Tarzan of the apes brought to you from out the pages of Edgar Rice borrows adventurous book. James calls for help when the shattering crash of the revolver shot carries a Tarzan and Clayton standing face-to-face in the jungle. King! Tarzan seizes Clayton and swings him to his shoulders. Clayton struggles futile and then stops. Surely this man who has rescued him from the leopard can mean him no harm? Tarzan swings into the lower branches of a great tree. He grips the trailing vine and in spite of his double burden swings into the lower terrace of the forest. Up! Up! He goes into the bending, swaying branches of the higher terrace. His sure eye and practiced hand carry them with incredible speed through the maze of interwoven vines and branches. Faster and faster they speed toward the hut. Now the foliage is less dense. Tarzan's penetrating bee-seed-saber counts, ready to hurl her bulk at the frail lattice window of the hut. She swings! The light bars here under her hurtling weep. Tarzan knows the lattice will not withstand many such shocks. He leaps into space, grips the sturdy vine. A dizzy flashing arc. He lets go, grips the lower branch. It bends. Again, he lets go. Down! Down! He drops. He disappears into a deep well of tree-firing and bamboo. Spinning, swinging downward from branch to vine, he plunges towards the jungle floor. Tarzan's feet touch the ground. Clayton flies back. Together they race toward the hut clearing near the meeting ground with lightning speed. Say, boy, leave! The last bar snaps. The great yellow head and four boards run inside the hut. Tarzan comes to the last few feet with a flying leaf. He sees his say, boy, by the tail. Twist! Sleeves his body back. He grates against the hut. Whee! With all his might he freaks. He's the great and fastest man of time to help. The right alley is humble! Anymore! Tarzan stops the tree-firing and throws it towards the poison tower in December. The angels will pass up to sell to each man's orders. Sabers clawing, fighting to pour their way into the window. With a smile of rage, she lets go, her clutch on the tail. The twist! And pounce upon the enemy behind her. Tarzan lets go! With the speed of a striking cobra, he launches himself full on the infuriated beast. Back!  He takes his feet into the sabers' loins. Tarzan bites up swell. Back! Back! Each by each, he pulls the funny twisting head. He pulls himself on the side. Trashing! Carrying! He's been working towards barely misclicking the leaves of the eyes. Prince Philander breaks through the brush-water in the jungle. One glance through the door is in spite of his remark. When he starts to run towards them, they walk through his forehead. A snapping, swollen jaw straightens the arm of the eely muscle about his throat. Tarzan tries to get his knife. They walk free for peace. He leaves into the air. Farther than harder, Tarzan pulls the slicing head. Now he has his knife. Back! Back! He pulls the sabers' staining neck. The knife might have got down! Again and again the grieving grave rises and falls, plunges deep into sabers' unprotected stride. Slowly, the lioness crumples to the ground. Tarzan leaps aside, takes his foot on sabers' neck, raises his face to the sky to recive the bull-ape that has made his kill. Echoes and re-echoes through the jungle. Tarzan glances once at Clayton, reaches for a low-hanging branch, and swings himself into the trees. Jane! Jane, are you all right? Oh, my sugar! Oh, Jane! Oh, my darling! Oh, my darling! I was looking for you! I heard the call! I heard the call! Now! Now! Wait a minute. Just a second. One minute at a time, please. I heard a sound. I knocked up a little turn. And when I went to the door, there was a door. Then came a terrible scratching. Then it stopped. For the moment, I thought it had gone away. The next thing I knew, it's that your eyes were glaring at me from the window. Oh, for hours it came as though I couldn't move. Then I remembered the revolver. I shot him! Yes, Jane. We heard the shot. You had came from the hut and... Well, you know the rest. Well, it was an amazing exhibition I had ever witnessed. Till then, was I all right, precisely at the moment when the, uh, the, uh, the Pilgrim person leapt upon the back of the rifle. Such... such... such a... Howl in the jail case! He saved me only a few moments before I heard Jane's shot. I was attacked by a leopard. But just as the beast was about to... Do you think that he's Tarzan of the Eighth? Tarzan of the Eighth? Oh, no. No, I don't believe it can be. Cecil's thought to him that he doesn't speak English. Tarzan can read and write English, we know, because of the warning he sent to the door of the hut. But Cecil, this man did speak to you in some strange time. Ah! You say he spoke to Cecil? Yes. He shouted something to me while he was fighting with the lion. Exactly. It proved beyond the shadow of a doubt that she, as I have never doubted, has had contact with other human. Now, Clinton, what sort of sound did she shout to you? Well, I... it... By Jove, I'm dashed if I can remember. Did he make any such sound as that, or perhaps that? No. Oh, I remember no such sound. Why? So Richard Paddock has worked out 320 primitive roots from which all Aryan language is derived. The... now, the sound that... La... la... the dropping of the tongue and pressing of the tongue against the teeth signifies La to lift. I thought perhaps if he lifted you or wished to lift something, he might have said La. No. I'm sure there was no such sound. She did shout something as near as I can recall, which sounded like power or a bond. There was no L sound? You're quite sure, of course. Professor, in the excitement, I could not really qualify as a scientific observer. No, of course not. Of course not. As still, I wish you had been able to retain some definite syllabic context, perhaps a L sound. Well, still, Daddy, it's evident the man has some sort of rational language, even if he could not convey his false assessor. Well, no doubt of it, Jane, no doubt of it. As a mere fact that Clinton recognized the shout as some attempt to convey information or direction... I thought exactly. Then the fact would show that the man is social, tribal. Well, when it's getting thankfully cold out here, let's go inside the hut. And, Cecil... Yes, Jane? I thought before any of us tries to sleep here, I see the experience we've just had. We ought to get some sort of that window garden, some sort of way that will prevent anything like this happening again. I thoroughly agree. And tonight it will be fixed. Well, thank you, Cecil. Come, give me your hand, Professor. Let's move this car just away from the hut. Yes, perhaps we might as well, there. Bless me, sir. We do tell off even budget. Yet a man who killed it held it with one arm. That's pounding. Don't bother moving that. We're gone in the morning. The jackals are not. Oh, yes, of course. How silly of me. Captain Philander, it was unnatural. If I may be permitted to express my most natural thought. Yes, of course. I realize that Jane has been through a harrowing experience and so on, but do you suppose perhaps we might? We might, well, in short, are we to have dinner? Really, Philander? That is quite a good suggestion. Now that you've booked the subject, I feel that I myself could do with something to justify the inner man. I really hate to say anything to Jane. It is rather, isn't it? However, it will take her mind off the excitement. Yes, I feel we should do so in some manner. Then with your approval, Professor, let us enter the hut. Very well. Jane, Jane, my dear. Jane, my love, could you prepare an exclamation? In other words, something you eat? The light from the cabin streams across the clearing, cutting the jungle into strips of black and silver. Animal trails, mere breaks in the brush by bay, now loom like yawning caverns in their empty blackness. From afar off, the harsh rafting laugh of a hyena tells that the scavenger of the jungle has found some undemoured kill. One by one, the stars pierce the sable sky. The young moon, slender as a silver thread, glints through the sparse tops of the algebras. Sleepy monkeys open and close their eyes as Tarzan leisurely brushes his way through the branches towards the hut. Just as the ape, which for sheer joy of living, swings by the hour from branch to branch, so Tarzan, head and rested, drops to the light-blooded clearing at the hut. Cautiously, he approaches the window, looks inside, with quickened points entranced. He watches the white sheen he had rescued earlier in the day, seated at the table, his table. He longs to speak to her, but dares not, convinced that like the men, she will not understand him. Jane Porter finishes the letter she's been writing to her friend, rises and puts out the light. Patiently, Tarzan waits until his keen ears tell him that all movement within the hut has ceased for the night. Quietly, he moves closer to the window. He hears the deep, regular breathing which denotes sleep. Slowly, carefully, he passes his hand through the broken lattice, takes the letter from the table. Quietly, he moves back, folds the paper, places it in his quiver with his arrows, and melts into the jungle shadows while the hyena leaps forward to the dead body of fate.


of the ranchos April 4th, 1845 Engle were traded for two barrels of brandy November 16th, 1860 Scotch Nobleman buys ranchos in a nellow May 23rd, 1941 Celebrity is the wrong opener at Hollywood Park The title insurance and trust company of Los Angeles presents the romance of the ranchos dramatizing the thrilling adventure which signalized the growth of Southern California from the days of the dawns to the present Each week our wandering Vakero Frank Graham uncovers another tale of the early days of the Southland recreated from the pages of history Business of the title insurance and trust company to know the facts about land ownership in Southern California and believe me, that means a lot of facts to know when you consider that the early day ranchos comprising what is now Los Angeles County have been split up into more than a million and a half separate parcels of assessed real estate That means thousands and thousands of changes of ownership of these parcels through the years Keeping track of all these and of the milestones and the lives of the myrids of owners deaths, wills, divorces, deeds, mortgages foreclosures, judgments and so on is the big job of the title insurance and trust company It's a job that never ends and one that gets harder rather than easier as time goes on Our story tonight however presents the romantic and adventurous background of all this activity and it's one of the most interesting of the series and here is our wandering Vakero Frank Graham to tell the story Our story tonight deals with the land we know as the modern cities of Englewood, Hawthorne, El Segundo and Redondo, Hermosa and Manhattan beaches steeped in the romance of the ranchos Back through time our story takes us from the Hollywood Park of today to another kind of horse race which took place in the year 1822 He dismounted hitting that pile of rocks We haven't surrounded him, dismounted We're closing on him Julio, you stay with the horses All right men, spread out How are the old men? Be careful, these men are desperate Slowly now Hold your fire Get him, fire!  Oh I see, he's dead But he is than we are Good work, I've been waiting for you I have news Well wait a minute, I must rest a moment before I get excited again What do you see Don Antonio? I fix him up one wooden box And see that the news is spread so that all horse thieves will know that I, Don Antonio Nacio Avila will personally see to what they do not escape from the law Oh you're a good catcher of horses Don Antonio That is my duty as consulman of the pueblo Do your duty so well that capitano, riega, militari, comandria Santa Barbara has decided to reward you Reward for me? That is the news I have for you I send you permission to use the place called Sazual Redondo to fill the corral and keep your stock You mean the land by the round club of willows? Ah this is wonderful, no it's wonderful Oh madre de Dios I'm so happy, haha I will make it my rancho Rancho Sazual Redondo The property of Don Antonio Nacio Avila Consulman of the pueblo and horse thieves catcher extraordinari And so in 1822 A year after Mexico obtained its independence from Spain, Don Antonio Nacio Avila became the holder of the great rancho He'd only been given permission to live there and keep his cattle and actual ownership of the land was not given him for 15 years Then too, the boundaries of his domain were not clearly fixed The way was open for other settlers to contest his claim to the great 25,000 acre parcel of land Thus, one another prominent and respected citizen of the early south land When he moved in on what Don Antonio considered his tract he made no protest at first Then one day came the news Don Antonio, Don Antonio What is it Diego? What's the matter? I've just come from the pueblo Don Ignacio Machado is at the prefect's office He's filing a claim to the land of Centinella Creek where he's been leaving What? You mean he really intends to claim ownership? See that is what he's doing right now I must get there at once, I must protest This is my land, here What's the answer? But, Senor, prefect, I protest this is my land Well, Don Antonio That is what is not quite clear The boundaries of your land have never been very clear I hardly know what to say Everyone knows that the land of the round club of willows called Sausal Redondo is mine That's just it, Don Antonio I claim the land called the springs of the Centinella not your Sausal Redondo Don Ignacio, that you should do such a thing to me It's the same thing, it is part of my land Hey, Senor, if it is your land why have you not used it, cultivated it? Because, I was being gracious Nothing new used But I didn't think you'd do this to me You were being gracious Senor, why have you not said something before Why have you not protested before For three years I have lived here Bill Hauss is a coronal, planetary vineyard See, Don Antonio He even built the reservoir and ditches for the irrigation Ah, no matter, this was not his land That is a matter for the Ayuntamiente They do decide, not you, Senor And I say no, Senor Senores, Senores, please This is an office of the law You will have to go somewhere else Pardon, Senor I do not mean to lose my temper, Senor But only this It is not that I am irritating It's that you are so stubborn, Don Antonio If there is any justice, I shall have my land After all, Senores Senores, Senores, please Don Antonio didn't secure What he called justice The Ayuntamiente or city council of Los Angeles Decided that Machado had valid Claim to the land called a Roque de la Sentinela Or Springs of the Sentinela And so the neighbors were forced To bury the quar A few years later in 1837 Governor Alvarado granted Don Antonio Title to his land And Machado received his grant in 1844 From the later governor, Michele Torrena Then, a year later Dung in Nassio Machado Finally, tired of the country And decided to move into Los Angeles At last, Don Antonio Avila Saw a chance to regain possession Of all the land for his family And so he called in his brother Bruno You see, I'll just have one word That Don Inosio has decided to move Into the Pueblo He wishes to leave his ranch or a Roque de la Sentinela See, but where do I come in? Why Don Inosio is looking for a house in the Pueblo Well, my brother You have a house in the Pueblo I know, but I do not understand Well, if you could persuade Don Inosio You mean I give up my house For his little rancho? Oh, but Bruno, it is a fine rancho Very valuable, his vineyards grow Fine scrapes for Vino Vino? See, it is rich land You will enjoy the country life That I will not, I am happy in the Pueblo My house there, it is worth Much more than this rancho No, I think I stay But Bruno, for me, for our family Great Rancho, once again, ours all ours It will keep our children Our children's children rich and respected Great Rancheros You must think of them, but Well, I don't know, I Think about it So you come before me to transfer your property See, that is right, Senor Sanchez Don Bruno Avila here as a house in the Pueblo I have the rancho a waje de la Centenela We wish to trade See, I will draw up the necessary paper Let me see now Ignacio Machado and Bruno Avila April 4, 1845 Ignacio Machado, give to Bruno Avila Don Ignacio, see Don Bruno I have been thinking I do not think I want to live in the country This is a fine time to be thinking of that The business is all settled Any moments in your Sanchez will have the papers already But I think my house in the Pueblo Is worth more than your rancho And I do not like this But me, amigo You came for me and offered I know, but I have thought it over It is not enough Not enough? What more can I give? I do not own any more land I have no gold Do you have a guardiente? Yes, I have Made from my own vineyards It is just like you will be able to make Well, suppose you were A couple of barrels of brandy Then perhaps your rancho would be worth As much as my house Almost two barrels? There is a lot with much love Yes, that is what I mean Very well I shall do it, Senor Sanchez Add to what I shall give Don Bruno Two barrels of a guardiente But the best a guardiente? Of course, Senores Just a moment Not at all, Senor I am foolish to make such a bad trick Senor, you evidently do not know The value of a house in the Pueblo You evidently do not realize The value of a great rancho in the country You are, Senores, it is already Good, then it is settled Not exactly You must sign the paper first See, put your name to it But, Senor, I do not know how to write You cannot even sign your name? No He cannot even sign his name Then I will sign for you, Don Bruno Gracias, Senor There Now, Don Ignacio Eh? Will you sign now? You mean I must sign it too? But of course Oh But that is It will be impossibly Sword hands, you know But, a minute ago your hand was not sword Use your hands with me Very sudden, you know Rheumatism Would you like for me to sign for you too? Don Ignacio So, you laugh because I cannot write And all the time you cannot sign your name either Eh? You are caught you this time, Don Ignacio Once again the two great ranchers were merged Into ownership for the same family In 1851 The new rulers of California, the United States Government, appointed a land commission To pass upon the validity of Spanish and Mexican land grants And finally, patents were issued to the Avila brothers But a few years later, disaster was to strike For Bruno, he needed money worse than land And so we went first to John G. Downey In James P. McFarland Los Angles' first bankers And later to Hilliard P. Dorsey From whom he borrowed money Mr. Dorsey, I want $1,400 Eh, that's a lot of money, Avila I don't have to have some security See, I thought of that I'll give you a mortgage On the Rancho Aguaje de la Sentinera Don Bruno See, Senor Sherry Bad news for you, this is a summons Your land is to be foreclosed Don Bruno was able successfully To contest the foreclosure suit By Downey and McFarland But when the debtor came into court to contest Dorsey's suit And so it seems to me Don Bruno, from reading of the agreement Between you and Mr. Dorsey The air's a valid claim against you Of course, Senor, before you said it In the case of Downey and McFarland Your wife did not sign the mortgage on your homestead According to the law she must But this time she did sign Your judge, I speak only Spanish It was written in English I did not know what I was signing I suppose that the Rancho had been reserved for us I'm sorry, Senora I'm afraid the law can't recognize that claim My decision is that Captain Hilliard B. Dorsey Is entitled to a judgment of $3359 And a decree of foreclosure Details of the records of Captain Hilliard's judgment And decree of foreclosure against Don Bruno's land Are posted in the files Of the title insurance and trust company Along with those of thousands Of other transactions behind which Lie real life stories of drama Tragedy, triumph, happiness and woe One of the many sources of Land title information which the title Insurance company must check daily Is the county's record of superior court filings During 1940 alone These included 56,565 Separate actions affecting land titles And a figure for the last 10 years Is 515,294 Among these were 125,875 divorces 97,257 probates 50,512 involving juveniles And 32,555 Classified as psychopathics Which include cases of incompetency And commitments to insane asylums Each and every one of these filings Can affect the validity of land titles So each and every one Was noted and posted In the title insurance company records The same day it was filed in superior court Once again, the rancho of Juarez De la Sentinela was split from Sao Sao Radondo in ownership For an 1856 Hiliard P. Dorsey stood in front of the county court It was 1900 Who'll make it? 2000 I have 2000 Do I hear more? It's going for 2000 And it's twice Sold The captain Hiliard P. Dorsey For the sum of $2,000 But captain Dorsey, a veteran of a Mexican war And a real westerner Was not to enjoy ownership of his rancho very long For he had married Civility Rubatom Daughter of Uncle Billy Rubatom Was one of the Southland's best-loved characters And the captain and his wife And his wife's relatives Had the disagreements One day Dorsey returned home Civility! Civility! I brought company! That's funny Perhaps your wife has gone outside I didn't see her. Raffy's in here That's civility! Perhaps she has left you, senor What'd you say? I did not mean anything by it, darling That's all right, Ramon What's this? I don't know Oh, probably telling you she has gone to the neighbors No, Ramon The first time She's run away from me She's gone to her father's house in El Monte And taken our baby with her Oh, senor, I am sorry But surely her father...  No, no, civility, don't you get excited Nothing's going to happen Hilliard knew he had these calls before It's high time he taught him a lesson But he's not likely to sit back and do nothing He's the kind of man who doesn't like to be crossed Well, stop fretting He comes here, he'll just be wasting his time That is, Leslie comes to apologize Apologize? Not Hilliard That's what I'm afraid of You should get such things Nothing's going to happen Probably nothing at all Sounded like somebody coming in the gate Your imagination's working overtime, civility It'll make you feel any better I'll go see No, child, just be calm Nothing to worry about Take an old shotgun with me I'll be all right Father Anybody out there? Hello How'd you, Dorsey? Yeah, that's me. I'm coming in, Rubon Get out of my way Now, just a minute, son Just calm down a bit I said get out of my way I've come to get my wife and you ain't going to stop me Now, look here, Dorsey You better get control yourself You're asking for it Father, look out, he's got a gun Dorsey, don't I'm all right, civility Hilliard Either him or me I guess I had the best aim Hilliard Pete Dorsey was dead And his widow, civility, had no taste for running the complicated affairs of the Rancho Oaxay de la Centenara Among her many other troubles was the cause of a certain Frenchman, the son-in-law of the former owner, Bruno Avila He'd built his home on the land But this is no longer down Bruno's land I own it now, and you have no right here M-m-moselle, this is my home I built it with my own hands My wife, she and I live here and you want that we should go I do, this is my land I need it for my own cattle But where am I supposed to go?  No, I want no violence I'm sure the gentleman will see my position and leave of his own accord That I will not do The widow Dorsey could not cope with the situation and shortly afterwards she sold the rancho with great relief The next owner was Francis J. Carpenter who turned the property over to Joseph Lancaster Brent the attorney and land title expert almost immediately Brent quickly settled the matter of the Frenchman by paying him $300 for any further claim to the land Then a stranger came to Tom and shortly afterward he stopped him to see them Mr. Brent, I hear you'll be interested to sell your share of this land called the Rancho Centenella Yes, I've been thinking of it, sir You see, I'm a southerner and there's some talk of war between my countrymen and them Yankees That's the case, I want to be free to go back and offer my services But tell me, you're a Scotch nobleman, aren't you? Why would you want to be buying land here? Well, I don't want to seem disloyal but the claim it here satisfies my wife and me It's quite a bit different than our cold, dreary Highlands Well, sir, I warrant it is So you decided you'd like to live here? Well, I think so That is, if I can get the land I want And that is, uh, Centenella? It's a start with, yes Well, perhaps I can accommodate you, sir That is, it is Don't worry about that, Mr. Brent The price is no object Well then, I'm sure we can make a deal Joseph Lancaster Brent went off to become a great Confederate general Sir Robert Burnett of Craiths Castle, Scotland took up his abode in Bruno Avila, Adobe which stands today Shortly afterward, he bought the ranch of South Sal Redondo from the airs of Antonio Ignacio Avila And once more, these two tracks were combined into one great rancho For twelve years, Sir Robert directed operations of sheep and cattle raising on his vast acreage But finally, in 1873, it became necessary for him to return to Scotland And with regret he turned his domain over to another How did you happen to come here, sir, all the way from Canada? Well, we were going to Jamaica for my wife's health But I read a book called California for Health, Pleasure and Residence So I came here instead So we have people advertising our land, huh? And now you've decided to stay? Yes, I've looked over a number of ranchos but I don't mind telling you I like yours best The cool sea air will be very beneficial for my wife's health, too But you see, Mr. Freeman, I don't want to sell I only want to lease I'll even do that. I'll take a lease if you'll give me the first option to buy It's a deal, Mr. Freeman And so Daniel Freeman, the father of Englewood, came into possession of a great rancho A few years after, he stocked its acres with new herds of cattle and fine horses and planted thousands of fruit and eucalyptus trees He was able to exercise his option to buy, and the march of progress was begun Up until 1875 it had been thought that this land was best for cattle and sheep raising But in 1875 and 76 the great drowth parched the land and sheep and cattle died like flies Daniel Freeman fought to save his herds Round up those trees, man, and keep them moving Don't let them stop Oh, damn, it's no use The poor creatures can't stand it If I can only get them to the hills, they may find enough green foliage to save them Ah, but you'll never get them to the hills Not many anyway They're dropping like flies They've lost thousands of heads of sheep I'll save the others if I can No, it's not much use, Dan You better do what some of the other ranches are doing Driving them over their cliffs into the sea Holding them out of their misery Maybe, but I'm going to try the hills first And, Joe, one thing I know This country is going to grow and become a big shipping and industrial community They'll need lots of farmland to supply them And I'm going ahead with the times This is going to be a barley farm next year Daniel Freeman envisioned a great land that was to be and he helped to build it not just with his vast acres of barley which found markets in New York and London but as an active participant in the birth of a new city In 1887 the directors of the Centinella Englewood Land Company gathered Ladies and gentlemen, I'm pleased to send you this great tract of land for development into the town of Englewood We're going to build a real town We're all set to buy and sell lots Build a hotel, put in water and gas works everything Englewood's going to be metropolis before you know it Hey, look at this in the Englewood Star 1,500,000 feet of lumber will be delivered to Englewood at once 4,500,000 feet more coming lumber will be sold at cost to all who will build 50 new buildings going up inside of 30 days Railroads to Redondo Beach is in goes right through Englewood There's nothing to stop us now We've got grocery stores hotels, liveries, stables a brickyard and we're even going to have a college Yes, sir, the Freeman College of Applied Sciences Town lots and farms in Englewood can be bought cheap today but they'll never be cheaper Englewood's not a town on paper No, sir, she's a real town She's going to grow into a big beautiful and prosperous city You bet And Englewood did grow and adjust that Today it's a prosperous community of over 30,000 people It's tree shaded streets of homes and gardens watered by the same springs of the Sentinel which attracted Antonio Ignacio Avila Around it on the 25,000 acres of the Rancho Aguaje de la Centenela Rancho Sao Sao Redondo sprung up other prosperous communities Hawthorne, Redondo Beach, Manhattan Beach Hermosa Beach and El Segundo On the romantic domain of the Avilas stands the Douglas Aircraft Company's El Segundo Division and the North American plant furnishing wings for the defense of our nation One of the country's greatest airports is fast-taking shape It's the Los Angeles Municipal Port at Mines Field and true to the traditions of Don Antonio Avila at Great Horsemen and Catcher of Horse Thieves and to the spirit of Daniel Freeman breeder of fine horses It is still intimately associated with the sound of running hooves for it is the home of that modern mecca which is Hollywood Park Such is the story of progress and such is the romance of the ranchers Few people realize that Title Insurance Service comparable to that provided by the Title Insurance and Trust Company of Los Angeles is not available anywhere else in the United States at rates so low as prevail here One reason such low rates are possible is that this company writes more policies of the Title Insurance than any other company in the United States But the principal reason is the efficiency of its methods and personnel and the completeness of its files The same files that contain the facts on which you're based these authentic stories of Southern California's adventurous past The Title Insurance and Trust Company sincerely hopes that you find these programs entertaining that by exploring for you the colorful history of our Southland they add something to your enjoyment in living here And what's the story for next week, Frank? Next week our story deals with the film of movie stars Beverly Hills which was once the great rancher Rodeo Delos Aguas It's the story of a lonely but valiant widow who weathered trouble with neighbors and the Indians and single handed raised her great family And so until next week this is your Wandering Vaquero Frank Graham saying The romance of the ranchers featuring Frank Graham is the Wandering Vaquero is brought to you each Wednesday night at this time by the Title Insurance and Trust Company of Los Angeles Bob LeMond speaking This is the Columbia Broadcasting System


Test, test, yes. Thank you, I want to thank everybody for coming and we're talking about a continuation of Vermont's commitment to build out and maintain access to high-speed internet across our state. And it's really pretty astonishing what Vermont has done with its community union districts and what I find so thrilling about what Vermont has done is it's all locally based. We've created a model where the community has a huge investment in the success of building out and making accessible and affordable broadband for folks that live in the community. So we had this big challenge at the beginning where essentially the business model for the big telecommunication companies was basically to stick it to us and forget about us and pay no attention and not focus on getting broadband out in areas where the business model for them wasn't super profitable. But as you all know and everyone here has eloquently spoken about many times, broadband is a necessity now. It's just like electricity was in the 30s. The United States made an amazing decision then when electricity required wiring all over the country. And that decision was everybody was going to have access to electricity. If they were on the last barn and the longest dirt road in the most remote town, they were entitled to electricity. That was a social decision, not an economic one. Of course it had economic repercussions. But it was a decision that was fundamentally based on the fact that we're all together. We all need access to the tools that are essential for modern life and electricity was what it was then. Broadband is what it is now. And what for mine is done, and that's what the leadership of Vermonters is, make that social commitment to all of the folks in our state, however remote it is that they live in whether they're rich or poor. So the two things that are so important with broadband is one, the deployment. The number two is the affordability. And there's a lot of folks who might be right along the build out, but they don't have the cash. And it's a big expense. And the affordability connectivity program that is about to expire has been incredibly important to us here in Vermont. And around the nation, 22 million people have benefited by this who otherwise would not have access to broadband. That program is expiring. And we're here today to announce that I and some of my colleagues, including Republicans from remote rural states, are reintroducing an extension of that affordable connectivity program so that we can continue to provide that financial assistance to folks who otherwise would not be able to have the broadband that they need, that their kids need for opportunity, that they need to do work, they need to do homework. So I'm pretty optimistic about this because the broadband necessity is something that applies. It doesn't matter whether you're in a red state or a blue state.  You have to have it. So I don't get in an argument with some of my colleagues who I disagreed with on other things politically when we're talking about, hey, what do the folks we represent need in broadband is really way, way up there. So I'm delighted that we're going to be, that we've introduced this legislation and we'll be working hard. I spoke to Senator Murray who's the chair of the appropriations committee and she's very receptive. So I want to end by just thanking all the people who are here who've played such a major role. And I was talking to Christine just as we began and one of the things I so admire about everybody on the local boards, the community union districts and Christine, you and the work you've done, this is the work about implementation. It's day in, day out, dealing with the various problems that come up that are all variable depending on the geographic situation, depending on the personalities that are involved. You have to every single day figure out how to move ahead and it requires a sustained commitment and a willingness to do the hard work. And our community union districts have committed themselves and shown by their performance that they're totally committed to doing the work. They do the work and they get the job done. So it's really important that this tool of additional financial assistance for low income Vermonters and low income Americans be available to our community union district because I know your goal is to make certain that everybody in that district has access to reliable high speed internet. So thank you. And now I'll turn it over to the great Christine Hallquist who's been doing such a tremendous job. Thank you. And thank you for providing us an opportunity to speak about such an important program. And thank you, Senator Welch, for your continued leadership in helping rural Vermonters bridge the digital divide. The ACP is critical for rural Vermonters. Losing that would leave them in digital darkness. Information, medical services, agricultural success, financial transactions, social interactions, to name a few, require good, reliable broadband connections. We have created hope and trust for the struggling Vermonters who are participating in this program. We can't take it away now. The financial imbalance for struggling Vermonters is impacted even more by the cost of connecting those rural Vermonters. Those that are not served today are not served because it is too expensive and the existing providers would lose money. Those areas that we're trying to serve today are five times more expensive than the areas that are served today. And those Vermonters that are those rural Vermonters living there have a significantly higher number of low income families in those areas. We have to charge more for those people who can least afford it. The VCBB has been holding listening sessions across the state. There's a story that I heard that breaks my heart.  One of the children is LGBTQ and has mental health struggles, therefore she has to work at home. She makes $986 a month. The cost of interconnection is $85 a month. And it's a low quality connection and losing that $30 ACP would be devastating. And with the increase of violent weather due to climate change, it places an even greater burden on rural Vermonters. Power goes out for a long time in rural Vermonters just as it's out today. More companies depend on reliable telecommunications in order to restore power. And rural Vermonters need to stay informed and connected. Telecommunications is more important today than electricity. Let's keep rural Vermonters out of the digital darkness and provide continued funding and support for the ACP. Next I'd like to introduce Paige Hartzell from the Northeast Kingdom Community Action who is the Vermont leader for the ACP. Thank you, Christine. And Senator Welch, thank you for inviting Northeast Kingdom Community Action to participate in the announcement of this important bipartisan legislation you're cosponsoring. We need connection today more than ever before. The Affordable Connectivity Program Extension Act is a pivotal next step in continuing the work that NECA and the Vermont Community Action Partnership Agency's CBOEO, Capstone, Sevka and Brock have been doing with the Vermont Affordable Connectivity Program. This additional $7 billion will continue to make connectivity accessible and will keep those already enrolled in the program from experiencing interrupted service. The demand for affordable reliable service far exceeded expectations when NECA on behalf of the CAP agencies received this $500,000 grant to roll out the program for Vermont this past July. Through our outreach efforts, including in-person one-on-one enrollments, people responding to flyers through word of mouth, we have cultivated relationships and reached over 25,000 households, representing more than 60,000 community members and a savings for them of almost three-quarters of a million dollars on internet service a month. This is money Vermonters can use for other things like food on the table, rent, snow tires, and every enrollment represents an individual or household who now has more affordable internet service. We cannot stop now. The connections that the Vermont Affordable Connectivity Program have facilitated, however, cannot be quantified. NECA and V-CAP agencies rely on our strong relationships with community partners for enrollment events in food shelves, senior and community centers, schools, Head Start programs and others. Sitting down with community members at these events across the state, one thing is clear. The ACP has been a critical link in our work towards fully realized digital equity in Vermont. People repeatedly tell us how important ACP has been in keeping their family members, friends, communities connected. We all know that, but legislators need to hear the stories of the important impact this program has had on lives, and I thank Senator Welch and others who have listened and responded with concrete action. One community member we know who recently came home from incarceration shared with me that they hit one roadblock after another upon their release. Through the onsite support they received to upload necessary documents to their ACP application, they were able to get approved for a free phone and internet service. You don't understand what a difference this makes, they said to me. Continuing, they explained, to be able to receive phone calls for jobs, it's a game changer. That is what ACP is, to tens of thousands of Vermonters and millions of others across the country, and as a result of that, to our shared humanity and national well-being. In rural states like Vermont, ACP enables people to zoom in for town meetings so they can participate in the shaping of their communities. It enables homebound community members to video call family and friends and maintain human connection. ACP enables people to access telehealth services. It has enabled our unhoused community members to remain connected to family and services. It has enabled people to take classes and participate in online learning. It broadens possibilities for people to work at home or start their own businesses. ACP brings a facet of meaning, a new facet of meaning for our community members in recovery, who live by the saying, the opposite of addiction is connection. By letting them attend meetings and receive support virtually so much more, ACP has done so much more, we must make internet access affordable for every household in Vermont and across the nation. The Affordable Connectivity Extension Act will move us closer to that goal. Thank you. Again, as I said, we rely very much on our relationships with community partners, and so I would like to introduce Christa Shute, who is an incredible community partner for NECA and the executive director of NAK Community Broadband. Thanks very much. Senator Welch has done a phenomenal job in creating a bicameral and bipartisan support for this crucial act. NECA has done an incredible job in making sure that Vermonters are aware of and connected to the advantages that the act provides, not only in the Northeast Kingdom, but by leading across the state all the community action agencies in those reach-out efforts. So again, I extend my thanks likewise. This act is a crucial step in continuing to close the digital divide, and it is important in extending service to underserved and rural communities. It recognizes that we need to not leave people behind, that we need to create bridges that bring them to the future and that connect them to our societies and to our services.  It will extend service long enough for us to find a longer-term solution that will be necessary to ensure equitable access to service that's really crucial to the very essence of life in America, as many of us have discussed today. For the NECA broadband district, the importance of high-speed broadband and the affordable connectivity program is palpable. Our district has 30% of the unserved roadways, 40% of the unserved premises, but only 10% of the state's population. We're also financially challenged with three of the four lowest median income counties in the state, and more than 27% of our households eligible for the affordable connectivity program discussed here today. We, as an NECA broadband district, have extended that program to increase the support to ACP members and started implementing that supplemental program. We've also prioritized bringing high-speed internet to the most unserved, and by most unserved, I mean with speeds of less than four megabytes per second down and one megabyte per second up. We've built over 200 miles of served roadway, passing little over 2,000 premises in the process. We recently spoke with one of our ACP participants, and they identified the ease of participating in the program, and more importantly, the difference it made for her grandson and for herself. She's now able to more effectively use her business website by being able to upload pictures in seconds rather than uploading them while she goes and does the laundry, cooks dinner, and eats dinner. I'm not kidding. That is how long it can take to do an upload of a high-resolution photograph on an old legacy copper line. Her son can now participate in homework and gaming, and she can watch a television show or zoom with a friend at the same time. The Affordable Connectivity Program has improved her ability to do business, to socialize, to enjoy her family, and to access programs across the state, the nation, and the world. It took time for the federal government to figure out how to make this program easier to access. But they've mostly accomplished that goal, and the conversation with this individual was a testament to the ease in which people can now access the funding that helps them access the internet. With over 25,000 Vermonters enrolled in the program to bridge this digital divide, to create a more connective, inclusive, and prosperous future for everyone, this act will provide that bridge support to transform those communities and empower those individuals through increased access to affordable and reliable broadband services. As a communications union district, bringing service to the unserved, and without the benefit of urban areas to create profit margins, the Affordable Connectivity Program is critical to ensuring that all of our residents, not just those who can afford it, have access to the public infrastructure we are building today. Enabling those with lower incomes to access higher speed internet levels the playing field. It provides the options for people to take control of their circumstances. Allowing the funding to lapse will disrupt the ability of financially challenged residents to participate. So I urge anyone hearing this to reach out to your congressional leaders in Vermont and beyond to help provide support for this program. The Affordable Connectivity Program Extension Act of 2024 needs our support. Thank you very much. And I would like to introduce to you Virginia of the CBOEO Associate Office of Racial Equity and Community Inclusion. Good morning. Sorry. Good morning, everyone. I would like to thank Senator West for this opportunity. So I am Virginia Diambu. I'm the director of the Office of Racial Equity and Community Inclusion with the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity. And I would like to take this opportunity to emphasize how important, how crucial, how instrumental the ACP program has been for the people that we serve. We were able to work with close to 600 people and we include in that number the outreach and enrollment. And CBOEO serves low-income individuals. And in that range of low-income individuals, we count our new Americans. We count our refugees. We count our Black, Indigenous, and people of color. And we also count our people who experience homelessness. So we cannot imagine how instrumental it is for those individuals to have access to internet. It's, you know, access to communication breaks isolation, allows communication, and allows integration, more integration for those people, which is important. Well-being is important. As I heard by one of the intervenants here, mental health is in some ways linked to the lack of communication. So it is really important to be able to communicate, to be able to connect to each other.  So ACP has been really great. And we, I would like to share a little bit of the way that we outreach our client. We have a program that is really unique to our agency, which is called the Community Ambassador Program. So the Community Ambassador Program employs members of the New American community who are trusted members of the community who speak multiple languages. Those people, among many tasks that they cover, they run what we call our house parties. And in the setting of those house parties, we relay the message about enrollment in the ACP program. I'm going to talk a little bit about how we proceed in those house parties. So our Community Ambassador speaks multiple languages. We have six languages that we cover so far. So let's say that one community member from the community language will invite four peers from the same community and language group. And in the setting of someone's house, they decide on the topic that they want to learn. It could be how to buy a house, how to build a credit. We have to keep in mind that for many of the people who come to this country, the building of the credit is something that is unknown. So those are topics that we incorporate in our curriculum that our Community Ambassadors and our Office of Racial Equity Manager develop. So it is in that setting that we also incorporate information that we give about how to apply for ACP and how to enroll in ACP. So just to say that we are really thrilled that this program is being extended because this is really important. Again, I would like to underline that communication is key and it's allowed the community to grow, to be unified, and to thrive. Thank you so much.  And it's one in 11 Vermont families that benefit from this program. It makes a difference in whether they get access to the internet. And that page, what you said, addiction versus connection, we're all so struggling to find ways to be connected. People are lonely. There's a lot going on in society that pulls us apart. So anything we can do to help connection, we've got to do. And this program is one that works. It's really modest in the amount of money that's required to make this huge difference for families that are fully part of the community of where you want them to be. And when I listen to the hard work that's being done day in and day out and we're getting it done, it's a real thrill. Because the way things should work is the federal government should be helping folks back home do the work there and be successful. And that's what's happening with this program. So we've got to keep it going. But the fact that you've done such good work for so long is the best argument that I can make with my colleagues about let's keep a good thing rolling. So I'll stop there. Any questions for any of us? Pat Bradley. Senator, you said that the program is about to expire. I'm curious when the expiration is. And if you think the bill that you're reintroducing will be able to be passed so that there's no gap? I think it expires in April, isn't it? Yeah, it expires in April. So time is marching on. In whether it can or not, in the world we're in down in DC, I can't make any hardcore predictions. But what I said in the beginning is the reason that I have some optimism. One of my co-sponsors is JD Vance from Ohio. He and I are not particularly aligned on a lot of things. But folks in Ohio have the same challenges that we have here in Vermont. Another co-sponsor is Kevin Kramer from South Dakota, who was a colleague of mine in the house and now we're colleagues in the Senate. He's a Republican who cares deeply about the people that he represents and they need this program. And then in the Senate Appropriations Committee, Patty Murray, the chair, and then Susan Collins from Maine, the vice chair, are both very supportive of rural programs and they work together really well. What happens in the house? Who knows, you know? Will they have a speaker? Will they be speaking to one another? Who knows? We gotta keep it moving and I'm gonna do what I can do with the help of the folks right here. Senator, how do you believe this program addresses the needs of those already different families and if this does expire in April, how do you believe those families will be impacted? Well, you know, you heard. I mean, actually, folks right here are better able to answer that. But that story of the person, well, number one, you're making 900 bucks a month and you get an $85 a month bill and you get 30 bucks off on it. That's real money, okay? It's real, real money. And by the way, it's really hard to be poor. That's not an easy job. You have to find ways to do things that don't cost you money. It usually takes an immense amount of effort. And then if you have this $30 bill added onto your budget, which will happen, you've gotta make some really tough decisions. And a lot of folks will be in a position where is that discretionary. So it's real. I mean, this is 30 bucks, but it's for people who make like 12 grand a year. You have to be under 200% of poverty. So it makes a real, real difference for folks. And by the way, that makes a difference for all of us because the more folks have opportunity and they need the tools like a good grade school education, a good high school education, access to the internet, then folks who are really in tough circumstances have the tools they need to build their lives, to become all that they can be. So we've gotta maintain this program so that those folks who don't have much money can afford it. Well, thank you. Really appreciate you all coming. Thank you guys.


Still in the news, the Niger State Government has banned commercial motorcycles from appraising in Mina, adding that the ban was part of a proactive steps to protect the city and government seat from bandits. The deputy governor Ahmed Kesou announced this while briefing journalist a week after gunmen abducted 136 pupils from an Islamic school in Tajina. He also reiterated the state government's commitment to rescue the school children, noting that negotiations with the abductors were ongoing. According to Kesou, the negotiation was not about the payment of ransom but on how to secure the release of the pupils on hurt.


If your youth group is thinking about planning an international youth exchange, then your first step is to explore the idea. Contact your national agency for the Erasmus Plus Youth in Action programme to find out about exchanges and the funding possibilities with other countries. Contact other groups in your area or your organisation who have carried out an exchange. They'll be able to give you a complete rundown of what is involved. Consider, as a group, the amount of time, energy, enthusiasm and money involved in taking on an exchange. Throughout the process of exploring the idea, it is also important that you start identifying the needs and interests of your youth group. Take the time with your group to look at why they want to take part in an exchange. What motivates them? Is there an issue or theme which is of particular interest to the group? The environment, unemployment, early school leavers, healthy living, being young in Europe, multimedia or communication, or other themes? Is there a particular way you, as a group, would like to work together? Through drama, sport and outdoor activities, using video or other media, undertaking a survey, discussion sessions, creative workshops or other methods. The commitment is there, the group wants to get things moving, so what's next? There are many ways to find a suitable partner, but first, you need to decide together what country you would like to exchange with. Use Ottlass Partner Finding Tool to search for suitable partners. Is your organisation part of an international network? Explore those possibilities. Speak with others from your organisation who may have recently participated in an activity in another country. They might be able to help. If your town is twinned, perhaps somebody responsible for town twinning can be of assistance. Perhaps there are people from other countries living in your locality, maybe they can put you in touch with somebody abroad. Start developing your exchange project further once you have your local group interested and at least one partner group abroad. Discuss your ideas and set them out using the official Erasmus Plus Youth in Action application form. Apply for funding, respecting the deadlines and cross your fingers in anticipation of a positive answer. If you still feel the need to learn more about youth exchanges, consider applying for one of the residential training courses. Check the Salto Training Calendar for suitable training activities.


Okay, so let us see some fastest flying birds, so one on the left is the one that has a record for the fastest flight, so I found this very interesting video, this talks about the spine tailed swift okay, so I have just put the video with no editing, now only you can see it, there you go, can you see it, were you able to see, let us see it once again now, okay, look carefully and try to spot the bird, only at 25% or 10% speed you can actually see that something is moving, so that is the speed of this bird, 10% with zoom, so that is the speed, now let us look at dive. Pilots could choose their reincarnations, they come back as falcons, peregrines seem to love pulling Gs as much as any pilot, they experience maximum Gs in one of the greatest demonstrations of flight control in any bird, their signature attack, the stew, it is in the hunt that peregrine falcons show off an adjustability of flight surfaces far beyond that of any aircraft, to spot prey peregrines often fly high up to 3000 feet, where prey have a hard time seeing them, when a peregrine locks onto a target it rolls, pulls its wings in and plunges, coming out of a stoop the peregrine feels the highest forces known for large animals up to 25 Gs, so as I mentioned they encounter 25 G force, let us see how do birds glide, now we have done a complete lecture on gravity, on gliding, so we do not have to really spend too much time, it is the same thing like you have studied on the gliders, they also have to maintain a particular glide angle, they also have to maintain L by D maximum, so as the L by D increases the glide angle reduces and hand force the glide range also increases, so when you increase in size you have a higher Reynolds number, higher Reynolds number normally gives you higher L by D, so very large bird let us say let us say albatross which is 3 meters wingspan L by D can be around 19, this is comparable to Boeing 747, 747 has L by D max of around 17 and a half to 18 okay and the bird has L by D of 19, but if you take a very small bird called as a fruit fly which is only 6 millimeters wingspan, it is actually an insect not a bird, but if you look at it carefully it is a bird, so 6 millimeter wingspan L by D is only 1.8 but still more than 1 nearing to 2 okay and can you believe that even snakes are able to glide, so this is a very interesting video about gliding snakes, those of you who are scared of snakes you can close your eyes, five species of snakes in the Malaysian jungles that are able to transform their skeletons to glide through the air, this is a gliding snake how these gliding snakes can torque their bodies to cover a great deal of ground, when it leaps off a high tree branch it rotates its ribs forwards and upwards making its body double in width, this transforms it into a much flatter aerodynamic shape similar to an airplane wing, it moves its head back and forth which passes waves down its body like it's swimming in air, Professor Jake Socia carried out the study by creating a plastic copy of the snake's cross section and placed it in a tank of flowing water and gathered data on the way the water moves around it using lasers and high speed cameras okay so this is a faculty member from Virginia Tech who has taken up a project these snakes can go up to 50 meters in a glide so they go up a tree they launch themselves they flatten their body so that they give an aerodynamic shape and then they launch their head and keep moving it so that the body goes in waves okay let's see it once again let's see this once again there are five species of snakes in the Malaysian jungles that are able to transform their skeletons to glide through the air the study has revealed exactly how these gliding snakes contort their bodies to cover a great deal of ground when it leaps off a high tree branch it rotates its ribs forwards and upwards making its body double in width this transforms it into a much flatter aerodynamic shape similar to an airplane wing it moves its head back and forth which passes waves down its body like it's swimming in air Professor Jake Socia carried out the study by creating a plastic copy of the snake's cross section and placed it in a tank of flowing water and gathered data on the way the water moves around it using lasers and high speed cameras so there is also a very interesting video when there are five students who work with these professors so the snakes are launched and then they run after the snake to catch it and bring it back now I would not work on such a project okay right now the thing is how do you actually improve your shape you do it by changing your wing or by wing morphing okay so we can see there that if you take a very very shallow glide and ignore theta then the velocity at which you launch yourself is just proportional to the square root of 2w by rho scl okay so if you assume some cl value and assume some rho value you can see that depending on the wing loading values you would have a glide velocity so it is very interesting with a very simple formula we can estimate the coated or calculated glide velocity and you can see that the percentage error is well within 2% plus minus through a simple formula so you just get the wing loading and you can estimate the velocity in glide okay so in birds as their glide velocity reduces or I should say like this as they increase the wing area the glide velocity reduces and hence the time in the air also increases okay also the distance traveled by them will also be a function so larger birds which have larger wing area they glide slowly at the same time if they want to change their glide velocity just like we saw in the video about the swan about this vulture if you want to change if you want to change the glide velocity you can change the area so the same bird when traveling at 31 kilometers per hour has the wings coming out and it goes for very very closely placed wings this is just like the variable sweep that we see in the aircraft so we can always say that the variable sweep concept of the aircraft is inspired by the birds okay so there are two examples there about the falcon and the pigeon who undergo a shape change so this shape change is called as morphing so heavier birds glide at higher speed if you look at rotary wing aircraft or helicopters versus natural flyers you see a lot of similarities first of all in a helicopter what do you do is you create a relative flow around the rotors by rotating continuously and here also they are flapping it along the arc if you actually take the locus of the tips of the bird wing you will be surprised it goes in a circular path or elliptical path I will show you some videos of that also similarly when you want to tilt when you want to go forward you tilt the thrust rotational plane same thing is done by the birds and by the insects also they tilt the flapping stroke plane and that is how they get the forward motion and during forward flight you change the angle of the rotors similarly you change the angle of flapping so I would say that the helicopters are actually doing many things just like what the birds are doing so here is a here is an example of some birds and insects now these figures are not in the same scale for example we have a bird here okay and we have a fly here they are not the same size only in movies you can have same size but if you see the pattern in which the wings are being flapped generally becomes more complex when you have going to a smaller animal larger insects or larger flying objects they have a very simpler flapping motion look at albatross for example one of the largest birds it just has a simple helical fashion but look at the bow fly look at the low cast for example it goes forward and backwards so smaller flyers normally clap in a larger so we will have a look at some animation so this is the flapping motion of the bird called canada goose so the locus of the inboard tip and the outboard tip shows you the flapping plane on the other hand if I look at a moth you can see now it is more complicated so now not only is there are two distinct top and bottom there are two distincts the bottom is actually figure of it the top is not figure of it and also notice that the body also keeps flipping along with the one that is meant for center of gravity control if they do not do that then they will also start moving and they will not be able to hover at a particular place if we look at dragonfly now there are two sets of wings dragonfly has two wings and as you can see here they are not moving in the same manner there is a lag between them okay so you can say that these are two independent set of wings which are flapping in a conical in a in a frustum of a cone manner but that is inclined and one behind the other with a lag in between okay let us look at the hummingbird a hummingbird is one of the most amazing birds the amount of control it demonstrates in keeping its position flying backwards flying upwards flying sideways so looking at the flapping pattern you can realize more more you are near the frustum of a cone more you are able to maintain hover hovering condition depends on the motion so for the hummingbird I have actually many many more amazing images so let us look at flapping in slow motion we have already seen a video which was an animation okay so look at it in ultra slow motion it will give you an idea about how the wings flap so the pigeon is now perched at a particular location so now starts taking the wings out so the first requirement is to leave the ground so you can see the downs and also the tail is morphing out but the tail has also given an angle because they want to turn so they would like the air to give you a turning flight now it wants to go forward after it has bounced and turned it wants to go forward so when it is going forward notice the tail also deflects there is an angle change in the tail there is an area change in the tail there is a camber change in the tail and that is happening naturally with the wings now it is going to turn so there you go one more look so wants to launch so therefore it bends down and the wings are going up basically to flap down so you throw yourself up and now you flap the air down so basically down and forward so it's down and forward I can't do I'm not so efficient like a pigeon look at the landing gear being retracted inside everything that you see in aircraft has actually been inspired by birds it's amazing how much aerodynamics you can look by just looking at these animals this is a fruit bat which is in again captured in slow motion now look at this particular pattern carefully because I will very soon show you a study about the aerodynamics of this particular animal done by one of your students one of your seniors so notice now how the outboard tips so it's like a human hand only it's like a human hand if you see but the motion is very complex now let's look at hovering flight so you see how she is able to maintain position at just one place and the tail is also twisting slightly the rear is also going on and now a slight change in the inclination and you can go turn this is in slow motion I have some very beautiful pictures of these birds in full speed I'll show them also to you towards the end when I have some time so the material for this presentation has been taken from these two very interesting textbooks which are available freely online okay the one is called as a simple science of flight from insect to jumbo jets by Tenekes okay this is available with me also if you are interested and there is also a very nice AIAA textbook by she et al on introduction to the flapping wing aerodynamics this one is more formal it contains a lot of mathematical expressions derivations for the flight okay


So, on our website, we have free powerful frequencies that you can listen to for free. Yes? You heard me right? Free. I'm talking about eight of them, and they're not just any old frequencies. These are powerful ones, designed specifically to support your body's natural healing abilities. You just go to the website, click a few buttons, and bam, you've got access to these sounds that can actually help your body and mind feel better, and the best part is that you don't have to pay a cent for it. Now let me tell you about one of these frequencies. It's built on this thing called the Phi Ratio. Basically, it's a special pattern that helps your body energize itself. Now, all you have to do is give it a shot, you listen for like 20 to 30 minutes, and suddenly you start feeling this surge of energy. And it's not just a fluke. Some people feel the energy super fast. But here's where it gets even more interesting. If you're into music, you'll notice that it's not just one boring sound, it's actually got layers, like an onion, you know, but way better.


Good afternoon everyone and welcome. This is Melissa with the stockswush.com and I'm here today to go over OCN which was the top thing I was watching this morning. I just I just flabbergasted. I don't even know why I'm so surprised how well this worked today. I mean this went to some target beyond the dream target and I really felt that $9.39 was the correct numbers for this today. I mean this really absolutely without a shot of a doubt went to the dream target today. This not only did this not work incredibly well in the morning to make money but actually you could have taken this as a setup in the afternoon and made money and really really really good money. In fact let's just go over the afternoon setup. The afternoon setup was here late on the 15 minute but worked and not only that the risk to reward in this late setup which really is still was done by lunch was an incredible amount of ours. I mean you just don't get this kind of look that often and actually you don't you don't get something that often that even is gonna close like this because even though it's 2.30 and the market is still doesn't close till 4 o'clock this is really gonna close looking very similar to the way this looks here. I mean this thing could even break another new level for the end of the day and I'm not no one should be in this anymore but I mean the whole thing here is done but I'm just saying like this is not something you normally see and I short stocks every day I'm always looking for a good gap but to see a gap that is actually gonna close near the low of the day that that doesn't happen all the time that doesn't happen every day it doesn't even happen every week so this definitely was a good pick this morning I knew it when I watched it I knew the numbers original one it's so much going on right now it's really not even funny what do I say oh my lanta I'm gonna have to go over this in the room on Monday this held the least level of resistance oh my lanta let me just look at this I didn't even dawn on me till now till I looked at that cuz I was like wait a minute oh my gosh I'm so good with numbers this is the reason I'm good at trading that actually this is one of the reasons that I like trading a lot but my my background is a math I mean my background is in math I took a lot of math classes in all my years and I also did banking for however many years I'm really good with numbers and numbers love me and I love them and they make so much sense but this really was fantastic look at that this held the least level resistance which I just noticed now even though if anybody was in the room and you looked at it I had the numbers in the room in the morning and held it and then when this happened here I think somebody were in the room they were concerned they're like oh see and I'm like okay whatever it's not doing anything wrong even though some traders tried to buy this here thinking it would fill the gap which does not work look at this I mean this actually was the call I made but when I went back and looked at this I was like oh my lanta because of the move that it made so late again it still was done by lunch but you would have had to take a new entry in this here because there would have been no reason to stay through this past the morning break unless you wanted to retake the setup because you're up a good amount of money in here and this is a good amount of money in here but this will close the super week today look this may even break eight dollars again it did buy two pennies doesn't really count but this may even continue just falling into the close what a nice looking chart what a nice looking short today this was an ocm stocks was show play of the day and call the top thing I watched this morning nice volume in this as well I really know how to pick the good ones and how do I know because of my 26 point rating system which tells me what watch each day to trade and call in the room and trade and do and the numbers and I'll tell you it's not every day that you get something to the dream target but I will say that this surpassed every number on the planet today but I could have even thought about I mean if you look at this chart let's just look at this chart this is gonna break a log before the close look at that this is a massive size bar for this stock massive massive massive massive massive this is what I would call a migladon bar okay for this stop does not normally trade this big in the day and again this is the power of the gap and it's not just the gap it's the rating system that would tell me to know to watch this today to even call the trade for the room to do it or even have the numbers and I you know this worked better than expected but I'm just saying I'm not surprised why because the gap rated good top watch today top watch today and a really nice gap if you'd like to sign up for the Golden Gap course you can email me at Melissa at the stocks wish com I'm running the gap class August 8th and 9th if you want to learn how to trade with me if you want to trade with me at all then you need to sign up for the Golden Gap class then you can be in the live room with me and get the calls like an OCN short today gorgeous gap here just really beautiful so congratulations for everyone that did this and if anyone did the afternoon trade you'll have to tell me about it on Monday have a great weekend everyone email me at Melissa at the stocks wish com if you'd like more information on the next gap class thanks everyone have a good weekend


Santa knows where all the best toys are and this December many of the hunter's smartphones are just a penny with service in Appalachian Wireless. Stop by your local Appalachian Wireless to check out all of the great smartphone deals that consistently top the nice lists. Ho ho, this Christmas is truly going to be bigger and better than ever. Better service, bigger savings, that is. Ho ho ho ho ho ho. That's today's Appalachian Wireless. The city of Pikeville held their annual Christmas Parade today. There were plenty of floats, fire trucks and dancing and despite the chilly temperatures, people were lined up and down the streets saying Merry Christmas to everyone they meet. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. After the parade, the Pikeville Main Street program arranged for all kinds of events to take place on 2nd Street. After the parade, we wanted people to gather on 2nd Street for Kettle Corn and Grinch Juice and pictures with Santa so Santa will be here in a few minutes on the carriage. So that's the whole point where people can stand around and talk a little bit after they watch the parade. And everybody supports a lot of the stuff that the Main Street program does. The Friday night lives, the Mussel on Main, the drag strip, everything that we do downtown to bring people back downtown. They come in down here at night to see what they've done here at Geniwali and 2nd Street lit up but it's phenomenal so be sure to come down and see that. Now I was not about to leave without finding out if I was on the naughty or nice list. You know whether or not you've been good. What do you want for Christmas? What do I want for Christmas? What do you want for Christmas? Listen, at this point I'll take what I can get. Well that's been real good. You'll get what you want for Christmas. All right, good deal. Now listen. Merry Christmas. I know you've been eyeballing my hat a little bit. Do you like it? I like your hat. I like your hat. You want to trade? Oh, you better keep that. More city for you. All right, thanks Santa. You're welcome. For EKB news, I'm Sean Allen.