Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss vector area of plane region bounded by a closed curve. Let us consider the boundary of a closed curve in anti-clockwise and clockwise directions. Here the direction of the curve A1, A2, A3 is anti-clockwise with respect to A1. And in this the direction of A1, A3, A2 is clockwise with respect to the point A1. Let a unit vector n cap be perpendicular to the plane of the curve in the direction in which the curve is anti-clockwise. Let A be the plane area of the region bounded by A1, A2, A3 or A1, A3, A2 in anti-clockwise direction A1, A2, A1, A3 and unit vector n cap form a vector triad in the right handed system for the closed curve A1, A2, A3. The vector area for this plane region is given by A into n cap and in clockwise direction A3, A1, A2 and unit vector minus n cap form a vector triad in the right handed system. Now for closed curve A1, A3, A2 the vector area of this plane bounded region is given by A into minus of unit vector n cap. Now we are going to discuss vector area of a triangle and first we have for triangle ABC the vector area is given by 1 by 2 into vector AB plus vector AC let delta be the area of the triangle ABC let n cap be a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of the triangle considered in the anti-clockwise direction from vector AB to vector AC. Now vector AB, vector AC and unit vector n cap form a vector triad in the right handed system. Then the vector area of the triangle is given by delta is equal to area of triangle ABC that is 1 by 2 into B into C into sin of angle A which can be written as 1 by 2 into C into B into sin of angle A which is equal to 1 by 2 into C that is modulus of vector AB into B into sin of angle A therefore vector area of triangle ABC which is given by delta into n cap is equal to 1 by 2 into modulus of vector AB into modulus of vector AC into sin of angle A into n cap and which is equal to 1 by 2 into vector AB plus vector AC. Secondly we have the vector area of a triangle ABC with vertices having position vectors vector A vector B vector C respectively is given by 1 by 2 into vector B cross vector C plus vector C cross vector A plus vector A cross vector B. We know that vector area of triangle ABC is given by 1 by 2 into vector AB cross vector AC since position vectors of A B and C are vector A, vector B and vector C respectively. Therefore vector AB is equal to position vector of B minus position vector of A that is vector B minus vector A and vector AC is given by position vector of C minus position vector of A that is vector C minus vector A therefore 1 by 2 into vector AB cross vector AC can be written as 1 by 2 into vector B minus vector A cross vector C minus vector A which is equal to 1 by 2 into vector B cross vector C minus of vector B cross vector A minus of vector A cross vector C plus vector A cross vector A and we know that vector A cross vector A is equal to 0 therefore we get 1 by 2 into vector B cross vector C minus of vector B cross vector A minus of vector A cross vector C and we know that vector A cross vector B can also be written as minus of vector B cross vector A therefore we get 1 by 2 into vector B cross vector C plus vector A cross vector B plus vector C cross vector A therefore vector area of triangle ABC is equal to 1 by 2 into vector B cross vector C plus vector C cross vector A plus vector A cross vector B we should also note that if AB and C are collinear points then the vector area of the triangle formed by these points must be 0 that is vector A cross vector B plus vector B cross vector C plus vector C cross vector A should be equal to 0 now we are going to discuss vector area of a parallelogram with vector A and vector B as adjacent sides let OP RQ be our parallelogram let vector OP be equal to vector A vector OP be equal to vector B and N cap be our unit vector perpendicular to the plane of vector A and vector B here OP RQ is the parallelogram where vector OP is equal to vector A and vector OP is equal to vector B here vector A vector B and unit vector N cap form a vector triad in the right handed system now area of triangle OPQ 1 by 2 into modulus of vector OP cross modulus of vector OP that is we have 1 by 2 into modulus of vector A cross vector B therefore area of parallelogram OP RQ is equal to twice of area of triangle OPQ which is equal to 2 into area of triangle OPQ that is 1 by 2 into modulus of vector A cross vector B which is equal to modulus of vector A cross vector B here vector A cross vector B represents the vector area of the parallelogram OP RQ whose adjacent sides are vector A and vector B such that vector A vector B and unit vector N cap form a vector triad in the right handed system and area of parallelogram OP RQ is equal to modulus of vector A cross vector B now we are going to learn vector area of a quadrilateral PQRS is given by 1 by 2 into vector PR cross vector QF let PQRS be a quadrilateral where minus PR and QS intersect at the point O then vector PR is equal to vector PO plus vector OR and vector QS is equal to vector QO plus vector OS therefore 1 by 2 into vector PR cross vector QS is equal to 1 by 2 into vector PO plus vector OR cross vector QO plus vector OS which is equal to 1 by 2 into vector PO cross vector QS plus 1 by 2 into vector PO cross vector OS plus 1 by 2 into vector OR cross vector QO as 1 by 2 into vector OR cross vector OS and we know that 1 by 2 into vector PO cross vector QO is equal to vector area of triangle POQ similarly 1 by 2 into vector PO cross vector OS is equal to vector area of triangle PO S and therefore we get vector area of triangle POQ plus vector area of triangle PO S plus 1 by 2 into vector OR cross vector QO which is equal to vector area of triangle ROQ plus 1 by 2 into vector OR cross vector OS which is equal to vector area of triangle ROS which is equal to vector area of quadrilateral PQRS this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


We are basically looking or focusing on the constraints and opportunities for private sector development. So we are looking into microdata, where we are focusing on analyzing what determines or creates productivity growth in firms, and we are looking at whether this productivity enhancement, if present, is leading to job creation. There's been a lot of discussion around what structural reform South Africa requires to enhance growth, investment and firm performance. These include energy constraints or alleviating energy constraints, alleviating transport constraints, infrastructure constraints, and I suppose Workstream 1 will continue to look at how these factors actually sort of impede firm performance. Workstream 1 plans to build on its previous successes by increasing the data available for research, and that would be the unemployment insurance data, better spatial data that is held at SARS, procurement data, parcel data that gives you a sense of government employees, and possibly broadband data. And I think using those data sets require better infrastructure and resources, possibly capacitating other government agencies and institutions to be able to use their data for research purposes. We also hope to do more research that can enhance policy making and give you a sense of which firms actually need support, and I suppose that becomes even more important given the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact that it's had on the labor market and firm resilience in South Africa. We would like to increase our impact in policy circles and we will do this by improving the quality of our research. This is in a joint combination between reaching international journals, but at the same time being policy relevant in the South African context. I think it goes hand in hand and we have a perfect team for this because we are collaborating with top policy makers at the National Treasury and at SARS. At the same time we are involving international recognized researchers in the project.


I'm going to be very, very brief and my comments are more by way of notice of troubling issues when it comes to this kind of legislation. And I fully understand what the member for Kastrizi's premises is saying, that we have been compelled to enact such legislation to avoid of course being blacklisted. Let me say at the outset, I welcome the fact that there's a categorical undertaking that persons who are depositing funds up to 10,000 US, that they will be immune from the usual scrutiny and that they will be allowed to deposit their funds without letter hindrance. I think this is certainly very welcome and will certainly help business activity as a whole. But my two troubling areas, the first is that we continue to allow this concept of politically exposed persons to go unchallenged. I have long resisted the suggestion that the legislation singling out politically so-called politically exposed persons is justified legislation is reasonably required legislation. My instinct tells me that this legislation is highly discriminatory and at some point it has to be challenged. The absurdity that we are going to in respect of politically exposed persons really tells us how easily abused that these provisions can be. I want to give honourable members a simple example which I have quoted before, not necessary in this house, but in the public. I had a niece who went to insurer vehicle with Massey insurance some months back and lo and behold she went to Massey with her money cash to pay for her insurance and was told by the agent working for Massey that she must fill out a declaration to say where she got the money for her vehicle insurance because her uncle meaning me is in politics and she is a politically exposed person. Now any of you around the table, how can you justify that she has been denying insurance for her vehicle because she doesn't work and sign a document to say where she got money to pay insurance for her vehicle and I don't know how many other persons have had that kind of experience. When she called me on a matter I said you go and tell Massey go to hell go and get another insurance company and go and insure your vehicle and that the official of the employee of Massey was misguided as to what the requirements are, but I just want to alert honourable members how easy it is for this legislation in the hands of the wrong persons to be abused and that this notion that all politicians are correct and therefore should be swept as a whole in legislation like that, I reject it and I resent it and I repudiated our politicians who are corrupt. You can't take, you can't paint all politicians in the same way by using such a broad brush. Now Mr Speaker, it is for this reason that I just want to say to the House that the time is fast approaching when the financial action task force and others can't have their way in just telling these governments what they must enact and these governments must blindly follow whatever they say that has to be done because I resent the fact that I'm discriminated against.  The second point I want to make Mr Speaker, Mr Speaker, this House enacted legislation to create a financial authority in the institution and the time, and I still do, I supported the legislation, I think it's necessary, necessary that we acquire financial intelligence and what is happening where who is moving millions of dollars or thousands of dollars from one account to the next, but I tell you what Mr Speaker, I don't see them going after the big people in this country, you know Mr Speaker, I don't see them going after the big people, you know who they go after, those whom they believe are in the drug trade and those whom ordinary fishermen, ordinary sent lutions flying up and down the place, these are the people they're going after. And I see it in my practice because my form has had to be representing individuals. My problem Mr Speaker is this, that if we are going to give these authorities the immense powers that they have, we then have to strengthen the remedies to protect citizens from abuse by these individuals. And that is why I think you will find Mr Speaker increasing challenges to how these authorities utilize the powers that have been made available to them through acts of parliament. Now don't get me wrong Mr Speaker, please don't get me wrong, I'm not suggesting that there aren't individuals who are applying their trade, they're applying business connected to the drug trade using fishing boats in this business and I'm not denying that I accept that, but what I'm saying is that it seems to me that what is happening is that the powers that have been entrusted have been used to harass individuals like that and those who are really guilty of committing the offences for some how, they seem to be immune from prosecution under this legislation, this is kind of it. But have also seen a situation where the remedies that are available to individuals to contest these acts seem to be rather inadequate, seem almost nonexistence. So lawyers then have to resort to finding sanctuary and that's the importance of constitution under the provisions of the constitution, that should not be, that really should not be. And I accept that perhaps we need to rethink and ensure that when we enact such legislation with such drastic and such immense powers that we also consider what remedies are available to persons who are aggrieved. You cannot tell me that a citizen of St. Lucia for what reason or the other happened to be traveling some country and has in his pocket over $10,000 or whatever the case is, you seize the $10,000 but then you don't give him sufficient opportunity to contest the seizure, to determine whether he is guilty or not, those things can't be right. Those things can never ever be right. And these are things Mr. Speaker, I'm just saying at this stage and I'm not opposing this legislation, I support the amendment, I'm just saying that we need to put on notice that these are things we need to have a look at to ensure that we also protect the rights of the citizens of our country and the law is applied fairly. That's all I'm saying. I thank you very much.


Fabulous! So now it is my great pleasure to welcome our three speakers or our three presenters, Astrid, Heben and Salamowit. Astrid is in Denmark and Salamowit and Heben are in Ethiopia and they are currently having an occasional problem with connections and sounds so we will just go for it and see what happens. They work for the Montmaternity Foundation and I'm really interested in listening to this because it uses a hybrid method of educating and they're going to tell us all about it. So over to you to introduce yourselves Astrid. Thank you very much Linda. So yeah, my name is Astrid Grundweig and I'm a research and learning officer in maternity foundation based in Copenhagen and today I'm presenting with Heben and Salamowit will see if Heben's sound works now and then she will start the presentation and Salamowit will be with us to respond to questions on the side and also take part in the discussion at the end. But I think we are still having some issues with the sound coming through from Heben in Addis. So I will continue and then hopefully the sound will improve along the way. Yes, do go ahead and try every so often but then we'll see how it goes. I think there's a delay as well. I have a feeling there's a delay. Okay, well we see and so today we're presenting to you some of the findings from this ENC now a feasibility and effectiveness pilot study that we did of four different training approaches of the same ENC now content which was the content developed by Lerdale and AAP in the line of COVID-19 taking the traditional ENC content and adapting it for an online format and the maternity foundation implemented these four different training modalities in Ethiopia. So yes the core content was the ENC now content. Heben, are we hearing you now? I don't know if you are. Yes, please proceed. Thank you very much and sorry for the disruption and thank you Astrid for filling up for me. Yeah, we are here to present for you today about the ENC now pilot project we were having with Lardale Global Health and AAP. It's a curricula adopted from online training developed by these two huge organizations and it's focused on the essential newborn care management. So management of birth asphyxia including the BNB exercises. So this ENC online training was conducted from May to October 2021 in Ethiopia as is in one of the regions in the Amhara region which is nearby to Addis Ababa called Debra Bohan and we were conducting this pilot study in 18 health facilities and in total we were having 59 participants who took part on this ENC now pilot. So the training approach was a blended learning with an online lecture and on-site exercise with the on-site facilitators and clinical practice and at the same time we used the virtual methods like telegram to do exercises. So the materials and tools we used during this the ENC approach is the online ENC slide text and there was a flip chart presentation used and peer-to-peer clinical practice on-site and then the neonatal mannequins from Lardale Global Health Work used to do the simulation practices and self-deliver application from Maternity Foundation was also integrated when the trainings were being provided and also when the participants are routinely exercising on their daily routine life. So the facilitators where there were two types of facilitators the TOT trained remote master trainers they were trained by Lardale Global Health and TOT trained on-site facilitators which were also trained by the master trainers. So we have of today one who can facilitate on-site and the others were from remotely or virtually by the master trainers. So this the ENC now training or the pilot training has four approaches we were dividing these facilities and the health care professionals in four categories and we were implementing this the first two they were using the traditionally structured one-day ENC course like a full-day ENC course which was delivered by the master trainers online and it was supported by the on-site facilitators in were present in the facilities and then this one day the longer training the traditional type of training was supported by stream and self-directed learning and which was also encouraged and facilitated through the virtual approach like on a telegram group they were given some exercises to conduct and then they were sharing for the larger group and the other facilities who are also a team member in the telegram group so these exercises were conducted and posted. So this approach was used for the first two groups the R1 and for R1 and R3 and then the difference between R1 and R3 was one of the arms I mean R1 and R2. R1 uses the SDA integrated slide decks and also on their clinical practice like the streamers self-directed learning was also supported by the safe delivery application and when we come to the R1 the second R they use the longer approach but the safe delivery application was not integrated so when we come to the third and fourth arms and arms for our delivered the ANC course and then a spaced out approach like the portion of the trainings were divided into five and then every two weeks they took a session which will last like a moderately three hours and then for arms 3 the safe delivery application was also integrated throughout the course time and for arm 4 the safe delivery application was not integrated and these also the second I mean the third and the fourth arms were also given exercises to post on the telegram group and like everybody was motivated throughout the three months time period when they conduct when we are conducting the this ANC pilot. So we were trying to see two things one the the effect of like between the spaced out trainings and the older method like the one time longer training and also the second thing we were trying to see is the integration of the safe delivery application in the retention of knowledge and skill for these four groups so that the study design is a mixed approach we were trying to see the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach and we use qualitative and quantitative tools so at the start of the pilot study a background survey for the participants characteristic like was conducted baseline and in-line follow-up assessments or also conducted they were assessed for sorry knowledge on the ANC and the skills was measured by the OSCIS conducted by the on-site facilitators using the back and mask ventilation and self administered confidence assessment test was also filled out by the participants this was used as a quantitative tool and beside this OSCIS and knowledge and skill assessment we were also having a rapid facility review at the follow-up time to see the improvement of the changes which have been brought after the training based on the skill and knowledge of the participants so as a qualitative tool a feedback survey with participants and the facilitators in-depth interview for selected like sample participants and a focus group discussion with the on-site facilitators was conducted and the health facility managers were also assessed for a rapid feedback survey to see what they have observed after the training and this follow-up study so this was the tools which we used to assess so when we come to the participant characteristic as I was mentioning we were having 59 midwifes and other health workers from these 18 health facilities in North Zard Shoah so when you see a majority of them were like midwifes and from the 59 58 were midwifes and one clinical nurse involved in the at the baseline assessment 70 percent of them were female and 30 may 30 were male when we see the average age for the participants was 27 with the minimum of 22 years and maximum of 40 years of the participants and from the 59 participants 68 percent of them had a smartphone which was used to to install the safe delivery application and they were using throughout the time so when you see the clinical year of experience for this participant it ranges from one year up to 10 last years so majority of them were having experience like two to five years which were account 47 percent of the participants then followed by five to ten years experience which accounts 28 percent and around four percent of them have 10 plus years experience and 13 percent of the participants were having around one year less than one year experience in their clinical practice so the other thing at the baseline which we assessed was for trainings they took in the past six months before our study starts and 21 percent of the participants responded that they did a training a priority but mostly it was family planning and other trainings but not the ANC training and only one participant responded that they have a remote training history or experience before and none of them had a training experience at the facility which was conducted on site in the facility in the past 30 days prior to our baseline assessment or our study begins yeah on the retention of our participants mostly we say we were successful on retaining the participants but some connectivity issue was a challenge for Wi-Fi connectivity was a challenge mentioned by the participants and at the beginning of the study we were having 50 some participants in the in the line it declined to 50 and in the follow-up time which was conducted after three months we were having 44 participants so there were a little dropouts and when the Gleason 4 dropout of participants were assessed mostly it was because the participants were transferred to other health facilities where we were not conducting the assessment or this pilot study was not part of and the other bigger reason for leaving or not participating in the follow-up time was because of a maternity leave some of the female participants gave presents they were in maternity leave so from baseline to inline we lost seven participants due to these reasons and then from inline to follow-up six participants were lost so at the end of the follow-up there were around 44 participants in this study so was it feasible to implement all the approach and the other key points will be discussed by my colleague Astrid thank you for your time over to you Astrid thank you very much Kevin and how happy I am that the connection came back and so I will share with you some of the results from the data collection that we have done across different participants in the project and first we're sharing a bit from the master trainer's perspectives where we found that it is possible and feasible to deliver the remote version of the ENC training both in the short version and the spaced out version however it was observed that the short and intensive full day is can be challenging because it requires a lot from the learners that they need to absorb all the content in one day and a full day of Zoom trainings can be really tiring and thus a higher risk of losing the participants attention and on the other hand we found that the spaced out sessions worked quite well but maybe the five sessions were too much and and we'll have to really think about with refining how they were spread out into two different sessions and the safe delivery app was integrated into the package and and that was found feasible from the perspective of the master trainers they were able to integrate relevant videos from the safety delivery app and also guide participants to do certain exercises in the app and it provided this bridge between the online training and also the self-directed learning and we also learned that well despite having tested the internet connectivity in Ethiopia we know there are certain challenges and sometimes on the day it just doesn't work very well for a while as we also saw today and and it's important to really try to test it as well as possible before and also have backup options which for this training the very good facilitators were a key part because they enabled some kind of continuation even when the the connectivity challenges were really massive and what was also observed by the master trainers is that it was important to ensure that the healthcare workers in the facilities actually have dedicated time off to participate whereas it was put out for the facilities to decide how they wanted to participate but some healthcare workers or midwives had to both kind of attend to the case flow at the facility and try to participate at the same time which led to some interruption in the training participation we had included the self-directed learning component to introduce this mixed training modality approach and had a very detailed weekly schedule had been developed by the master trainers to support and and reinforce the learning that had taken place in the session so in the content and what we found when we tried to to have a look at whether there was high participation or not we found that it varies quite a bit at the each of the arms the participants were requested to share back in the group when they had conducted the exercises and share videos or images of them doing the drills and the like and what we saw across the groups is that there was huge variation in is in some of the facilities they didn't share any activities and in others it was up to 70 percent of all the activities and if we did find that within the group so there was high participation initially it seemed to be contagious and more and more facilities decided to join and share back some some of their experiences but it was also a challenge maybe to maintain the participation level over the full three month period and what we also learned from the interviews is that the internet connectivity was also a discouraging factor because participants said they were not able to upload images or videos and there we should for next time also think about how just to encourage participation in in written form and but generally from those who participated they found the messages very helpful and and not annoying because it helped them stay on track with the learning and it motivated them to help to continue working on the exercises and and some also mentioned that they continued practicing and doing redoing the exercises until they got them perfectly well and felt that they want to share them in the group and we they were also the feedback was also that they were helpful in terms of of reminding you to continue doing the exercises which helped retain both the knowledge and skills and at the end line we collected feedback from the participants about their training experience and what we found was that generally across the both both approaches there was a quite a high level of satisfaction with the training approach and the tools and for many it was a novel experience they had not participated in a remotely delivered training before and also found that the mix between the online training and and the offline exercises and drills at the facilities as well as the weekly exercises was a good combination and the safe delivery app was also well received by the two arms where it was integrated and they find it helpful that they can review the videos and the clinical practice cards at their own time for extra revision and it was again also emphasized this challenge about timing and and that it was challenging to manage case caseload whilst also taking time off to participate that would be something that needs focus for next training and there was a dissatisfaction expressed with the PDM because at the receiving the training at the facility came with a and at facility PDM which is quite different from the PDM sometimes received when going outside the facility to participate in training and and that was we also mentioned quite a few times but at the end after the training had been completed and the participants had seen the benefit they say they would also like to receive this type of training and at the time because they found it quite helpful and what some one participant also pointed out that it was a very inclusive way of receiving the training because everyone or several health care workers at the facility midwives participated whereas other times it's a training that takes place outside the facility and only the senior midwife or the facility manager goes to receive the training and again we have also heard that some would still prefer off-site training to be able to concentrate fully so there's still some unsolved issues we interviewed both facility managers and the facilitators and largely they their feedback echoes both that of the the participants and also the master trainers and they found that it was a relevant and well-structured training and that the tools and and the experience was generally good the issues around wi-fi interruptions or lack of smartphones among the participants were observed as challenges and and also the training during work hours but it's worth bearing in mind that tablets were delivered to each the facilities to both allow the participants to connect during the trainings but also to do exercises on a continued basis using the facility tablets to try to bridge the issue of individual smartphone ownership so when we try to explore we have a small group and as you as heaven pointed out there was a drop in participation so our results are indicative but we'd like to if we have the possibility to scale up to explore the results at a larger scale but what we see from the the assessments that we're done at baseline end line and follow-up is that generally there was a overall an improvement in the knowledge a quite a high one from the baseline to the end line where we saw that in the at the baseline around 30 percent past the ENC knowledge test following the existing criteria and that was up to 70 percent at the end line and our results indicated further improvement at the follow-up to 80 percent who passed the the knowledge assessment and there are some variations across the arms but generally there was an improvement from baseline to end line quite high and in some cases a further improvement for the follow-up except for in arm one but that's also a particular because we faced some challenges on the ground and a different team of of assessors of facilitators went to do the follow-up assessment also at a delayed time due to insecurities on the ground so we had to delay the whole process and but generally this there wasn't a strong improvement in the knowledge from baseline to end and overall it was maintained at the follow-up which for us is if something we keep in mind because often we observe a drop in the retention of knowledge when we do a follow-up three to six months later that is what we've experienced in a lot of other training initiatives we have conducted in Ethiopia what we also saw is that there was a positive effect on the confidence we tried to assess confidence in in ENC related tasks and there was also a as a overall a significant increase from the baseline to end line and again we saw this sustained at the follow-up and one participant also kind of puts it into perspective and explains how they when they faced an asphyxiated newborn before there was fear and it was difficult to resuscitate but now the training has helped them manage complications so that's very promising and similarly we saw with the skills and increase and the high retention and and we saw again the shift from around 30 percent passing the the oski b case scenario of the ENC course content up to 75 percent passing the skill scenario and 75 percent of the participants well pasted both end line and follow-up and also when we checked the basket we used the bag and mask ventilation check and those nine steps in that assessment we also saw an increase from around 43 percent overall being able to conduct this bag and mask ventilation check at all the steps up to 68 and at the follow-up 70 percent and so generally it is high retention and at the follow-up level again with some variations across the arms that will we're working on exploring a bit further looking not across all four arms but really about into the results of the short and intense training versus the spaced out training the training took place at the facilities and we are required we're quite interested and excited about these results where we asked at the follow-up whether any kind of exercises had been done or training initiatives by the participants at the facilities in the 30 days prior to the follow-up which is a well way after the core training had ended and what we see when we ask that question is that in there was a high increase from no one responding that they had done any exercise at the facility prior to the baseline it was up to between 25 and 93 percent of the respondents across the facilities who said so at the follow-up point and one participant also explains that they took what they learned in the training and they trained two other midwives and for the nurse they also demonstrated and showed them how to resuscitate because in case of a work overload anyone should be able to help the babies breathe and or resuscitate them so they took what they learned in the training and passed it on to other colleagues at their facilities which is an encouraging and surprising results for us from this training and when we in the interviews explored whether this training had been practical and they had been able to put the knowledge and skills taught into practice this is an important point for us because we are aware that sometimes the knowledge and skills learned in a training doesn't necessarily carry over into practice so we spend a bit of time exploring this and generally there was feedback that it was very practical and they were able to take what they learned and put it into to practice and act in case of complications and one participant also explains that we now do the job manage as fixed here without any difficulty and the on-site facilitators also mentioned that they saw this practice improve during their repeated visits and the facility managers again also echoed this that they say that their practice had and performance had changed and improved as a result of the training so we'll just jump to the conclusion before we love to hear also from all the participants listening in today about their experiences with remote trainings what we found is that it's possible to do the remote version of the ENC now training with the self-directed learning component but it requires quite a bit of preparation and it's very important that there's dedicated time off for the learners and good internet connectivity or very good alternatives in case the connection breaks and we found that trying to establish this community of practice on telegram which would be a supporting component to the training and was intended to help reiterate training and increase retention through a social learning experience was challenging to maintain throughout but it's clear that some participants found it very useful and helpful and benefited from it a lot so we are trying to further explore what what were the key factors that made it work very well in some groups and maybe a little bit less well in other groups we found that the safe delivery integration was feasible and could serve as a helpful add-on especially because it works completely well offline so when when the connectivity was challenged and some of the online tools for this training didn't work the safe delivery app was still functioning the spaced out trainings were well received by many participants but we found it's necessary to refine the session structure a little bit and overall the results also point towards higher retention from the spaced out trainings but this is also something we are exploring further and we learned that it's important to address the question around expectations per diem expectations upfront and explore other ways to incentivize a participation one option that we discussed but wasn't included in this training was to ensure that CPD points are credited this is something we have achieved in other projects and initiatives in Ethiopia and something we'll also explore going forward and we overall see that the remote training can effectively increase knowledge and skills and whether it's the short and intensive combined with the self-directed learning or the the spaced out combined with the self-directed learning the results are promising and overall the retention at three months follow-up is quite high and and then we have all this feedback that points towards a very interesting and sustained change both in terms of maybe there's an indication that supported establishing a bit of a community of practice at the facilities where yeah with the mannequins and with the tools at the facilities the participants in the midwives also empowered to pass on what they learned and and train other colleagues and that because it took place at the facilities and it was very practical it's impossible to to implement the changes in the practice straight away so with that I think we'd like to hear from all the all the colleagues who are listening in if they have had other experiences and what their thoughts are thank you so much thank you very much Astrid and heaven could I hand this stage over to my colleague Juliet who is shadowing me as facilitator in this session and she'll help with the questions I'm going to put a question straight away in the chat over to you Juliet thank you so much and thank you for a really interesting presentation yeah it's there's so much to absorb but in quite a short time but it was really interesting so Linda's question I'll just read it out for for everybody have you considered teaching these skills to the whole multidisciplinary team for example the doctors as well which might help build a team build in where Linda reckons it might do that had you had you considered that Astrid or heaven pardon can you repeat the question please yes had have you considered teaching the skills to the whole multidisciplinary team so including the doctors as well for example to try and help build the sense of a team okay so this pilot study as we were earlier mentioning was conducted in the health centers so in those health centers there are the nurses the midwives and health officers who are working in the facility and this pilot or the training includes everyone who is working in the msh department who are in close contact with the mothers and the newborns so they were taking part on the training so yes actually there were no doctors in the facilities but the rest of the team who was available and working in the health facilities was included and the peer-to-peer learning session after the cascading of training by maternity foundation with the remote facilitators they were transferring their skill and knowledge for their colleagues in the health facilities if I answer your question correctly thank you thank you yes yes so you it was it was including everybody who was there although you didn't happen to have doctors in in the health facilities lovely thank you there's a question from Sheila clone morning Sheila I know Sheila from a vault so Sheila's asking what role did the onsite facilitators play and was this linked to the training times only or throughout the first three months what is the role of the onsite facilitators so the role of the onsite facilitators is to co-facilitate or train the midwives or the healthcare professionals who were part of the training and in the health facility it was a two type of approach as I was mentioning so remotely via zoom we were providing the training with the slide decks and then these onsite facilitators are present in the facility they are from and nearby other facilities hospital teaching institutions and their master trainers also so they were supporting the team on one facilitating the training the second is when there is a clinical practice or when hands-on skill is involved like even though we are following virtually they are there in the in the facility to assist or coach the participants on conducting the skills or the practical stations and then they are also giving them feedback for what they were doing in the facility and they are also part of the telegram group to motivate and encourage the participants to conduct all the skill assessments like I mean skill practices they are conducting and then sharing for the larger group and they were supporting them throughout the three months the process not only only in the actual training time but also throughout the time where we were conducting the assessment and the whole pilot thank you very much okay so they did have an ongoing role for sure and a sort of encouraging role as well to keep the motivation going it sounds like from what you're saying yes sorry one thing I forget that beside the encouraging role and the coaching role that they have also when we were conducting the skills assessment in the baseline and at the end line in the follow-up time also they were involved would like to do the skill assessment to see the improvement pre and post skill assessment also conducted by the on-site facilitators for the participants okay so was that the same facilitated throughout the whole trial as it were was it the same one who did it at the beginning and partly throughout the end or did the did you have different facilitators yes so at the beginning of the training or when we start like for the four arms we have 18 facilities so for this 18 facilities one on-site facilitator was assigned for each one and and this onsite facilitator like continues throughout the time like similar facilitators yes was used to do the baseline assessment the in-line assessment in the training times even for the interrupted arm tree and an armor for trainings like when we do five substations of the training similar facilitators were visiting the health facility to do and each group has its own facilitator not to mix up and you know to have a proper follow-up for each one we are trying to minimize the bias by retaining the facilitators at each facility okay thank you she just made a comment in the chat there talking about the challenge of being able to build in sustainable strategies excuse me and I was wondering whether you felt that the um safe delivery app was part of that um approach to try and you know it was sort of resource that was ongoing as you say both able to be used online and offline so it's kind of cement learning in a much longer term way is that why that was developed uh yeah um with your question you have also given the a little bit of the answer the safe delivery application is um a tool which is developed by maternity foundation which Karnas is a healthcare professional not only midwifes but any skill birds that enhance on like developing their skill and retain for retaining their knowledge so it has different topics like there are video section cards practical procedures and there is a my learning session which they can also be certified by answering and answering your questions which is in the app and at the end they can be certified this was also part of the in the file it where the safe delivery application was integrated for the two of arms and that is also one way to keep the sustainability and the other is these four arms as I as we were earlier mentioning they have a telegram group for each arm and then in the at the first stage the telegram group was used to communicate among the arms so each arm like have four to five has the facilities different heads facility so they share experience in the from their facilities and then participants who are working in that facility can be added at any time even they are keeping the telegram group until now even though the pilot project has ended we are also in that group and we can see like when people are trying to motivate themselves and share their experience some of them they post their certificate when they finish their my learning from the safety delivery application some of them they post that they have managed some of the baby and they are overcoming the challenge from what they get from the training and the legs for retaining all sustainability the telegram group is helping and the other the safety delivery application they have it on their hand and the smart with the smartphones so so that is for sure helping very much on retaining the knowledge skill and also the the program lovely thank you thank you so much I think we probably need to finish because well our time is nearly up I'm sure we could carry on this discussion with quite some time what's an amazing project


Roshan, Dave, Aaron, Kiran. Good morning, Pastor. Good morning. Good morning, Thomas. Good morning. Good morning. Morning. Morning. All right. So let's get started. Let's take a moment to pray together. And we'll get started. I think the others will join us. Let's take a moment to pray. And then we will start. Aaron?  Sure. Sure, Pastor. Let me pray. Thank you, Lord, for this day, Lord. And thank you even the Lord. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, Lord. And thank you. And as we learned you were today, Lord, reveal us the mighty things you've had for us today from your work. So Lord, Father, I pray in part for your wisdom so that, Lord, Father, we will understand you effectively and apply these in our daily lives. So Lord, we will come and you and submit yourself to the session into Your loving hand. Amen. Jesus is Nely. Amen. All right. So we covered Romans chapter 9 last week, till the end of Romans 9. And I know kind of the latter part, we went through it a little quickly, the last section. So I just wanted to see if anybody had any questions, any things that you would like to clear up from, or just revisit from Romans chapter 9, just to quickly review and then if there are any questions from Romans 9, we can discuss it and then move forward into Romans 10 and 11. Hopefully we'll cover both 10 and 11 today. In Romans 9, Paul turns his attention towards what is God doing with the Jewish people. He recognizes his own, or he expresses his own heart towards the Jewish people, Romans chapter 9, the first few verses. He recognizes what a privileged people they are, the Jewish people, that God has given them the covenants and all of that. But then, you know, what about all the promises he made to them, that they are the chosen people and through them the nations of the world would be blessed and you know, what about the promises God has made to the Jewish people if God is at the moment working through the church and doing all these wonderful things through the body of Christ. What about them, the Jewish people? So he says, look, the promises of God have not failed and will not fail. That's what he does. He mentions and then his first false states that God's promise to them continues to be fulfilled through the children of promise. In fact, that was actually what God was speaking to them, that when he said, you know, I will give you descendants, he was actually talking about the children of promise. That is those who, Jews and Gentiles who come to faith. So that's the first thing he points out. The second thing he points out, he brings our attention to is that the purposes of God will be fulfilled because God is sovereign and he speaks ahead of time and it will happen. And so we went about interpreting chapter nine, Romans nine, the rest of Romans nine, that is, was 10 onwards towards the end of chapter and we said, look, it has to be interpreted keeping in mind the sovereignty of God as well as the free will of man. So we intentionally put that together. We didn't isolate the free will of man and leave it aside, disregard it now. It has to be taken into account in the way we interpret scripture because the rest of scripture clearly bears evidence to the free will of man, the choice of man that God respects the choice, whether it's Adam or David or Solomon or anybody else that we see in the Bible, they made their own choices. They made their own decisions and they faced the consequences of it. And so while it is true that God's purpose, God is sovereign and his purposes will be fulfilled and somehow in a very interesting and very mysterious way, while the man is allowed to have his free will, God is still fulfilling his sovereign purpose through those decisions and choices. And the example he gave us, Paul mentions to us is about Jacob and Esau, about Pharaoh, about the potter and the clay, and then about the promises that God had given through the prophets, Hosea and Isaiah, about what he would do for the Gentiles. So before Gentiles and Israel. So he takes us through this journey actually through the Old Testament references and he brings about this point. And then finally, you know, he closes off and this is kind of what maybe kind of rushed through verses 32-33 saying that, you know, what has been the challenge? The challenge has been that Israel, that is the Jewish people, they are continuing or being insistent on attaining righteousness through the law. They're not willing to let go of that. They want to establish their own righteousness. And instead of receiving it by faith, they want to perceive it by the works of the law. And now God is not going to override that. That's their choice. That's what they're doing. So that's kind of how he ends Romans chapter nine. So are there any questions of Romans nine before we start reading chapter 10? Any questions on what we covered? I did mention that it is a challenging chapter because there has been different points of view presented out of this chapter, but we were very careful intentionally to blend both the Son of God and the will of man and look at it from that perspective. Any questions? All right. So it's not really a question, but, you know, when you explain, we understand the concept, like I understand, you know, what the text is saying, but I think my question is a little bit more practical in terms of, so, right, I find it difficult to express in words what I understand in my head, so I don't know. I think I might have to just improve my vocabulary or I don't know if it's just that or something else. So how do you, how did you approach or how did you learn? Sorry. Express this, like this, this, this whole truth about God's sovereignty and man's responsibility. Is that yes, yes. Like what I understand in my head, you know, sometimes I find it a little challenging to express in words what I understand. Yeah, maybe, yeah, I understand. I think one is to think through this, you know, like, I mean, what I do a lot is like when I'm studying, I'm actually meditating, thinking through on, you know, as I'm studying scripture, so I'm pondering, thinking through my own mind, you know, what is what is being said. And as I look up the meaning or the Greek or I might read it a few different versions, I'm mentally thinking through and maybe mentally also like painting pictures to try and understand what the scriptures are saying. So in some way, there's an understanding that is evolving within me in my own thinking, my own thought process about, you know, what the scriptures conveying. The second thing, of course, which is very important for all of us is to use illustrations. And I mean, I know I did not use any illustrations when explaining Romans nine, but, you know, a simple, a common illustration that I would use would be that of the landlord and the tenant, you know, so let's say I signed a lease with the landlord to rent his apartment. So, so I move in. Now, the apartment belongs to the landlord. But I've signed a lease. But now I become responsible for what happens inside the apartment. I can no longer blame the landlord. He is the owner. What happens inside the apartment is, is, is what I, is what I'm responsible for. So if I don't keep it clean, if I, you know, if I keep it messy, don't do the dishes, don't do the laundry, I can't blame the landlord. I can't say what kind of a landlord this is, this apartment is so dirty. No, who's living there? Who signed it? Who's there now? It's me. I am responsible for what happens here. Now, at any points, I mean, generally, if the landlord wishes to come into the apartment for whatever reason, now, let's, let's, let's, let's put it like this, right? Generally, the landlord will not just randomly walk into the apartment, even though it is his. He will walk in by invitation. That means the person who's taken the lease, if, if I want to invite the landlord for lunch, then I say, like, you know, would you like to come over for lunch or spend some time here? Yeah, he comes in by invitation, even though the apartment is his, because he's given it to me on lease, he's not just going to walk in any time. He's the owner, he won't walk in. Why? Because he's given it to me on lease and he somehow respects that. It is his place. He owns every piece, every brick in the building in this apartment, in this apartment, he's paid for it, but he just won't walk in through the front door unless he's invited. There are only certain situations where he's legally allowed to walk in. Maybe, you know, there's some sort of a criminal investigation or a police investigation, then of course the landlord and the police will just, they have the right to walk into the apartment uninvited. But other than that, he, even though the apartment belongs to him, he won't walk in. Now, if I find a problem in the apartment, maybe there's, you know, there's a plumbing that's broken and leaking or something, then I invite, I talk to the landlord, say, landlord, you know, here's the problem. This is not working. Also, can you come and fix it? And he will, you know, he'll send the right people to fix it. But that's happening based on invitation. So that's, I think to a fair degree, a good illustration, how God and us, how we engage on what happens here on earth. So God is the owner. He owns everything, but he's put us in charge of the earth in some sense. If you want to use the language, you can say he's given us a lease on the earth. He is going to come and take over, you know, the end of the book of Revelation. He's going to come in and he's going to establish new heavens, new earth. You know, it's like, OK, lease is over, guys. I'm coming back, you know. But till that time, the sparrow, this analogy, I think, explains to us how God works with us. He would come in by invitation.  And yet, he, unlike the landlord and the tenant, God is actually working out a certain purpose for humankind, which is which we don't find in this analogy. So this analogy is this illustration is somewhat limited in that sense. It illustrates certain things of the dynamical relationship, but it does not bring out the carrying out of purpose. So somehow that the landlord is actually carrying out his purpose in that the landlord is God. God is carrying out his purpose on the earth. In spite of what the choice is, you know, the tenant makes and God is still for even the tenant may keep the apartment messy and all of that, God is still carrying out his overall purpose. So, you know, if we kind of think maybe in terms of some sort of an illustration like that, it kind of helps us and to understand as well as to communicate this whole aspect of God being sovereign and, you know, what man is doing. So thank you, Pastor. So, any other questions? Anybody has anything else? Okay, so let's go to chapter 10 and chapter. And then, of course, we come to chapter 11. So like we said, Romans 9, 10, 11 are these three chapters where Paul is explaining one theme, which is what is God doing with the church and with Israel at this time? And now it's been broken into three chapters, but actually it's, you know, it's one part of the essay, part of this letter where Paul is focusing on this. And as you can see in Paul's writing that, you know, he quotes a lot from the Old Testament. In chapter nine itself, he's referenced the Old Testament several times in trying to explain to us what God is doing. Right? So let's get into chapter 10. He's going to continue here in chapter 10 quoting a lot from the Old Testament and then applying it to the church, applying it to what God is doing at this time. Let's continue. Let's read Romans chapter 10. And we will read verse one to five. Romans 10 verses one to five, please. Anybody could read it for us. Five to ten, Pastor. All right, please. For Moses wrote about the righteousness. One to five. Sorry. Romans 10, one to five. One to five. President, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved, for I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge, for they've been ignorant of God's righteousness and seeking to establish their own righteousness have not submitted to the righteousness of God. For Christ is the end of the law of righteousness to everyone who believes. For Moses writes about the righteousness which is of the law, the man who does those things shall live by them. So Romans 10, once again, just like how chapter nine began and Paul didn't necessarily, Paul didn't write it in chapter and verse that was done much later in the 1800s. But what Paul here, he has said a lot of things and then he goes back to what he said at the beginning of chapter nine, which is rather than my, he's expressing his heart, you know. It's just, you know what I really wanted my heart is for the Jewish people to be saved. That means for them to come to know Jesus Christ. Now remember Paul himself was once a Jewish, a staunch Jew and he's come to faith in Christ, a very powerful encounter. And so for him to say, I want Israel to be saved. That's verse one. My heart's desire and prayer to God is for Israel to be saved. For that nation, people, Jewish people to be saved.  You know, that means it is talking about the significance of his transformation, his conversion. He's come to Christ and now this once staunch Jew is deciding the same thing for the rest of the Jewish people. And then he recognizes or he states the problem. He says, you know, verse two, they have a zeal for God. They are people who are very zealous for God, very deeply spiritual people. But the problem is they don't have the right knowledge. They don't have the knowledge. They don't know the truth. They should blind it to the truth. The eyes have not been opened to this. And so what are they doing? Verse three, because they're ignorant. They're ignorant of how one can receive God's righteousness. They're going about trying to establish their own righteousness. That is what she has mentioned earlier through the law. So that's the problem. They haven't received a revelation and understanding of how you can receive God's righteousness through Jesus Christ. But instead they are trying to establish their own righteousness by keeping the law. And verse four, he says, you know, but Christ is the end of the law for righteousness. So here's the truth that the Apostle Paul is so convinced about and he bears brings it about in his writings. In Romans, we see especially in Galatians, that Christ is the end of the law. That means all of the law was given for one reason, to bring us to Christ. And all of the law is speaking and pointing to one person, Christ. And all of the law is fulfilled and met, satisfied in one person. That's Christ. So Christ is the end of the law. So the law points to him. The law is fulfilled in him and the law is satisfied by him, fully satisfied by him. Christ is the end of the law. And it is through him that righteousness is possible for everyone.  And that's very difficult, you know, because you're going to end up breaking at least one of the many laws. And if you break one law, you broke the whole law. So that option is actually not available. The option of getting righteousness through the law. So the only thing that we can do is receive God's righteousness through Christ. But the Jews are unwilling, Israel is unwilling to see that. They're not willing to receive that knowledge. And so they're just going about to establish their own righteousness. So that's the problem. And then very interestingly, he continues now in verse six to talk about the righteousness that comes from faith. That means how does those or how actually it's people, right? The people who receive righteousness by faith, how do they live? How do they live? And we see here in, we will read verses six through 13. So Romans chapter 10, let's read, please, verses six through 13. Somebody could read that for us, please. Romans five, six to 13. But the righteousness of faith speaks in this way. To not say in your heart, who will ascend into heaven? That is to bring Christ down from above. Or who will descend into the obsessed? That is to bring Christ up from the dead. But what does it say?  That is the word of faith, which we preach. That if you confuse with your mouth, the Lord reaches and believe in your heart. That God has raised him from the dead. You will be saved for with the heart one believers into righteousness. And with the mouth confession is made into salvation. For the scripture says, whoever believes on him will not be put to sin. For there is no distinction between Jews and Greek. For the same Lord over all is rich to all who call upon him. For whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. Man, thank you. Thank you. Okay. So we're six, Romans 10, we're six. Paul is saying, but the righteousness that is of faith speaks in this way. So he just says, you know, that's the righteousness of the law, which none of us can receive. But those of us who do receive the righteousness of faith, the righteousness which comes through faith in Christ, we speak like this. We speak like this. And it's very interesting why at this point is he going into talking about, you know, something that has to do with speaking. Says the righteousness, which is a faith speaks in this way. And why is he transitioning into something like this at this point? And secondly, it's very interesting that from here in verse six on this point, after he says the righteousness of faith speaks like this from that point. And to lend a verse out to the middle of verse eight, he actually goes and quotes quoting Moses from Deuteronomy chapter 13 verses 11 to 14. So keep your hand in Romans 10. Let's just jump over to Deuteronomy chapter 13 and just read that verses 11 to 14. So here Paul is saying those who receive righteousness by faith, they speak like this. And then he goes back and he quotes from Moses. Let's read that Deuteronomy 30 verses 11 to 14 place. Somebody could read that Deuteronomy 30 11 to 14. Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach. It is not up in heaven. So that you have to ask who will ascend into heaven to get it and claim it to us. So we may obey it. Nor is it beyond the sea. So that you have to ask who will cross the sea to get it and proclaim it to us. So we may obey it. No, the word is very near you.  So you may obey it. Thank you. So Deuteronomy 30 11 to 14. Moses spoke to the people of Israel. He said this commandment. That's verse 11 Deuteronomy 30 11. This commandment, this law, all the words of the book of this law, everything that I've spoken to you. This commandment. It's not too mysterious. It's not too difficult to understand. And neither is it far away from you.  It's verse 13. It's not way out there in the sea, the far distant oceans that who's going to cross the seas and get it for me? No, verse 14. The word is near you. It's in your mouth and in your heart that you may do it. So Moses says this commandment is very close to you. It's in your heart.  Now Paul, Romans going back to Romans 10 verse six says the righteousness of faith speaks like this. And then he quotes, like we said, he quotes from the drama 30 11 to 14. But instead of saying the commandment, he says the word of faith which we preach. So he says the word is near you. Moses said the commandment is near you. Paul is using that same text, but he's replacing commandment with something else. He's saying in Romans 10 verse six, you know, he says, do not say cool ascended to heaven to bring Christ. So he's really replacing or let me put it like this. He's really replacing commandment with Christ because he has just stated the end of the law is Christ. The end of the commandment is Christ. So he's replacing that commandment or the law with Christ, the word or the message of Christ, the word of faith. So he says, verse six, don't say into your heart who's going to bring Christ down from above. Or don't say, you know, who's going to descend into the abyss or go down to the depths of the sea to bring Christ out from the dead as he's dead. He's still dead. But verse eight, Romans 10. What does it say in scripture? What does all scripture say? The word is near you.  And now Paul explains what I'm referring to Romans 10 verse eight is you saying that is the word of faith which we preach. So what is he trying to do here? Several things. One, really the way that God wants us to live has not changed. In the Old Testament, from 1311 to 14, he said, you've got to keep my word in your heart and in your mouth in order to do it. Coming to the New Testament, keep my word in your heart and in your mouth. But what has changed is the word that we keep. In the Old, it was the commandment of the law. In the New, it's the message of Christ, the word of faith which we preach. Keep that word, the word of Christ, the word of faith, the teaching of Jesus and who Jesus is and what he has done and what he has made available. So the commandment has been replaced with Christ. The law has been replaced with Christ and keep his word, his message in your heart and in your mouth. But in the Old or the New, we live the same way. His word is in our heart and in our mouth. So what Paul is saying is, look, we're living the same way, but Christ has replaced the commandment. Moses said, this commandment which I command you will be in your heart and in your mouth so that you can do it. Paul comes around and says, the end of the commandment, the end of the law is Christ. And Christ isn't so far away or deep down, but he's right near you. And what is that? It's the word of faith. It's the message of Christ. Christ is and what he has done and that message, that word, keep it in your heart, keep it in your mouth. And then he explains to us in verses 9 and 10, something that is not explained to us in Teutoromy 13 as to how this whole thing works, like the dynamics of it, like the inner details of the working of keeping that word in our heart and in our mouth. Or when I say word, it's the message of Christ or the word of faith which we preach, which Paul mentions here in Romans 10 verse 8. This word of faith, this message that produces faith. And what is the message about Christ? So how does that work? What is the dynamics of this whole thing? He's explaining to us in verse 9 and 10, which is not explained to us in Romans, in Teutoromy 30. In Teutoromy 30, God simply told him, hey, keep my word in your heart, in your mouth, and so that you may do it. But Paul is taking it a little further.  The Lord Jesus. So Christ has replaced the commandment.  And believe in your heart that God has raised him from the dead. You will be saved. Oh, so he's saying, you know that principle there in the Old Testament that God gave to his people. We are living by the same principle here in the New Testament. Just that Christ has replaced commandment. And if we believe in this Jesus, who is his message? And we confess that with him, with our mouth, who he is and what he has done and his message. We will experience salvation or stand for with our heart. One believes unto righteousness. So why does God want us to keep his word in our heart? Because we believe with our heart. That means you believe that word. You believe who Christ is, what he has done, his message. You believe with your heart. And when you believe in your heart, it puts you in a place of righteousness. It puts you in a place of right standing with God.  You're in a right standing with God.  So with heart, man believes resulting in righteousness. That's where I stand. And with the mouth, confession is made. Resulting in or unto salvation or resulting in salvation. That means the experience of who Christ is or what he has done. And what his message says, the message of Christ. To experience salvation takes place in our lives. Those of us who receive righteousness by faith, we speak like this. So, you know, we can, there's a lot that we can emphasize from these verses. We can emphasize the way we are supposed to speak. Those of us who receive righteousness by faith. This is how we are supposed to speak. That is, we believe in our heart and we speak with our mouth. Who Jesus is, what he has done, what he has provided for us. That is the message of Christ. The word of faith, which we preach. That was everything that Paul was saying. Everything we have been preaching to you about Christ. That is what we have to speak. And we do not speak as though Christ was so far away in heaven. Or as though he's still dead beneath. So he says, don't speak like that.  So you don't say, oh, who's going to bring Christ from heaven? Or who's going to bring him down from the, up from the dead? No, don't speak like that. But instead, his message, the word of faith, is right there with you. It's in your heart and it's in your mouth. In your heart you believe that message about Christ. And it puts you in a right standing with God. And you say with your mouth, experience salvation. That means who Christ is, the Savior, the deliverer. Now, the other thing we can say is, the other extension of extrapolating or extending this truth is, it's not just about saying it once. Because if you go back to Deuteronomy 30, God didn't just say, say my law once in your lifetime. That wasn't the intent of what God said in Deuteronomy 30. He said, it's a way of life. This commandment will be in your heart and in your mouth that you may do it. That means you may live by it. It's a way of life. Keeping his word in our heart and in our mouth is our way of life. So confessing, believing and confessing who Christ is to us is our way of life. It's not that I do it once. So usually we use these scriptures. If you've never been saved, I want you to say this with me. Okay, you're saved. God bless you. Wonderful. And we leave it at that. But the original intent of what Paul is presenting here, which he quoted from Deuteronomy 30, was not given as a one-off thing. It was given as a lifestyle. So Romans 10, 8 through 10 is a lifestyle. It's a way of life. That means we continually believe in our heart and confess with our mouth who Jesus Christ is. What he has accomplished for us through his death, burial, resurrection and ascension. What that means for us. It's a way of life. This is how those who have received righteousness by faith speak. They always speak the word of faith. They always speak the message of who Jesus is, what he has done, how through his death, burial, resurrection and ascension, they are believing that all the time and they're saying that that's how they live. And doing that, and it's believing in our heart and confessing with our mouth, puts us in this place of right standing with God and of receiving or experiencing who Christ is. Because he says that the heart man believes unto righteousness, where the mouth confession is made unto salvation. So both salvation and righteousness and experiencing salvation that is the saving, healing, delivering who Christ is to us, the Savior, experiencing that comes through this way of believing in our heart and confessing with our mouth. This message of Christ, who Christ is. So as a way of life, this is what we do and this is how we experience Christ as our Savior in every sense. The word salvation we need to point out is it's the word so and so or the word there simply means that that word salvation in the Greek is a comprehensive word. It includes forgiveness of sins as we understand it. Being healed from sickness, being delivered from bondage, being set free, being rescued from harm and danger, being granted experiencing victory over enemies, wholeness, all of that is in that word salvation because you'll find that sometimes that word, where it says, your faith has saved you. Your faith has healed you. Your faith has made you whole. So it's that same word that's translated saved, healed or whole. So experiencing that wholeness that comes through Christ or salvation that comes through Christ happens like this.  And I just want to point out the word confession. It means the word confesses homologia. That means to say the same thing. That means hours we speak in agreement with who Christ is. This is what Jesus is. This is what he did for me on the cross through his death, burial, resurrection, ascension. So I am saying the same thing. I'm saying who Christ is. I'm not saying contrary to who he is, but I'm speaking in agreement with who he is and what he has done. That's confession with our heart. Man believes under righteousness and with the mouth confession. That means you're speaking in agreement with. You are saying who Christ is. And this is very important because Jesus did tell us in Matthew 10, verse 32, he said, If you confess me before man, I will confess you before my father. If we acknowledge and say who Christ is to us, then Jesus, look, I will declare the same thing that I am this to them. I am their savior, healer, deliverer, redeemer, so on. So Romans 10, 6 through 10 is an interesting passage because the Apostle Paul is taking this Old Testament text and applying it to those of us who believe in Christ. And it starts off with stems from this truth that Christ is the end of the law. This was a practice God gave for those under the law. The same practice is continuing, but the commandment is replaced with the person of Christ. The law is replaced with the person of Christ. And Paul gets into a little bit more details on the dynamic. What happens when we do this of believing in our heart and saying with our mouth the word that God has given to us. And in the light of this, he says, look, verse 11, 12, 13, this word of faith, this message of Christ, what he did through his death, burial, resurrection and ascension has to reach all people. It's not just for us because anyone can have access to this. Whoever, verse 11 for the scripture says, whoever believes, again, verse 13, whoever calls. And this is for everybody, verse 12, the Jew and the Greek, because God is rich to all who call on him. That means this message and this truth about this preaching about Christ or this word of faith concerning Christ has to go to all people. And it's accessible to Jew and Greek, anyone.  I suppose. Okay. Any questions? Okay. So, yeah, I think let's read verses 14 to 21. And then we just go for a break. And after that, and then we will explain the rest of the rest of this chapter is more of our motivation to say, look, this message of Christ has to go out to everybody. Right. So let's just read verses 14 to 21. Romans 10, 14 to 21, somebody could read it for us. And then we'll go for a break and come back. Romans was 14 to 21. How can, sorry, how then can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in one of the whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, how beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news? But not all the Israelites accepted the good news. For Isaiah says, Lord, who has believed our message? Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message. And the message is heard through the word of Christ. But I ask, did they not hear? Of course they did. Their voice has gone out into all the earth. Their words to the end of the world. Again, I ask, did Isaiah not understand? First Moses says, I will make you envious by those who are not a nation.  And Isaiah boldly says, I was found by those who did not seek me. I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me. But concerning Israel, he says, all day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people. Thank you. All right, so we will take our break. And then we'll come back and look at verses 14 to 21. What is Paul bringing out here in the light of what he has already shared with us? So let's take a break and we'll be back in about 10 minutes. Thank you.


I see three existential crises that are facing us, and we are neither recognizing them, and even less are we reacting effectively. The most obvious one and the best recognized is the collapse of the ecological infrastructure that sustains life on Earth. I think this one is perhaps better recognized than the other two, but governments have been unable to do anything effective. What has been done doesn't even begin to address the problem with the urgency which it requires. It is a very huge concern. I think it is recognized by very many people, but we the people, so to speak, really feel rather powerless as to what can be done about it because this requires action at the level of states, and the democracies at least are more concerned whether there is some kind of loss of employment or some economic benefit that has to be sacrificed in order to make these changes. I think it's a big problem because in effect it has to do also whether our representative democracies are effective as means of governments. They seem to have failed us on the issue of environment, but that's one. The second one, which is really, I think, sensed by many people as an existential danger, but is hardly talked about at all, and that really are the atomic weapons that have been multiplying in this world and the international relations of not only the old powers, but a number of new powers that have come or that have risen to claim their place in the international scheme of things. At the time when the international institutions we have, that is the United Nations, are much weaker than they were many, many years ago, that we had for a long time a bipolar system, if you want to call it, of the two Cold War adversaries that has gone since the 1990s, and we really don't have any system much at the same time as the possibilities of accidentally involving the two countries, the United States and Russia that have the largest arsenals of nuclear weapons from the Cold War days, and what are now developing more, and developing also particularly in the United States, the idea that, well, nuclear weapons can be just kind of normal, they don't have to be big heavy bombs, we can also be used in more local warfare, very, very dangerous. The navigation by the US followed by the Russians of the agreement very recently, and I think that the danger of a nuclear destruction is very real, and I kind of feel we're sleepwalking into the problem at this point in time because nobody wants to talk about it. And the danger really is, except for the atomic scientists and their bulletin that has moved the clock closer to midnight than any time since the 1960s, and we hardly hear about that either. And then we have all of NATO having adopted nuclear weapons of various kinds. Well, that's the second one. The third one is the information technology revolution. It seems to me very clear that this technological revolution is different from the previous first industrial revolution that gave us. There was mechanical, it gave us steam engines and railways, and the second one that gave us scientific products and chemistry and photography and pharmaceuticals and all these things. Incidentally, much of these chemicals have caused the pollution that we are now facing, not to mention the energy, and then we had, of course, the forest era, and that in some ways was the happiest, the so-called Trontania glories, the 30 golden years, golden age, 45 to the mid-70s, or Indian consensus that it is also called. And the mass production for mass consumption. But what was being produced was, iconically, the motor car, along with whatever went with it. Motor cars go with highways, suburbs, housing, et cetera. With this information technology, I think we're in a very different scene, very different kinds of actors, because the principal actors are, as far as I'm concerned, the great tech companies, Google at the head of the list, Amazon and Facebook at all. Yes, Apple that led the way, but Google that has created new structures of power. Now we're talking about the known structures of power, which are the nations, and those are important, but we have new centers of power, like these tech companies whose principal asset is the information that we incidentally supply whenever and as we use the electronic data. Not only the Google, we ask Google information about all kinds of things, like how to find a way to go from here to there and so forth. But I think it is best described in this book that is very well-labeled surveillance capitalism, but it is not just the fact that they can have surveillance over us, they being the tech companies. And of course they can sell to advertisers, they can also share with governments that information. Privacy, but I'm not even thinking about that. I am thinking of the power which they have. And on the other side is the loss of power. The loss of power in the sense of what we use to think of as a strong labor movement have not disappeared, but they have been so reduced in power. And it is principally on account of the technological transformation. You talk about the outsourcing. The outsourcing would never have been possible without containerization, without the logistics of information technology that can reorganize industries to assemble things that are made in 17 different places. None of that would have been possible without information technology. So it's not only the direct replacement of labor by software or robots. So we're in a very different world and I think we have not contemplated the problem even properly. And I am addressing that particularly to social scientists of various kinds of economies, sociologists, psychologists and who. And incidentally it's not an accident that behavioral economics in economics have become so important because that is the area in which the Googles and the Silicon Valley are dominating and have the capacity to control. You know, in the old days we used to talk about a general strike in Vienna when I was there a long time ago. The electricity workers could shut down the place, shut down the electricity factory makers. Now who can shut down the whole place? Are the internet giants if they should so choose to do and incapacitate whole cities or selectively certain people or organizations within them? Goodness only knows why.


Hello everybody! This video will show you how to find a lost or stolen Android phone by using Android tools in Google account, as well as third-party applications. If you lose an Android phone, tablet, or Android Wear Watch, you will be able to locate the device, lock it, and erase all data from there. Dear friends, if you need to recover deleted data, use utilities by Hetman Software. Follow the link in the description to visit our website, download a utility for free and install it, then start disk analysis. When the process is over, it will show the files available for recovery, and you will be able to bring them back. Our blog features quick guides to solve all kinds of problems faced by Windows users. Our channeling blog offers solutions for any issues from installing the operating system to remote administration and connecting mobile devices. Our specialist will be glad to answer your questions in comments to videos and articles. To find the device, it should be turned on, it should be connected to a Google account, it should be online, and it should have GPS or targeting location functions enabled. There are three methods to find your device. 1. With the Google tool, find my device. To start it, use any browser to sign in your Google account and enter where is my phone in Google search. Follow one of the links www.google.com-android-find or android.com-find. I will leave them in the description. As a result, the find my device page will open automatically. Most likely, Google will ask you to sign in the system again to find your phone, so go to the corresponding window. A page will open where your device will be followed. This tool will show you when the phone was last connected to the Internet and where it is located now. This information will let you know where the device is. This tool has several extra options. There are play sound, lock and erase. The first one is good if you need to find your phone at home. When you turn it on, it will play a melody at full volume for several minutes. Two other functions are important when the phone was stolen or lost. To secure your data, you can click lock to enable a screen lock password if you didn't have it before. As soon as you enter the password, you will be able to send a message to your device, something like, thanks for finding my phone, please call this number below. Then enter the number for the people to contact you. Your device will be locked with the password you have entered, and this message will be shown in large font in the upper part of the screen, with a big button called owner below it. If someone finds your phone, they'll be able to contact you by calling this number. If there is little hope of finding your device, you can use the erase function. As a result, the phone will restart and erase all your data, images, music and other saved files. Here is the second method, using the find your phone function in your Google account. To do it, use any browser to go to google.com. Click on Google Apps and select My Account. In the Sign In and Security menu, find the section Find Your Phone and click on Get Started. If you are not signed in your Google account, do it. The list of devices linked to your account will open. Choose the one you need. Enter your account password again, and you will see the menu of locating your device. If you can't find the phone at home, click Ring. It will play the ringtone at full volume, even if it's in a quiet mode. Click Locate and you'll be redirected to the Find My Phone tool, which we have already examined. Watch recent events related to account security if you think the phone might have been stolen. Check if there are any suspicious events in the list of recent account security notices. From here, you can change your rule count, password and prevent it from being cracked. Lock the phone and enter a message for the lock screen, and give a phone number to contact you. You can also call your device with Hangouts. In order to make sure that nobody can gain access to your Google account, sign out on your lost phone. After that, you'll still be able to call the lost device, locate it, lock the phone or erase its data. If it's impossible to return the lost phone, erase all of its data. Now the third method, which makes use of the application Find My Device. If you don't have a computer at hand, but there is another Android phone or tablet, you can also use them to find a lost device. To do it, you will need to go to Play Market and install an official application by Google – Find My Device. You will find the link in the description. Install the app and run it. Sign in as a guest and enter your account details. As a result, you will see a search window which looks very much like the Google tool Find My Device. It's a map showing the location of your device, the name of its network and the time when it was last seen on the network. It also shows the function allowing to ring the lost device, lock it or erase it. That is all for now. Try not to lose your Android devices. And if they are stolen, always remember how to find them and protect your data. Hit the Like button and subscribe to Hetman Software channel. Thank you for watching. Good luck.