So, as some of you have learned that as of February 1st at midnight, Group Health Cooperative became Kaiser Permanente of Washington, and GHRI now has an even more complicated name of Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, so henceforth we will be known as that. So I'm going to talk about a project about building a family network. I'm a clinician at Group Health Cooperative, and I see the patients that are identified and emerge, and how Group Health has many intact families within its system, and how we can use these intact families to distribute information about genetic risk. So when I think about building a family network, I think about why we do this, and that is to provide information to family members who have risk for their own health care. People share in families for different reasons, but one of the big reasons is to get support. If you get diagnosed with a genetic condition, if you get diagnosed with breast cancer in a woman, you typically the first person you talk to is your sister, and the correlation of how you share genetic information is based sometimes on the severity of the disease. There are certainly barriers of sharing information, genetic information, including family dynamics, and then we have regulatory information, including HIPAA versus our duty to warn. So we published a little paper about our experience with three families from Emerge II who had incidental findings. Two of them turned out to be VUSs. One, the LDHR patient. We vetted this change, and because it was consistent with disease, we were concerned that it was part of what was going on with the patient. But in each of the families, you can see the pro-band is identified by the arrow and who we were able to test additionally in our cooperative because they were group health members and what impact that had on their health. The first family is an SCN 5A family, and while the pro-band and her two children did not have a significant phenotype, the grandson had had seizures when he was given medications for ADHD as a child, and as an adult when he was put on antidepressants, also got a seizure disorder and almost died when falling in the shower. He ultimately was found to have a significant cardiac rhythm abnormality and he's being considered for an implantable device. I don't know if his seizures were because of the arrhythmia. There are some literature that SCN 5A also is associated with seizures as some of the other SCN genes are, but those are the three families that kind of prompted this work. So we put in for a supplement, and we were awarded a supplement that has been entitled the family network approach to assessing the trickle-down effect of genetic testing. My group will no longer let me use trickle-down effect. They make me call it the family network. And it's being led by Nora Henriksen, who is a PhD at Group Health Research Institute now that long Kaiser Permanente name. And the specific aim of this project has been to explore the feasibility of health systems led identification and a communication with family members of the emerged participants. The patients that we're including in this study are only members of Group Health, Kaiser Permanente Washington, who are enrolled and emerge. These will be at Group Health, we're returning pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain, significant for colorectal genes, and negative results to the participants. So all of our participants who have consented will get some kind of result from us. And Group Health and Kaiser are integrated health care systems, whereas both insurers and health care providers, we want to try to identify people at risk so that we can appropriately monitor them and provide medical care. So to explore social, ethical, and legal feasibility, we are going to be conducting semi-structured interviews with approximately 20 e-merge participants before their results have been returned. We're going to cover topics like what they consider is the definition of their family. We want to ask them if they have a preferred role, if any, for Group Health Cooperative, for actionable, for sharing actionable results with likely affected family members who are also Group Health Kaiser Permanente members. We are asking them, do they want Group Health Kaiser Permanente providers to contact relatives directly with the pro bands consent and how they would feel about the electronic medical record being used to share information predominantly between providers. We're also asking them questions, you know, specific to pediatric cases. If you have, if you're identified to have a significant gene in adulthood, how would you like that information to be stored and how would you like that information to be provided for children who are at risk? We're using a couple hypothetical scenarios. We're using vignettes, one's a colorectal cancer vignette because the focus of our e-merge project, we have about 1,000 of our e-merge participants have colorectal cancer or polyposis. And we also wanted another condition that was an actionable gene that would span lifetime and so we picked Marfan syndrome. We will also collect contact information for relatives identified by each participant. We will attempt to identify relatives based on first name, last name, and date of birth provided by the e-merge participant. We will not access, we will not access relatives records, but we're just trying to see if we can build a family network based on the information a pro band has provided us. We're looking at the legal ramifications of this work. We're in contact with our legal consults within our own institution. We have talked to Bob Wilden about his process at NHGRI where he developed a family history tool. And Malia Fullerton who is here is assembling a team of legal experts from the e-merge sites to address issues including duty to warn versus HIPAA across the e-merge sites. Our other ongoing work is a family talk trial where we are trying to prove communication with patients who have a risk for colorectal cancer that's being headed by Deb Bowen. That's part of our e-merge three project. We are developing dot phrases so that when we see all of our e-merge patients in clinic, we're able to consistently draw on the information regarding family network and who else could be at risk and whether they are in group health. We're looking at what family networks have looked like for some of our other populations that we have been following consistently in genetic services. And there's a development of an e-merge-wide family network project being led by Janet Williams in the return of results group. So this is our e-merge group at University of Washington and Kaiser Washington and the group that's right involved in the supplement which is Nora, Gail, Malia, myself, and Erin Skrull. Thank you.


Okay, we might as well get started on a high note there So I'm Mike Ryan and I was the primary developer of the Contrib Migrate module you know and mostly love in D6 and D7 and We're going to talk today about Where we're going with my grade in eight what what does my grade in eight mean? What's done so far and how you can help us? Get the rest of what rest of the way there? So also on the panel today. We've got Ryan wheel we've got chicks and I never I can never And oh a late addition not on the slide be done friend and Mike and Ella So just a little thought Yeah Yes While you ponder that up just say I'm just going to go very quickly over What the status of my grade in eight is Main thing here is going to be the conversation. We're a core conversation. We're going to converse so Once we're done feel free to line up at the mic and We'll talk about where it's going where you'd like to see it going any questions you have and Some some of the acknowledgements the Just listed a few of the key committers here and I do want to point out that Actually, I I have not Contributed all that much code so far to the D8 effort mainly. I've been working on developing the simple upgrade UI so far chicks it's been the technical lead so far and Many other people have been contributing patches or contributing in other ways Want to call out Melissa Anderson even though she isn't here she did a great job doing project management as we Got started on the project So the basic idea here is that historically Upgrading between Drupal versions was done using the same update dot php used to Update minor versions. It's an update in pick in place and it as Drupal has become more complex that process has become more problematic and It became more and more difficult for a contract modules to keep up and It's in particular d6 to d7 Getting cck upgraded to Fields in core was a big problem. So It was proposed and finally accepted the that our approach going forward word would be a migration approach That is what we do is Rather than run an update process within your production site What you'll do is create an empty Drupal 8 site and migrate the data From your old site old Drupal site into your new Drupal 8 site so Core itself Drupal 8 core is going to support direct migration not not just from Drupal 7 but from Drupal 6 This is one of the advantages of the migration approach that we can leap over versions It's just a matter of manipulating data after all and that's easy And the framework that will be in core will also enable us to in contrib Import from other Drupal versions we'd be able to do side side imports d8 to d8 as you can do today with d7 to d7 And Drupal 5 and if anyone's really ambitious you can go back to 4.8 or whatever And Contrib modules under this new architecture instead of implementing update hooks they will implement migration configuration they'll ship with yaml files describing how To transform their data from their Drupal 6 Drupal 7 versions of the contrary module into the Drupal 8 version and More complex ones may need to go a step further and implement plugins Which I don't think if they're complex enough to need a plug-in for this migration their update hook Probably would have been pretty ugly anyway So Schedule-wise the the plan is that the underlying apis the the classes and base configuration for performing the migrations will ship with Drupal 8.0.0. I Have started working on the a very simple UI for doing Upgrades with no customization and so forth just a straight upgrade from Drupal 6 Drupal 7 that that is in a sandbox now and That right now it's going to be in a separate sandbox in Contrib and we'll when Drupal 8 is ready to go to our C release candidate The decision will be made whether or not the full the upgrade UI and the full migration framework is Ready to go into 8.00 if you saw the keynote today Dries talked a little about the semantic versioning We're going to be using for Drupal 8 which allows us to put off adding functionality, so it might not We could comfortably postpone it to 8.10 if we are not a hundred percent Sure of that upgrade path so the the pieces of The the whole puzzle there is a basic framework for migration that is part of core the migrate module and If you know the Drupal 7 migrate module, this is basically the the the base classes that you find in the includes file and migrate as well as destination plugins for core entities and new with Drupal 8 is destination plugins for configuration That that's one big plus over migrating Drupal 7. We will be migrating configuration such as content types and fields and so forth variables In addition to content Also in core there's the migrate Drupal module and this is the framework that is specific to pulling data in from a Another Drupal instance With the with the core migrate module you'll be able to pull in from Jive or WordPress or anything you can now This is the specific configurations and plugins that Understand what a Drupal 6 database looks like what a Drupal 7 database looks like So as I was mentioning migrate upgrade that is a very simple UI. It's basically prompts for the database credentials for your source site what your source site URL is so it can find the public files and a couple button clicks later you should have all your content in Drupal 8 and Migrate plus that's not that work hasn't yet started But it I think it is critical to the Drupal Ecosystem to have all the functionality we have now with the migrate module available as If not when 800 comes out as soon as possible afterwards and that's so the migrate plus will include all the parts of today's Migrate module that aren't going to be part of core it so it'll be the full UI Which includes the dashboard the field mapping editor and so forth. It'll be additional source plugins your XML and JSON and so forth CSV plugins and Hopefully we I expect that we will be able to take it quite a bit farther in Drupal 8 especially with the configuration API that we have in Drupal 8 that makes it a lot easier to build very flexible UIs So a lot of people who don't have the technical ability to do migration on their own now A lot of those people will be able to do it through the UI There'll be that much less coding necessary and A lot of migration development will be writing the ammo files rather than php code So where are we now we have the migrate module in core? We have the migrate Drupal module in core with the support for Drupal 6 sources and as I said, I'm the Migrate upgrade in my sandbox and as of about two hours ago I've got it working again with the latest core chasing core is so much fun With with one just one little glitch is that you need a core patch for files to migrate but other than that it migrated my site Yes, my my personal site is still Drupal 6 So what's left? Drupal 7 we did Drupal 6 first for a couple of reasons one is that There's a lot of anxiety in the community among people who are still in Drupal 6 I don't know how many of you are following the epic issue about continuing Drupal 6 support but we You know going Drupal 6 to Drupal 7 and Drupal 7 to Drupal 8 as you used to have to do is going to be extremely painful so we want to jump start that and The other thing is that Drupal 6 and Drupal 7 The the data structures are not that different and of course Drupal 6 is a little farther away from where Drupal 8 is now So the Drupal 7 migration should be basically a simplification of the Drupal 6 Migrate upgrade module. It's very bare bones now It needs a lot of testing in different use cases and we need to work out exactly how bare bones It's going to be how much information are we going to present whether we need to add any additional configuration for that process We have not yet mailed down What implementing the upgrade path for contra modules will be like for now You can look at the migrate Drupal module and see how it's doing it but we we need to Document that and start getting contra modules working with it and giving feedback on that process and the developer experience for developing those upgrades and The number one thing is testing there there's My my little simple blog type website is not as sufficient test there's You all have so many different Modules you've hacked your Drupal sites in so many different ways. We we need people to feed Feed everything they can through this and find all the holes that are left to fill and On that note, what can you do test? test test test and I think this is the point where Michael would like to talk a little about Sprinting sure. Thanks Is this yeah, that's okay, so Friday is our big sprint day obviously our community sprint and The focus for the migrating core team For Drupal con Austin the sprinting is the test sprint as Mike alluded to we're really focused on D6 to D8 migrations And a lot of that stuff works But at this point we really need to perform some focus testing to find out You know does every variation of a text area in D6 migrate cleanly into D8 I'm relatively new to the project Okay, there we go, so Something other than text areas then does that that'll be fixed in I guess 45 minutes or so But I'm relatively new to the project So I'm I'm very familiar with or it fresh in my mind the pain points and getting going from zero to a point To where you can test so we've actually written some documentation that you can get to if you that second bullet point the Click the start here link on the imp group on groups dot triple org There's a link that leads you to a page that basically describes Kind of in the big picture what you need to do if you want to help us test and I broke it up into kind of two Big things you can do number one is get your system ready Which is get a d8 clone get the latest version of drush installed get a fresh d6 site up and running I think there's an PHP 5.4 in order to run Drupal 8 once your system is ready at that point You know Find one of us find either you know Ryan or Brent or myself or find us You know in person up in the sprint room. I think sporadically between now and Friday one of us will probably be there Most times Friday for sure will all be there You can find us on pound Drupal migrate Pretty much anytime. There's a number of people who aren't here in Austin who are going to be helping as well But the idea is that we need people who you don't have to know PHP If you can get your system set up to run these migrations find one of us We will help kind of show you how to do it and there's a couple screencasts there to kind of walk you through at the first time But the idea is that we will kind of assign you something to test So obviously a lot of what we're what we're all focused on when we do migrations is did my nodes in my fields come over So in addition to CC, I'm sorry d6 core. We're also providing support for cck basic cck fields or cck core fields as well as the link field So we're testing all of that those things And one thing you didn't mention hopefully if everybody knows something that's different about Migrating core as opposed to different or previous upgrade paths is We are migrating not just content, but configuration as well So you don't have to set up your d8 site with your content types and your and your fields and do any mapping you can basically do a fresh install of d8 and migrate from your d6 site and You know the the goal is to migrate all of your vocabularies all of your terms all of your content types all of your fields all of your field configurations and Pretty much anything else that's in d6 core So I don't know how many migrations are there total right now. There's just about 90 or so Yeah, 90 different migrations one exception though that I got asked at a previous presentation, which is views Views is like configuration, but it's kind of like you might want to just re-implement those right? Yeah, it's not it's not there yet, or will it be there? We don't know so Good I'll add yeah one more note if you've never installed d8 and you do plan to attend the sprint on Friday There's a session in the morning from 9 to noon I believe and there will be volunteers with gold shirts. I'm told and we have Environments that are ready to go that you can download Using BT syncs so we don't have to use a lot of external bandwidth And those people will help you get set up so that you're familiar enough with onboarding to d8 that we can then transfer you over To a table where there's my great people so if you've never used d8 look for some volunteers and then proceed from there and One other thing was you need the latest drush and it needs to be like drush 7 dev So that involves installing composer as well. And so those Mentors will be able to help you get that stuff ready to go because at the moment we do need to use drush to do the migration Of course because this is going to be Drupal 8 It's a product that you're getting the migration path wheels will be 100% supported in the UI, but at the moment we still need drush so Before warned right so I think the only thing we didn't mention is Hopefully if you do plan on contributing and you want to stick with it We do weekly Google plus hangouts every Thursdays at 6 Eastern and I live on the East Coast so I can't calculate time zones because I guess I'm very East Coast centric Yeah, and that's it so the if you're interested in contributing put yourself in one of those two groups and those two last bullet points and Be there and we'll get you going and hopefully it'll be pretty smooth So thank you, and I apologize. I have to run out in a minute. So I apologize. I don't want to seem rude Yeah, a very important man. He's double booked One two more things that I would like to note one is that There is one configuration Very important configuration that we never get migrated. It is impossible to migrate and we never do it And it is your modules You need to enable your modules yourself If you think of it It's a it's a kind of a chicken egg problem, right? You have a contra module the only way that it could run its migrations if it is enabled, right? So for this reason module the module list is a configuration that is not migrated Unlike views which which could be migrated. It's just not it's just not written yet And and and I can't guarantee that it will be written anytime soon Maybe somebody will take the afford. It's a huge The other thing is just the second the other thing is that If you are on the other hand somewhat familiar with Drupal coding Doesn't really need to be Drupal 8 knowledge. We need people who take the results of the testing on Friday and Write automated tests out of them these tests are going to fail But once you have failing test fixing them is very easy. I tell you One more note is that I think maybe this was mentioned briefly earlier But there's a lot of things now that are in core that were not previously in core and like one example being a Lot of the multi-lingual support and there is plans to support all that stuff that was previously in contrib So we're actually grabbing a lot more data than we were previously So there's aspects that will need to be tested in the future as well And for any questions because we are recording Please line up at the mic and ask Well in just second besides this week sprinting this week going forward We will need help testing and Extending the migration system over the next several months so coders The all this migration work is under the migration system in the core issue queue Some of the stuff that's not quite ready to be Integrated into core like the Drupal 7 support that development is going on in the imp sin bot imp Sandbox and the simple UI in the migrate upgrade sandbox there links to those sandboxes from the GDO imp group and Again Go in there Whatever sites you have around sites you've abandoned Anything you've played around with give it a try and if you have any trouble Let us know drop drop an issue in the queue or Paint us in the Drupal migrate IRC channel. I will let me add I will say search to issue queue obviously It's a you know Because there are known issues. I mean like the link link fields I can tell you don't migrate yet from six to eight It's a known issue and there's an upstream patch. That's in core And there's an issue open for it and you know Mike mentioned the file fields, you know, don't migrate yet But there's a lot of little things like that that we know about but we're looking for a chx mentioned is our Mike You know, we're looking to find the holes that we don't know about yet One more patch I'd like to point out that if you set up your d6 instance on your local machine with different database credentials than your d8 Instance there's a patch for that So if you are stuck right at the start, please ask and we'll direct you to that Hey, thanks a lot for great module and So it is quite new to have my great dealing not just with content with with the configuration or the structure of the site and usually we take the opportunity to of the migration to do away with a crap that didn't work and And and just maybe figure out a better destination a better structure While preserving the content that is worthwhile So how separate are these two things in this migrate module? Yes, well Extremely separate one of the big advantages of the migrate system compared to the upgrade system. This is extremely loosely coupled You can Run basically each of these 80 something migrations separately if you want This is this was extremely important that is very easy to change them it is very easy to just run as few as you want Because What we wanted was exactly a scenario like this so that you actually have a very good Start a base it also gives you a good base There will be I suspect there will be very very few people who actually run every migration with the simply why because Very often that won't work for the cases you say, you know, you had the site you built it seven years ago Maybe you want to rebuild it now Yeah, the the migrate plus module in contrib will be your go-to when you want to customize your migration One additional thing that exists that was in D7 But I don't think was as often used as I suspect it will be in D8 is there's a hook that you can tap into that in D7 would affect your registration array and So you'll be able to affect some things that way without actually having to roll your own custom Like migration, you'll just you'll be able to affect some of the settings Thank you I'm hoping you can speak to two popular requests that I get Doing Drupal 7 migrations And if you expect this to continue to be a popular request in Drupal 8 since it's in core The first is migrate so cool Everyone wants to use it to consume everything so oh I have a CSV and I'm gonna consume it every day I'm gonna write a migrate now. Here's my XML. I want to consume it forget feeds that takes forever I'm gonna do migrate. So I want to know if that's Anticipated that that's gonna continue to be a thing and and if there's anything built around in anticipation of that and secondly related the system of record I Hear this a lot that You know would be really great. We're building a new site Would be so awesome if we could just keep migrating every week until we're done so system of record is Changing the destination. Are you anticipating that? Are you trying to put a stop to that? Well the system of record for those who don't know the Contrib migrate module has a concept of Defining a migration with a system of record being the destination that is you take rather than taking the source data as the definitive definition of your node or your user account and so forth and always overriding it completely the Destination system of record in theory allows you to say The Drupal side is the definitive data except for particular fields that you're going to overwrite and the The implementation of that in Drupal 7 Contrib is not very good. It's it's it's pretty shaky So We haven't addressed that yet. Have we no no it definitely needs to be rethought. It's it has its place, but We haven't figured out how to cleanly implement that so what Drupal 8 does At least friend it is But all your data is going to be entity so that's not a problem that it is Overriding only the fields that you specify in your configuration so This is already I feel that this is sold. I think this is actually sold it will just work. Yeah, it just works We need someone to test that Another note for testing that is probably a good segue from here is There the rollback functionality and things like that are not yet there So expect that you will have to re-migrate and when we're testing and you're like, okay, I've added a new node yeah reinstalled Drupal 8 and Then run it again. So keep that in mind We're not really doing iterative iterative migrations at the moment and I think some of that stuff is planned to be in the contrib modules if I Yeah, anything that's not in core will be in contra right right now. I Do a lot of drush SI Actually well that's Let me take the opportunity to take a risk here Well different formats yeah, that's definitely going to be in contra The context of that was though was not the fact that there are different formats, but that is a continuous migration, right? Yeah, and that that should continue to work in terms of you know when there's new content In your source that gets pulled in So Let me show you what I've got for the simple UI which is very very simple This is with Get pull of Drupal core from like three hours ago. So it might be broken if we pull again, but We'll see So we're starting here with an empty site no content Only the standard profile article basic page no fields and so forth So Like the traditional update dot php install dot php the path for the upgrades is at the top level And Oops, I didn't mean to click there note. It is not update dot php. It's just update. Oh In the eight they finally changed that Or are you I was just lost a few days ago when I was like where did the path to get to the migrations go? So it's just slash upgrade right So you get your database credential form. This is actually reusing the install form You know nice thing in Drupal 8 is that we've got an object-oriented form controller and The install system now implements a class that we can override for our purposes here. So Works just like when you install I'm going to install my oh, I should I suppose I should show you what I'm importing my My sites such as it is I've gone from posting about once every two years to posting about once a month. So I'm getting much better about it See that one is how many years old? All right, so credentials and The address of the site to find the public files and the the plug-in the file plug-in will use the domain and The public file directory Configuration from the Drupal 6 site to figure out where the actual files are and import them So it's really really simple two steps first. Let's import the configuration And so this will Get all your settings that are in variables It'll set up your content types your fields your vocabularies Yes, I do and they're the same credentials. So I'm not running into Ryan's problem there But they could be seven line in the body or in fields. Are they image fields or in line images in the body? Well, we're migrating the files from the files table the d6 files table to the file manage table we're pulling the physical files over and The image references just work awesome All right, so we got our config and You know, this is one of the things we want to get feedback From people is how much feedback do you need here? Temporarily we're using the watchdog To log what we've done and very minimally And one thing we know we need to say more than that It's not really useful and the reason for that here is that I don't have The profile module on the d6 site So what we really want here is to skip the user profile migration, but so far so good Let's do the content It doesn't usually stop there Okay, you know a couple missing files. I've never seen a Website of any size where there weren't files that were mysteriously missing when you went to migrate Do do do do I have a question for Mike? So without the drush, I mean the d7 version for drush Well, I'll let you run really long migrations without worrying about memory limits in the batch I think you recommended using it over the batch API Since we have to support the UI in eight Do is there a plan for? really long migrations or Well the it should the UI should work like it did in seven it should do You know break it up into Batches that fit into the you know php max execution time and if memory is running low it should Create a new batch And it's slow it will be as it is in d7 slower than running in drush But it should work regardless of how large the site is But if you got a big site you should be using drush and you and in in the d8 world you'll probably Want the migrate plus module which will give you a lot more tools for selectively running your migrations and so forth Huh, I'd Just a little bit slow this time Here we go Question does the d6 source site have to be upgraded to the latest a minor D6 version. Yes. Yes, and no I This is a complicated this is an extremely complicated question that doesn't have a simple answer How my great works you need to understand it runs Cuverries against your database tables If your database tables Have the same structure and in the case of configuration the same meaning then we are good so Which is entirely possible that you can get away with an order draw ball Because either there were no changes or the changes were in material to us You know, there are changes when a column gets longer Previously we had only 64 characters and now we have 128 That such a change is in material because we do not migrate date Table structures Maybe we added an index to make Drupal faster in material if we Audit a new variable and that's a worry about that we want to migrate Which happened in one of the seven minor versions if you remember that we split the field bundle variable Then you need to be there So the safest is always to go to the latest But we actually put in some effort to make people To let it people avoid it Because the whole point of the exercise is that we presume that people are stuck on sex So there is not a simple answer to this but in short Not always you are safest You can try you can try and most of the time you will succeed To follow up with that. Is there any issues for having a check Kind of run beforehand to look for those instances.  Is there any? Thing that or should someone post an issue that said hey, we shouldn't have that I would say just try it out like you're gonna you may have to re-migrate anyway So like keep in mind that you'll have to re-migrate possibly One thing that we do want to highlight with testing is that if you've previously upgraded the site So let's say you have a Drupal 6 site that used to be a Drupal 5 site or a Drupal 4 site There could be some data integrity issues from those past upgrades And those are the sites that are probably going to have the flakiest data structures if at all so If you have sites that you know were previously upgraded those would be really great candidates for testing in your own On your own environments and then posting bugs and explaining the history of the site if you suspect that it might be You know some oddities in your data structures That was a cool example Could you show the granular migrations because these are bundling everything in the both the structure on the content Could you show this the either the UI or in dress where you have broken down in in the individual items, please? We we can look at the logs that lists all the migrations that were run If you were to go into the migrate Drupal folder There is a config folder in there that has a list of all the migrations. So that's another route you could go Oh, we got a got a notice there Maybe we should do something about that But yeah, well, this of course this is in reverse order, but you can see the configurations Basically variables and upload to user profile, which of course failed And then the content you'd see we Had those two warnings files that no longer exist we but then we Overall the file migration succeeded text on me terms So you can see the granularity here and it is actually There there are a lot of migrations To get the reason I ask is because orders sometimes matter like you probably need to migrate first Vocabulary for the user the files of calories and then a content type or Yeah, there's a there's a dependency system. So then you have all that and and sometimes it's wonky like I mean you have the chicken and egg things and the stubs and everything worked out, but Sometimes it just I feel like I need to Select some are maybe the system has organized my migrations, but I know better Because it's not working and I need to either update a migration or do things like that Well, the the migrations are all defined in YAML files the D8 configuration like the the block migration here and The great thing about the D8 configuration System is you can override configuration So, you know, it won't be in core, but the migrate plus module will let you edit The configuration of your migration save it to your active migration and those override the defaults here So here's your dependencies So so you see that the required dependency means we can't run this one until that one runs The equivalent of the old hard dependency optional means we want it to come after it So that's the old soft dependency I'm actually that that's something we didn't talk about but it's you know all those ad field mapping calls You used to have to stick in your constructors and so forth now. It's all just YAML is just Write your source field in your destination field, let me see And that's an unusually complex example there, but okay destination field theme source field theme No, we didn't taste it you on the droop late side your Your met menu or your block label is going to come from your Drupal 6 title field boom It's a you know, this really lowers the barrier of entry for people developing migrations Compared to using a fluent api's and constructors Any more questions? All right. Thank you for your time


Hello, I am Mr. D. J. Doshi working as assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering while in the Institute of Technology, Solapur. At the end of this session, students will be able to perform different operations on lathe machine. Different operations which can be carried out on lathe machine are the grooving, parting, knurling, drilling, boring and threading. So, first one, grooving. It is the process of providing a narrow groove on the cylindrical surface of the workpiece. The shape of the tool is reproduced on the workpiece, so it is also known as form process or form turning. Now, in this process, the job is hold in a chuck which is mounted on the spindle. The job rotates along the axis of the spindle. It is supported from the front side by the dead center. Now, it is similar to the operation facing. In this tool, we will travel perpendicular to the axis of the lathe and it will generate the surface depending upon the shape of the tool, that is cutting shape of the tool. If the cutting shape is concave, the convex surface will be generated. If it is convex, the concave surface will be generated. If it is a flat one, it will be grooving with a right angle surface, that is parallel to the diameter of the shaft. Now, in this case, it is necessary to give slow speed to the workpiece and the tool, that is grooving tool called as or forming tool it is called as, it will be traveling perpendicular to the axis. Sometimes the chattering operations are observed or chattering symbols are observed on the diameter. So, it is necessary to make the tool move parallel to the axis also. So, depending upon the surface required, we will decide the tool. As I told, it will carry out forming also, that is concave convex surfaces as well as flat surfaces. The tool travel will be very slow because it will be chattering or it will be removing major length of the job depending upon the groove size and due to which sometimes vibrations are observed. So, finally, when we want finish surface at the end of completion of grooving, we will just remove slides, slide material from the diameter. So, this is called as grooving, the tool is also called as grooving tool and the operation is called as grooving or forming. This is parting, it is same as grooving, but in this case, we will be cutting the workpiece into two pieces. Now, it is the process of cutting a workpiece into two parts. The tool used is called same as parting operation or parting tool. So, here instead of maintaining the depth of the groove, we can, we will travel the tool till the axis so that the workpiece will be divided into three pieces, sorry two pieces. Now, in this case, the job is hold in a holding device or job holding device or workpiece holding device, it is depending upon the length of the workpiece, it may be supported from front side by dead center. If it is a length is small, then there is no necessity to hold it or support it from the front side. The tool will be similar to parting tool, but width will be less and will go on carrying out parting operation by giving feed to the tool perpendicular to the axis of the lathe till the workpiece is divided into two parts. So, it is similar to parting tool, parting operation, but of course, here there is no necessary to convert this parting tool into forming tool or form surface will not be generated on the cutting edge of the tool, only this will be flat surface and will go on carrying out it till the workpiece is divided into two parts. Third operation is called as knurling, it is the process of embossing a diamond shaped regular pattern on the surface of the workpiece using a tool called as knurling tool. It is not a metal cutting process, but squeezing of metal takes place during this process. And in this case also the rpm of the spindle or the circular motion of the workpiece will be less, because it is not removing the metal, it is squeezing the metal. So, it needs very slow speed and the tool which is called knurling tool on which diamond surfaces are produced to carry out the similar surface on the workpiece. So, in this case workpiece will be rotating along its own axis. Whether it is necessary to support from front side by dead center and the tool is actually pressed perpendicular to the axis on the workpiece. So, it will start generating the diamond knurling or diamond surface on the shaft and the tool will rotate along its own axis. If you observe this tool here, this is the tool. So, this tool diamond tool or knurling tool will be rotating along its own axis when it is pressed or it is feed is applied or depth of cut is applied here, it will start rotating along its own axis and it will generate similar surface on the workpiece. Here the simultaneous movement that is here the feed will be given horizontally or parallel to the axis depending upon the length of knurling surface required. So, suppose this has a 10 mm width and this has the knurling surface required is 30 mm length. It will be slide with the help of carriage parallel to the axis and depth of cut will be given with the help of cross slide and the diamond generated surface will be there. So, it is used for appianus good then this knurling knurling surface will give you grip for working. Now, usually tap wrenches, pipe wrenches and wherever we need grip to this surface. So, here if you hold there will be more grip than this flat surface or finish surface. So, the knurling is provided for looking appianus good for giving the gripping area more and this appianus also will be good. So, this question in which process metal squeezing takes place? I hope you might have written the answer. The answer of this question is knurling next is drilling operation. So, the limitation of drilling on lathe is that we can drill only along the axis of the work piece or along the axis of the lathe. So, we cannot generate hole other than the axis. So, it is the process of producing cylindrical hole in the work piece in this case the job is hold in a work holding devices the drill or tool of the drilling is hold in the spindle of tear stock. The tear stock is taken nearer to the work piece surface and it is clamped then by rotating the hand wheel the spindle will move along the towards the head stock and it will generate the drill hold in the spindle will generate the hole of the required size. If larger size hole is required we will go on changing the drill bit or the tool of drilling and we will go on increasing the aperture size or hole size. So, here the coolant is required and the speed will be depending upon the size of hole to be generated boring it is a process of enlarging the already existing hole in the work piece. So, this is similar to the turning operation here also the tool travel will be along the axis or parallel to the axis, but it will be inside the work piece it is not on the work piece. So, this is boring operation here the tool this is the tool which travels parallel to the axis again this depth of cut or depth of work aperture generated will be measured and accordingly it will be boring operation step boring operation. So, but for carrying out boring it is necessary to generate a hole at the center with the help of drilling. So, initially the drilling operation will be carried out and then with the help of boring tool it will be boring will be carried out if it is a depth control bore then you have to go on measuring the depth of the bore as well as diameter of the bore. If it is through drilling that is throughout the component or throughout the work piece drilling is there then this tool will travel till the end of the work piece. So, in this case no necessary to apply the dead stock dead center from here. Thread cutting it is the process of producing a helical groove of V or square shape on a cylindrical surface. In this case the tool will travel parallel to the axis, but as I told these distance that is distance between two threads that will be the travel of the tool for one rpm of the work piece. So, work piece is hold in a check and a particular gear train this is change gears. So, this gear train is so adjusted that for one rpm or one revolution of the component the tool will be travel by the distance between two threads. In this case dead center is required to support the component the job will be rotating very slowly the gear train will decide the speed of the feed travel or feed. The depth of cut we will go on increasing the depth of cut in this case half knot is used which will be engaging these are the half knot which will be engaged with the lead screw which will decide the tool travel. So, thread cutting tool will travel in such a way that for one revolution of the work piece it will travel by distance between two thread and the repeated operations or repeated cycles will be deciding the depth of the thread. So, depending upon the depth of the thread will repeat the cycles and the threading operation will be carried out. So, here we are engaging the half knot whereas, in other cases we will never engage the half knot. For this I used BL single a textbook of basic mechanical engineering Techmax publication. Thank you.


All right. For our beginning, we have two sessions coming up. And one of them you can already see a cheat or a treat the making of legal practitioners. I'm going to turn it down. We'll be here presenting for the partnership today. And then we are looking at XR and biology and Brad will be here presenting for his team today. So I'm going to immediately turn the floor over. My colleague. My colleague take the floor. Yeah. Oh my goodness. Good. Good. Actually had food. So my collaborator couldn't be here. Can you hear me loud and clear online? I don't know. Hopefully they'll hear. So it's actually a collaboration I've done with a lecturer law lecturer at Essex University and also we do some other collaborations on with migration and all sorts of other law things. So a cheat or a treat. It's actually a presentation around the use of tragedy, which have been the talk of the, yeah, among higher education and which probably will be the talk of the next few years because people are scared or very happy about it. A bit of mix of feelings around there. And you do also some collaborative work right with meds medical team. Right. Yeah. So here you go some collaboration work. So I'll actually be talking you through for you to understand the Russian is behind the work. I'll talk through a scenario with you. A typical scenario that gets taught in a law first year module. And then I'm going to tell you some of our primary findings. And it's, it's taking a teaching and learning approach so it's not just technology we didn't go and investigate but we used it in a learning and teaching context. And then I'll discuss briefly the problem based law assessment paradigm shift. So, actually, in law assessments there are, oh, I can be here I can see the slides here. In law assessment there are two types of problem that usually we ask students to respond to reply in their assessment it's a problem based question. So we tell them an issue so you know if well hopefully none of you have had to go to a lawyer.  So you're basically going to go with a problem. Okay, you want to purchase a land. Okay, and then you tell them and what you would like to do is you would like to be given good advice right, not just someone who's run something for charge PD and told you something. So that's basically what we ask, we usually ask law students to do, give them a real life problem, real life scenario like some of you in UK in other European countries as well you probably have this policy where you buy something and then you have 15 days to return it. So there's a lot of law that goes behind that.  And you need the person who's giving you the response to know what response they are giving you whether that's correct. And there's also it's a type which is like, I don't know, please tell me about how a contract is formed. Please tell me about how VLE is used please tell me about something you know very generally, a bit theory you can just copy paste from a book literary and put some nice references so that nobody says you plagiarized it. Now, Iraq is something that we use, and that we expect all law students to know, we tell them a problem that is the issue. Oh, there's like a gap in that screen there I hope you can still see. And then there is a rule that the students need to follow. They need to make an analysis of your problem. And then they need to make a conclusion. And for the conclusion they obviously need to check law statutes and all the previous you know common law in UK and all and then tell you according to this law this law this law. This is what I conclude and this is what you can do or cannot. And then there are five elements now of a law of to follow in a contract law so the module I'm going to I'm going to specifically talk about is a problem based contract law module. So there are five things they need to do will look at which is an offer and acceptance, a consideration and intention and capacity. Now the example that I gave you earlier if you're purchasing your house. I picked two people, you two.  So you go, and you say Eileen I want to buy this house. Okay.  She comes and says Eileen I'm giving you 10,000 pounds extra. No dollars. She lives in the US. Okay, $100,000 extra, and I want to buy you a house. Eileen say of course $100,000 I'm going to take that and I'm selling to you. Now you need to resolve that because that's a big issue. He'll go to the court and drag Eileen. So this is a problem, a typical problem that we actually give to students in law, and we also give things like, for example, okay, if a 13 year old goes and buy a cigarette with mom's and dad's card. If they are quite tall, nobody sometimes asks for ID. And then if they want to, okay. Not necessarily cigarettes, let's take something very pricey. I don't know. Something pricey, luxury, a big watch or whatever something like that. And then they want to return it because mom and dad said you were not allowed to do that. That's also a problem and you need to know how to resolve it. I suspect the students to obviously use statutes and arguments and then engage with a scenario. Okay. Now our research questions. What were the assumptions that we took that we, you know, had we had to obviously, you know, this essay type problem type problem based law assessment, and then what's the impact, because we were looking about it from a teaching and learning perspective, and then gender biases. The reason why I've, I've particularly said gender biases here, I'll go for it later on. And then the impact on academic benchmarking, you know, when we grade, we've got a table that we have to follow grading criteria, right. We can't escape that and then what will be the cheat or treat thing of making legal practitioners. It's a typical scenario. I've done some little graphics for you to understand it because the text can be lengthy and takes time to read. Now, this is apparently a pointer. I don't know if you can see there but I'm pointing. You obviously will not see there. So this scenario one little businessman guy here Philip, he contacts Margaret, who's a who rents services context Margaret who's the sales director at and says, Okay, I want to purchase your services. What's all your offers trial trial. Okay, Margaret is a sales director now, Margaret goes back. The little arrow is going to cost you 3000 pounds, and it's going to be installation staff training, plus the staff training and the price, you know what it's valid only for one week. Now Philip actually was looking for in the scenario was looking for a software. To do some accounting see and stuff like this. Now, at the same time, Philip goes back to his computer. Okay, he's multitasking. And he receives an email from cost plus so cost plus we don't know who was sitting there somewhere and send an email to Philip. And since they email email advert, you know, marketing, typical marketing. Here we are offering these services will cost you not more than 2500 pounds. Now immediately Philip says 2000 500 3000 I'm going to go for the 2000 500. So Philip goes for the 2000 500 calls cost plus calls and make an order. And then he realizes what they're telling me that the installation cost is going to exceed 4000 pounds now.  That's typically some of the scenarios you probably have come across but you know more miniature thing. You make a decision and then you change your decision rate. And then what happened is, oops, Philip panics and cancels the order. Now next day. What you would see here is next day Philip grew in size on my slide became a bit taller, much taller than me. Now Philips now I don't know what happened he had a dream I think he calls tech Mac. He says, you know what I, well he actually didn't didn't get anybody. He goes to the answer answering machine. He says I'm accepting the offer that Margaret made last year, last day 3000. And please can you tell me if there is also on site training for new stuff and for the next six months. Now going back to your example of buying and selling a house. Sometimes you'll probably go and say I'm buying this house and then you'll go back to your notary or solicitor whatever and say, is there school nearby by the way. You know you've already kind of say you're interested in that and then oh you have other questions that you keep answering. Now this usually typically things like this we call that a counter offer. Now, again, Philip, I don't know what's wrong with him, but he likes to panic. Okay, he panics again. He calls, but this time he couldn't reach Margaret. He reaches the secretary. Okay. And the secretary said, okay, I've taken note that you want to cancel the offer and the earlier messages, obviously the security had not listened to them. He said I'm passing on your earlier message to Margaret the CS director. Now the reason why I have actually explained this taken time to explain this is this is a problem. It's actually not so complex that we give to law students. And in real life, when we want them to become a lawyer, solicitor, not real whatever legal advisor, immigration advisor or whatever. When you go to these people you want them to tell you things that will work for you solutions not go to charge you pretty and say hey, by the way, how can I resolve that right. So, now the question that goes to the students is, please advise Philip, whether he's concluded a contract with any of the two companies. Now this is our grading scheme I'm not going to go through it is the typical thing like all you other students have got to identify legal references have got to identify the problem have got to understand the problem have got to reference the right statute, the laws and applied and follow the Iraq I or AC that I had in an earlier style slide, the structure and then language now I've got referencing in red, and I'll tell you why. That's usually the by the way the grading that we use okay. Two things we had to do is one we had to put that scenario into charge to be the, and then we had to modify it and try to see also what else modify the question slightly. Now our primary findings was, when we send that when we put into charge to be the question, as it is, as it's presented to students charge to be did say in the beginning that okay I'm not a lawyer. You still need to kind of consult a legal legal professional, and that's what you should do. And technically even I'll actually go for that later on my slide and then charge to be the though did not know what is Iraq. Because in the question. There was nowhere where we asked the students please follow Iraq, because we expect them to know they should do it. Like how we expect you to know I don't know you've somebody had just gone to the toilet with just expect the person you know they need to wash their hand and do you know flush the toilet all these things like this right you don't tell them. So we expect the law students to know what they should do, obviously charge to be did you didn't know that, right, because it's just taking from the pool of information is got from the Internet, just making sense of the wordings the words that we've given it and we never said Iraq there. And then charge to be the also could not identify the valid parts of a contract which I had earlier on a slide which is around consideration acceptance often all these things did not reference even a single relevant statute. We don't engage at all with the content with the context problem. Use contraction like you know, sometimes you know people will say isn't is it of is not. This is not something we expect students by the way to use in legal. When you're writing you wouldn't be using these things, it's out, whatever I would you would write I would not I have to stop tea and things like this. And also, basically we've used the marking grade table. That was a full fail for these scenarios and the times that we've repeated this a fail as in a strength almost 200. Okay, that's not terrible. Going back to our research questions now. So instructions, what we found is basically what what I did then was add some more instruction, saying, please, could you follow Iraq, okay, and then at some point in time I also had to add further question further inference to say, follow Iraq and also please use relevant statute and laws and things like that. Now, the second research question, which was, we saw that chargeability now. Okay, it did a bit better because we were telling it, we were giving in more guidance, what to do, because well it doesn't have a mind of its own as such to know what was taught and what is expected of it. But there was still minimal engagement with the context, and it was still a fail. I failed this time, a 30 out of 100 and still no reference to law. Now what you don't want to do is to go to a lawyer who doesn't know the laws. Okay. Now, the reason why I put earlier, if you have seen Philip was a guy, Margaret was a lady, the secretary was a lady, cost plus, just say gray guy, no gender because it was not specified. Now that's a reason why in law, we often have issues which is if a guy or a man or a woman goes to, we know that the gender bias and pretty much everything right. And even if we look at, I think on the next slide, I've got it. So what I don't later on is, I swap Philip for Alex agenda neutral name. Now we, you probably heard about this that chargeability gets confused with gender neutral names and he's saying that nurses or women and things like this. So, this is actually coming from an, from a previous scenario previous assessment that was given to students where agenda neutral name was used and although it was she she she she she everywhere, students were just saying he he he he he everywhere. And when you look at their conclusion, you can see gender bias. Now, this is actually an example that I got off the off Twitter, which was the paralegal married the attorney because she was pregnant. And then chargeability came with this brilliant idea that, okay, pregnant before pregnant there was the previous one is that Tony but it was still saying paralegal. So it got a bit confused, because they are Tony had to be a guy according to chargeability paralegals. The woman and then it was anyway just arguing and correction and then it was like, oh, how have interpretation does not make logical sense because pregnancy cannot be cannot be for men. You've seen probably there's right on social media. Now, one example that you would probably be more familiar is is to famous people here. We know what happened. Okay, there was a UK and a US case, a UK case where John was a wife beta. His case was just in front of the judge only and he lost. And then he had a fair trial in us. And he was found to be a domestic abuse victim.  And I wanted to give these example is obviously genderbasses have we do this even I'm not even talking of AI here. We people do that as well. And of course we could expect. It's obviously AI would do that chargeability would do that. There was a review on the abstract which was why did I only consider gender bias and not the other ism which is not racism, not disability or something like this. That's because the assessment questions that we were using at the like this year actually had a gender bias issue. We didn't have any example that had a bias around any other. That's why we just focus on that at the moment, as I said it's preliminary search and would like to see how this goes as well. Now problem, the paradigm shift. One thing we've found is obviously there's a C type which is please just go when regurgitate everything you know from the book. Okay, which is easy for chargeability to do actually. And then the problem based thing which is more life, real life scenario type. Okay. And we need to obviously be mindful of using an encouraging AI in education, because it's not. I think you guys are saying it's not you know these, we can be talking of technology, but it's not that technology is the ideal solution in every scenario. And then we need to also be mindful of how senior management and force technology. I think you've heard it from those students earlier before and there was another another session earlier from Peter Brian and all. I did tweet about it that you should watch the recording if you haven't. And you should be mindful also of how educational technologies and force technology.  Was anyone listening to what is needed or were we just enforcing technology because we should, we think we should.  Guess what we're going to actually generate a situation where we'll have graduates who actually don't know the law. And then we'll see the results afterwards. When you'll go to buy a house. You you're losing the house then you know she's going to win because she offered 100,000 dollars more. Okay. And we should also be very careful of not setting precedence now why setting precedence we have common law in the UK. So if precedence is a big deal, we still leave and abide by laws that were made, even in trading and commerce every day which we made hundreds of years ago. Okay. And how am I on time I mean, see you're looking at the. I mean how am I on time. Oh, okay. Monday. I could have still stayed in bed to for a career by whatever you want to go into laws or work as a learning technologies into I don't know, business and law, or start to do around that there's still scope for that because AI is not going to make this disappear teaching and grading law I can tell you.  When you read because a lot of people read information off the net, which very often can be misleading. I have two example here on this slide which is. Chargivity but please U.S. law exam. Yay. Actually, I've had some people, you know I've had people teaching law who are like, Oh, but how about this, you know, judge a bit he can do that now. And then like, did you go and read the research paper. Okay, what says here. In bold it says, uh, chargeability often the bot struggle to spot issues when given an open-ended prompt, a core skill of law school exams. Okay. But you know there was a title which was like chargeability bot clears US law exam and people started to get panic. And then the other example is chargeability passes law school exams despite mediocre performance. It seems that the bolding do not quite appear or not very distinct. So anyway, so the first line is chargeability cannot yet outscore more students on exam, but it egg out a passing rate. You know the grade I was telling 2030 all probably could get is 14 out of 100 now. And chargeability average is a C plus performance fell below the humans B plus average. Alone, chargeability would be a mediocre law student. Now the word that's important here is alone. So if a student goes and uses chargeability, that will still be pretty much a close to a fail or a close to passing, you know, 41 kind of thing.  Now I have three other examples on this slide, which is media misinformation in law application. Now this was actually at Allen and Overy, they use, they use a software so chatbot call Harvey. Now in legal practice, in legal practice, you can't have just anybody give legal advice. It's actually not allowed by law in some sectors, like I do some work around immigration and I'm not allowed to give advice. Okay, because I'm not a registered advisor, as simple as that. So however, what it says is Harvey, the chatbot needs to be supervised by license legal professional. Now it's important now, you know that license is important, not just a legal practitioner, but the person has got to be licensed as well. And then there was another, there's an example. So Judge Galsha, who's from the first circuit court in Colombia, you've got different levels of court in America. So, and he actually used Chargipiti, but what he used Chargipiti for, it was in a court judgment was only basically you'll see the example he used was actually to check if, where is it written, so whether mine is diagnosed with autism or exempt from paying for therapies. So this is a type of question, which is yes, no. It's not something that we expect the students, well, the judge or anybody to give a lengthy, a say type response with logics, things like this. It just basically would look from Google, from its search engine and different texts of the net. Yes or no, kind of whatever is from the net already. And there's another article that says AI is actually in no way replacing the decision of the judge. Okay. What it did here in this case is the judge basically just check if mine is, it was a yes or no answer. It was not expecting more than that. Okay. And actually he likened so white who wrote that he likened to the work done by Chargipiti to that of a legal secretary. Now that's a huge, huge, huge difference because a legal, a legal secretary is not a legal advisor. That's actually, I've also given you some example of the earlier text that I was saying about about Chargipiti clearing exam. Okay. So this is actually a question that you will see it's scenario base, but it's still a multiple choice. So you've got a man was sued, railroad, personal injury suffered. Typical thing that you may hear from life, right? The third, how do you do that? Okay. And then you've got ABCD. That's it. You're not expecting in this question for a huge answer, huge logical, you know, response and things like this. So that was actually the type of question that was used for the bar exam, for Chargipiti on the, on that model bar exam. And that actually, now these are actually elements taught contract evidence, things like this, these are actually some of the elements that you expect someone who is going to clear bar exam to know. And the module that I was telling you the example of Philip and all Margaret and all actually is a contract is in contract. And you would see that there were 25 question of each type. And what it did was it was very interesting actually. So it did well in torts and civil procedure, but it kind of didn't go well, do well in constitutional law, real property contracts and criminal law. And the reason being, I mean, criminal law, if you've heard like a murder case, sometimes that's why there are lots of detectives sometimes working in a case because things can be so difficult to figure out. And contracts, real property and things like this, these are actually real scenarios. You're very, very complex to resolve. And you need deep understanding. And here, sorry, I'll leave the slides as well later on that you can check these details, but these are actually the research. So the title of media is saying, yeah, chargeivity is clearing bar exam, but we need to look at what type of bar exam, what type of question was fed to it. And some of my initial notes, like I was actually looking into, okay, maybe should I look for other things other than chargeivity? Should I try other, you know, but then I drop that, because I've kind of already come to a conclusion based on what I've done is, yeah, as I've put in the slide, there's still a lot of opportunities out there. You can still have a career pivot if you want and go into working into that. And I would like to also keep analyzing other modules as well as you saw earlier in the earlier slide, there were like tours, there were criminal law, there are other things. I would like to see how it goes, because media keeps telling us that chargeivity is going to put people out of work. Is it? And then I would like to also engage the students into understanding, because from observation, we know students have used chargeivity in the assessment. We know it. But you know, if you put it for turn in it, you don't get anything, right? So that's the end and I've put lots of reading. And I've also put two pieces of blog that I wrote. I'm very US in terms of law. That's actually two pieces of work around gender equity in the US law system, which also kind of explains why chargeivity is very biased against a particular agenda. So end of the presentation. Question time. Am I taking question now or later? Yeah, question. Sorry. Sorry. This you're supposed to speak in the mic. What is your institution's advice to undergraduate students on the use of chatty GPT when they're doing these modules then? That's yeah, okay. The last bit that you added, that's the answer. Because institutional advice in general, that's why I was saying we need to know where we're enforcing it. That's why now I want to go and look at other modules as well, because you cannot give a generic thing because there are modules like if I go to the earlier slide, this one, right? So there was there was civil procedure and taught that it did fairly well. Okay. Obviously these are modules at year one and then there's module at year two, there's module at year three, there's module at master level. So we should be very careful. That's also why I was saying we should not just set precedence. We should be careful also because each university teach different syllabuses. You have one more question. And this you personally then, do you advocate the use of chatty GPT as an example of these modules? Are you telling students that it's a good thing to use in specific situations then? Or would you just, would you take a step back and say, ignore it? Do you find it useful for students, I suppose, if it's, if some things are good, but something's not so good, if it's the waste of their time to be. In this one, I would say no. If you were doing a history module, like please tell me, like when I was doing my life in the UK thing, there's something chatty GPT could tell me about the history of royal family or whatever. Okay. But if I want to not create problem later on for my kids and generation after when they'll go and buy the, buy the house and I'll use the house because of your 100,000 more money, I will not create the problem now. There are modules and there are specific type of assessment. So I said type of assessment, they can use it. Okay. But if they are going to rely on chargeability for problem-based assessment, we all, the society is going to be in a big problem because law runs our everyday life in some, in some way. So you had a question? Question for the break. Yeah. Move on to the next Okay. But I'll give you. So keep, take your question, mate.