All right. Good morning, everyone. Can we just start by giving a big round of applause for our esteemed panel here on the stage with me? Thank you. So hello, everyone, and a very warm welcome to the World Economic Forum's panel discussion titled Geopolitics in Asia Threats and Opportunities. We are coming to you with a live audience from the National Convention Center in Hanoi, Vietnam. I'm Julie Yu. I'm with Channel News Asia, and this panel was discussed and developed in close collaboration with the wonderful folks here at World Economic Forum. Today's topic cannot be more timely given Asia's geopolitical realities. We've seen the peace barometer in Asia swing between two extremes of nuclear tensions on the Korean Peninsula to historic peace talks and ongoing security concerns on South China Sea and also the increased friction and competition between the United States and China for dominance in Asia. Now, these shifting landscapes beg the question, is Asia's geopolitical outlook more optimistic or pessimistic? And how the US and China rivalry define the future of this continent? And also, what should the regional players like ASEAN as a grouping do to preserve peace and stability in Asia? Now, we will explore these questions with our distinguished guests. I'm very pleased to be here with such great names. I'm sure we don't need an introduction, but I'm sure we'll benefit from their insights and their perspectives in the next hour. And at the same time, this is not going to be a one-way discussion. We'll invite you, our audience, to take part to please challenge our esteemed panelists in the Q&A session later in the program. So without further ado, ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce my very illustrious panel starting to my left. We are honored to have Mr. Ranil Rakhuramasingha, he's the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. To his left, Mr. Pramil Minh, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Vietnam. To his left, we are pleased to be joined by Ms. Kangyong Ha, Foreign Minister of South Korea. And to her left, Mr. Taro Kono, Minister of Foreign Minister of Japan. And Dr. Lin Kwong-Kwan Lee, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge. She's also the Associate Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies Asia. So welcome and thank you for joining us. I'd like to kick start by opposing this question to everyone here on the panel. Three key things that you're most concerned about, what you're watching out for in Asia's geopolitics. Perhaps you can start, Prime Minister. Thank you. Thank you for calling me and also asking me to mention my three concerns. The first, looking at geopolitics of Asia and the friction between America and China, I would be concerned about how the rebalancing of global order takes place. This is in the background of the rebalancing that finally the U.S.-China relationships have to be determined. And with that, the geopolitics of Asia. It's in the last 70 years after the war, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. You've seen Asia come up. An original understanding between China and U.S. seems to be evaporating partially. And within it, we have to now work out the relationships. And the issue of China is the, China is not, it's not the Asian issue. But China is also in Europe, in other areas. So that's the first issue. Secondly, the issue of the Indian Ocean or the Indo-Pacific, as we are now called, which again relates to the role of China within the Indian Ocean. And how do we ensure that within the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Moon Cross is respected? From that comes the third connected issue. What happens to the multilateral order? What we built up has been a multilateral order. Is that multilateral order decay? Will it be diminished? Or can we strengthen the multilateral order? If the multilateral order is no longer there, then what is going to replace it? So these will be the three concerns that I have. But none of them keep me awake. Thank you very much, Prime Minister. Deputy Prime Minister, please. Thank you. Thank you, Julie. For the questions. I think that I have many things to be concerned. But since you asked only three concerns, and the first concern is that for me, this is the fourth industrial revolution. Yesterday and today, and this is also the theme of the forum. And yesterday, we talked about the opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution. Yes, for sure, it is undeniable that the revolutions offer tremendous opportunities. But if the country cannot seize the opportunities, they can be left behind. And the development cut will be widened. Then it will lead to the transformations of the geoeconomic as well as geopolitical landscape. So that would be the threat to the countries that cannot seize the opportunities. And the second concern is that the worrying trend of the rise of the nationalism, protectionism, as well as power politics, strategic competition that lead to the choice of the nations, big or small, to adapt to that situation. And the third one is that the traditional and non-traditional security continue to be a threat, including the maritime disputes, the climate change, cyber security, etc. So those are the concerns that I have. Thank you. Deputy Prime Minister, thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. Minister Gaung, what keeps you up at night? Well, I think three things you asked for. And I think many of these issues are interrelated so they can be packaged into three key areas. Of course, from my government's point of view, getting traction on the denuclearization and peace process, that is very much in motion. It's a daily concern to get movement on this, but if we compare where we were a year ago, I think we're in a much better situation. A year ago, we were faced with growing tension and confrontation with North Korea testing its six nuclear weapons test and a series of missile testing as well. And as a result, the global community has responded with a series of sanctions resolutions which remain in place because these will remain in place until we see our short of North Korea denuclearization. Compared to that situation where we are today, after two South North Korean summits, the first ever U.S. North Korea summit, and through these summits, the three countries agreeing to work towards complete denuclearization, and by that we mean North Korea's complete denuclearization, and also agreeing to work towards a more stable peace regime to replace the armistice regime, which is currently in fact. So in the larger scheme of things, we made huge progress, but getting traction on the negotiations to get to that goal is a daily concern. We are currently preparing for a third summit meeting between my President and the chairman of North Korea next week in Pyongyang and hoping that this will be a significant step forward on denuclearization and peace. Second point, rising protectionism, and I think that's very much related to the rising nationalism in countries, and doors closing. It's most visible in the trade area, but it is also visible in terms of the whole migration issue. I think in this age of globalization, people movement is a natural part of daily life, and I think the world has responded with openness, but in recent years, post the migration crisis in Europe, and we see this happening everywhere. The doors are closing, and I think that will be a huge loss because co-prosperity in this globalization age very much depends on this exchange of people across borders. Obviously, you have to contain the negative side effects of this, and that's very much our prerogative of national governments to control their borders, but we must do it in a way that leaves the doors as open as possible about the people exchange. So protectionism and rising nationalism, and of course the protectionist trends in the trade area is a particular concern. It's a concern for all of us who thrive on free and fair trade, but South Korea is very dependent on our external trade and economic relations, and so I think those of us who are for fair and free trade should make sure that this trend is countered with greater efforts to preserve the multilateral trading system. And thirdly, we are promoting a new policy to strengthen our relations with our southern neighbors, Asean, India, Pakistan Sri Lanka. There are other competing, I think, initiatives in this area, the Indo-Pacific initiative, the One Belt and Road initiative, and it's good that we have these initiatives because it underscores the centrality of this region, the centrality of Asean, but we must ensure that the initiatives are promoted in a way that's complementary, that preserves the openness, the inclusivity and the transparency, and very much in line with established international norms. Minister Kang, thank you very much. I would like to move on to you, Minister Kono, three key things.  The seawater level is very high, and we are getting stronger typhoons, stronger cyclones, heavy, heavier rain, once in 100 year rain turned out to be once in two years. And it is not just an environmental issue, it would lead to the issue of water supply management or food security. And this is a challenge for entire mankind, so we really need to be serious about taking care of this climate change issue. The second concern is any unilateral attempt to change the status quo in Asia. I think we need to establish rule-based international order and any unilateral challenge to the status quo. I think international community need to stand up against it. And thirdly, the collapse of multilateralism starting from the trade war. I think the trade need to be also rule-based. We have a double TO. And double TO, IMF, Bretton Woods, those liberal international order has led to the successful global economy. And now there is some challenge to this multilateral international order. And we need to preserve that. I think that's the three issues. Since Foreign Minister Khan talked about Korean Peninsula, I will skip that issue. Minister Kono, thank you very much. I think Southeast Asia's geopolitical landscape will be determined by three main factors. The first development that I will be watching out for are developments in the South China Sea. China is consolidating its control of the region and its resources. In the South China Sea, I understand, according to reports, that its thrice threatened Vietnam with military action. Should it continue to drill for oil and gas in its exclusive economic zone? This took place in July last year as well as in March and May this year. I think this matters because it will change the balance of power in the region as well as determine whether behaviour in the region is governed by might or by right. China claims that the region is at a peace and it's in regional harmony. But I think this has largely been a result of the weaker countries or the smaller countries in the region suffering what they must. The second development that I would look out for is really the Belt and Road Initiative and how that unfolds. I think it's got tremendous opportunity to increase connectivity in the region and boost millions of people out of poverty. So it will be wonderful if this really works. However, it's not free of course of risk. And I think the recent case of the seeding of strategic assets in the region, including in Sri Lanka last year, when Sri Lanka was unable to repay the debts undertaken by the previous government, I think that was a cautionary tale. But of course, even without seeding strategic assets, we have the concern with increasing Chinese projects in the region actually leading to increase Chinese influence. And the third thing I would be looking out for is how geo-strategic developments, the broader geo-strategic developments in the region actually have implications for domestic dynamics. Now many countries in Southeast Asia are multi-ethnic. And so if China seeks to persuade as it is seeking to do certain domestic constituents within countries that they should ally itself with China's position on certain issues, then this has destabilizing implications for the internal dynamics within countries and across borders as well. And of course, with increasing Chinese presence in the region through Belt and Road initiatives, we also have changing dynamics, ethnic dynamics within these countries, which we need to be very careful about and manage carefully. So I would highlight those three concerns. Thank you, Julie. Thank you very much for all your input there. A wide, broad range of issues on the forefront of the minds of our panelists here, starting from global power place, North Korea, South China Sea, climate change, and also the 4.0 industrialization. I would like to just start by opening up to the audience and see if there's any, if anyone has a question for our panelists here. Okay, I see one. Why don't we start with you? If I can, gentlemen here in the front, just for a quick warm-up. Thank you. My name is Fai Narajian, YGL from Cambodia. My question regards to the perspective of all the panelists with regard to the free and open Indo-Pacific. Thank you. So should we go with maybe Deputy Prime Minister, would you like to go first? Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you for the questions. Now in Asia or in Asia-Pacific, we are not having only one initiative. That is Indo-Pacific or the open and free Indo-Pacific. We have in this region, we have several initiatives. For example, Bell and Role initiative from China. Indo-Pacific initiative, not from the U.S. from Japan, from India, as well as in Indonesia. So this is all the initiative related to this region. Our position is that we welcome all initiatives if it contributes to the maintenance of peace, stability, and prosperity in the region. And the initiative must be open, transparent, inclusive. So this is our position on that. So not only Indo-Pacific. We have many initiatives and those initiatives, if they respect international law, respect self-determinations of the nations. That's we all welcome. Thank you. Minister Tarakano, would you like to go? Very just to that. I think it pretty much said in shorter terms what the Deputy Prime Minister said in terms of the Indo-Pacific. The various versions of that depending upon the country, but it's critical that the fundamental principles of openness, inclusivity, and transparency is what drives all of these initiatives. I think the centrality of ASEAN is also a fundamental element. And therefore, our new southern policy is certainly designed to work with ASEAN towards a generation of momentum for further growth in this fourth industrial revolution age, which means really utilizing the possibilities that technology offers us to enhance connectivity within ASEAN, to close the development gap within ASEAN. And we have sort of a lead experience in this area in the IT sector. Our experience in e-government, e-commerce, and smart cities and smart factories, I think will certainly be something that we can offer to address this challenge within ASEAN of connectivity and development gap. So I think all of these initiatives really should focus on the centrality of ASEAN. And I think if we do so, we have a shared grounding where we can then make sure that these initiatives are complementary. All right, I could just add to that. I think, in my view, the Indo-Pacific concept or strategy is a very important analytical tool to help us understand the region a little bit better. It underscores the connectivity between the Indian and Pacific Ocean as one strategic operating theater. It also underscores the maritime nature of the region and how in the region, security is very much about maritime security. So that's its analytical usefulness. It also has important practical implications. And I think that one of them is to ensure that by having more powers involved in the region, it ensures that no one power dominates the region. So that's the first point. And on the second practical implication, I think, is that it ensures that, well, having buy into this strategy also suggests that countries apart from the United States all subscribe to the principles that Minister Kang highlighted earlier, the principles of openness, inclusivity, and transparency. And that countries in the region actually care about a rules-based order. So I think those are two very significant useful aspects of the Indo-Pacific strategy. Thank you very much, Dr. Park. If I may. Yes, please, Minister. Back in the 60s and 70s, the Japanese economy import oil from the Middle East through Indian Ocean and sold the automobile to North America through the Pacific Ocean. And the seventh fleet of United States Navy ensure the freedom of navigation. And we believe that freedom of navigation is the key for their global economic development. So now what we are trying to do is to connect from eastern shore of African continent through Indian Ocean, through ASEAN countries, through Pacific Ocean to the western coast of South American continent. In order to do that, we need to establish rule-based maritime order. And then we need to increase the connectivity through high-quality infrastructure, meaning that any infrastructure project must be open, transparent, economical, and has to be considered to the financial soundness of recipient countries. And we also need to provide the capacity building for counterterrorism, counterpiracy, maritime law enforcement capability. So that are the three pillars of our free and open Indo-Pacific. Now, United States alone cannot ensure the freedom of navigation in the region. So as you said, it need to be everyone engaged in keeping the sea lines of communication free and open. And that's what we are trying to do. All right, we would like to go back to the audience here. I'm going to bundle two questions together. A gentleman here and a gentleman here, please. Thank you. Hi, I'm Yoshi Hori of Glovis Japan. I think the biggest concern we have is the rising protection from the U.S. And I have a question about the U.S. is leading towards more bilateral agreements. And at the same time, we have a TPP and RCEP going on. How could Asia be as a one to be negotiating against the strong U.S. and to make sure that multilateralism will stay there? Thank you. And a gentleman here. Thank you very much. My name is Kumagai and I'm a chief economist of Daiba, Tokyo, Japan. And panelists pointed out many risk factors. So we are very doomy. So I'd like to ask each panelist to point out the biggest hopes in this area. And also I'd like to ask to avoid the worst scenario and to realize the best scenario, what should we do? And who will be the key player or key driver? We'll start with the first question, please, on protectionism. Anyone like to go first? Yes. Well, we believe TPP is still the best option for United States. I think TPP will go into effect probably by the end of this year. And we are going to start expanding it. Now Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, probably South Korea, and other Latin American countries plus United Kingdom are all interested in joining TPP. It will create a large free trade regime based in Pacific, Asia Pacific. And it'll be very attractive for American industries, American farmers, to join it. So we are still hoping that Trump administration or administration after that will be interested in and will be determined to come back to TPP. Recently we see a lot of high education spreading all over the Asia. Asia produced very good human resource in artificial intelligence, robotics, programming, all high tech industry. And I think that's the core of the future for Asia. And we see more and more human resource is developed in Asia. We are actually supplying out of the Asian region to all over the global. So I think that's what's probably the best scenario. We need to continue investing in human resource. Well, I think Minister Kono has been provided, you know, yes there is, are these protectionist trends, but there is also a huge push to further expand free and fair trade and the TPP initiative is certainly be very important. And as he said, I certainly hope that my country will be able to join sooner rather than later. But there's also a lot of discussions going on to upgrade existing free trade agreements, whether at the bilateral level or at the regional block level. So it's not all protectionist trends gathering steam. There's also a lot of efforts to preserve and further expand the free and fair trade space. I think the President said something very important, I think at the plenary yesterday, which is that the fourth industrial revolution provides us with an opportunity of a world where resources are not limited, but unlimited. Resources are not finite, but infinite. Because what the technology of the fourth industrial revolution enables us is to utilize, you know, to develop human resources to an extent that we were never able to do before with the traditional methods of education, but also use the material resources that we have in much smarter and efficient ways than we have ever been able to. So that hugely opens up the available human as well as material resources that society can use. And I think we have huge potential here in Southeast Asia to really take grasp of that possibility, that the fourth industrial revolution. I think somebody said, don't call it revolution, call it liberation, and that's probably the better framing of the potential that this offers. Of course the pitfall is, as all technological breakthroughs pose, is that if not channeled in the right way, and this is where governments come in, you cannot let these technologies evolve on their own. There has to be some regulatory framework to channel that into ways that benefit the whole of society. And that's good governance, that's good public policies, and that's basically the role of governments. But I think, you know, we should make sure that these new technological advances do not further exacerbate the development gaps within societies between the poor and the rich, between men and women. And I think this is where policy thinking comes in. Alright Minister Khan, thank you very much. I'm afraid, yes please. Yes, I concur with Minister Kono on the importance of the TPP, and we believe in the multilateral trading system, and we support the free trade spirit. That's why Vietnam have served by lateral free trade agreement, as well as multilateral free trade agreement, and we believe that the TPP is the very high standard agreement. That is the most high standard agreement that Vietnam has been participating. So we believe that if the United States join, so we will welcome. And now in the region, we're also negotiating, we are negotiating the asset. This is also the multilateral free trade agreement in the region. So this is oppositionist that we are supported to the free trade agreement. Thank you. Thank you. On the gentleman's question on how Asia can ensure that multilateral trade system remains in the region and is supported, we spoke earlier about the Indo-Pacific strategy. Now that's very much a work in progress, and at present I think its economic dimension is weaker than its security dimension. In this respect, I think the United States lost out an important opportunity to signal commitment to the region economically by withdrawing from the TPP. Now its current focus is on bilateral trade deals, as well as what appears to be private sector-led economic engagement with the region. Now whether that is sufficient to offer out viable alternatives to China's hugely ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, or even to complement it, is an open question. So I think Japan did a wonderful job in terms of leading other nations to go move forward with the TPP, thereby leaving the door open for the United States. And I hope that the United States will reconsider its entry of the TPP. The gentleman over there talked about the greatest hopes for the region. Now my greatest hope is not only to see a region that is strong and prosperous, but also a region that is compassionate and kind to the weakest of its members. Now we've had the conflict in the Rakhine state festive for years now. The most recent manifestations took place two years ago in October 2016 when militant attacks on security outposts in Myanmar led to reprisals which has since led to over half a million people fleeing, many of which are children and women. Now this crisis has been going on for way too long and over half a million children are without education or with very little education. And so what are we going to be as a region going to be doing this as security implications for the region as this problem is allowed to fester? But more than that I think it's just plain wrong that we have people who are without access to basic health care or education and security. I think Bangladesh is trying to do its best. What can we as an international community, we as the region do to promote and facilitate this crisis? We can start small. Perhaps may I suggest a school in Cox Bazaar in Bangladesh and a school in Rakhine state which will have twinning programs where you can exchange of students from the Rohingya minority as well as the Rakhine Buddhist majority in the Rakhine state. Thank you very much. Prime minister you've been awfully quiet. Would you like to chime in? Yes I would say we are using the general slang term Asia's putting the act together and we now got to take responsibility of what happens. Within ourselves we still haven't defined what exactly are we going to do. What is Asia? I mean there are different definitions of it. You have Pacific, you have Asia, Pacific, you have Indo-Pacific. So let's let's be quite definite of what's the area we're going to go but the prosperity of Asia depends on maritime trade and that that we have all agreed on and the need for a free and open, stable maritime order based on rules-based order. So what Sri Lanka is now attempting is to ensure the freedom of navigation within the Indian Ocean. The geopolitics of the Indian Ocean itself has changed with the presence of China and the interest owned by some of the powers. So firstly is to ensure that there's a rules-based order in the Indian Ocean where we build up on the UN clause. So if that could then take some of the tensions. We haven't got the territorial issues that you have in the Pacific. To this fight to succeed, ASEAN has to play a key role because the major to all the choke points come within ASEAN and ASEAN is necessary to ensure. So if you could at least sort out the maritime order in that part of the world then just look at what's left out in the Pacific. Secondly also in treating Indo-Pacific as one area I'm all for it. I think that's Asia but you have to remember the diversity of the Indian Ocean from Pacific. So all stakeholders have to be involved. This is just a start. A start of a new economic order which will see Asia at the center. By 2050 you will see that I mean the whole, if you take the world itself from Korea all the way down to Australia, from Japan all the way down to India, you'd find all these large, some of the largest economies operating in the world and we become the center. So how do we, the responsibility then passes on to Asia on how we maintain such an order what are the rules that we're going to formulate. There was a time when the US looked after the Pacific, the British looked after the Indian Ocean. I was born a subject of George the Sixth King of Ceylon and the British Empire. There are no Ceylon, there is no British Empire. Our Prime Minister, thank you very much. I mean, oh no, we'll take it. I mean we've got so many hands here who like to ask some questions. We'll get three more from the audience, gentlemen here and some on the third, on the third row. Yes, and also here, a gentleman with a blue shirt.  Yes, please, thank you. My name is Kumar KS Kumar of a company called Sutherland. I had a question for Minister Kono. Japan has got an aging population and possibly it is the biggest aging population of the world and you'll probably have only about 80 million people by 2040. So you have on the other hind the human capital in the other ASEAN countries in terms of the youth population which is very, very high. Now, is there a thinking around, if you look back, US, for example, has got several millions of people supporting their businesses from India and the Philippines. So, but Japanese, you know, is there any strategy to leverage the human capital, you know, especially the knowledge services to support the Japanese businesses by, you know, investing in culture and language of Japanese and support Japanese business from Philippines or Vietnam or from any of the other countries which got a high level of human capital. And there's a gentleman there in the blue shirt and the lady there with the glasses. Thank you. My question is also primarily for Minister Kono. So given that indeed climate change is a very serious issue and it seems that we are falling behind in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, how will Japan lead this agenda? One more question, please. Gentlemen here. Thank you, Chair Ilama, young global leader. It is indeed that we are going to the fourth industrial revolution. I think it's rather than a revolution, I think we need an evolution that understanding the complete ecosystem. One of the things I want to ask the panel is, it is a great potential, but how we are preparing our graduates, what are our education policies that enabling our graduates to harness the fourth industrial revolutions that for the good for the human, overall human development? And also what are the best examples that we can take it from here, from each countries, or what each country is collaborating in order to support each other, that we are investing on our future graduates? Should we start with the first question? Minister Kono, Minister Ricci, did you? Sure. Japan's aging and we got the very low birth rate. As a result, we are shrinking by half a million people every year, and we cannot sustain society like that. Well, we are opening up our country. We are opening up our labor market to foreign countries. We are now trying to come up with new work permit policy. I think everyone shall be welcome in Japan if they are willing to assimilate into the Japanese society and shoulder Japan with us. If you look at the U.S. open tennis, we see Naomi Osaka. She's a very new breed Japanese. If we look at Rio Olympic Games, we got Cambridge Asuka, who won us a silver medal in four by 100 meter relay. Matthew Baker won us a judo gold medal. So there are a lot of new breed Japanese, and it gives us value added. And I think more and more Japanese are opening our eyes. It's good to have diversity. It's good to have open policy. So definitely Japan is moving into that direction, and we hope we get a lot of Indian people, Filipino, you know, Latin Americans come to Japan and create new Japan. That would be a wonderful thing to happen. Yes, we need to do more to stop the climate change. To degree, is that enough? Maybe we should aim for 1.5 or even lower. I think Japan need to see the reality. We just cannot listen to that voice of industries. Yes, industry plays a big role, but we have to be in a leadership position in Paris Agreement. So I think we have to have open discussion, and every Japanese need, well, I think every Japanese now realize the climate change is one of the biggest challenge for the Japanese community. So everyone need to get involved in discussion, and we have to really come up with a national strategy what we should do, what we can do. Maybe we need to do more than what we can do now. So what do we have to do to the future? Japan cannot give excuse not to challenge. I think we need to take leadership challenging maybe 1.5 degrees. Okay. The third question was on the 4.0 and the support for the future generation. Deputy Prime Minister, would you like to answer that question? Since one of your key concerns was on industrial 4.0 and the support for the future generation? Yes, we have seen the opportunities offered by the 4.0 industrial revolution. That's for sure. But also challenges. That can affect the production method. For example, the country, the economy depends a lot on the labor intensity. It will affect the model of production economy. Then surely it will affect the labor force. So we had to reskill the labor force in order to adapt to the new technologies. For example, the artificial intelligence, automatic advanced robotics, we take the jobs of the current labor force. So we had to reskill the labor force in that. So the young generation will be affected a lot by the revolution. So I believe that education will be the main focus for any country. Okay. I believe we have a time for one point to that. I think certainly it's a challenge for governments to take the possibilities and the challenge of the technology and design education policies to grow people who are fit for purpose, but also while maintaining their humanity along the way. But I think governments also have to be careful not to get in the way. And I'm thinking of K-pop. Everywhere I go, I'm just amazed at the amount of support and enthusiasm that the Korean pop culture has created in so many different countries. And this is not because of any government policy. It's the creativity and the spontaneity of these young generation who are very agile at utilizing all the technological devices at hand. And so the government shouldn't get in their way. The government's work is to open new possibilities, but certainly to create a regulatory environment that harnesses that creativity and rather than hinders that creativity. It's difficult. It's extremely difficult. But that's why you're in government. Thank you very much. I think we have time for one more question. Hopefully this question will be on the dual politics. We have South China Sea, the Korean Peninsula issue. So yes, gentlemen over there right next to the camera. Oh. Thank you for giving me that last question. Could I address this to Minister Kang and Minister Kono? And in the spirit of ASEAN centrality, may I address you as ASEAN plus three foreign ministers? Would you give us a sense of the what you perceive to be the trajectory of U.S.-China relations? And where does that leave you as treaty allies of the United States? Thank you. Just one more from the audience. Maybe I believe, there you go, the gentlemen right at the back. Chris Malone from the Boston Consulting Group based here in Vietnam. We all look to academics and experts who underscore that multilateralism is probably the way forward, but it seems like bilateralism is the reality that we're living in right now. And since we have Minister Kang and Deputy Prime Minister Pham at the center of the stage, it would be interesting to hear about the South Korea-Vietnam relationship, how that bilateral relationship has served the region and where it might go next. All right, thank you. So just one minute each for the answer. If we may, we are just running out of time, so we'll start with the first question please and then move on to South Korea and Vietnam. Well, if I may answer the question on South Korea-Vietnamese, the relation, I think it's by all accounts mutually beneficial and growing. This Vietnam is our largest trade partnership in ASEAN, largest destination for our investment and largest destination for our visitors to this region. And I think there's like 7,000 or nearly 8,000 Korean businesses finding home here with the full support of the government here. And I think our approach to this relationship is one towards co-prosperity. And so, you know, fitting our engagement that it serves the purposes of the Vietnamese government and people. And I think I could rest that question there. But the U.S.-China relations, and if you look at just the trade side, it does look very at a moment of particular tension. But I think these are two big players in the global stage with strategic calculations that sometimes diverge but also at times converge. And I think on the North Korean nuclear issue, they have converged and both working towards a complete denuclearization and I think there's a shared strategic interest in getting to North Korea's complete denuclearization. And this is also because they are two of the five members of the UN Security Council, the P5 permanent members who have the primary responsibility for peace and security issues around the globe. So I think you need to expand the context to see the two powers engaging with each other at certainly their moments of tension, but I think there are also moments of strategic convergence. I couldn't agree more with Minister Tang Kua Ha on the relationship between Vietnam and South Korea. I think that the relation is very excellent. South Korea is the number one of the investors investments in Vietnam and also one of the biggest trading partners of Vietnam. And also we have the Vietnamese, big Vietnamese communities in South Korea. And also South Korea has a very big South Korean community doing business in Vietnam. So I think that the relation between Vietnam and South Korea is very good. Thank you. Thank you. So since we are in a home stretch of our panel discussion, I found the question to all the panelists. Please give it to one minute if you may. Given all the developments we've discussed so far, do your assessment of the geopolitical outlook in Asia is it more optimistic or pessimistic? Maybe you can start from you, Prime Minister. In the medium term, I would be optimistic. Could see the emergence of Asia. We are redefining ourselves and within it the centrality of Asia of how important ASEAN is going to be the different path of it. And it's not merely Asia, but it's also taking the eastern side of Africa. So it's a whole stretch it will go on to the western coast of USA. And there you could see ASEAN being able to play a role which was not imagined when you started out in the 60s. Thank you. Yes, we have gone many, we have undergone many transformations in the area in the region. So the past lessons give us that we can overcome the challenges. And I'm sure that the now the challenges are greater than before. But we can be optimistic if the rule base is respected. International international law must be respected. And sell determinations of the nations be respected. So we can be optimistic if those conditions are met. Thank you. Thank you very much. Well, that's always a very difficult question for me because the answer is different whether you're talking about today or yesterday or tomorrow or week later or a month later. But I think given the primary foreign policy agenda on my plate at this point which is North Korea's denuclearization and peace in the I think I can be optimistic. Okay. And I think nuclear freak or impenetra that is wholly at peace will certainly be a great addition to to the peace dynamics in this region as a whole. Mr. Kang, thank you. Mr. Kono. Well, someone said optimists are always wrong and the pessimists are always right. But all their big change has been led by the optimist. So I want to be optimist. And if you look at the geopolitical situation, I think we need a strong and workable United Nations. United Nations, especially the security Council, doesn't reflect the reality of today. So I think we need to actually reform the United Nations so that it could take care of a little bit more than what they are doing today. Thank you very much. And Dr. Lin, and Dr. Kwok. Thanks very much. Foreign Minister Kono's quote just earlier, I can only be optimistic. How can I be otherwise? But I think optimism must be rooted in reality. And I think in order to be optimistic about the region as Deputy Prime Minister Min mentioned earlier, we need to have a rules-based international order in the region. Now, that doesn't happen because we like the idea of it, the sound of it. We actually have to work hard towards it. So what does that mean for the powers like the United States and the countries in the region? From the United States, I would like to see greater calls for the rule of law to be abided by in the region. I think it went quiet in the South China Sea tribunal ruling shortly after the ruling because partly because of Manila's reticence, but also because of the implications of the award for its own claims to exclusive economic zones in the Pacific. It should also stand, the international community needs to stand by regional countries when it sees encroachments into their maritime rights or other rights. And from ASEAN, I think ASEAN needs to be far more forward-leaning in terms of standing up for a rules-based order. It sometimes will hurt, but I think that's the price it has to pay in the long run if it wants to see a sustainable piece in the longer term. So I hope I will see that for my region. Thank you. All right. So on that optimistic note, that's the end of the panel discussion. I thank you very much, everyone, for being a wonderful audience. And can we give our ASEAN panel a big round of applause? Thank you very much.


Welcome to the White House. Thank you. Happy prize month. We dropped us at the White House. Far be it for me to tell you who to vote for. I'm not going to do that. But I will tell you who not to vote for. I just want some of these images to kind of sink in and you think about what you're looking at, where you're looking at for these things happening, and then ask yourself these questions or anything that we can do about it.  You are loved. You are heard. You are understood. And you belong. Can we take a little video? Hi Mr. President. It is an honor for trans rights of human rights. Are we dropped us at the White House? We literally have two dudes topless at the White House. One of them is a trans person.  And so we want to promote this. We've got a president taking selfies and so forth. And this just sends an image, not just to our competitors around the world, because how would China, how would Russia, how would Canada or Mexico look at us? I guess we really don't care. But then how do we as US citizens look at this? How do we see this? But then also how do Christians see this? The Bible says, the Bible is clear on this. And we use this passage a lot. And it's certainly applicable today. He says, woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who substitute darkness for light and light for darkness, who substitute bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter. This is where we are. We have these discussions back in the 60s, back in the 70s, and even before then, about once you start making these, this sort of activity mainstream, what's going to happen, people would say we just want to be left alone, left by ourselves, we're not trying to be. Well, we knew it was going to happen, because once you get what we call biblically a deviant or sinful lifestyle room to operate and make it legitimate, well then they're going to want more than that. Because you don't see people who are heterosexual trying to promote this to the degree that you see that. This sexual perversion that we see. Again, this is what we're dealing with. Now, again, as I said, I'm not going to tell you who to vote for, but I'm going to strongly suggest that you do not vote for this man again.  If you're a Democrat and you don't want to vote for the Republican candidate, fine. Pick a different Democratic candidate. Pick someone who is not going to sully the image of our leader. You had a problem with the previous president. You thought that he didn't carry himself with class and dignity and self-worthiness. Maybe that's the truth of that. But you cannot turn around and say that this also is also classy. This is shameful. This is an abomination. And what are we doing? We're doing exactly what the Bible says. Again, we've covered this before. Paul says this. He says that although speaking about homosexuality and other sins, but we're camping on homosexuality and this group that we're talking about, this alphabet group, although they did not know the ordinances of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death. They not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them. If you don't think they're giving hearty approval to those who practice, we're promoting this at the White House. Yeah, we have a problem here. And so my suggestion is you might want to America, we might want to do ourselves a favor and find a new leader. Amen.


when you're walking through as well and wires I know we try to pick them up but you don't want nails going through anyone's feet.


Inside this box are cards graded by PSA, but I can't remember what they are. What's up guys? We're back with another epic PSA return video, but the problem is I can't remember what I submitted. This wasn't even that long ago. I sit at regular service. It came back in like a couple of weeks and I legitimately can't remember the five cards I sent. But before we open that, we have a giveaway. I'll be giving away this Relinquish from Spell Ruler. All you have to do is like this video, be subscribed, let me know your favorite cards from the return, or one you wanna see in the future. Let's go ahead and crack this safe of a box open. But first let's see what grades I predicted for the cards. Let's check out our five cards we'll be submitting. So we have a Grand Neos Ultimate Rare. This is unlimited, but it wasn't very, very good condition, which is why I was like, okay, let's maybe submit this. Back looks pretty good. It doesn't have much going on with the Ulti Stamp. It has a little bit, but usually it's a lot worse. So the corners look pretty nice on it. The back centering is pretty decent. There's a little dot right there. The front centering is slightly off, but not too bad. The corners look pretty decent. They're not perfect. I think centering is its main issue. So we're between a nine and a 10 on this guy. I'm gonna predict a PSA nine on this guy because of the centering, but I do think there's an outside shot at the 10, which is why we're going to send it in. So pretty cool card there. Let's go to the next one. Then we have a Tune Mermaid MRL First Edition. Let's see what this can get. So the centering looks pretty good on this. Top corners look pretty decent. Bottom corner looks decent. And yeah, overall pretty nice card on the front. Looks pretty good. Back is nice on the surface. Top left corner looks nice. What is that? Can't tell what that is. Is that damage? Top right corner, we've got a bottom right corner and then bottom left. All looks pretty good. So the only real thing I can see are these two little dots up here, which I'm not sure what those are. So this is gonna be an interesting one. I think it does have the chance at a 10. I don't know if those dots are gonna matter or not. I could see this being a 10. Honestly, I'm feeling a little pessimistic today. I'm going with a nine on this, but I think it can get a 10. So we'll see what this comes back as. For our third card, we have a mystical space typhoon. There's a couple other cards I was gonna submit and it turns out they were not up to snuff in terms of what to grade. So this top right corner looks nice. Or left, right, I can't tell my directions apparently. Bottom right and bottom left all look pretty good. The surface looks super clean. Centering looks pretty nice on this guy. Maybe a little whitening right there, if you guys can see that. Back looks pretty, ooh, really clean. Okay, corner looks good. Corner looks good. Corner looks good. And the corner looks good. Okay, very nice. So it looks like this card. Honestly, I think that this is PSA 10 potential. There's not much going on with it. I'm gonna predict PSA 10 on this mystical space typhoon first edition. Our fourth card, actually our sixth total, but you guys may have not seen the other two because they were not ready. So this is a millennium shield. My favorite card by the way. I already have a PSA 10 of this, but it's always fun to grade more. So the top left is cool. Top right is pretty good. Little bit of whitening. Bottom right and bottom left. Those are all pretty decent. The card looks pretty decent on the front. So a little bit of whitening on the edge right there. That's about it. Back looks pretty good. Maybe a little bit of scuffing on it. On this left side, if I could see it. Kind of lost it a little bit, but yeah, there it is. So a little bit of scratching there, if you guys can see that. But overall, a pretty nice card. I think bottom left maybe is tiny bit of whitening. Overall, this is a pretty nice card. This is definitely borderline 910 because of the scratching and the whitening, I think it could knock it down. But I also could see this sneaking by and getting the 10. Not a bad 10 overall anyway. Cause like if it's only a little whitening and a couple of scratches, that's not too bad. I'm going to go with the PSA 9, but I think it could get it in. And our final card. We have a blue eyes white dragon. This is a LOB reprint. So the top left corner looks good. Top right corner, good.  Bottom right corner, nice. And bottom left. So sinnering is not perfect, but it's also not that bad. Thing about these reprints is they're always very shiny on the edges. Like if there's any sort of whitening at all, you can really see it. The back surface is pretty good. There's some like little speckles, but that seems to come pretty often on these reprints. Back corners look good. Okay, everything looks pretty good. So this card is pretty nice. Let's check the surface. There's sometimes some scratches in here in these reprints. I'm not seeing too much though. It looks pretty decent from what I can see. I think this does have a chance. I think it was the best of the reprint blue eyes that I had, but just because it's a reprint, they're pretty hard to grade. They often can find something wrong with it. I'm feeling pessimistic today. I'm going with nine out of 10. Hopefully we are not right this time and we don't go five for 500 predictions because we predicted four nines and one 10. But I could see us getting a lot of 10s because I think these are really nice cards and I'm only submitting cards that I think have a chance at a PSA 10. So let's see what they got. All right, now that you guys have been reminded what I subbed and I have no idea, let's go ahead and crack into the actual sub box. Now let's see what we got in our five cards. All right, I was taking all the cards out of the sleeves and I accidentally spoiled what this was and it is shocking. Not gonna lie, it was not one that I was expecting. So let's check this card out and see if we can figure out why it got, obviously didn't get a good grade if it's shocking, but let's just go ahead and look at it. An excellent to men, whatever they call it, six on my PSA Millennium Shield. Okay, now I remember submitting this, a six. So did we miss a bend? That is what we're looking for, a bend or a dent or something like that. The pregrade, I remember it being, I think we thought it had a chance at a 10, right? Nine or 10? We get an excellence in near mints or a to mint. I always forget that it doesn't make any sense. It's just the weirdest thing ever. Excellent to mint six. So there must be some kind of dent. Maybe it's right there. You guys see that? Maybe that's a dent. That has to be it. That's the only thing that would make sense. If you guys remember when we had that blue ice tune dragging that got a six, let's see. That's what it was. It was a dent that was kind of hard to see. Maybe that's what it is. I don't know, but a six. That's a great start. Okay, it was actually in the middle, so it wasn't technically a start. I just accidentally saw it. Maybe we're just getting that one out of the way. Maybe there's better to come, guys. Definitely a slow start to our return. Here's a mystical space typhoon. So let's check this one out on the back. So we have very nice corner there. Very nice corner there. Corner is a little bit less nice, that one, but still not too bad. If you guys see it, maybe a little bit of whitening there. That one looks pretty good. Surface looks pretty good. Let's look for any dents. Okay, this one looks super, super clean. Crispy, very nice. Okay, mystical space typhoon. Buh-buh, mystical space typhoon. There we go, very nice. Corners look good. Centering's not completely perfect, but it's pretty good. That corner looks good. That corner looks pretty good. That's the sleeve behind it if you're wondering what that little thing is. Okay, surface looks very clean. So did we get a nine or a 10 at least, I would think, right? Unless there's some weird dent. What do you guys think? Let me know in the comments. That's very pretty. Let's see. There it is. So we got a six and we got a 10. So that's not too bad. I think the last sale, this card was like super low. So I don't know if that was an outlier. I think it was like around 500. And then once sold for like 300 and something. So that was like extremely cheap. Either way, we'll take that MST PSA 10. Beautiful magic ruler first edition card. Okay, so we got a six and a 10. We'll take it. So we gotta have our six pile way over here. All right, we gotta go like that. Okay, let's see what else we can get. The next card, let's see. Corners look nice. I don't remember what I subbed at all guys. You guys already saw it, I don't, but it's not ringing a bell like seeing these cards. I think I had maybe another magic ruler card in here. What was it? I don't remember. The other night we pulled the other day though. If you guys missed that video, go check it out. That was pretty awesome. Let's cover this up. A Toon Mermaid, that's what it was. Yeah, here's the other MRL card. I think I replaced something with this. It was like, I thought it was gonna grade one card and then it turned out to be a little bit worse than I thought. The service looks absolutely amazing. Toon Mermaid looks really good. How's the sintering? Sintering looks pretty good on this Toon Mermaid. Sintering on the back looks pretty good. Do you guys think we got back to back magic ruler tens? Let's see. Oh, a nine. Oh man, I thought this was it. Is the sintering top to bottom not perfect? It's not perfect, but I don't think that's why. Maybe it had some scratching on it? I don't know. So that's a little bit of a bummer, but it's better than a six. We'll take that. I may have actually predicted that nine and I can't even remember what I submitted. So I don't remember what I predicted either. Okay, very good. I know I didn't predict a six on the Millennium Shield though. I know that for sure. Even though I did predict it on the Toon Dragon that one time, because we found the dent. But Millennium Shield was not valuable enough to actually have kept submitting that. Oh no. Oh no, I forgot. I submitted a reprint. Oh no, guys. If you guys saw the huge 280 card return, you saw what happened to the reprints. It was not good. We got sevens or eights on every single card. Actually no, I think we got a couple, like two nines. Out of like 20 cards. So I don't feel good about this one, guys. Let's see if we can find any print lines or scratching in there. That's just the claw mark thing going crazy. Is there anything that we missed? Ah, it was pretty good. The sintering's pretty good. My prediction is gonna be way off because this is gonna get like a seven or an eight. Oh, I'm so worried about this. What do you guys think? Do you guys think that we can break the seven eight should we get a nine at least? Let's see. Well, just take my advice. Just don't grade these. It's not worth it. They're never in, I guess, good enough condition. I know they do have some scratching on the foil usually, but I didn't think, like I can't even find it right now, you know? It's just, it's kinda like hides in that foil. It's really tough to figure it out. And not too shocking to be honest, after that 280 card return, I'm kind of expecting bad grades on the reprints. Final card, I didn't grade another reprint, thankfully. I was thinking about what I was gonna sub for the next sub and I saw reprints and I was like, nope, never again. I will not submit those. Not worth it because they're already less in value because they're reprints. And then they're just impossible to grade. Oh, this looks like, this kinda has that back texture of like a mid 5Ds card or something like that. What would I have submitted? I mean, that's not a ghost rare, I don't think. What is this? Let's see. Oh, it is an ultimate. It's not a 5Ds card though. This is a grand Nios Ultimate Rare Unlimited. Very cool. The center, I don't think was perfect on this guy. Yeah, it was definitely not very good. So we're really hoping for like a nine, but with this back like rippling that it kinda does at ultimate sometimes. So sometimes they really hammer down on that. So I don't really know. Corners look pretty good on this guy. Yeah, very nice, very nice. Will this get a decent grade? You know, so far we've got a six and eight and nine and a 10. So we're all over the place. We just need a seven. I wouldn't even be shocked if it got a seven because of the rippling. Let's see. Wait. What? A jibbit did? I was just writing this off as a nine because of the sintering. If you look at it, the sintering is not great. We'd have to measure it to see if it gets 60, 40, but it seems like usually 60, 40 doesn't even apply these days, but maybe it does because this thing got a 10. They did not take off for this, which I don't think they should. So I think that's totally okay because this is just literally how the card's printed. But sometimes you'll send one in and they'll get like a five because they think it's like damage or something. But I personally was expecting a nine, but we're not gonna complain about a 10. The sintering is really not that bad now that I look at it, but it is definitely not like 50, 50 for sure.  We're taking that. We'll take another 10. So this was a weird return. Six, eight, nine, two 10s. We're taking anything with two out of five 10s though. So that's not too bad. If you guys enjoyed this video, make sure to subscribe to the channel for more epic content. Shout out to TCG Trust, regards to Tofua Show, it's me Nils, you're Stanley, Mike, Nance, maybe Gekko, Dax, or even Monsieur Jr. Bartig, Anand, Taisho, JT Show, and David FJ. Thank you guys for supporting the channel and I'll see you guys next time. Peace.


This is the Abilemno Pictish Standing Stone I. It forms a group of various stunning Pictish Standing symbol stones in the village of Abilemno near Forfor, with the stones dated to around 500 to 800 AD, and they give us a fascinating glimpse into the mysterious culture of the ancient Picts. In this video, we will unravel the secrets of five Pictish Standing Stones, and look at why the Picts carved these stunning images into stone, but back to the symbology of Abilemno I. The top symbol looks to be a serpent, and animals are a common feature of Pictish symbol stones in general. The middle symbol is much more mysterious, however. It is known as the double disc in Zedrod, but the meaning of this symbol is unclear. Some argue that the double disc represents a wheel of some sort, with the Zedrod perhaps serving as some sort of access to the wheel. Another theory suggests that the disc represents stones which were used for grinding grain, with the Zedrod representing a single stalk of wheat. Now although these theories are definitely plausible, but in a look at it, I think it could represent the sun, or perhaps the sun on the moon, or some other planetary or astrological arrangement. Perhaps the Zedrod represents a thunderbolt as well, or another depiction of nature. Or perhaps the Zedrod was a Pictish symbol of power, as it has that feel to it. The double disc can be found on other Pictish stones with or without the Zedrod as well, which is interesting to note. But what do you think the double disc in Zedrod symbol means? Please let me know in the comments below. The bottom symbol is a mirror and comb, another pretty common Pictish symbol. It may simply reflect the object itself, or it could symbolise marriage or female wealth. Others argue it has a more metaphorical meaning, such as the representation of the soul, or a reflection of life on earth. This is the second Abilemno Pictish standing stone. It is carved from old red sandstone, and it stands around 2.3 meters, or about 7.5 feet tall, and has a much more religious influence. It is located in the Abilemno Courtyard. The stone features a Celtic cross and various intricate Celtic patterns. Many Picts did adopt Christianity, and this stone shows the fusion of Christian and Celtic cultures. The reverse of this stone includes a stunning depiction of a battle in great detail. You can see warriors on horseback, some holding spears, and others seemingly with bows and arrows, or some sort of crossbow in hand. On the bottom right, you can see a warrior appearing to be falling to the ground, perhaps a casualty in this battle. Although debated, one argument that this depicts the great Pictish victory in the battle of Dunecton against the Northumbrians. This is the Abilemno Pictish standing stone 3. It again features a Celtic cross and intricate Celtic patterns. Below the cross is two angels that look to be reading books, perhaps the Bible. At the bottom of this, there are animals, one definitely a deer or a stag, with the other side looking to be a violent depiction of the animal kingdom. On the back of this stone is once again the double disc and z-rod. Above this, it seems to be a version of another mysterious Pictish symbol, the crescent V-rod. The crescent component of this symbol is thought to represent the sun or the moon. The V is often composed of arrows, one pointing downwards and the other upwards, and it has been suggested that it represents the arrival of a soul at birth, or its return upon death. This is Abilemno IV. It depicts a horseshoe and a mysterious symbol known as the Pictish beast. Some argue that the Pictish beast is a representation of a water horse or a kelpie, an important feature of Celtic mythology. Another Pictish stone that was found in a ruined castle, near to Abilemno, is known as the Woodry stone. The stone would have contained a beautiful Celtic cross, although some has eroded, with animals and Celtic patterns around it. The deer contains a warrior on horseback, animals and once again a double disc, but this time with no Z-rod. But why was there such a concentration of Pictish symbol stones in this area? And more broadly, why did the Picts even bother to carve these stunning stones? Very quickly, if you would like to support this work, through Patreon, buymeacoffee.com or through my merch store, all the links will be in the description below. I should also mention as well, I was actually planning on visiting Abilemno in person today, but unfortunately the stones that the Pictish standing stones in the village, or most of them, just at the side of the road, are covered in wooden boxes for the winter to prevent frost damage. So I'm going to make a video on location there next year. Well, in relation to the former question on why there's such a concentration of Pictish stones in that area, Gordon Noble, who's a professor of archaeology at the University of Aberdeen, says that there was perhaps a very wealthy Pictish settlement in that area. And Gordon and his team actually just found another Pictish stone in the last kind of year or two, a find of a lifetime in that area. I actually have his book on the Picts that he wrote a couple years ago, I think with one of his colleagues. That's definitely a good read. And there is different symbols, you know, Pictish symbol stone references and so much information in there, as well as some really nice illustrations of Pictish symbol stones. So you can see in the book in general is packed with so much information, so it is worth checking out in general. But in relation to the second question, why did the Picts bother to carve such beautiful images into stone? Well, as far as I understand, a time machine hasn't been invented yet, unless there's some mad scientist in the crowd that's been keeping a secret. But it is really interesting to note that the Pictish symbol stones and other stones like it around the world basically serve as portals through time. And it is an interesting thought to wonder whether the Picts were aware of that, whether they were aware of the legacy of the need to kind of mark their culture and their beliefs in a moment in time. And these Pictish symbol stones definitely mark the Picts. And they're one of the only real references to the Picts from them that we have in the historical archaeological record, as the Picts don't really write anything down. More obviously the symbol stones were away for the Picts to mark the world around them and their beliefs. Obviously in the Pictish symbol stones we see lots of animals and some mythical beasts as well and maybe some insights into their beliefs and their mythology. It was also an artistic expression for the Picts. Obviously there's lots of skill and detail and time that must have went into carving and designing these beautiful stones. It is interesting to think as well and please let me know your thoughts in the comments below. For the Pictish symbol stones were maybe a status symbol in Pictish culture. I've not really seen too many references to that but it obviously doesn't seem too much of a leap of imagination that perhaps Pictish symbol stones were a real demonstration of power and wealth in Pictish culture in general. Although the Picts remain a somewhat mysterious people, the Pictish symbol stones, the standing stones, give a real glimpse of fascinating insight into their mysterious culture. Now it is interesting to note that the Pictish beast symbol may be a representation of a kelpie. But what is the role of a kelpie in Irish and Scottish mythology? To find out please click here. Like I say if you would like to support this work through my merch store, through patreon or through buyingmeacoffee.com and help me produce better videos, all the links will be in the description below. Please subscribe and hit the bell and tell your friends and family about this channel. Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.


Welcome to Jazz for Justice, a tribute to our freedom fighters and a fundraiser for those behind the wall and those released. Peace and good evening and welcome to Jazz for Justice. Tonight we bring you music, culture and education in the name of freedom and justice. I am your host Valerie Haynes alongside my dear brother Jaheeta Hawker. This event is brought to you tonight by the Northeast Political Prison Coalition and New York City Jericho, two New York City-based organizations who work in support of and on behalf of U.S. health political prisoners. Our first artist for tonight is drummer and percussionist Mr. Warren Smith. He here straight out of Chicago, Illinois and is a force to be reckoned with. He's played alongside renowned artists such as Nina Simone and Miles Davis. Jazz for Justice presents Warren Smith. Here's to all the people unjustly incarcerated and for those of us who are looking like myself not to have been severely incarcerated for a long period of time. We know what it is and we are with you and we pray for you and we'll do everything we can to see the justice is finally observed for all of us. And it's considered to be the most popular his genre. Clay is also a professor at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York. Please welcome Clay Jenkins. Freedom ain't free. Please donate at northeastpoliticalcoalition.wordpress.com. An emcee poet and producer, Cheyenne G has made a permission to inspire and teach through her music. She's been named one of the Bay Area's most standout hip hop artists and continues to empower and educate through her music. Without further ado, Jazz for Justice welcomes Cheyenne G. I'm very happy and honored to be here. I am a family member of Jalil Montiquin. To think that Jalil has been a way for double the amount of my lifetime. It has given me more drive and more passion to be able to put in the work for my people and to learn more about not only him but people like him who have been targeted by the systematic oppression that we all face today.  And then all we hope is that he can one day you know see the product of his work and his mentorship and his leadership. So today I would like to contribute a musical illustration and tribute to a real freedom fighter, a Black Panther, a strong spirit. So, free Jalil, free Amal. Jalil, this one's for you. Love you guys. This song is called Clockwork. Shout out to Will Bracey. Shout out to Ian Kelly. Don't let your work take over your life. Let's get it. Stackin' up the dip.  Work out the mind. I'm just trying to work. Stackin' up the dip. I got a bigger move to serve. Please don't try me. Mama told me I'm selling myself short. If that ain't the toughest pill, I had to swallow. Didn't come out crawling at a school to let fools talk to you to move and holler, but I can't regret to take a feeling. Glad it's about to hit the ceiling. That'll be a waterfall. All you doing is whizzing, knowing about missing. Same when y'all started, same when y'all finished, I left before popping up with that a limit.  See it is tipping me, driving me wild, but you're on me, trippin' me, lost in my zone, you know what this is for me. Right now, I'm sufferin' some regrets. They call it the same. It's called collection. If I can't fit in with you what I do next. Don't mind me. You gon' wish you fit. Mindful. You ever get tired of feeling like trying to say goodbye to you? Believe me when I say I ain't never expect the effort. Tryin' to leverage between the fake gorilla and this world you surrounded by all these stillers. Certified to let you work for painkillers. I kinda not feel it, did it? Keep on it and hurt me wishin' in vain. To live life without that goes without sayin'. Keep me in the hypnotism, I still goin' sane. Mine is still here, but I'm kickin' Randova. Misled to think the cure is a Range Rover. Mine said it's Randova. Tryin' to catch Rover. And then it tipped over. This T-Fart was claimed over. Whoa! Fam, look at Timmy. Gotta bring my back. Oh, they told me ain't no lookin' back.  Cause they don't know the size of this trap. And now I'm talkin' bout a contraption trap. But we do not have a clear freedom map.   Cause how you supposed to hope you still elect at the only time I drop in the park? A vision that Jalil, when he gettin' home, he gonna ride out to something funky. In a, in a six-fold, somethin' like that. Just ridin' out to somethin' like this. This song is called Reality. Let's go. I'm ridin' mouths on these hubcaps. Well, I'm being forced inside of my cap. Sittin' up, hidin' in this warm bowl. But I'mma have folks quote me, no cap. Now, what does it mean to really scratch surfaces? I stay scratchin' till my nails chip. Nappin' dreams of furnace that work the risk. Mask it like, cause I think I found the hints. Words up for challenger. I was a little scavenger. They were huntin' for bread and been answers. And by the looks of things, I guess not much has changed.  And now I'm just sayin' different type of program I was bred into. But sayin' that is almost like announcing every single move. I'm just here to help remind you, guard your pieces. Everyone counts. I learned the hard way. That's why I'm speakin'. It's that you can be mistaken. Can't nobody else face me. This little light of mine has been too late up to not leave the path of greatness. That's my statement with show issue. Everyone got what they been through. Snapbacks on the hide-and-blow. Somethin' new, but I feel the soul. About time I can come to vote. Terminator invading the globe. When I speak it's hard, I ain't a foe. Don't care now, you will tomorrow. Back to bell, shout for show. Think you do right now or know you don't. New decade, can't recognize hope. Brand new bank, I mean the words, though. Ask me if I'm grindin' by the load. One of muscle girls, the more you chose, the more you get these flows. Now I river right up at your door. Special D, don't forget the nose. To underestimate the leap of a toe. Three and one is slow, never cease lonely. Watch your step, whoa. Now watch your step, watch your step, whoa.  No commises, trap on you. Rats and I ain't no cat. Question these jerks and they need to add a bin. Now let's hop it with a cherry on a scoop. Didn't even need to know how to do, cause nobody used to let me. Mine cruiser, but today it's on desk. Throw this signature, only sounding you take as a shake. The day they date for no top of sugar rush.  Ain't nothing wrong, you're about to swirke now. I walk past the crests and the rows and the crests. See I can't stop. Now white head of the cladding. Performing this next song, I want to recite a short piece that I wrote with Jaleel in mind. I heard a song as a child when I was at my grandparents house that reminded me of all the ills and oppression that our people had to go through since the beginning. And I need us to get that out.  So I'm speaking to you unmasked. I finally got in the grip on making sure these words last. And I can't find a better moment than right now. Then to tell them I'm not proud about the skip patches of grass. And this is why half of us owes our intelligence to luck. I know somebody said we're the generation of the most dumb. So young but similar to the older ones because complacency is within us and the spirit system. So come inside my heart and tell me why I'm so young. But knew about strange fruit before the lady with the cane and hunger for wisdom. You let the shame begin. It existed before the crow hung before our eyes. So the ice has melted more under our feet than ever before. But somehow it was used up to heal the same sword. So I saw those with no wings and see for those who gave up their eyesight for the ghetto full of dreams. This is for you Julio. It's a song you want and you got it. Let's go once upon a run. Look to the car that's this believe us. Not in that world again unless I'm safe from misperceive us. Can't find my way out if I stuck with leaving to be us. Like oh so like oh no when she got to preach about her foes. Don't worry bout it I just dilute them into my clothes. Young Osmosis Jones under her own control never again to be exposed. Now if I said I'm out this world couldn't connect with anybody if I'm trying to be heard. But both senses and visions blurred. Not a homie girl she said this oxygen has indeniable worth. Over being understood tired of being overlooked. Now should I give them a minute look down upon like there was never once upon a time. Matter of fact once upon a rhyme could change it all in two times. Off with their head up and looking below. Not even in the same life you'll see paper thin domes. A comfort where you can't easily just ease down a road. Too many peaks with dreams that never never snuff a slope. And it's never something new. Never seen so many colors in a world so blue. And you don't hear that phrase for nothing if you do then it's cool. I'm giving you a warm welcome to the craziest view. But I can suddenly get swallowed but can barely get chewed. And I'm the pocket of the poison that you see on the news. I risked the other way around this normal two kick feels. It's that bloodshot done in all ways of list. That you's hard to never get reflection if there's nobody to match you. The start of negative energy went from being full of themselves to the drop of colonoscopy. Not that check up feeling messed up because I upset the set up. Knock on my blockade and that's what you wake up.   And I know I'm not the only one. What's up? What's up? Once again my name is Cheyenne G. Thank you all so much for watching. I would like to take the time to thank the crew and the band. We got Clay on the set. We got Sheldon on the drums. We got Jackson on the keys. We got Wiley on the bass. To our camera crew we got First Soul. We got Jackie Spejo. Our production manager brother B. And we got DJ on the mixing board. You can find me at CheyenneGMusic.com. Thank you so much for your time. Free Jaleel. Free them all. Till the end. And now bringing to the stage Jihad Abdul-Mumit of the National Jericho Movement which was founded by one of our most beloved and revered former political presidents Jaleel Muntiqin. Jericho Movement has been working to free all political presidents for over 20 years. Won't you please show some bold black love to my brother Jihad Abdul-Mumit. Asalaamu Alaikum. My name is Jihad Abdul-Mumit. I am the chairperson of the National Jericho Movement. And I am here to support Jazz for Justice. And I'm representing my group Jihad Abdul-Mumit and the Jericho Trail Blazers. So I'm not going to do my debut song here. That will come next year. But I do want to explain to you the importance of supporting all political prisoners. You can go to the Jericho website, www, the Jericho movement and see who our freedom fighters are. Some of them, many of them have been incarcerated for going on 50 years now. So how can you support a political prisoner? You can support a political prisoner individually by writing them going to our website and seeing where they are located and sending them commissary money. Support letters. You can get your friends to do letter writing campaigns and parties for them. So communication with anybody incarcerated is a wonderful and beautiful thing. As an organization, if you have a Facebook page, if you have a website page, anything that's an internet presence or social media presence, you can just mention them on your website. Just mention them. Give a link to all organizations including Jericho that support our political prisoners and you can see who they are. Just a mere mentioning of them and somebody looking at your website for whatever your beautiful program is and they can see on the side there, oh, political prisoners. Support political prisoners. You can see who they are. And voila, you're doing a fantastic thing because you'll be presenting them to the rest of the world through your social media base. So like I said, Jehead and the Jericho Trail Blazers will be doing our debut song next year. So stay in tune for that. Thank you very much. Aslamu alaikum. Next up, we present Miss Caroline Davis. Born in Singapore, she currently resides in Brooklyn, New York and is both a talented musician as well as an educator. Caroline plays a saxophone. The flute is a composer and was recently awarded the Jerome Hill Artist Fellowship for her work. Please welcome Miss Caroline Davis. This next artist has made waves with her soulful voice. Danielle Ponder, a native of Rochester, New York has sold out numerous shows in her hometown and has completed three, yes, three European tours. Danielle uses her voice and music to call for freedom and justice. Won't you please show some bold black love for my sister, Danielle Ponder. Did the crime paint more than time and time again? And the laws for the darker man victim comes too slow. Taifa is founder, principal, and CEO of the Taifa Group, LLC, a social enterprise firm whose mission is to advance social justice. Nkichi is a civil rights attorney who has focused on many social justice issues throughout her career, including sentencing, drug policy, policing, prisons, voting, reentry, clemency, racial justice, women, youth, political prisoners, reparations and human rights, and recently released her latest book titled Black Power, Black Lawyer, My Audacious Quest for Justice. Won't you please show some bold black love to Nkichi Taifa. Hello, this is Nkichi Taifa, and I just want to say voter fraud, the audacity.  We know that Fannie Lou Hamer was beaten to within an inch of her life just for trying to register to vote. We know that Mega Hevers was gunned down in his own driveway just for registering to vote, and they call that vote. We know about counting up jelly beans in the jar. And we know about all of those vicious tactics that they use to suppress our vote. And we talk about someone's innocent mistake. That's some jiggy bookie. I want to share with you a piece I wrote in 1977. And again, in 1977, these things were still happening and folk were still in prison. And it's called Cointel.  They open up our mail, tap our phones and kick our phones and railroad us to jail. Angela Davis, Reverend Benchavis, Geronimo and Sopta too. Bruxell McGee all wanted to be free from you. Know who. FBI went so low.  Co is for pro-concounter, which means use against. Intel is for intelligence. Pro is for program. They thought it was a perfect solution. Counterintelligence program to crush the revolution. Cointel, no doubt, in the Mississippi shootout, the RNA 11 still sitting in jail, tried by Pig, Griffin Bell, and Imari over Dolly's in the Beast's belly. Result of Cointel. Women 10-10 still sitting in the pen, as with brother George, instigations and allegations and testimonies forged. Narsada Shakuris chuckled to the bench. The BLA, they tried to lynch that fateful day with all their might on the new Jersey Turnpike. The Black Liberation Army was a target of Cointel. A brother was murdered that day and Narsada and Akoli sitting in jail and it ain't no riddle about Joanne Little, same as Sister Desi Woods, both attacked by apes, attempted to rape new African womanhood. But when they stopped the beast from with the crackers on gun, clearly self-defense.  Prisoners of war are going to make this country war. They have a lot to say. We in the state of siege, the oppressor will not succeed. We will when I say. Fred Hampton and Mark Clark will never depart from our hearts while Cointel's got blacks in jail. This is hell. While Cointel's got blacks in jail. This is hell. And we know that Cointel for all never ended. It just morphed into newer areas and arenas of surveillance, such as black identity extremists, such as Operation Relentless Pursuit. And the list goes on and on. So as we conclude, my few words, we want to go on and continue with this awesome jazz with justice. This is Nikichi Taipa, the author of Black Power, Black Lawyer, My Odacious Quest for Justice. Our next artist, Mr. Bilal Suniali, was a featured soloist for the legendary Gil Scott Huron, Brian Jackson and the Midnight Band. He presently performs with his group, Song of Life Ensemble, is a lecturer and has been a community activist for many, many years. Please join us in welcoming Mr. Bilal Suniali. The first song that I did was called, A Prayer for Everybody in the World. It was written by Brian Jackson. Some of you may be familiar with the songwriting duo of Gil Scott Huron and Brian Jackson. I was a featured soloist. Brian Jackson taught me that song. The lyrics to the song is self-explanatory. I don't need to talk about what it says. If you heard it, if you didn't hear it, play it back. Listen again and pay attention. The second song that I played is a song that I wrote myself. It's called, Look for Me in the World With. Look for Me in the World With is a statement made by Marcus Garvey as he was leaving the United States when he was being deported back to England from the port, from the pier in New Orleans, Louisiana. The song, Look for Me in the World With was used, that same title was used as the title for biography of the New York Panther 21. One of the first cases and one of the strongest cases about political prisoners that again, I insist upon people studying. If you study that case, you will learn a lot. And the first case being, it's titled, You Can Go and Look Up the State of New York or the People Versus Lumumba Chacor. The second case that you should study that many of us were in was called The United States Versus Dr. Moutou Chacor. And that is the case, and that was the case, another case that you should study. Study the many things, many words, definitions. We could come up with a 100 word glossary of things that people need to know that they don't know. So please look up that case, read the book, study about Marcus Garvey, and if you need to, listen to that song again. I seek refuge in the law against misleading and being misled. I seek refuge in the law against betraying and being betrayed into ignorance by others. And I ask a lot of God in my heart and to guide my tongue as to the things I'm bound to say this evening. And I'm not going to say too much. The topic is jazz for justice. The first thing I like, I want to say is that, as I always talk about, we use the term jazz, but jazz is not part of our culture. Jazz is a friend, is a word that came into our culture. A jazz house was a whorehouse. So it's pimp culture. So we, so the next thing that I want to say, not to dwell on that too long, is that those words that I used in the beginning were the words of Eman Jameel Alamein, formerly known as H. Rap Brown. It's a brother who put his life on the line, defending people who would register to vote because they were killing people who were registering to vote at the time when he was organizing in the Black Belt South in rural Alabama in rural Mississippi. In Green County, Mississippi, in Lowndes County, Mississippi, they didn't just register people to vote, but they organized political organizations, political parties, and they ran candidates to vote in order to take over and take control of the area where we lived. It's called self-determination. The practice of voting is a part of the process of struggling for self-determination. The vote in itself does not make you free. You got to use it, and you have to use it intelligently. When you have platforms, and when you have platforms that the community agrees on, then they can decide who will vote, whoever fits that platform. Nobody comes and vote back in those days, in the early days of voter education and voter registration. It wasn't a matter of somebody vote and you vote for them if you like them. No, you decide what the program is, and if they decide that they can fit on that program, then you run them. The community has an organization which runs the people for office. The way they got it going now is backwards. The way they got it going now is betrayal. Just like I said, I seek refuge in the law against betrayal because many people are betraying those people who registered to vote and was educating people to vote and put those early stages of self-determination together. There's so much going on right now. Besides this program, every night, you can turn on it every day, all day long. You can turn on YouTube or somewhere on the Internet and there's something going on about political prisoners. I'd advise everybody to get busy, to get busy with it and stay on it. Study. Study. Train yourself to study and understand what this thing is all about. It's all about self-determination and liberation. It's not about voting. Voting is just a way to get to it. And political prisoners have put their lives on the line to advance this struggle and we have to take care and struggle on behalf of our political prisoners and their families. That's about all I want to say this evening and thank you very much for me being on it. I'm very honored to be part of this program. Jazz for Justice. He is a drummer and a composer. Rob Garcia continues to be a strong presence in New York and the international jazz scene as a sideman and a band leader. He has performed and recorded with band leaders such as Wynton Marsalis and Joseph Jarman and many more. Rob has released six acclaimed albums as a band leader and is founder and artistic director of Connection Works. Jazz for Justice presents Mr. Rob Garcia. Hey y'all, thanks for tuning in. This is Rob Garcia. I am a jazz musician, a drummer and composer from Brooklyn, New York. I am very happy to be taking part and supporting Jazz for Justice. I'm going to play a mostly improvised piece on the drum set. Hope you enjoy it. Here it goes.  That is, let's get to collecting more money. I know that you've heard several announcements about giving but I'm here to encourage you to give to our political prisoners. Remember that freedom ain't free. They've given their lives for our liberation and it's time for us to give for their liberation. We're asking you to make donations as small or as large as you can. Quite naturally, those of you who have a little bit more financial security, we're asking you to also give a little more. I was doing some research on just what it costs, just an average American not living in places like New York and Brooklyn, what it costs for them to live per month. And one of the lowest costs was $5,210 a month. Please remember that our political prisoners come out of prison with nothing. It's not like they're in there earning a living. Many of them, they don't have social security. They don't have pension but what they do have is us. So I am encouraging you now to reach in your pockets, to give as much as you can. A screen will come up with where you can give. And I'm asking you to please, please give. Remember, freedom ain't free. This next performer coming to the stage is Sarah Elizabeth Charles. Sarah has used jazz and rock to tell the stories of our people and to call for change and revolution. Back by her band Scope, Sarah has released three incredible albums and is also a vocalist with the group Ajoya. Won't you please help me welcome Sarah Elizabeth Charles. My name is Sarah Elizabeth Charles.  I wanted to thank Rob Garcia for inviting me here today. And I'm not going to talk much. I'm going to sing more but I wanted to just say that this particular event and cause is very dear to me in my life. As a teaching artist I've been teaching in correctional environments for about six or seven years now. And this particular setting has taught me so much about myself. I've met some of the most humble creative amazing people that I've ever come across in my entire life and I do not say that lightly. And I'm just so grateful that as an artist I have an opportunity to speak to issues of injustice that exist in our society via my musical platform. So I'm just going to try my best. This is my humble offering today for this event. Thanks again for having me. I'm going to sing three songs for you. The first is called Freedom Day and it was written by Max Roche and Oscar Brown Jr. and sung and performed by the great Abby Lincoln. And then the other two songs that I'm going to perform are original compositions. The first is going to be called or is called Blind Emotion and the second is called One World. So I hope you enjoy this music. I'm going to try transcend the screen and put as much energy out there as humanly possible right now. And yeah, thanks. Thanks for listening in advance. Here we go. This first song is called Freedom Day. Whisper listen Whisper listen Whisper now we're free Room is flying Must be lying Can it really be? Don't believe it Can't conceive it But that's what they say Slaves no longer Slaves no longer This is Freedom Day Max and Che Says it's really true Whisper listen Whisper listen Whisper now we're free Room is flying Must be lying Can it really be? Can't conceive it Don't believe it But that's what they say Slaves no longer Slaves no longer This is Freedom Day I can't hear you and I can't see you but I can feel your energy and I can feel the energy of this event. Yeah, even though I'm by myself in this room very, very grateful to be able to perform for all of you. This next song is called Blind Emotion and it's an original composition and that I wrote about inherent bias the idea that bias is not is not something that we have to run away from because it's truth and a reality that we all face. And being able to just say that out loud and acknowledge it I truly believe is the first step to being able to overcome those biases that exist in all of us as a result of our experience as human beings. I do believe we can transcend those and I guess I'm just trying to do it via song. So this is Blind Emotion. This last song is called One World. I like to end sets with this with this particular song because it's really it's really about the idea, the fundamental idea that as human beings we're all a part of the same species and we all need the same things. We need air, we need food, we need water, we need love that has been proven. If we really think about it and take a moment and pause our similarities are actually so much more fruitful and so much more vast than we could ever imagine. There's so much more than our differences in reality. And I try to keep my focus there whenever I am coming across a situation in which I am not able to practice as much empathy as I would like to practice or if I'm not practicing really being able to take my judgment of a situation out of the equation because in reality I am not the person to be judging other human beings in the first place. I'm actually not even the person to be judging myself. So this song is really just in tribute to the idea that we are really all one as human beings. We need the same things and we love in the same ways and if we keep our focuses on those similarities more than our differences I just I don't know I believe that I believe the world can be a better place and I know that sounds cliche but I also happen to believe it's true. So that's what this song is dedicated to that sort of naive very hopeful idea. This is one world. Release, we want this place. Thank you again so much for listening for being here as a part of this Jazz for Justice event. It's an honor for me to be here. My name is Sarah Elizabeth Charles. I'm sending all of you positive and healthy energy and thank you again for listening. Take care. Born in Buffalo, New York. This next artist is the protégé of the late and great musician Mr. Charles Mingus. Bassist Sabu Adiola has performed at venues all over the world alongside artists such as renowned pianist Ahmad Jamal, Big Joe Turner and many more. Please give it up for Mr. Sabu Adiola. Raymond Wimbush is a scholar, activist and author. His writings and research have helped us to understand the impact of racism and white supremacy on the global African community. He is currently the resource professor and director at the Institute of Urban Research at Morgan State University. Please welcome Dr. Raymond Wimbush. You know I'm always amused when I hear people from the government say in defense of the United States we don't have political prisoners in the United States. A political prisoner for example is somebody like Nelson Mandela. In fact the United States has always had political prisoners since the inception. Martin Luther King was a political prisoner for many arrests that he did because he was demonstrating against injustices of this country so the Cali House during the 1920s when she tried to give reparations for ex enslaved Africans in this country or in more modern times Angela Davis who was wrongly arrested. Jamil Alameen and of course probably the most famous political prisoner in this country Mume Abou Jamal. What the United States government does very cleverly is to get a person criminalized that they want to get rid of put them in jail and hope that they will die or their movement will be quelled. I'm asking everybody who's listening to this video to please learn more about political prisoners in this country and to give generously and to be connected to at least one so that you can help him or her escape the injustices of the United States. Thanks. Next up we have Ms. Camille Thurman. Camille is a vocalist, instrumentalist and composer who has made a dynamic contribution to the world of jazz. She has shared the stage with the likes of Winter Marcellus, Kayla Bell, Alicia Keys, Janelle Monay to name a few. Please join us in welcoming Camille Thurman. Thank you so much for joining us as for justice it's an honor to be performing for you and we hope that this music will uplift and inspire everybody watching and also move people to support this wonderful cause that's helping people find. This next tune we're going to be doing for you is actually it's a tune that was an oldie but a goodie that I rearranged and we're hoping that this might give you some some good energy. This is called the world is waiting for the sunrise. Again we want to say thank you to Jazz for justice for having us please if you find it upon your heart please support this cause it's helping and saving so many people's lives. Once again I'm Camille Thurman this is Daryl Green and Ron Belcher. We hope to see you soon we're going to close this set with a composition entitled My Shining Hour. In Goma Hill is a performance poet, multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter. Artivist, paradigm shifter who for over 45 years has used culture as a tool to raise socio-political and spiritual consciousness to work that encourages critical thought. Won't you please help me welcome our final performer for tonight in Goma Hill. Ain't free. Please donate at NorthEastPoliticalCoalition.wordpress.com I'd like to thank, give praise and acknowledge all of our musicians, performers and speaker who volunteered both their time and their talent for tonight's event. Of course we give praise to our organizing committee Natasha, YAH, Adeline and NYC Jericho, Nina, Rob, Bilal and Carolina to all of those who continue to do the work to support our freedom fighters. A very special shout out to Hella Back Podcast for having us and to community movement builders for endorsing tonight's event. Last but definitely not least, much love and appreciation to our political prisoners still held in confinement who have made and continue to make ultimate sacrifice. Continue to inspire. Our freedom fighters fought for us. The time is now for us to bring them home. Free Sundara Koli, Free Russell Mulrush Oates, Free Dr. Mutulu Shukua, Free E-Mam Jameil Alamee, Free Ruchel McGee, Free Romaine Chip Fitzgerald, Free Ed Poindexter, Free Ravindra Bowers, Free Kamau Siddiqui, Free Mumia Abu Jamal, Free David Gilbert, Free Amal. Thank you for attending Jazz for Justice. Never forget that freedom ain't free. It is our duty to liberate those who fought to liberate us.