and you can find the links in the presentation also another interesting program by the trying research center of the European Commission the GLCs currently developing their quality management guidelines so to summarize the existing knowledge to identify key challenges for different regions and cities throughout Europe and also to establish the link between the particular measure then how are the changes for how does this affect the emission of this specific source and how does that change then the exposure of the population as this data is still in Europe also not available so next slide please and the GLC guidance document also tries to identify some key challenges that many countries and regions in Europe face so this is for example the quantification of measures so there are uncertainties regarding the emissions the compliance when will we comply with the limit values what are the health impacts and also reliable scenarios and projections for quality concentrations for emissions how will they develop in future it's not easy to get and also source apportionment for particulate matter really to have quite certain so this helps to identify the most cost effective measures so for that you need to know what sources contribute how much to your PM levels and also these guidance documents try to cover some general issues such as ensuring that there will be really a green recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and all the money that is now put into subsidies that this is used to really change our way of life towards a more greener and less polluting one next slide please so domestic heating this is certainly source that is underestimated by public industry traffic so this is more of named as the major sources for air pollution but domestic heating especially wood burning or coal burnings of underestimated but also that the data quality is much worse compared to traffic it's often not clear what fuel is used how much of the fuel is used in which appliances and further problem is that we have long renewal cycles of heating systems and there's also social issues because often poor people have to use low quality fuels as they are cheaper some good practices of course awareness campaigns because the operation of manual appliances is crucial for the emissions maintenance, inspection and if you ban solid fuel for climate change it's better not to change to another fossil fuel but shift immediately to zero emission technologies ok next slide please and one nice example of awareness raising program project was done by steering colleagues who showed how the user can influence the emission and for that they build a domestic heating demonstration laboratory next slide please with which they went to small villages where wood burning is predominant and people could experiment with different heating systems and installed sensors to see what is the impact of different ways to operate the heating system next slide please and they also prepared a small device and smartphone app so that the users can monitor their heating behavior and to build up a database and to see what is the impact if they change their behavior next slide please another very interesting awareness raising program which i think is also in general awareness raising is important to really to get public and political support for the implementation of measures and so the participation of public and the stakeholders is key and element for success and this is i think also what this project is about and one of such an example is the so-called curious noises so that the curious noses project in that verb where citizens monitor NO2 levels with the help of very cheap devices and that clearly gave a much better picture of the NO2 pollution in Antwerp and it clearly showed that the official data did not cover some of the NO2 hotspots within the city so next slide please thanks another very interesting example is the french citizen conventional climate this has the goal to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions to 40% until 2030 and what they did they randomly selected 150 citizens throughout France and this convention was supported by a governance committee and legal experts by professionals in city participation and guarantors to oversee the neutrality and sincerity of the debates and this next slide please and this convention had seven sessions to inform the citizens about the problem and then to define solutions and to finalize the study next slide please and the last summer report was published with in total 150 general proposals so very a lot of materials so this convention was very active and covering traffic consumption, housing work production and I think the most interesting thing here is that the convention came up with measures that were maybe thought before and it's political not possible to implement such measures but the citizen thought that this is the most these are the most effective measures so we will have to implement them and for example such measures are general speed limit of 100 kmh on motorways and massive investment to modernize the infrastructure and end of domestic flights within France in four years time and ban of marketing of high-emitting vehicles so these are very interesting examples which maybe politicians would not allow to propose next slide please and this is already hopefully this is the next slide no, previous slide please was not sure if it's already the next slide and also for housing and buildings all boilers all oil and coal boilers have to be changed but until 2030 which is in nine years in new and renovated buildings and they also encouraged to limit the use of heating and air conditioning so less to make the rooms cooler during winter time and less and warmer during summer time to save energy and also the development of shopping areas which is an important driver for traffic and so to summarize this approach has shown is that they are well prepared and well conducted process with clear objectives can really lead to very surprising far reaching results next slide please so and what the Covid pandemic has also already been mentioned and what we can learn here is that some measures plans for long but never been really implemented were now implemented very fast so to replace flight traveling by video conferences, temporary bike lanes and also the start of the redistribution of public space to allow for keeping a safe distance and of course home office is much more widespread than it is before but green recovery will be crucial to avoid login effects when we put all the money into the economy next slide and one nice example maybe of kind of experiment to change public space was done in Vienna last summer where swimming pool was built between two very busy roads and to allow for a new view how public space can be used ok, next slide and also another interesting example is that the mayor of Paris was re-elected in 2020 with a clear focus on ecology, solidarity and engagement and with a far reaching bicycle program and a far reaching program which aims at giving priority for pedestrians instead of cars next slide please the same holds too for the Berlin mobility law which was introduced in 2018 and which was based on initiative by one single person who wanted to shift the focus from the car centered mobility to an overall mobility so the main elements are to shift to a general view on mobility to road safety to inclusion and to quality of life and to redistribute the public space so that also the active modes of transport and the environmental friendly mobility has enough space within the city and finally one example from Sweden which is in that sense of interest as they made a framework for a long term planning of environmental zones so it was clear that when a city implements an environmental zone for vehicles above 3.5 tons then until a certain date which is known many years before the owner of this trucks and buses are not allowed to enter the city so this really helps to have a long term planning which is important for commercial facilities next slide urban traffic in that some general views on that there is a European platform that provides a vast amount of successful examples of sustainable mobility plans and we really have to think about shifting of the car center thinking towards mobility needs and promote active transport modes which is good for health anyhow special problem are diesel vehicles as they are very dirty up to Euro 5 when it comes to nitrogen oxide emissions so it's important not to use the old vehicles that are banned maybe in some western European countries and then import those vehicles and use them within your country ok this brings me to the final slide to summarize and conclude so there is a large number of European national and regional examples available data gaps and uncertainty should not hamper the implementation of the measures so you should not wait for the perfect data and citizen also citizen involvement is important tool to achieve acceptance and covid measures has shown that change is possible within a very short period of time and so and this ongoing discussion about the redistribution of public space which is I think important for our quality as well goes on in many cities in Europe thanks and I only have to say that I have to leave in 10 minutes so if you have questions please ask them now send me an e-mail then I will certainly try to answer your question vala, vala Cristiane bjerujem da je thank you Cristian I believe that other participants were happy to hear the illustration of very specific measures and those which we did not have an opportunity to consider Cristian will remain for other 10 minutes with us and the time for break is over I should suggest that we ask questions to Cristian and then we will have a short break of 10 minutes and continue our discussion until 11.30 now I will try to summarize nine questions or see which of these questions should be asked from Cristian we have several questions regarding gender now I would like to ask one general question and ask Cristian to answer these policies that were presented do they include EU gender equality strategy 2025 I have to say that I don't know that for sure but in general I would assume that this is the case because in all European project that has to be considered so that's sorry that's all I can say I didn't I have to admit that I didn't follow up on that I don't know I don't know thank you very much for your answer if you could please answer the next question next to which extent what are the cases filed to the court regarding air pollution at EU level how often the courts deal with and lawsuits regarding air pollution if I understood well the questions that we received and what were the verdicts in most cases there are some ongoing cases against European member states for infringement of the air quality directive there have been already some verdicts against I am not sure 2, 3, 4 countries for member states for breaching and extended breaching of PM10 levels or in the two levels and for not having an air quality monitoring network according to the European directive and but as this is a 3 stage process it takes quite a lot of time it takes many years until the verdict is published has been found and so it's a process that might be streamlined in future but on national level I think especially in Germany court laws this bringing the administration to court helped a lot to foster the implementation for example of low emission zones in Germany so this was a strong driving force the lawsuits by different citizens so it helps but it's a long term process hvala na odgovorima možda još jedno pitanje da thank you for your answers perhaps one more question we should share with you but as you said we have to leave the question is how do you restrict emissions from household stoves in EU and do you have any restrictions regarding the height of these stoves the in Europe all new appliances have to fulfill the so-called eco design directive the eco design regulations with certain emission limit values and then there are in those countries where it's mostly of most importance there are then on top of national regulations for maintenance for subsidies for inspections and things like that or for example it has been in Sweden for large scale district heating apply for district heating systems and so this mainly so these are mainly the two approaches and then of course fuel quality standards not to do and but this is certainly a sector which is not that much regulated on a European scale compared to vehicles so this eco design directive is relatively new and before that it was mainly done on national local regional levels for example in Krakau where they implemented a solid fuel the same for Dublin where they implemented also a ban since I think 20 years already now but the second question I didn't quite get that the second part of the question could you repeat that please the question was if you had cases of limiting the height of new buildings in towns that the number of floors the height of buildings oh good question I know that this is regulated as far as I know strictly on national and local level and I know it only from my hometown Vienna where there are restrictions for certain areas so in certain areas only up to specific buildings can only be up to specific height but I'm not a specialist in that so this is the only general answer I can give Thank you Christian we wish you a nice day and regarding our webinar I suggest that we make a very short break shorter than in visit 10.55 and then we can continue with our discussion in the meantime while we are at the break you don't need to log out and you should remain linked and you can send us question to Q&A box and please ask questions in our language we have translation and I would not like to interpret your questions thank you very much and I'll hear you again at 10.55 Dakle u ovom dijelu je predvijedna disku for Q&A session under agenda thank you for posing questions in Q&A we were able to answer them through the questions there is a discussion there commenting the questions have several questions posed and directed to us in charge of the developing of the environmental strategy the first questions is there is a lack of monitoring network of air quality we want to know whether the strategy will identify the need to adopt a methodology for defining locations of monitoring stations we need to underline that in that segment we use participatory approach unlike traditional approach in this case we work in a way from the very beginning all stakeholders and interested parties are included and jointly create with the leading experts objectives, goals and measures so in taking into account the identified issue I'm sure that at the next working group meeting for air quality we will propose measures so we identify the problem the problem is that there is insufficient or lack of monitoring lack of network for monitoring of air quality so this network needs to be developed and that measure needs to be defined in participatory approach at our session also several other questions directed to us who will this strategy take into account new goals identified in EU I don't know which concrete goals you were referring to whether that's the reduction of the pollutant emissions or GHG emission reduction but as I said previously it all comes down to the working group the moderators nor I can say we are going to take these goals into account in terms of quantitative reduction of emissions or improvement of an aspect for air quality so I repeat this is an issue to be tackled during discussion at the working group session also another question which refers to situation is there any progress in meeting Bosnia-Dazkina as the top which is convention on exceedance at least on sub-national level probably referring to the entity level when they say sub-national level in additional comment say it's very active in Sweden so I really hope that in future we will be able to initiate some of the activities in Bosnia-Dazkina as well according to my information I mean it's relative what the progress is and what is not but I can conclude that there is no significant progress some activities are under preparation and we will see how to move forward when it comes to other questions directed to us I think that's it and now we can hear other questions I'll start with a question for Mr. Tamista says during implementation of the energy efficiency measures in the housing sector and switching to cleaner heating technologies what was the support of the state in terms of co-funding of these programs including the funds from Estonia, EU, Norway and similar and how much citizens participate you can give an answer also in an average shares percentage are the incentives by state were important in terms of accelerating the process of introduction of green technologies and improving their quality it was a longer question but I hope you understood for is yours Mr. Tamista yes thank you if I understood correctly and you were asking what was the percentage of the government subsidy and then actually it was even up to 85% of the total investment it could vary that in some of the smaller districts it was higher and in bigger district heating districts because the economies of scale and the efficiency was higher the share of support was lower but yeah it was kind of between 40% and 85% so it was relatively high share of support and it was mostly directed towards companies this district heating part so district heating companies most of them were own municipally municipality, local government owned the heating but in but now most of those district heating regions have been privatized and they are owned by companies obviously private sector was more interested in starting from bigger cities where you have lots of customers and a good decent network and mostly the problematic small ones is nobody wanted to buy and these were managed by municipalities and now what is happening is that now that most of the boiler houses have been switched then actually government started also giving support from exiting from district heating if you have only very small municipality you have a school house and four apartment houses nowadays heat pumps and micro solutions will be more efficient than keeping the lines where you have the energy losses so it was a historically a different process that you started out with big subsidies for companies for municipality owned and then started going also switching out the district heating and then towards the kind of private cities and so only later such programs started but there have been programs but as i was explaining they are very often related to also energy efficiency and there the support has been let's say between 40 to 60% of the total investment Hvala Hvala na odgovoru mislim da je po entirano i bilim da u što se tiče ostalih pitanja da je predozno oz. i Mr. Lauri opravljala oz. da je oz. oz. oz. da je oz. swollen os njalda njal insisted njal애 njalda uminjelaр tendu ju Chan do popomiru svojnje uključi, ne muslim to išlaći. Ono da, to je odljavno, odljavno videt se na papri, a kad je to što se je ukljavno ukljavno. Da sam svišljala, začali mi u ministrije ekonomi 2004, i je bilo od nas da se je vrlo značili. Ispašno, kao je program, ukljavno, ovo sam je da propronirati gendar, i svojoj ulijbice, otvore o glasbi i zaviraciji. Prvi bilo kao faktike, prinsipariusije u kaos programov i aktiviracije ogledati. I ovdje učinu, se stavio 모 se pretjevicu... Ali nisam čao skupam. Ja nema još već, da i ovdje, otvorila se na vrati igrašacom, i izgledam, a Estonija nekako je velika, da je je sve uvrstanje tijegi vročna. Izgledaš da uvrstva Estonija, kako se uvrstva je svakama vrstva... Uvrstva se uvrstva za mnijegu i svakog dvijeka... To je bilo kako, a neko je, Estonija neko neko je nekošla. Ja Wouldn't say, this is an area where Estonia needs to improve. Now for the programing for 2021 and 2027 structure in front of the programs... Estonia is currently putting together the strategy. It's a little bit early to say how good Estonia is this time, in terms of strategic planning. ali, da nekako na 4 mnogu, Estonija se da bila prismog planu i da se da se znači kako je igrašno začinat. Znači, sve njih ne je bilo što dobro. Kvala na odgovoru i na elaboraciju. Ovo je svoja ješta i pristina. I druga značitva je, da smo je značiti Estonija. Značitajte svoje prezice u miku Mr. Laudi. U procentu je, koliko nekaj nuklejnji svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje svoje. direk tjerao. 11. Eletricije je bila najboljstva, da je dobro vjSilizacija ljubo-lazijska. Gda jezicija da uvijedite na pod rootniciju energi i nr. 2 koji je granova do njih radu. Ovo areupijase i unijini, financije, funditivna novj interprindu u Finlandu. I u 2009 Estonija ještjevala na Nordijc-Voltijcijanom marketu. Znači, njih njih njih njih njih njih njih njih njih njih Nordijcijan, Svijednje, Finlanda, Novoje, Denmarka i Estonija, i ještjevala Latvia, Lithuania i Interkonekti u elektricijama marketu. I to je hodnje, znači njih njih njih njih njih njih njih energijanom i se srećericijanom kanala, njih njih njih njih clima. BonoกCE recommending utroda. Sred i svoc ologu premačna uključa dobrofoti, da njećno ukljega je sve vrstva živ Yellow, pa sam i lokalni surčiti, kako je je stavila 100% produkacije elektricije od mojleti, koji opravo毫no je skončit.   Estonija stavljamo svoje EU uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih. Je nji no i nesto Česke od nekaba. Speljco je sve doorala ki nama, hoći njoj uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih uvijednih.  Eleni, na floor je tvoja. Hvala, mnogo. Nisam što sam najmah nešto vidi, vjedeš po te njih, da je prijateljno. Zmavo se to najmah, da je prijateljno po svom razljavku. Na svoj njih njegakšljevacu je da je to več veči prijateljno, veči prijateljno i veči nječi prijateljno.  U druge sve je to sve imadno planu. Ovo je to sve planu nekaj. Koji mi očim imaš na sve, kado se izgleda za 2025, da se se stavila da se sve da pusti dobro na sve, ali i odličnog mjerova. Pa se da je to pokazano o uključenjem, uključenjem prijorišnjem i uključenjem tipu. Pogodila to svoju sve vrstvima, da se je razmavljano. A odljubi se nekako se vrstvim u ključe. Uključenje je uključenima od njega svog uključenja, od njega svog uključenja, Svijekam da se svala i svala to što je bilo medijelija i kolaboraciju u radnog expertu nationala. Ki se čekaj. Čvala, Eleni. Na odgovoru. Sve ti, Eleni. Mi se da je bilo još jedno pitanje. Sve da je bilo jedno pitanje. Ti će se ponovoprimeraestvoni. Očito da je primjeg Estonija, i to je bilo veliko interesovanje, Estonija mislim da se piče da je mnogo da. Example, Estonija rejde so mađi interes i to je o fundi Mr. Lari. Estonija sada, Estonija sada je usponila norvečke fundi i to je vrsta vrsta. Sada, Estonija sada je usponila norvečke fundi i to je bilo veliko interesovanje, i to je o fundi norvečke fundi. To je vrsta sada Mr. Lari. Mrs. Lari, sada. Sada, se sam dala ježeno sam pred dne oprima na rejde na norvečke fundi. Sada, njih grada pa je, učin, europeja, ekonomike, program i izland ki se njogada da je fundi. znači, da se svoje uvijednih ekonomijakom uvijednih ekonomijakom.  Znači, je to znači. I odvijednije, da uvijednih ekonomijakom uvijednih ekonomijakom, ali su učinati u korporaciju sve u uključiti prijatelje.  To bih se da, nekaj nema se nema nekaj nještih, Hvala, imamo. u svom svijevom sreťu moguša da isak projekta se učiniti i se skupirati o projekte na Bosnjih i Herzegovine, učiniti o učiniratavne kvaliteti. Mojdoću vam dobro ovdje za ovdje učinirati i svoju sreću da je to propoviti do sve učinku. For a equality. Outro je da treba tada to sve pričečno učinke učini. Ne smelimo to, ono za to, pa izpronavali nas u mojih monečników. Predo se dobro bratno učinke pričečno od pomovno našem, da treba sve učinku objektiv, medijegi i tajnje ljudi. To je za pravdje izgleda. Znači, znači, znači, znači, znači, znači, znači, znači. Kojコ je to može poživljeni i da je to problemiv Battery coastal. Se samoulo to, da se počljuva sk Lacroτού za putriice, o kljudi, koje is več後stajimo za stabniceh nights..! Поэтому Bristoli bićegeti nešto dodate onesa pohala, i se zuroklutiti do tajne plovri. Ala, Reneš, nám odgovoru i pojašljenju. Čakou Reneš, na MarianVEČ's máš tri otročtla. sada se je ovevrlo povjelje se programu. To nekako izvijemo jer se nekako izvijemo. Sada se njom kako izvijemo, ti možemo vjetiti, ali, jer ono mjeroj mora da se održivaći to, koji ne znači, znači, da je to kretike vrsta, u Bosniju i Herzegovina, kako je sve učinje, i to je umelice kapacitije, kapacitije, da učinje se učinje, učinje se učinje, a kako se učinje, učinje se učinje. da se je znači, da Lauri rečila toh listu institucija, što, u určitém 1990-u, opravila i opravila provečiti i opravila u ovom svičinu. reaching the question is just approximately, how many people, how many patients do you have who are directly responsible for improvement of air quality and how do other sectors contribute to this. da se učiniti sve sve učiniti, učiniti trafik, a da se učiniti sve učiniti, učiniti sve učiniti, učiniti sve učiniti, učiniti sve učiniti. Pobjedno, da se učiniti. To je to možete? Da, da. Da. Od videm announcement, koji je Mana MontEST, kad se učiniti pregradni presid oft relative puni. Kod sad (?) koji se opcusuje s misljanem accetivnuட učiniti i sve sve sve učiniti ionalite učiniti. Prada evtje regulatory ispatiji u videm Something teno objevaj, kontrolu, napravljenje, učinac, svoje programe... I da se nešto 10 ljudi, učinac učinac o učinacu. Učinac se objevajte da se učinac. I nema da je vrlo tečnog technologiju. Estonia je zbog što je učinac u učinacu.  Kako je učinati u aplikacijama, svoje je digitalne, učinati, nije nemožete u paperu aplikacijama na projekti. Ovo je učinati, učinati u svijetnih aplikacijama. Učinati u svijetnih aplikacijama. Odnihavilista svojoj, načinati u svijetnih aplikacijama. Prteo onoh Chicago'a načinati, kako da Thanks is MP, za odlič shot ljudi ov IM, engleda si začinati u svih pomečnikom pom deformacioni, i godne uvrdu tehnologije, to je uživite odmah. To ne musite poštiti 500 ljudi začiniti. Sve, da poštiti 500 ljudi, to je uživite ještje. Zatim, sve ještje svoje njomu uvrdu začiniti, da se je uživite poštiti koji je uziviti. A poštiti koji je uziviti u uvrdu začiniti. To je uzivite. Vrlo, to je.  Ne zame, ne. Sve nekada organizacije, strakčije, karna. Sve vrlo se našli končirati da su prišli. To je hodnja sada. Ono smo namočili uきštiti, da sami imaš da umelimo te ovoj pomoda, da sami sada mnogo stavljano. I na opoe bolo neko mnogo... Mešlice ekonomi, mešlice i setice ispravili po uključi, da smo se više svih nisakljih... Choć je chiputstva da se stavila. And also then there was created for example administrative coordinating structure, Prime Minister's office created kind of coordinating top officials body. And they discussed everything kind of when there was a problem between ministries they tried to solve it. And atop civil service level. So it's a, you know it's a process, ali da, da, nije počinite, da je nječe nije počinite, da je to da je dobro. Vala, Lauri, na volokorisnim informacijama i za nas. Čakaj, Lauri, za to uvijedno informacije, za nas, na Bosniji i na Zagovina, za svoje ljubi do zvonjegu. Profesor, nije dvije dve jazice, I would like to suggest that the technical support allows them to come forward. Perhaps they were not able to write their questions in the chat box or question and answer. Ms. Dušice Peshević, I would like to give her an opportunity to ask her question. Mr. Dušice Peshević. Pogledaš. To je ovdje, ovdje, ovdje, ovdje, ovdje, ovdje. Pogledaš. Pogledaš. Pogledaš. Pogledaš. Pogledaš.


What was your last set news? My name is Rob and today I want to talk to you about is how President Joe Biden is looking to raise taxes Exponentially pretty much doubling it. So we're gonna take a look at how USA is probably gonna get some pretty massive tax hikes I'm gonna take a look at 100 million to 1 million We're gonna take a look at how I don't pay any capital gains tax And I'm not talking about Puerto Rico and lastly we'll take a look at some positive things about how for the politicians And what's gonna happen in the midterm elections and what that's gonna lead to as far as the crypto and Traditional markets itself. So first things first. I just want to get this out the way USA is probably gonna get a big hit as far as taxes. There was a quick interview This is on Squawk box. Let me just play this for you. And this is what's going on with the Biden's tax proposal Taxing the wealthy would make the capital gains tax the highest in the world Robert Frank joins us now with more easy You're like a tax aficionado basically I am the tax man Joe president Biden has of course proposed and Proposed raising the top capital gains rate to the same level as ordinary income now combining the state taxes That plan would give the u.s. The highest capital gains tax rate in the world The president's plan calls for hiking the rate from 23.8 percent to 43.4 percent for any income over 1 million dollars Now most states also tax capital gains at ordinary income rate So according to the tax foundation state taxes would add an average of five percentage points to the federal Bringing the total combined rate to 48.4 percent that would be far and away The highest rate in the world that would pass denmark with 42 chili with 40 and france with 34 The u.s. Would also rank highest in the world for dividend taxes now since dividends come from after tax corporate profits The combined corporate and dividend tax rate would be over 65 percent that beats number two ranked ireland and south korea now the tax foundation saying Higher rates on individual shareholders reduce the return to savings and higher taxes on corporations Raise the cost of investment reducing savings and investment Now Joe you look at states like california new york new jersey They would all have combined capital gains rates of over 54 percent not to mention Many countries like singapore and new zealand that are moving toward zero capital gains taxes So this would be a competitive disadvantage for us investors if it happens Yeah, so there you go. So remember that even though we're talking about this It doesn't mean that it is guaranteed to happen That's the whole arts of negotiation They start very high and they meet in the middle But I do believe that uh, there's going to be some massive tax hikes coming forward and I always knew this would happen. I never thought that Crypto would go to zero and the government wants to to get rid of it because they want to tax it and get that money back And that's really what it comes down to and then also I remember this being a little bit differently When this bill first came out, it must be some provisions. It was supposed to be a hundred million dollars People who who made that much to be taxed in this way and now it's been dropped 50 million now to only one million dollars And this is actually from the tax foundation. I already linked in the description You can verify this and says the organization for economic cooperation development or OECD Uh, this will be the proposal but uh tax long-term capital gains Ordinary income for taxpayers with taxable income above one million and raise the top to 39.6 So just like we had heard in the interview that is true I thought it was uh mispronunciation But uh, absolutely not and also just remember that even though you're paying federal taxes on your capital gains Long-term or short-term. Don't forget if you live in these states, you're also going to get dinged for a lot more So california is out of whopping 13.3 percent Your jersey tempers at washington dc 10.7 now We know why michael so I didn't want to pay tax in washington dc Oregon 9.9 and so on and so forth So you're looking at a pretty hefty price tag as they move those things up And that would leave me to my last or second last point Which is how i'm not paying any capital gains tax and not because of port orico now as you know We live in port orico, but we vacation in texas and uh, there's no capital gains taxes over there Now things could change there's been rumblings of things going on and those provisions could could be wiped out However with roth iras. Uh, these have been around for for decades now This is exactly what a lot of people have done To save their wealth and what I use is this thing that's spinning above my head right here open a crypto ira It's with itruss and itruss capital There's a link in the description looks just like this and in that uh, that description You can find a deep dive into itruss and how it all works and how peter teal The famous billionaire investor actually used a roth ira to save billions of dollars For his retirement now with and then of course there's a link then you can use it to sign up Get a hundred dollars just for opening up a roth ira account. So just to be sure this is for you Just know that on top of putting your crypto into your to a roth ira You can also stake your crypto and right now they have it as a polka dot I just know that there are some fees associated with that but imagine The price appreciation for crypto that you have in your roth ira You can also stake your polka dot and that's what they have right now. They don't have anything else right now yet But if you could stake other things that would also be Taxed exempt you can protect your assets with a simple storage six billion transactions I five thousand accounts created. I am one of those I've had to want mine for almost two years now You can buy and sell all the different types of crypto and of course This is the big one institutional grade crypto custody. They use coin based custody and fire blocks And coin based I believe is the one for michael sailor and michael strategy They have 320 million insurance policy 42 million insurance policy with fire blocks So I hope you don't have more more than that and here's all the different cryptos that you can use You can please look at those Axi decentralized bitcoin chain link polka dots You've got polygon tazos avalanche Oh avai algorand bitcoin cash chain compound cosmos curved out I mean you if you think about it you have got a lot and also they have physical gold and silver as well so There's a lot of different options for you and then Lastly, there's a video like I said in the description which will describe you There's between a roth a traditional and a set and there's also Different questions that come about the one thing that I always think about is this well How much is this going to cost and also is this going to be a rug pull like some other different projects? Well, they don't deal with with lending and earning and all that stuff all as they do This is their pricing model. It used to be 29 dollars a month now. There's no more monthly fees However, for all the transactions that you do you're going to pay one percent And think about it this way. I know many of people who have taken their they have sold their bitcoin within their Roth IRA account Transferred into cash as that cash sits in the Roth IRA They let bitcoin go from 60,000 down to 29 or 20,000 today It's october 1st and they buy it right back at 3x So they just saved a ton of money There is no capital gains and they can buy their crypto right back within the Roth IRA account Now I've done that before I paid the 1% and I'm happy to do so Also, there's a I also own golden silver in my Roth IRA. So that's $50 over spot And two for the over spot for silver and some basic questions that I always get is this Is can I place a limit order or a stop loss? Yes, you can You can put a limit order or a stop loss, which is pretty good for you traders as things go down or a little bit too high You can sell those put in a cash and wait for a better opportunity Also, what's the minimum account or maximum per account to start to start? It's a thousand dollars The maximum fund an account is based on iris limitations and cash contributions me personally I can only Give $7,000 per year to my account. So I got to make that count and that's why I'm trying to do this before The end of the year So that would take care of the whole part of how I'm paying no capital gains. Remember This is a Roth IRA. So I must wait until 59 and a half years old If I do if I take it out before then there is a big penalty Again, watch the video link in the description and this would leave me to my last point this whole video was started all because of Joe Biden And the thing that I keep worrying about is, you know, what's going to happen with the midterms which are coming up we got about a month ago and I'm not a very big political person. I like to follow it I just don't really have much skin in the game because I think all politicians are a bunch of liars and that's just how it is however There's a something I consider myself with is how this is going to affect the market. This is how it is There's a A great graph takes a look at the midterm election year stock market performance since 62 and since we know that crypto Is a little bit correlated with nasdaq s and p 500 and dow It's interesting to see how things would would pan out now and and this this chart goes from 1962 all the way to 2018 and you can just see that the before midterm price or 12 months before In 1962 was negative almost negative 18 962 and then Three months after the midterms It was up 17 percent then a positive 23 then 30 going six and 12 months out Same thing in 966 negative 13 8 17 and 17 Richard Nixon negative 14 to positive 15 24 and 13 Actually, it's mostly positive once we get out of the midterms into three six and 12 months out so I think that's positive And you can just see right here that here's the midterm average Zero points are pretty much flat before the midterms Three months after the midterms you're looking at a positive 7.3 on average 15 percent in six and 16 percent In 12 so I think there's a lot of better things on the horizon The thing is I just want to make sure that you're aware of different ways Save yourself from the taxman and that's it. So look that's it for today. Hope you like the video If you liked it give it a thumbs up consider subscribing a lot of things we talk about our time sensitive So let's youtube notify you, but that's it for this session I want to thank you for stopping by. I do appreciate it and I'll see you on the next one


V of, let's say, zero lambda bar, so this would be V of, maybe I should call this empty set, the empty label, the empty label here and two, two, minus two, minus two over here. So what do I do? This is, actually I did this way back when we were talking about this definition for the Jones polynomial. So I just take the free R module, spanned by all webs w, this is really isotope classes, w going from x empty set to x lambda. Okay, so that's an enormous, lots and lots of webs. Okay, and then I divide out by a relation, okay, where I say that w naught is equivalent to w one, if so, the bracket of w naught, w prime is equal to the bracket of w one, w prime, for all w prime going from x lambda bar to x empty set. Okay, so these compositions now are closed webs, and I know how to evaluate them. And what I get is some vector space, which is the space V zero lambda bar that I want. Yep, so will I recover the, no. So from this over here? Okay, so yes, okay, all right. So yes, you'll recover the web relations from this statement, right? Because the web relations hold in any closed diagram. Okay, so once you know that they hold in a closed diagram, then if you make this definition, then they, almost for free, hold in an open diagram as well. Okay, all right, okay. So similarly, if I give you some web going from x lambda to x mu, this induces, let me just call it Vw going from V zero lambda to V zero lambda to V zero mu just by sending a web w in here to the equivalence class, oops, bad choice, w naught, to the equivalence class of w naught, w. So knowing how to evaluate closed webs, just in this universal way, lets us figure out what the vector spaces are and what the maps between them are. Okay, yep, are there, oh yes, that's a, yeah. So there are definitely, yeah, it's no longer, right? So when we thought about the Jones polynomial, there was sort of a canonical basis for this space, V zero lambda, say, that was composed of the simple planar tangles, okay? It's unfortunately not the case. There are more, there's not some set of simple planar webs that forms a natural basis for this, okay? So the, yeah. All right, so now we could try to categorify this picture. Okay, and to do that, we should have, for example, a closed web w should go to some vector space a of w, okay? This is like in Kovanov homology, we had a bunch of circles, and we assigned to it the vector space that was the TQFT applied to those circles. And so what I wanna talk about is how, you know, how do you construct this vector space a of w? And similarly, all right, so then a co-bordism, let me put this in quotes, say f going from w naught to w one, say these are both closed webs, goes to a of f mapping from a of w, a of w one, okay? So we wanna understand how we can construct these things. Okay, and so first we need to say some words about what the analog of a co-bordism is in this world. So analog of co-bordism is a foam definition. A foam is a subset.  Okay, now a co-bordism, I could say that it's locally modeled on something that looks like the Euclidean plane inside of this three-dimensional space, right? That's what, you know, manifold is. So here we're gonna have some more local models just because webs have more local models, right? They have these trivalent vertices. And they also have these colors modeled on. So there are three sort of possible local models. Maybe I'll draw them in orange. So one is that locally near a point in your foam, it just looks like a plane, I didn't wanna dot there, I wanted a number with a number, which is the weight, just like the sort of weight that we had on webs, okay? So another possibility is that I could have a trivalent vertex times i, or maybe times, since zero, one, it's kind of an open model. And again, here I need to have sort of A, B, A plus B, a weight constraint on these edges. And now, since I've gone up a dimension, I have to have one more sort of singularity, which is, the third local model is the cone on the one skeleton of the tetrahedron, okay? And on the tetrahedron, I have to label some of these edges. Here I have, say, A, B, C. This is A plus B, I think. This is maybe B plus C, and this is A plus B plus C. Those are the weights on the cones of those edges, assuming I've gotten this right. Okay, and again, okay. The level of detail we're operating at, that's probably sufficient. Yep, yeah, yeah, that's right. So they're supposed to be orientations on all of these things, and I've been sloppy about, maybe I should say, with orientations. And I'm just gonna be sloppy about describing them. So, then we can form what's called the Ricard complex, okay, which is an analog of that complex that we defined in the category Cobb and N, okay? So it's kind of a formal complex in the category of these foams. And what it looks like is we just take the formula that we had for the crossing and turn it into a complex. So maybe here I had K and L, and K was bigger than or equal to L, and then I think I get something that looks like K, L, gosh, I'm confused, no. You know, let me, here, which I have this weight. Here, maybe I'm gonna put this H here.  Okay, and so forth and so on. And then down to H is L, okay? So I just take the whips that I saw in that sum, I arrange them in this natural order, and then it turns out that there's a nice foam co-bordism from one to the next. Okay, but you know, this is still like that sort of completely formal complex that we had in Cobb and N for the Kovanov homology. Okay, so to really get an invariant, we're gonna need to pass to a quotient of this foam category in the same way that we passed a quotient to get the Barnathan category. And how are we gonna get that quotient? Well, maybe let me just describe how we get, for example, this vector space here, okay? So how to define W when W is a closed web. Okay, so in fact, it turns out there are lots of different ways to describe this category in terms of representation theory, in terms of geometry. Okay, so these categories have actually been pretty intensively studied, but I think maybe the simplest way to describe it is due to Robert and Wagner, okay? And their approach just mimics the Murakami-Atsuki Yamada method. So, okay, before I say that, let me say one thing. So to get a Nodin variant, we must pass to a quotient foam, let's say, so this is the analog of Cobb, foam lambda bar, mu bar, okay? Satisfying some foam relations, analogous to the relations we wrote down to define Barnathan's category, right? There we have the sphere relations and the neck cutting relations. So here there's going to be some really eye-turningly complicated looking diagrams that these foams have to study, satisfy. I'm not going to try and write them on the board, okay? Okay, so how can you find this quotient and see that it's well-defined? Okay, so, Robert and Wagner's approach is to define an evaluation on closed foams. So let's call it bracket of F, where this is now a closed foam, okay? And this is again, as a state sum, kind of the way MOI defined the evaluation of a web, but now I have to choose, you know, on each face of this surface, I have to choose labels from one to N, okay? In the same way that, you know, here I'd have to choose N elements of the set, one up to big N. Okay, and then, you know, again, I have to write down some power of Q associated to that thing, which I won't do, but Robert and Wagner did. So you define some relation, some evaluation on closed foams, check that it satisfies, satisfies the foam relations you want, and then apply the Blanchet-Havegger-Masbaum-Vogel construction to get A of W, okay? All right, so we've got a few minutes left. I had foolishly thought I would talk about what to do in the case where the colors are not exterior, but I think that with the amount of time remaining, that's a terrible idea. So let me say something else that I wanted to say, which is some, you know, why, right, so at this point, the categorifier's job is done. He's defined, you know, some vector space, you know, which categorifies the lambda K polynomial. But what, you know, why would you care? What should you do with this information? And so one thing that I want to say is that very often these categorifications have a lot more structure than the original polynomial, and that structure lets you understand things about the polynomial that you might not otherwise have understood. Okay, so, so, let's say, categorified polynomials extra structure, which lets you see things that, you know, you might not have guessed about the original polynomial. So for example, here's a conjecture of Gukhov and Stosech. So let's say it this way. If K P over Q is a two-bridge knot, then let's say the dimension of H, the wedge K, homology of K P over Q is just the cave power of the ordinary wedge one homology of K P over Q. Okay, this sort of behavior is totally invisible on the polynomial level. At least, you know, does not seem to have been observed before. And I think, you know, one of the most intriguing of such observations is a conjecture of, let's see, Stosech, maybe I'll just write initials again. So Stosech, Kucharski, Sulkowski, and Reinecke, this is just the order their names occur to me. And it says that actually all wedge K Humphley polynomials are determined, right, so according to the definition I'm giving, these things ought to look really terrible, right? I mean, you have to write down this web and work in this huge cube of resolutions and evaluate the web and see what you get and it looks really complicated. So, but nonetheless, the conjecture says that these are determined by a relatively small amount of data. Let me say it this way. A vector space equipped with a quadratic form and two linear forms. So, it's not quite how they phrase this. They think of it as saying that you have a quiver, but I think this is maybe a little bit easier to say. In particular, it's true. This is a theorem of Marcos Tosic and Paul Lendryk that this is true for two-bridge knots. And moreover, that the dimension of this vector space is just the determinant of the knot. You know what that is. It's the Alexander or the Jones polynomial evaluated at minus one, which is P, okay? And you might look at this and say, well, why should I believe, you know, two-bridge knots are super special? And indeed, it's two-bridge knots are super special. So, it's a really interesting question whether this statement is true. There's an incredibly strong statement about these polynomials. It's an interesting question whether this is true more generally. And one reason that you might think or hope that it's true, which was the original motivation of these guys, is that it implies the LMOV conjecture, which is about sort of the integrality of some rearrangement, you know, some generating series that you build out of these wedge K-homphly polynomials. So, if you know that the precise version of this statement is true, then you also know the LMOV conjecture for that knot. So, you know, if you believe the LMOV conjecture, you might hope that, you know, this is true too, and then it's explaining why. Okay, so I think I'm gonna stop now. Question? You know, I think that's, I mean, I think it's at least as hopeless.  I mean, is that true? So, certainly the Homphly polynomial itself is not, right, not a complete knot invariant, but I, you know, I thought that if you looked at, like, say, the Homphly polynomial with all possible colors, then it was, it might be open whether that, you know, if that's not true, you should tell me. Okay, yeah. Okay, so I think I don't know these complexes, so maybe you should, okay, all right, this, yeah, okay. Yes, okay, and so, all right, so the question again is, you know, I think, yeah, I think somehow, you know, on the mathematics side, that project has a lot of analysis that's required to go into it, and I think in some sense people have thought quite a bit about the analysis, and maybe not so much about the geometrical, you know, I certainly, you know, don't know anything, but yeah, okay, any other questions? All right then.


What's up guys? I'm Brian Sacawa. You're watching He Spoke Style and today I'm showing you four ways to keep your shirt tucked in all day long. First tip is actually more of a prerequisite and that is to make sure that your shirt is long enough. If it's too short and you reach up or do basically any kind of movement it will come untucked. Now what's the right length for a shirt? How long should your shirt be? Now the longer the shirt is the easier it will be for it to stay tucked in and in general a good length for a shirt is for it to come down and basically cover your butt. Now one of the best ways to keep your shirt tucked in all day long is with shirt stays. Shirt stays are basically like a garter for your shirt. One end of the shirt stay will attach to your shirt, the other end to your sock. This actually not only helps keep your shirt tucked in but it also helps to keep your socks up too. Now there are three types of shirt stays out there. The ones I'm using here are called straight shirt stays. You've also got Y-clip shirt stays and stirrup shirt stays and they all do the same thing in basically the same way but just a little bit differently. I've used shirt stays before. I think they're great. It does take just a little bit of time to kind of get the hang of it and get them attached but once you learn how it's very easy to do and one of the most effective methods for keeping your shirt tucked in that I found. Now unless they come undone there is no way your shirt is coming untucked. Are they comfortable? Honestly when I use them I don't even know that I have them on. Next method is definitely not as effective as shirt stays but it's better than nothing and that is to have a rubber grip around the inside of the waist of your trousers. A lot of made-to-measure custom and bespoke suit makers will include this. If they don't it's actually something you can have your tailor add to your pants afterwards. Again not as effective as a shirt stay but definitely better than nothing. Final method we're going to talk about here is what is sometimes called the under tuck. Now this is where you take your undershirt if you wear an undershirt under your dress shirt and actually tuck it into your underwear and then tuck your dress shirt into your pants. The reason this helps and it only helps people who wear undershirts is because your undershirt is always a lot shorter than your dress shirt. So again if you do any kind of movement especially reaching up your undershirt will come untucked and will get bunched up under your dress shirt and just not look very good at all. Once again less effective than shirt stays but still better than nothing. So those are four ways to keep your shirt tucked in all day long. If you are really looking for the best possible solution I would 100% recommend wearing shirt stays. I'll put links to some of them down below in the description. If this video helped you out please give it a thumbs up. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel and until next time. Thanks for watching and stay tailed. This is how to keep your shirt tucked in all day long. What's up guys I'm Brian Se...