someone who is doing it successfully on YouTube and play their video and then play yours. See if you have to change the audio, see if you have to fluctuate it. And if it's even with the majority of YouTube then you know you got a good level. If it's really really loud then you know if someone's going to finish up this video and go to yours that are going to have their ears blown out or if this is really quiet then they're not going to be able to hear you. You don't want to scare anyone and you don't want to make people really struggle to listen. So keep that in mind and do like a little test because you might have a good quality mic it's just turned down too low. I'm going to actually check out a different video just to see if. Yeah you have a snowball so you have more than enough quality there to make it heard. So I think that's just something you need to finesse and really work at it. The latest video he did, he brought it really close to him on a boom arm. Oh the plants or zombies. Yeah now keep in mind when you're using these type of microphones it sounds a lot better to talk directly into it instead of talking away from it like this. So if you talk into it and have your monitor on the other side of it it's okay if it's in the shot just make sure that you're using it appropriately if it's in the shot. Because right now it's in the shot but you're not talking into it and you're not going to get the best sound that way. And I actually feel like, are you saying it's because he's facing a different direction from it? I mean that's not the reason it's so quiet but you will have some quality loss there. Yeah well that is actually a trick that I find works quite well a lot of the time. It's actually what I started doing with this microphone. Maybe not like I don't know about a complete 90 degrees. Yeah talk past it not. But yeah you never want to because I notice you do not have a pop filter or any kind of windscreen for this. So you're going to get a lot of I mean even the literal first second of the video I notice a abundance of plosives coming from it. Because you're talking directly into it.  And then you get those big the popping sound. But the sound waves are still going in its general direction. Yeah which can be very distracting sometimes. They can see my microphone right now so if you look I'm talking past it to the microphone I'm not talking like this directly into it. And also the way that yours is it's like this off to the side of your head and you're talking past it. You're going to get a different sound like this than talking like this where you're behind the mic but not talking directly into it. So I'd recommend maybe just sitting down getting your audio recorder and just sit in all different positions. And keep in mind that you're talking in one direction to the viewers.  It kind of looks like you're setting up for talking to the viewers because you're turning towards the camera and talking to them. And that's when you're shooting your sound waves into the microphone. But when you're talking to the game you're talking away from the microphone. I can definitely say I I incredibly appreciate the effort like even the fact that you have your mic on a boom arm. It's suspended and everything. I mean that is that is a huge leap up in production quality. But I think the importance there is that you have a boom arm. Don't be afraid to use the boom arm. Use it in different situations. Suspend it in all different locations above you below. Well, it can be not above you. Try it in different positions. See what quality you get. You find the absolute best position that it's not it's not distracting to the viewer. But you can still get really good audio quality out of it. I can say right now I'm not a big fan of the position just because it's it's covering up about you know 20% of your face there. But so I think the positioning could be a little bit better. But I definitely I mean the the effort that you're putting into it is very present. Yeah, I when we first started impulse actually we got a microphone stand extended all the way up to the top. Got another microphone stand duct taped it to it and then draped it over our fan so it actually support it up and not fall down. And then hung another extension arm down directly above our actress so that she could talk into the mic towards the camera but the mic wouldn't be in the shot. And that was the way we found it to be best. And it was it was bad. So needless to say once we got some money we we fixed that but I was just freaking Yeti out the desk with a pop filter pipe cleaner and duct tape to it because I didn't have anything to hold it there. But yeah, you just kind of have to fiddle with it play with it and don't jump the gun on recording just because you feel like you have to. It's OK to take some time to practice and find the best situation for each. Now back to the view subscribers deal.  But the biggest thing is just you need to make sure you're being heard appropriately because this video has better audio than the last and you could tell you're trying because you hung your microphone up in the air next to your face. You're trying to get that louder sound but it's still pretty quiet. Considering that surgeon simulator was two weeks ago and that was a day ago. I mean that for two weeks that's actually a massive improvement. Yeah. So I'm very impressed with that. Yeah. So again I would just recommend trying to look at other YouTubers and compare your audio levels and do what you can to get your audio level at a similar decibel as theirs. Now that doesn't mean like crunching your mic and making it sound nasty. That just means finding a way to get more behind it. Yeah. It's right now turned up all the way again. This time I can hear you but it's just not prominent. I mean Derpy is louder than you and I have Skype turned down. Well I've just allowed human beings. So yeah you know quality doesn't look bad. Again I think you have a good personality and everything for YouTube. It's just a matter of optimizing the audio which looks like you are trying to do. That and once you go ahead. No finish up and then I'll get on. I was just going to do my typical rundown of the about section and then tags themselves. Okay. Final thing is if you're wanting views and subscribers it's okay to ask for that stuff. You can't really ask for views but you can ask the viewers that you do get to do the things that you want. You know you can ask for people to subscribe to your channel. You can ask for people to like your video and if you add a call to action to your videos chances are they're going to be more likely to do what you want them to do because you asked them to. Otherwise they just you know do what they want to do. Kind of the call to action like pop ups video or something might be kind of fun. Then I have one other thing to add actually before we're all done. So you can go first though. No. Okay. Go ahead. No I didn't want to say anything anyway. So your most viewed videos are not relevant to your current stuff. So if you do have 129 subscribers they might have all subscribed for how to put music on a Nexus 5. Now when you post up these videos your current ones like you know Plants for Zombies or Happy Wheels they may not care about them because they only care about how to upgrade their Nexus 5. So that could be why you're not receiving the views that you once were on the older videos that you did. They were just whatever you wanted. It's okay to test the waters and play around with different things and see what works. But as you start to see what works you have to tailor your channel accordingly or kind of just bite the bullet and not know that your views aren't going to be the same as the videos that were successful on your channel. That's actually a really good point. I didn't even see that. I wouldn't recommend making a channel about kids getting kicked but that was another successful video. I don't know if people subscribe for that or not but... Wait what? Where's the kids getting kicked? Third most viewed video on the channel. But like I'm saying there's unboxing videos, Nexus 5 videos, Xbox One unboxing videos. These are all successful stuff on your channel and a kid getting kicked. So if you wanted the best of your channel you'd have to tailor accordingly to these most viewed videos. But it doesn't look like that's what you want to do because that's only four videos out of all of your stuff. Your turn! Watch that kid getting kicked. That was mean. Alright, so typical rundown and this is actually really really relevant for your channel especially if you're looking for more views and more subscribers. That can come through both search engine optimization. People actually being able to find your channel which is relatable to tags and kind of the description. People knowing if they will enjoy your channel or not by kind of looking at the type of content that you create. Your description simply says I am just a young YouTuber looking for some cool people to watch my videos. Don't worry if you're not cool. Subbed to me and you will instantly become cool. Okay well this you know I mean that I think that has a call to action in there somewhere. I'm not real sure but like that doesn't exactly tell me what it is you're doing. I like your your goal counter here. I see a lot of people do this and these are always fun. It's kind of a fun way to share publicly you know your goals with the people who challenge yourself. Yeah and set those milestones for yourself and your fan base. But the description not enough people use the description. I think it is very important to you go to any big channel not PewDiePie don't go to PewDiePie he doesn't have it. You go to any big channel you're going to see exactly what they do in their channel description. It's going to say you know welcome to so-and-so we've got comedy gaming we've got kicking kids.  But it's kind of a good idea to give a general gist of you know I do first person shooters. I do you know tutorial videos on phones whatever it is that your channel is about. It's very good to detail that in the about section of your channel page. The other thing and I will use the plants versus zombies video here as an example. By the way I'm not real sure if this was overlooked but plants versus zombies garden war war far. I did forget to forget an E on the end there of warfare and that is actually present in the tags as well. So just keep in mind anyone searching garden warfare is actually not going to be brought up this video. But as for tags and I noticed this in a couple other channels we didn't really have time to mention it. But I think Mike was the one that said this and you know I kind of agree do not put your channel name. In the tags as the first tag in there. Was it you that said that or I think it's important to have your name in the tags. No yeah I think it's important but the first tag does carry more weight in SEO. So if you're searching for plants versus zombies who want that to be the first tag. If your name is super searched and successful more successful than plants versus zombies then sure put that first make sure everyone knows that's first. But typically when your name first will actually I don't want to say hinder search results but it will not have a very big impact as if you were to actually put tags relevant to what you're doing.  That's at least the majority of people that's how they're going to find your channel organically which is the goal. If they've heard of you or they're your friends or you know one of your friends is mentioned to another friend about you or something and yeah they're going to go search that. But whether you have your name in the tags first thing or not your channel will still pop up. Yeah so it's just not some tags is very important again to buddy great tool for tags. Oh my God I I don't even know where I'd be without to buddy helping me with tags it is it is the greatest plugin for that in the world. The fact you can go get that thing for free is you know there's no reason that the channel shouldn't have that. Yeah well any freedom partner can get it not everyone can get it for free. Otherwise you have to pay for it. So like if I type in garden warfare here you can see the most used tags which are plants versus zombies garden warfare to plants versus zombies gameplay plants versus zombies garden warfare Xbox games one. So you should have all these in there. And then if you look it says that the competition is very high on this one in particular. So if you were to search a different one that is maybe walk through let's see this one has lower competition. So if someone was to search this and you have this tag in there you'd be more relevant to pop up and chances are you'd be seen. They typically recommend 10 tags minimum with generic and specific tags. So kind of have like more lockdown like plants versus zombies garden warfare walk through or and then just say garden warfare. And then you could say like beta game or gameplay play through walk through commentary and then start doing the generic ones as well. That way when other people search it may pop up there and as well. But typically you want to pretend someone is up here typing this into YouTube or they wanting to watch. You know this is what they're looking for.  Yeah. And then just put all those in your tags. That's a really good practice. Yeah. And then that I guarantee will help your viewership at least to an extent. Yeah. Yep. All right. So guys we're a little bit past our time but we'll do one more channel again if we did not pick your channel today. It's OK. Well we have an hour time slot typically. So we're at an hour 20. And I need to go work still. So yeah. Again guys if you didn't get picked today we'll be back another time but we're going to do one more channel. So leave us some comments in regards to Nora which people are still doing. Perfect. Help me Nora. I've been here since the start. All right. We'll do that one. Visual now. What now. This one. I did. Am I here. Hello. Can you hear me. I can hear you. Hello Mike. My friend. All right. It's kind of taking a long time to load. I'm not sure what's up with that. Yeah. So he's now in the description. So if you guys refresh you could watch this last video with us and let him know he's awesome. So first off I'm going to point out your channel is set to feed mode instead of feed. Is that what's called mode for sure. Instead of browse. Feed. Yeah. So you don't have your channel trailer here with playlist organized and stuff like that and you have taken the time to create playlists but they're just not featured on your channel accordingly. So if you go into here you could change up your settings. So when a new viewer goes to your channel they can nicely navigate everything and see what you want them to see and what order you want them to see it. So BMX videos edits and much more. Okay. So skimming through the videos I'm only seeing one to BMX looking videos. There might be more. Oh three. The majority of it seems like it's gameplay and talks. So maybe make BMX not the first initial thing. Maybe like gameplay BMX and life or something you know. If you care about that the most that's one thing but you want people to know what they're coming for. So which one would you like to watch? There's another Black Ops 3 struggles of being a YouTuber one. Sure why not. We'll compare and contrast. I like the intro. Yeah quick simple intro that was nice. That's actually really cool. Yeah. I like the energy. Oh my god. Okay. What? Not going to lie when I first started hearing that I was like oh it's just okay. That's like the announcer talking and call of duty. I thought that was the start up where they're always like oh that's him okay. Yeah pleasantly surprised there. So we've already done our spiel earlier on what we think of gameplay vloggers. Whether you want to do that or not it's up to you. We have our own opinions. But I like the energy here.  You're not just mumbling and talking about stuff. You make sure that they're listening. You have a lot of personality. Oh yeah. That's very nice. So I will say it again because you do have such a good personality and strong presence. I think it would benefit you to do actual camera talk in front of a camera. You know use your hands to present yourself. Get more personal with the viewer. Whether you want to do that or not it's up to you like we said earlier that there is a genre for this. There's a niche for this type of stuff. It's just I like vlogging more. But I think for this I think you're doing really well with this. How can he improve his audio a bit? It sounds good. I just think it needs a little something. I don't know really. I'm trying to listen to it and place it. Maybe a little bit more presence. Yeah we'll see. I feel like well I know it needs more power behind it. Like I know it needs a little to be a little bit stronger. I'm just trying to think how because I think since you have already such a presentful tone to your voice and your energy is so there. I think capitalizing on that in the audio quality is really going to sell the effect of you talking to the audience. Forcing them to listen. Again I always use the example. You want to grab them by the throat and suspend them in the air. You're going to listen to you for the next three minutes. I'm just I don't know. I'm just trying to think like I don't know. For me I would use the term compression but I don't know what you do to your audio so I don't really know if you know how to compress the audio more to make it more impactful. Something you could advise like look up a tutorial on how to do a simple edit to get it and clean it up and give it a little bit more umph. Yeah okay well then we'll just yeah we'll leave it at that. I want to say audio compression I think taking taking your voice over that you've done and compressing it a bit more would give it a lot more impactfulness in the highs and lows of the audio. Which watch your tutorials on YouTube. I don't know what you use. Use Audacity. You can look up that. Use Audition. You can look up that if you're recording it with Microsoft Paint. Good job to you. Wow. Developers are probably going to want to talk to you about that because that's not even possible but you know you found a way so good job. As far as video quality goes 720p not 30fps but I don't know. I mean we could sit here and grieve about that but the video I mean it's not really the main highlight of the video in any way. Whether the gameplay is smooth 60fps or not I guess that would be beneficial but it's kind of like why bother in the end. Yeah I definitely think it deserves more than 28 views and two likes. Yeah. It feels like you have like a really strong presence with your community and your viewership and stuff like that and then when you look and see you know there's no comment so it's kind of sad because you have so much personality and so much strife with your channel. Tony wait. Tony are we watching the same video? I'm watching the struggles of a YouTuber commentary. Black Ops 3. Oh. Are we watching different ones? Oh. Oh that one. Okay I just watched his newest one. That's something about YouTube but it had YouTube in the thumbnail so I thought that's what. Well at least we know that. Yeah they're both exactly the same. I mean here let me go to this one see if it sounds any different. Yeah that's good that you're consistent then because typically you know instead of watching one video and this one's good this one has really poor quality it's nice to know your consistent cross-platform. That's what we should do from now on just critique two different videos at once and see if it all. Oh they've actually they've got different intros. Oh so we both like the intro too that's cool. Yeah well now I'm watching the both trying to think which do I like better. And then I also likely subtlety of the outro. I would recommend a box so you can click your last video or something like that so you could redirect traffic to your other videos so you can keep them around for longer. I think that'd be a nice way to get more views and stuff there. Let's see tags you could definitely use more than just the game title. You want to have like we said earlier about 10 tags generic and specific and that's going to start helping you get more views and help more people see this content for what it is because it is really strong content it has really good presence it needs to be seen and that's a good way to make sure it's seen is by titling it properly. Yes. Yes. I agree. Why does this video have two downloads on it? That's what I was wondering I actually enjoyed it. No reason for that that's like we were talking earlier where it's just trolls being trolls. Now I'm pleasantly I mean very impressed very well done very nicely done. I'm trying it so it is so it is visual now then or is it visual in a is it. He said it. Damn it. I don't remember it. What happened. You could say it again. Hold it be quiet Mike. And it is visual in a yeah. Okay. So like is any short for anything is that. Nah. Nah. Okay. Is that your response when people ask you is that short for something? Nah. But no I think you have a really solid start to a channel here. Why did you even got a clothing company? What? Where's this? I mean I don't know orbit clothing I have no idea if that's. You mean spread shirt? Yeah. But everything says orbit clothing. I'm not sure what that. But yeah. I would say start working on your tags and descriptions overall. I'm sure derpy will talk more on that here in a second. All right. Even video descriptions are kind of lacking. I just have a couple or one link that's actually not even clickable. And the rest of your social media. I'd recommend throwing as many links as there as possible. If you're going to have all the titles and stuff go ahead and make them linkable. So people can click it and that will help extra backlinks in SEO. Am I just like the tags guy now? You said you're going to talk about channel descriptions from now on. So you're up. All right. But you know what? I'm starting with tags this time. And you're going to be okay with it.  Ta ta. Bye. All right. As far as tags go. I don't think these are bad tags. I think you need more tags though. As far as this, the one that I watched that I thought me and Mike watched the same video. Whoops. Black Ops 3 in my life getting to know me. You know, this seems to be a very personal video that would explain a lot about kind of your back end and stuff. And stuff that's happened to you.  Which, okay, those are both, those are fine. That's the platform you're playing on. That's the game you're playing on. But, okay, so you've got my life getting to know me. All separate tags. I don't know if I entirely agree with that. Although I am by no means a tag master. I would have almost done like one solid tag that was just getting to know me.  I don't know, just things to portray that you're talking about past events. Yeah, something someone will search in relevance to that. Right. Again, as we kind of talked about before, think about what you would search if you were looking for a video of this description. And then try adding those into the tags. Two, buddy. Great plug-in. Free with freedom. Go download it and use it and stuff. Be happy. So yeah, tags definitely work on improving that. We'll bring in a lot more views, which I definitely think these videos deserve. As far as the about page goes, see, now this is a bit of an interesting conundrum here. Because the about page doesn't say at all what you do, but your banner kind of does. And in that instance, I'm not real sure. I still think I would put something in your channel description. Your about page that details what it is you do and just your motivation for why you're doing it. I wouldn't reiterate, like I wouldn't just copy and paste into your description. BMX videos, edits and much more.  You've got it shortened in your banner, which is nice to the point. But, you know, you've got a description. I don't even think there's a freaking character limit in the YouTube description. I don't even know. You know, kind of sit there and elaborate on what does much more mean. What do you bring with this channel that is separating you from all the other channels that we've been seeing doing Call of Duty. Make sure you have a set goal and idea for what can set you apart. So in the end, I think you are set apart as far as content goes. It's just a matter of getting the content seen. Make sure people know that about it. So once you get the content seen, I think your channel will really excel. Because you are doing really well with actually creating the content itself. Again, you just need to find a way to tag them properly, to describe them properly. And format your channel in a way so that we can easily navigate it and stay on your channel for longer periods of time. So, I think that's a wrap. Alright. Well, I said everything I wanted to. Cool. Well, thank you guys so much for watching the livestream. Thank you to everyone who submitted their channels. If we didn't get to you, we'll be back again later this week or next week or sometime soon with another livestream. If you want to see more Derpy, he's up in the cards as well in the description below. He's getting close to a thousand subscribers, so maybe we can help him. And then I'm featured in there as well and in the cards as well. So. Plugging me and everything there. I mean, you gotta credit you for your work. Well, I mean, yeah. They're paying you in food. Alright guys, that was that. We'll see you later. See ya. Bye. And close.


In the previous video, we saw that often, especially when you have many, many predictors, you want to find a balance between the accuracy and simplicity of a model. So our goal then should be to, given a model M, given a family of models M, to have a way to measure the complexity or simplicity of that model in such a way that we can balance it against the residual sum of squares error of the model. So this is the time to talk about the LP norms. There are actually many ways to measure lengths in a vector space. You're most familiar with what's now called the L2 norm, the Euclidean norm, or the Frobenius norm. This is where you take the components of your vector, square each one, add them up and take a square root. It's familiar since grade school. The level sets of the two norm are what we think of as circles. But in fact, you can imagine doing this process for any exponent p, take each component of the vector, raise it to a power p, add them up, and take the pth root of that sum. As it happens, that calculation respects the key properties of a distance function. Namely, it's zero if and only if the original vector is zero. It always gives a non-negative number, and it satisfies the triangle inequality. Those are easy things to check algebraically. For our purposes, there are two other norms, aside from the two norm, that are particularly interesting. The first one is the one norm. In fact, the one norm people usually encounter by accident, because the first time someone tries the Euclidean norm, say in eighth or ninth grade, they usually accidentally distribute the square root incorrectly and end up with the one norm. The one norm is simply the sum of the absolute values of the terms. So if you have a vector like 3, negative 4, or 5 in three-dimensional space, the one norm is 3, plus 4, plus 5. Now the level sets of the one norm, the circles, if you will, actually are diamonds, or rotated squares. For example, on this picture, here's roughly, so here's a square, right? So if I take the first term in a two-dimensional vector to be 2, I can trade and go to 1.5, 0.5, or 1, 1, or 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, or 0, 2, and travel along this diagonal line, and of course I can do that in any direction because of the absolute values. So these diamonds, these rotated squares, are actually the circles of the L1 norm. Another very interesting norm is what's called the zero norm. The zero norm is the limit as P goes to zero of the P norms. If you look at that carefully, what it's really saying is it's telling you simply the count of the number of non-zero terms. So if you have a vector in say five-dimensional space, 3, 4, 0, 0, 5, the zero norm of that is 3 because there are three non-zero terms. Now as it happens, the L0 norm is a very good measurement of simplicity. After all, the more terms you have that are zero, the better. So having a small zero norm means you only have a few non-zero terms in your vector. That's great. On the other hand, it's actually very hard to compute effectively with the zero norm because it's such a discrete object. You can't use calculus to your advantage to solve anything. So this is where we see how the L0 norm and the L1 norm interact, and this is because of the curse of dimensionality. So let's take a brief digression to the curse of dimensionality. The curse of dimensionality is a simple geometric computational fact that demonstrates that human intuition is dead wrong when it comes to geometry. Our intuition for how space works, how big space is and where things are, is based on millions of years of evolution in three-dimensional space looking at often two-dimensional surfaces. So if we're actually dealing with five, six, seven, or 10,000-dimensional data, your intuition is often dead wrong. Here's an example of what I'm talking about. This is a picture of a one-by-one square with a bunch of points randomly selected from it with a uniform distribution. So imagine the uniform distribution on the one-by-one square. Now take an inscribed square, which in this case is 0.05 from the boundary on each side. So it goes from 0.05 to 0.95. Thus the red square, the inside of it is 0.9 by 0.9. So the percentage of data inside the red square is most of the data, 81%, 0.9 squared. In fact, I could draw the one-dimensional version of this if you simply had a line and selected points uniformly from the line. You have a 90% chance of choosing a random number between 0.05 and 0.95. So that's great. We think of the interior of the square as having most of the data. That's certainly true. In three dimensions, it's slightly less true. If you take a one-by-one cube and you inscribe a cube of side length 0.9, only 72.9% of the data is inside the smaller cube, because 0.9 cubed is 0.729. That's not so bad. Now consider 10,000 dimensional space. If you make a one-by-one-by-one, et cetera, by one cube, and then inside of it inscribe a 0.9 by 0.9 by 0.9, et cetera, 0.9 cube, essentially zero of the data is inside that smaller cube. This is very striking. This says effectively, and this is one of the classic metaphors for this, that if you take a potato in, say, 10,000 dimensional space and you peel a potato, there's nothing left. We're used to this idea that you can remove the boundary of an object and still have most of the object intact, that somehow the edge, the boundary, is just a little bit, and you can shave it off and still have the bulk of your material left over. That is profoundly not true once you get above dimensions, say, four or five. Gradually 0.9 to the end, or anything less than one to the end, will fall to a smaller and smaller number, of course. And this is a fact that we all learned calculus in algebra that's totally obvious as an algebraic fact, but it has this profound consequence geometrically. This has another side effect. So of course I can only look at the two-dimensional picture here, but if you think about the high-dimensional case, this means that since most points are on the boundary, it means that the nearest neighbors of a point are very far away. So this picture is in two-dimensional space. So say here's a point right here. That point's nearest neighbors are nearby in a small little ball. So the ball in which you're likely to see your nearest neighbors is pretty small. This point's nearest neighbors are right there. This one's a little further out, but there's still a small ball in which it's nearest neighbors lie. On the other hand, if you were to sample points on a similar picture in ten-thousand-dimensional space, probably if you select a point at random, it's on a side. And that side, after all, is a 9,999-dimensional cube, so you're likely to be on the corner of that, which is a 9,998-dimensional cube, and so on. So the points are probably all in the corner. If you pick a point at random, it's probably on the corner. And that means that its nearest neighbors are probably also on a corner, probably a different corner. So in fact, in high dimensions, even once you're above five or six, it starts to be a problem. If you're in high dimensions, if you select a point at random and ask where are its nearest neighbors, how far apart are they? They're often very far away, because the nearest neighbor is probably at closest on the opposite corner, or maybe on an adjacent corner, or maybe an antipodal corner. It could be very far away. So in fact, your intuition that points are somehow packed in and their neighbors are nearby is dead wrong in high-dimensional space. So these two effects are two facets of the so-called curse of dimensionality. It means that as you work in higher, higher dimensions, so in this linear fitting case as you use more and more predictors, your intuition gets worse and worse. Moreover, sampling and finding neighbors and nearby points becomes harder and harder. This curse kills many algorithms that seem totally intuitive in one, two, three, or even four dimensions. But if you really reach honestly big data with thousands or tens of thousands or even millions of different predictors, then it all breaks down. So what does this have to do with the LP norms? Let's flip back to those LP norms. What this means is that the L0 norm is a good measurement of complexity. And remember, the L0 norm has all its concentration on the axes in your space. So any vector which has only an x1 component has L0 norm 1. And any vector that has only x2 done 0 has L0 norm 1. So in some sense, the circle of the L0 norm is the axes themselves. It's a big, it's an x, right? But all the axes crossing. So one dimensional lines, one for each dimension crossing, is the circle in L0 space. However, if you're in high dimensions, consider the L1 circle, which is really a cube. If you select a point at random from that cube, it's almost certainly on the corner. And if you're in high dimensions, that corner is itself a cube of high dimension. So again, if this picture is in 10,000 dimensional space, then one side of this square is 9,999 dimensional. And the corner of that square is 9,998 dimensional. So if you select a point at random from the inside of a cube, from the inside of a circle in the L1 sense, you're probably going to pick a point in the boundary. And on that boundary, it will probably be in the corner. And in that corner, it's probably in the lower dimensional corner. So in fact, if you sample, if you start doing a probabilistic process, or any sort of sampling process, or any sort of measurement process, using an L1 norm in high dimensional space, it's almost as good as an L0 norm, because with high probability, you'll end up on the corners. Again, the cursor dimensionality pushes things towards the corners in high dimensional spaces. So although these pictures look very different in two dimensions, in 10,000 dimensions, they're almost identical.


Alright guys, this was my Pokemon haul today. Okay. I'm feeling pretty good about this I got 20 more booster packs coming my way But these are my hollows and reverse hollows right here, right? Then I got all of my other Pokemon cards I got all my sleeves here, and I got some of these individual sleeves I'm gonna open these McDonald packs right now Please let me know if you would watch a video on my YouTube channel where I unbox all of these Individually go into the Pokemon cards and see if we can find some really good sought after Pokemon cards Open this first pack. Oh, no way. We got a hollow already, baby This was the first pack that we got. Let's go second pack right here Let's go. Oh


Hi! My friends call me Lime and I want to help you perform even better in your videos and so let's talk about answering the unasked questions of your audience. Now an audience can be defined as people who watch a show or encounter a piece of art but you're probably not even listening to me right now because the only thing that you can think about at the moment is what's with the facial hair. Don't worry it's not my new look I just did it to make the point that sometimes your audience have questions that you need to address before they become ready to listen to you especially if you haven't talked to that audience before or if you changed something big. So then let me take this opportunity to explain why I'm not using that second angle that I usually use. I've moved so I haven't set everything up yet I haven't put up the shelf that I use to get that angle so that's why. So your challenge is to figure out what those questions are and address them and luckily there's a comment section to most videos and there you'll find lots of clues but they might not come in the form of questions though I sometimes get comments about my accent and I take that as a suggestion that I need to explain that I'm from Sweden so that they can stop thinking about that and instead listen. Now if there is no comment section then you might need to ask around other times you just need to think about it yourself and then you can ask yourself what might my audience react to about me what might cast their attention distracting them from my message maybe you speak in a certain way like me or maybe there's something about your appearance the way you move your history maybe something in the background or so on find it and address it before you deliver your message. Don't apologize for it though unless it's something to actually apologize for just address it explain why it's there maybe tell a story about it now if you have a disease or an injury or if there's a variation about you that is apparent to your audience then that is awesome because then you can address that in a way so that it works in your advantage making your audience listen to you even more than they would if you didn't have that disease injury or variation. Check out my first video about ethos to find out more about how that works so now then I'm curious what questions might you have for me tell me that in the comments below and I'll see you in the next video thanks for watching bye