Have you gotten such comments? Ya, I have gotten them I think that maybe God had me mysterious way I was never a preacher I became a preacher here in Kenya I'm a minister of gospel and gospel arts And most likely through your gospel vernacular Because I was in some churches There are many multi-cultural backgrounds from home And then I was taken to the countryside In this matter that I grew up as a preacher And then I went to Kizumu, Tuneiri To all of those places And from there you listen more to the mother tongue Than Swahili, so I think that there I got it So you don't know Swahili so much? No Sometimes I can guess because of the mother tongue What they are talking about Who gave you the name Duati And why do they call you Duati? Duati is the kikuyu name Particularly I must tell By the grace of God I must say thing To two people in the social media I don't know if I can mention people of other plants Television station Jave Koinange and George Hill Both of them coincidentally called me Duati At the same time Which for me is a bless And I was But in the first program that I appeared here in Kenya Was in KBC In club one So yes for me the total country has blessed me And I receive it with humility And now wherever I go I was in Lake Elementaita In the crossroad And there is a papa from long From the garden of his house came running Kamaa I said guys this is too much Bless So how long how many years have you been in Kenya? Approximately 7 years Who teaches you all these languages? The thing is like I may make it responsible to God God again God in mysterious way I must say that I am singing since 7 years old But my most successful music Even the one that I am doing here It has trended outside If you put me Which is the song that has trended more In the media In the social media In your country, right? As well in the U.S. In New York there was a brother telling Brother look at this And he send me a wasa Me singing the mojo And that's when I knew What is going on He said your video singing the mojo Is in all the wasa Grubia that I am in New York That's amazing That's the power of God And we don't take it for granted He's telling me something He's telling me something I must continue To take a morality for all of you Whether you believe it or not You are an example of a nation The Bible say Everything is possible to those Who believe And I have seen I have engaged you In many cases Praying And everything is successful After you pray And there is example So when God trapped me In your mother tongue He trapped me in his power For me to enjoy And for you to see What you can do through your faith That's it And for me Is that for there is when The name Dwati And all of the things That you have seen in my face Is not that I may be similar Is your love toward me That maybe it's coming back That's it There is There was somebody telling In social media as well That everyone is beautiful At the eyes of who Love him or her And it's connected somehow with your Ya So I think that in the way It's true So you're not only a musician You do so many things What other things do you do? Okay I am trying to recover To go there I am a marathoner Runner of long distance Really? Yes I am My field is I am a lawyer International law I have been writing some Articles for some universities Ya I am engaged in a couple of So how do you do all these things All together And still manage to sing At the end of the day There is a space for everything In fact Do you remember that Paragol of the Bible That say that Gold with the rock As many talents of you That you don't use Ya That's it They place it to you there For you to use them If you don't use them Then they will be with you From you And you are so talented people Whenever you do a chokas here The talent show You leave the wall amazed Of the talent that you have dancing One day There was like One, two churches That joined to make a launch Of the music that brought me here For Latino And they invited some children's home But very, very Humble children's home Economically speaking In the way they were dancing They left everybody chokas Sitting in their places It's like Imagine Those are in those small places In those humble places You find many huge dancers That the world don't know And maybe I dedicate myself to that To learn from you To learn all the blessings that Gotas put over you And to be someone I am not a youth I must say that Thank you for bringing me here Maybe because my face hide I am not a youth So long as you have something To tell the young people there That's it Then maybe yes Gotas put me in the way To give them the world To give them some Advises to go ahead Yes You have the world in your hands Now you see You go to Europe You go to America Every time is Many youth of Africa Go there And they manage to be the number One number Two in the best performances In the university You have it It's not only dancing You have it even studying Yeah, it's a lot It's a lot It's a lot Speaking of dancing Can you dance You saw children dancing Yes I can dance Most of the traditional dance Of South America And you will get amazed as well Most of the traditional dance We will give you a chance to dance So is it music that brought you to Kenya? No, no, no It's not exactly music I came in my area of expertise As I told you I'm a lecturer in international public law So you left that behind And decided Or you're still practicing law? Well I'm still in my studies Later on I was called by one of these Fern to continue the publishing Of one of my articles That I was writing To make a kind of book But I must give priority to my God Because my God has given priority to me He has not failed me And that is what I want to tell to you Put God as a priority There is again Going to the Bible The first fruit You know when you have a baby And I see all of you Kenyans What you feel is the moment when you are going to present Your own children to your parents But those you may not Some of you know what you are talking about But it's the blessings of the parents That is there behind And it's powerful When King David was going to be crowned a king It was found that he was not part Of the royal family And then they have to find someone Who crowned him They didn't know what to do There was a crisis And then God decided to command the elders To crown King David Yes God is talking to you In your elders You have the power And they are going to find Why you have Holding too much blessings together Is because you respect your elders And there is a secret for many things Does it Then I prefer just to engage in this Thing of advising Teaching And it holds me there Yes, I have put it into hold I am doing my next track And it's vernacular again And I guess again The people are broad My followers are broad Which language Before you continue Which language are you doing the next one in? You will be the number one to know Luya Yes Luya It's the next one coming I have two tracks kikuyu I have another Lu And have another Kalinjin And the next coming is Luya Do you have a favorite one A favorite language? Guy I must tell you That all of them are beautiful I can say because all It is like I feel like you have one How many kikuyu songs do you have? Two How many Luya songs do you have? One How many Kalinjin songs do you have? One I knew there is a lady This interview between me and her No, I'm joking Yes, I'm kidding Maybe because I live in Central Kenya Ya My base has been always here Then taking the matatus Taking the things Yes I don't drive a car But proudly And there is something very responsible I want to tell in front of the camera There is nothing bad in having a car For those who enjoy it But me particular is not nothing that I enjoy Why? Oh you enjoy taking matatus Yes, why? You know when you are a preacher It's different when you are only a singer When you are a preacher you are more on the ground You need to feel the people You need to listen to them You cannot be this attached from them Ya And then knowing from them They You And having many friends in the matatus The matatus here has wifi Something amazing That's right There is some We didn't copy there I mean there are many sweets things Here that you enjoy And I enjoy them For me I will not take a car Need I take a taxi And even they fly I tell the people You need to take a taxi To go there Take a mat You can get faster So Any stereotypes that From your country Or maybe like other western countries That people have That when you came to Kenya Like you They were not wrong Like people think How is it clarify it more I'm saying What stereotypes Do people have about Kenya That when you came to Kenya That you found out were wrong Not Kenya only Let me tell you Of South America And Kenya the same I'm coming from South America Very near to the Amazon forest So maybe people think That everybody is in the forest In the south Is exactly here Yeah People think we live in the forest People think that maybe everything is Because people have a very huge knowledge Of the safari And the wildlife My friend come and visit Cape Town And Nairobi You will get chock This is You are even Building these sky crappers Yeah sky crappers Man This is a cosmopolita city Yeah They build this When I go to Apahil I said This is London, Paris What is it People are thinking That maybe South America Is another many cities here Yeah There are many development here Are you planning to go back anytime soon I This I answer In an interview here In this station as well Guess a star I say If God wanted me to be a preacher There But he made me a preacher here And then the matter that I am bringing the music And the people in and out They are listening On my mother And it's like I think there is a God talking And I will not stop The way he is talking When you listen to my son Normally I talk in them And he said What do you think is the success For example in the Moyo He said It's more I am praying I am preaching in the sun It's more the part When I am talking That people don't get But that is the power Of the sun You can actually clearly Hear what you are singing Yeah So are you married Well I am I have my heart already Do I must tell That I don't bring I use not to bring The family and social media But I understand That when you are in the ministry It is something here Like it's required They are everybody's Catholic Here people is Majorities protestant So just handle with it To think I know that you are asking For this You wife is not African By any chance Chizer in South America But the thing is It's difficult to say Because It's difficult to say Okay I'm not married There is a mother But I'm not married I must be responsible Even in front of you Yeah My father is black Is African So in South America People is mixed up Is afrodescendant Complete You see my father Will be a Kenyan Any of you If he come here And he doesn't talk You will think that he is one of you Yeah And my grandparents Can't be like As a Sudanese Is in my blood This is me How can I say In fact this is one of my son Afrolatino That I am saying Whether I am black I am brown Or I am white I am Afrolatino I am a mix of all God makes me a mix of everything But my father Something that you have As a role figure here For here Determin you The parental figure The father Determin everything God is still talking to me here Because he brought me to Africa To form a music To develop more in Africa To become a preacher in Africa He wants something I still come And I will still hold it in him Yeah you have to So like I said in the morning You were asking a question You have said that You have your hat somewhere And would you allow your lady To sit on your friend's lap No It shouldn't be People there are some Rules that we must keep And they are necessarily Because they keep the harmony And the rules A balance A balance I mean there are places where The traditions Can be totally lost But this is a case where The traditions shouldn't be lost At all Yeah and I see the way Kenyan ladies They don't go It is coming loose I don't see anything But in YouTube kids But normally It's not like that It doesn't happen Rarely you will see it I don't find it wrong But only listen to me There are some things That you must keep You cannot do Your elders are not wrong There are some things That they do And they are never wrong By the way So as we wind up Please tell us where People can find you on social media Your music Yeah my music In my YouTube channel In fact All my social media Is in Igwa's OAC Allow me to spell it Is IG Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Is my YouTube channel Face the camera Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa Igwa We have Lonikefa supply available from Kisi County Hakimka Point ... Thank you so much for tuning in We have Vince U 있고요 watching from the Great East Satellite Thank you so much We have Lonikefa again from Kisi County ... We have Martin Kee watching Konpojiwa Jonja Commentator Then we have Colleen Skiplagat, watching all the way from Nakuru. Thank you so much for tuning in. We have Joy Jojunia, Ismael from Bomet, loving the show Good Work Queen. Thank you so much. We have Untold Bralito Braio Baghi, Locks Ndani, the show is just on fire. As usual, boom, DJ killed them bad. DJ Mali Uko, that's for you. Bernard Ndongo, Locks Ndikiwanaivasha, Nichezengo Mamojaia, Zero Sufuri. Ita comes through. We have Shilewis Shi, watching from Manama Show Ikoju. Thank you so much for all his tuning in and we love you. Master Q, watching from Kangemi, the show is dope. Kindly play for me going loud by the first rising star unspoken, Salaton. Ndyo ini pejoto, because Kangemi is getting colder than Limuru. Really, are you sure? Are you sure? Una jomin meto kwa uko Limuru. Aya, Sylvester Chase here from Kitale. My answer is no, but Akiyona nipoa zensina budi, ila asijaka nila umo.


This is the prone cadaver. This is the right side. I'm standing on the right side and the camera person is on the left side This is the posterior aspect of the propritial fossa. We have removed every structure This is the upturned reflected gastrocnemius, the medial head, the lateral head, upturned plantaris muscle And this is the soleus muscle. This muscle that we see here, this forms flow of the propritial fossa This is the propritius muscle and we can see it is taking insertion from the posterior aspect of the tibia Right tibia above the soleal line. This is the soleal line. This propritius muscle as it goes upwards and laterally I'm going to show from under the structures of the propritial fossa, namely the neurovascular structures We can see that the propritus muscle is moving upwards and laterally and here we can see it is dividing into two origins The main origin goes up like this under the fibular collateral ligament And my instrument has gone under the fibular collateral ligament and it gets the lateral femoral content This is the one which separates the fibular collateral ligament from the knee joint and the other origin is to this structure here This is the posterior part of the lateral meniscus in this portion It pierces through the posterior capsule of the knee which we have opened up It goes under the RQ8 propritial ligament on the posterior aspect of the knee which also we have opened out So therefore propritus muscle has got two origins one from the lateral femoral condyle under the fibular collateral ligament And the other is from inside the knee from the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus The propritus muscle by virtue of its origin from inside the knee joint when it contracts It pulls the lateral meniscus away from between the femoral and the tibial condyles And therefore it reduces the chances of injury to the lateral meniscus The other origin of the propritus which runs under the fibular collateral ligament and gets attached to the femoral condyle It separates the fibular collateral ligament from the lateral meniscus and from the capsule of the knee joint And that is why the lateral meniscus is much less likely to be injured much less likely to be torn Arthroscopic view of a normal lateral meniscus and a torn lateral meniscus being repaired arthroscopically Incidentally we can also see that the fibular collateral ligament is a tight cord and it splits the insertion of the bicep femoris This is the outturned cut end of the bicep femoris to the head of the fibula And this is the other end of the bicep femoris and we can see that the fibular collateral ligament Splits the bicep femoris and gets attached to the head of the fibula The action of the propritus when the knee is extended not weight bearing Then it rotates the tibia five degrees medially When the leg is weight bearing then it rotates the femur five degrees laterally So therefore propritus muscle acts on rotation of the knee five degrees only when the knee is fully extended So that is one of the actions it also helps to lock and unlock the knee Now let's take a look at another structure we see this muscle here this is the semimembrinosus The semimembrinosus as it descends down it gets inserted onto the upper medial aspect of the tibia But we can see it is giving an expansion here this expansion is the one which reinforces the posterior capsule of the knee joint Number one number two we can see it gives an expansion which also reinforces the propritus fascia There also we can see and part of that we have split here Number three we can see it is giving some curved fibers which we have cut This is the oblique propritus ligament and under that was another series of ligament which is Also fused with the posterior capsule of the knee joint which we mentioned earlier All the arcuate propritus ligament under the arcuate propritus ligament The fibers of the propritus enter into the knee and get attached to the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus This fibers that we see here this is the posterior menisco femoral ligament Which extends from the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus and get attached to the medial femoral condy The posterior menisco femoral ligament is another one of the intraarticular ligaments Which holds the lateral meniscus in place The next structure that we see here is what we have lifted up here This is posterior cruciate ligament The posterior cruciate ligament has got two bands One band goes little medially and another band goes a little laterally the thinner band This whole thing is the posterior cruciate ligament The posterior cruciate ligament it takes attachment from the posterior aspect of the tibial condy And it goes up and gets attached to the lateral surface of the medial condy of the femur What is the action of the posterior cruciate ligament? When a person is walking downhill There is a tendency for the femur to slide forward on the tibia And therefore the posterior cruciate ligament prevents the forward sliding of the femur on the tibia Especially when walking downhill When the posterior cruciate ligament is toned We can elicit it by means of what is known as the posterior drawer sign Where the patient is sitting with the knee partially flexed If we can push the tibia backwards If we can push the leg back on the femur That is known as posterior drawer sign And it will be associated with pain That is indicative of posterior cruciate ligament death In some dissections we may be able to see a little bit of the anterior cruciate ligament here But in this case we cannot see it very clearly The next structure which I would like to draw your attention to And it's rather unique It's not very common is If you listen to me closely here We can hear the bony sound My instrument is hitting against a bony structure Under the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius And we can see I have removed some of the fibers of the gastrocnemius here To show you that we can feel it also very clearly here This is sesameid bone within the lateral head of the gastrocnemius And that sesameid bone is referred to as fapella And we can see that this particular cadaver has a fapella These are two lateral x-rays to show you presence of the fapella Within the lateral head of the gastrocnemius There's a theory which states that the archaeopocrite ligament Is inversely proportional to the presence of the fapella Both are concerned with the posterior lateral stability of the knee joint These are some of the structures which I wanted to show you What do you need to the posterior aspect of the open out knee joint Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjasan You're signing out please like and subscribe If you have any questions or comments Please put them in the comment section below Have a nice day


So, this is the presentation of the work titled Cryptanalysis of Masked Cyphers, a not-so-random idea. This is a work made by Tim Banner, myself, Simen Doghe and Jenda Zhang. So in short, this work is about side-channel analysis, masking and probing security. So we are going to take a masked, symmetric primitive, and we're going to verify whether or not it is secure against higher-order side-channel attacks. And we're going to make our security analysis, we're going to propose a security analysis based on linear cryptanalysis. And important to note is what we're going to do is we're going to look at the bounded query security. So we're leaving behind the world of perfect security. And we're going to see further on that this brings with it multiple efficiency gains. For those that know threshold implementations by Nikova and co-authors from 2006, we know they know that higher-order threshold implementations had certain composability problems, while in this work we're going to look, via the security analysis method, we're going to see how to create and verify higher-order secure threshold implementations. And an important distinction with other models that are known, our security analysis includes randomness generation. So if there would be any, let's say, RNG in the masking that is used, then we can include that into our analysis. And we're going to see, with this analysis, we're going to see the importance of certain cryptanalytic properties. So the cipher we're going to mask is going to be of importance. Its diffusion layers will cause different activity patterns, linear activity patterns to be there, which in turn affects the security. And the non-linearity of the masked S-box will also be of importance. So to start the work, we first explain what our threshold implementations are. And threshold implementations are in fact masked circuits, where we have an input to that circuit. And that input is first put through an encoder function, so that input is basically shared with randomness, is then put through the masked functions. And at the end of the computation, all those shares are decoded again. And threshold implementations have these masked functions that adhere to three properties. Correctness, non-completeness, and uniformity. Correctness simply means that the masked function is indeed implementing the masking of a particular function F, the function you want to. Non-completeness means that each masked Boolean function only works on a subset of the shares. So F1, for example, only operates on the first share and the third, but not on the second. And uniformity means that the masked function is balanced for each particular choice of input secret. In this work, we're going to look at the glitch extended probing model. So that means we're going to look at the, I'm going to explain to you what is the probing model and we're also going to take care of the glitches that can occur on the platform. And this secure, this adversary model is defined by saying an adversary can pick a threshold number in this work, in this example that will be typically equal to two, can pick a threshold number of masked functions to observe. And what do we mean with observing a function? Well, in this case, that means observing all the inputs of that function. And so here in this work, this adversary can only view two masked functions of the entire masked cipher in total. And this indeed captures glitches since the input and output of each masked function in a threshold implementation is registered. So in the previous slide, we explained the adversarial capabilities. In this slide, we will explain the security model. And this is a bounded query left, right security model. In this model, an adversary chooses two secret inputs, K1 and K0. These are typically the plaintext and the key of a block cipher. Sends this to the challenger. The challenger picks a uniform random bit and sends back an oracle OB. This oracle is the masked circuit with the secret, either K0 or K1, kind of baked into it. The adversary can then query this oracle using probing queries. So using the adversarial capability we discussed last slide can query that oracle, let's say Q times, and then oracle gives back all the inputs to the probed masked functions. After Q queries, and it's important to note that every query the adversary makes, the encoder function uses new randomness to remask the secret input, and that this encoder function cannot be probed. After Q queries, our adversary needs to pick the random bit B and needs to guess which of the secrets K0 or K1 was used. The advantage of the adversary is defined by the probability of guessing the correct bit minus the false positive rate. We then come up to the main part of our work.  What we want to prove now is that these probed values are either they don't relate to any secret or these probed values are fully entropic. So in fact, what the adversary sees is only uniform randomness. But this entropy of the probed values can be bounded in terms of the non-trivial Fourier coefficients of its distribution. So that's a reduction that we do. And then the question might be, well, how do we bound these Fourier coefficients? And in fact we know how, because the way you do this is using standard linear cryptanalysis. And it's not, there are some small changes, namely that we need to do linear cryptanalysis over our quotient space for fixed secrets. But once we have adapted that definition of what is a correlation matrix, we are again in the space of standard linear cryptanalysis. So our work is best explained via a case study, in which we take as a second order masked LED. The round function of LED is shown in the slide. It should be looked at as something close to a yes, in the sense that its diffusion layers also have a shift rows and mixed columns operation. However, the S-box is different. LED uses the present S-box and not the a yes S-box. Our sharing requires 664 bits of randomness. That includes the masking of the plaintext and the key. In total, we use 7 shares per state bit. This is to guarantee second order non-completeness and uniformity of the quadratic decomposed present S-box and three shares per key bit. This is lower because the key schedule from LED is linear. And so we do our security analysis in three major steps. The first is an S-box level or round level analysis. This follows standard side channel literature. So we just take one round of the masked LED and we show that any two probes placed in this one round do not give any information on any secret value. So in fact, we show that this is perfect secure. The novelty of our work comes into the analysis of the nearby rounds and distant round analysis. First, we show that when probing nearby rounds, so let's say you probe the first round of the masked LED and the second round of the masked LED. Then we show that there are in fact zero correlation approximations between the probed values, which means that the adversary views pure randomness. So the distribution of the observations of the adversary follow the uniform distribution. In other words, a few rounds of LED are still perfect secure. When probing distant rounds, let's say you probe the first round of LED and the fourth round of the masked LED, then in fact, you might be able to distinguish the probed values from a uniform distribution. However, the correlation between those observations is exceedingly low, which we use to show that the adversary needs to collect a significant amount of probed values. So that needs to make a significant number of queries to distinguish this distribution from uniform. We start our analysis with the S-box level or round level analysis. So we take one round of our masked LED and some details with the sharing. The present S-box S is divided in two quadratic functions, S1 and S2. And each S1 and S2 are then implemented such that they are correct, second order non-complete and uniform. We show using standard literature that one round of the masked LED is perfectly secure. Namely, if we probe two S-boxes to the same S-boxes, two S1s or two S2s, then the security simply comes back to the uniformity and non-completeness of S1. So we can show that this is independent of any secret variable, the same for probing twice an S-box S2. One can also probe one S1 and one S2 function. In this case, this might give information on a secret value and so we need to add randomness in between. The randomness we add in a simple way. We simply pick some random values, our bar, and we add them to the S-box. In fact, we show that we can add the same randomness to each S-box. So we only need to coin one cell of randomness to add it to every cell in the state. And what's more, we will show later on that this randomness can be reused every round. So in total, we're only adding one cell of randomness for the entire masked LED cipher. If we add randomness as shown by the previous slide, then we can show that one round of the masked LED is indeed perfectly secure. We're now going to analyze what happens if an adversary places their probes in two S-boxes from different rounds. In fact, we're first going to take a look at what happens if those different rounds are nearby rounds. So let's say the first and second or first and third rounds of the masked LED. And in our analysis, we're going to assume that our key is a constant. So we're going to analyze with our linear-crypt analysis the key schedule separate from the state function. In our work, in our theorem, our main theorem, this is indicated by a good labeling of wires. But more information can be found in our paper directly. So now let's consider the activity pattern from our masked LED. And again, remember that our LED, the diffusion layers are similar to those of the AES. So we have a shift-rose operation and we have a mixed column operation. Assume now that our adversary has probed an S-box. So for example, the top left S-box in the state of round i. We're going to consider this probe as the input mask of a trail. And we're going to follow the activation from this. From our following with our shift-rose, we know that the top row of our state remains unaltered. So our active cell is still on the top left. But when going through our mixed column operation, we know that the linear branch number of the mixed columns is 5. So our mixed column activates the entire column of the state. Going again in our shift-rose, we find the typical shift-rose pattern. And mixed columns will again activate the entire state. Now we're going to look at what happens if an adversary places a second probe. Say for example, in round i plus 1, and for AES in this presentation, we just assume that the adversary can probe only an S-box, so one cell of the state. So for AES, let's say our adversary has probed this cell of the state at round i plus 1. It's placing a second probe. Well, given that as output mask and P1 as input mask, then we find there is a mismatch here. So we find a zero correlation approximation between those masks, which means that the values from probe P1 and the values from probe P2, they are in fact not correlated. They are pure. They are uniform random. And same happens for any other cell, the adversary can probe in round i plus 1, or even in round i plus 2, and while it's not shown on the side, same will apply for round i plus 3 as well. So if you place the probe P2 here, then again you find a zero correlation approximation. So what we show in short is that our masked LED for nearby rounds is still perfectly secure. So the story changes for distant rounds. In fact, we see that for distant rounds, the adversary can probe, let's say, rounds i minus 1. So let's say round 1 and round 4 of the masked LED, and then you see that there are trails possible between input mask P1 and output mask P2. Which means that the observations from the two probes are in fact correlated. They do not follow a uniform distribution, in fact that information might be correlated or might give information about a secret value. However, notice that this trail has passed a total of 24 shared S-boxes. So here, for example, it has passed 4 S-boxes, here another 16, and here another 4. And in fact, we show that our shared S-box has maximum absolute correlation to the minus 3. So our masked S-box actually has, let's say, good non-linearity. This shared S-box, however, was the direct balanced sharing using 7 shares of the quadratic split present S-box, but we were lucky this S-box indeed shows some good non-linear properties. And because our S-box is non-linear, and because we have passed 24 S-boxes on the way from P1 to P2, we can show that the distribution of P1 with P2 follows is close to a uniform distribution. And in fact, that previous trail, or the trail from the previous slide, was in fact the best trail you can find through that masked LED. And that determines the advantage from the adversary, in which we show that the advantage of our second-order probing adversary on the masked LED that we have shown is bounded by the square root of the number of queries divided by 2 to the power 120. So that means you would need 2 to the 120 probing queries in order to gain an advantage equal to 1. And this advantage we claim is sufficiently low to say that this second-order masked LED would be secure in practice. So we conclude our work. We've shown that we can use linear cryptanalysis to analyze the probing security of masked primitives. This is novel, as normally we used simulation-based models. As a practical application, we have shown that our masked LED requires fewer than 700 bits of randomness. Typically second-order masked primitives require any orders of 10,000 bits of fresh randomness. And so we show that you do not need to add randomness apart from the initial masking of the plaintext and key for second or higher-order security. This is something that hasn't been shown before. Interestingly enough, this also has an effect on the symmetric key design world, as some primitives are easier to secure than others. For example, we have chosen specifically for the LED cipher because the AES diffusion layers or AES-like diffusion layers are quite good. However, the AES S-box currently has no known uniform sharing, which makes the analysis of a masked AES much more difficult. And you can overcome this by, for example, using the changing of the guards approach. However, this also changes the diffusion pattern of the masked cipher, but also ciphers like presence, which are known to be vulnerable to linear cryptanalysis. We see that in the masked version, we cannot easily use presence properties, presence cryptographic properties, to reduce randomness. So present is more prone to requiring more randomness when higher-order masked. And our work allows for some future work, which I would like to briefly mention. We found that sharings can have a new property, so the masking of a function can have a new property, namely non-linearity. However, as said before, the masked S-box we chose for the LED was the direct balanced sharing. The most straightforward sharing, so that was the normal uniform sharing, it would be interesting to see whether we can find good bounds on if we have an S-box, whether we know something about the cryptanalytic properties of its masking, whether we can find S-boxes that when masked show much higher non-linearity, because our presence, our LED S-box, was a 4-bit S-box over 7 shares, so it's a 28-bit S-box. Maximum absolute correlation 2 to the minus 3 is actually quite high for such a big S-box, so it would be interesting to see can we find, can we do better. We have applied our work to the probing security model, it would be interesting to see whether you can apply our analysis to other models, and I think it's, I'm going to leave it as a challenge, could we apply it to the random probing model, let's say, and in our design that we have shown, we do not use an RNG, so our RNG is in fact the trivial one, as this static randomness, this randomness that is simply reused every round, so our RNG is simply the identity function in this case, but it would be interesting to investigate more intricate RNG designs, which just, here we find that the RNG in fact just changes the linear cryptanalysis of the ciphers, so the fact, so an interesting cause is, our effect is that for different ciphers, there would be different RNGs that work better for that masking, and it would be interesting to investigate more on this, and with that I will leave the work, thank you for your attention.


Good morning everyone, Basel Chapman on this Friday the 19th of April we're looking at this 10 o'clock Tiger Financial News Network Market Update does up 169, ooh it's still stuck in this range but is it trying to break into the 36,000 38,000 38,100 area over the next couple of days? It's going to be tough because this is a very diverse market right now look so the Dow is up 165,000 the S&P so it's up 0.44% the E-mini, no the S&P is trading right now up $1 up $2 at $5,013 look at that pulling back in leg C in the daily chart, ooh it needs to hold the 5,000 level at least in the next two days trying to get to the 50,000, 50,000, 80,000 level looking at the QQQ and the X100 down again sharpie down $1.88 and 421 and part of that is the estimators we're very negative the estimators for some time down 207 right now I had 239 high back in the 8th of March not acting well that weekly chart is really close to a sell signal that'll be the first time we've seen that in a very long time since way back in about August or so last year let's go to the IWM Russell 2000 is it coming up yep it's up a dollar 31,94 right on the 200-period moving average this is where it should have a decent balance we'll see if that's going to unfold gold is trading down 4 at 239 for last I had a big spike to the 2433 level then it pulled back because there seemed to be a little bit of appeasement there after the the Israeli select confrontation in Iran we're looking at the dollar is the dollar pulling back here yes a little bit down 25 ticks the 105.91 currency of importance here holding quite well crude oil crude oil in fact had a big spike yesterday went all the way to the 85 level now it's at 82.20 up just nine cents at 82.19 that was a big test for it and so far the nine-period moving average so far is turned pink for the very first time in a while it's those bonds I'm watching oh bonds gave it all back it's up a half a point at 114 in 20 30 seconds went all the way to the 14-period moving average I'll be back for the Tiger technicians out check out my opening call my daily newsletter see you in a few minutes and have a great weekend I'll be back


Hey everyone, this is Dan. BioNTech and Moderna have been moving up quite a bit in the last few days. Let's see what's going on. First of all, let's review my price predictions in the video I posted on April 16, 2021. In that video, I predicted that Moderna will be at $200 a share and BioNTech at $210 a share before the end of 2021. On April 16, Moderna was at $170 and BioNTech at $151. Today is Sunday, May 2, 2021. As of last Friday, April 30, 2021, Moderna closed at $178 and BioNTech closed at $188. Both stocks have gone up quite a bit since I made my prediction, and they are now getting much closer to my price targets.  My prediction will be that Moderna will be still at $200 a share and BioNTech at $210 a share, except I believe they will reach those targets by the end of August of this year, instead of having to wait till the end of December of this year, because things are looking very bullish based on the developments in the last two, three weeks. Let me tell you more. In the next few minutes, I'll be talking about the most important news that happened recently, which drove up the stock prices. And we'll look at the new COVID cases in the US, UK, and Israel, where they have high percentages of people vaccinated with either the Moderna vaccine or the BioNTech vaccine. The case counts in these countries is a good indication of how well those vaccines are working. We'll look at the evaluation of the two companies, and we'll compare the different vaccines available in the market now. And then finally, we will look at technical analysis. We will check out the charts. A recent piece of news that actually caused the Moderna stock as well as BioNTech stock to go down a little bit, but since then the stock prices have recovered. It is that the White House is reportedly considering how to vaccinate the world. They are saying that maybe the White House should temporarily stop the patent protections for COVID related patents. If you have been watching my Moderna videos, you will remember that I mentioned Moderna way back on October 8th of 2020 already made a statement that they would not enforce their COVID-19 related patents during the pandemic. And they are willing to license their intellectual property for COVID-19 vaccine to others for the post pandemic period. Therefore, the discussion about waiving the patent is really a move point as far as Moderna is concerned. Moderna has also received billions of dollars of funding from the US during the development process of the COVID vaccine. And that's why the White House has some leverage in terms of persuading Moderna to make the vaccine available to developing nations. Although I don't think that'll come in the form of waiving the patent protection. Something will happen. I will explain more. In the meanwhile, the World Health Organization just authorized Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use. I think this is going to lead to implementation of the Moderna vaccine in the developing nations. And back in December 31st, 2021, the World Health Organization already approved the emergency use of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. This is what I think will happen. First of all, Moderna received billions of dollars of US government funding for their vaccine development process. And that's why they will be open to persuasion of the US government in terms of making the vaccine more available to developing nations. And Moderna is most likely to license pharmaceutical companies to manufacture the vaccine for developing nations at lower prices than what they've been charging for developed nations. Because there's more than just the patents. There's also the know-how of how to formulate the ingredients describing the patent so that it will be viable. And those are the things that any other manufacturer cannot easily learn without the help from Moderna. That's why these drug manufacturers would need to have the cooperation from Moderna to train them how to make the vaccine. And BioNTech will most likely follow suit after Moderna has made the agreements. Now in my evaluation of the two companies, I only assume 20.5% of the world population is covered by the two vaccines in 2022 and 2023. Therefore, if the White House is able to persuade Moderna to license their methods to additional drug companies for the developing nation, then we still have almost 80% of the world population to cover. Even at a lower price, it will be an increase to the valuation of both companies. And I don't think they will change the pricing much for the developed nations. And also in my pricing model, I assume there will be a gradual decrease in the prices for the Moderna vaccine and the BioNTech vaccine due to competition, especially in the year 2022 and 2023. And that's why I'm so confident about pricing target of Moderna being at $200 a share and BioNTech at $210 a share by the end of August this year. More news items. Based on the report from the New York Times, the EU is in the process of sealing the deal with Pfizer-BioNTech for 1.8 billion doses of the vaccine for 2022 and 2023. Notice that the EU has only a population of about 440 million people with 1.8 billion doses. That's enough to supply all the people in the EU pretty much for 2022 and 2023. And that's definitely a huge order. But in the meanwhile, that also take away from the business opportunities for Moderna, unfortunately. And that's why my most recent price projection for BioNTech is $210 and only $200 for Moderna. Because it looks like the EU is favoring the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine over the Moderna vaccine. Not surprisingly because BioNTech is a German company, whereas even though Pfizer is an American company, but they've teamed up with this German company, whereas Moderna is an American company. And you might know that the EU is traditionally very protective of European companies. And that's why they will be leaning towards Pfizer-BioNTech more so than towards Moderna. BioNTech recently increased the production target of 2.5 billion doses a year, which is in line with my calculation for the value of stock. And then Moderna recently announced that they would aim for building 3 billion doses in 2022. I think probably they are already talking with the White House as far as increasing the production so that they can supply the developing nations. Recently, as of April 20th, EU announced that they have reached agreement to increase the purchase from Pfizer-BioNTech by 100 million doses. And also UK recently announced that they bought an extra 60 million doses of the BioNTech vaccine. So these two pieces of news are definitely very positive for BioNTech and that's why BioNTech has been going up quite a bit in the last few days, much more so than Moderna. Both Pfizer and Moderna are saying that booster shots are probably going to be needed. And both companies are saying that their vaccines are effective for probably six months. Some other news items, both Moderna and BioNTech are testing booster shots for the new variants and also both companies have been conducting trials including children as young as age five and they hope to have results by June 2021. So these are all very bullish news items for both companies. That's why I believe the stock prices will continue to go up. If you like what you've seen so far, please click the like, subscribe and notification button so that you'll be notified when I post an updated video. And also this is for the sake of the YouTube algorithm. Thank you very much. Let's continue. Let's compare the different COVID vaccines. The Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is a two-dose vaccine and it's about 95% effective selling for about $20 but those with the recent contracts Moderna is also about 95% effective. It's a two-dose vaccine and it's been selling for $32 to $37 per dose. We're more expensive. And then Johnson & Johnson is a one-dose vaccine but it's only 68% effective and it's been selling for $10 a dose. And then AstraZeneca, 76% effective. It's a one-dose vaccine and it's selling for only $3 to $4 a dose but it's got blood clotting issues. Johnson & Johnson also has blood clotting issues but looks like AstraZeneca seems to have more serious problems with its issues. That's why the rollout of the AstraZeneca vaccine has been stopped in quite a few countries. The Sinovac vaccine made by China, it's a two-dose vaccine depending on where it's reporting. The effectiveness ranges from 91% to 50% and Sinovac also by China is a two-dose vaccine. It's reported to be 86% effective based on the report from UAE and then CanSino also from China it's a one-dose vaccine. It's about 66% effective. Then Gamalaya Sputnik from Russia is reported to be about 91% effective. Overall Moderna and BioNTech have the vaccines that are the best defense against COVID-19 and that's why I believe the developed nations especially the Democratic nations will gravitate towards Moderna and BioNTech. Let's look at the daily new cases in the US. In the US so far 43.6% of the population already received the first shot and then the 30.5% of the population already received the second shot. As you can see the case count has been going down. UK 51% of the people have received the first dose and 22% received the second dose. The decrease is even more impressive. Then Israel they have the higher percentage of population receiving the first dose than both US and UK. 59% of the people received the first dose and 56% of the people received the second dose. The case count is almost zero by now and that's the indication that the Moderna and BioNTech vaccines are indeed very effective against the original strain of virus as well as any new mutations that have been going around the world. This is the recap of a slide I showed in my April 16 video. In that video I mentioned that because the other vaccines are really not as effective as Moderna's or BioNTech's and some of them have pretty bad side effects and that's why Moderna BioNTech will start displacing the other vaccine. With my estimate I believe Moderna and BioNTech will be getting 1 billion more doses of contracts in 2021 and those orders will be shifted from AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson and it's already happening as you can see from the last few slides that the EU already placed in order for 100 million additional doses with BioNTech and then UK placed in order for additional 60 million doses. This is a recap of the Moderna evaluation that I showed in my previous videos. With these calculations and assumptions I arrived at my forecast of $200 a share. Now the latest development is that Moderna is planning for 3 billion doses for 2022 and 2023. That means the volume will be tripled from my calculation and no matter at what price it sells to the developing nations it will definitely increase the valuation of Moderna. For BioNTech my calculations and assumptions arrived at $210 a share. The number of doses for 2022-2023 are about 2.2 billion doses which is in line with the latest news we heard. Let's look at analyst's opinions. For Moderna the current price is $178.82. My price targeted $200 by the end of August 2021. The Yahoo business target is $175.5 which is lower than the current price. Lewis-Nevillier gives them an overall A rating to ranks.com gives them a moderate buy and the high rating compared to the 416 number is still the same 234. The average price target has been increased from 165 to 177 and the low target has been increased from 80 to 100. So that's a bullish sign. CNN Money gives them a buy rating. The high estimate is 234 unchanged. Medium rating 182 unchanged and the low rating actually got a little bit lower from 80 to 78. For BioNTech the current price is $188.28. My target is $210 by the end of August 2021 and Yahoo business increased the price target a little bit from 126 to 128 which is still way below the current price and below my target. Lewis-Nevillier gives them an overall A rating which is a strong buy and tip ranks.com gives them a moderate buy rating with the high target increased from 130 to 152. Average target increased from 117 to 126 and low target remains the same at 104. Overall I believe the analysts are still not catching up with what's happening in reality especially after BioNTech is able to sign a contract with the EU for 2022 and 2023. I'm pretty sure the professional analysts will significantly increase the price targets for BioNTech. Let's look at how the stock prices have been moving with the broad market. The candlestick chart here is from Moderna. This is the daily chart for the last six months and the white color chart here is BioNTech. The yellow color chart here is TCCQ which is a triple ETF picked to the NASDAQ 100 index and then the red line here is SPY which is the ETF picked to the standard pool 500 and the blue line here is QQQ which is the ETF picked to the NASDAQ 100. As you can see in the last six months Moderna went up an impressive 166 percent and BioNTech went up an impressive 116 percent whereas TCCQ only went up by 83 percent and S&P 500 and NASDAQ 100 only went up by 25 percent. This is a three-month chart comparing the two companies with the broad market. BioNTech jumped up by an impressive 64 percent in the last three months primarily because of the news about the impending contract with the EU and then Moderna also went up by about 12 percent not nearly as impressive as BioNTech. SPY QQQ and TQQ only went up by about 3 to 10 percent. Let's look at BioNTech this is the daily chart for the last six months the stock really went up impressively in the last three four weeks it was just going up and up because of the all the positive news about new orders from the European Union. We see the buy signal here from DMI way back about three four weeks ago and it's still positive same bullish buy signal from MACD. Now we do see the warning sign here from RSI which has been above 70 since three weeks ago but it's still going up and up that tells you how bullish the stock is. Is it going to come down pretty soon? At this point I would say unless it touches the upper bolinger band and also it hits some of the resistance points on the Fibonacci expansion that I think it will still continue to go up especially if you look at the short interest ratio in the last few days the short interest ratio is actually going down which is the bullish sign which is currently sitting at about 13 and definitely not high and that means I don't think there is going to be impending drop in the price of BioNTech however when the contract is signed between BioNTech Pfizer and the EU for the 1.8 billion doses I think people will start selling on the news because that development has been brewing pretty much for the last two three weeks. After the announcement is made and or maybe shortly before the announcement is made if I see the stock price starting to drop for more than three to four percentage point I will most likely sell maybe half of my BioNTech shares but long term I'm still bullish about BioNTech. I'm not a financial advisor you should make your own decision with regard to buying or selling stocks I share my trading strategy for educational purpose only let's continue let's look at the supporting resistance levels for BioNTech because we are now way above the previous peak here around 130 or so that's why I have to rely on the Fibonacci extension to predict the resistance points for the Fibonacci extension I used this minimum point in late August and this maximum point in December that's the basis and I see first of all the support from the Fibonacci extension at 177, 168 and 161 and resistance at 190 and 206. Let's look at Moderna this is the daily chart for the last six months looks like the price broke out of this triangular pattern and started to head up in the last couple weeks however it's not quite there yet as far as reaching the previous peak which is around 189 and that of course will turn into a very strong resistance level in the meanwhile we see this high RSI point at almost 70 about four days ago and then since then it came down a little bit so after a bit of consolidation in my starting to pick up again we do see a positive buy signal from DMI about three weeks ago and a positive buy signal from MHCD about the same time and so far both of them are still bullish to look at a short interest ratio it's it went down for the last one to about three days and then it went up after the fourth day and then at this point it's at around 16 it's a little bit higher than the short interest ratio of 13 some and change for BioNTech but 16 is still not very high as you can see back in august it was as high as 36 when the price dropped and that's why I don't think Moderna at least from the short interest ratio is not pointing to an imminent drop yet let's look at the support and resistance level again I'm using the Fibonacci extension using this point in January as a low point and this point in February as a high point and I see the support level at 170 158 and 124 these are historical levels and then resistance from the Fibonacci extension I see at 185 which is actually a historical level and 189 that's the historical peak and then going to the Fibonacci extension of 194 and oh actually 194 it's upper bowling event which of course we move from day to day but I would believe that in the next two three days if the price gets close to 194 it'll be a resistance level and then 206 which is Fibonacci extension of 23.6 percent again I'm bullish on both stops and but we have to be careful when the good news for BioNTech is announced about contract with the EU people might start selling on the news to restate my targets Moderna I believe will be at $200 a share and BioNTech at $210 a share before the end of August 2021 if you're watching this video a few days after mage second 2021 please make sure to check out the update section below this video just in case I've entered any update notes if you like what you've seen so far please click on the like subscribe and notification button as usual I will very much welcome your comments questions and suggestions thank you very much I'd like to mention again that I'm not a financial advisor you should make up your own decision before buying or selling stock and you should probably consult with the financial advisors before you do so I share my stock trading strategies for educational purpose only this about wraps up my video for now I will chat with you again in the next few days in the meanwhile I'd like to wish you the very best of luck with your financial investments


They're trying to test him just keep walking let him drown we have an interview today a family interview for baby Anya She better get in his damn school because if not I'm joking that's a terrible joke by the way if you want this reaction uncut unedited the full 25 30 minute reaction check out my patreon besides that let's get to the show.  Oh something else has come. Oh, we ready, baby. They're playing the March of Van music.  She's like one years old. She's cute. She's a little cutie She's so cute she better get accepted bro.  He's trying to get his daughter in the school. Oh This is gonna be me as a dad My daughter is going to school and nothing bad is ever happening to her Oh, I definitely first to fail this test. I failed every test Okay, I'm accepted he looks like a house master I don't know how he used the booty would have beard like that, but I judge it bro This is cute music. I like this. It's it's different from what I reacted to today, which was the tag on titan This is a entirely different and this is what I need in my life. I need some happiness Oh my god, I feel like my heart is in candy land right now But then we scroll up and we get mmm baby girl. Oh, I'm sorry. Lloyd. I know that's your wifey But still man. Oh, oh, but then you got Lloyd daddy right there. Okay, let's do this Wow You don't need to know him. He needs to know who you are Oh my god, how do I relate so much with this two and a half year old?    Do two kids fall into the gutters? Accidentally it would literally happen to me because when I was a little kid.   You don't have time for this.    What's with this horse in the back though like he This is like a normal day in japan This shoe goes on loose I gotta move there immediately guys. This is just something else. This is the most interesting country I've ever seen Why out of every day today? Ah you motherfucker get up Lloyd has to do everything that cow literally almost murdered the kid and now i'm gonna get demonetized for saying that No That must be the leader he does he looks like the main character cow.  She just saw the No way wait did they back up?   Oh my god. I should make jokes like that, but oh my god poor kid Why'd you get that answer look at on your This is gonna make this face of the show This face like yo, I haven't laughed this much in a while man. This is amazing Here we go.  I'll believe it you They better not give you any dirty looks They're not going to school here. Why are you asking them the questions? Ah, he got this rap bro like a condom do a double rapid That was loving first sight bro. That was real love right there.  What are you trying to do to me? What are you trying to do me with a shot like this? You know what you're doing.   It's 2022 Equality okay Uh, oh look Lloyd look at Lloyd Lloyd.  They do what they want. Oh my god We will come on daddy latest back down.  No, don't tell us She watches her a little spy show. We go to museum what she's hey, we go to museum Don't say that. No Is it Lloyd gonna question that like how does she figure that out? Good Damn ask her her favorite fruit snack She's an assassin 10 Why am I wearing glasses out of every all the days Is Lloyd Lloyd listen listen, bro.  Let me just tell you because I did I don't even have a vagina, but I squirted This is the best the music Hey, what is this show, man? Funny Ah, they're a loving family they love each other I See what I mean, man, I went from crying to laughing They're better than any real family.  Oh Oh Okay This show makes you feel so much and that's what i'm really loving about this like one second I'm dying from laughter because you're literally punched a cow And then the animals Backed up because they were afraid of her that was the best scene I've ever seen in my life for anything How are you guys feeling about this show so far? And i'm excluding the manga because i'm sure the manga I don't know if it's done or not or if any of you guys have you probably have read it a lot of you But like as far as the anime goes are you liking it? Are you liking the voice actors? Are you liking where the story is going even if you don't know about the story? How are you liking this? I am curious. But yeah, that's it now. I'm gonna edit this video and hope to god that one day I have a family of my own that Can match up with this family the forger family. That's all for today. Goodbye


Welcome back to the woods. We bought an abandoned cabin and it's finally time to share it with all of you. That's inside our cabin. Ready? No. The roof is leaking. Not a good luck, Dave. I'm both excited and nervous and it needs a lot of work. You may recognize this trail and that's because you've all been here before. Ready girls? Hey. A huge thank you to Squarespace for sponsoring this week's video. For those of you who are new here, we are in the interior of Nova Scotia, Canada in the middle of nowhere. We're currently walking down the trail on the property and this entire area is so much more wet. There is so much water. There are streams and rivers flowing all throughout it. Some that we've never even seen before and that just appear out of nowhere like this one. It is so beautiful and lush. It's a gorgeous day here too. I don't know how we're getting so lucky in November with 22 degree weather. Every time we walk down here, permanent smiles on our faces and even more now that we get to share it with all of you. Yeah, I'm so excited for this huge reveal to show you every detail about this property, how we got it, where we're going with it. You're gonna love it. It truly is an amazing property that just you can't beat it. It's truly a dream. 10 acres in the middle of nowhere. Wow. There's a lot to discover here folks. All right, everyone. The grand reveal. Dave's room. Who's Dave? Who's Dave? I have no idea who Dave is. Not the previous owners. Who wants to see inside Dave's room? Nice steps. I'm nervous. I swear to God, I just heard something in there and Leslie just fell behind it. It is caving in. So there's holes in it too. I mean, this is an animal's dream, isn't it? Oh. Damn. There's been some mice in there. Oh my God, that's wretched. Oh my God. Not a good luck, Dave. Is that you, Dave? Oh. Dave is definitely a spider, Crystal. Yo, who's in here last? Honestly. Nice newspaper clipping if you want to read the newspaper. Find treasures in your neighborhood trash bin. Classic nose ocean. That's what we do around here. I think this was supposed to keep things away. I don't think it's done a good job. Okay. It looks like we got some. As if you're touching that. What are you doing? I just want to see the roof. Yeah. Look at that, everyone. That's gonna collapse on me. I mean, they left us wet wipes. Ready? Well, you can see the outside in this hole. What do you mean? The hole is outside. And they did build it pretty damn good to be still standing. Yeah, I mean, I would use it. I'm probably gonna have to use it to be honest, so. Oh. It's a big hole.  Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. There's so many spiders. I'm not scared of spiders, but when you're in a box with a lot of them, it's not that fun. Real toilet seat, antibacterial stuff right here. Yeah. Party, party. There'll be no toilet texting in this outhouse. You'll want to get in and out. Izzy, I think you know where we are. Do you love this place? Come on, Bella. All right, everyone, we are here. This is the grand reveal of, it doesn't have a name, but the abandoned cabin. What should we name it, everyone? She's glowing in the sun. I'm like nervous and excited again.  And then at the end of this video, we will talk about the who, what, where, when, why, how, all of that and how we even got here. But first, look at this view. Wow, moment of silence. Do you all hear that river? Or do you just hear this dog rolling in the grass? We really don't know much about this cabin. When it was built, who built it, et cetera, et cetera. All we know is that there is a structure here and we have a lot to tell you about it. First, look at this deck, everyone. Comes with hard bags of concrete. Obviously they've been wet and dried. There is moss all over the roof. Look at these little pallets of moss. Looks like we have a stick on the roof as well. Honestly, the roof is really not looking promising. I think that our first cabin had a better roof. Pretty big windows, I have to say. I think there's single pane. All right, let's inspect this deck. Deck is on sonotubes. However, the six by six wood is directly in the concrete. We got some rope. Look at all this lumber. Oh my gosh, it's a gold mine. What are you talking about? These are all raspberry bushes. We should dig these up and put them somewhere else. You mean you don't want to sit on the deck and have a raspberry? That's pretty nice. Those are like looking really healthy. You might cut yourself on your way out. These are all raspberry. A lot of dry firewood, very dry, eh? This looks very burnable. Let's bring it home. Oh my. Bella, where are you going?  You ready to go in? Ready? Yeah. Welcome to our cabin. Woo, she is. Just smells like someone passed in here, honestly.  It's so sick. Your eyes are literally watering. That's how bad it smells in here, everyone. Why does it smells so bad? All right, well, we got a lot of work on our hands. How do you know? That roof is leaking for sure. Oh no, there's mold right there. We have a leak, I think, everyone. Yeah, and you can tell because the wood, see the wood here? Look, that's deep water. It's a puddle. Splashing it. Go. Look it. It's coming right from there and it's wet, everywhere wet. Look, it's dripping. I didn't even notice that. There's water everywhere. The roof could cave in at any time, eh? Maybe. Are you kidding me? The entire roof is wet. If it's coming down here, this isn't even the roof. This is just, this is the roof of the upstairs. Yikes. So it's coming through the roof and the second roof. Look at that insulation. I can tell you one thing. Ick. All this material, there'd be no salvaging. Oh, 75 humidity. Is that really doing its working? I guess I'm trusting something that looks very old-day. I mean, yeah, the thermometer's ain't accurate at 15 degrees. Mold's growing. Oh, I know, I really think. Mold is growing. I have to say, there's quite the decorations in here. I think we might have some horse lovers.  This is gonna blow my gear, I would like this.  You want it for Christmas, Graeme? I bet you there was a lot of fishing done here. Okay, tell them about this. Well, here, fireplace. Climb where the chimney pipe would go up. It's very retro. That is so cool. It's a side entrance. Look. You put the logs in there? I think that's beautiful. How old do you think that thing is? Last time we bought our other cabin, a lot of you knew how old our stove was. Some of you even still had our old stove. Let us know how old this is. Yeah, what is that, a Sierra? What is that? Sierra, yeah. I only know the Sierra truck. This is a stink bug, everyone. When they die, they let off an almost as bad smell as this cabin. That's incomparable, by the way.  Really? Yeah, are you kidding me? I feel like my nose has gotten used to this cabin. Is that bad? For light, they used oil lamps that run on the wall. That's pretty cool, I have to say. I think we'll find out more information what that outlet is for, because there is no power here, no lines for miles. It is completely off-grid. Check out this table, though. I like this table. Well, I think I'm touching mold. This is like a real off-grid camp. Yeah, this is a hunt camp. This is like truly off-grid, coming out, going, camping, vibes. Oh. It couldn't have always been like this. Want me to test it? She takes the camera. Dad, let me careful. I got the wall. Oh, no. Oh, no. The floor in here is, this is what I was saying a minute ago. It's literally falling apart. There's nothing about this floor that is good. Hey, everyone, look at this. It's soft everywhere here. I'm like right here, even. Damn. The poor cabin. There is a much bigger reason why this is happening, and we will tell you about it soon. Crystal, they left you a broom. Oh, nice. I'll get to sweeping. It smells really bad. Let's open the cupboard. Some batteries. Wow, they're in pretty good condition. Oh, baby. Now we're talking. I think these are fishing knives, propane stove. And a sink. With plumbing. Double sink, man. It's pretty cool, actually, to set up. I bet you at one time, I just realized that I'm standing really close to the hole. I bet you at one time, there was a lot of fun had here and a lot of memories made. I just feel, it does feel like this really warm place in here, no matter how smelly it is. I bet there was a lot of good times. Our cabin would have looked like this if we didn't come in, eh? Yeah, we got in just in time. That's a typical Nova Scotia photo. Wow, where'd you get those jackets? There's a bedroom, which is, what is that? The propeller or something. There's a balloon. Fun times, this is evidence of fun times. Or maybe I shouldn't be telling this. See, there was some snowmobiling here at one point. Put it on, I dare you. Oh my God, get it for me, I'm too short. Yeah, girl. You don't want to put that on. I love this, I think. No, it's moldy in there, I'm not wearing it. I mean, this room looks pretty sweet. You always need these tubings. Like someone had plans for a bathroom, but then they just forgot. Put it back, so that's pretty real. Little air flow, you know? When you're going, air flow is good. There is actually water everywhere, eh? Water everywhere. The roof like does waves because it's so wet. This is a nice cloth. Yeah. Does anyone want it? The absolute coolest thing about this upstairs is, whoa. Sorry. Jesus, I thought the window was falling out. I want it out. The coolest thing about this upstairs is the view, and if you listen quietly, you can hear the river flowing through the property. It's so pretty up here. Look at that, he's so steep. Jasmine's really excited to be bringing you underneath the cabin into the crawl space. Not I. So we will observe from out here and be on standby. There's some treasures in here, everyone. Oh, I've always wanted these. This is a good box of finds. Nice. Oh, there's a toad. Aw. There's a lawnmower. I wonder if it starts. Bring it out and try. There's got, oh wow. There's gas in there? That is some old gas. Oh wow, that's a tight one. Woof, woof, woof, woof, woof, woof, woof, woof. She doesn't like lawnmowers, and I don't think it's gonna start. So back in the day, long before they had garages and sheds, this type of crawl space would be used to store things. One more. We're gonna find some good things. A lot of lumber. Well, isn't that a creepy chair? That is some creepy. It's very cold this chair on my butt. We have like the cement walls that go around. The board and then the ledger board and the joist are running across this, sitting on this. There's also no vapor barrier down here, which would explain the rotting of all the joist boards along here. Not only is the roof leaking into the cabin, but the moisture from the earth is rising. Hence probably why that one area I went through. Interesting, Bill.  Well, that's nice. I made it in. She did it. It doesn't look that bad at first from the door. But once you get in here and you see the other side, it is actually so, so bad. The water damage down here is brutal. Yeah, you want some safety glasses? Way worse than I thought. You know, this is my first time in here. I've never been in here. Really? No, not a ton of rot. Tons of rot.  Yeah, that's the hole. That's inside our cabin. Bed posts. This is cool. A little table. Just got to repaint it. Yo, milk crates. They always come in handy. I like milk crates. Me too. Oh, keep those. Hoses. What's that yellow, white thing? Boating thing. We're gonna hang it somewhere for sure. I'm scared as long as I don't come crawling out of here. Ready? No. We're feeling like a bandaid. Oh my God, you're crazy. Oh my gosh. Do you remember caramel spray? Nostalgic.  When I go grocery shopping, which I love going grocery shopping, I look for this to this day. If anyone remembers what this is, it is basically like a cinnamon spread butter, and it's so good I can taste it. There's that one. Good old Timmy's. That's donut icing from Tim Hortons. I don't know much about cement foundations, but I do feel like this cement is looking good. Honestly, I just have to. What? I just don't know how there's no rodents in here. How is there no rodents in here? All right, I'm about to crawl out of this dark cabin. We're good on buckets, eh? Back in the side. Goodbye, crawl space. Welcome back to the freezer. Oh my back, man. I'm getting old. We can all agree that that cabin is beyond interesting. It has so many quirks, and there is so much about it that needs help and a lot of work. The shingles are not on the roof. That could be why we have a leak. Propane regulator. This behind me is definitely a dog well. You can tell because there's already water sitting in it. Do you guys see what they're doing? They're camouflaged. They actually have a camel on. I know. But I love to see nature take over things that humans just do because when we're all gone people, guess what? Nature's just grown over all of our houses. As you can see, this hasn't been abandoned for that long. I don't think. They're all to be in worse condition. I'm thinking these IBC totes could be for a septic. Now, we didn't buy the property for the cabin. As you can tell. Oh, look at the moss coming off the roof. We bought it for everything else. The real reason that we bought this property is for the land. Just look at all of these beautiful tall trees and not to mention that this property not only sits on a lake but a river goes right through it. It is truly so special and the location is out of this world because it actually connects to our other property where we currently live. The cabin that we've been renovating for the last few years. It's entirely off the grid in such a peaceful area. It is so quiet and so remote out here. It's a lot like the cabin. It has incredible potential. And we fell in love with this place long before it was ours. I want to do what Belle is doing. Oh, they're going swimming. Both of them. Yay. This is the lake. It is our absolute favorite part of the property. There's so much water. I know I've said that so many times but we're going to show you right now just how much water we're talking about. This lake isn't massive but it is great for canoeing, kayaking, swimming but honestly such a breathtaking view. The lake here actually connects to the river. This is a river-fed lake. I'm sure they all are but there are a few little inlets and this one more specifically, that's right behind me, actually runs all the way around on the property which is the part that we love even more than the lake is the river. We go swimming in there all the time. The water levels in this area change so much. We'll get into that later but this area more specifically is the swimming hole. This is where we go swimming and Belle and Izzy enjoy it as well but from here it continues up for hundreds of feet. I think what I love so much about this property is that it's so untouched. It's so natural still. There's so much moss. It's just like all this natural grass is so cool. Like you can't even wrap around it. This makes me happy. The reason the trees are so big on this property is because they're so close to the water and this whole area used to be logging. Back where our home is, all those trees were logged just wiped right down where these ones they couldn't log I think 100 meters from waterfront and that's why we have these beautiful huge trees on this property and we don't at our cabin. Girl, you have a nice retired life, man.  So this river goes all the way into our lake into another river to a bigger river which then goes into the Atlantic Ocean and what's fascinating about that is the trout actually make their way down this exact river all the way there. They say nature makes the prettiest designs. Nature did well on this property, I have to say. Hi, where's Mama? Call Izzy, she's looking for you. Izzy! Hi!  The path behind me leads to our cabin. It's like it was meant to be connected. Like literally meant to be. I don't know who subdivided these things but... There is a driveway that is probably like 500 feet long.  That's almost double hours. So long. And far back from the road. This is what I'm getting at. Crystal built our driveway at our cabin. So Crystal, what do you think about the driveway here? I think it's great. I really did put it in a good spot considering geography of the land. There's no water collecting here. When we first got to our cabin we didn't have a driveway and it was a muddy mess. So this is in good condition. Incredible, yeah. And what has my brain thinking is this long driveway that runs parallel on the river? What to do all along the river? What can we build? How can we get power here differently than solar? There is so much you can do when you have a river and waterfront. And I cannot wait. I got my steps in today. I kind of want to give some context to everything about this place for the first few years at the cabin. We used to come down here long before it was ours and we used to shower here and jump in the lake and get refreshed in every season even in the middle of the winter.  When it went up for sale we knew we had to take the opportunity so we reached out to our neighbor and before we knew it, it was ours. It is very hard to find 10 acres on a lake. It's almost unheard of now. They've all been subdivided into little two-acre lots or even less. The coolest part is that this land is actually attached to our land. The properties basically kiss and for that reason you can imagine how excited we are because we can make trails from there to here. And I just feel like this has so much potential like we've said. As you all know, we live 18 hours away from most of our friends and all of our family. Our cabin is just a two-bedroom cabin. So by having this area it's just going to allow them to have a comfortable place for when they come and stay with us. That being said, this is something that we really need to share with you and that is since we've purchased it we really quickly realized that where the cabin is located is just truly not a suitable location. It's been flooded to the point where the cabin is almost underwater. Even just a few weeks ago you can see that the flooding was just so extreme. So for that reason, I'm super grateful we've taken the time to kind of digest everything and taken our time to tell everyone because we've discovered so much along the way. Yeah, we're not keeping a secret from all of you. We actually just had no idea what to do with it. The location has so much potential for solar power, water power and who even knows what. And that's why we're turning to you. Do you have ideas for this space? We are constantly thinking about what we're going to do here, how we're going to do it, when we're going to do it. To the point I'm probably annoying Crystal so I'm really happy I'm going to be able to chat with all of you in the comments on what we can do. My brain just goes when I see this property. Other neighbors that we have when they come down here they've offered to help us with this because they just see the potential in this. A lot of you said that we should tear down our last cabin. What do you think about this one? And keep in mind there are other areas on the lot that are more elevated so maybe they have more building potential. Or maybe you can build a tree house now. We got big trees. There's some nice trees here. In all honesty all of you have gotten us through our very first cabin build. Everything we did there was so new to us and we couldn't have done it without you. Here it's going to be just as new. It's completely different territory of what we're working with but I know we can do it. I have the hope in us. Especially with our pack. Exactly. This is the abandoned secret cabin. Not secret cabin. It's the not secret cabin. That now everyone knows about and we get to talk about together. So we're going to bring you down here more often. You ready for this big job? I'm ready. Let's get it girl. Alright love your pack. Ciao. With no experience necessary you can have your very own website up and running within just a few hours. You can make any Squarespace template do exactly what you want. Making your brand, your idea and your business stand out online on any device. You can sell your products on an online store. 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