From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders all around the world, this is a CUBE Conversation. Hello everyone, welcome to this CUBE Conversation. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. I'm in the Palo Alto CUBE Studios here with the quarantine crew doing the remote interviews during this time of COVID. Of course, we want to check in with all of our great esteemed guests. And CUBE alumni, we're here with Jerry Chen, partner at Greylock. Jerry, great to see you. It's been a while. Hope you're sheltering in place. Nice camera, nice setup you got there at home. Thanks for coming on. Thanks, John. I set up all the cameras just for you. Everybody needs their quarantine hobbies. And for me, I kind of dust off the audio-visual playbook and set this up just for the CUBE interviews. But it's good to see you've glad to you and the family are healthy and sane as well. Yeah, and same to you. Let's just jump into it. Obviously COVID-19 has caused the virtualization trend, virtual everything. You're no stranger to virtualization at VMware back in the day. Really changed the game on server virtualization, but the whole world's becoming virtual. And it's very interesting because now people are feeling what we in the industry have been talking about inside the ropes for a long time, which is the future's there. It's going to be about interactions online, software, cloud scale. These things just got accelerated. And I mean, the disruption, the change of behavior, Zoom fatigue, WebExing, all this stuff that's happening. People are kind of like, wow, this isn't the future. This is a real impact. And it's mainstream. Everyone's feeling about a business to personal. Your thoughts? Yeah, I think Satya Nadella and Microsoft had this quote recently that they've seen, two decades worth of digital acceleration and transformation in just two months. And I think what we've seen the past four months, John, is all the kind of the first order effects of virtualization events, not just infrastructure, but like virtualization meetings and people, telemedicine, telehealth, online education, delivery of food, all those trends have just accelerated. We were buying stuff on e-commerce, Amazon, Instacart beforehand, that's just accelerated. We're moving towards virtualized events, online education, online healthcare, that's just accelerated. So I think we're seeing the first order effects of changing not only how we work, how we communicate, but how we shop and interact and socialize, it's accelerated, it compressed two decades within two, three months. And so I think that's changing both how you and I interact and how we build relationships, but also how companies interact with their customers, now companies interact with their employees. And it's been an exciting time because, you know, one, when there's disruption, there's opportunity, but two, it's giving guys like you and me a chance to kind of dust off or try new skills. And you and I are both figuring out how to exist and thrive in this world where we're now interacting this virtualized world. And it's still the same game, personal relationships, content is now data. This is stuff that we've been preaching on theCUBE, you've been on many times talking about, I got to get your thoughts as a venture capitalist, you know, whether you're making bets on the future for investments, you got to see a 10 year horizon, roughly speaking average on VC deals, enterprises and customers who are building out cloud and data centers, they got to make new bets or double down on stuff they've been doing or cancel stuff that they had going on and refactoring. So I want to get your thoughts on one, first on the VC side, how have you guys refactored your thinking, your meetings and your bets? Yeah, so I would say three areas. One is how we operate as a VC firm, what's changed. Number two, I'll talk about kind of what we're investing in, what's good or bad. And thirdly, it's like what I think changes for our portfolio companies and how startups think. So first and foremost, like obviously we've gone on virtual too, with Shelter in Place, our entire team is now working remotely, working from home, but we're still open for business and we're looking to find new investments. We are investing aggressively right now and we're just doing things over Zoom. And so we're either A, doing video calls as a partnership or doing video calls with startups that we're meeting and founders. But I'll be honest, one thing I've done, John, so I've turned off the screen more or less, I've done more phone calls because I find that a video call is great for the first or second meeting, but with a founder or executive have a relationship with, it's just really nice to actually go on a virtual walk where me and the founder, we're both putting on AirPods, we'll take the phone, we'll just walk outside and kind of have a conversation that's a little bit higher bandwidth. So I think how we're operating has changed a little bit, but to your point, it's the same business, connecting with a person one-on-one, reading the market, reading the founder and making it back. So that hasn't changed. I think on the stuff we're vesting in, like you said, all the trends around cloud and APIs and SaaS, that's accelerated. So all the trends around the new workplace, SaaS companies, collaboration, going cloud, that's accelerated faster. So some of our companies like Kato Networks that does software-defined wide-eyed networks plus cloud security, that's accelerated. They're in this market called Secure Access Service Edge. We've seen kind of a nice tailwind from that. More and more data is going to cloud. So companies like Rockset, that's a database company that you had on theCUBE, they're going to see a benefit from that because more and more data is down in the cloud. Then finally, for the founders we work with, the way they go to market, the way they sell, like no one's flying around selling one-on-one anymore. You're not meeting a CISO, the CIO over a steak dinner or you're not going to a conference anymore. So a lot of our companies are figuring out how to do more online sales, bottom self-adoption, that could be an API, that could be open source, but trying to find kind of a more of a line of business, entry to the company and sell that way versus go to a conference or for a one-on meeting. So it's interesting, everything's moved faster, but then this slight curve ball on how you connect their customer has changed. And so, what's the Darwin line? It's not the strongest that survives, but the most adaptable. So we're seeing the companies and the founders that are most adaptable right now, they're going to thrive. It's interesting, we've always talked about it from a tech standpoint with DevOps and cloud native integration or horizontally scalable. It's been an ethos of value creation. You've talked about moats in the past, but now it's more real life is emerging and becoming immersed into software. And so I want to get your thoughts on this. And we have a phrase here in the CUBE team is that every company will become a media company. It's something that we believe in and you're starting to see that people doing more Zooms, doing more digital events. You mentioned some of the other things. Can you see any other examples where a company has to become blank? Because media is just one element of the new reality. It's just life, right? You've got a broadcast and you got to share your stories and formats, that's media. Is there other areas we're seeing that things that weren't on the radar before with COVID where companies have to become something? Like every company will be blank. Fill in the blank. I would say, you know, it's tried to say one was every company's a data company. People say that for a while. That's more true than ever. Number two, I'll be honest, every company now is a healthcare company, right? Because being health insurance for your employees, that the current pandemic is making the reality of both physical health and emotional health and mental health key for employees. And so if that was a top cost factor for hiring employees, it's gonna be even more important going forward than every company's healthcare company. And thirdly, like you said, every company's a media company. I would say every company is also either one or two things, they're a FinTech company because every company is now going online with their content. They want you to create a one-to-one commercial relationship with their customer, right? That could be ads, could be transaction, could be selling something. So you're now doing business directly with your customer. So every company's a FinTech company. And I would say every company is now also, like you said, a content company, right? It's the media you're creating, but also the data you're taking, the value add on top of the data you're creating and then how you share that back to your customer. So you as an enterprise company or a consumer company, you're collecting data from your users, you're gonna use that data to improve your product. And this could be a SaaS offering, this could be an application, but then take that data through real-time analytics, then make your product better. And so because of that, if you're a data company, real-time data, like our database company mentioned earlier, Rockset becomes more important.  And then if you're a healthcare company, because all your employees are now caring about healthcare, just thinking about how to make communication of healthcare with your employees a lot more efficient and part of the reason why to work for the keyboard and work for a startup is important. So I think those three things are top of mind for all employees and all employers. I think things could change the next six or nine months, but right now I see those three being front and center. It's interesting. I wonder if you can add real estate companies to that because if you look at the work from home dynamic, I've got a friend who was a fellow dad with my son's lacrosse team. He lives in Los Gatos. He's been involved in Google, Tesla, building out their facilities. And he had an interesting guest post on SiliconANGLE and he was saying, it's not just give them some extra pay for their internet access, companies got to rethink the facilities question, right? Because do you pay rent for your employees? Do you provide the VPN, beyond VPN security, for instance? So again, you start to see these new opportunities or challenges open up new thinking. This is going to be a wave of an opportunity. Well, that virtualization between work and home has now been blurred, like you said earlier, John, and so if you're a technology company that enables remote access or distributed access, like Kato Networks, when the portfolio comes in graylock around, you know, a room office, home office, that is now Dioto, right? So I had this conversation with Jay Srinivasan, asked, spoke one of our companies, there's like a Maslow hierarchy for working out and at the base of the Maslow hierarchy is like good internet access, right? That's the how to, they need security, right? Because if you don't have secure access, you can't work. And then you have to have some kind of information management, knowledge management, how to communicate, right? And then collaboration. So you have now this new hierarchy of what is required to work in this new world, but also the tools and the technologies, be it, you know, secure access serves edge like Kato or, you know, IT help desk for all your employees, like, like, as spoke, both of those things become diotone for any remote work, just like video conferencing, we can do this, you know, in the same way 10, 15 years ago, that's become kind of a must have. And so I think it'd be fascinating how we went from the office world where I gave you a laptop or computer or desk to this home office world where maybe you now have to pay for my fancy camera setup and my VPN. Well, certainly getting, you're getting good ROI setup and sure the Greylock will take care of that. Got plenty of dough, big billions of dollars under management. And by the way, Mads Love Hierarchy in our house is ping and internet access. So, yeah, we fight for that ping time. I got 12, I'm like, what's going on? Who's gaming? I got to get the kids off of Twitch, whatnot. But in all seriousness, this is what the reality is. So, now for the average person out there, there's a lot of discussion around mental health.  This speaks to the humanization aspect of what's going on, mental health, social interaction, or social creatures. Collaboration has to be reimagined. What's your view on all this? I think absolutely. Look, humans are social creatures by nature. And I think part of the reason why I had this conversation with my founders early during COVID-19, that it's both a healthcare crisis, it's an economic crisis with all the millions and millions of people unemployed. But it's also an emotional crisis because one, we're not connected with family and friends and loved ones and we're sheltering at home with either ourselves or just a handful of people. And so, we're trying to figure out ways to recreate social connections and that's a phone call, it's a video call, it's these Zoom dinners or Zoom parties is key. I think going out socially just in walks is another thing to kind of play and experience things together. But my two cents is if you're a start right now, it can help connect people work wise or socially, that's just gonna be super critical for the new experience. And I think people are discovering new ways to use technology. So Zoom was never meant to be used the way it is today. I think that's amazing. I think how people think about voice, video and email and chat are changing as well. So I'm finding new ways to play games online with my nieces or communicate with them. And I think as an employer in these companies, like HR software and how you manage and coach and lead your employees is going to change as well. And so you have this world where we're all in one building and think about how you as a CEO or as a leader now can actually coach, develop and enable your employees across the world. I want to get your thoughts on cloud. We've had many conversations around cloud computing. I asked the rise of AWS. I remember one, there was a big Twitter conversation I think about last year where what enabled Amazon? And I think one of the things that came out of it was virtualization enabled them to have all these different servers. What do you see coming out of this virtualization of our lives with the COVID-19 as people start to figure out beyond the triage of stabilization and as they get foundationally set up in COVID, coming out of it companies and people have to have a growth strategy whether it's life or business. People want to come out of this on the upside whether it's emotional or with their business. How do you, what do you see being enabled? What needs to be in place? What kind of scale? What kind of environment? Because this is where I think the entrepreneurs are really going to sharpen their energy on their creativity is looking at the expectations and experience needed coming out of this. It may look completely different than what we were talking about a year ago. What's your thoughts? Well, I think individually people can use this time to improve their skills in different ways, right? So I think as an employee, as a CEO, as a founder you take the time to like invest in new skills and that could be, hey, how do I community collaborate and manage my team remotely? So I think CEOs and founders they can understand how to motivate, educate, train their employees in this new role. Well, those are skills going forward, right? So communication has always been a great skill John for any leader, any founder. It's 10 X more important in this new virtualized work world communication motivation and leading people over remote work is going to be a new skill that people have. Managing remote teams, managing fully distributed teams are half distributed, half headquarters. So understanding how to organize and lead your team in this kind of half in the office, half out of the office world, that's going to be a challenge as well. So any tools, technology and tips there. But I think in terms of the founders that can now hire employees, find customers, sell customers and manage a distributed team, those three things in this new world, even post COVID-19, we're not going back to the way we were. So the ability to actually use skills around email, creating content, Slack, Zoom, video chat, online conferences. What was that video kill the radio star, right? The first MTV video. So COVID-19 and Zoom and video collaboration, what does that do to the old skills of the old founders and what do they enable? So just like TV replace radio as a medium and now there's virtualized roles to replace kind of the medium we had beforehand. So there'll be a new generation of founders and investors coming out of this generation of B for the next 10, 15 years. And I'm excited to be part of that. Yeah, and it's super big opportunity because as those, you have these kind of medium changes, new protocols get developed, new responsibilities and roles emerge, value creation, capture equations change, right? So you're looking at things like online events, for instance, they don't happen anymore. And even when they do come back, they'll probably be hybrid anyway. So you got virtual, hybrid, public. Sounds like a cloud play to me. Public events, hybrid events and private events, I guess. I mean, I mean- Yeah, virtual private events, but it's the same thing holds. Just like cloud internet increased the reach, right? So all of a sudden you can reach a bigger audience than just radio, TV or the newspaper. Now you have these virtualized events, like you said, private events, public events, hybrid events, you as a company or a media property like theCUBE can now reach a larger audience, right? Like it's global, you don't have to be there in person. You're going to have the remote audience as a first class citizen now more than ever. It's just like the internet replacing newspaper and print. People really care about print and newspaper, but really the reach online is or to magnitude larger than print. So all of a sudden you thought more about the print, so the online audience more than print audience. So now going forward, you're going to think about the virtual audience that's remote versus the physical audience. And so you're going to have to create experiences that are world-class for both properties. So just like the cloud, you think about the big three cloud providers, private cloud, as a technology company, you think about all three venues or all three infrastructures as a first class citizen, right? It's not going to be all one cloud, it's not all going to be one note, if you will. So it forces everyone to think not just kind of one path, but multiple paths. So like classic problem is a lot of founders think, okay, I'm going to do an enterprise private cloud strategy only, or I'm going to do a cloud only SaaS strategy. Now founders do both at the same time, I can address the private cloud on-premise business at the same time as the cloud business, and not just one cloud, three or four clouds around the world. So it forces founders to be able to do more things in one time and the ability for a company to attack multiple venues or multiple territories at the same time, they'll be successful. And the days where you and I can just do one cloud or one venue or one audience, those are gone. And so, you know, folks like yourself, John, in which you built here the cube with everyone else, we can reach multiple audiences at the same time. That's going to be very powerful. And we're going to be marketing and doing a lot more online events. Like you said, it's going to be easier to tap into our 7,000 plus alumni to get people together to create great content. And again, content value to remote audience is interesting. So that shifts into the conversation of everyone talks about the remote worker. Well, what about the remote customer, the remote prospect? So this is going to change how companies have to be changed their behaviors. And it's going to be driven by developers because it's not like one app consultant because you got to integrate. You got to have some integration points. So this is the question. Are we moving away from that monolithic SaaS app? Or is it going to be some SaaS apps that need to integrate with others? Will there be an abstraction layer of innovation around it? Because at the end of the day, these new workloads and new apps got to be built. I mean, if you're going to run an event, if I'm a SAP or a big company, I'm not going to rely or may not want to rely on a vendor. In fact, the CEO of SAP said because their site crashed for their event, I'm not going to rely on a third party to run my business event because their business model is the event, not just a supplier selection for a SaaS app. So interesting kind of new surge of online activity might tip the scales for the supplier side. I think you're right, John. I think because now the, just like the IT technology is now your business, you're going to basically do one of two things. One, that the IT technology provider, that much higher or harder. But number two to your point, I think the way you sell and reach companies is going to be through the developers. And yes, you're going to have these large model of SaaS apps before, but almost every SaaS app now has APIs for integration. And so to your point is that integration, the ability to have multiple companies work together and share data and collaborate, that's going to be more important. And so really, you know, at Greylock and myself, I've been like investing in developer led technologies and developer led adoption or API or open source led adoption for seven plus years now. And the truth of the matter is that's going to be even more powerful going forward. Like Naseem Taleb would say that's anti-fragile, right?  So all the big apps like Salesforce, now they're platforms, right? They have APIs that have extensibility. They understand that there's a long, fat tail of solutions needed to build. And all the new startups are doing open source or API led adoption to the understand that's the fastest route to create value for the customer is also the most robust technology stack that a customer can build upon. I think that's super insightful. In fact, that is I think so compelling because if you think about it, that's the formula for great investments from a startup standpoint. But now because of COVID, as you said, everything's been pulled forward and accelerated at the same time. There's a collision. Not all the enterprises are that strong. They're not that developer led. So I think to the point about acceleration, now the enterprises, and we've seen pockets of this with cybersecurity where they have their own, you know, in-house teams, you know, doing a variety of different development. The customers have to be developer led because that's where the value is. So they have to have a supplier with the right stack and integration frameworks. Now the customers who haven't really been developer led have to be developer led. What's your take on that? Absolutely, absolutely true. I mean, like 20 years ago, the CIO of a company used to be the monopoly supplier technology for the company. They decided what hardware to use, what servers, what stores to use, what applications to buy. And then all of a sudden like Amazon came around and said, well, look, here's a set of APIs. Go build what you want. And so the competition for kind of like the centralized decision-making became Amazon. And guess what? CIOs reacted, they got better, they got smarter. And those that embraced kind of like an API developer led adoption became the CIOs you want to have in the company. So I think, you know, CIOs in this cloud mobile era have adopted that philosophy that, look, my job now as a CIO is enable my developers, my employees, which are really the assets of the companies, the people, to have the right tools.  So like I invested in a company recently called Chronosphere. It's an open source technology around metrics and monitoring. So hey, use this open source time series database for monitoring your cloud and build upon that. And they're not going to say, we're going to pick, you know, one large vendor that's monolithic. We're going to say, here's an open source tech company or a cloud API, go build upon that. And the companies that are embracing that philosophy of API led or developer led, John, they're going to be far ahead of the better CIOs of their companies because the rate of digital adoption has just gone, you know, exponential. So we were on this super fast path already. And with quarantine COVID, we've accelerated all that digital transformation. So every brick and mortar retailer now has to be e-commerce retail. So they're making a slow digital transformation to go from brick and mortar stores to online stores. Now, like brick and mortar retail is pretty much not happening and probably won't come back to the same levels for a while. They need to accelerate their move towards digital transformation, right? And it certainly exposes the people who haven't really made those investments because literally action is the mandate now, take action, make those changes, totally want to dig into this developer led vision because I think that's very real. And the new decision's got to be made on what to do. I mean, I'm happy to see the DevOps thinking agile speed become the table stakes. So with that, this week, Google is having their nine week digital event of 200 plus sessions, essentially an asynchronous event. It's going to be sprinkled out that kind of pretty much released the videos, most of them today over the next eight, nine weeks. You're going to see a lot of videos. Google, one of the big three at AWS, Azure, Google, what's your assessment of the horses on the track relative to cloud? Look, I think, you know, I've been talking about this for seven, eight, nine years. When we, you know, I first met it like in the first or second Amazon re-event, what was the forecast? And then we said, well, you know, it's not a winner take all, but right now it's a winner take most. Amazon's clearly the market share leader. Azure, you know, coming up quickly behind the enterprise. Google's a third, but they're doing some smart things around technology. So Google announced a bunch of things today, which I think are very smart. So for example, they announced BigQuery Omni, which is BigQuery that's inquiry, they're kind of data warehouse. You can also query data in private cloud, Azure, Amazon. And so strategically, if you're the number three player, you're going to, you know, push a multi-cloud agenda with BigQuery Omni or Google Anthos, which is kind of a multi-cloud platform. And, you know, for Google, I think it's the right strategy. I also think it's the right strategy for most customers to be multi-cloud because you can't be dependent upon, you know, a single point of failure in your applications. You can't be dependent upon a single cloud as well. So I think the multi-cloud is probably the direction we're headed as cloud matures. And I think Google's making a bunch of the right choices around embracing multi-cloud. And today they made that choice with BigQuery Omni.  I think Amazon's clearly still in the lead and it still, you know, blows my mind and it's continually pressing me what they've done over the past 10 years in terms of proving, you know, the cloud offering and the cloud services up and down the stack. And I think the past, you know, five, six years, what Azure's done has been super impressive in terms of, you know, Microsoft embracing open source, embracing, you know, cloud as ethos against their legacy business of operating systems and servers on premise. They've done a great job embracing the next generation. But I do think looking around the corner, this new developer led, you know, mindset's going to matter, right? So the cloud of tomorrow will be APIs like Stripe for Payments, Twilio for Communication. So I see the next evolution not just being VMs and containers, but also a bunch of cloud services around data security and privacy. And, you know, the cloud vendor can build this next generation of, you know, database APIs or privacy APIs, security APIs, that they're going to be in the catbird seat for the next 10 years and applications are going to be built. And it'll be interesting to your developer led position, our conversation around that. If the developer's going to be leading, is it going to be an abstraction layer across multiple clouds? Or do I have to have my Google developers and my Amazon developers and my Azure developers? How do you see that playing out? Because I do believe developer led is the way. The question is how do you figure out not, how do you avoid forking resources, right? So you might want to have a hand, I get that. But if I'm going to go double down on, say, a cloud, I'm going to go deep. I'm going to hire developers. It's interesting. History would suggest you have multiple teams. Remember, you know, we used to have a Unix team or Sun team inside companies, right?  And, you know, they didn't really work well together and they had kind of two groups in most companies. You know, I think that was an okay way to get started but ultimately, to your point, that was not cost-effective. It also was defeating because now you had to like have two other things. Okay, what was my data backup strategy? Okay, I have a Windows backup strategy and a Unix Solaris backup strategy. So I think we're not going to make the same mistake again, right? I think we're going to have multiple clouds, Amazon, Google, Azure, and then on-premise private cloud. So call it, you know, three, four or five clouds and then you're going to have a set of tools that can abstract away not 100% of the clouds but I think, you know, the best developer tools, the best APIs will be multi-cloud. So I can get 80% or 90% of what I want to be done through this developer-led, you know, layer of APIs, be it databases or analytics and then, you know, 10 to 20% of the code you can write will be able to take care of what's unique to Amazon, what's unique to Azure, what's unique to Google or what's unique to your own private cloud. But I think we're seeing a layer of technology and that's true in all the startups. We're back in true in all the startups I see that lets you get most of the way done with a single platform, single set of technologies and that's what customers want, right? They don't want to create multiple fiefdoms. They want, you know, one set of technologies. They want choice, but the reality is they don't always get it. I want to go through a throwback to 2010 when Paul Merritt set a VM where our first cube, a gig, he said, there's a hard and top, okay? The hard and top was, you don't worry about what's underneath the top, who's going to focus on the top of the stack? That was classic kind of, you know, the stack would develop and you'd had standardization. You mentioned you had Windows teams and Unix teams, but also you could argue that, you know, back then you had Cisco and Wellfleet vendors, but you didn't have two teams of routers.  So you had some standardization. How do you view that? Because you want some standardization to have the interoperability, the SLAs and the security, at the same time you want to have flexibility kind of above what may be called a hard and top. Is there a hard and top in multi-cloud? You know, I'd say there's not, the hard top does exist in the same way. I think in, you know, the back in the day had proprietary technologies, operating systems and, you know, firmware, right? So Windows was closed. A lot of the network operating systems were closed source. Now you can't get away with that. So you have open source technologies today and public APIs. And so the pressure of both, one competition to public APIs that people can read, copy, adjust, three open source and just customer demand not to be locked into a hard top anymore, that's largely going to go away. So I think most of major vendor success will try to kind of more or less lock you in and keep you stuck on their platform, their technology. And that's fine, right? Every successful company should be able to do that. But I think the ability to lock you in through proprietary software operating systems, that's not going to happen anymore. I see through cloud and open source, what we've seen is kind of the interoperability and flexibility is the default. If you can't, you know, meet those needs, customers go other ways. I mean, there'll be proprietary technologies, proprietary extensions along the way, but, you know, 60, 70% of what you want is going to be compatible with most technologies and most clouds. If you're not going to offer choice and freedom to our customers, they'll go elsewhere. Because if you don't offer a flexible solution, John, someone else will. And the customers will choose a more flexible solution. I would agree with you. Outside of latency, which is the laws of physics, value is the lock in. You're creating value. That's really what the customers want. They get to capture that value. Well, Jerry, great to have you on. Love the new setup. We're going to have to make this more of it. We can bring you in on the podcast when we get on the Zooms over the weekend, maybe put a panel together. Let's get Carl Esherbach and some VMware alums to come on, give the perspective what's going on. And I thank you for taking the time and great to see that you're healthy and doing well. Thanks. You too. Thanks, John. Anytime. I love being on theCUBE. So we'll look forward to my next trip. All right, Jerry Chen, great CUBE alumni. Our first interview, oh, nine years ago, he brought that up. That was the second reinvent. Boy, has the world changed and it's only going to accelerate even faster. Everything's changing. New bets are being made. Decisions have to be evolving quickly and faster. If you're not fast, you will be in the pile of dead companies and not making it. Jerry Chen, breaking it down as venture capitalist for Greylock. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. Thanks for watching.


Everybody force here ripping 21 22 prison basketball choice 10 box number 16 tier random team style The results are right here. You'd find in the late in sports cards that come at any time also. Thanks for joining everybody. Good. Look here We go these card. I've pulled I honestly don't know That's tough to say Maybe the Brady one of one kaboom from last year Nope Yeah, it's over KGT wolves, so we're all Kung-Wu Hawks Blue yellow green sons Chris Paul Blazers Larry and Ange junior and Kings rookie Davion Mitchell Cavaliers red choice auto Carlos boozer Hey Chris, how you doing buddy? Boozer there. We got red sons Deandre Aten numbered 77 of 88 and Tiger Paul George Clips nice PG 13 on the tiger We'll do for the first box right there. Let's see some big rippies now What's the worst card I've ever pulled? Sand would say that Joe Burrow card. We had silver pistons Jeremy Grant Silver spurs of a cell blue yellow green Mavericks Tim Hardaway, Jr More of those we've got a blade griffin nets and want this kind of Anderson warriors rookie Lakers on the red choice auto Lamar Odom Yeah, I did rip a really bad box of elite for Chris and chat. That's probably the worst Okay, red blue purple off-centered Bismarck beyond Bo Hornets 1 of 15 off-center left right there and Spurs Thaddeus young red choice 58 of 88 We were talking about that earlier Bexcon. We're talking about the Tom Brady sand earlier Chris, are you the one selling the Tom Brady sand on eBay? Genius idea by the way Because you know someone's gonna buy that Silver magic Cole Anthony Silver rookie Spurs Joshua primo. They better get the government of all to protect that beach now Because People are gonna be just digging the whole beach up sell it on eBay Conservationist out there or something Blue yellow greens warriors Clay Thompson Mavericks Jalen Brunson and wizards Rui Hachimora Link for the next NBA break. It's gonna be tomorrow that has spots available But you can look at the schedule right here. All breaks are sold out tonight So what 80 for Brady tickets? Rookie Auto Cavs Evan Mobley red choice They go Cleveland a great hit there Cavs gonna be Nicholas s Magic up on the T-wolves at halftime. There you go.  This one is off-center top bottom and left right 26 of 88 Yeah, how many Academy Awards was 80 for Brady nominated for 80 I would assume 80. That's a good answer Donny Got silver Darius basely thunder silver shake milton 76ers Blue yellow greens now yoke itch nuggets How many do the yellow pistons and Evan Mobley Cavaliers Cavs having a nice little break here so far There's three handful of boxes Sancti Aldema Grizzly's rookie red choice auto nice Aldema print line right across the top there Green choice wizards Denny FDA six of eight And a red bobby board is bucks 60 of 88 Uh didn't make it in time darn Yeah, I gotta start watching more Oscar nominated movies And I'll always have to wonder why the batman did he get nominated for more? That's pretty good. The batman's really good But as far as like score, I don't try to get nominated for like score like Like like effects and stuff like that silver hardening for the Nets Gafford for the wizards But there's always some weird Movie that the academy likes a lot more for whatever stupid reason whatever political reason they like it for not actual political But like the studio politics that kind of stuff uh bowls Patrick Williams Nets Kevin Durant and Bucks Ray Allen on blue yellow green. That's a great movie Thunder red choice auto josh giddy sensational signatures giddy up She has his uh bigger auto there Dude the other guys is amazing. Love that movie Love that movie Blue choice wizards Kyle kuzma numbered seven of 39 Wonder if he'll get traded He's having a good year though and Grizzly's jaren jackson jr. Red 30 of 88 The other guys is so good a desk pop donny was last time we did a desk pop never Never done a desk pop Oh man, we're trying to get me with that one day in the chat silver mozzard ride rookie nicks Pelican Zion Williamson silver blue yellow green Nets Joe Harris Pelicans Najee Marshall and blazers rookie greg brown the third Rockets one of eight green choice rookie sensational signatures josh christopher. There we go rockets now green choice auto Christopher pretty solid Timberwolves red Malik Beasley And bird 11 of 88. Oh look at that A blue Malik Beasley seven of 38 You know T wolves Michael Kean is hilarious and the other guys. He's really good at it. Michael Keaton's just a just he's just funny though good comedic actor silver montae morris nuggets Isaiah Roby for the thunder blue yellow green maxi clever mavericks Kendrick nun lakers Paul pierce celtics Bucks red choice auto oscar robertson the big. Oh Nice blue for the mavericks luka donchich There he is man 13 of 39 Alvin s there you go. That's an awesome luka red dominique wilkins one of 88 for atlanta Line of the ocean Dude that whole little rant is just is hilarious He does The whole little like lion monologue thing silver robert williams the third celtics out print shen good rookie rockets blue yellow green mill sap nets kyle anderson grizzlies out print shen good rookie rockets Kings rookie red choice. I don't need me as kita He with a red jimmy butler 14 of 88 and a celtics red Dennis shrewder 59 of 88 Last two come on. We need some big cards here Got some solid autos a lot a lot of big parallels though silver covington blazers silver lopez magic robin lopez Blue yellow green nuggets montes morris nuggets michael porter jr and dallas steve nash Spurs red choice rookie auto josh oprimo There you go sixers tyrese maxi 12 of 39 in the blue color match Second year tyrese maxi And red for the mavericks dorian finney smith 23 of 88 silver rookie marcus zagrowski Nets silver kairi erving nets Great teammate right there blue yellow green treyong hawks norman power blazers and dominique wilkins hawks jazzjared butler rookie red choice auto Spurs rookie blue josh oprimo 24 39 And palikin's on the back with a red zion williams in 13 of 88 Nice zion. All right auto recap here Pretty short break if you want to see all the parallels you just have to go back and rewatch it do an auto recap though Red choice autos jazzjared butler spurs josh oprimo king's namey eskita Bucks oscar robertson grizzly santi aldema lakers lemar odum Cavaliers carlos boozer green to eight josh christopher rockets one of eight And we had a red giddy with a thunder and a red mobly with the calves Thanks again everybody for joining iMac is up next


Dorian, we've missed you these last two games. How are you doing and how is the ankle? It's rough, like sitting, but I got to take care of myself. It's just one of those injuries when you hurt your ankle and it's weak, so it's kind of easy for you to turn it again. And that's what happened. It'd been like these last few days, just the recovery process and kind of where you are on your timeline right now? I just started running a little bit today. So it's a process, but I'm ready to get out there and play.  Can we see you? Can we expect to see you tomorrow night against the Sixers? No, like I said, I just started getting on the court. So it's going to be a process, but it won't keep me out that long.  What did you feel exactly when that play happened? It just was awkward. I kind of slammed on my ankle and I knew something was off, but I think like three possessions then went by. And it was one of those funny deals where we're waiting on a timeout to come, any dead ball to happen. So I knew won't nobody going to burn a timeout. So I was just trying to get to the next timeout, but also try to win those possessions I was in. So I didn't move much, but I think I still could test it a shot while I was limping up and down.  Me as for a sub wasn't for my ankles because I was a little tired. I asked for a sub before I hurt my ankle. And like I said, it was one of those moments in the game where both teams tired. And I think we was like three or four transition players. I think we scored once, Cam got the layup, but it was just a weird situation because I think no timeout was called yet and we just felt like a track meet. But it was that play where you made that block and fell. That's where it happened. That was the play. Aside from obviously being disappointed, you missed the next game. What did you see from the bench with Ben's return? He expected to play tomorrow. Man, he played with the team, came out with a lot of energy. Ben burned that energy. Playing with Ben, you know you got to get out of the run. That's what happened. Playing with somebody like that who's a fast break when every time he touched the ball, no guy's running. If I'm playing with Ben, I'm for sure going to be running to the corner hard trying to get a shot. Because he's going to give it to you and he's going to be yelling at you if you don't shoot it. And Pace has been in emphasis all year whether he's in the lineup or not. But what does it do to have, I mean, it seems like he really organized transition offense and kind of guys were more clear, full in lanes and just a plan of attack and transition a little that way. You just get guys more open looks. I feel like McKell got a bunch of those looks too. We got a lot more transition threes. I feel like he's been shooting a lot more threes. I'm a bro on the court. Like I said, it gives our offense a chance to play against not set defense and that's an advantage for us. Are you going forward, I guess, what's, I guess are they giving you like a prognosis on how long this could be or anything for you? No, they just, we're going to shoot for Monday and see how it looks. But just try to get out there and win some games, man. We're trying to steal some games before the break. That's usually the times where a team either ready for break or in a situation trying to steal these games. Do you feel like defensively because of the strides you guys made that can kind of help a little bit? Because it seems like even though the wins didn't come, defensively you guys made improvements that even guy can carry over in February? Sure, you got to look at the positives. Like I said, we've been guarding a lot better.  But no injuries is part of the game. But like you said, we've been playing a lot better on the end of the court and we just got to keep building on it. How are you feeling ahead of the trade deadline now? Less than a week away. Is it hard to block out those thoughts, especially as you're not playing? It's a different time. I would say back in the day, it was easier because everybody didn't have social media. But now that my kids, my daughter got social media and stuff like that, so it's hard not to hear about it, but it's what comes with this time of the year. Despite a rough stretch, it seems like, I mean, when we're here for shoot-round and practice, it seems like the vibes are still up, like guys laughing in the good mood. Are you guys still excited to come and work? Come on, man. We play basketball, man. So we're doing what we love. We got to appreciate everything. Like I said, this is what comes with it. I've been on a bunch of teams where the teams look different after all-star break and also been on teams where they look the same after all-star break.  Will you travel to Philadelphia for the game? I'll be in Philly, man. Searching for a cheese steak. It's been a year since you got traded here. What are your impressions of the city and living here and what kind of have you gotten to know your surroundings? I love New York now, man. At first, I was cooped up in the hotel. I'm a country guy, so it was a little overwhelming last year, but I tried to embrace it this year. Now I just need some sun. Let me get some sun and I'll be happy. Is there a cheese steak spot you like in Philly or just got to find one? Lonnie said he's going to take me somewhere, you know, so I'm going to just listen to whatever he tells me. Hey, Delessandro's. I had Delessandro's, but Lonnie said I don't know Philly, so I'm just listening to him. All right, so man, this year, that spot, what are you guys...


Important note about mid-journey negative prompting, or in other words, telling mid-journey what you don't want in the image is this. The more clear you are about what you do want in the image, the less you need to tell mid-journey what you don't want.  The reason is because when you tell mid-journey what you don't want, what is it doing? It's taking those words, those key words of what you don't want, and looking at its own database and disregarding all of the images in the database that have those words as key words or tags of those images. So you're basically disregarding possibly millions of images to be considered in the creation of your image, which then makes mid-journey have a very small database and it may come up really weird. So let me go ahead and show you on the screen what I mean. As I said in the other video above, I was trying to play around with what if I can create a beach. I just tell mid-journey beach, but I don't want sand or water or da, da, da, da. Okay, so let me show you what happens when I do that. I'm going to go and share my screen right now. All right, so what you can see on the screen is when I said I just want a beach. This is what I do want, right? What I do want. That's all I said. Just a beach. But then this is the negative prompt, right? Remember, you can add in various ideas. It could even be multiple. It doesn't even just be one word. It could be two words, three words or whatever. But then you separate additional things you don't want with commas, right? I don't want all of these things. You know, definitely don't want them negative .999. And look what it comes out as. I'll just show you. I'll just look kind of look more closely here. What is that? I don't understand why these three things have to do with beach. My guess is that maybe mid-journey given that I disregarded so many things. It's pulling from certain modern works of art. Maybe art works that somehow have the beach, the keyword beach, a tag to it in some weird way. Maybe it's maybe the artist's name is beach or whatever. I don't know. And this is the only one that's hinting at a beach. It looks like a beach without, guess what, without any sand, red, it does have blue, right? This is kind of gray, blueish. Didn't do a great job there, but it was doing its very best. I also tried it again over here without commas. Just sand, red, blue, cows, beach, buildings. It didn't do as good of a job because you could see blue here, blue here. Again, these are not beaches, but maybe some kind of artists or some other collection with tag with the word beach in it for some reason. So not a good idea. All right, well, how do you do it right? As I said, if you add in more of what you want, describe that more clearly. And then, so I want to thank Mara and Gregory, you know, Gregory, Vahanian and Mara kind of collaborated on this idea together. So this is the prompt. California, gravel, beach, sunset. That's four words instead of my one word of just beach, right? So it's pulling from much more of the database because it's got four words and then the no sand. Remember, the negative prompt can either be the fancy way that I do it, which is, you know, double, sorry, double colon at the end with negative 0.999 or it can simply be dash, dash, no, and then whatever, whatever you don't want separated by commas. The only drawback of that dash, dash, no, is that it's essentially a negative 0.5. So it only decreases the possibility of it by 50%, whereas I'm decreasing the possibility here by 99.9%. But however, like I said, if you describe what you want really well, okay, or better, then it will do its, then it will do a pretty good job of taking out what you don't want, even just with the no command instead of the fancy way that I do it. There's a little bit of sand here, but it's mostly beachless sand, right? So good job on on doing this, Mara and Gregory, and I hope this is helpful for everybody watching this. Thanks.


Yeah, yeah, but this is what I was gonna say. I was real tight with Lil' Fat and J-Money. Okay, J-Money my dog right now But I'm just saying like I was real tight with them like out of anybody. I was on the road I mean GZ type me in two chains type me in future type, but I'm saying I was J-Money and Lil' Fat Do my do my niggas. So what I'm saying is this will happen? Three days before that J-Money had got shot nine times. Wow Yeah, Lil' Fat man. He passed on didn't he? Mm-hmm How was that for you being that you were so connected to him? That was hard break because I remember when it happened I didn't really know like like I knew he was in Atlanta. You was in Atlanta at the time I had just left Atlanta. Okay, so just break down to me. What what that day for you? That day that day you heard about it That's damn What's that? That's like probably like June 7th. Mm-hmm.  You didn't have anything. Yeah, so now you've been around these people You've been around the dad you've been around the son the friends the whole camp And so now you got to respond to that my homeboy that left Dallas with me got killed got out the car the next day He would did got shot got actually Stabbed and by his own uncle and then shot and threw up throughout at the church And I came back he was a twin brother the next day and I had to come back because his gun was left in my car We were hustling together. So what I'm saying is I'd never forget that day I had to go take his twin brother that gun because he was heated and he was like man My brother had gone man. Where's the gun? I said I'm gonna bring it back to you It's like this though In Atlanta at the time Scooting at the time like I told you I was lit Yeah, so when I got around webbing them that ain't really where I got my money and my come-up from okay I was already going going okay, but I helped they situation. Yeah, yeah, because they situation kind of was on the Down spiral at the time. Yeah, boosted just went to jail. Yeah, it was on So when I came around it was I brought it up, but what I'm saying is I Didn't even really get the money from over there.  I was already in the mix, but I'm saying I learned how to make money Exactly. I mean I learned how to make money for what I was doing and male help that part Yeah, because I was just around Niggas with money and they make it moves.   I'm I'm I'm just I was and then the police pulled me over I'm about to get in the whole shootout with the police like it was just a whole rough day Though because I was already mentally gone. So yeah, yeah, but this what I was going to say I was real tight with a little fat and Jay money. Okay, Jay money in my dog right now Okay, but I'm just saying like I was real tight with them like out of anybody. I was on the road I mean GZ type me and to change type me and future type, but I'm saying I was Jay money and little fat Do my do my niggas. So what I'm saying is this will happen?    You feel me?  Yeah, I'm from Little Rock I got real blood homies dying too at that time.  My brother had just got robbed by one of my close friends I want to kill him you feel me like at that time like that's what it was going on like in my mind You feel me?    You feel me like I crashed out. I did the most But are you still here?  I've been through bro. I'll be like here. Yeah, I'm with it Yeah, I'm here. So I just know that why you want to turn around and now motivate people through what you do No, no, I don't even be tripping about just motivating people.   So I was like that's what I'm saying about it I was glad that it turned to something positive like yeah, we on boss talk


Hello and welcome to a summary of all you need to know about the poem My Last Duchess by Robert Browning. I'll explain the meaning related to this poem as it appears in part 3 of the Pearson-Edexcel International GCSE anthology. Now, do bear in mind that, in contrast to part 1 of the anthology which featured only non-fiction texts, and part 2, which was a mix of fiction and short stories and poems, part 3 of this anthology exclusively features poems alone. So in this video, I'll highlight key language and literary devices used in this poem, and you'll learn how to analyse it. So let's get started. Now what I'll do is I will read through bits of this poem and stop every so often to point out important literary techniques. So let's begin. Ferrara That's My Last Duchess painted on the wall, looking as if she were alive. I'll call that piece a wander now. Fra Pandor's hands worked busily a day and there she stands. Well, please you sit and look at her. I said, Fra Pandor by design. For never read Strangers Like You, that pictured countenance, the depth and passion of its endless glance, but to myself they turned since none puts by. Now I'll stop there initially. So the title is really, really interesting because essentially what this does is it highlights and shows us that this poem is about the Duke's previous wife. Now, who is the Duke? This is shown in the title or the subheading Ferrara. Now bear in mind that Ferrara is an Italian province. Now contextually the Duke that's been talked about and alluded to by Robert Browning is Duke Alfonso of Ferrara, whose first wife Lucrezia de Medici, the Duchess of Ferrara, died under very suspicious circumstances and many believe that he actually poisoned her. Now this poem is written as a dramatic monologue. So in terms of its structure, it's written as one whole stanza. And essentially what this dramatic monologue is, is this Duke essentially confessing, not showing any type of guilt or remorse, but confessing to killing his last Duchess. So in line number one, he begins, that's my last Duchess painted on the wall. Now here, this repetition and reference to my last Duchess refers to this Duchess who's going to frame what he's going to talk about in the poem. Now the use of the possessive pronoun, my, shows that already from the outset, the speaker, the Duke, sees the Duchess as a possession that he owns and only he has the power to show her off to different people. Now he then mentions in line two, looking as if she were alive. Now this similar is very ominous and this simulates quite powerful because we sense already from the outset that this Duchess might be dead. Now the caesura here after alive gives us pause for thought again, further emphasising whether that this woman might be dead. Moreover, he mentions, I call and there's enjambement here and following on in the next line, there's enjambement. And what this does, enjambement generally in a poem is it speeds up the pace of the poem. So the speaker, the Duke is speaking without pause. He's just speaking really, really rapidly. Now he references Fra Pandolf and what he's doing here is he's referring to a painter and Fra Pandolf is allegedly the painter who painted the Duchess. However, do bear in mind that Fra Pandolf actually never existed. He's a fictional character. But the Duke of Alfonso and the Duchess of Ferrara, the crazy to the Medici, they did actually exist. Now in line five, he asks, well, please you sit and look at her. Now the rhetorical question here is actually not really a question. It's more of a demand. The Duke realises and recognises that he has the power over who can see and admire her beauty and the person that he's speaking to, who we don't know as yet.  Now in line six, he mentions again, Fra Pandolf by design and the repetition of Fra Pandolf shows the Duke's arrogance. He wants to show off how important he is that such a famous painter painted his Duchess. Now in the following line, he alludes to strangers like you. So what this is showing is that the person that the Duke is speaking to is a guest that aren't really well acquainted. However, he's carelessly talking about his Duchess and he's showing her off to this person. Now he refers to the depth and passion of its earnest glance. Now what this is doing is describing the real beauty and innocent appearance of this Duchess that of course captivated the Duke. Now he then emphasises in parenthesis since none puts by which I'm going to develop. So he mentions within the parenthesis since none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you but I and he closes the brackets here. However, I'm going to continue. And seemed as they would ask me if they durst how such a glance came there. So, not the first for you to turn and ask thus. Sir, it was not her husband's presence only that called that spot of joy into the Duchess's cheek. Perhaps Fra Pandolf chance to say her mantle laps over my lady's wrist too much or a painter must never hope to reproduce the faint half-flush that dyes along her throat. Such stuff was courtesy she thought and cause enough for calling up that spot of joy. She had a heart how shall I say too soon made glad to easily impress she liked whatever she looked on and her looks went everywhere. So as I mentioned he's opened the brackets above and then there's the closing of the brackets. Now within the parenthesis he talks about the curtain. Now what this shows is the Duke completely controls who can and can't see the Duchess. Now when the bracket is closed here by Robert Browning the end of this parenthesis what this does is that it's emphasising how the Duke relishes his power so within the parenthesis he refers to the curtain he can control who can see the beauty of the Duchess and the fact that it's encapsulated within these parenthesis shows that the Duke really really loves the power that he has over the Duchess. Then he says they seem to ask me if they durst if they dare and what this shows is that the Duke enjoys how fearful people are to ask him about her. Now he references how such a glance, now this intensifier such emphasises her beauty, the Duchess's beauty and how captivating her glance is especially in this image. Moreover he then refers to are you to turn and ask thus. Now here this is quite ironic because the guest has not asked anything which shows how deluded the Duke is. He continues her husband's presence. Now the alliteration here shows a glimmer of his irritation. He's now starting to build the case up for why he became really really angry at the Duchess's. Now he says it wasn't only his presence that called that spot of joy. Now here he's using a metaphor to emphasise the Duchess's blushing and how pretty and how beautiful she looks when she blushes. However he's showing his annoyance because he's saying that she wouldn't blush and show maybe some kind of happiness and pleasure. Only in his presence should smile and blush even in other people's presence which of course irritates him. Moreover he would then he gives an example for a pandoff chance to say her mantle laps over my lady's wrist too much. Now mantle is a medieval robe and his reference to for a pandoff's words her mantle laps over my lady's wrist too much. What the Duke is showing is that the painter basically made a simple comment that her robe covers her wrist too much which caused the Duchess to blush. Now what the Duke is showing is just how easily the Duchess was moved by other people which really irritated him. Moreover in line 19 he references the half flush that dies. Now this is wordplay because it has a double meaning. On the one hand it's showing the Duke illustrating how for a pandoff said he can't reproduce her beautiful blush in the image that he's painting. However the color that dies along her throat this is a different meaning as well and it's alluding to death and especially death by strangulation. So already the Duke is hinting at the future death of this woman. Moreover the reference to her throat this has very ominous connotations of strangulation being killed through strangulation. Now the sibilant such stuff shows the Duke's growing irritation. Again he's building a case for why he did end up eventually having his wife killed. Now in line 20 the reference to courtesy and cause and in line 21 calling up that spot of joy. The litteration here shows the Duke's growing sense of anger. Moreover again there's the spot of joy mentioned for calling up that spot of joy. Now what this is showing again is the Duke is a revealing to guess that the Duchess was way too friendly to everyone which really irritated him. Now the repetition of she the third person pronoun shows that the Duke is obsessed with controlling his Duchess. Furthermore he states she had a heart how shall I say. Now the parenthesis here the brackets shows how the Duke is really carefully choosing his words to really justify what he's going to do to the Duchess. Furthermore the repetition of the intensifies too soon made glad to easily impress what this is showing is that he found a lot of fault within this Duchess's behaviour. Moreover the rhetorical question how shall I say. Now what this shows is that he's really furious. The Duchess did not reserve her emotions exclusively to him. Furthermore he states her looks went everywhere. Now what this shows is that he's been quite condescending and almost even stating that she was not faithful to him just because she'd be kind to everybody else she'd blush at the gestures that other people showed her. So let's continue. Sir it was all one. My favourite at her breast the drooping of the daylight in the west the bough cherry some officious fall broken the orchard for her the white mule she rode around the terrace all in each would draw from her a like that proving speech or blush at least. She thanked men good but thanked somehow I know not how as if she ranked my gift of a 900 years old name with anybody's gift.  Now in this part of his monologue he's showing his increasing anger and annoyance and also he's showing his arrogance. He's stating essentially that he became really really angry at her because she basically treated him who comes from a long lineage of very important people the same way that she would treat other people who he sees who the Duke sees as very ordinary. Now here when he states Sir it was all one. This exclamatory sentence shows the Duke's exasperation and irritation. Moreover he states my favourite at her breast he essentially is saying here that he would do whatever the Duchess wanted.  Isn't that just what all women want?  Now he then states the dropping of the daylight. Now the alliteration here shows that she was too easily pleased by what he saw as minor irrelevant such as the changing of the day to night. This he saw as not cause enough for her to blush and to be happy. Moreover the reference to the bow of cherries then the orchard then the terrace the semantic field of nature shows that the Duchess was actually quite innocent very simple and she treated everybody the same. Moreover the Duke talks about the officious fall and this shows us that he's very condescending towards others because he sees himself as so superior. Now in line 29 he states all in each would draw from her a light their proving speech between line 29 and line 30. Now this shows that the Duchess essentially treated everyone both commoners and royalty the same way. Something we would see is actually quite admirable for someone who's powerful. Actually the Duke looks down on this kind of treatment. Furthermore he states this would also trigger a blush in her. Now this once more is an indirect reference back to half flush in line 19. Now the Duchess thanked men but thanked somehow. Now the repetition of thanks shows the Duchess was actually quite polite but the Duke saw this as a shortcoming. Moreover the caesura or rather the parenthesis here shows that the Duke is pausing to emphasize his anger. Furthermore he's referenced to my gift of a 900 years old name. This shows just how pompous the Duke is. He believes he's of a superior pedigree based on his family and social rank. Then he questions who stooped to blame this sort of trifling. Now stoop means to lower and essentially the Duke is asking who would bother denouncing this behavior. Furthermore the reference to this sort of trifling, this rhetorical question is essentially the Duke's way of really building up his case to show how perfectly justified he is in his actions. Furthermore the parenthesis which I have not in speech this shows that he's trying to be deliberately self-deprecating but it's not really working. He really is quite full of himself and he thinks very highly of himself. So let's carry on. Or there exceed the mark. And if she let herself be lessened so nor plainly set her wits to yours for soothe and made excuse even then would be some stooping and I choose never to stoop. Also she smiled no doubt whenever I passed her. But who passed without much the same smile? The screw? I gave commands then all smiles stopped together. There she stands as if alive. What please your eyes? We'll meet the company below then I'll repeat the count. Your master's no munificence. Now here he refers to if he were to perhaps turn around and state he's not really happy and if she let herself be lessened so it's now in 939-40. Now the sibilant sounds here she herself lessened so what the sibilant sounds suggest is that the Duke felt the Duchess was quite insolent and she didn't listen and she was very hard to control. Then he states I choose never to stoop. Now what this shows us is the Duke has a very fragile ego who's keen to show that he's above asking the Duchess to change her behaviour as he sees this as a sign of weakness. Moreover he refers to how she smiled. Oh sir she smiled and the sibilant's here shows he's annoyed. She smiled at him in the same way as she smiled to everybody else. Furthermore he asks who passed without much the same smile? Again this rhetorical question further builds up his case. She's almost in his eyes cheating on him because she treats everybody in the same way. Then he confesses this screw I gave commands. Now the syndeton here reveals he ordered her execution and then all smiles stopped together. Now this euphemism and the sibilant's us used here is quite ominous. This shows the very sinister side to the Duke. He's built up his case and now he feels really justified in revealing that actually this was cause enough to kill her. Then after that confession he states there she stands as if alive. Now this simile repeats and reflects the simile in line two but now it's far more sinister. It's come into full circle we now realise she looks as if she were alive because she is dead and it's because the Duke had ordered her death. Then he asks what pleas do you rise? Now this rhetorical question again is an order. He almost moves on after he's confessed this killing. Now here he refers to the count your master. Now we learn through this that the listener who the Duke has been confessing this killing to of his previous wife was actually sent by the count to arrange a new marriage really really chilling because what this shows us is that the Duke maybe perhaps the next wife is going to receive the same treatment she's going to be killed but equally this shows just how lightly the Duke holds killing this Duchess. Moreover the reference to munificence means generosity so he's essentially thanking the guest but just how generous his boss is the count for agreeing to his upcoming marriage. So let's continue. There's ample warrant that no just pretends for mindful dowry will be disallowed though his fed daughter's self as I've vowed that starting is my object. Nay. We'll go together down sir. Notice Neptune though. Taming a seahorse, thought rarity which claws of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me. Now this final part of the stanza of this dramatic monologue firstly as I mentioned he's talking to about dowry. Dowry is the payment that traditionally men used to pay in exchange for marrying a woman and this comes from Victorian customs whereby women were seen as property and the properties of their father therefore men would have to pay dowry to buy this property of their father. Now his reference to dowry which will be disallowed this alliteration is quite alarming because essentially we learn here that the Duke is arranging payment for his next marriage. Moreover he alludes to the Count's fair daughter's self now the reference to her being fair shows that he believes that the Count's daughter is quite beautiful so he's looking forward to this new marriage. Moreover he states that starting is my object now the mention my object shows that the Duke already sees his new wife as a done deal and she's yet another possession to add to his vast collection of possessions. Then he switches topic he states notice Neptune though now the alliteration here shows that the Duke is casually changing topic from talking about killing his previous wife to talking about his upcoming marriage and now he's showing off yet another possession. The reference to Neptune taming a seahorse now this sculpture which depicts him taming a seahorse reinforces the Duke's wish to control and dominate women which reflects the Duke's own wish to have controlled that previous Duchess and he ultimately exercises control by killing her. Furthermore he does another form of name dropping close of Innsbruck again this is a fictional sculpture however what this is showing is that the Duke is showing off the exclusivity of his possessions and how just only important people create all of these possessions for him. Furthermore the exclamatory sentence this final exclamatory sentence shows just how pompous the Duke is he has a great amount of ego and he's extremely vain. So that's all if you found this video useful do note that we have an in-depth extensive course covering all the texts and poems in Parts 1, 2 and 3 of the Pearson, Edexcel International GCSE anthology so make sure you sign up for this course for explanations on all the texts as well as model answers but also check out our website which is www.firstreetteachers.com where you'll find plenty of English revision worksheets model answers and online courses covering all the major English syllabuses including Edexcel, AQA and IGCSE Thanks so much for watching


Hey everybody, this is Brian. Welcome to the 120th tutorial with cute and C++ programming. Wow 120 of these things Gonna not do a lot of typing in this tutorial because I'm very tired.  I Work as a server administrator network administrator for a company. I'm not actually a programmer That's not true. I've been a programmer most of my life, but my bread and butter comes from babysitting a network Where I live for whatever reason there's not a lot of computer jobs and the ones that are just real low-pay and you don't want them anyways, um The we had a water pipe break in the server room and the entire building flooded So we've just been ripping out drywall and having a good old time while running a business on top of it so Wanted to do a quick tutorial, but I don't have time to do it over and over and over and over again a lot of times when I Do a video it takes me, you know, eight nine ten tries to actually get it right And I just don't have the patience for video editing software. I just don't so anyways today I Kind of wanted to point out that we have broken the 3.5 million views and 22,758 subscribers. That's a Lot more than I ever expected I started doing these videos for my daughter who completely lost interest in everything except for Facebook and all the things that teenage girls like I still program and I'm working on a few projects So if I had a dollar for every one of those views or even for one of your one of those subscribers What would I do with it? I'm glad you asked. I would put it into my website void realms.com You know complete sales pitch here you can find the complete source code for all the tutorials Including this one, which I'll be uploading here soon So you can head out there and click on tutorials and then choose the language in the search for whatever you're looking for So if you wanted like, I don't know a ES encryption. Well, I thought I had that Encrypt Yeah, there we go. How to encrypt sometimes. I'm not very good at filling in the The descriptions but you get it This tutorial would be talking about singleton patterns Which is where you create one class and you guarantee to only have one instance of that class running at any given time It's part of the plug-in bot.net project. Be sure to visit plug-in bot.net It's my newest pet project and this code is coming directly out of that project. So Let's just jump right in first off. Why do you need this? Why would you ever want one instance of your class? Give an example here. We've got a simple program and you can see here's our main function We've got in test age and consumer age and they're just very simple classes. Here's test You have a static Function that does something literally called do something and there are many reasons to use a static method But if you skipped your C++ primer Static method exists without the class meaning you don't actually need an instance of this class in order to execute this code Hmm And we also have a signal now the problem is we want to call this signal from within that static object And so we here we have it Tests do something remember this is static and we're meeting a signal What happens if we try to build this? boom Cannot call member Test signal without object. So we actually actually create an instance of this object. The problem is It's a static method so it exists without an object exists separately from the object or any instance of the object Hmm, so how do we actually call that? Well, you could try calling it as a normal function But you're gonna get pretty much same thing need an object So we're gonna get around that comment this out I Pulled the singleton class from the plug-in bot net project thought I'd share this. I actually Didn't really write this class. I think I borrowed heavily from somebody out on the net So this is your class. Hey, let me know. I forgot who you are But I think I read your tutorial somewhere and this came in very handy So I wanted to show other people how to use it. I'll give you kudos out on the YouTube page I did rewrite parts of this to suit my needs. But anyways, you're going to First include a cert H and Then we're gonna make a template now If you skipped your C++ lectures on templating you should pay attention because it's gonna be very important a Template is well a template. They kept it pretty simple meaning you can throw anything you want you can throw a string and integer Whatever, we're just saying a class and it'll be a variable called T Just we could call it fuzzy bunny slippers if we wanted to but T is the standard the class is singleton and You can see whoopsie Outside of our class. We have a template. We'll get to that in a second So in here, we have one public static function called instance where we're saying pointer to T that class If there's no instance, which is just a static, you know pointer to a variable Then create a new one. This is templating seeing that class is gonna be replaced by here So if we used a I don't know a test H class will actually be converted to test It's the same thing as saying new test All right, so then we're going to assert hence the assert.h We're gonna assert that is not null and then return the object So what we're saying is if it already exists, it's gonna skip this line And she's gonna make sure it's not null and return it if it doesn't exist It's gonna create a new instance assert it and then return it Like I said, I'm tired so I'm fighting to stay awake here all right now we've got our constructor and deconstructor and then we've got a copy constructor and a operator overload I can write a FTP server from scratch But I still try to wrap my head around operator overloading. I just for whatever reason it just It haunts my dreams all right now basically all we're saying is Make a car if we are making a copy of it, then just you know use the reference Otherwise if it's equal, then we're using the reference I'm sure I'll get a million emails saying that's not how that works. I look forward to those emails Then we're making a template and we're saying the class T. Here's our template Point or two singleton of the template and then we're returning the instance variable and it's Initialized as null That's a mouthful. So how do we make this thing work and what do we need it for? Remember our original problem is we have a static method for whatever reason you want to use a static method And we want to admit a signal from that static method In our consumer class. Let's actually go here We've got a slot which matches the signature test signal So we need to line these up here First thing we're going to do is go into test and we're going to say include singleton.h Now outside of our class here We want to create what's called a type tough in the global namespace If you fell asleep during your c++ class, don't worry. I did too Um type def is just short for type definition meaning you're creating a new definition here We're going to call it singleton And we're this is a template. So we're going to use the test class If you remember from the singleton, it's looking for a class So we're going to give it a class test And we're going to call it tester So we have a type def which is this Called tester out on the global namespace. Now if we want to simplify that we have a variable On the global namespace called tester And the variable is just a singleton of test. You've done this before with like q-list Where you've done a q-list of q strings That's really all it is No real magic in the background now because that's on the global namespace. We can do some interesting things here personally and professionally Bad things happen when you make a global variable. Let's actually call it a global variable Because you're cluttering the global area You have all this junk flying around and it's hard to track. So it's It's bad design to do that, but sometimes it's necessary and this is one of those instances So In our test class we've got that and We've still got this we're going to fix that in a second, but I just wanted you to be aware This is the problem Creating something without an object now in the consumer class We're going to actually say Let's see here Sorry, I'm kind of zoning out. I told you I'm kind of tired here We're going to connect our signals and slots Now how are we going to do that when we don't have an object? Oh contrary, we do remember We made it out in the whoopsie The global namespace, but we have to include it here No, I don't want terminal IO. That won't help us. I want test I keep having that phrase in my head water water everywhere not a drop to drink. So notice how in the Tester and we use the namespace We get instance, which is a pointer to test meaning the instance that we're guaranteed to get That's our singleton pattern right there. Now our test signal Connected to this slot test signal Should call that test slot. Let's actually do that just for for giggles I'll have to go in here and fix this real quick And of course in here and fix this real quick. So that way it reads a little better. So we're connecting the pointer to the test class in memory called tester And we're connecting it to all the consumer on the test slot So when this is called we'll debug. Yeah Nothing's going to happen if we run this because we've got this commented out. Let's give it a build now Just for reference if we try to run this Still need an object. So how do we get around this? simple tester instance And we're going to say test signal When you call a signal Cute treats it as a normal function, but it does some magic in the background and actually emits it for you Amit just tells it. Hey look for this signal So we're just going to call that There's no need to actually say Inmit I'm not even sure if that would work, but we could try it So when we call this we're going to say tester our global variable We're going to get the current instance, which if you remember from our single pattern here singleton pattern here We're just saying get the variable that's out in Any static area? Static is kind of a weird area. It puts it Kind of like out on the global would not really it's kind of kind of shifty There have been some debates some people say yes, it's a global. No, it's not but we're not going to get into that We simply want to call this test signal from our static function So when we run it Nothing happened Let me see if I did this right here It would help if we actually did something with us, right? So we need to go I told you I was very tired tester instance Do something So we're calling our static variable now. You notice how we're actually not calling static. We're calling it from the object I want to make that differentiation right here. So I don't get a million emails From the object We'll run this and we get yay. It works now As I said, we're not actually calling it from the static function. Let's fix that This is how static functions work Notice how you're calling the test class the function in it. So we're calling the do something static function We don't actually have an object and it still works Yay Just to prove that that works. Let's actually say um Consider if I could spell it's working So quick overview of how this works and why it works Okay We've got our test class with a static function Sometimes you want a static function most of the time you don't Remember a static function will live out in the global area. You don't actually need A class or I should say you don't need an instance of that class. You need the class itself, but not an instance Um that gets into the hole isn't an object or an instance conversation and then we'll start a big war on the forums But um, we want to be able to emit a signal from that, but we don't have an object to emit from So we of course use a singleton pattern using the test class And create a global variable called tester From that we can actually Make our call and you see in the do something function, which is static We're saying tester get the global instance or the global The global variable sorry and then call the function test signal now that function is actually Drum roll please a signal That's the magic of cute in the background right there That's why in every book they say always include this q object because That's what happens in the background as it does all this linkage for you All right, so Real-world practical practical applications of this. What would you possibly use this for? Well, I was working on a key logger for plug-in bot.net And it uses what's called a hook Where you hook the keyboard process and windows So every time a key is pressed windows notifies you I believe it's called an in in proc or an in-memory hook Anyways, um, it has to be a static variable while I wanted to emit a signal saying hey a key was pressed It's the chicken or the egg you can't you have to use static function to get the hook But you want to you know use you get where I'm going with that. Okay So once again a singleton pattern um is a method of creating a Single instance of that object and you want that to persist out in the global namespace Another real-world example would be a logger. That's going to write to a file or a tcp server But you don't want to create two servers listening on the same port one of them is going to die So you want to make sure that you have a single instance? Well, that's all for this tutorial. Um Thank you for watching. I hope you found this educational entertaining. Um This maybe wasn't so much about cute as it was about me just rambling because I've had a long day and more about like c++ but um Be sure to visit my website Void realms.com for the source for this tutorial and others and also check out plugin bot.net. It's in beta But um, I'm hoping it does a lot of good for the world. I want to release it free for schools non-profit organizations, etc, etc really looking for other developers to kind of jump in and Help out with writing some of the plugins.  Well, and if you're a woman because I there are quite a few women that watch these tutorials men will throw themselves at you Unless you don't like men then maybe cats will just follow you around because I have like four cats staring at me right now All right. Well, that's all talk to you later