Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course Introduction to Paninian Grammar. In this lecture we shall study the principle of compositionality which underlies the overall grammatical system of the Paninian grammar. We have so far seen the process of speech production. We studied several aspects of it in detail, the internal cognitive aspects and then the physical or the biological aspects which then produce the speech which is audible and the speech thus produced looks like the one that is presented on this slide. So we have 6 meanings stated on the left hand side over here and then 6 shabdas also stated on the same slide and then it is these shabdas which get converted into the audible speech. So if we read the meanings, Ram goes to a village and it has a correlation with Grammangatshati Ramaha. Ram goes to a school, this is the meaning which has got the correspondence to Shalaamgatshati Ramaha. Mohan goes to a village has correspondence to the shabda Grammangatshati Mohanaha. Mohan goes to a school has correspondence with Shalaamgatshati Mohanaha. Ram sees a school has correspondence with Shalaamgatshati Ramaha and finally Mohan sees a village has correspondence with Grammangatshati Mohanaha. So the shabda that is stated in terms of these 6 sentences is what gets converted into the audible speech symbols. The earth that is presented on this slide is actually of a different kind in a different form. For the sake of convenience, we have taken it into English. We shall study the technical sentence meaning in the later part of the course and the details of it in the advanced level course. But for easier understanding, we have given the meanings in a different language. For the sake of convenience of all, we noted them down in English. Another important fact to be noticed from these 6 sentences presented to you and the 6 sentence meanings presented to you. And now I am using the word sentence meaning and sentence. This on the left hand side is sentence meaning. This is a sentence. All these 6 sentences and these 6 sentence meanings. So they are all put in one square bracket. Each sentence meaning is put in one square bracket and the corresponding sentence is also put in one square bracket. This has some significance. The significance is such that the meaning in this case the sentence meaning is one unit and the shabda or the sentence is also one unit. One unit of sentence meaning gets expressed into one unit of a sentence that is the idea. We have also seen that in the process of speech production described in the Panamanian grammar Atma-Buddhya-Sametya-Arthan comes in at the first stage and so the meaning gets collected and then comes the shabda. This meaning is not unrelated to shabda. We have already studied the concepts of Arthakasha as well as the concept of shabdakasha. The location for both these is the intellect of the speaker. What is called as buddhi? Both are buddhist but are interrelated. So both these Arthakasha and shabdakasha they are explained by the sentence Atma-Buddhya-Sametya-Arthan. So in this case also the meanings which are mentioned on the left hand side in a bracket they and the sentences which are mentioned on the right hand side in the brackets they both which are interrelated it is the meaning which is the conveyed and it is the sentence which is the conveyor they both are decided at the level of Atma-Buddhya-Sametya-Arthan and then the shabdas get the expression in the form of the speech which is audible. This is the intention of putting a square bracket after the sentence meaning and the respective sentence. Let me repeat following the process of speech production described by Paninian grammar it is the meaning which acts as the cause and the shabda which acts as the effect in the process of speech production and so Arthas are shown on the left hand side as the cause and the shabdas which express them remember these two are still part of the intellect part of the buddhi but still there is this cause and effect relationship and then this shabda gets the audible form through the maneuvering of the breath propelling it up sending it to the oral cavity and putting some pressure on it and tongue shaping it in a particular manner and then getting thrown out this audible speech is an expression of the shabda which exists in the intellect as the result of the Artha that is collected. So one meaning unit gets one sentence unit. Second meaning unit is associated with or is expressed by the second sentence unit it is a one-to-one correspondence one unit conveyed one unit the conveyor that is all the significance of this statement will be clear in a while. Just as the shabda is collected at the stage of atma buddhya sametya arthaan we also observe from the rules of panini that the speech thus produced also consists of the svara. Now here are the same examples that we have already studied when we studied the meaning artha as well as the shabda and we took 12 sentences and we divided them into two data sets and here is the first data set with the accent marks shown that is why this is called data set 1.1 and so we have six sentences and now you see there are some accent marks over here for example we have the first sentence gramam gachati ramaha so here m is shown with a vertical bar on top of it and ra is shown as having a horizontal bar beneath it and gachati is shown without any accent mark. So now let us look at the concrete examples by looking at the sentences so earlier when we studied the compositionality in the meaning as well as the words artha and shabda we studied 12 sentences as examples and we also classified them under two groups and we call them data set 1 and data set 2. In the first data set we had the first six sentences which are reproduced in this slide and the second data set consisted of the sentences numbered 7 to 12 which will be part of the second data set of course which will be part of the upcoming slides. Now we have also shown the same sentences with the accent marks so if we look at the first sentence which is gramam gachati ramaha here there is a vertical bar on top of this letter m and then there is a horizontal bar which is below this letter a or ra the word gachati there is no symbol and so on and so forth. You will see similar marks existing in all sentences then we also observe another set of meanings and another set of sentences corresponding to the set of meanings these are the villages being reached by Ram which is corresponded with Ramayana gramo gamyate the school is being reached reached by Ram this has correspondence with Ramayana shala gamyate the village is being reached by Mohan has correspondence with Mohanena gramo gamyate the school is being reached by Mohan has correspondence with Mohanena shala gamyate the school is being seen by Ram has correspondence with Ramayana shala drishyate and the village is being seen by Mohan has correspondence with Mohanena gramoha drishyate now once again there are these seven sentence meanings six say once again there are these six sentence meanings from 7 to 12 and six sentences from 7 to 12 once again there is a one to one correspondence one unit giving rise to one another unit one sentence meaning unit causing the one sentence unit to get expressed in the form of the audible speech and express this meaning as well we observe that there is some similarity as far as the meaning is concerned and also the wording is concerned with the previous set of sentence meanings and sentences we shall study this in a while in the same lecture but let us also observe that in this second set of sentence meanings and sentences 7 to 12 we also have the accent included in the Ramayana gramoha gamyate sentence we have accent marked on the middle in the word Ramayana and so Ra has anodattamarkar Anu has this varitamarkar in gramoha Moh has udatt and gra has anodattam and gamyate is anodattam throughout the anodattam in agar which comes immediately after anodattavavalin mo is marked with swarita and the rest which are having no sign they are to be considered as prachaya so Ramayana gramoha gamyate similarly Ramayana shala gamyate then Mohanayana gramoha gamyate then Mohanayana shala gamyate Ramayana shala drishyate and Mohanayana gramoha drishyate they have more or less the similar pattern of accent so this accent also as we said earlier is part of the shabdakashya related to these seven sentences related to these six sentences from 7 to 12 and also this shabdakashya is related to the arthakashya which was mentioned in the previous slide now we can say that sentence meaning one is giving rise to sentence one together with the sentential accent one this is the speech in communication from the point of view of speaker so in the intellect of the speaker the sentence meaning one appears first as far as atma buddhya samitya arthan is concerned linked to this sm one which is part of the arthakashya is s one which is part of the shabdakashya which is qualified by its accent so accent is not entirely different than shabdak but an additional important feature so when we show the layers of the speech production in paninyan grammar we can show three layers meaning artha shabdak and then swarra accent but we must note that accent is in fact a part of the shabdak and so that is why it is written within the parenthesis inside the square brackets delimiting the sentences the point we want to highlight here is that the sentence meaning one acts as the cause for the sentence one to be produced together with the sentential accent one sentence meaning two which is the cause of the sentence two together with the sentential accent two these are still part of the buddhi which then gets converted into the audible speech sentence meaning three is the cause for the production of sentence three together with the sentential accent three remember this is still part of intellect which can which then gets converted into the audible speech sentence meaning four is the cause of sentence four and sentential accent four sentence meaning five is the cause of sentence five and sentential accent five sentence meaning six is the cause of sentence six together with the sentential accent six also sentence meaning one to six they are all one unit giving rise to sentence one to six which are also individual one unit these are one units that is the most important part and this will be clear in a while so when we go to the next set once again from the point of view of this speaker we see that sentence meaning seven is the cause for sentence seven one qualified by sentential accent seven sentence meaning eight causes sentence eight qualified by sentential accent eight sentence meaning nine causes sentence nine together with sentential accent nine sentence meaning ten causes sentence ten together with the sentential accent 10, sentence meaning 11 causes the sentence 11 together with the sentential accent 11 and sentence meaning 12 causes the sentence 12 together with the accent, sentential accent 12. This is the description of the speech in communication in terms of the cause and effect from the point of view of the speaker. So, it is the speaker which collects meaning first and then produces the sentences and then this entire buddhi gets converted into the audible speech. This is from the point of view of the speaker. Let us now see what happens as far as the hearer is concerned in the process of communication. So, the hearer comes into contact with the sentence first which is clearly audible and this sentence is qualified by sentential accent 1. Now, this audible speech gives rise to what is shown on the slide, the sentential accent qualifying sentence, sentence 1 qualified by sentential accent 1 which is part of the shabda kasha in the intellect of the hearer and this sentence 1 in the shabda kasha of the hearer gives rise to or causes the sentence meaning to get generated in the artha kasha which is part of the buddhi of the hearer. Similarly, for the hearer sentence 2 which is clearly audible and qualified by sentential accent 2 gives rise to the sentence 2 together with the sentential accent 2 in the shabda kasha of the intellect which then gives rise to the sentence meaning 2 which is part of the artha kasha in the intellect of the hearer. Similarly, sentence 3 together with the accent 3 in the shabda kasha which is generated by the actual audible speech of this form sentence 3 qualified by sentential accent 3 this shabda kasha gives rise to the sentential meaning 3 which is part of the artha kasha of the intellect of this hearer. Same is the case with sentence 4 together with the sentential accent 4 which is a clearly audible speech giving rise to the sentence 4 together with the sentential accent 4 in the shabda kasha which causes the sentence meaning 4 to get generated in the artha kasha in the buddhi of the hearer. Similarly, sentence 5 together with the sentential accent 5 which is the clearly audible speech which gives rise to the sentence 5 and the sentential accent 5 as part of the shabda kasha which causes the sentence meaning 5 to get generated in the artha kasha of the intellect of the hearer. Similarly, sentence 6 together with sentential accent 6 which is clearly audible gives rise to sentence 6 together with the sentential accent 6 as part of the shabda kasha which causes the sentential meaning 6 which is part of the artha kasha. If we look at the second set of meanings and sentences from the point of view of hearer we can continue saying that it is the sentence 7 qualified by the sentential accent 7 which is the clearly audible speech which gives rise to the sentence 7 qualified by the sentential accent 7 in the artha kasha in the shabda kasha of the intellect which gives rise to the artha kasha in the form of sentence meaning 7 of the intellect of the hearer. It is the sentence 8 together with the sentential accent 8 which is clearly audible which gives rise to sentence 8 qualified by sentential accent 8 which is part of the shabda kasha. The sentence meaning 8 which is part of the artha kasha as far as the hearer is concerned. Then the sentence 9 together with the sentential accent 9 which is the audible speech which gives rise to the sentence 9 together with the sentential accent 9 in the shabda kasha of the hearer which gives rise to the sentential meaning 9 which is part of the artha kasha in the intellect of the hearer. Sentence 10 together with the accent 10 which is clearly audible gives rise to the sentence 10 together with the sentential accent 10 which is part of the shabda kasha in the intellect of the hearer which gives rise to the sentence meaning 10 which is part of the artha kasha in the intellect of the hearer. Sentence 11 which is qualified by the sentential accent 11 which is part of the audible speech which then generates the sentence 11 qualified by sentential accent 11 which is part of the shabda kasha in the intellect of the hearer which then generates sentential meaning 11 which is part of the artha kasha in the intellect of the hearer. And finally, sentence 12 together with the sentential accent 12 which is audible speech which gives rise to the sentence 12 qualified by the sentential accent 12 which is part of the shabda kasha which gives rise to the sentence meaning 12 which is part of the artha kasha in the intellect or buddhi of the hearer. So, in case of the hearer it is the sentence together with the accent it is the sentence qualified by the sentential accent which acts as the cause of the sentence meaning both generated in the intellect buddhi of the hearer. As far as the speaker is concerned it was the sentence meaning aspect which was acting as the cause producing the effect in the form of the sentence qualified by the sentential accent. This difference needs to be noted and this has to be understood very clearly and that is why this cause and effect relationship is highlighted upon by us in this lecture in an individual fashion. So, in brief we can sum up this explanation by saying that sentence meaning is part of the artha kasha. Sentence meaning represents the internal or the initial stage of the process of speech production. Sentence meaning represents the causal stage of the process of speech production as far as the speaker is concerned. One sentence meaning as one undivided unit in the intellect of the speaker is the cause of the speech thus produced. There are 12 sentence meanings which act as a cause of 12 sentences with sentential accents. Sentence is part of shabdha kasha. Sentence also represents the internal or initial stage of the process of speech production and also it represents the external most that is audible speech, audible stage of the speech. This audible stage as well as the internal stage they both are referred to by the same word sentence but that distinction needs to be understood. The audible stage of speech which is the external most stage is the expression of this internal or initial stage of sentence which is part of the shabdha kasha. This distinction needs to be clearly understood and grasped by the student. This is extremely fundamental as far as the Paninian grammatical tradition is concerned. So, this sentence represents the causal stage of the process of speech production and the sentence also represents the external most or the audible stage of the speech production. One sentence as one undivided unit in the intellect of the speaker is the cause of the speech produced which is one undivided unit. There are 12 sentences in the shabdha kasha which act as a cause of 12 audible sentences with sentence accents. We also noticed that as far as the hearer is concerned the position of the cause and effect changes in terms of the shabdha kasha and arthha kasha. As far as the hearer is concerned the audible speech acts as a cause giving rise to the shabdha which in its turn gives rise to the arthha kasha and then we say that the process of communication has happened. It can happen successfully. If it does not happen successfully then there is a possibility that the hearer may ask for a repeated occurrence and so on and so forth. This is how the process of speech production as part of the communication in general can be expressed using shabdha kasha as well as arthha kasha in which compositionality plays a crucial role about which we shall speak more in the coming lecture.


They let you keep it it's kind of messed up, but they don't let you keep it. Hi as someone who has lost a body part I'd like to comment on this it is pretty messed up. They don't let you keep it I really tried to keep my leg when they removed it because it's mine I grew it well technically my mom grew it besides the point unless you claim religious reasons or unless her doctor is Especially cool because I've had friends who were able to keep their body parts They take it from you in surgery they take it away You don't get to see it and then they cremate it often at a later date like in batches So for my understanding my foot could have just been sitting on a shelf somewhere for like 30 days Which is super weird to think about anyways. Yeah, they they don't they don't always let you keep it


From VOA Learning English, this is the Help Report. Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of severe depression. That was the finding of a recent study that builds on earlier findings. They showed that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression or severe depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels, and thoughts of death or suicide. In the recent study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during the nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light.  After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the least amount of water. Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appeared to be more depressed than those seeing red. For VOA Learning English, I'm Laurel Bowman.


Good morning everybody. It's my honor to be here today as we recognize and celebrate police officers and members of our community for acts of bravery and remarkable community service. Policing is a very challenging profession, but we're very fortunate in the city of Vancouver that for the past 130 years, since 1886, we've had such hard-working men and women who dedicate their lives to keeping Vancouver safe, risking their own personal safety to assist total strangers in their time of need. While everybody's at home at bed, at night sleeping, police officers are out there 24-7 responding to 911 calls, heading into often dangerous situations and keeping the public safe. I think it's easy in a free and democratic society to take things like that for granted, and with Vancouver being such a safe city, I think we do take it for granted sometimes, but we really shouldn't. I'm proud of each and every one of the officers that's here today. Thank you very much, and I hope you enjoy the ceremony. As mentioned, we will start with the awards of merit. On the afternoon of January 5th, 5th, 2015, Cana Sato and Jessica Trinowski were walking across the Broad Street Bridge when they saw a man climb onto the protective railing, intending to jump to his death. For their selfless, brave actions and for saving the life when many others chose to stand outside the fray, Jessica Trinowski and Cana Sato are awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award of civilian bravery, the award of merit. When a police officer needs assistance, they can't always count on members of the public to come to their aid, but they can if Garrett Allen Hopper is nearby. For running to the aid of a police officer without hesitation or thought of his own safety, Garrett Allen Hopper is awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award for civilian bravery, the award of merit. It is difficult to predict how one might react, hearing a young woman screams in the middle of the night while walking down a city street. For James Curry, that reaction was pure instinct. Without any concern for his own safety, he quickly approached where the screens were coming from and found a man attacking a woman who was laying on the ground. For running toward danger and stopping the attack and sexual assault of a young woman and giving valuable information that led to the identification and arrest of the person responsible, James Curry is awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award for civilian bravery, the award of merit. Most parents try their best to ensure their children grow up to be model citizens. Witnessing that become a reality, it's priceless. When the Hattons set out for the airport on August 5th, 2014, looking forward to their family vacation, they could not have imagined the detour their day would take. For coming to the assistance of a fellow citizen and alleviating her suffering without any concern for their own safety, Brian and Graham Haddon are awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award for civilian bravery, the award of merit. Vancouver Police Constables Manget and Martin were called to the Vancouver Convention Center on September 23rd, 2015 for a port of a man causing a disturbance. When the officers tried to speak to him, he attacked them. David Green was walking by when he spotted the struggle. With no thought for his personal safety, he didn't hesitate to join the melee. For risking serious injury to help two Vancouver Police officers struggling to arrest a violent man, David Green is awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award for civilian bravery, the award of merit. It was the afternoon of October 11th, 2014, a perfect day for a walk, as Jonathan Fain and Michelle Young approached the mid-span of the birdshoe bridge. They were alarmed to see a woman clanging over the railing. Without hesitation, rushed towards her grabbing hold as she struggled to break free. For their selfless and heroic actions in the face of grave danger, Jonathan Fain and Michelle Young are awarded the Vancouver Police Board's highest award for civilian bravery, the award of merit. This civilian award recognizes a citizen who has made an outstanding contribution towards crime prevention and improving safety at the community and neighborhood levels. For over 17 years, Ms. Adrienne Belage has worked to make South Vancouver a safe place to live and work, beginning as a volunteer with the South Vancouver Community Policing Center and becoming the executive director in 1998. She led the organization from its modest beginnings to its status today as a major non-profit community safety organization, boasting more than 150 volunteers. A chief constable unit citation is defined as two or more members, police or civilian, working together. For diligent sustained effort in the performance of their duties, well above that which is normally expected, or for an outstanding performance in relation to a single investigation, operation or incident, as well for developing a method or program that significantly affects the operational one or more divisions in the department. We live in a high-tech world with high-tech crime. It takes a certain type of police officer to combat criminals and terrorists who use cell phones and computers. In 2007, Detective Constable Les Ray developed the investigative technique of using a virtual machine to copy a suspect's seized hard drive so evidence could be viewed remotely by investigators. This is a technique now used by police agencies all over the world. For groundbreaking investigative techniques and long-term sustained performance at an expert level since 1999 and for their exceptional dedication, skill and judgment under extreme increases in workload and information overloads, the following members of the Technological Crime Unit are awarded the Chief Constable's unit citation. Sergeant Wayne Dory, Detective Constable John Bjornsson, Tom Callahan, Mark Fenton, Tim Greenwood, John Piper, Tim Ward, Les Ray and Nancy Yingling. On the morning of February 12, 2014, police were called to an apartment where a mentally disturbed man was trying to kill himself with a knife. For demonstrating the highest level of courage and commitment to saving a life while using the least violent means necessary, the following members have been awarded the Chief Constable's unit citation. Constable Zachary Fedora, David Hopp, Calvin Hattan, Chris Koch, Inderjeet Warich and Nurse Carleen MacDonald. Imagine the desperation of a 17-year-old boy who is so intent on killing himself that he climbs over the outside of a railing on a bridge. A determined group of VPD officers were going to make sure he did not succeed. Vancouver Police received a 911 call around 2.30 in the morning on May 28, 2015, reporting a young man mid-span on the Cambie Bridge on the outside of the railing. For working as a team, rushing into chilly and contaminated water in the middle of the night to save the life of a distraught young man and ensuring everyone returned safely home, the following officers were awarded the Chief Constable's unit citation. Sergeant Mark Christensen, Constable Eric Jordan, James Leishman and Emily Ovington. We will now present the Chief Constable's commendations. The Vancouver Police Department's Chief Constable's commendations can be awarded to police officers and civilian staff who demonstrate over the course of a single investigation, operation or incident, their skill, judgment, dedication or integrity in the performance of their duty or for demonstrating the highest standards of police conduct or humanitarianism in a single operation, incident or investigation, or for the diligent and sustained effort in the performance of duties or for developing a method or program that has a positive effect on the operation of the department. When the 9-1-1 call came in from a witness who saw a car driving into the water from the Vanier boat ramp, Constable's Ishmael Ababa and Nicholas Wong responded in minutes. And finally when he realized what was happening, he hit the gas instead of the brakes. For rushing into the freezing water in the dark of night, rescuing an elderly man and his dog from a sinking car, Constable's Ishmael Ababa and Nicholas Wong are awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. Constables Cameron McKay and Inderjeet Waritch were driving back to the crime scene after taking a break. When they saw a car, they had linked to a possible suspect. They immediately began to follow the car, but the driver started driving recklessly in an attempt to avoid arrest. Constable Rich Lee, a police dog handler, heard the call and knew there was an urgent need to stop the suspected murder before he could hurt anyone else. For their quick actions and bravery and identifying and capturing a brutal murder, Constable's Rich Lee, Cameron McKay and Inderjeet Waritch are awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. It is the anguish and pain of not knowing where your loved one or family member is or what has happened to them that drives people to the VPD's missing persons unit. Funding the answers to their questions and dealing compassionately with their anguish is the job of Detective Constable Raymond Payette. Few, if any, have done better. For solving the many mysteries that haunt those left behind and for his unassuming determination and commitment to duty, Detective Constable Raymond Payette is awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. While police officers mentally prepare for any number of emergencies that might come their way, encountering a life-threatening fire and rescuing residents from a burning building is not a common scenario they contemplate. For running into a burning building to rescue residents from serious injury or death without concern for their own personal safety and suffering injuries as a result, Constable's Greg Bismair, John Gravingard, to Ginger Parmar and Nicholas Thompson are awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. In the morning hours of December 5th, 2014, a man walked into a Surrey grocery store and stabbed one of the employees. He fled into a passenger seat of a vehicle parked outside, brandishing a large butcher knife. He forced the man behind the wheel to drive. He was arrested for kidnapping, assault with a weapon, assault causing bodily harm, flight from police, and dangerous operation of a motor vehicle. For doggedly pursuing a dangerous suspect, despite serious injury and life-threatening danger, Constable's Brian LeCain, Neil Logan, and Simmerick were awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. It was July 22nd, 2015, when Constables Viet Hoang and Paul Hobbs were nearing the end of their night shift and their work week. A robbery call came in and despite working in a different district, they raced to the scene to assist. For placing themselves in grave danger to pursue an armed suspect and demonstrating admirable devotion to their duty, Constable's Viet Hoang and Paul Hobbs are awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. On June 15th, 2013, just after 5 p.m., Sergeant Malcolm Evanson and Acting Sergeant Christopher Glanville were on routine patrol near East 8th Avenue and Victoria Drive. The officers thought they could faintly smell smoke and were instantly on alert. For rushing into a burning building, navigating through thick smoke and extreme heat to rescue residents, Sergeant Malcolm Evanson, Acting Sergeant Christopher Glanville, and now Sergeant John Ward are awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. When Detective Constable Ma came to the VPD Drug Unit, he quickly learned that while suspects were being criminally charged, their assets from illegal activities were left untouched. In essence, while they might go to jail, in many cases they were still allowed to profit from their crimes. For writing an injustice and working within the law to make criminals pay, exemplifying the VPD's commitment to communities, public safety and the victims of crime, Detective Constable Dwayne Ma is awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. Anyone who knows Sergeant Kevin Bernardin is aware of his lifelong admiration for the superhero Batman. While Vancouver may not be Gotham City, we still have our superheroes and Sergeant Bernardin would definitely qualify. Every organization dreams of having this kind of leader, one who exemplifies commitment, passion and dedication, both within the VPD and the community. For consistently demonstrating exceptional skill, judgment, dedication and integrity, and for leading with compassion and commitment, Sergeant Kevin Bernardin is awarded the Chief Constable's commendation. We will now present the 2015 Police Officer of the Year Award. Since its inception in 1987, Vancouver Police Department's members have annually recognized one of their own and does it as a police officer of the year. In spring each year, VPD members are invited to nominate fellow officers whom they think exemplify excellence at work, outstanding service to the community and demonstrated leadership. Nominations are detailed and contain supportive evidence and examples under each of the three categories listed above. The nominations are reviewed by the commendation board and votes are cast. For the first time we are presenting this award at our annual commendation ceremony. I am pleased to announce that Constable Sam Cremorano, canine unit and emergency response section has been selected as the 2015 Vancouver Police Officer of the Year. For continuously going beyond the call, improving the service that VPD provides to the public and for making the city of Vancouver a safer place, Constable Sam Cremorano is our 2015 Police Officer of the Year.


In this video, we will show you how to perform a liquid-liquid extraction for a separation. To perform a separation, you will need one metal ring to hold your separator funnel. And you need to attach this to the fume plate. When the ring is properly attached, you can take your separator funnel. Use the separator funnel, which is of sufficient size to hold your crude product and any washing liquid you intend to use. Place it in the metal ring. You will need several elemires to hold L the fractions you intend to collect. Place one of them under the separator funnel and close the tap. To pour in any liquid into your separator funnel, you will need to use a big funnel. And for the separation, you will need to close the separator funnel with a stopper that is lightly greased. When you have your crude mixture, you have to add it to the separator funnel. In this case, our crude mixture is iodine dissolved in water. Rinse your crude mixture with the same solvent used as for the crude. To make sure that all your product actually enters the separator funnel. Now we are going to extract our iodine in the water layer towards our organic layer. In this case, our organic layer is pentane and we are using the same amount of pentane as we had water. Add the pentane to the separator funnel and remove the funnel from your separator funnel. Now close the separator funnel by adding the stopper on top of the separator funnel and place your hand on top of the stopper and holding the separator funnel in a firm grip. Lift it up and flip it upside down. Now you can shake your separator funnel to make sure that the extraction has the largest surface amount possible. Don't forget to vent the separator funnel as pressure will build up by the increase of heat from shaking. Repeat this motion several times for proper extraction. When you think the extraction is done, place it back into the ring and remove the stopper. When the separator funnel stands for a while, you will see a clear difference between the two layers. The higher density water is at the bottom and is colorless in this case, and our pink pentane layer is at the top. Now we want to separate these two layers by opening the tap and let the water flow out into our Erlemire. Keep an eye on the separation and close the tap before the pentane leaves the separation funnel. When you have a colored and a discolored layer, it's very easy to see the separation. To demonstrate a separation between two colorless layers, we will neutralize the iodine by using sodium bisulphite. The sodium bisulphite is in a saturated solution in water and we're now added to our separation funnel. Place the stopper back on your separation funnel, put the placer handle on top of the stopper and hold it tight. Now we will repeat our shaking motion and frequent opening of the vent to release pressure. After placing the separator funnel back into our holder, we can clearly see that the pink color is gone. Because we now have two colorless layers, we will have to search for a separation. Sometimes it's difficult to see the separation as it's in the part where the separator funnel goes from narrow to white. By opening the tap slightly, you will see that the separation will show up in the thin part of the separator funnel. The separation can be seen here. There's a thin meniscus between the two colorless liquids, water with a higher density on the bottom and pentane with a lower density on the top. Now continue removing the water until only pentane is left. You can now collect your pentane into a clean Erlemire and continue with the rest of your procedure. This is how you perform a liquid-liquid extraction.


You are your abuser. Let me say that again for everyone in the back. You are your abuser. If you talk down to yourself, you're your abuser.  Today, ladies and gentlemen, we're going to be talking about how to have more self love. How to have more self love, how to have more confidence, and how to change the way that you speak to yourself. And I hear this way too often. One of the most requested things that I get from people who send me messages on Instagram, and I look through all of my Instagram messages that I get from people, hundreds of them a day usually. And I get to see what people say about themselves and about what they think about themselves and what questions they have around the world. And then when I see something that happens a lot, what I do is I take that and then I go, okay, I should do an episode on this. So if you do want to send me an Instagram message, let me know what you want me to do episodes on. You can message me, Robdial, Jr., R-O-B-D-I-A-L-J-R. But let's talk about self love, because that's one of the messages I get the most. And first off, let's talk about why self love is so important, because self love either hurts your confidence or it helps your confidence. And that in turn, depending on how confident you are as a person, changes the actions that you take or the actions that you do not take. So I'll give you an example. Let's say that someone's a very confident person and they want to go and start a new business. If they're confident in themselves, they're going to be confident in their business. And they're going to take some actions that somebody who isn't confident probably wouldn't take. They're going to believe in themselves more. When things get hard, they're not going to give up. When things get hard, they're going to keep going. They're going to, they're gonna, when things get harder, when they fail or something messes up or they do have a bad month in their business, they're gonna sit there and they're gonna speak to themselves in a way to build themselves up versus tear themselves down. And so the confidence comes from the way that you speak to yourself. The way that you speak to yourself builds confidence or tears it down. And that in turn affects all of the actions that you do or do not take. So it also just affects the way that you feel and the way that you carry yourself, doesn't it? At every moment, the way that you feel and the way that you carry yourself is changed by how confident you are and how you speak to yourself. It affects the way that you interact with everyone in the world around you, which then in turn affects, for instance, whether you do or do not get a significant other. It also affects who the significant other is that you attract, right?  So if you want a really awesome guy who's super confident, guess what you need to be. If you want a really awesome girl who's really confident, guess what you need to be. You need to be confident as well. And that comes from the way that you speak to yourself.  That energy just won't match. And men, I know you can relate, I can relate to attract a badass, confident woman, you have to be on a whole other level of confidence. Because I know that most women aren't attracted to someone who's very confident themselves and a badass woman is not gonna be attracted to someone who is weaker or who doesn't believe in themselves. And all of that comes back down to that one thing that we're talking about today, which is self-love. So in today's episode, I'm gonna be teaching you some tips on how to have more self-love, how to speak to yourself and how to build yourself up more than anything else. And I want you to kind of imagine this with me, right? I'm gonna take you on a journey and I want you to just think about the energy behind this journey, okay? Imagine with me for a minute, a child who has talked down to their entire lives, right? Let's say that their parents are terrible parents. And this child hears everything.    They hear they're worthless all day long. They hear they're unlovable. They hear that they're fat. They hear that they'll never amount to anything.  That's terrible, isn't it? But it happens. Do you know how wounded that child will be if they keep hearing these things over and over and over and over again? They're gonna be wounded. How do you think that will affect them? How do you think it will affect what they believe in themselves when they grow up? Do you think that a child that's told that all day long by somebody is going to grow up and be super confident and take the actions towards the life that they want? Or do you think that they're probably gonna have a lot of trauma in things to work through all of the time? They're probably gonna have a lot to work through, right? How do you think it's gonna affect them? What do you think that they're gonna believe? You can see this, right? You can see how somebody speaking to a child is going to change the way that they feel. Think about themselves. You understand it, right? What the is the difference between that child and you? There is no difference.  Guess what? You're extremely impressionable. And guess what? You're probably, just so you know if you wanna know statistically, the average person says anywhere between 60 to 80,000 thoughts a day. And 90% of those are negative. This is statistical averages. 60 to 80,000 thoughts every single day and 90% of them are negative. That's more than the child's being talked down to. So don't think that there's a difference just because you're older. There is no difference, right? Don't think that because of the fact that you're older because you have more life experience that you're gonna be able to get through it easier. There is very little difference, very little difference between that child and their abuser. The only difference is that you are your abuser. Let me say that again for everyone in the back. You are your abuser. If you talk down to yourself, you're your abuser.  The empowering thing about the child is a child can at least walk away.  So guess what you're gonna have to start to work on. That's right, the thoughts in your head. If you talk down to yourself, if you talk negatively to yourself, you are your own abuser. There's a really great video, maybe you've heard me talk about it before, but my friend Jay Shetty put it up and he sat down with these women that were in their 20s and 30s and he gave him a pen and paper and he said, "'Hey, I want you to write down "'all of the negative things that you say to yourself, "'whether it's out loud or whether it's in your head. "'Hasn't write all these things down? "'All of the negative stuff.'" And they write it down, they write it down. Just make a list, you know? Anything that you say about what you think about yourself, the way that you look, the way that you look in your clothes, the way that you fit, in your clothes, the stuff that you say when you don't work out, just write all the things you could possibly think of that you typically say to yourself on a weekly basis. So they write all of this stuff down. And he says, "'Okay, go ahead and come with me real quick." And he takes them into another room and they don't realize it, but in that other room is their little sister. So these women that are 20, 30 years old have these little sisters that are like 10, 11, 12, 13, really impressionable age, right?  And the look on these women's faces are like petrified, they're terrified, there's no way. They would never, ever say something to their little sisters that they have on that piece of paper, they wouldn't say those things. So if they wouldn't say it to them, why are they saying it to themselves?  You would never talk to someone that you love the way that you talk to yourself sometimes. So why do you do it?  "'Do you have time for a call?'  She's like, "'I just feel really down on myself "'because of the fact that I was at this first date "'and I really started to like this guy.' And then at the end of the date, I wanted to go further and he's like, "'Listen, I'm just not really interested. "'I think you're nice, but I'm not really interested "'and I don't really think that we should go "'on a second date.'"  "'Of course you said that. "'Do you wanna know why? "'Because you got that pimple that's on your nose. "'Of course he said that "'because everybody tends to walk away from you. "'Of course he said that "'because you're unlovable. "'Of course he said that "'because this and this and this and this and this.'" Would you ever say that to one of your best friends after they're going through something like somebody not being interested in them in the first date? Would you? You would it? So why would you say it to yourself? Think about that. Put yourself in this situation. Maybe you haven't had that exact same situation happen to you, but maybe you've had some sort of situation where someone that you're interested in that's not interested in you. And so what do you do? Instead of building yourself up, you break yourself down. Of course he's not interested in you. Of course he's not interested in you because you're too fat, because you're unlovable, because you're stupid, because this and this and this and this and you just list off all of the reasons why somebody would not be interested in you. Why? How in the hell does that help you in any sort of way? Right? One of the things that I do whenever I get up, I've done this many times speaking on stage is I'll stand in front of a group of people and I'll say, everybody get your pen and paper out real quick. I might have a couple hundred people in the crowd and I'll say, okay, here's what I want you to do.  I want you to write down everything that you don't like about yourself.  Just write it all down. It could be in your head. It could be something physically. It could be something that you've done in the past. I want you to just write down every possible thing that you can think that you don't like about yourself. Every negative thought that comes into your head. Everything that you typically say, just think all of that stuff. Put it down on a piece of paper. Write it all down. Let's see who can get the most. Ready, set, go. And it's insane to see this because I've done this so many times and I let them go for 60 seconds and people are writing. Like they're basically scribbling. Like they're writing so fast because they have so many things that they can write down. They're writing and writing and writing and writing. It looks like they're trying to literally tear through the paper. There's sometimes, sometimes there's so many things. And I'm like, how many did you get? You know, raise your hand if you got more than 20. Everyone's hand goes up. I don't think you've got more than 30. Everyone's hand stays up. Raise your, keep your hands raised if you did more than 40, 50, 60, 70, 80. And then usually we'll get to around 60, 70 things is the person who got the most, right? And I say, okay, let's try something else. I'm gonna give you 60 seconds.  Ready, set, go. And the blank stare that I get on people's faces is eye-opening because people are looking at me like I don't know a whole lot of things. And then they write down a couple of things, a couple of things. And then you can literally see the average person has like four things on their paper that they come up with that they love about themselves. Five things they come up with, six things. The most they'll get like 17 that they love about themselves when the other way around the most they had was like 80 of the things they hate about themselves, right? Just think about that for a second. How crazy is that that people, and the reason why is because people are not usually focusing on what it is they love about themselves. Usually focusing on the things that they hate about themselves. The things that they don't enjoy. What's that gonna do for you, right? We're always focusing on what we don't have, what we're not good at. It's crazy to see it because you can literally see in someone's face as they're writing, oh my gosh, I don't know any. I put up a picture the other day and it was a quote on my Instagram and it said, the quote said, if I told you to write down all of the things that you love, how long would it take until you named yourself? And so many people responded, I wouldn't even have popped into my head, right? So we get caught up in who we are, who we're not. We compare ourselves to everybody else, right? Comparison is the thief of all joy. You don't love your body because you're looking at somebody on Instagram.  You don't have the same butt that she does, right? You talk trash to yourself because you procrastinate and you just happen to see a picture of one of your friends from high school who just bought a massive house. So then you start comparing yourself and how you're not good enough and you procrastinate earlier today and I bet he didn't procrastinate or she didn't procrastinate when they had to be able to buy that house. But look at me, there I am again, just procrastinating, right?  So you're looking at what you have and don't have and you're comparing it with what other people have or don't have, which might not even be a true reality, which is the craziest part about it, right? But I want you to realize this, where you are right now is where you are. It is a fact. You are nowhere else. You are where you are. All of the things that you've done in the past, all the things you've thought, all the action you take have gotten you to exactly where you are right now. There's nothing that you can do to change that. The only thing that you can change is from right now, moving forward. And here's the thing, I do know one thing. It's a lot harder to get motivated to go to the gym. It's a lot harder to get motivated to stop procrastinating.  It is. Like if I don't feel good, it's hard to get myself motivated to go to the gym. It's hard to get myself to not procrastinate, I don't feel good. When you don't feel good, you don't take action. And guess what talking trash to yourself does?   Very rarely does anybody get stoked about life. Oh yeah, I felt really good when I started comparing myself to that 18 year old Bitcoin millionaire. Whatever it is that's going on, right? So you have to realize and think about it this way. How do you feel when someone is telling you how great you are? How much better your body looks than it did last month?  How much they love you? When someone tells you those types of things, how does that make you feel? Not what do you think about it? How does it make you feel internally, physically in your body? How does it make you feel when someone is saying amazing things about you? Imagine if you had someone in your ear all day, every day, telling you about how amazing you are, about who you are, about what you could be, about what you could create. Wouldn't that be a lot better than having someone talk trash in your ear all day long, tell you about how you're not good enough, how you're worthless, how you're not smart enough, pretty enough, got a chunky legs, whatever it is that you tell yourself, right? You've got to be your biggest fan because here's the thing, what else is going to be your biggest fan if you're not?  So I want to ask you, which one are you?  Because if you're your biggest critic, it's going to be really hard to be motivated to create the life that you want. Do you know why?  When you don't feel good, you don't take action. So you get what you focus on. What are you focusing on? Are you focusing on the improvements that you've made since last year? Or are you focusing on your still, not where you want to be? You're focusing on the fact that you've lost 10 pounds? Or are you focusing on the fact that you still need to lose 20? Think about that. And it's something that we've all done. We've all done this. This is something that every human deals with in some sort of way. Let me give you a tip on something that would help you that I've done before.  I want you to take a pen and paper. I want you to write down everything that you say to yourself, all of the trash, all the things that you want to get rid of, all the things you want to release, all the things that you say to yourself that you no longer want to say to yourself, everything that holds you back, all of those things. I want you to write down all of the things that hold you back in some sort of way, okay? All the ways you talk to yourself. Then I want you to make a massive list of all of your fears, all the things that you're worried about, other people's opinions, rejection, failure, write it all down. As much as you could possibly think of. Then I want you to write down your limiting beliefs. All of the things that you think are truly holding you back, but in reality, they don't even exist most of the time. Write it all down. I want you to write down every single thing that you could possibly think of. And I know the majority of you listening are not going to do this. I'm realistic, I understand that. But what I do want you to do for the 5% of you that do do this, is actually do this and take time. Because I promise you, it'll help you out a lot.  And I want you to think all of them. Think those things that you've said to yourself. Think those fears, think those limiting beliefs. Have a moment of they got you to where you are, but they're no longer going to serve you and you're going to live the rest of your life without them.      I've done it that way. I've also done it inside of a sink before because sinks are usually metal, right? And literally watch those things burn away and realize that's how much they actually physically exist in this world. They don't need to be with you any longer in the future and let go of them.  The more that you build yourself up, the more confidence that you have. The more confidence that you have, the more that you will step confidently into the future that you want to create. So, you would never talk to yourself the way that you, you would never talk to someone that you love the way that you talk to yourself. So from this moment on, start to be more aware of the thoughts that you have, the things that you say about yourself. And if you see something pop up that you don't like, change it in that moment, switch to the thought that you would prefer to have about yourself. And that is the way that you build yourself up and also the way that you're gonna have more self-confidence, the way that you're gonna talk to yourself, the way that you're gonna love yourself at a deeper level. Hey, thanks so much for watching this video. If you wanna learn even more about Master Your Mind, click right here and watch this video as well. Stop doing things that you don't like.


What I'd like to do right now is to go over some basic CT anatomy with you by PowerPoint and then we will look at a specific case and review the anatomy. So we're going to start from below and we're going to start at the level of the cochlear aqueduct. What we see here is the cochlear aqueduct. In some cases, it kind of looks like a small internal auditory canal, but this anatomic structure is below the internal auditory canal and, as you can see, is associated with the jugular vein here and the internal carotid artery canal in its petrous portion. So this is at the very lowest, most portion of the interior structures, the cochlear aqueduct. This next section up is a section through the hypotempanum, but it shows very nicely the beginning of the round window. The hypotempanum is marked by the sinus timpani as well as the pyramidal eminence and the facial nerve and the facial nerve recess. This area right here, leading to the basal turn of the cochlea, basal turn of the cochlea, is the round window. So we call this the round window niche. So we're about to enter the cochlea. The importance of the round window is that it is through the round window that the cochlear implants are inserted. That's their way of getting into the cochlea and the various turns of the cochlea. This next slice allows us to see the basal and middle turns of the cochlea. Here we have the basal turn of the cochlea and this is the middle turn. You may be getting a tiny bit of the apical turn. So the cochlea, we say, is the basal, middle and apical turns. We have the entry into the basal turn through the round window. This image also is showing us the endolymphatic sac, which is the soft tissue portion of the vestibular aqueduct. The vestibular aqueduct we usually refer to as the bony part, and what is residing within the bony part is the endolymphatic sac, also part of the inner ear structures. You're also starting to see some of the semicircular canals, including the posterior semicircular canal, and we're just getting a piece of the vestibule as well. The anatomy, another section showing the similar anatomy, and in this section, at least, we can see the entrance of the internal auditory canal, leading to the cochlea basal turn and middle turn, as well as the vestibule, the endolymphatic sac, and portions of these semicircular canals. Our next slice up is through the mid portion of the internal auditory canal. Here is our IAC, the internal auditory canal, and we lead to the cochlea through an area of anatomy called the cochlear aperture. This is a normal cochlear aperture, which, as you can see, is going to be around two millimeters in width. The density in the center of the cochlea is referred to as the medialis. Some people will call it the modiolus, but medialis is what we are using in the east coast, at least, and you also see a very small canal coming off of the posterior portion of the internal auditory canal, and this small canal is the singular canal, which transmits the singular nerve, which is a nerve that goes to the semicircular canals. We have the vestibule here, and if we look carefully at the vestibule, which is the entrance into the labyrinth, you can see the turns of the cora of the stapes. This is the anterior cora of the stapes. This is the posterior cruce of the stapes, cora being the plural. You have the capitellum of the stapes right here. This is going to be our oval window. We talked about the round window leading into the basal turn of the cochlea. This is the oval window in which the stapes sits and inserts on the vestibule. Again, we have the anilinfatic sac or vestibular aqueduct. Let's continue more superiorly. At this juncture, we're at the high portion of the internal auditory canal. What we see here is the internal auditory canal, and we're cutting through portions of it. We're missing the more medial aspect. What we're seeing is this nerve, which is going here. This is our seventh cranio nerve, the facial nerve. We talk about the labyrinthine portion of the facial nerve, the point where it makes its first genu. Right here is where the ganglion is, and the ganglion of the seventh cranio nerve is called the geniculate ganglion, and then it makes that bend back to the tympanic portion of the seventh cranio nerve, or horizontal portion, if you will. This is the anatomy here. You can also see the nerve going here, which is going to the vestibule. This is the vestibule of the labyrinthine, and there's a nerve going to it. We're at the upper posterior portion of the internal auditory canal, so this little canal here is likely to be the canal for the superior vestibular nerve, so facial nerve, anterior and superior, superior vestibular nerve, posterior and superior. We're just catching into the lateral semi-circular canal here. This is the remnant of the endolymphatic sac, or vestibular aqueduct. I think we have one more slice to go through. Here we are seeing portions of the semi-circular canals. We have the two crores of the superior semi-circular canal, and we have a portion of the posterior semi-circular canal. We're just at the very top of the internal auditory canal, just seeing a small portion of the geniculate ganglion, the ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve. The final slice, so there was one more slice, is also through the superior semi-circular canals, so portions of the superior semi-circular canals cut in cross-section. Here's a little bit of the posterior semi-circular canal. This little small structure here is one of the semi-arculate arteries that lead between the crore of the superior semi-circular canal. This would be a diagram of the superior semi-circular canal, and there's a little vessel that courses between the arch of the superior semi-circular canal. That's the CT anatomy we wanted to go through in PowerPoint, and now we will look at it on an actual case with all of the slices available.


Welcome to Stan Energyman here on Think Tech, Hawaii. Stan Osserman, coming to you live and direct from the beautiful downtown studios of Kailua, Hawaii, where we like to raise chickens and play with dogs and stuff. Anyway, thanks for joining us today. I was hoping to have a guest today, but they're all pretty busy. And then I found out why I got an email from a friend in California, Keith Malone, who's the public relations guy for California Fuel Cells Partners. Excuse me, and he had a newsletter that he sent me that had all kind of great information in it. So we're going to talk about some of those things. And to tie into what we're calling today's show, and that is basically, you know, does hydrogen have a place in the new normal after COVID? And actually it does. And I'd like to start off with just some kind of local wisdom here. You know, growing up in Hawaii, we have a lot of cultural intermixing. And one of the things that's interesting is when you hear stories from Asia and different parts of the world that their way of viewing things is sometimes a little bit different. So for example, the Chinese, actually the Asian, because a lot of the written, written language in Asia is similar, no matter whether it's Japanese, Kanji, or Chinese characters, or Vietnamese, a lot of them are very similar. And so even though they speak different languages, their written characters are very much the same. And the written character for change, as I recall, is a combination of two characters, one for crisis and one for opportunity. So every time you have a crisis or change, you have opportunity to succeed or fail to make it a winning situation or make it a miserable situation. And that's how a lot of Asian cultures view change, a little bit different than most Western cultures where change is usually resistant at most at all costs until some logic takes over or emotion takes over. Another one is the fact that we have a saying, they say originated in China, that the saying is actually called a Chinese curse. And it goes, may you live in interesting times. And when you think about it, it's like, well, in English, living in interesting times sounds like kind of fun. It's just different, new, exciting. But of course, in Asian culture, it could mean good or it could mean bad. And there's a story that's told about a Chinese rancher that lived in the old, old China. And he had he was a pretty wealthy guy. He had a lot of cattle and horses and, you know, armed land and, you know, a lot of a lot of assets available available to him. And one day there was a big thunderstorm and thunderstorm scared a lot of his horses and stuff. And the horses broke down the corral and all of all of his prize horses, he had some of those beautiful horses in the area. And they all ran away. And all the people came around and said, Oh, gee, that's terrible. Your horses ran away. It's, you know, how terrible. That's like you lost your fortune and horses there and they're also beautiful. And the rancher said, Well, maybe it's bad. Maybe it's not bad. And so the people looked at him a little bit puzzled. And next thing happened was the the horses or excuse me, the army came and or excuse me, the horses came back. And the horses came back, not just the ones that he lost, but they brought back a whole bunch of other horses. And the other horses were not quite as beautiful, but really good horses. And now all the people gathered around him said, Oh, you're so lucky all your horses came back. You're so fortunate. He said, Oh, maybe I am. Maybe I'm not. The people just kind of looked at him perplexed. So then the guy's son went out to one of the new horses and was trying to break the horse and, you know, make it rideable. And the horse threw him off against the fence and broke him, broke his arm, cracked a few ribs. And everybody came over and said, Oh, that's terrible. That that horse, that new horse just almost killed your son, broke his arm and his leg. And he's all beat up and everything. And the farmer and the rancher said, Maybe it's good. Maybe it's not. And people at this point are just getting fed up with this guy. It's like, doesn't he know what what's bad and what's good? The next day, the Chinese army came to town recruiting all able bodied young people to go fight in the war.  He wasn't suitable for military duty. And so the people came around said, Oh, you're so lucky because now your son doesn't have to go to war. And the rancher said, Well, maybe I am. Maybe I'm not. The bottom line is think he's going. The bottom line is there's good and bad in everything. And you kind of have to look for the good. And sometimes the good doesn't end up being so good. And sometimes the bad doesn't end up being so bad. You have to look for the right answers. So today's show is about hydrogen again, my favorite topic. And what's going on in the world post COVID-19 with hydrogen, because I had a friend call me up from the East Coast. And he actually called me up. What must have been midnight or one in the morning, his time. And it was because it was fairly late here in Hawaii, which means it was really late where he was at. And he was actually kind of distressed. And he had lost a family member to COVID. And he's kind of near an epicenter where there's a lot of people, you know, being impacted by the virus. And his business is basically stopped because of all of his employees have to stay home. And some of the investors are threatening to pull out because they don't have funding. And you can tell he was really down. And he was upset that this virus and how it's being handled by none of the state and local government. But he was not really happy with the federal government's response. And he was really upset.  But you know, there's a lot going on in the hydrogen world. And just hang in there. You'll be okay. Just don't give up yet. Keep pressing.  But I know he's still going through a little bit of a tough time. But I got this newsletter from Keith Malone in California. And it just blew me away. All of the different things that are going on in the world today in hydrogen that are telling me it's really, really taken off. So what I'd like to do today is, you know, give you some positive notes and some positive thinking of the future of hydrogen and clean energy from here forward. Because just like the Chinese curse says, may you live in interesting times, you could make them as miserable and as bad as you want, or you can learn from them, and hopefully make them as positive and good for the future is as can be done. So let me start off here by saying one of the biggest things, and this one actually warranted a separate email from Keith was that over in the European Union, and many of the countries in the European Union, there is a lot going on in hydrogen. And the big takeaway is that the European Union and the European Commission have focused on clean hydrogen and clean hydrogen economies for many of the countries in the EU, and many of the overarching policies in the European Union. And there's a lot of things going on with surplus power from the North Sea wind, and things like that. There's pipelines that run all over Europe that are used to move natural gas. And companies are starting to look at those pipelines to move mixes of natural gas and hydrogen and integrate hydrogen into a lot of the transportation and grid infrastructure, and build those things up. But there's tons of stuff going on all over the world. And I'm going to talk to you about a few of them. So forgive me for looking down here. So I want to actually read some of these word for word. European Green Deal, they're calling it because it's it's based on some of the Paris Accord stuff. It says a massive renovation renovation wave of our buildings and infrastructure and more circular economic activities are bringing bringing local jobs into the economy. In other words, they're looking at taking clean energy and growing it and training people to the new jobs as part of the recovery from the coronavirus impacts on the economy. Rolling out renewable energy projects, especially wind solar and that kick kick starting the clean hydrogen economy in Europe are important. I learned something a little new for me today. There I'm used to the term green hydrogen, which is when you take electrolysis and make hydrogen from water, and your only byproducts are heat, electricity and oxygen. When you when you excuse me, when you take water and divide it, you get heat, electricity and oxygen electricity comes from the electron and the hydrogen. And heat is a byproduct that's it's basically some of the energy that's being used to create the reaction. And it's lost in the form of heat. But it's nowhere near what you find in internal combustion engine type reactions. Anyway, I learned the term blue hydrogen, which I really didn't understand what that was. And what blue hydrogen is, is when they do mix natural gas with hydrogen. And what some companies are doing in European Union is really coming down, not against blue hydrogen. But they're saying blue hydrogen is a second. It's not first. The first priority is clean, renewable hydrogen from electrolysis, where you take water, you split it into hydrogen and oxygen, and store the oxygen and take the hydrogen, I mean, store the hydrogen and take the oxygen, use the oxygen for either medical purposes or industrial purposes or just let it let it loose, and then turn around and use the hydrogen in a fuel cell with air or oxygen to generate electricity back. And like I say, make heat water electricity when you bring it back into play and using the pipelines to move it all around. And looking to the future, so that if you do use blue hydrogen to start with, that the end game will be clean, green hydrogen, where all the hydrogen that's produced will be from electrolysis only, and will be used in either fuel cells, or used in turbines, like like oil turbines and gas turbines are now to make electricity, except instead of fossil fuels running the turbines, it will be clean hydrogen. And it says to strengthening the transition fund, which is, I guess, a piece of funding material in the EU to support reskilling and help building businesses back in the economy using hydrogen and clean energy. But that's kind of the overarching activities that are going on. European Commission wants to see a massive scale up in EU clean hydrogen production and demand that helps set up its 2030 and 2050 climate goals. The European community now considers clean hydrogen so important that it will present a dedicated European Union hydrogen strategy, along with the European Union's energy sector integration strategy. This month, June 24th is the rollout date for that. And then there's some comments from some of the industries around the world. This one comes from Mitsubishi Hitachi power systems. It says they're betting on renewable hydrogen for decarbonization. And they're talking to some of the folks at Mitsubishi. And their comment is, if you take lessons from the solar industry 15 years ago, solar was way too expensive. But society rallied around the renewables. And today, solar is arguably more cost effective than a lot of the existing generation systems. In other words, they're looking at hydrogen to basically replicate the pattern that solar did where people are going to start to understand the value of hydrogen, especially as it relates to battery energy storage. And they're going to say, wow, this is too important, even if it's a little bit too expensive right now. But as it gets to scale, as the scales larger, the price will drop dramatically. And pretty soon, it'll be cheaper than even the carbon based fuels that we're using now, and much, much, much cleaner. Because they're expecting it to scale and have that that marketing and scaling happen within the next actually three to five years. Let me see, Netherlands and Germany, the world's most climate ambitious, stimulus packages are being generated in Europe. And it was unveiled Wednesday, poised to earmark tens of billions, billions of euros for hydrogen technology, as well as infrastructure for clean energy. There's there's a lot going on, especially in Norway, Germany, even in Switzerland, and I'll come to some of those stories later. Hydrogen fuel, there's this is a great story out of Italy. The CNAM, SNAM, it's a operating business that runs natural gas networks in Italy, and across Europe. And they're actually really excited to mix hydrogen into their natural gas. And their goal is to switch natural gas out for hydrogen as their commodity in the future. Instead of running natural gas in their pipelines, they expect to run pure green hydrogen in their pipelines. The guy who actually is the owner of that CNAM company, Mr. Alvera, is embraced hydrogen as a clean substitute for natural gas. Hydrogen is some major virtues. It is emission free, and he hopes it will be carried in the CNAM existing 25,000 miles web of transmission lines to move it all over Europe. Michelin welcomes the government support to plan for automotive industry in France. The Michelin group is pretty well known around the world for their tires and stuff, but they're pretty influential. And so Michelin is convinced that a key role to play in accelerating zero emission mobility. And so it's confirming its commitment to zero emission valley project, excuse me, which is a 1200 hydrogen vehicle and 20 station project in the Alps region. So they're really leaning forward. Next story down says Rolls-Royce and Domler truck AG plan to cooperate on stationary fuel cell systems. So you have two basically transportation giants, Domler and Rolls-Royce, who does jet engines for aircraft and also other transportation. They're working together to start generating power systems that use hydrogen, including fuel cells, but also turbines to take advantage of clean transportation options in the future. So as Europe starts to get a better grip on COVID-19 emergency, we need to understand that the immense task of rebuilding our economies and repairing our staggering damage to our communities and workers and businesses plays in in developing future transportation and energy solutions. As gentlemen, Franz Timmermans is the executive vice president of the European Commission. So there's two important emerging elements of clean energy progress. Hydrogen, electrolysis and lithium ion batteries are on the verge of becoming a decade, the decades breakout technologies. And that's great. And like I say, I like batteries in general, and we need them whenever we have fuel cells as well. There's a place for them even when you have hydrogen vehicles and stuff. But lithium technologies got some other things coming up later here and I get to them in a few seconds. But they consider these technologies breakout technologies. Let me just read and this list, I'll show you some I've highlighted some of them. And you can see there, I'm not reading through the whole list. And this is half of the list, by the way. So I'm just going to read through a couple of them that that struck out as as really important. Portugal announces 7 billion euro investment plan for hydrogen energy over the next decade. Dutch outline clean hydrogen vision, and they aim at a global market. In other words, and there's a couple of these stories in here where I try and promote hydrogen and hydrogen economy here in Hawaii, because we're so dependent on fossil fuels for electricity and our transportation. But if we could get ourselves off of dependence of fossil fuels, and and use all clean renewable resources like geothermal, wind, solar, hydro electric, that we could literally turn from becoming an energy importing state to an energy exporting state. And if you don't think that wouldn't have a huge impact on our economy. And then you don't know much about economics. But that's what a lot of countries, especially small countries are starting to see is that nobody has a monopoly on hydrogen. If you have any kind of water source, and you have surplus solar wind energy that you can turn into it or hydroelectric or nuclear power anything, you can make hydrogen and then use it pretty easily throughout transportation or grid applications. Let me see massive 1000 megawatt base load wind solar and hydrogen plant is being pitched for New South Wales, Australia. So even the Aussies are getting into it. Kind of the capstone article in here that I thought was worth pointing out was the coronavirus crisis has caused a lot of suffering and uncertainty. But in this aftermath that offers us an opportunity to break with the old habits and build a circular sustainable and highly competitive economy. And that's from that runs 10 men. And the folks at the European Commission. And that's the key. You know, we can take this crisis and do what we want with it and make it something special or suffer with it. The first of its kind clean hydrogen plant is planned for Los Angeles County. South Korea to build hydrogen production facilities for over 50,000 vehicles this year. Hydrogen can make Canada an energy superpower again. Again, these are separate stories in this in this newsletter. So I'm just reading the highlights from it. Germany, Germany's gas grid operators present a concept of 2030 green hydrogen grid. Europe is determined to lead on hydrogen and keep the jobs at home. Fraunhofer, which is big, big European energy company. Roadmap sees that an 80 gigawatt German hydrogen capacity by 2050. Hydrogen is emerging as the viable solution to meet 2050 climate change targets. That's based on a story in Barclays. Japan hydrogen mobility aims to launch 24 more hydrogen stations in 2020 to 2021. That's in just one year's timeframe. Hydrogen could be Norway's next industrial adventure. South Korea to export hydrogen fuel cells to Europe and the US. Green hydrogen pipeline surges on a wave of announcements of mega projects. Hydrogen China, hydrogen Solars China connections accelerate production of renewable solar hydrogen panels. Hydrogen power plants get backed from two big German companies. Hydrogen economy offers promising path to decarbonization. First look at BMW's hydrogen fuel cell powertrains and BMW's hydrogen excess will produce 300 or excess that's a model the X5 I guess will produce 368 brake horsepower in their powertrain. So those are the stories. Those are the stories that are out there. And it would literally take me an hour or two to read some of the highlights of those stories. But to summarize them, I guess I'd say that there is just so much going on around the world. Unfortunately, for the United States, we're busy, not just with this virus, but we're busy looting and rioting in the streets and things like that, to show how backwards we are compared to the rest of the world.  And we need to start getting back to basics in our nation, and back to our Constitution and back to our individual responsibilities as citizens, and by our and get our government back in line to supporting citizens and supporting our communities and supporting our economy. Instead of going year after year with no federal budget, and states and and municipalities running huge deficits to where they're going to go insolvent and expect the federal government to bail them out. It's really getting sad. I'm so disappointed that I spent 35 years in uniform, protecting and defending the Constitution United States of America against foreign and domestic enemies.  There is so much that we should be working towards so much we should be doing so much positive that we should be looking at. I just it just breaks my heart to see what our country is doing right now. What we're spending our energy, our physical, our emotional energy on. It's just it's just sad to watch. And I know our country's so much better than this. So, you know, I feel sorry for, you know, tragic things that happen. And I personally can't even watch the video of those police hitting down Mr. Floyd. I can't even watch that video anymore. It's so disgusting for me.   Most policemen just knock themselves silly, trying to keep our communities safe and take care of people and help people in need. And there's certainly no shortage of those stories, but you'll never see them on TV. It seems like they just never seem to make the news or the newspapers. So let's get our country back together. Let's get our act together. Let's let's not fall behind Europe and Asia. And let's start being the leaders in the world again. And take these stories that I've just gone through and understand that they're they're a hint of the future. They're they're kind of where we should be going and how we should be looking at this change or this crisis as an opportunity to improve as an opportunity to be better as an opportunity to grow and make our economy better, make our skies clean, our streams clean, and stop polluting in us where we need to be on the energy side sustainability. So, you know, I would encourage you to if you don't already look at the California fuel cells partnership webpage, I'd suggest you go and check it out. And certainly if you can subscribe to Keith's newsletter, you'd just be absolutely floored, especially if you're in the energy world. And you want to get some really great insight. There's a story here. I didn't even mention it on the list I was reading. But the company plug power, which does material handling equipment has over 30,000 hydrogen fuel cell pieces of equipment out in the business world, helping with less forklifts and pallet electric pallet movers and things like that. They are growing and expanding like crazy. Cummins diesel just put out hydrogenics in Canada and now Cummins is teaming up with other big transportation companies to do long haul trucking, all focused on hydrogen. If you're not aware of this, you want to look at the good investments in the future. Start looking at hydrogen. It's really the future. It's going to be the next wave of great things to happen. And this may just be the start of it, getting through this coronavirus and resetting because some of the jobs are just never going to come back. But there's always opportunity and new jobs coming on. So we got a little bit of a late start today. And we kind of blasted right through some of the time here. But I'm going to wrap it up and call it done instead of getting into any of these individual stories, and maybe save them for a later date. And call it a call at the end of Stand Energy Man for the first weekend or the first Tuesday in June. And hope that everything's going well in your neighborhood.  And you're thinking about the positive ways we can come out of this coronavirus thing. So until next Tuesday, this is Stand Energy Man signing off. And we'll catch you back up on more energy news next week here on Think Tech Hawaii. Aloha.