Let's open our Bibles together to the Gospel of Luke chapter 24. We're going to be looking today at verses 1 through 12. Luke chapter 24 verses 1 through 12. I'll begin reading at verse 1. I'll read to verse 12. We'll get into our study. Now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they and certain other women with them came to the tomb, bringing the spices which they had prepared. But they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. Then they went in and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. And it happened as they were greatly perplexed about this, that behold, two men stood by them in shining garments. Then as they were afraid and bowed their faces to the earth, they said to them, why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here, but is risen. Remember how he spoke to you when he was still in Galilee saying, the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified, and the third day rise again. And they remembered his words. Then they returned from the tomb and told all these things to the 11 and to all the rest.  And the word seemed to them like idle tales, and they did not believe them. But Peter arose and ran to the tomb and stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves, and he departed, marveling to himself at what had happened. Let me lay a foundation for us as we look at this particular portion of scripture. Let me remind us as believers that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is the cornerstone of Christian faith. The fact is, if you remove the resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ, then our faith is actually without value. It's worthless. The apostle Paul made that abundantly clear. He was writing a letter to a church in Corinth, and he was speaking concerning resurrection there. And in 1 Corinthians 15, verses 14 through 17, he wrote, and if Christ was not raised, then all our preaching is useless, and your trust in God is useless.  But that can't be true if there's no resurrection of the dead. If there's no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then your faith is useless, and you are still under condemnation for your sins. So the resurrection of Jesus is the cornerstone of all of our faith. Somebody once said, without the resurrection, Christianity would be so much wishful thinking, taking its place alongside all other human philosophy and religious speculation. Everything we hold to be true centers on one thing, and that's the reality of Jesus's death, burial, and his resurrection. It's so important that from the beginning of his ministry, the Lord Jesus Christ began to speak concerning that. If you look at the Gospel of John, for example, and you were to look at chapter 2, John records an incident that occurred early in the ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ. We remember that story very well. He entered into a temple, into that temple, and he found people who were there who were selling livestock, along with some who were referred to as money changers. And as Jesus walked in there, and he began to look at what was taking place, John is very clear when he says that Jesus began to fashion a whip that was made out of cords. Now very often when I think of Jesus, I think of Jesus meek and mild. I think of him with a sweet face and a compassionate, graceful demeanor, and yet in this particular portion of scripture, it's very clear that he was angry. And as he was there, you can almost see him as he's watching and as he's looking at these money changers. And he's seeing these people who are speculators who are making money off the pilgrims. And slowly, but surely, he is fashioning a whip out of some cords. And when he finally finishes that whip, he drives them out. He drives them out after he has done that. And he pours out the money changers' money. He overturns their tables. And John says, the zeal of the Lord had consumed him. Well, this made the Jewish authorities quite upset. And so they questioned him. They said, who is giving you such authority? Well, what sign do you show to us since you are doing these things is what they said. And Jesus answered according to John 2, 19, and 20 and said to them, destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up. The Jews said it has taken 46 years to build this temple and you will raise it up in three days. But he was speaking of the temple of his body. So Jesus began ministry by saying that he would be raised from the dead.  You can see that clearly in Matthew 16, in Matthew 17 and Matthew 20, as well as Matthew 26. All of these chapters have references that speak about Jesus being betrayed, judged, crucified, and resurrection. And so his resurrection validates the truthfulness of all of his claims. His resurrection is the center of everything that Jesus taught concerning himself. His entire ministry rests on whether or not he was raised from the dead. So if Jesus was not resurrected, then all of his teachings can be rejected. And because this is true, Satan has worked to undermine the event of the resurrection. And yet, this is what we're looking at today and this is what we'll see in this passage. You see, as we begin, Jesus has been crucified, he's died, he's been physically buried. His death we know is according to God's plan in order to secure salvation for mankind. He voluntarily gave up his life to ransom us. He purchased us with his own blood. And as you see him dying on the cross, that sacrifice reveals both the justice and the love of God. It reveals the justice of God because sin must be dealt with, but it reveals the love of God because it was love that motivated him to rescue us. Paul said it like this. He said, God demonstrated his love toward us in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. And John said it like this. He said, God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that whosoever believes in him should not perish but have everlasting life. God sent not his son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through him might be saved. Justice placed Jesus on the cross. Love was the motivation. Jesus has been crucified, he died, and he was buried on Good Friday. Two disciples, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, had anointed his body and then placed it in Joseph's tomb. Some of Jesus' followers had followed. They saw where he was buried and they left to prepare spices and oils. Sunday morning has arrived and the women now return to the tomb to finish the burial. And that's what it's saying in verse one when it says, now on the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they insert another woman with them, came to the tomb bringing spices which they had prepared. But verse two goes on to say, but they found the stone rolled away from the tomb. This is something completely unexpected. As they were on their way, they actually were speaking amongst themselves. Mark tells us what they said. In Mark 16, verse three, they said, who will roll away the stone from the door of the tomb for us? You see, this stone was a stone that was shaped in the form of a wheel. It was on an incline. It rolled down the incline, lodged into a portion of the wall and it weighed 6,000 pounds and it had been sealed with an iron bar. And so they're wondering, how are we gonna be able to get into the tomb seeing that it has been sealed in such a fashion? Well, the question was answered for them when they arrived at the tomb because the stone had been rolled away. When it says rolled away, there's a rut there and the stone actually was out of the rut. It was out of the groove as if a mighty force had hurled it away. The Bible tells us in Matthew 28, then an earthquake had occurred when an angel descended from heaven and rolled away the stone. And so as they are there, now verse three says they went in and notice, and did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. Now it's interesting that Luke records what they found and what they did not find. They found that the stone was rolled away but they did not find the body of Jesus Christ. Jesus's body had been reanimated, had instantly been glorified. It passed through the grave clothes, leaving them flat, passed through the solid stone and left the tomb completely empty. Somebody said the stone was rolled away from the door not to permit Christ to come out but to enable the disciples to go in. And it happened as it says in verse four, as they were greatly perplexed about this, that behold, two men stood by them in shining garments. Then as they were afraid and bowed their faces to the earth, they said to them, why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here but is risen. Remember how he spoke to you when he was still in Galilee saying the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified and on the third day rise again and they remembered his words. These two men are identified as angels in Matthew 28. Only one of them speaks but he does so on behalf of both of them. Luke says that their garments were shining and they have the appearance of men and the natural response to something like this is recorded in verse five, they were afraid. In the presence of such glorious beings, the natural response would be great fear but the question I wanna spend time looking at is when they said, when it was said, why do you seek the living among the dead? It only takes a moment to recreate the final week of the ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus entered into the city of Jerusalem to great procession. It's what we call Palm Sunday and we know that there were some who poured out of the city of Jerusalem and those who were coming into the city of Jerusalem and that two crowds had converged. We know that they began to throw palm branches before the Lord, they began to shout and they began to cry out, Hosanna, blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord and there was great festivity taking place and as you follow that and if you were to follow it further on beyond the triumphal entry, the Bible goes on to tell us that Jesus entered into the temple but it being late, all he did was he looked around for a moment and then came back the next day. When he came back the next day there was what is called the second cleansing of the temple. Once again he came in and once again he thoroughly cleaned it and during that week Jesus did many things. Jesus taught and he disputed. He did a number of things that are recorded in scripture, gave some of the greatest teachings and some of the final teachings that he would give. He celebrated Passover with his disciples and as he celebrated Passover he gave the most thorough teaching that he gives on the work of the Holy Spirit. You find that in John chapter 13 all the way to chapter 15 where he speaks concerning these things and he gives tremendous insight to the disciples concerning these things. He celebrates Passover and Judas makes a determination that it's time for him to go. Actually the Lord speaks to him and says to him what you do, do quickly. And Judas leaves into the darkness. Jesus continues, finishes the celebration of Passover and with his disciples he leaves that upper room and he goes to a garden, a garden called Gethsemane and while he's there he leaves eight of his disciples at the entrance, takes three of them further in and then he says stay, watch here and pray and he goes, a stone's throw from them and the Bible tells us that he began to pray and asks his father to remove the cup and yet he comes back three different times and he discovers his disciples who are sleeping for grief for sorrow of heart. What he says to them, could you not watch for an hour? Watch and pray, the spirit indeed is willing but the flesh is weak and as all of this is taking place here comes Judas with a contingent of officers and they come with swords and torches and they enter into the garden and as all of this is taking place the apostle Peter pulls out his sword and he takes a swipe at one of the men nearby and hits a man by the name of Melchus and removes a portion of his ear and Jesus heals Melchus and tells Peter put away your sword, you don't wanna because if you live by the sword you're gonna die by the sword and they take Jesus and as they take him they take him first before the Jewish council and he's tried and then they send him to Pontius Pilate and as this is taking place his men are not quite sure what's going on. The apostle Peter and John because John has access into the garden there in the high priest's place they come walking in and the apostle Peter is there by a fire warming himself when on three occasions we know that he was questioned concerning his relationship to Jesus and on three occasions we know that the apostle Peter denies knowing the Lord. Jesus is now walked by the apostle Peter and after he has said I do not know him the apostle Peter looks up and sees Jesus and Jesus and he lock eyes for just a moment and that sudden awareness of his fulfilling what Jesus said he would do has tremendous emotional ramifications and we're told that he went out and he wept bitterly, it was Friday. Now it's Thursday rather into Friday and Friday Jesus is taken, stands before Pilate ends up being taken out, walked up to a place called Golgotha and he's violently crucified. John showed up at the cross, Jesus's mother was there and some other women but the other apostles were not there. The other apostles were hiding, that was Friday and then Saturday, Saturday is silent. Saturday is that day in between something eventful happening and something else eventful happening but many of us live in Saturdays, in times of despair, in times of disappointment, in times of grief, in times of wonder, in times of sorrow, of heart. Many of us live in Saturday, we're familiar with Saturday. For many Saturday is a day of disappointment.  He's in a tomb, heaven seems to be silent. The disciples and the rest are thinking, they're in shock and there's no doubt about it. This one who could raise the dead, this one that we thought to be Messiah, he's dead. All hope is gone, all peace is gone, all joy is gone. All of it is in a tomb, it is dead and many of us live in that, ourselves, in the disappointments of life and the pain and the uncertainty.  We had hoped in him and we died in our heart with him. They knew he was dead, they saw him die in anguish. You can forget all that you've ever thought you believed. When you go through moments like that, you're challenged whether or not what you thought you believed is actually true. There's an interesting story found in the Gospel of John. Jesus says, and the response to that was that they wanted to make him king. They wanted to do so by force because who wouldn't want a king that could feed you at any time you're hungry? And they had followed the Lord Jesus Christ and they were wanting to force him to become king when Jesus said, listen, he said, you're following me because I fed you. You're not to seek for the things that perish, for the food that perish, you're not to seek for the things that perish, for the food that perish, you should be seeking after the food that leads you into everlasting life. And he begins to speak to them and he says, what you really need is the bread from heaven. He said, I'm the bread and I've come that I might give you my life.  And as he says that, we used to call them fair weather disciples, they began to melt off because they say amongst themselves, this is a difficult saying, who can receive it? And as Jesus watches all of these people disappearing from view, he turns to his disciples and he asks them a question, do you also want to go away? There are going to be times in your life that probably have been many times, if not yet there will be, if you're a believer even, that you're going to have that question that's going to resonate in your soul and the question is a simple one, do you believe or do you not believe? Do you want to go away? Do you want to turn around and walk away from Christ? Do you want to go into the world as it was before? When your conscience right now is being pained by something you've done or perhaps you're just lonely, you're in an anguish, you're feeling that you've been forsaken by friends, you used to have friends, now you're a Christian and where'd they go? They're not there anymore and then the question comes, do you want to go away also?  But do I really believe this? We all have our Saturdays, our sorrowful Saturdays, our times of pain, where everything we thought we believed is challenged when every grief we were afraid would one day come upon us does and it's a silent Saturday because our hearts are broken. Why wouldn't they think that Jesus was dead? He had died.  Why believe that he's alive? You see the question, why do you seek the living amongst the dead is intended to provoke them to realize that Jesus is not to be thought of as dead? So the question really is, why are you looking for his body? The question, why do you seek the living among the dead? There are those today who are doing just that. The founders of all world religions have one thing in common and that is, they're all dead. I had a letter, I have a Muslim who's evangelizing me. He writes me to convince me to become a Muslim and he wrote me just last week and he said, Jesus is not the Son of God. That's where you Christians are wrong. God has no Son and so I wrote in response and said to him, Jesus is the only begotten Son of God. He was not conceived by natural means. He was miraculously conceived by the agency of the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ is the great I am referred to in Scripture as God in flesh and Jesus said, if you do not believe I am He, you will die in your sins and he said and Paul made it very clear, every knee shall bow, every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father and that includes your prophet, Muhammad who will one day bow his knee to Jesus Christ and say he is Lord. He is Lord. Because Muhammad is dead, Jesus is alive and so the question is asked, why do you seek the living among the dead? He's not here. He is risen. Remember how he spoke to you when he was in Galilee? He reminds them that his resurrection is something that he had taught them. He had mentioned that, he had taught them that well in Caesarea Philippi. He had said, the son of man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, be killed and be raised the third day and what he does here is he comforts them. He comforts them by reminding them of Jesus' words. He is risen as he said. That's where you get your comfort from brother. That's where you get your comfort from sister and the Lord. It's not through your friends who are there giving you a shoulder to cry on. Thank God for those who weep with us when we weep. We need that. We need the community of believers. We strengthen each other, but my comfort, where does my help come from? My help comes from the Lord, the maker of heaven and earth and it comes from his word. So in those moments, in those silent Saturdays, in the sorrowful times that we can have in between some great event and something that's about to happen in that silence of that moment when we're questioning everything that we thought we believed in, we hold fast to one thing, that one thing is the word of God for let God be true in every man a liar. And God's word is true. Jesus, when he was praying in John 17, verse 17 said, sanctify them by your truth. Your word is truth. And so in 1 950 it says, this is my comfort in my affliction for your word has given me life. And as he reminds them, it says in verse 8, they remembered his words. Jesus had taught them that he would be resurrected, but they had misunderstood it. In Mark 9, verses 9 and 10, as they came down from the mountain, he commanded them that they should tell no one the things they had seen till the son of man had risen from the dead. So they kept this word to themselves, questioning what the rising from the dead means. They didn't understand. There are some things that God is teaching you that as you go through them, you do not understand until you've gone through them. And then you're able to look back and clearly see God was with you every step of the way. On one occasion in John 13, Jesus said, what I'm doing, you do not understand or know now, but you will afterward. And there are many lessons that we learned after the fact. So they're going through those moments just in anguish, in shock, but God is not going to allow them to remain in that way. It says in verse 8, they remembered his words. Then they returned from the tomb and told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest.  And the words seemed to them like idle tales, and they did not believe them. But Peter arose and ran to the tomb and stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves and he departed marveling to himself at what had happened. They knew that he was dead and the shock and the pain overwhelmed their faith. For them death is certain and Jesus' death is final. They couldn't believe otherwise. Now did the Lord accept that? Did he think that was fine? No, because in Mark 16 verse 14 it says afterward he appeared to the eleven as they sat at the table and he rebuked their unbelief and the hardness of heart because they did not believe those who had seen him after he had risen. He doesn't want us to remain in unbelief. He wants to remove us from unbelief. But what happens when verse 12 tells us Peter arose, he ran to the tomb stooping down, he saw the linen cloths lying by themselves and he departed marveling to himself at what had happened. John records the same thing as found in chapter 20 in verses 2 through 8. It says she ran and came to Simon Peter and to the other disciple whom Jesus loved and said to them, they have taken away the Lord out of the tomb and we do not know where they have laid him. Peter therefore went out and the other disciple and were going to the tomb. So they both ran together and the other disciple out ran Peter and came to the tomb first and he stooping down and looking in saw the linen cloths lying there yet he did not go in. Then Simon Peter came following him and went into the tomb and he saw the lying cloths lying there and the handkerchief that had been around his head not lying with the linen cloths but folded together in a place by itself and then the other disciple who came to the tomb first went in also and he saw and believed. Both ran to the tomb, both saw the linen cloths lying there both saw that the tomb was empty yet only John is mentioned as having believed. So the question has to be asked why was John mentioned as having believed but the apostle Peter is not mentioned in the same way and the answer is because Peter was still dealing with the fact that he had denied knowing or belonging to Jesus Christ. It is likely that the shadow of sin that clouded Peter's spiritual sight because sin will cloud your vision. Sin does. It's like what it says in Psalm 40 verse 12 for troubles without numbers surround me my sins have overtaken me and I cannot see they are more than the hairs of my head and my heart fails within me. Sometimes the only thing that you can see clearly is your failures. You may have been raised in such a way that your failures were reminded to you constantly. Somebody whispering to you and speaking to you and saying things like you'll never amount to anything.  You've always been. You always will be.  You'll never be free from that.  You'll never be free from that.  You'll never be free. Just get used to the fact that that's what you are. You will never succeed. You will never amount to anything. You are nothing.  Just admit it, accept it and die that way. Sometimes we get used to that. Sometimes the things that we've done are the only things that we can think about. Sometimes the sins that we've committed haunt us. We can become depressed. We can be laden with sorrow. We can even get to the point of being unable to function, filled with grief and sorrow. When you think of King David, he's referred to as a sweet psalmist of Israel. When you read the Psalms, over half of them were written by David. This is a man who couldn't go out to a field without writing a song to God. When God speaks of him, he says, this is a man after my own heart. This is the one that God intended to be the king in Israel. But when you think of David, you can think of various things. How handsome he was. David was a man's man. He was the kind of person that won the heart of the entire nation of Israel and the men of Israel would get behind him and gladly die for him. He was a leader amongst leaders. This is a man when he saw a giant, a flisting, a lieth by name, nine foot nine. And David looked at him and thought, this is just light work. This is no problem. I'm going to take care of him in the name of the Lord. And we marvel at this man, this man of valor, this man of faith, this man of eloquence, this man of creative abilities. And yet, when I mention the name David, there is a name associated with him, even for those who do not read the Bible and that name is what? It's Bathsheba. Because all people remember about David is that he had an illicit affair with a married woman, had Bathsheba's husband, Uriah, killed and took her for his own wife. When you do things like that, they haunt you. Sin haunts you. It clouds your vision. For a year, David was clouded. That was the one thing he saw. His sin, he says, was ever before him. In Psalm 32 verses 3 through 5, he said, when I kept silent, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long. For day and night, your hand was heavy upon me. My strength was sapped as in the heat of summer. Then I acknowledged my sin to you and did not cover up my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to the Lord and you forgave the guilt of my sin. John tells us, if we confess our sin, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sin and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. There's not a single thing you've ever done that God's grace, mercy and the blood of Christ cannot cleanse you and forgive you from if you come to him. Peter couldn't fathom what had happened. Peter, who heard the Lord Jesus Christ speak so often, undoubtedly heard Jesus when he said, God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that whoever believes in him should not perish but have everlasting life. You can forget sometimes those sorrowful Saturdays and the silent Saturdays of our lives. You can forget the promises that God has given to you.  Jesus had said, come unto me, all you who are weary and heavy laden and I will give you rest.  Learn from me, for I am gentle and humble and hard and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy. My burden is light. That was an invitation given to all men including the apostle Peter. You see, John and Peter had seen the exact same thing. They saw an empty tomb. They saw the same thing but each had a different point of view. As he viewed the tomb, he remained puzzled about what he was seeing. The body should have been carried away along with the clothes but the clothes are still there. Could it be that Jesus actually rose just as he said? You see, there's an invitation for us that we find in Scripture. It's a simple one. It's found in Psalm 348. Taste and see that the Lord is good. Blessed is the man who takes refuge in him. Could it be that Jesus is alive and the answer is indeed he is alive and he was seeing it? You see, had Jesus remained in the tomb he would have been simply a dead teacher. The fact that he rose from the dead reveals him to be the Son of God.  So, we live because he lives. Friday was painful. Saturday was silent. Sunday was resurrection. Jesus is alive and we live because he lives and he rose to justify us and he rose to give us hope. He rose that he might send his Holy Spirit to dwell within us. He rose in order that we might live through him. So, we do not worship a dead teacher. We worship a living savior. Jesus Christ.


Functional groups, basically groups of atoms and bonds which define the functions of hydrocarbons. Yes, they define the function and that's why they are called functional groups. See, so far we have been talking a lot about compounds made up of just carbon and hydrogen. Now let's add these groups of atoms and bonds which will make them perform some special functions. Okay. For example, I have one group of atoms, seedable bond with oxygen, single bond with OH. And this is a empty space where different hydrocarbons can get attached. Okay. So this group of atoms is called carboxylic acid functional group.  When that molecule is mixed with water now, it will release H plus ions. That's how acids are defined, right? Now let me add this group to a hydrocarbon and show you. So first of all, I'll remove a hydrogen and in place of that, I will add this functional group. Now if you check experimentally, this new molecule will start behaving like an acid. When mixed in water, this will give off hydrogen plus ions, H plus ions. Okay. And this molecule will now have some awesome functions. You can use this in medicine. You can use this in food. You can use this for cleaning purposes. And all of these awesome functions are because of this new group of atoms that got added, not this carbon chain. Okay. And if you don't believe me, let me actually add this group to a different carbon chain. Here we have three carbons, right? Now I can replace a hydrogen atom with the functional group. Now this molecule also will have similar functions like an acid, just like this one. Okay. Now let's do it for another carbon chain. Here I have four carbon members. If I replace a hydrogen atom with this functional group, this molecule will also start behaving like an acid and will have similar functions like all of these two. So all these three molecules have similar chemical functions, but they have different length of carbon atoms. The only thing common is this group of atoms. So we can say that the common function, the common acidic function is happening because of this group of atoms, right? So whenever this group of atom attaches to any hydrocarbon, it makes it have acidic functions. So in one sense, we can say that this group of atoms, it defines the function of the hydrocarbon, right? And therefore we call this group of atom a functional group. Now with this, let's look at some other functional groups and there are some functions that they give. The group of atoms OH, they are called as alcohol functional groups. So this is how they attach with the hydrocarbons. And when they do, they give them some special functions. For example, these alcohol molecules, they are all good antiseptics. They kill germs and they can also be used to dissolve various organic molecules. Now let's look at another functional group, the aldehyde group. Here the group of atoms are C double bond with oxygen and on one side, it is attached with a hydrogen atom, C double bond OH. Now let me show you how these group of atoms they attach with are hydrocarbons. Something like this, C double bond OH and on one side, there will be carbon chain, okay? Now when these group of atoms they attach with hydrocarbons, they give some unique, some special functions to them. That's why they are called functional groups, right? So the special function of aldehydes, aldehydes molecule, is that they have a unique flavor and that's why they can be used in making ice creams or some beverages. Now let's look at another functional group, the ketone group. The group of atoms over here are carbon double bonded with oxygen. And this is pretty similar to aldehyde. They both have a carbon double bonded with oxygen. But the difference is that ketone is open at both ends. At both the ends, we will have carbon chains attaching, okay? Whereas in aldehyde, one side, there is a hydrogen atom. And only on the one side, we will have carbon chains. So for example, how ketone attaches with hydrocarbons is something like this, C double bond OH. And on both sides, you have carbon chains. On both sides, you have carbon chains. If one of these carbon chains were replaced by a hydrogen atom, then we would call this as an aldehyde group, not as a ketone group, okay? And now this has many special functions also, ketones. They are generally used in medicines, okay? Now let's look at another functional group, the carboxylic acid. Well, we have already spoken a lot about them. But what I want to show you is that how similar these functional groups appear. See, all of these three functional groups, aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid, they have the C double bond OH group in them. Whereas carboxylic acid and alcohol, they both have the OH group in them, right? So they might all appear very similar, but yet they are very different. And they provide very different functions to the hydrocarbons that they get attached to. Okay, one more thing. All of these functional groups are commonly called as oxygen-containing functional groups because you can see that all of them have oxygen atom in them, right? Now let's move on. Next I want to talk about the halo group, the halogen family group. Basically the atoms of chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine. When they get attached to the hydrocarbons, they also impart special functions to them. They will appear something like this. See over here, this is a chloro group attached to the alkane family. This is a bromo group attached to the alkane family, okay? Now one last group, the double and the triple bond group. Yes, these are also functional groups. When they come in between an alkane, they provide special functions to the alkane. And you might have already seen how they appear in the carbon chain, something like this. So these are also functional groups. So we have seen a lot of functional groups and these are the broad categories. One is the oxygen-containing functional groups which has alcohol, aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid. The other is the halogen-containing functional groups which include chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine. And the third category is of bonds, double bond and triple bonds. These are also functional groups. Now one last thing. On the screen, you can see some carbon compounds and all of them have some functional groups attached to them. And you might also notice that there are some carbon atoms which are missing some hydrogen atoms. For example, this carbon atom can have three more hydrogens attached to it. But don't worry about them. I have not written the hydrogen atoms so that we can focus more on the functional groups, okay? So over here, I want you to pause the video and figure out which functional group is attached to which molecule. For your reference, I have written all the functional groups and their names on the side. So pause the video and try it by yourself first. Now if you have tried it, let's see. See over here in this one, the first molecule, I see that this is the carbon chain and here OH group is attached to it. And OH group is called the alcohol functional group. So the name of this is going to be alcohol, okay? Over here, I see that this is the carbon chain and this carbon has double bond oxygen and OH. Now if you look over here, I can see that this functional group is what I notice over here, C double bond OH. It doesn't look like arranged in the same order. See C double bond OH on the right, but here OH is on the left, but that doesn't matter, right? So this is the carboxylic acid functional group. Carboxylic acid functional group, okay? Now let's look at this. Here there's a carbon chain. This carbon has double bond OH attached to it and on both side it's attached to a carbon atom. So that you can see over here in the ketone, over here C double bond OH and both sides are free to be attached with carbon atoms, not aldehyde. See aldehyde has one hydrogen atom on one side, okay? So this is going to be ketone. Similarly over here if you look, this carbon atom is double bonded with oxygen and on one side there is a hydrogen, okay? Only one side it is attached with a carbon. So this is going to be an aldehyde, not a ketone. Now let's look at this one. See this is strangely written. Here I do not see the structure of the molecule, but I have the molecular formula. But see, I can notice that this part has oxygen in it. So this is going to be the functional group. Now this has two oxygens, C double bond, COOH, okay? And there is only one functional group with two oxygens. This one, carboxylic acid. So this is going to be our carboxylic acid functional group. Now the last example, in this molecule, this is going to be our functional group because it has oxygen. See this is the carbon chain and this is our functional group. Now which functional group is this? Is this the alcohol? Because alcohol has OH and this one also has OH. But see if alcohol were the functional group it should be something like this OH. It should be written as COH. Why is it written as C-H-O? So yes, you're right. This is not alcohol. This actually is aldehyde. See aldehyde also has a carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, right? So to denote this differently, different than alcohol, we write it as C-H-O, okay? So this is our aldehyde functional group. Now one last question. Out of all of these six small cues, which two of these will have similar chemical properties? Can you pause and find that out? If you've tried it, let's see. See compounds which have the same functional groups have the same chemical properties, okay? So here we can see that this is a carboxylic acid. This has a carboxylic acid and this one also has a carboxylic acid functional group. So these two will have the same chemical properties, similar chemical properties, okay? And then similarly we see that this is an aldehyde and this one is also an aldehyde. So these two will also have similar chemical properties. Now let's summarize the video. In this video we spoke about functional groups, which are basically group of atoms or bonds, which define the functions of hydrocarbons. And we also looked at many functional groups and their names.


So hello, my name is Emilio Ocala, and I'm here to talk to you again about the right to left status in the legal office. We'll go over a few of the basics. We'll start with the brief, what's the right to left, and a bit of the history, because that part of the presentation doesn't change from year to year. I'll talk about it quite quickly. So, one of the first writing systems in the world was Qunfo script, which you actually used the chisel on some clay or something like that. So it was used to be written from right to left, because usually you would put the hammer in your right hand and the chisel on your left hand and do something like this. And this is obviously easier for right to left and not the other way around. Later on in history, we moved to Phoenician, which is something that was around 1000 B.C. And they invented the English called Amchal script. It's actually a translation of the language in Hebrew, which the idea is that they actually use letters instead of little pictures. That's what, for example, is the difference between Egyptian hieroglyphs and modern writing systems. Later on, another development was Aramaic and they moved to Square Street, something we're mostly known today, that can be a rough estimate compared to C.G.K. or some Indian languages. When you see little, it's still letters or, of course, it's not a picture, but it's... I'm not sure I discovered correctly, nobody can correct me. But the idea is that the work is used from some signs, which are not necessary letters. So every sign has a meaning. The movement in Aramaic was to Square ones, which roughly are fixed space, which is today obviously is important for computers.  In later period, Greek and Latin switched from right to left to left to right. In one of them, that's a modern example, which happened around a thousand years ago, was Hungarian, which you can see the communication on the Hungarian which are right to left, versus the new Hungarian which is left to right. For the last classrooms, we actually fixed the lab in the Hebrew office to support all Hungarian. I have no idea what it is, but why not? Just a reminder about languages, because these whole few talks are both languages. There's a difference between language that can be written, spoken language, can be written in a few scripts, and a script that can be used for some languages. A few examples are mainly in the area of, let's say, India and Central Asia. And also scripts, Latin, Arabic and Spanish are being used to do the language. A few examples of Hebrew office interfaces and interfaces you all know, simply the English interface. Then you can see the interface in English, but in right to left mode. You can see the menus are on the other side. All the properties and windows are moved to the left side. The new file menu or icon is over here. So everything is changed. A misconception is that everything is mirror. It's true for a lot of objects, but not for all of them. Some of the logic used to be amended, so it's not just replaced mix and while. We're going for basic idea, but it's not always good. A semi-interference test of Hebrew translation is more significant. Same for far, same for other languages. If you haven't seen previous lectures on the way to Hebrew right to left support, it's not a very important thing. This icon I hope you can see. And then after restarting the Hebrew office, you get a few more options. These options, for example, are the way to set parameters of originality. Both in the other menu, both properties in the menu. And that's quite important. You can recognize the language, so if I start typing Hebrew in a lot of cases, it will be the directionality will change to right to left. A line that will be from to the right, which is good, but sometimes you need to hit them with the buttons. Sometimes you want to force them to be in the other direction, so the buttons are very useful. The slide is based on what I showed last year and obviously the fixes. So, impressed in general is our weakest point regarding right to left support. We'll see it in a few minutes. It's very nice that since the last two prints do talk about spot fix. Okay, one, two, three, we're numbering. You have one, two, nine, then ten, then eleven, the same two digits, and then you have twenty-one, thirty-two, because it switched with thirty-two, thirty-one, fourteen to forty-one. It was completely weird. That got fixed in version six, zero. And then another problem with weak characters was fixed for six to one, and that helps me in some of the text more really. We still have two issues. The first one, I'll show you an example of it. And, well, I'll show you the other one. Okay, so this is the first one. This is the animation one, and this is about being important. Look. So this is about being important in 2012. This is the English option. No problem. This goes well. This is the animation in Hebrew. So some of the text appears like the logic is weird, but you do it again. But the only thing is the second animation effect. Okay? So it's a circle in the left-to-right line text, and then you see the effect in the middle of the text, and then something is ended and subscribed. No idea what was going on. So in last year, the effect was a little different. The text entered into the screen, and while the direction of the entrance was okay, the letters appeared in the wrong way. So the last letter of the sentence actually appeared first, then the one before last. And when the animation ended, the order of the whole sentence changed, and it could be readable. So each animation has its own problem. So you have to go to the base logic, and think that you get presentation from whoever, whatever.  And this one, brand-new this bug, is one of the top bugs for Impress, because it gives the user a very bad impression, and makes it not consider this the problem very more. And it's not only a technical problem, it's a very good marketing issue in the other side. With this, I can't go to any company, or any marketing person, and send them what you should consider Impress for. He grew out of it all. The second bug is an example of text. A sentence starts with weak characters, sorry, with strong left to right characters. In this case, the beginning of the sentence is the word English, a hyphen and then text in right class. This is Hebrew, this is Arabic. The problem is, at least for Hebrew, it's okay, but for Arabic, you see the text is not really good at all. What I do is I just remove them, so you can see it. If I remove the English word in the beginning, suddenly the Arabic text looks okay. So this is an important issue, it's not critical, because usually the sentence will begin with text in Arabic, not in English, but in the few cases it would. It's not completely confirmable, you can compare the letters, and especially in this word, which is completely unreal, it will be safe. Okay, so this was the bottom one. The bottom one, newly reported, so I think it was reported in March, but the guy who reported it, you could reduce it back to version 3.5. So it's not a new one, but just reported recently. And that's a powerful power, whether you're right to left T, or you're right to left the speakers, in the whatever community, that we didn't report in time. On the other hand, even back six years ago, our students fixed, but we're very happy for what was to be fixed. You can see what there is in general, there are some issues, but none of them is critical. The students fixed in the previous version, one in 6.0, one in 6.1, which makes us again very happy. With writer, we actually offer our tool for users to use it. With confidence that it would be okay, it's not perfect, but the support is good enough. For day-to-day use, there's nothing critical about it. This is from the previous version, that's far, so this was like a recent perspective about the amount of what was to be fixed. I have a bigger picture, you can see. For the version 6.0, which was one after previous versions, we had a lot of, relatively a lot of what was fixed. Usually we see this increase because we talk to the developers, because of talks like this, that highlight some of the major problems. And again, it's important to say thank you very much. And then usually after a pattern, we have a high blood scale fixed, and then the next version has a lower amount of what's been fixed, which is okay, but we're trying to get more and more what's fixed. The benefit is that with time passes, the criticalness of the box gets lower and lower. So ready for 6.1 to be not too much fixed, and we'll see about the next version. Everything you see here is on the weak page, on the document foundation, on the wiki system. So we document all the bugs and the risk of what was fixed where, and also what got backward and what occurred. So if the bugs made fixed on master, we'd like to make sure it's being backward. Then usually that's my job, first to track things, second to make sure changes go to other branches. Just to give you a general idea about categories, we have a few. Some of them are language support, they happen in one language, sorry, not the left language, happens only with languages, they don't have languages. Then we have directionality problems, which are regardless of which language, in English, but in right-right directionality, it has a problem. Then we have interface problems. Sometimes things happen only when used right-right interface, but most of the language or document that we use, that might be stuff that the positioning is wrong, the logic behind the graphics is wrong, maybe an item which is not shown or hidden by some algorithm, and sometimes things which are more complicated like logic, which are different, depends on the right-right directionality. And things which are a mix of the above, like the stuff that we used to have about like this, that if you save a document in right-to-left interface, some of the defaults in the files get changed to right-to-left, and then when you open it in another interface, some of the same things which are really weird. And you don't want the document contents to be irrelevant, to get changed depending on the interface. It might be a little effort different, that's it. There are some bugs which are specific for just one languages, as I show you sometimes Arabic has many problems with people, because it's a little bit more complicated with the content of the words and the fonts. That's why we separate things in different methods actually in the next. Where do you focus for the next versions? Because our top bugs get reduced, which we're very happy for. Some of the next issues we think we've seen with our users is mostly interoperability with Microsoft Office in Microsoft. We just entered into a lot of RTF and some other filters, fixes for us, which was great. We still see some issues, but there are problems with those lower and lower, but as we saw, you can see in this one, there used to be a problem when we put regular text in comments, it's got reverse on export. When you see it in our Microsoft Office, it can be read or it can be read from the other direction. And that's a big problem, it's not much fixed for 6.1. We still see some of these issues, but again, the direction we see is very good and we're happy for it. Another thing we need to focus is in press and roll by a fact of it, because they have a different editing engine, on the rendering engine than CalCAN writer, and then sometimes we have to fix bugs twice, one for each engine. And that's another issue which probably you need to do with other aspects, but for us, we need to double check each time the logic and everything else, and then obviously sometimes you fix, it's like a black and blue one side, it can be called the other side, and we saw a few of these as well, but in press and roll, as we saw earlier, it's not well supported enough for write-all languages. In another issue, that's probably where I need communities back up and help, is how to create a better infrastructure to test write-all out of the box. So when the developers run his, when the developer commits and runs his test, there will be more stuff that run automatically and give the feedback and then we'll save from being reported, or noticing problems when the feature is complete, and there's something we'll probably find out how to do it. Our side, the community side, at least what we did last year was to create a telegram channel for both right and left end Hebrew, Arabic, I'm sorry we didn't have enough users, someday we'll turn to the right and left group, but didn't have the long. First, we really had to be trash and bugging bugs, reporting bugs, checking them, getting some Windows user into the group and checking them on Windows as well and the interoperability bugs with Microsoft. It was really helpful. We saw the traffic in these areas and for example, in one presentation I had to work three days checking it up checking the status, updating things and this was just a basic work for the presentation. This year I sent a virtual meetup on the group, we decided to date the time. We had about 8 people at hand we covered about 50 bucks in something like 3 hours and a few reputations in the next few days and I got the status it's easy to report it's easy to report I also got feedback from others what do they think are the problems or where should the focus be or if there is something that really prevents them from working and they would like to meet and present to you and it's the differences of the community when you have teamwork even if it's a small team it's still completely different that I go separated by balance of work and things much faster than we saw it in the last year also we had a user who did a lot of work on QA connecting us to other parts of the community especially in the QA who helped with metabots of other parts of the UI or engine that helped to get a lot of focus on developers by triaging all the bugs this week what we started following what I told you about the meeting with trial the bugs yet again is trying to assess what would be the 5 top bugs we needed for the community to fix as you saw we have in the last year we started to get fixed so we need to fill the place with what's our top priority and with classic clearance from if I tell them I have 3 bugs I don't need to fix it, it's easier please I'll fix these 3 bugs it's easier than to tell them well I have a weak pain about another bug please take care of it okay, focusing people really helps for the result of this process we'll go back to the weak patch and the plan is to repeat this process every 6 months after the release so we can reassess things at the moment it happens in good times every year in bad times every 2 years we want to increase the frequency I come back after last session we added one for people and one for our work and it really helps to triage bugs and then send them to let's say a sub community or sub group and said okay this is just a human related okay the other guys double check that or I find about in Hebrew well I have an example from Hebrew I go to the other community as well if yes it's a right to left or CPL bug if not it's just a Hebrew bug and we saw it to be a very efficient process when you need just one person from each sub community and then you know if it's a general issue or a very specific issue some of the other things we want to get done and this is a bigger effort and if you have leads or ideas where to start and we have to get the ideas is first raising the workers and this is one of the goals of this talk the other one is we are taking test scenarios for automation as I thought earlier one of the things we need in the session I mentioned earlier is to test documents to bugs which we are linking to these documents and keep doing it so even people without the ability to read people or Arabic could have a test document picture of how it looks or the problem even with our red circle or something like that and then when they fix or want to check if the regression or sometimes another fix made in effect they can do it easily even without reading the language or at least noticing there is a change and then flagging that for us and then we double check in our channel and that is the point that is also relevant for some of the stuff I saw in other sessions mainly by is that how we bring more people from leading speakers with languages which are right to left and have millions of speakers but they are not part of our community there is 350 million Arabic speakers 160 million ULTU speakers 120 ULTU speakers and 1 million Foxy speakers and I think there is no presentation for them in our community and that is more than 500 million people which we could reach or have possible as users and of course from the viewers and it is very hard sometimes it is technological sometimes it is more of cultural gap or to reach people how do you work with them if you have any class maybe some of the Asian guys that might need these people in conferences please refer them to the slides to the telegram group to the weekly everything that will make them be a little bit involved will be very helpful and of course email to me I will be happy to be the bridge I guess that in some places there might be politics and the fact that I am from Israel there might be a problem then I am happy to provide other people providing solutions I think there is a lot is much more important for me to be the connection and if some likes to bring a better result I am proud of that the goal is to get better in the office whoever the person is we still try to find ways to train local developers specifically I am talking about Israel but it could be in other countries there might be opportunities from local companies if you like vacation in summer it probably will be waiting to pay for your travels and it will change your workshop about how to have a new office might be an interesting deal yes obviously there is commercial options from our sponsors but we also have independent developers that would be a very different experience especially with communities who might prefer to work with an individual and not a commercial company and there is always weird nights and whatever in that side of the world just say hi we try to cooperate with the city exchange speakers both with meetings then I have at least a few representatives from the groups because some issues might be crossing between languages and problem known languages groups so that would be complex type of languages


Forgiveness isn't an eraser of the pain and suffering someone caused us. Forgiveness doesn't rub out the wrongs someone did to us. And I think finding peace and joy again after you went through something that caused you suffering and pain is a long uphill battle. And I think forgiveness is the hydration we take whilst we climb that tough hill. Forgiveness doesn't make you okay with what happened. It doesn't let the person off the hook as it were. It's more to do with you. Forgiveness is hydration while you climb the exhausting hill towards and on your journey towards a happier life beyond that pain and suffering.


This paper discusses the use of a new type of material called MG3V4-PO4-6-carbon composite MGVP-C as a negative electrode in lithium ion batteries, LIBs, sodium ion batteries, SIBs, and potassium ion batteries, PIBs. The material was synthesized by combining MG3V4-PO4-6 with carbon, which allowed for the material to be used as a pseudo-capacitive electrode. The material was then tested in LIBs, SIBs, and PIBs, where it showed a high initial charge capacity of 961 mAh per G in LIBs, but lower capacities in SIBs and PIBs. The material also showed a faster rate of discharge than other similar materials, making it ideal for applications requiring quick charging and discharging. This article was authored by Chang Fu, Bjorn Swartz, Ziming Ding, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


This is just a good old polynomial function. How can we graph this function right here? Well, when it comes to polynomials, polynomials domain is always pretty easy. The domain of this function will always be all real numbers negative infinity up to infinity. There's no situations where you can divide by zero, no square roots, no logarithms. Domain will be all real numbers. Intercepts can be a challenge at times, right? The y-intercept, like I said, it's not too difficult. The y-intercept, well, we just have to look at f of 0. When it comes to a polynomial function, the y-intercept is just going to be this constant right here because when you plug in 0, everything else will disappear. The y-intercept will just be that constant right there. Let's write it down for future reference. We get y equals 3. X-intercepts are going to be a little bit more challenging because we have to solve the equation, like we said before, f of x equals 0. f of x equals 0. Now, for the most part, the homework is going to give you things that factor super easy without much difficulty to them whatsoever. This example right here is a little bit of a challenge. It's not at all obvious how to factor this thing. There are some techniques and I would recommend you go to the lecture notes if you want some more examples, not more examples, but if you want to see the details how one factors this thing, please read these in the lecture notes here. But if one goes out factoring this thing, you see that it factors as x plus 3 and x minus 1 squared. So this tells us specifically that our x-intercepts are going to equal negative 3 and positive 1, all right? And our y-intercept here was 3. Now, I'll be honest, when it comes to James Stewart's list right here, I go out of order all the time. And so honestly, I like to plot things along the way. Don't necessarily wait until the end. So we know that there's x-intercepts at negative 3 and 1, so let's actually put those. I have some good lines down here. So what did we figure out here? It was, had an x-intercept at 1. So I'm gonna draw a dot right here at 1. And it's a good idea to label your picture so it's clear to everyone what you have here, 1 comma 0. We had an x-intercept at 3, didn't we? Negative 3, I mean. So we get negative 3 comma 0. And then we also had a y-intercept. It was at 3. Get a picture like this. And then so that's 0 comma 3, all right? And so we'll come back to this in just a second. So we've plotted the x-intercepts and the y-intercept. So let's come back up to symmetry. Well, with our function, we can test for symmetry. You can take f of negative x there, but really there's not gonna be any symmetry for this function. Again, I often just skip this step personally. If it doesn't become immediately obvious to me whether they're symmetry or not, I just kind of run away from symmetry. Sorry, but it's reality. If you take f of negative x, that doesn't simplify to be f of x or negative f of x. In terms of discontinuities, well, it's a polynomial so it's continuous, right? There's really no issues to do with discontinuities here. Things that we should look out for with discontinuities is gonna be dividing by zero. That often gives us a discontinuity. Jump discontinuities will come about oftentimes from a piecewise function. So not a lot to worry about there. In behavior, well, when it comes to a polynomial function, the in behavior is determined entirely by the leading coefficient, or the leading term I should say. Since you have this x cubed as the leading term, as x goes to infinity, as x goes to infinity, you're gonna get that x cubed approaches infinity as well. And as x approaches negative infinity, x cubed will approach negative infinity as well. And that's because odd powers will keep the sign. So if you go to negative infinity, odds will go to negative infinity. Even powers will always go to positive infinity. And so for polynomials, you just have to look at the leading term there. All right, let's start now with our first derivative here. Now, unfortunately, we can't see the original function. So let me write it back on the screen for us right here. So our original function was x cubed plus x squared minus 5x plus three. So this was the original function y. So as we calculate y prime, we can just use the usual power rule, in which case we give very quickly y, a three y squared plus two x, I'm sorry, why'd I say y? Three x squared plus two x minus five. And as we wanna find the critical numbers, we need to figure out what makes this thing go to zero. This is a quadratic polynomial. This one takes a little bit more to factor. Again, you can use the quadratic formula, you can use some various techniques of factoring like this factorization by group supplies right here. And I'm gonna refer you to the lecture notes if you wanna see some more details about this right here. And again, for anyone who's not sure, there is a link in the description of the video for the lecture notes where you can get the script that I'm following right now. You can download it from my website. But if you factor this thing, you'll end up with x minus one and three x plus five, which then tells us that our critical numbers are one and negative five thirds. Now, this might feel a little bit like deja vu, but it's like, wait a second, x equals one. We saw that one before, it was an x intercept, but it could be the next intercept is also a critical number, not a big deal. Now, at this moment, we could start to do the first derivative test to help us know whether these are extreme values, maxes or minns, but we're actually gonna do the second derivative test in just a moment, because we're gonna calculate the second derivative. And therefore, we'll actually come back to these things to determine whether they're max or min. Now, with respect to these points right here, we do wanna graph these critical numbers, whatever they turn out to be maximum or minimum, if it's a max or min, we wanna graph them. So we are gonna have to compute y equals f of one. We already know that's a zero. We also have to compute y equals f, or y equals f of negative five-thirds. That one's not as obvious. You'll have to do a calculation there. It's gonna turn out to be 256 divided by 27. Feel free to use a decimal right here if you want to. And so before we go on, I do wanna graph those critical points on the graph right there. We already had one, x equals one, right? That was one of them. So let's do the other one. The x coordinate was negative five-thirds. Just so you know, negative five-thirds is really close to negative two. So we're gonna draw a little bit to the right of negative two. And then the 2256 over 27, that's a tiny bit bigger than nine. So we're gonna draw that just about right here. This is our critical one. And again, label all the points, negative five-thirds comma 256 over 27, like so. And so already with these dots we have right here, we have some x intercepts right here and right here. We have a point. I'm already sort of believing that this, it seems very likely we have a local maximum right here. But again, we'll go through the whole derivative test to make sure as we talk about the second derivative here. All right, so for the second derivative, we have to take the derivative now of the derivative. So y double prime is gonna equal 6x plus two. This should equal zero for which you can divide everything by two, because six and two are both even. So we get 3x plus one equals zero, 3x equals negative one, and then x equals negative one-third. And so this right here represents our PPI. That is a potential point of inflection. It could be an inflection point. We don't exactly know yet. We're actually gonna build our sign chart to help us with this information here. Now, in the meanwhile, we could start graphing this thing. We have this x equals negative one-third. It'll be useful to compute its y-coordinate. When you're looking for y-coordinate, you're always gonna put this back into the original function, the original function f of negative one-third. That one turns out to be 128 over 27. And we can graph that below. Negative one-third, it's gonna be to the left of the x-axis. And 128 over 27, that's just a little bit less than, a little bit less than five. So we get a point about right here, all right? And also feel free to label it negative one-third comma 128 over 27. All right, so we could try to connect the dots right here, but I do wanna kind of do our sign chart so we see exactly what's going on here. I'm gonna put it right here, so there's some space. So when you're building your sign chart, what I want you to do is draw a line that kind of represents the x-axis. And I want you to do a mark for each and every critical number and PPI. So we had a critical number and negative five-thirds. Draw them in ascending order. We had a PPI at negative one-third and then we had a final one at one, right? And consider what the second derivative does with these functions, at these values here. Now negative one, so the second derivative was a linear function, remember? We saw it above right here, it was 6x plus two. And because it's a linear function with a positive slope of six, it'll be increasing, increasing, increasing. For always, it'll be below the x-axis until it hits its intercept, which is negative one-third, and then it'll be positive forever afterwards, all right? And so interpreting this right here, it will, we have negative, negative, positive, positive. So if we think about our critical numbers, because it's concave down, so it's gonna be concave down at this interval right here, it's concave down at negative five-thirds, that means you have a sad face, oh, how sad that is, because it was concave down at the critical number. On the other hand, at x equals one, it's concave up because we have these positive values right here, in which case we draw a little happy face, he's so happy to see us. And so it's concave up, and it's gonna be positive right here, meaning that we have a local minimum at one, we have a local maximum at negative five-thirds. And if we think about what is the first derivative doing right here, if you have a local maximum, that means it was increasing, then decreasing, decreasing, and then increasing. And so we wanna put all this together, right? Make sure we have all the appropriate behavior about monotonicity and concavity. So this point of inflection is gonna happen at negative one-third, it's gonna be increasing, decreasing, I often like to draw the picture from the inflection point. So to the left of negative one-third, it should look like it's concave down. Negative five-thirds is a local max, whoops, kinda missed it there, whoops, a daisy. Also got a little extra inflection that I didn't need there, let me try that again. So we're concave downward, you have a local maximum. Oh, I missed it again, oh well. So you can see the behavior here that it was increasing and then decreasing because we had a maximum and then it's concave downward in this region. Then when you're past negative one-third, it should be concave up. You'll be decreasing until you hit one and then you can be increasing after that, all right? And so now we have a pretty good picture of our graph here, our polynomial. Now what I actually have on the next page is a computer-generated image of what we just created here. And you can see that, hey, I think I did pretty okay. Not the best drawing I've ever done in the world, certainly is not the worst either, but we can see that behavior we were seeing before. We see that it was concave down right here. It was concave up right here. We found that point of inflection. It was increasing, decreasing, increasing because we found this max and this min. And so we found all this information just from the formula. And so our graph is actually fairly accurate compared to what we had on the computer.


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OK, so we're looking at this double bonded structure. It's called an alkane. What we were saying is that when you have just one sigma bond or a single bond, you can rotate freely around that bond. So does everybody see me being able to rotate freely? I can hold either side of those and rotate, rotate, rotate. You guys see that? But once you get to a double bond or a triple bond, for that matter, free rotation becomes impossible. So do you guys see me trying to rotate the double bond? It's not happening. So effectively, what we have in this structure is these two big groups, these two methyl groups, they're called, fixed in their orientation relative to each other. We cannot turn this thing. In order to make this methyl group be up here, we would have to break this bond, break this bond, reform this bond, and reform this bond. So you guys see that? It's a different structure. So when I turn this, this is not a different structure than this. Is everybody OK with that? But when I break a bond and reform a bond, that is a different structure. So free rotation does not make a different structure. That's like me going like this. And you're saying, OK, that's a different person, which you know it's not. So free rotation does not make me a new heat.  But anyways, we call these things alkene, these things with double bonds. When the big groups are opposite of each other, that's trans. Or e, you'll see. E is this weird German word that we won't get in. So you can either call it trans or opposite of each other. When they're on the same side as each other, we call this cis or c. So a way that people remember this is z is on the same side. So if you want to remember that, that one. It's the easy way to remember it. So let's go back to what we were talking about last time. In this double bond, how many sigma bonds are there? One. And how many pi bonds? One. Is this the same structure as this? Same molecule as this? Are these the same molecule? What did I just say five minutes ago? Why not? Because you can't, you have to break the bond and reform. So watch the video if you said they're the same structure. Any other questions on this? Or any questions besides my questions for you guys? OK.


I said the same thing to myself. And so everyone starts moving the font size up, but like everyone knows, and you can't really trick the teacher, and I feel bad seeing as I was an English teacher in a former life. But even I was trying to bump that font. I'm Shannon. I'm the VP of social here at GoDaddy, and this is School of Hustle, the show where we find advice and inspiration from people who are making their own way. Today we're filming from the heart of the hustle in New York City. We're filming at the WeWork Time Square. We have a live studio audience, and a fantastic guest. This is Gabe Whaley. He is the founder and mastermind behind Mischief Internet Studios. You probably know Mischief from things like late night snap hacks, man eating food, burrito time, time's newer Roman font. Gabe, welcome to the show. Hey, Shannon, thanks for having me. And I am so excited to have you because I have seen all of these ideas that you have put out there, and they're really fantastic. I hope you wasted a ton of time on our stuff. Mischief is so fascinating to me, and your website says we create internet for the internet. What does it mean to create internet?  Like, there are mediums of storytelling that we're all familiar with, but I think, you know, thanks to the internet, there are other untapped mediums to like deliver emotion, and we're not really thinking about it. However, what we figured out is, like, you can take words and images and videos and combine these with technology to create experiences that end up leaving a little bit more of, like, a little more oomph in the story. A great example of this would be the Times New Roman Font. After we launched this, and it was like, on Good Morning America, and everyone was talking about it, people actually came to us and said, so are you guys like a type design studio?  Do you like making fonts? It's like, no, no, no. We actually don't care about fonts. That's not the point, but we figured out that this was a good medium to deliver an emotion that would surprise and delight the internet. So let's unpack what it is, because when I heard about Times New Roman Font, I said, where were you when I was in college or high school, when the teacher said, write a five page essay. I said the same thing to myself. Where was I? So everyone starts moving the font size up, but like everyone knows, and you can't really trick the teacher, and I feel bad saying this, I was an English teacher and a former wife. But even I was trying to bump that font. Tell us about what Times New Roman actually is and does. So we took Times New Roman, the beloved font of all of our past times and maybe currently too, and we deconstructed it. We didn't just stretch the font, we actually rebuilt the font from the ground up, but each character is roughly five to 10% wider than its predecessor that inspired the idea. So what we did was we created a brand spanking new font that is undetectable to the naked eye, but we'll save you two to three pages on a 10 page paper. And what I love about it is you did get on Good Morning America and this caused quite a stir. Now you have one camp saying this is so brilliant and creative, but then you had other people saying you're cheating the system, people should be writing. But the point is, it's a conversation. We sparked a debate and it's an healthy debate. That's right, it's a point of view and it's a conversation. How do you ensure that you evoke a real emotion from the viewers who are engaging with what you're building? So a lot of people who might try to do something similar will think, okay, what's like a loud, stunty thing that we can do with technology? But the thing is, it's like technology is just the vessel. You have to start with the emotion. So for us, we break down on a whiteboard, just as rudimentary as possible, like how do we want to make the person feel at the end of the day? So Times New Roman is an excellent case study of this of like, we want to provide that nod and wink to the end user here. This is as mischievous as it gets. So how are we gonna do that? Well, let's take the font as our vessel, put it on a website that people can easily discover and share at TimesNewRoman.com and then release it into the wild for the internet to enjoy. And while some of the people who have enjoyed your work and engaged with your work are famous celebrities, you know, who are some of these people who have recognized your work and what are some of the things that they have said? The great thing about the internet is it democratizes access. So for example, we created this website called Late Night Snap Hacks with Casper, the mattress company.  And within a day of launching that, Ashton Kutcher was talking about it on Facebook. Saturday Night Live was posting about it. The Lonely Island was using it on their Snapchat. Like people were naturally finding it and saying, you know what, whether I'm an influencer or a celebrity or just like an everyday human being, we all relate to that like social pressure that technology creates. And so Mischief is able to create our own technology in response to the way we live right now. Going to start my own business and I'm going to create internet, right? Tell me about that. I mean, like, how did you find the courage to do this? I mean, it's like, I have to first acknowledge that I'm incredibly lucky and all of this comes with a lot of privilege. It definitely does. So the dream was always just like, how can I figure out how to make a living and get paid to do what I was going to do anyways?  Like, how can you not take advantage of like what we can do instead of like limiting ourselves to like current paradigms? I love that.  All right. How do you want to feel? Give yourself a little shake and just kind of get ready. Let's go, let's do it. I feel like you shuffle the cards. The spirit of the game is we set the clock for 60 seconds and you try to get through as many questions as you can. So Jonathan, can you please set a timer? Let's roll. Two, one, go. First celebrity crush. Oh man, Charlie's. Thera, time it takes you to get ready in the morning. Five minutes. First place you'll visit when you retire? Durham, North Carolina. Sashimi or rolls? Sashimi. Most powerful emotion, anger or love? Love. Fireplace or fire pit? Fireplace. Peanut butter, cups or M&Ms? Peanut butter cups. Which would you rather add to your life? Time or value? Time. Football, NFL or soccer? Soccer. King size or fun size? King size. The best chocolate in the world comes from blank? Masked brothers. Favorite part of a s'more? The graham cracker. Which Hogwarts house would you be sorted into? Slytherin. Chocolate, milk or dark? Chocolate, yeah, chocolate milk. Drive stick shift, drive automatic? Automatic. If a GD granted you three wishes, what would you wish for? An extra wish. And? Two more. Oh, two more. One million dollars and... And? Oh man, a Ferrari. Nice job. Thank you. Would you consider a made-it moment for Mischief? Yeah, it's crazy, but it was our first thing. Really? When I started Mischief roughly three years ago, Casper had reached out. And that was sort of the impetus to be like, hey, I think this can be a thing, so let's see if they'll actually pay for this. But then the next test was, okay, they paid for it, now we need to create it and make sure it works. So the Casper suite of products that we created was a test. And that was definitely a make or break moment because we're trying to ferry an art form on the internet that doesn't really exist from a capitalist commerce perspective and create a market for ourselves. So Late Night Snap X was a huge hit and that was the first thing that we ever put out. And then naturally, any smart marketer controlling budget is like, well, you did it once, but can you do it twice? And we're like, oh, dang it, we just did it. Like we did what we said we would. So we went back and we created a chat bot, an SMS bot that only works between the hours of 11 p.m. and 5 a.m. It's called the Insomno Bot 3000. And the idea was, sometimes there are moments, no matter if you're sleeping on a Casper mattress or not, where you just can't fall asleep and you feel lonely and there's no one else to talk to because the rest of the world is fast asleep. So we created this weird sort of lackadaisical, like stream of consciousness bot that would literally talk to you about anything, but it only works at a certain time. So if you would text it during the day and be like, sorry, I'm really busy right now, my boss is looking over my shoulder maybe later and then at 11 p.m. it would be like, okay, you up, let's chat, let's just like hang out. And people loved it. It was another hit. We see advertising right now as, we all exist in a system where brands are incentivized to wave at as many strangers as they possibly can for the lowest rates. Unfortunately, they're not incentivized to get a wave back. It's really just like, if you wave at enough people, you'll eventually capture enough. But for us, we want to help brands wave at people and the people wave back and they're like, hey, I see you.  I understand you. And that's kind of how we're trying to make our art form of the internet relevant for brands. Well, along this journey, what's the best advice that you've gotten along the way? The best advice. I mean, there's the classic, like when you feel like giving up, keep going. Yeah. Sounds cliche, but it is so true because more often than not, I will hit that point in myself where it's like, this isn't worth it anymore.  It's tiring. Like there's so many emotions at play and I'm always balancing so many different things at one time.  And for us, we play in the world where we have to come up with ideas so good that they find the audience organically every time. It's go big or go home. It's be infamous or be obsolete. But in the back of my head, I remind myself that the difference between like the ones who succeed and the ones who don't is that sort of like technical moment where you're like, oh, I feel like quitting right now. Now is definitely not the time to quit. Like I have to not quit right at this moment. And you just have to be aware enough to recognize when that moment comes up and just sort of have it pre-programmed in your mind. So I'll start out like our bottom line, which is our output, the internet that we create for the internet. Like everything that we do needs to like surprise and delight the internet. That's our mission at the end of the day. So that's like one level. The other level is, I guess like on a more personal basis. Like I have a specific, I guess, brand on how I see the world. And for me, at the end of the day, just like I want people to think regardless of what they're doing, but like whatever your output is, are you thinking about the emotional component to it? Are you thinking about how you're gonna make someone feel how this is going to leave an impression? Like is that first and foremost in your mind? Cause your job might be based on like spreadsheets or conversions, but at the end of the day, we are all still human. And if we like let that guide us and guide all of our decisions, I think we'll be okay. I think we'll all be around for a little bit longer than we think we're gonna be. Next for you. Well, like it's particularly in this next year, we're actually designating 30% of our output to be non-branded. As we start exploring like content formats and possible like media properties that are wholly mis-shift owned. So that's a big sort of strategic shift coming into the new year. And then like we're starting to do like bigger deals with bigger brands as they come to us and figure out like, okay, what's our sort of always-on strategy to make hits and distribute hits on the internet consistently over time. Well, I have two last questions and they're not written by me. First comes from our tribe. This question comes from Gianna. How do you go about getting started in your job search once you've graduated school? You know, the best advice I have for that is figure out what you like to do already. Whether it's like for a job or not. I mean, we do fortunately live in this millennial laced world where your passion can potentially turn into something that is lucrative from a financial perspective. And so for me, I just continued like doing things. And as long as you keep doing things, you will put yourself in positions where good things can happen. That's great, thank you. And that's helpful. Now, the last question comes from a pug who we call Noodle. Now, Noodle is just so fascinating because Noodle has grown an Instagram following of 50,000 followers. Yeah, I'm gonna hire Noodle after this. Okay.  Noodle wants to expand into the internet and I, you know, kind of be successful everywhere, not just Instagram. So what kind of advice would you have for somebody who really wants to be able to be big everywhere outside of that one app Instagram? Oh, so you're asking for Noodle's cross channel. That's right. Cross channel strategy. Yeah, Noodle wants to get cross channel. So you've already dominated Instagram.  I think you could do some good stuff on YouTube. It's, you know, take the lessons you learned from Instagram. How did you build a 50,000 follower account? So you figure out how do you tie all the magical qualities of this guy to a platform like YouTube. What are, what kind of videos is Noodle's putting out? And then- I would watch those videos. Yeah, I mean, I would watch. You're sure? You did great at School of Hustle. I would watch Noodle. There's one last thing. And I like to leave everybody with like a final thought. And I want to close on a piece of motivation and advice. Would you like to pick it? Would you like me or Noodle to pick it? I'll channel Noodle's energy and choose this one. Okay, this comes from Jim Rohn. Don't wish it were easier. Wish you were better. So what do you think that means? Do we like that? For me, that's kind of like, you know, it's easy to complain about the scenarios we're in. And something that I definitely learned through this whole experience with mischief is complaining doesn't get you anywhere. Because there's always somebody else who's not gonna complain, who's gonna figure it out and get over it. So just really ask yourself, am I really pushing it? Does it have to be easier or can I do something? Right? So I like this. I think this is great. I'm into it. I hope everyone else liked it as well. We bring School of Hustle to you every week. Follow us on GoDaddy Social. We put these out on Instagram TV, YouTube, Facebook Premiere, teasers on LinkedIn, and Twitter, we're everywhere. Please follow us, subscribe on YouTube. Let us know what you think. And we'll see you again soon. Thanks a lot, everybody.


Hello everybody! In today's video, I'll tell you what to do if an external hard disk or USB drive connected to your computer doesn't show up in the Windows Explorer, but other devices such as printers, scanners or mice are detected properly. I'll show you how to enable and configure USB ports if they are disabled or not working. Hello friends! If you need to recover deleted data, view or restore removed browser history. Hetman software products will help you. Follow the link in the description. Download the necessary program for free. Install it and analyze the disk. The utility will show you the data you can recover, so you will be able to view it or get it back. In our channel and blog, you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it, to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments, under the videos or articles. In the first case, a computer with a probably installed operating system works fine, but if you plug in any external storage device, a pen drive, hard disk or a memory card, they are not shown in the Windows Explorer. At the same time, this computer can recognize the printer, mouse and keyboard, which are also plugged into its USB ports. The first step should be checking the USB ports for a parability, but as long as the computer can work properly with other USB devices, it doesn't make sense. There must be a kind of software problem, a service which is disabled or a certain setting, which has been modified. The other scenario is when any USB device you plug into the USB port doesn't work at all. Most likely, there is a problem with the USB port – it can be disabled or they may be a driver issue, etc. In a few minutes, we will explore how to fix the problem in each of the cases. Let's explore the case with USB ports which are not working. The first step is to check the USB port for possible physical damage. Just plug a device into the port and check if it fits tight. If the port is damaged, try another one. Before doing anything more serious, restart the computer. If nothing changes, you can move on with more complicated methods. Open the Device Manager, right-click on the Start menu and choose Device Manager. In the Manager, look for universal serial bus controllers. When they align, USB host controller. If it's absent, this could be the root of the problem. Click here to scan for hardware changes. The computer will check all the equipment connected to it and update its configuration. Now, host controller may appear on the list. If it doesn't happen, try the following – remove all controllers. Remember, when you work on a computer using a mouse and a keyboard connected via USB ports, they will stop working as soon as you remove the controllers. But there's nothing to worry about – they will work fine again as soon as you restart the computer. So, right-click on the controller and install Device. After that, restart the computer. If the mouse and the keyboard stop working at this stage, you can restart the PC by pressing the corresponding button on the system unit. USB Selective Suspense Setting is a power saving option in the Windows operating system which suspends supply of power to a USB device in order to extend the period of the computer's work on battery. To turn it off, go to Settings, System, Power & Sleep, Related Settings, Additional Power Settings. In the Power Options window that opens, hit the link Change Plan Settings. In the new window, click on Change Advanced Power Settings. Click for the setting Disable USB Selective Suspense. Set Disable for these two values. Click Apply. OK. Now the operating system will not disable its USB ports temporarily to save power. Also, you can disable this setting with the Windows registry. Press the key shortcut Windows plus R and type Reguided in the Run window. Control-based mouse, HKE Lock-on Machine, System, Current Control Set, Services, USB. If there is no USB folder there, create it. Right-click on the Services folder, New, Key, USB. In the USB key, create a DWORD32 value with the following names. Disable Selective Suspense. And assign the value data one. OK. Now the USB Selective Suspense setting is disabled for your computer. For the changes to take effect, the computer needs to be restunted. If the port still doesn't work, it must be a hardware problem. USB ports are quite easy to break, and USB flash drives may act as a lever of pressure to destroy electrical contacts inside the ports. Quite often it happens to laptops when users put them into their bags, but forget to remove a USB drive sticking out from the side of their portable computer. Still, this is a simple mechanical defect that can be eliminated. Most likely you will have to contact a PC repair specialist. If the USB ports are in good condition, but a USB drive is not showing up in the Windows Explorer when you plug the drive into the port, that problem might be caused by certain system services or wrong system settings. To find out, open Disk Management. Right-click on the Start menu and select Line Disk Management. Now check if the drive is showing up here. If the USB port and the drive are fine, Disk Drive will be listed as available in the Disk Management window. Just right-click on it and assign the drive letter manually. After that, the drive will appear in Disk PC folder. The problem with the drive letter not assigned automatically often happens when the virtual disk service is not running. To exclude this possibility, check the service. Type services in the search field and find this service on the list. Right-click on it and select Properties. Set the startup type to Automatic and start the service. After that, restart the computer and check if the drives work properly. If this method doesn't help, you may have the AutoMount function disabled, somehow. By default, this function is enabled.  For example, antivirus tools and utilities working with disk images may do it. You can learn the status of this service with the help of the command prompt. Run it as administrator and type the command Disk port. Then press Enter. Then type another command, AutoMount. Perform it and, as a result, you will see if this function is enabled. If it is off, type the command AutoMount enable and press Enter. The corresponding notification will appear to inform you that AutoMount is now active. Restart the computer and try to plug an external storage device or a pen drive to the USB port. If everything is well, it must show up in the Windows Explorer at last. And that is all for now. Hopefully, this video was useful. Remember to click the Like button and subscribe to our channel. Hit the bell button to receive notifications and never miss new videos. Leave comments to ask questions. Thank you for watching. Good luck.