Hello. Hi. So I'm Davide. And bonjour. Yes, I live in Paris and where I work for UNESCO. And here with my colleague Misako, she's in the UNESCO office in Bangkok. And we are both from the, what is called the communication information sector, which is doing a number of things. But among these things is doing the work that I'm going to present now. And we start by, okay, let's me briefly maybe say two words also about the communication information sector. We do work on different range of areas, one from the promotion of media, media development, to the use of ICT in different domains, including, you know, ICT for persons with disabilities or for creation. And we'll see about that. And also in this sector, we also promote the openness as a value. And this means that we're also promoting open source software, we're promoting open access to scientific information and the openness linked to educational resources. UNESCO, I don't know, do you know UNESCO? Who knows UNESCO here? Oh, la, la. And what do you know about UNESCO? It's probably the World Heritage Sites, yes. But we do more than this. We do mostly about work about education, and science. So this is the core of our work, although most of us knows about UNESCO and the World Heritage. So we start from an observation. The observation is that now IT, internet, etc., are in our hands, and everybody's hand, and this is going to increase. So basically, we talk about digital natives, because not like people like me that were, where I was there when the first presentation was on, knowing all the history of internet, using Netscape, browser, etc. But today's people, they just come to life and they immediately have access to internet. So the question that we asked is this. Do we have a conscious understanding of what are we using? So in other words, I see a couple of kids here around playing with tablets. So do we know what are we doing? So do we know what is behind this? So basically, it's like TV. We are used to TV. It's a black box, let's say, that gives images. But do we know how it works?  So this is a bit the question. And the question is the same today with social media. Social media is great, right? You all tweet, maybe you all use Facebook or other social media, etc. But at the end of the day, this is maybe a sort of illusion, illusion of interactivity where you say, okay, I can do whatever I want. I can talk to my neighbor, I can talk to my friends, and I, wow, I can share photos, I can do a lot of things, I can do everything. But in fact, what I can do is I can do because someone decided that I can do it, or someone wrote some code that enabled me to do it, right? So we are just, you know, basically, so users of technology and we are happy about it because these technologies are great. So in other words, is that why should not we know what happens when I click something on a computer, on a tablet, on a phone? What happens when I click I like? Nobody knows. Just that, oh, my friend received the message that I like something on Facebook, for example. Yeah, what is behind this? What is behind this is a world of things. It's a world of knowing about, you know, flux of data going through servers, people working on the servers, people dispatching the information, machines dispatching the information, and it's an old world which needs to be understood. And basically, you know, isn't understanding how things work and try to master them because I understand how these things work. Isn't this about FOSS? Isn't this about open source? This is because I wanted to know how the thing works so that I can improve it, maybe make it better, or I can use it the way I want. We had a speech on the laws, on the laws of FOSS. So this is the Youth Mobile Initiative. Why Youth Mobile? It's a title. It's a name that, you know, we have tried to, we tried to capture two basic elements. One is youth because the next generation is the generation that we should look at and all these digital natives. And mobile, because mobile is, of course, a trendy word. Everybody has a mobile in their pockets. Probably many people have also two or three mobiles in their pockets. So that's where it works. And the overall, let's say, goal and the idea behind it is can we promote the teaching of how to make apps to young people so that it's not only using the apps that someone else has done but also make your own.  It's fantastic. The idea of I have created something, I invented something, it's boosting this entire program. So because we are UNESCO, of course, we have a particular kind of, you know, stakeholders. We work with, especially with, you know, governments or maybe policy makers or communities of teachers, universities, et cetera. So, and the first thing that we know is that whatever idea we can have, we are certainly not the first to have this idea. So we don't pretend that this is new, right? So this is far from being new. There are many people all over the world who are actually promoting this at different levels, very small. There are very small initiatives that exist locally with enthusiastic teachers that are promoting these ideas and trying to do whatever they can to enlarge the mindset of the students and to open them an entire new world.  So the first thing that, how we can help these kind of initiatives, how can we sustain as UNESCO as an international intergovernmental organization, we have about almost 200 member states composing UNESCO. How can we support these local initiatives and bring them up so that they can set a case, so they can inspire maybe policies, maybe they can inspire large universities or schools to do these kind of things. So the same way we go also to talk to organizations, teachers associations, et cetera, to promote this idea.  There are so many out there in the world. So how can we spread this concept? How can we sustain and improve this by maybe linking these competitions to sustainable development issues? How can you challenge a school to make an app for cleaning the roads or something like that? So there are several concepts which are behind this, how to do this. And it goes from thinking, so thinking what is the problem, for example, cleaning roads, to thinking how can this be solved? And here is the link with the programming, with coding, programmers, I used to make software some years ago. How can you solve the problem? How do you approach the problem to find a solution? Isn't this called computational thinking? Right, so problem solving attitude and technology. Use the technology that you have at your disposal to solve the problem or at least to try to solve the problem. And maybe at the end of the day, think about what's going next, what's going to happen. So can you think about more long term? Why are people going to use your app? Why are people going to buy maybe your app? Why can you develop a little business plan behind to see, okay, I've done this, it's great, but what for? And then finally, bring this to community. Let really people use and do what you thought in the beginning was a solution to the problem. So in order to do that, there are several actors involved. And our program is about trying to put everything all these elements together from teachers, which are essential to students, of course, and to local organizations. So the program has some, for us, big goals. For us, this is quite large in terms of achievements, because this is not the only thing we do, so we need other people to sustain. And this program was initiated like two years ago, and so far we've been working in a number of countries, so 16, 17 countries more or less, and all in different ways. In different ways, meaning that we don't have a package. We don't have a package that would tell you how to do things. But more, we would go and ask what is the problem in your community? How do your community works? What is the best way in your mind, what is the best way to do it locally? So basically, how would this program work best in this particular area? So this is why in all these different projects and activities, we don't have a unique way of approaching the problem, but it's rather, you know, sometimes it's really community workers, sometimes it's really young students, sometimes it's university students that may not have access to these kind of trainings otherwise. On the other hand, there is another aspect which is very interesting to UNESCO, it's about gender equality. So again, we start from some observations and which are not very, you know, equal, which means that most of the time this, in many places, let's say, not all, but in many places, programming, coding, etc., it's a very masculine activity, basically. There are very few women that are really engaged in this. So we have an idea, started some programs, some ideas, for example, by trying to leverage the experiences of very incredible girls. This one is one of these girls, her name is Marta, she's, I think Mario met her, by the way, and she's very incredible. She was just a young, 17-year-old women who wanted to go to US for study, she was, she's from Kenya, but she couldn't get through. So instead of going to US, basically she stayed home and said, okay, what can I do because I just discovered IT, so she opened up a school, and this school, in a very short time, this school became a little school, but was changing the life of thousands of young friends of Marta. So can we find other Martas? Can, is it possible, not for me, for you, for everybody, to find other Martas? Other Martas that can simply do the same and maybe teach and inspire other people for this, into, into coding and programming. So through the programs we have seen a number of innovations from different people, girls, and young people, I think I'm already writing out, and also, we have been promoting competitions using open data, why? Because, for example, this one is a little competition we ran last year, it was about oceans data. We collect, as UNESCO, we have a network of ocean observatory systems where we collect information about oceans, but this information is normally available to scientists only, not to normal people. So can we get access, give access to this data to young people and see, okay, this is a different way to perceive the marine ecosystems, this is a different way to see that the oceans and the message behind it is that, finally, these data are available and why don't you use them? So this is applicable to oceans now, but it can be applicable to anything, transparency, et cetera, after. So to do this program we work with a number of partners, including for Shesha, and we look forward to work with even more partners in the future and to expand this program and in different countries. Okay, thank you, David. So I'm a sort of regional hub because I'm based in Bangkok, so for that program. So for first Asia we will be having a series of six workshops targeting kids, so I would like to invite you to join those workshops that go from the creation, design, coding, and implementation of mobile application development. We also encourage the use of open data, open educational resources to harness the use of knowledge and data. We will be also having the booth through the next three days, including today, so we invite you to come to talk to us if you have any questions and in proposal of partnership. Just very briefly what we are planning to do after these forced Asia events, because UNESCO is an intergovernmental organization, so our stakeholder, I basically the government. But we are promoting and we are saving, we are implementing projects to save the population and the communities. So we are trying to bring innovative project and a good experience from the bottom to put it in the policy in a way to bridge the gap between policy and practices and also to bridge the gap between formal education and non-formal education. So for example we will be, we are planning to create some policy briefs to promote the coding skill as a tool for innovation, free expression, creativity in formal education in Asia. We will be also promoting innovative realization from young people in Asia, through UNESCO's network and it's going to be showed in a completely different networks like UNESCO's member state. We will be fostering debate on licenses issues, on open license and the impact on development and innovation and we will continue to enhance the capacity of young people to harness the potential of free and open source software, open data, open educational resources and with a particular focus in the area where they don't have the chance to access to those training, like in marginalized communities, rural communities or in least developed countries. Thank you very much.


but I'll also be talking about the animals themselves and the way to approach them and and also I suppose also looking at the The issue of climate change and conservation things like that So we're moving around all kinds of things, but it's definitely a family show and you'll go away emphasis is definitely on the photography and the cinematography Those wee bits at the end of the shows Blue Planet or Planet Earth or whatever Yeah, they're my favorite. Well, that's the you know, I was gonna say they're my favorite bits of the show Well, I enjoy the shows, but I really really I love the bits at the end as well because you get a wee glimpse in behind and I'm sort of now at the stage where I'm watching the shows and I'm going I wonder which part will they pick out to feature at the end Well You know there are interesting stories about about all kinds of parts because the different kinds of photography that you'll see Demand different skills.  So I'll be pulling them pulling stories about them into into my show And sometimes, you know, you might be surprised an animal that you that you might think would be quite dangerous let's say is actually once you get to know it it can be and You know less dangerous than you think but on the other hand What can start off as a friendly encounter if you don't read the animal correctly then it may become You know a little bit more than you bargained for put it that way So I'll be talking about my time with polar bears killer whales, you know animals like that underwater and topside You didn't start out as a photographer you started out as a diver is that correct? Yeah, that's right. That was my first real big interest was diving I got into that at school And that took me in direction marine biology, which where I did a degree But by then I Wanted to do is I love the adventure side of diving and but I appreciated knowing about science So I began to look for expeditions where I could work underwater and with biologists And that that led me to the big big break in the way was going to the Antarctic I went to the Antarctic a way back in 1976 and I worked as a Scientific diver and as a biologist So I was looking after the diving equipment on the base and we dived all year round out of boats in the summer But then underneath the ice in the winter And of course the opportunities for photography were just amazing down in the Antarctic If you want somewhere to get a handle on photography That's not too difficult to be honest go to the Antarctic because the animals there there's no polar bears in the Antarctic So the penguins and the seals and birds and things are much easier to approach So anyway, that was where I got into photography But then having done I did one winter then I did two winters in the Antarctic And my next big stroke of luck was meeting David Attenborough meeting the great man in the Antarctic He was down with a small film crew and they were on a on a ship And they asked if they could come on to our base for a couple of days just to do some filming So I helped them over those two days and it was really quite simple by the time I finished those two days I was talking to the camera person that was with David and I was I was thinking what a job this man has You know, he's doing all the things that I like doing he did a bit of diving He was working with animals working with a small crew like David and doing something that felt very worthwhile And it was just also downright, you know, glamorous if I could call it that, you know, these guys were going From the Antarctic they weren't going back to UK after they came out the Antarctic They were going to go to Galapagos for three weeks and then on to somewhere else So I began to think, you know, how can I how can I get into that field and David and the others they were very helpful with their Advice and they also implied that the knowledge that I had working in the Antarctic knowing the cold knowing the animals That was pretty useful They hadn't met anyone who had that sort of background There were plenty of people they knew who knew all about Africa and African wildlife But I was the first person who knows something about the Antarctic So I decided when I started that I would play to my strengths And I got the chance to winter with some over at over winter with some MPR penguins And the footage that I brought back with that along with some other stuff that I was asked to get That set me off on the right track and in the way I played to my strengths But that's why I've done a disproportionate amount of cold Filming as opposed to jungles or corollaries. So it's been a very interesting 35 year career I've had visiting the Arctic and the Antarctic Well, it's been very interesting as well Sort of this side of the the TV screen Watching what you you film and watching what's produced and you've worked on on the really big ones The ones that were we were sort of all familiar with blue planet planet Earth the frozen planet and And from those little bits that we see at the end about how certain segments are made there just seems to be a lot of Waiting and a lot of discomfort and in very maybe very cold environments. We see they're very cold or very hot and Yep, and then you're out there for weeks or months at a time. So it's you need to be cut out for this supposed to Oh, yeah, you need to be Funny people often say you must be very patient and But in a way, that's why people are employing it. They're employing you for your patients But also for you for that sort of tenacity, which is almost like patients with a purpose You know, you really have to get you want to get your teeth into the sequence into the behavior that you want to see You really, you know, you got to feel this drive to bring back the images and of course this There's a big team of Researchers and producers who've done a lot of work to ensure that you're in you're in the best place at the best time So they have the best chance to film it and sometimes it is remarkably simple We just have to be there and be ready to film and as you pointed out There is an element of discomfort in a lot of natural environments There are many places in the world which are Which are easy all the time I mean, you know, you come to Ireland in August and you're out on the marshes or the Moors You're gonna get eaten alive by midges and things like that You go to the jungle and it's going to be humid. The fungus is going to start growing over the inside of your lenses There are leaches, there are mosquitoes, all that sort of stuff On the other hand, cold places, they are cold But with the right preparation of the equipment and the right clothing You can learn to cope with the cold Actually, you know, the environment itself is very healthy They clean those old bugs out there You know, if you're going to get a cold or get, you're most likely to get a cold It's when you're coming back from the Arctic or the Antarctic That's when you fall prey to the normal sort of bugs like flu and stuff like that And you pick it up on the plane, on your way back to civilization Because the time that you've spent in the Antarctic or the Arctic You just, it's so clean, you just lose all your natural resistance to these bugs in a way So I've chosen to take on the cold as my challenge And other people, well, you know, they prefer, as I say, the jungles or the deserts Or some other extreme environment But I just love the wilderness of the poles You know, I love the emptiness, I love those 180 degrees skies that are above you I love the fact that I've got the chance to spend a lot of time and try to film polar bears Where you can't hide from a polar bear If you can see a polar bear, the polar bear can see you And the polar bear can smell you a lot further away than it can see you And the fact that you're on a one-to-one with this top charismatic predator in the world The fact that you're out there sharing the environment with it out on the sea ice It's just a wonderful sense of privilege that you get when you spend time with these animals And watch them, watch them behaving, hunting the seals or out with their cubs You know, all this sort of stuff It's just a lovely, lovely place to be Speaking of top predators, there was a fantastic sequence a couple of weeks ago on Frozen Planet And this is where you fill them to killer whales And there was seals up on the ice and the whales have worked out a method Where they can wash them off the ice into the water so they can get at them And it was absolutely stunning It must give you great satisfaction when you're able to film something like that for the first time Or maybe film other animal behaviour that you know just hasn't been done before Well that's the holy grail really, isn't it, is to get onto a piece of behaviour which hasn't seen before And I've been fortunate that I've done a few things like that And two of them in fact did involve killer whales for Blue Planet Myself and Tom Fitz, we filmed killer whales attacking a grey whale for the first time And then later on myself and Doug Anderson, we did that behaviour with the killer whales Making the wave to wash the seals off the ice flow And that is a remarkable piece of behaviour When you think of all the coordination and communication and intelligence That needs to be in those animals in order to do something as complicated as that With the different roles that they play, you know, some are making the wave Some are in the water ready to grab the seal And then when it's in the water they've got different ways of disabling the seal You're making big beats with a fin or blowing bubbles, etc So it's very exciting, you know, when you see a piece of behaviour like that for the first time And when you've got the chance to capture all the elements of the behaviour, let's say But that's the advantage of working for big ambitious series Those series are expensive to make You need to be out there in the field for a long time Because you can't guarantee how long it's going to take you to see that piece of behaviour Sometimes you go out with the best of all in the world and the weather And the animals, they just don't cooperate and you make them back with nothing But as long as you've been there, as long as you've been out there, as long as you've been ready That's in a way as much as you can do But yes, it's the idea of bringing back something which no one has seen before The idea that you are there witnessing it for yourself That is a hugely satisfying And I'll be talking about examples of that in my talk Watching polar bears coming out of the den, for example Or underwater seeing things that no other people have seen It's just a great way to make a living It sounds like it, all right And if people want an insight and want to find out a bit more Well, you're on tour, I know it starts tonight in Slago, Continues in Dublin tomorrow night And here in Lerner, Kenny, in a green on the theatre this Thursday night Details about ticket availability from the box office Du Galon, thank you very much for chatting with us on the show And the best look with the tour Well, it's been a pleasure talking to you And thanks very much I'm looking forward to coming to Letters, Kenny Keep your ears peeled to Highland Radio We're giving away... Sorry, we're not telling you yet Yes, you heard right It's a secret, but stay tuned to The Nine to Noom Show for more details There's always a buzz in Dublin But there's something extra special about Dublin at wintertime Experience a whole lot of live entertainment this November From buskers and fans to theatres


What's up everybody Jason here for jazby's casebase.com last Little prestige filler guys or we give away four spots in the prism picketing number 14 random with this 2021 prestige football hanger at number 48 So again guys we only sold 26 spots out of the 32 We're gonna give away six to the customers that bought into this break. So here's a dice roller Here's the 26 customer names. We're gonna roll the dice click randomize here and Top six get extra spots, which will paste your names here And then use the same dice roller for the list of names and teams in the break And then at the end we'll use a new dice roller list randomizer to do the giveaway So let's roll it and we got ourselves a three to one four times. Good luck top six get extra spots one two three and four boom Jesse Andrew Barry David Andrew Kevin and Andrew congratulations top six Extra spots. Let me copy this list for later. So we do the giveaway. I have four times one two three four Ryan down to Jesse one two three four Commanders and the Saints letters routines right there guys now let's switch scenes Do the quick little proof? McCaffrey Matt Ryan Russell Wilson Chase young Jamar Chase. That's for the Cincinnati Bengals Which is going to Andy Quiddy-Pake a Farley Demi Brown it's in and now it's there But that's a nice little Jamar Chase though. Yeah guys So let's switch scenes and let's do the giveaway Remember top four get in roll Three and a four seven times. Here we go one two three four five six and Seven the final time three four seven Boom number top four four happy people 28 sad people So from Justin down to Andrew not in But Evan you're in Jesse Barry and Ryan age. Wow look at that bone Top four are in and there you go guys So coming up next is not prestige anymore actually we're sold out the team random and then we'll do the break I appreciate it. Jaspy's case breaks Dot com guys. Thanks


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebricks.com here doing a random number block randomizer for 2020 flawless two box case. Pick your team number three, random number block, chargers, dolphins, eagles, stealers and rams. So some pretty big teams in here. Here's a list of customers from Dimitri down to Gretchen Tjernan, works just like every other random number block, every spot gets a random number from zero through nine. For example if you get the number three you'll get all cards with three being the first number next to the slash on the left side of the slash, two forty three out of two ninety nine, thirteen nine nine nine, three out of twenty five, forty three out of forty nine, ninety three out of ninety nine and so on, number three will get the card, zero will get any and all redemptions for the teams, those five teams, including one of one redemptions while the live one of ones will go to the number one spot obviously. So like I said this is a list of customers from Dimitri down to Gretchen, last spot mojo and the numbers from zero through nine, dice roll to randomize both lists and pair them up, a one and a one, snake eyes, one, two, PJ down to Matthew Shearer, two times and twice on the numbers, one and two, from eight down to zero, so two times on the randomizer for the numbers, two times on the randomizer for the names, two times on the dice, there we go, let's make this large enough and read it off. So PJ McNeely with eight, Gretchen Tiernan with five, Dimitri with two, PJ McNeely with six and four, Dimitri with seven and one, Brian Frank with nine, Gretchen Tiernan with three and Matthew Shearer with zero, so Matthew with the zero spot would get any and all redemptions for these five teams, well Dimitri even known one of one redemptions while Dimitri would get any in person one of ones for those five teams as well. So that's the random number block randomizer for Flawless, two box case picker team number three, random number block Chargers, Dolphins, Eagles, Steelers and Rams. The break itself comes up next, I'm Sean, jaspyscasebreaks.com, thanks for hanging out, I'll see you next time.


I'd like to start with the different topics that you've covered today in your two presentations on Tuesday and Thursday. And the first thing we'd like to know is how you view the topic of web accessibility and how important you see this topic and what should web developers do in order to make the websites accessible for different types of disabled disabilities. For World Wide Web, it first came out in the early 1990s that web accessibility was something that was a nice thing to do but which is not required. Because of national legislation in some countries and because of the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, web accessibility is no longer something that you should, is no longer something which is voluntary. It's required legally by the United Nations that websites have to be accessible. If a country has signed the UN Convention, then its websites have to be accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. So web developers need to use such techniques as cascading style sheets, tags on photographs and images which explain what those photographs and images are. A logical as opposed to an ad hoc web layout that is not just a web layout that looks beautiful but one which is actually functional. And that makes websites accessible to and usable by people with disabilities. One of the things I said in my presentation is in the United States there have been a number of lawsuits, legal litigation by major companies which have lost in the courts because the U.S. government and other governments have had the requirement for accessibility of websites for some time in their national laws and so websites have to be accessible. For instance in Qatar, the basic website for Qatar Airways is a fairly accessible website but parts of it are not accessible so there needs to be more work done on that website. Okay, also you've covered in your Tuesday presentation social networking and its relationship with disabilities and I mean how can technology be used and how social networks can play a part in this. So can you give us? I'll be glad to. People with disabilities often live in a very isolated environment. They may or may not have many friends and they may or may not be able to communicate with their families in a variety of ways. The social networking websites like Facebook and MySpace and Twitter allow people with disabilities to become socially integrated into society. That is if you can have a Facebook page or MySpace page or a Twitter account you can stay in touch with and be an equal part of your family. You can socially integrate into your family and into your family, your bigger family group with all your friends. And there are now ways to make those websites usable and accessible so that you can have a Facebook page or a Twitter account or whatever. And that's why it's very important because people need to be able to participate equally with their family and equally in society. And social networking is one of the best ways to do it. Also on Tuesday you've mentioned the new line technology. What's this technology? What's this technique? Can you tell us more about it? I demonstrated two things on Tuesday. The first one, this is a normal unmodified Nokia cell phone called an N82. On the back of the cell phone it has a regular, it has a 5 megapixel camera and a Xenon flash. But inside the cell phone is special software which I'll demonstrate. You're reading mobile. Huh. Said hello, I'm the KNFB Reader Mobile. This was manufactured by the KNFB Reading Technologies Company. It stands for Ray Kurzweil and the National Federation of the Blind. Ray Kurzweil is a scientist who invented optical character recognition and the National Federation of the Blind is the oldest and largest organization of blind and visually impaired people in the United States. And they formed a company to develop this product. So if we want to read anything, you put the cell phone in the middle of the page like that and it now says image capture. So to read that page, what you do is you just simply pick it up like that and take a picture. Take a picture. Since taking picture. Now. Puts, articles and labels format. Two degrees counterclockwise relative to the page. Harold W. Snyder biography. Dr. Harold Snyder is the President of Access for the Anti-Capt. Incorporated AH1A, confirmed Rockville, Maryland. He holds at Oceania and Modem, British Houston from Oxford University while working as Director of Outreach for People with Disabilities at the Republican National Committee in 1989. Dr. Snyder Percent posed the author of portions of the final draft of the Americans with Disabilities. So it's reading the print on this piece of paper and it will read any print. It won't read handwriting but it will read any color print with any other color background. Now I'll stop it so that we can. Anyway with this cell phone you can read any page, any book. It currently reads English and 16 other languages and Arabic is under construction and will be ready probably within the next six months. But we have to have 200 people in the Middle East who will want to use that device before we can develop Arabic. So we have some promises from some countries who are interested in doing it and that's why we're going to proceed with having Arabic within the next six months or so. So anything that's available that's printed in Arabic will be able to read. We intend to start with the Koran because if it can read the Koran it can read anything. The Koran is a difficult book to read. So that product is considering cost $1,000 plus the cost of the cell phone. It doesn't include the cell phone. So for $1,000 you will be able to have software that will be able to read you any print page. You put it in either the Nokia N82 or the Nokia 6220 Classic. Both of which you can buy very cheaply in the soups here in Doha or in soups in other parts of the Middle East as a matter of fact. So today you discussed the social and psychological impact of using assistive technology. So can you highlight this? Be glad to. I began by making three predictions. Normally, I don't make predictions but I thought for this audience predictions would be interesting. They're predictions that I've thought about for a long time and have read a lot about the subjects and so I decided it was time to make the predictions. There were three of them. The first one is that I believe that within the next three years because of medical research that's going on in Australia and in Portugal, medical teams are developing artificial sight for people who have lost their vision and I predicted within three years there will be several people in either or both Australia or in Portugal who will be able to have usable vision because of the use of artificial sight. That's what I predict based on the research that's gone on over the last five to seven years in those two countries. There are some countries where human research is not permitted and it's highly regulated in Australia and in Portugal they made the decision that research on eyesight was important and so that's where the development is taking place. The second prediction I made was that in ten years there would be an automobile that a person who was totally blind could drive on the road. In order to do that there has to be just like this software used optical character recognition, an automobile drivable by someone who's blind has to use something called object recognition software because it has to be able to identify the objects and the obstacles which appear on the road and it has to be able to identify them far enough away so that the car will stop. We already have the GPS location technology, we have other kinds of technology but we need to have object recognition technology. For instance we already have technology where you can take a series of photographs of people in a crowd and you put those photographs through a computer and because of computer matching the computer can recognize the faces of some of the people who are in the crowd. It's a way that people use to find criminals or terrorists, that's face recognition technology and that is the beginning of object recognition technology. So I believe that within ten years there will be an automobile that people who are blind will be able to drive. The last prediction was that I said within ten years there would be a man machine interface so that you could instead of typing on a computer you could control the computer with your mind and you could get information from the computer directly into your mind and your mind could also communicate with the computer directly. An electro biological interface, a man machine interface so that people with disabilities could really have control of technology and so their disability, their ability to see the screen or type on a keyboard wouldn't matter anymore so long as they could think clearly and think correctly and could communicate with the computer and understand what the computer said to them then the man machine interface could certainly work. The beginnings of this kind of technology, the research on the beginnings of this type of technology are already occurring in a number of countries and I believe that in ten years it will be readily available. Thank you so much for this lovely interview, I really enjoyed it.


Honored for me and thank you for this opportunity to be to speak to you in this links webinar series. What you see here is the campus of CNPM National Center for Research in Energy and Materials. This is a non-profit organization is located in Campinas and we have a contract with the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology to administrate these four laboratories. So the first laboratory you see here is LNLS, they gave birth to this center and we started with the second generation lab source, UVX we used to call it, is deactivated now and the major single source now is Sirius that I'm going to talk about but before that I'm mentioning also the other four laboratories, LNBio is leading facility in structural and molecular biology, drug development into cancer and cardiovascular disease and pathogenic biology as well. LNNANO is the most comprehensive lab in nanoscience and nanotechnology here in Brazil and it has a complete set of electron microscopes even a cryo electron microscope is the only in the country that had been doing a research on viruses as well and LNBR which does research in development in microbial platforms for the production of biorenewables and in industry scale to be honest and they use structural biology and material structures all the way to investigate the transformation, sustainable transformation of biomass into different chemicals. So my talk is going to be divided in basically five parts. I'm first going to give you a hint on the evolution of our project from 2015 to 2021. I'm speaking something about the 4G sources and some of the scientific program and how do we provide user support and some of the R&D developments that we did with industries. So what I'm going to show is mostly results from other synchrotronals and commissioning results from CDs as well. So please feel free to ask me questions about these. These are very new commissioning results. But let me start a story in more or less about 2013. So the project itself started in much earlier, but in about 2012 the MAC meeting, the machine advisor committee, advised us to aim for a sub-nanometer radian synchrotron and used in the multi-benachromat technology that was being pioneered by Max Ford, Nund. So that was a big challenge. But we decided to take this challenge and follow in your footsteps and face the many engineering challenges that were coming ahead. So this is an overview of the, I don't know if you can see my mouse, of the, in 2013, for the different projects that we had, ESRF now has the EBS synchrotron, Max Ford of course was the first MBA synchrotron in the world, and the first more fourth generation so-called. And now I'm going to talk about CDs, this project here in the south of Brazil. And we know there are many other projects coming ahead, and this is a very exciting moment for the synchrotron community. So, after these discussions and the project change, we started that basically in 2015 that's when we had the first on and started the construction in the, yeah, it's a greenfield site as well. So you can see the evolution of the structure construction. And in October 2018 was more or less when we had the building ready for installation of the machine. That's when we started the, the storage ring, the booster and Linux installation. So what you see now, it's a small video, yeah, that shows the internal parts, our Linux, that was not built here, but everything else except for the Linux was built in this campus with our own technology and with many partnerships with Brazilian industries. That was a key aspect of the project that we developed the know how, and we transferred to the local industries, so that they could build parts for this new synchrotron. So, yeah, we are not traveling at the speed of light, but you can have a fast overview of the internal parts of this storage ring. Use the neck coating technology for vacuum parts as well as most of these new generation synchrotrons. And what you see now it's, we have several extended bean lines that go up to 150 meters. This is the front end so there's a part that connects the storage ring to the external part. That's where we are going to now. But before, let me give you a timeline since this installation and the first commissioning results. So back in 2019, that's when we had December 2019, that's when we assembled the first beam line that was a micro tomography. First assembly of the micro tomography beam line and with 30 micro amps of current so orders of magnitude less than the design project, we were able already to do the first tomography back back in the end of 2019. And since then, then we had accumulation with non-linear kicker. But as we were starting to have the commissioning, the world was halted by the COVID pandemic. And we had to move some steps down and reduce the amount of stuff in the campus just for very crucial things that had to be maintained. And as in this low space, we tried to ramp up again some of the activity still with about 25, 30% of the staff only on campus. Most people working remotely.  We didn't have pickups like this one we had today, but that was very challenging in fact because most of the, you know, challenges discussions and the anxieties and the, and the also the celebrations they were done basically through the computer interfaces was actually quite different from what we are used to do in a commission. So by July 20, we had the first commissioning technical commission of the coherent defraction image in being lying. And since then we've been ramping up to the current and starting new with technical commissioning of beam lines. The beginning of this year now we had a major realignment, and now we expect to start working with 100 milliamps and start using commissioning. But before I talk about this, let me just give two slides about what we define as fourth generation storage ring light sources. Basically, we, we understand that a single election is in an in an undulator and a standard source produces radiation that we can describe having a size that depends on the size of the undulator and the wavelength of radiation and a divergence that also depends on the quantity of basic one electron emission radiation, and as soon as we have an electron beam, then the really that has some size and divergence, the final being delivered to the beam line is a convolution of this size and divergence. And the major challenge here given certain wavelength is that we can match the emitters to the desired wavelength. And then we can extend their x-rays for instance in the range of 100 nanometer radians, and also to match the beta functions is a characteristic of this later into the way at the length of this undulator. So, when we match these two conditions we reach what is called the fraction limited for this wavelength, and then we can extract part of the coherent radiation from the source. Very simplistically, we can think about the generations of storage rings, right, we had the second generation here. The size of the transverse size of the beam, the electron beam is what has been, we talk about a lot about brilliance and about the emittance, but effectively for the science that we're doing, what has been reduced since the, you know, we improve generations of storage rings is this size so we can think of second generation of the order of one millimeter size that was the old secret from we had a third generations as 100 micrometer and as we go to the multi band technologies here headed by Max for we reach beams of the order of 10 microns so we can think of one order of magnitude reduction of this transverse size as we move to the down in technologies. Now, why is this important, because first, if we want to extract coherent radiation, the amount of coherent radiation fraction that you get from this beam line is inversely proportional to the size so there go. The most important point is that if we want to use a small lambda, we rather have a very small beam in the horizontal size, the direction, the vertical direction is typically very small, but this allows you to do coherent the fraction X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and several other techniques that need coherent beams. Now, also because the beam size is small, you can demagnify it much easier because basically it's proportionality between the small beam size and the source size, and this opens possibilities using the nano probes, extreme condition environments where you have tiny environments and you have to penetrate them with a small beam and a very low divergent beam if you want to do the fraction for instance. So these conditions is the kind of small beam sizes what allows us essentially to do all this new science of four generation beams. Sirius was a machine designed to cover this techniques, it was implemented for high coherent fraction, but we have a slight different design from Max 4 for instance, and we have this separate bending magnets in different benches, and one characteristic that allows us to do is to extract also infrared radiation, UV radiation from this magnet. So this is an example that in the fourth generation syndrome, we're still using conventional techniques. Why this is important? Because we believe science is done with this complete set of techniques all together, so it's an enterprise where we are basically looking into multiple wavelengths, multiple scales, and their interesting system in natures are systems that you have to look into multi-modal multi-modal space time scales. So it's a machine with a 518 meters diameter, 3GV, pretty similar to Max 4. The lattice was a five band achromat, we expect to reach 350 milliamp, as I said, we are still in the 70 milliamp. And otherwise, the emittance is about to reach 150 picometer radian as we install the undulators. Now, this is the set of beam lines that we are planning for these first two phases of installation of beam lines. And this is where I'm going to focus my talk now. So essentially, describing what are the scientific opportunities that we hope to find in this kind of new light source. And I'll give you some flavors of what we've been doing. But if you need to find more details about the description of these beam lines, you can find in our website. I basically divide the beam lines into themes. Of course, these are beam lines with broad spectrum of not only radiation but of applications. But they essentially cover different spatial information from the resolution to the field of view. And they also provide the different information from structural information all the way to electronic information. But for instance, this beam lines that we think dedicated to quantum materials, we are installing beam lines for unresolved for condition resonant diagnostic x-ray scattering, photo electron microscopy, and extreme conditions for the biological or living systems. Then we have the traditional protein crystallography and socks and circular dichroism, but also CDI, XPCS, and nanoFTIR, as I mentioned. Whereas for the functional materials or the genius hierarchical matter that basically joins these two scientific scopes, then we have a broad range of x-ray beam lines from x-offs to the fraction to nano probe and from the interpolation function from the fraction. Now, but let me start with a bit of a philosophical question, let's say. So, typically, when we discuss what syncretons and what accelerators do, right? It's a tendency to think that, okay, reality is made of these inventory particles, and then the quarks, and the laptops, and the gauge bosons that made them interact. Now, being virtually in our days and discussing with everyone through virtual worlds, we get philosophical and we've been asking, what is real? Is this fundamental particles real? Or are chairs and people and ideas and love, this is real and these particles are just the useful fiction that we tell ourselves. Now, I like to think that this is, of course, this is a problem for the philosophers, but nevertheless, we still have lines to draw where one would talk about viruses and cells and mutations and organs. How do we draw this line of what is fundamental and what is reality and what is just a manifest image? Well, I like to take the philosophical view of the philosopher Daniel Dennett, that things that describe patterns, they are real, they are the touchstone of reality. So, if you can predict something with a model, then it's real. And because we are pattern finders, we're designed by evolution to find these patterns, we just need to think of higher level structures that built these descriptions. So, essentially, what I'm trying to argue is that even though in single terms and we don't necessarily look for these elementary particles, we also have to find the standard models that allows us description of nature. So, let me start with quasi particles. So, because this is the closest we have to the phenomenon that we observe in elementary fields. So, but to different proclamizations, when we look at electrons in correlated material, typically describing them as single particles to a very entangled state of of electrons is pretty hard. And in fact, doesn't make much sense because as the Fermi liquid theory from described by Landau, most of these excitations that we see and condense matter. They behave like particles, and they manifest themselves so the manifestation is like particles, but with different kind of characteristics from the electrons. So, we can they can either be, you know, phonon particles, and they their guests can describe thermodynamic properties of matter or Magnus, and the gas of Magnus describes the thermodynamic properties of a magnet as well as a gas of particle describes gas of molecules describe the thermodynamic of gases. And, and then we have different all many different kinds of particles that build this new reality spin ons, holos, scrimmions, and all these quasi particles they are part of this reality between mille-electron volts and kiloelectron volts. Let's take for instance this very nice result from the literature from resonant elastic x-ray scattering, where we observe from experiments the reality of particles that carry spin, but no charge, or particles that charge excitations that carry charge but no steam, or the ones that carry orbital moments but neither of them. Or even when we look for single particle properties from on-go result automation, that we observe particles that can be predicted from, you know, to maybe they exist in the elementary fields, like Majorana fermions, that may be necessary to explain the mass of neutrinos. But in condensed matter, they have just become real because these are the patterns we observe. And the surface of some topological superconductors, for instance, they show aspects and patterns that just behave like this elementary particles. And so the idea here is that you need these patterns and you can probe these patterns through synchrotrons to describe your reality. So, and we don't need to wait for nature to create these fields, we can actually search for materials using synchrotron techniques like extreme conditioned techniques like this one to observe phase diagrams where we look for overall behavior on material until we find a phase that describes a topologically non-trivial material where we can see these excitations as a reality in these materials. So this is the first case of quantum materials. And this is just a very fresh result from the Emma beam line. So it's a beam line dedicated to high pressure diffraction and high pressure and high temperatures and very low temperatures and magnetic fields of the order of 11, then 10 Tesla and pressures of the order of Terra Pascal. We're commissioning these beam lines, but you can see already the results from the beam line that we can draw phase diagrams and phase changes from the high pressure diffraction experiments and follow up different aspects of this materials as we probe the phase diagram. So basically now in the phase diagram, we're not talking about quasi particles, we are describing the nature to order parameter or something in a higher level. Now, I now summarize this area. Basically, we have the suit of beam lines for quantum materials numbers off of the mission like the case that I described ricks like the other case I described for this collective of excitations XMCD and PIM and extreme conditions. Now, when we move to, let's say, the animate matter, and I described phase transitions. And, and I argue that we look from a different perspective than we would look from elementary particles, or even from quasi particles. When we want to describe the living matter. It's, it's not helpful to start from elections, even from quasi particles, or even from phase diagram simply, we need to start from agents from proteins that have actually intentions they have function they have structure, and we have to understand from the structure. So let's put together, and how the dynamics brings life from the separate processes and from adaptation of this separate processes that matter can, you know, find different configurations where it can absorb or can reflect completely and can be stable in different environments. In the building blocks of these constructions, they have to be in a higher level scale. What you see here, for instance, is a very nice combination of structural biology, microscopy and biophysics by these very nice images from Dave Goodsell, all integrated in what we believe to be a complex fluid of a cell. Now, we're far from understanding how life emerges, but if we want to have a chance to understand this processes, and to be able to predict future of and make this transition to understand life from from molecules from this building blocks. We need more than just structural biology. We need dynamics as well. So, and this dynamics can be called in different times scales. Now protein crystallography is a well standard technique already in many synchrotrons. And in fact, this was our first being line to start operating. And this been line was commissioned and is already accepting users, especially for his studies with COVID. That's where we started and now we are accepting users in other areas as well. But the next stage of this been line will be serial protein crystallography with my cabin line.  But there is a millisecond to second time scale, where we can extract lots of understanding about the dynamics of conformational changes or proton uptake that build up this higher level dynamic structure of living matter. And so this is the first result from the Monica been line. It was in fact, the three protein the three CL protein from the COVID. This is first commissioning very soon after that we started having users so as you see here this is the first picture of users coming to the been line already testing target drugs into COVID proteins and also testing different ways of doing sad and obtaining electronic maps of different proteins into the low energy side of the spectrum. So this is brand new commissioning results. And as I said, this been line is already available for especially for shipping samples and using the in the syncretron.  You need to build and understand you negotiate with this higher level structures and understand their interactions, their dynamic. So for that, you need boundary conditions like the cell structure and where the elements are located. And so, in this sense, correlative nano probes and x-ray fluorescence imaging combined with coherent diffraction imaging. They provide this higher level and organization structure where you can input into those simulations in the future we'll be able to join structures and put it all together to this boundary conditions. This are results done of a 3D cell structure done at APS from our colleagues. And it's a very interesting result. This took, of course, several hours to be done. And until it becomes a user widespread technique for understanding two dimensional structural cells, we will need the higher coherent flux from fourth generation syncretrons. But as soon as we understand this, right, then the next step is, okay, what is the dynamics that is built in into these interactions. And this also comes from coherent probes and the coherent fraction of new syncretrons. For instance, let's have a look at how new results from the dynamics of how proteins interact. So in a larger time scale, a space and time scale of organization, we understand from several time resolved life fluorescence experiment that face separation, for instance, where these proteins separate explain many aspects of cell organization in the cells and their function. And now several research groups have reported that this mechanism condensing hundreds of proteins. They carry functions like transcription, like immune responses, and even reproduction of the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-1 viruses. At the same time, face separation may cause disease when it goes wrong and form toxic those other bodies. So understanding this dynamics is also part of the new science that will come from this fourth generation syncretrons. And now this is a very recent result that was published a few months ago that uses X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy from the syncretron, it's a third generation source, but it can show already signatures of separation between kinetics and dynamics of protein condensates. They can evidence even two very distinct time scales. And some of the phenomenon that we understand that may be necessary to, you know, give the next step for adaptive dissipative matter. Basically understanding memory, understanding adaptation, understanding all the aspects that we believe are built in into live behavior. Now these are results from XPCS and it's something that will be part of our scientific program as well as, you know, other syncretrons. So to give you a flavor of what's going on, this is our coherent diffraction imaging beam line, the beam line that Aline works and she was just here helping us. Thanks to her, we were able to start this discussion. And this is one of the first results where they take the zeolite particle and that was obtained by coherent diffraction image is a nanoparticle. And so this is the detector inside the tunnel of the beam line, one of the R&D developments done here in Brazil. It's a larger 10 megapixel detector that goes into the vacuum tunnel. And once, you know, we have the sample isolated, the coherent diffraction patterns, they show very nice speckles all the way through the acquisition patterns. And we can see actually the visibility of these patterns is excellent, it shows already the characteristics of high coherent fraction from the syncretrons. Now, we need a very fast detector and a high dynamic range detector as well. So this is one of the key developments is flagship development that we did based on the metapix ships from CERN. We built this 144 ship detector R&D detector that goes into the Caterete beam line. This is a flavor of what's going on in our commissioning. Now, putting it all together, these beam lines from living matter understanding, they also make a suit of beam lines that can tell us about nano FTIR with it's basically as non-technique, this Caterete beam line for CDI and XPCS and the protein crystallography and socks beam line. Now, when we put together aspects of an organic matter and living matter, then we come into the materials that behave completely differently because it's something created by evolution. It's a functional and like the soil for instance is the best example is one of probably my favorite examples of how science is going to, you know, tackle our understanding of our current environment and help us, you know, go to our future without destroying the planet and destroying ourselves. Quoting Frederic Albert Fallou, in nature there is no subject more worth to be considered than soil. It is this domicile for humans and by itself it originates, nourishes a multitude of beings, which the entire creation and our existence ultimately lasts. So now, when we go into this soil structure, for instance, then building blocks like just prudence are not enough, we have to build our standard model for an even higher level structure. And our, you know, elementary blocks should be hydroxides in organic samples, minerals, cementing agents, phylosilicates, bacteria and fungi, root hairs, organic dead matter, and different concentrations of ions distributed in the pores of the soil. Now, this whole complex high ecosystem is intrinsically the region use in hierarchical and the properties come from this web of interconnections between living matter and physical chemistry of fluids in pores granular matter. Now, to make progress, and we also need to understand, for instance, the interface in between soil and the plants, the living organisms that live in the soil. Now, life on earth is sustained by this small volume surrounding the soil of roots. This biome is called rhizosphere. And we have different land scales and time scales that that make this biome living and allow flow and transport and reactions, and everything that brings life on earth.  And we've been also commissioning results from the different systems. This is an example of data from our beam line, the microtomography beam line. What you see here is already part of what we intend to do in the future. This is a tomography from a plant inside the soil, where we can study how porosity structure of the roots and the hairs, how they all come together to distribute nutrients in between the systems. Now, we are planning completely, I'm sorry that this picture was above, but we are designing systems that we can use plants in situ and we can study not only plants, but the soil as well using fluorescence tomography, the fraction. So this is special devices that were designed to allow us to study the rhizosphere on soil. It's called the rhizomicrocosm. Some examples of what we've been doing also in terms of 4D tomography, what you see here is time resolved tomography where we see the flow of liquids to a porous system. And all these renderizations, it's something also that we've been taking a lot of care and is providing users with tools that we can deal with this mongoza density of data. Not only that, but providing ways of interacting correctly with the data. This involves not only data taking, data processing, but also the way we cognitively understand our data. So this is brand new, these are pre-computed ambient occlusions and techniques that allow you to understand the three dimensional data and interact better and provide new clues for new hypothesis and new experiments. This is another example of this fluid distribution that was done into the Mogno beam line. And the Carnauuba beam line, which goes to the other end, is the Nanoprobe beam line. I'll give you now just a quick tour inside our synchrotron, where you can see this is the longest beam line we have. And then our flagship beam line for Nanoprobe. You will have two experimental stations, one dedicated to submicron and in situ environments like the Rhizocosm, and one dedicated to nanometer resolved imaging. So what you see here is a complex structure of detectors all surrounding the sample stage fluorescence, diffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging, and we will also have different probes like x-ray optical luminescence. Okay. These are recent results. We just started to commission this beam line. What you see here is the sample stage. This is one of these detectors that we developed based on many peaks. And the results that just came out from the beam line, these are commissioning results. First, the steps that we did, picography and fluorescence from a soil sample, where we can see with sub-micrometer resolution, I'm sorry, the distribution of different elements. So the idea is to, of course, interleave these two results and use picography and fluorescence tomography to obtain a three-dimensional mapping of elements in soil or other systems with nanometer resolution. So with that, then I conclude the suit of beam lines for these functional heterogeneous and hierarchical matter from the chromography beam line that I showed to nano probe and diffraction PDF and exhaust beam lines that we plan. So altogether, these are the suit of beam lines to cover different aspects of matter and different spatial resolutions and field of use. As I said, the description of these beam lines and the ones that are in current installation commissioning are the ones here with black line underneath. But you can get more details on our website of how these beam lines work, their specs. Now, we've been commissioning, this is current stage of our commissioning. We are doing basically are getting close to the focal length and the focal sizes that we expect for these beam lines. Protein crystallography is a beam line that we can adjust the focus from micrometer to 100 micrometer. The plane wave beam line is getting close to also to optimal. Some of these beam lines we still limited by the measurement device, but we are close to installing this first six and commissioning and as we commissioned the accelerators as well. So this is something brand new that we've been doing both of these stages together. This is an example of R&D that we did with Dutch company Mechatronics. This is the monochromator that we've been using in many of our beam lines. It's a high stability non monochromator it's necessary for maintaining the beam side effective beam size that that we work so hard with accelerator to reduce the levels of nano focusing. So this is an example of accelerator that we will have a nano radiant stability even for fast scanning. And I give you just one example of what we did recently. It was an exhaust spectrum for standard samples synchronizing the under later with the monochromators, and we can achieve this nano stability with high energy speeds, and even do examples that are very textbook with fast scanning of fast energy scanning. Now, to conclude, we are not going to into details but we expect that series is not going to provide only the acquisition sample preparation like most synchrotrons, but we hope to extend also sample synthesis and pre characterization tools for the users, and also modeling computing tools so we expect to open up the spectrum of what the users can do in synchrotrons. This is just an example of labs that we have installed available for users. This is a thin thin thin film growth lab. We have other labs like a feed device to cutting samples for now probe and high pressure and many other labs that are going to be available as well as the computer infrastructure so we have clusters of GPU and CPU that can I'm sorry this is not working but basically is a data center where the users can access the computing power during their experiments and after that experiments as well. So all the infrastructure the software will be accessed remotely from the users after the experiments. And we also like to point out that most of our development and purchases were done here with Brazilian companies and international companies but most of the purchases done in the project they were done in the country in Brazil that was a prerequisite for the project as well. So, finally, my closing remarks is that we had to adapt installation and commissioning during the dynamics of course, but it's working quite well to the very integrated and collaborative team this is essential for the success of any facility. The online and machine commissioning are happening simultaneously. This is challenging but it offers also great opportunities for understanding the different aspects of single-tron science. We're close to nominal emitters of 250 computer radian. We still need to implement fast orbit feedback, and we expect to by the end of this year to be working with pop up at 100 milliamps. We're still not the nominal current, but we will allow most of the experiments that we need. We have had lots of involved developments with external companies. We still need many of them to be further commissioned to require like to be commercial products, but they will soon be available for other communities as well. We also implemented support infrastructure for different labs for chemistry, thin films, extreme conditions, the feed and the cryo preparation labs are just being installed and high performance computing is already operational and being used by users. We expect the first coherent diffraction imaging results are very promising, and we expect to bring user commissioning with shipped samples. We are still not allowed to bring people to the campus, but we expect in the next couple of months, so stay tuned. We hope to open for beam lines for regular submission of proposals. We're not regular yet, but user commissioning. So basically, trying samples that are challenging, and also the support labs for sample preparation and the high performance computer so computing system so we'll open for users for user commissioning in the next couple of months. So with that, I thank you all. And I wish to some time to hear in Brazil, and to have you also take advantage of the kind of tool that will provide advances for science. Thank you very much. It was such a great presentation. And yeah, so we're a little bit late for today's webinar series, but I think it was really worth it to listen to your presentation until the end because it was really, really interesting. Thank you very much for having me again. So we have questions from our audience, and I will, yeah, quickly go through them. And please, if you have more questions, just write them on the common chat. But first question. So, since the machine is based on the max for concept. How much collaboration exchange is there between the two facilities. Thank you for the question. The is, I think that yes, most of the new synchrotrons are all based in this multiband acrobat technology, which was spearheaded by Max for, and there was many different aspects of this collaboration in fact, which was one of the, the pioneers of this technology that was part of the machine advisory committee that proposed that CDs should aim for a higher standards into this fourth generation syncretron now we do have collaborations with in this community is not a large community of synchrotrons and we all exchange ideas and designs. And I think that more should come of course, but yes, it's a different it's likely different aspect because it's just the Max four is a seven band acrobat series is a five band acrobat based on high magnetic field a pose also super bands of 2.2 Tesla so technically, they are slightly different, but of course we will, we always learn a lot from the ones that come first. Yeah, so collaboration is the key. I have a question so like different synchrotron facilities, does LNS have PhD programs or exchange programs for postdocs that you would like to recognize in the audience. Thank you very much. Yes, indeed. We, we don't actually hold a PhD program. We typically have our scientists they can be PhD advisors to you through universities. We are currently not connected to any university this is a, as I said is a ministry facility. But we do have, for instance, agreements with some Carlos University and University of Campinas which is one of the largest in the country. And through these collaborations that the students can have their PhD done in the lab. Now we do have opportunities for. I think that we still have a project an ongoing project if you need more details, please email me, but an exchange program between Brazil and Sweden that allows scientists and students to travel from one facility to the other. I know that we have, we, some of our scientists, they went through to several of the bean lines to acquire experience from this first pioneer project. And that was very important for a facility as well. And I think this problem, this program of funding is still ongoing. I don't know unfortunately the details but obviously is halted by the pandemic. But I think that we still have one or two more years to come that will give opportunity for these exchanges. Excellent. So please, if you're interested have a look. Other questions. So thanks for the representation. Is it possible to get micro-HRF mapping from the nanometer based samples in any of these first installed bean lines? Yes, indeed. In fact, the Karnauba bean line that is in commissioning, the first experimental station that was installed, the result that showed from the soil is already a mapping based on micro-HRF fluorescence. The aim here is to go to 100 nanometer from this station, but it's a large working distance patient. So we, this basically the nano probing line has two major experimental stations, one based on 100 nanometers. And with large working distance so that we can put environments like electrochemical cells, or horizocosm, or batteries and different in situ systems. And it is already available for user commissioning. So it's one of the bean lines that we expect to have samples shipped from users as soon as we open for user commissioning. But it's already working with let's say sub-micrometer, micrometer and for X-ray fluorescence. Now the next experimental station is the challenging one. This is a cryo-nanoprobe that we aim to reach nanometer resolution, but also with the fraction and X-ray fluorescence. Okay. So someone in the audience wants to say that the Physics Institute at the University of Sao Paulo has an agreement with Uppsala University. So that's good to know. So another question maybe, great that there is a focus on data analysis modeling. Do you have data scientists to support the analysis? That was a decision, thanks for the question again. That was a decision we made in the early days of the project. We didn't have back in the project in the early days to 2013 when this project started. But we figured that the key aspect of a synchro in terms of what you can do is, and it's totally, let's say the major strength is 3D imaging. Of course we have several major strengths and synchro facilities, but in terms of resolution and imaging, 3D imaging because X-rays can penetrate matter. But we understood very soon that the amount of data and the algorithms that had to be developed, they were key for the success of the facility. So yes, we implemented a scientific computing group back then, which now basically is one of the groups that interfaces with the bean lines and with the user and demonstrates the high performance computer center and also the software tools. So they are the ones, they also work like administrator of a facility. So as users, they will interact with the scientific computing group that developed the algorithms from data processing all the way to data handling, which is something we've been dedicating a lot of effort with NVIDIA as well, as well as the tools for data visualization and data visualization. That's great. So we're running out of time. So I think we can ask you the last question. So I apologize with the audience for the other missed the question, but please feel free to contact or to reach out, maybe to speak with this and answer the next question. So last question. Last question, yes. So very nice results on the plant roots, but what's the effect of the X-rays on the plant? The X-ray energy was used because like you showed some results about studies on plants with X-rays. So the question is, what X-ray energy was used and what was the effect of the X-rays on the plant? Okay, got it. So the first, I think the first data I showed was from a high energy tomography beam line that's the root into the soil and that was with a filtered pink beam. So I think that the average energy was about 50 KV. This is the beam line. Let me tell the whole story in fact. The first beam line that we assembled was a pre-assembly of the X-ray tomography beam line. This beam line is going to work with 20, 40 and 70 KV. So when the project was starting to, when we were starting to get the first accumulated electron beam, then we figured that it would be important to pre-assemble this beam line even without optics so that we could take the first images of studios and show that it's actually working the whole pipeline, not only electron beam, but we could show 3D images. So we had this beam line working for almost a year until we get the optics. We had it working with a white filtered white beam. So basically it was a white beam from a superband of 3.2 Tesla, so the critical energy around 20 KV, but we filtered so to have the highest part, the highest energy part of the beam. I'm not sure what was the filtering that they were using, but this was a high energy tomography. Nevertheless, yes indeed we observe damage on the roots and this is probably the most critical part on the science, is how do you believe that especially what we want to see is roots growing into the soil. How do you believe that the radiation doesn't affect the soil and the growth of the root? Yes indeed, I think that a new version of the beam line now with monochromatic 70 KV will allow us to do that with much less damage. But yes, this is one of the main problems of working with living matter, but that's what science is about.


Hey there friends, how's it going? My name is Kevin and today we are playing BitLife, where we'll be taking on the role of Monopoly Man and trying to buy up as much property as we can and just become the best capitalist we can be. Oh, alright, let's start a new life. Okay, my name is literally gonna be Monopoly Man. I was looking for a place of origin and it randomly picked place. That's convenient, I'll do that. Start Monopoly's life.  There's gonna be so much anger. I'm depressed and I'm only, what age am I, 6? God damn. I don't have enough capitalism in my life, so I'm depressed. Well, I look awful and I feel awful.  Charger, for some reason. And uppercut her neck. The damage! Wait, Turg is starting to bully me? Feckin' Turg-Turg. Do you not think this is a bad idea? I attack people for eating candy when they shouldn't be. And my parents have divorced. Probably my fault, realistically.  He looks so sad. Turn that frown upside down. Oh no, wait, don't do that, that's terrifying. Your friends are all joining YouTube, what will you do? Sign up, it's a good idea. Trust me. My mother remarried. Okay, great, he has lots of money. I'm gonna need that soon.  Just call him dude. Just become an escort in erect bombshells. I got rejected. Why? He's so moody. I need a job if I want to become the best capitalist to ever capitalize. Yes, I got a job as an exorcist. Great. Got lots of siblings to beg for money. Yes, they're all giving me money. You're not getting this back by the way. I hope you understand this is not a loan. I was gonna try and ask this three year old for some money. Please. Okay, look at all that money I just begged for. And that cured me of depression. Who says you can't buy happiness, huh? This is when he discovered his true love. Money. Oh my god, I found a good job. That'll give me a lot of money for being a cameraman. I don't need education. But the question is, which of these cookies do you like the best? I can't choose just one. Surely that'll get me. Yes, that got me the job. 52 grand a year now. You're intently working at the computer and suddenly they're snickering behind you. You turn to witness their coworker. Nick has reached inside your gym bag. And is now holding your soil boxes. No, look, I'm just so dedicated to my job that I just do it where I sit. I had to talk with him and then he attacked me. Can I do something about this? Can I sue him? I can't think of anyone to sue right now. He just hit me with a frying pan and I'm like, God, God, I wish there was someone I could sue around here. I got promoted. Oh, I guess this is kind of a like, oh look, could you just keep this on the down low? We'll give you a promotion. Look how sad Nick looks. I outrank him now. Your mother has asked you to take a nap in a bed at a furniture store.  Thank you. All right, we have 67,000. What can I invest this in? Maybe we should invest in a bit of property. You know, start buying up the lesser squares like the little light blues or the browns or something.  I do kind of want to buy this paddle boat though. That's pretty cheap. Yeah, I'll buy that. Thank you. The first thing I've ever bought in life was a $113 paddle boat that is almost broken. The fact that I worked hard for it makes it so much more enjoyable, you know, in that little oversized washing basin on the river. Okay, manufactured home. Condition pretty good. Yeah, buy it with cash. Yes, I bought a home. You tried to start a conversation with your supervisor, Dirk, about who makes the best bit-life videos on YouTube. Okay.  Can I afford another house yet? I want another house, but I can afford this condo or a loft or studio. I could afford the loft and the studio. Brown squares, brown squares, brown squares. Stepsister quality time. I know the internet too well to know that that is a bad idea.  What? What is wrong with the people at my work?  I'm reporting you to my supervisor. He told me to get back to work. Why does my supervisor hate me? They won't promote me. I feel like I'm in a dead-end job, even though I'm getting paid a lot. But I just want more money. Dirk Feckin hates me. I'm never gonna move up the rank. Give him a gift. Wait, what? They're launching an investigation? For me trying to give him an air purifier. Someone attacked me and you did nothing. He still works here. I can buy another home. Yeah, town home. Look at that. That is lovely. Buy it with cash. My God, my paddle boat. Sinking endless money into it and it keeps breaking. Can someone give me some money? I'm here. I own like four properties and I just keep asking for more and more money. He gave me 1,500. Oh, but mom gave me more. Sorry. I was just about to say you're better than the stepdad, but mom gave me a lot. So I need another profession, I think. Why do I need work experience of being a foot model? It's totally different. I knew I should have started an only fans for my feet. I knew it would come in handy. What about my supervisor giving me a promotion? Please. Yes, ask for a promotion. He has no more positions available. So I can't even climb, but I need more money. Do you understand how much the dark blues cost? All right. Apply for the apprentice cameraman. Are you a goal-oriented person? Marks goals and I love working. Oh no. Yes, I got the job and my co-workers are immediately starting rumors about me. Why? Why are you like this? Maybe by buying up more of the neighborhood I'll earn the respect. I'm not even like renting these out. Oh, I got a promotion though. That's good. I'm a cameraman again. I was a cameraman. I took a job as an apprentice cameraman. Then they promoted me to cameraman. Oh no. My paddle boat needs to repair. Boss, I need a raise. 11 bucks. Like, he's still a child, I think. This has been such a stressful few years. I'm gonna take the paddle boat out, I think. Look at that. He loves his paddle boat. Every few years he takes it out.  All right. You know what? I think it's time we try and move up in the world. I love being a cameraman. He gives me lots of money. I've plenty of property. I'd like more if I could, but I think I need a new job to really push the limit of what I can do as a monopoly man. My net worth is only 293,000. I need more. I need to at least hit a million. Mom, stop trying to hang out with me. I'm busy. I told you seven years ago. I don't have time for this. Okay, Olivia over here. It's trying to force us to buy thin mince to support her daughter's girl scout troop. You know what? I'm reporting you. I tried to give someone a gift and I got reported. I'm reporting you.  Great. Fantastic. I can't win no matter what I do. My only solution is to try and kill my boss, I think. Yeah, he's willing to pull off the hit. Yeah, hire him. Yes. He used a flamethrower. Could have probably been a bit more subtle, but it worked. Yes. Look at this. Dash guy. Look at how cool he looks. Yo, guys, I'm Dash and I'm going to give you all raises and everything.   I'm so miserable again. And now my dad died as well. Oh, he gave me a lot of money, though. That's kind of cool. Oh, my paddle boat. It needs a repair.  Sorry, I can't make Dad's funeral. I got to repair my paddle boat. It's like 30 years old now at this point. All right, lingerie model might be a good step, but I'm going to have to look really good for this. I just want something with a high ceiling that I can, you know, work my way up. Porn writer. That's not bad pay for that. Let's get a lot of surgery first. It's what Dad would have wanted. Oh, God, there's so much. I'll just say one everything. There, I'm looking good now. 89%. Keep going, doc. What more can you do? All right. Now try and write some pornography. I'm not the type of individual they're looking for. What about model? My guy looks so good. He doesn't need experience. They answered the phone and laughed at my face. Why? No. My paddle boat is no longer seaworthy and it's beyond repair. Why do I have to scrap it? Why can't I bury it or something? At least give me an opportunity to mourn. Amazing. While filming Christian Bale, you realize you were about to sneeze, which you know will infuriate the actor. You know what? Let it go. Let the spotlight shine on me for a change. I've been feeling like I'm one problem away from a total meltdown. It's just in there mixed in his little bio. My net worth is over half a million now. Hmm. All right. Let's throw the money into a ranch style home for now. So at least that can be appreciating, much like my paddle boat did for me. What would I have done without my paddle boat? While eating at a restaurant, you see a woman breastfeeding a child who appears to be about five years old. YouTube that. I recorded a video of a woman breastfeeding a five-year-old child in a restaurant and then shared it on social media. That's the highlight of his life, I think. If I can't get a promotion, can I at least have a raise or something? Dash is aging horribly, by the way. Not like Monopoly Man here. He looks the same as he did when he was 15. But no raise, huh? Well, how about I go work for someone else? They probably welcome it, since everyone in my job hates me. Look at this. Almost 100 grand a year.  Apply. Ah, I don't meet the requirements. All right. What about the better cameraman job then? Do you prefer to call or text? I prefer to talk in person. I was rejected. Okay. All right, sorry millennials. Sorry for being a boomer. While out for a walk, you see a lady tied to railroad tracks. What will you do? Look the other way. Look, life's been unfair on me. It's time for me to deal out some of these unfair situations. What if we just try and be a better person somehow? I don't know how I would do that. Maybe if I was in a relationship of some sort? No, you don't have money. You're not my type. Find another date. No, not enough money. Oh, that's more like it. And real estate as well. Ah, yes. Good job dating that lady. What's her name? Oh, you two are made for each other because she has money and you love money. Have a conversation.  She liked it.  Besser and Jack confessed to you that he is cocaine in the bathroom at work. Report him. He attacked me. He severed my booty. Not my booty. Can I sue him now? Is that possible? I would like to sue him for severing my booty, please. Damage is 50 grand. Yes! Funny microphone. Let's go ring shopping and try and propose here. This is an investment. She has a lot of money. This one. Alexanderite ring at a lakeside hike. How could you resist? She accepted. Yes. Money really is the cure to everything. I have proven this. You're thinking about whether you should make your fiancé sign a pre-nuptial. I don't know because I have more money, but I want her money.  I guess try the prenup route. Yes, she was happy with it. It's asking me about names and I just realized that my name is Mr. Man. Imagine trying to make a phone call. Yes, hello. This is Mr. Man. They just hang up immediately every time. Workplace annoyance. I'll report her. Once again, I get in trouble. She was trying to force her political beliefs upon me. I complain and I get in trouble as always. I'm getting the feeling that they just hate capitalism for some reason.  I don't think my guy is very likeable if he's actually saying the stuff I'm picturing him to say. Do I prefer to call her text? I like both. I like anything on my phone. Fellow millennials. Rejected.  Let's try this one. Apprentice camera in 93k. It's still getting paid more than me. What type of work environment do you prefer? One that embraces teamwork. Yes, that's the job. I got it. And Mr. Man, what would you do if we don't embrace teamwork? Oh, well, that's easy.  Good answer. You're in. Look at this. Neutral. The best I could hope for when it comes to people liking me. Like you could say, oh, they just met you. How could they like you? On the reverse side, how could they hate me? I just started here and it's all neutral or hate. One or the other. Oh, I call them a diamond in the rough and he liked it. I mean, I'm smooth. Thank you for noticing. It takes like two hours of shaving every morning. Your eye is feeling irritated and when you go to scratch it, you discover the liquid draining out of the socket. It's a tear.  I got an interview for a voice actor. Oh my God, this is actually my dream. Which of these secret powers would you most like to possess? This is a weird question. I think time travel. I became an actor and took a massive hit to my financial stability. Don't start rumors about me, please. I just started. I'm reporting you. Your supervisor, Jesus, told you get back to work. Jesus is my supervisor.  Yes, inheritance. I'm going to buy a ranch because Dr. Phil keeps promoting ranch and I feel like it's going to increase in value. Rejected. All right, fine. Whatever. I didn't want a ranch anyway. Dr.  I've been offered a nude scene in a voice acting role. That's weird. So I'm just sitting there at the mic naked. Fantastic. I instantly got a raise. This is great news. You notice that your hair is starting to show increasingly more gray. I've been bald for a decade. I desperately need more property. I need more squares on the board. I need to make a full set. I'm getting raises, but I just I want a better job. Like I want to make a lot more money, not a little more money. I got promoted to actor. Fantastic. My health has taken a massive drop for some reason, though, and my happiness. I just got super anxious. Maybe I don't like being on camera. I've been behind the camera my entire life. I got to do something. How can I make myself happy? Oh, my God.  Oh, my God.  It's going to take ages.  I could have actually read a book in all this time. Enjoyment. Oh, that's just great. I'm not earning enough money to invest loads more. And my God, it's really unhealthy and unhappy. I'm worried he's going to die. His net worth is over a million, though. Let's try and push this even further. But first, I'm going to treat him by yourself a fishing canoe. Yes. I'm the owner of a fishing canoe. He'll love this. This is why he's depressed. He misses his paddle boat. 100% happiness. Two canoe rides is all a joke to be happy again. I'm no longer suffering from depression. I am no longer suffering from anxiety. You heard it here first. Buy a paddle boat. Let's get some surgery and try and get a lead acting role. Yes, 100% looks. This is perfect. Ignore my health. Don't look at that statistic. I'll just do like a movie role or a short series, not like a long commitment or anything. So if I die, it'll be over with. You don't need to worry about that. And plus more people will probably go to see it if Monopoly Man was dead by the time it came out. I can seem to get a new job. They always just laugh at me. And if I ask for promotion, he keeps laughing at me as well. Yeah, look, he laughed at me again. Need more money. Might be time to kill the wife. You're 62. Come on. Die already. Where's that hit, man? Are you still alive? Could you do another hit? You were really good last time. And may I say excellent value for money. 19,500. Name Agent 47. You're in. Using a canister of mace. Not sure how you manage that one, but good job. Stop it down her throat. I inherited quarter of a million. This is great news. I am depressed, however, so it's time to go out in the canoe for a while. Yeah, that's great. I feel great now. See, the wife was a long-term investment and that paid off. All right. I got a new supervisor and I didn't kill the old one or anything. And this one kind of likes me. I'm going to pay her a compliment. She loved it. Alexa called me adorable. I don't know that one. That's a good excuse not to call me adorable. Oh my God, the supervisor is asking to hook up. Yes, this is great news. Yes, look at that. From once, a supervisor loves me. Maybe literally, actually loves me. Hey, now that you love me, can I have a promotion? Rejected. Oh, but she'd love to, she said. Okay. What about a raise then? I was rejected. What's the point in loving me if you don't give me money? Why can you get so much money from acting all of a sudden? Please, someone give me a job. I need this money. Do you handle conflict well? I've been handling it well all my life. I've only killed two people, and that wasn't even because they attacked me or anything. I didn't even fight back when people attacked me. I got the job two and a half million a year. Finally, my moment is now. Oh, now people are interested in me, aren't you? Oh, well you have a lot of money and you're 82 years old, so yeah, go for it. Let's date. Look at all this money. Time to buy stuff. A haunted Cape Cod home. Yes, I want that. Buy it with cash. It's a fantastic investment. I should really exercise more. Oh, by the way, my stepsister died. I'm gonna go get my nails done. Just anything to feel a bit better. Look, my health is going up. This is great. Your girlfriend died. Please give me the money. I've been released from my position as actor for New Orleans films because I cry too much. It's a rom-com. I'm supposed to cry. Bank him to stay, please. No. Can I sue you? I'm miserable now. I only got up to five million. Look how unhappy he is. That would not work on the cover monopoly at all. Lawsuit. Yeah, New Orleans films. I want two million in damages and I'm paying 600,000 for my defense. I lost my lawsuit. I just lost 600K. I am depressed. New Orleans films, do you want to hire me back? Okay, sorry. Sorry for bothering you. Oh, God, they're all New Orleans films. I shouldn't have sued them. I got a tattoo and it made me a bit happier. And then I died. Oh, that's sad. But I got the ribbon rich. I had a net worth of seven million, which wasn't too bad, actually. That's not too bad. Monopoly, man. For once, you lived up to your name. Well, we learned one thing today. Money doesn't make you happy, but a paddle boat sure does. I hope you enjoyed the video. If you did, I post every single day. So subscribe if you like me. If not, I'm not offended. But yeah, I hope you enjoyed. Appreciate it as always. And I hope to see you next time. Bye for now.