More than 100 years ago, wounded American veterans returned home from the European battlefields of World War I. They found a nation plagued by incredibly limited resources and a weakened economy. What's more, the government was ill-prepared to confront the realities of wartime service. That's why, in 1920, disabled war hero Judge Robert Marx formed a group called Disabled American Veterans of the World War. This band of combat-wounded veterans gave a voice to those forever changed by war. Since its founding, DAV has remained focused on serving and advocating for all generations of veterans. And despite the unforeseen challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic this year, our organization continues to step up to the plate as it has throughout the past century. Last August, DAV marked the beginning of its centennial celebration with your selection of our national officers, highlighted by the election of National Commander Butch Whitehead, a combat-disabled veteran of the war in Iraq with 27 years of service in the Army National Guard and the first post-911 veteran to hold the organization's highest post. After taking the reins at our National Convention in Orlando, Commander Whitehead returned home and immediately went to work at the Minnesota Assistant Council for Veterans' Homeless Stand-Down at Target Field in Minneapolis, where he visited with homeless veterans to make them aware of the benefits available to them and DAV services. Veterans, we every day is a different day. Today we can be doing just fine and tomorrow something changes and DAV. Being partnered with events like this event today at MACV just shows that we're connected with the right agencies out there to help every veteran live a quality of life that they have earned. The following month, Commander Whitehead and other veteran service organizations took action by sending a letter to the president regarding the VA stay on Blue Water Navy disability claims, which were made available through the signing of the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019 earlier in the summer. DAV staff in Washington led the charge by hosting a press conference with congressional leaders and other VSOs on the steps of the Capitol where they called on the president to overrule the VA's decision so Blue Water Navy Vietnam veterans who have wrongly been denied benefits and health care for decades would receive the benefits they've earned through their service and exposure to Agent Orange. They are calling directly on President Trump to end the wait for Blue Water Navy Vietnam veterans. In early October, DAV marked the fifth anniversary of the dedication of the American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial in Washington with a ceremony in which veterans from each wartime generation laid a wreath representing their brothers and sisters in arms. Special guests included VA Undersecretary for Benefits Dr. Paul Lawrence, who represented all World War II veterans, past national commanders Paul Jackson of the Korean War, Gene Murphy who served in Vietnam, and Delphine Mattcalf Foster of the Gulf War, while Commander Whitehead represented the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Not long after that, the commander picked back up on focusing on veterans in need by joining DAV staff for the annual homeless stand down at national headquarters. Later in the month, he was able to assist fellow members of the Department of Minnesota to keep a local veteran in his home through much needed renovations made possible through the Wells Fargo Foundation Veterans WINS grant program, which donated $100,000 to support DAV programs and services for disabled veterans. November turned into an eventful month for Commander Whitehead as he rejoined the military to serve as the command sergeant major of the Army National Guard's 34th Infantry Division, a post that requires him to lead more than 15,000 soldiers spanning eight states and allows him to keep his finger on the pulse of emerging veterans issues. A week later, Commander Whitehead represented DAV while laying a wreath at Arlington National Cemetery's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier before joining Minnesota Military Radio to discuss various veterans issues during a 45 minute show focused exclusively on DAV. In February, the commander who also serves as Executive Director of the Disabled American Veterans of Minnesota Foundation joined the Department of Minnesota members at an ice fishing event for women veterans. The event allowed for camaraderie as well as the opportunity to discuss issues affecting women veterans. Later that month, Commander Whitehead returned to D.C. to testify before Congress at a joint session of the House and Senate Veterans Affairs Committee during our annual midwinter conference. There, he laid out DAV's legislative priorities to lawmakers beginning with the need for Congress to override the VA's decision to delay adding four pending diseases to the list of Agent Orange presumptive conditions until the end of 2020. If the VA will not take the right action, then in the name of justice, you must. Our Vietnam veterans have waited long enough. The commander also advocated for the passage of the Veterans Burn Pits Exposure Recognition Act, a DAV conceptualized piece of legislation that would formally concede that veterans who served near burn pits were exposed to harmful chemicals and toxins and make it easier to prove direct service connection in their VA disability claims. Commander Whitehead pressed lawmakers on other topics, such as addressing gaps in inequities in programs and services for women veterans and strengthening veterans' mental health care and suicide prevention programs. The commander himself is an ambassador for the President's roadmap to empower veterans and end a national tragedy of suicide or prevents a program focused on community integration, research, and implementation strategies to prevent veteran suicide. He also spoke to DAV's dedication to improving benefits for spouses and survivors of disabled veterans, citing the organization's work to include a provision in the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, which was signed into law, that will completely eliminate the survivor benefit plan, dependency, and identity compensation offset by 2023. During his testimony, Commander Whitehead also told Congress that DAV would be monitoring the full and faithful implementation of the VA Mission Act, noting the VA's failure to meet the October 1, 2019 deadline for expanding the caregiver program to pre-911 veterans. Despite 16 months to prepare, the VA failed to implement the required IT solution and delayed the expansion until later the summer at the earliest. This is simply unacceptable. We call in Congress to take whatever actions are necessary to mandate that the VA end of the delay and begin caregiver's expansion immediately. DAV continues to be the nationwide leader in representing veterans and their clients for benefits, fighting to ensure they receive justice for the sacrifices they've made during service. With more than 1.1 million powers of attorney, DAV provided representation for more than 210,000 VA claims and helped veterans and family members obtain more than $21 billion in earned benefits in 2019. DAV's disaster relief program also continued making an impact by aiding our fellow veterans across the nation who unfortunately found themselves victims of natural disasters such as the tornadoes in Nashville. Over the past five years, the program has provided nearly $4 million to veterans affected by natural disasters. This year, however, our service department has been called upon for a different reason than in the past and it has stepped up to show why we're the best in the business of serving veterans each and every day. Through the teamwork of our service and fundraising departments, DAV established a COVID-19 Unemployment Relief Fund to assist veterans who have lost jobs or income as a result of the pandemic. So far, more than 6,000 veterans have received more than $1.5 million in relief. Our accounting department also played an integral role in very quickly cutting hand processing and mailing these checks. While the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the closure of our offices to in-person traffic across the country, DAV immediately set up a nationwide call system to allow our national service officers and employees to triage disability claims and provide normal benefits services uninterrupted to those in need from home. After bringing in more than 35,000 attendees in 2019, the coronavirus outbreak also necessitated moving the balance of this year's nationwide 125 in-person job fairs with recruit military to virtual events where they have seen a dramatic uptick in participation. Since 2014, over 207,000 attendees have received more than 146,000 job offers through these events. These efforts, along with our partnership with Hiring America's Televised Veteran Employment Series, highlight DAV's growing influence in this area. First released in 2018, the Veteran Advantage, DAV's guide to hiring and retaining veterans with disabilities, remains as the organization's premier tool in educating employers on the benefits of hiring America's veterans. The first of its kind hiring guide, which was a result of four years of research into what the veteran community contributes to the workforce, dispels myths for employers and demonstrates the business case for how hiring veterans can positively impact the company and bolster its bottom line. This year, our membership department ramped up its efforts to recruit new members through a new initiative called Recruit a Warrior, a program designed to help our members reach as many veterans as possible with just a few clicks of a mouse. By signing up for and sharing personalized recruit a warrior links on social media, members can collect recruitment points to be used toward DAV gear and other rewards. The department also developed the ability to provide chapters and departments with hot lists of veterans who are eligible to join DAV. These lists not only allow our local organizations and recruiters the ability to invite prospective members to join our ranks, but they're also a great way to extend DAV's mission of service into our communities. For 2019, DAV Transportation Network driver spent more than 1.2 million hours logging over 20.5 million miles and providing more than 615,000 rides to veterans at no cost.  But for them I couldn't go to the VA so I'm really grateful for them. Since 1987, DAV chapters and departments along with the National Service Foundation's Columbia Trust have donated more than 3,400 vehicles at a cost of more than 79 million dollars to the program while Ford Motor Company, which has been a loyal friend of DAV since Henry Ford provided 50 Model T to bring Disabled World War I veterans to our second national convention in 1922, has donated more than 230 vehicles worth more than 5.4 million dollars. Before COVID-19 necessitated the first ever cancellation of the National Disabled Veterans Winter Sports Clinic this year, DAV once again teamed up with the VA to co-present the National Disabled Veterans T Tournament in Iowa in 2019. Among the participants was the first ever recipient of the DAV Freedom Award at the event, Army Vietnam Veteran and former DAV National Service Officer Bill Kaywood. A combat wounded DAV life member, Bill stood out as a shining example of how the national event promotes rehabilitation, fellowship and camaraderie among disabled veterans through adaptive sports. With all these events you get, I think as the young guys college you get stoked and then the more you get stoked the smaller your disabilities get. They become more diminished. These type of activities just really bond you together with other veterans and it helps everybody in the group to try to aspire to new levels of places they may never have reached before. DAV also challenged members and supporters during our Centennial year to take part in a new voluntary services campaign, 100 Acts of Honor, to contribute to the historical celebrations by completing 100 Acts of Honor for veterans in their local communities. The Charitable Service Trust supports dozens of unique initiatives that provide injured and ill veterans rehabilitative and emotional therapy, transition assistance, employment support, emergency relief and a range of other services. Last year the Trust received a perfect score from charity navigator for sound fiscal management and commitment to accountability and transparency. It was the 15th time the Trust has received a coveted four star rating from America's largest independent charity evaluator since first being evaluated in 2002 and the acknowledgement speaks volumes about the Trust's careful and efficient stewardship of donated funds as more than 95 cents of every dollar donated to the Trust went to programs that directly support veterans. We have also continued expanding our social media reach with 53 million interactions on Facebook, 4.9 million interactions on Twitter, 2.8 million on Instagram and 1.8 million on LinkedIn. Additionally our public service announcements garnered 9.1 billion impressions at an earned media value of nearly 120 million dollars in 2019. DAV also began a partnership with Ultimate Fighting Championship to highlight the organization and the impact it makes in the lives of veterans. In early October, the UFC provided a unique training opportunity for a group of DAV members. Former UFC Champion and Hall of Famer Forrest Griffin hosted a mixed martial arts inspired workout for DAV Ambassador and Army veteran C.C. Mazik, DAV's 2016 Outstanding Disabled Veteran of the Year Bobby Boddy and DAV's National Service Officer Mike Franco at the UFC Performance Institute in Las Vegas. Today I had the opportunity to take some DAV veterans through some MMA style workouts through a little punch. In November, UFC invited National Commander Butch Whitehead and other DAV members to UFC 244 at New York City's Madison Square Garden where the organization was put front and center during the event's broadcast. Leading up to Memorial Day, DAV introduced a new DAV Honor Wall tool which helped thousands of grateful Americans create personalized videos and messages about fallen veterans and reach millions of people to honor their sacrifices. In 2019, we also continued our partnership with Golden Corral through the restaurant's Military Appreciation Night which provides free meals to veterans around Veterans Day. The annual event raised more than $15 million for DAV since the event began in 2001. We also entered into a new partnership with EG America in 2019 which is one of the nation's largest convenience store retailers. From the funds raised during their in-store fundraising campaign inviting customers to make donations to DAV, they provided DAV with a donation of $1 million. Needless to say, we were very grateful for this level of support and we are very excited to have EG America as part of the DAV family. We also continued our partnership with A&W restaurants which, like DAV, has been a part of America for a century. To show their appreciation for the men and women who have sacrificed so much, A&W stores collected customer donations from early July up to National Root Beer Float Day in August resulting in a $170,000 donation to DAV. Government CIO, which donated $100,000 of DAV in 2019 and 2020 respectively, also stepped up in a big way during our COVID-19 Unemployment Relief fundraising efforts. Employees, partners and members of Government CIO's network raised $15,000 for the relief fund before the company added another $25,000 donation to help DAV assist veterans in need. Thanks goes to all our corporate partners for helping DAV fulfill our mission throughout the year. It is through their generosity that we are able to make differences in the lives of our nation's heroes. Supporting us in this effort, the Fight for Caregivers and more is the DAV Auxiliary which had a busy year under the guidance of Commander Diane Frans. Through their unmatched dedicated service to local community veterans, Commander Frans, National Agent at Pat Kemper and the rest of our friends and allies in the Auxiliary continued their National Caregiver Initiative to assist with funding caregiver and companion activities for DAV events. The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly brought challenging times for our nation, its veterans and their families, but DAV, an organization of veterans serving veterans, has adapted to continue meeting the needs of those we serve throughout the last year. Our dedicated members, volunteers and supporters serve as an inspiration to make sure our government and our organization do right by those forever changed in service. I'm proud of all we've accomplished over the past year and I look forward to another year serving alongside you to keep our promises to America's veterans and their families.


Hello and welcome to the Grand Line Review, your source for everything One Piece and today we are, rather unfortunately, not going to be reviewing a manga chapter because Weekly Shonen Jump is on break, but my review senses are a-tingling nonetheless, so today we're going to do something weird, something very weird and review are the One Piece reviewers. Now why am I doing this? Well, I can't say I have any good reason other than I thought it might be fun because I was researching One Piece YouTubers for a video I did on spoilers and thumbnails and titles and I realized that there are a ton of people out there, an unfathomable amount really, who are giving this YouTube business a real go and so I want to say that this video is going to be focusing on reviewing specifically small channels because the big guys have enough exposure as it is and I also thought that since I'm anticipating a lot of facecam stuff that I would get into the spirit of things and what we are going to do is play the role of a One Piece fan who is keenly searching for a new chapter review and in this case that's going to be chapter 976, which incidentally there may be spoilers for Act 3 of Wano given that we are actively seeking out chapter reviews so there is your spoiler warning if you do not wish to proceed but otherwise I am super keen to see what these up-and-coming YouTubers have to offer and links to their channels will be in the description below if you're keen on checking them out. So let us begin. Sierra the Goat! Alright you had me until you said fan translation look I can't really blame you I mean IU Scans is my review material for such a huge part of this channel's life and it does help you get your review out there faster which is one of the very few competitive advantages that newer channels can easily get but still I'll tell you what I do like about this though which you may not initially or in fact ever pick up on but the shot is actually framed quite nicely specifically in regards to the background so if you're an aspiring YouTuber and you don't have a treasure trope of wee bar artifacts like say but if you don't have said wee bar artifacts to put in your background then this is the way to do it because whether it's intentional or not Sierra the goat is making use of the golden ratio I love it so basically one third of the background is the texture blinds and two thirds are the white wall not the most interesting background in the world but that is pretty much the best possible thing you could have done with it especially by using the corner of the room because this point here creates depth of image so Sierra the goat I am going to rate your channel as a super solid golden ratios out of three Dante de gaula excellent foreign language youtubers and it looks like we've hit a bit of a gold mine of personality with Dante here oh my god your shot changed it changed again what is this filter madness oh he's on his side this guy is too good to be true look I have no idea what Dante is saying but I love how he's saying it this guy has some pretty solid personality hiding behind those shades and the way he just continuously changes up the shot is uh oh it's it's definitely unique is that his whatsapp number in like the top left hand corner oh why would you do that oh that's just inviting trouble but look overall this guy isn't doing too badly at all he's confident quirky that is a recipe for success on youtube so we will be giving Dante five troll whatsapp calls out of five Eric price oh hello there Eric my name is Eric um so if you guys have been a long time followers of this channel of course I highly doubt a lot of you guys are uh you guys would know that mostly this channel has been dedicated to uh my parkour and uh wait a minute stop stop let's stop the video parkour you say man I would love to do parkour I'm just so unbelievably lazy whoa but back to the one piece review here's a cool thing once again intentionally I'm not just like Sierra the goat Eric has a golden ratio background we're roughly two-thirds of it are taken up by the straw hat jolly roger and to further third are the bounty posters on the sides so even though it's a more or less flat surface it does still have some visual flair our dress Rosa depends on how you say it I put way too many roles in the art but I like saying it I mean I guess that's canon now and you cannot pronounce it without holding a glass of wine which is awkward because I don't have one what I would say is that you have a nice disclaimer there about only drinking if you are of age which but if your channel does take off and you feature alcohol consumption in your videos then that can become something of a problem for youtube because it's not necessarily family friendly something else I'll say is that the room you're recording in is very much not ideal the walls look incredibly echoey and there's this very like noticeable hum during the end portion of the video which I don't know if that's like a fan or air conditioning but whatever it is it's there so basically if you have the time and or inclination I would suggest finding a new recording spot ideally with some sort of carpet flooring and also minimizing the echoes off the wall and maybe even looking into some post-production techniques to help that as well as maybe buying a couple of cheap softboxes to give you some more depth filled lighting but otherwise Eric you are going to score a perfect seven parkours out of seven gobb all right so cool here's our first review channel that like me does not make use of facecams but is instead using still images and gobb is chosen mainly to take clips from the anime which is a solid idea and it's something that I would do a lot more of if I felt safe doing it the issue is that using short clips in theory it absolutely comes under the banner of fair use especially for review or critical analysis based content however Japan to be quite frank doesn't care they happen to have their own set of standards and I would be super paranoid about using actual anime clips because they have a much larger chance of being detected by copyright bots what's worse though and you probably won't hear this because I'll have edited it out is that you use music from one piece which is great it creates a nice cohesive effect but using copyright music is almost certainly a death sentence for a channel you should avoid it at all costs because you will get flagged at some stage 100 guaranteed but something that I think God really has going for him is that his audio is probably the best we've heard so far it's not too echoey it's not peaking and it's consistently clear for all intents and purposes it is perfectly fine for youtube and the other thing I'll say at this point is be very cognizant of your vocabulary this is something that I am often very very guilty of using the same word over and over again because I just have it in my mind but try to identify where that is because otherwise something like the following happens monologue he said was mad the whole way he got introduced was mad I could say and it's mad to becoming one of the supernovas a cohort of rookie pirates although it adds the figure of blackbeard to their cohort but another cohort of the worst generation cohort of giants cohort of straw hats so yeah just try and be aware of when you're using the same words a bit too often I'm very guilty of that and it annoys me to no end but otherwise good stuff gobb we'll give you a sturdy three out of three to a copyright strikes for this one do you see the vincenzi how is everybody doing the people who watch my silly videos which are just now only one piece reactions because they don't really have time or will to do anything else nor do you need time to do anything else to seal one piece is of course the ultimate priority in life so I'm glad you have yourself sorted out so there's quite a lot that's being done well here right off the bat for a facecam video the shot is actually framed quite nicely in this really funky bedroom which has this beautiful like cove of depth at the back and the architecture of the walls very friendly for the eyes to casually travel across because you do need to remember when you're doing some static facecam stuff that people's eyes are going to want to wander so if you give them something to look at then that sustains their engagement at least that's what almost 10 years of working in theater design has taught me and something else to take note of is that you seal is not flatly lit there is very clearly a dominant light source coming from this direction but look at the effect it has on her face it gives it a hint of depth which once again just makes a person that much more interesting to look at than a flatly lit image so there's a lot of aesthetic merit here but I will say that just as with most people the sound here is very echoey which tells me that you are probably speaking into a flat wall and a quick fix to sort of help you out without investing too much money would be to just put a pillow in front of the wall you're speaking into so that the sound gets more absorbed and doesn't bounce violently back at you but you're still vincenzi we are going to award you with a perfect 10 out of 10 arbitrary grand line review logos mage welcome back to mage I'm Sean I'm Chris this is one piece chapter 976 on a friday on a friday you say okay that's sneaky thank you guys for reading some scans here all right okay stop here's something we should talk about so these guys are obviously the first double act we've seen revealing one piece here today and having another voice in your content brings a lot of benefits with it means that you don't always have to be on and you've got someone to bounce off it can be great however for that to work one of you always does need to be on because if you both take a step back then it results in situations like this and just to be clear I'm not making fun of these guys it's just that sort of inevitable moment of awkward that is going to happen early on in reviewing careers in fact it still happens to me and the only reason why you're not seeing it is because I edit them out and I also thought that since I'm anticipating a lot of facecam stuff that I would get into the spirit of things and we are going to play the role however on the other hand these guys sound Australian so it's hard for me to give them anything less than a total score of a perfect five lambingtons out of five veto night all right cool another guy not using a facecam okay so good things about veto night the audio is clear and crisp I think it could be much better with a little processing but whatever it's a great starting point now the music in the background is very recognizable it's a definite like distorted genres theme from part five of jojo and once again I will caution you unless you've rearranged this song for yourself just don't use it it's not worth the risk even though it is a beautiful track even when distorted actually here's something I don't like though one of the biggest problems I think newer reviewers have is that they just retell the chapter and that's fine there's a lot of people out there who want that sort of thing but that is a recap not a review and veto night does break it up and offer his thoughts on each event which is nice it's leagues ahead of many but the trickiest thing here is that you also go through all the pages and essentially the entire chapter which I have noticed is the official translations are good on you for that but this is incredibly risky because I think there is a sound legal argument that could be made that this video is just reproducing the manga chapter which is rather unfortunately theft and distribution I'm not saying don't use manga panels to illustrate your points I use them in my videos although I do tend to flip them because I'm super paranoid about unfair copyright claims but this video takes things to a whole different level and if this channel does grow and gain traction then you are probably going to be facing some big problems in the future so I would recommend that you find a different visual format because your audio is great your thoughts are also great but those visuals are probably going to get you in trouble oh and also just please add recap to the title like one piece chapter 976 review and recap because that is what you're doing but otherwise this channel score is a perfect five genres out of five c stone sage um I'll start from the start oh wow those of you that know why I'm dressed like this for the people that don't that's fantastic but um yeah so as expected kind of one was really lucky it was nothing to do you can't just launch right into the review we have things to talk about here I mean the review itself almost doesn't really matter this makeup is oh my god it's phenomenal the one thing I will say is that I really wish chin base face was framed slightly higher and inhabiting a better space because my eyes naturally want to rest in the middle of the frame and they keep getting dragged back down to here I mean I do get why she's done it though it's to get that top knot in the frame which to be fair sells the entire cosplay an incredible amount so yeah you know what screw my framing desires whatever the top knot is worth it the audio for this is also pretty incredible chin base voice is loud and clear but not peaking sounds meaty and fleshed out as opposed to really like hollow and tinny once again there's some nice depth by having the camera pointing at the corner of the room I kind of wish that wasn't the center but once again whatever and you know it's just so fascinating to watch chin base speaking in English with an English accent no less I am completely mesmerized absolutely brilliant job here an easy 10 whale sharks out of 10 Wolf Nara ladies and gentlemen this is absolutely how you start a video no generic amv no custom intro you know hello and welcome to the grand line review garbage just cold open absolutely that up and then smash straight into your content with that said I cannot stress this enough do not smoke or drink in your videos YouTube does not like it and it will hurt you significantly in getting your content out there in fact I'm pretty sure that just including clips of this guy is going to make this video very difficult to monetize but at the same time I just have to include him because look at Wolf Nara this is an act of raw passion like no thought for production quality or anything it's just a guy going you know what I want to talk about some one piece and then doing it so good on him so Wolf Nara you are going to achieve a score of 4.2 weed emojis out of five and look I don't think that we're going to be able to top Wolf Nara now or ever so let's end this exploration here now what did we learn today if you are going to be on facecam then take some time to craft your background and when in doubt just adhere to the rule of thirds it will work every single time try not to record in echoey rooms and please do look into some quick guides for post-processing audio it's very easy and the quality of your content will skyrocket infinitely and also as funny as I did find it please do not drink or smoke on camera don't use copyright music either and don't reproduce an entire chapter of manga on screen all of those are big youtube red flags that will come back to bite you if you do want to grow your channel which I'm assuming all of you do except for maybe Wolf Nara because he's just chilling and having a good time but most importantly well done everyone for anyone out there who has never tried to produce a video like these it is not easy it is not easy at all the time that can go into some of the stuff we've seen here today is absolutely insane and if you think that reviewing a weekly chapter of manga is easy then I do suggest you give it a go yourself because that is far from the case so yeah that was fun but what do you guys think if you'd like to see more reviews of reviewers for whatever reason and please let me know in the comments below or even join my discord server and also please do subscribe to the channel for more one-piece shenanigans uploaded straight into your youtube feeds but for now this has been the groundline review and I'll see you next time


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards. I'm ripping one box of 2022 tri-star hidden treasures autograph basketball jersey for Somao C. So good luck here Somao. Not sure if you're still in chat. I know you were earlier this morning, but um, yeah, let's see what we got These are so fire, especially when you pull big names. These are so much fun Yes, I guess that's the one that Jimmy said he pulled the red dime. That's nasty. It's so cool All right, see what we got here guys. Oh That's that's actually pretty cool for the wizards. We got Coos Kyle Coosma That is a wizard's jersey as well number 35 with your Beckett certificate of authenticity Got your autograph right there and your Beckett sticker down there Witnessed as well. That's pretty cool. I've not seen Kyle Coosma come out of this. So that's pretty awesome That will do it for your box there So now congrats again on the hit we'll get it right out to you, buddy


Dear learners, welcome to this video lecture on social change, which is the unit 6 of the paper, sociology and introduction, which is meant for the MA for semester learners. Now, after going through this unit, you will be able to understand the meaning of social change, understand the types of social change and know the factors responsible for bringing about various social change. Now, what is the meaning of social change? Social change is a term used to describe variations, modification or any alteration in any aspect of a society. Now, when we discuss about social change, there are three interrelated concepts and they are process, evolution and progress. Process refers to a step-by-step change in which one state or stage merges into another or is connected to one another. A process may be forward or backward, it may be an integration or a disintegration. It does not signify whether it is a good or bad change. Then we have evolution. The term evolution is derived from the Latin word evolver which means to unfold gradually. It implies a continuous change from within in a particular structure. It indicates change from simplicity to complexity. And then we have progress. Progress implies change towards a predetermined goal, whether the achievement of the goal is good or bad depends upon the person who is judging it. Progress is a relative notion as it involves comparison of the present with the past state of affairs. According to Mekaivar, evolution and progress needs to be differentiated and evolved society does not necessarily mean it may be progressive. Then we have social movement. Social change is also brought about by social movement. The social movement refers to a variety of collective attempts to bring about social change. It involves a collective action by a group of people who are directed towards bringing change in some or all aspects of a particular society. But such an effort has to sustain for a certain period of time. For example, the struggle to attain independence from the British rule is an example of a social movement because as a result of this struggle a lot of changes had undergone in all aspects of the Indian society. Now let us try to discuss the nature of social change. First of all, social change is a universal process because it is evident in every aspect of society, beach, population, technology, ideologies, values, all undergoes change but the speed of the social change is not uniform which brings us to the second nature of social change. The rate at which social change takes place varies from one society to another. Then social change is a change of a particular community. The change that takes place in the life of an individual does not constitute social change. To be a social change, the changes needs to be felt by a large number of people. Then social change is always inevitable. Then the next nature is that the definite prediction of social change is not always possible. There is no law which can determine the other nature in which the change ought to take place. Hence it becomes very difficult to make predictions regarding how the change will occur. Then social change results from an interaction of a number of factors because different aspects of society are interdependent and therefore it reflects a chain reaction sequence. Then finally social change implies modification or replacement. It refers to modification of the physical goods or social relationship. For example, the old authoritarian family has become small, equalitarian family, then the one-room school has become into a centralized school, etc. Now there are different theories in sociology that explain the phenomena of social change. These theories can be broadly divided into those that explain the direction of social change and then there are those theories that explain the sources or cause of social change. Now in context of the direction of social change, mainly two types of theories can be identified. First is the linear theory of social change and then is the cyclical theory. Now let us discuss the linear theory of social change. So under the linear theory of social change, evolutionary theory of social change can be included. It indicates the direction of social change from a simple to complex state. Now there are some scholars who saw or see society as evolving through various stages. For example, August Scott is one of such scholars who believed in the evolutionary theory of social change. He postulated three stages of social change, that is the theological stage, the metaphysical stage and the positive stage. In the first stage, men believed that supernatural powers control and design the world. Then from this stage, society advanced and gradually from belief in fetishist and deities it developed to the stage of monotheism. And then this stage gave way to the metaphysical stage during which men tries to explain the phenomenon by resorting to abstractions. And in the final stage, that is in the positive stage, men considers the search for causes of various events on the basis of explanatory or scientific facts. That can be empirically observed. Therefore according to August Scott, progress will be assured if men adopts a positive attitude in understanding the natural and the social phenomena. Then we have Herbert Spencer who promoted the evolutionary thought of social change. He maintained that human society has been gradually progressing towards a better stage. In its primitive state, according to him, that is the state of militarism, society was characterized by warring groups and by a merciless struggle for existence. Then from militarism, society moved towards a state of industrialism. And in this state of industrialism, it is marked by greater differentiation and integration of different paths. Then another theory that explains social change is the cyclical theory of social change. It believes that society has a predetermined life cycle which includes the birth, growth, maturity and then decline. Now according to Splinger, he developed a version of cyclical theory of social change and according to him, the history of various civilizations including the Egyptian, Greek and the Romans, all civilizations go through this phase of birth, maturity and death. Then there is Wilfredo Pareto who propounded that, society is passed through the periods of political vigor, decline, which repeat themselves in a cyclical fashion. Let us try to understand this more. So according to him, society consists of two types of people, one who like to follow the traditional ways whom Pareto calls as the reenters and then there are those who likes to take chances for attaining their ends whom he calls as the speculators. Now political change is initiated by a strong aristocracy that is the speculators who later lose the energy and become incapable of vigorous role. Then the ruling class eventually resort to the tricks or the clever manipulations characterized by the reentier mentality and then the society declines but at the same time the speculators arise from those among the subjugated class to become a new ruling class and they overthrow the old group and this cycle continues. Now let us try to understand some of the sources or factors of social change. A various physical, biological, technological and cultural factors leads to social change. Now physical factors of social change refers to geographical changes as well as change in the climatic conditions like earthquake, flood or any change in the weather conditions which changes the social life of the people. Then we have biological factors. For example, changes that is witnessed in a society as a result of fluctuations in the composition of population due to high or low birth rate etc. Then there are technological factors like adoption of new technology which leads to lifestyle changes in a particular society. For example, when human society introduced the plow, a transformation from rendering to settled societies took place. Then cultural factors like changes in values, attitude, belief system also leads to social change. Furthermore, Glyn had mentioned four other factors of social change like invention, diffusion, war, natural disasters etc. Now invention can be divided into material, inventions like automobile, gunpowder, atomic reactions and non-material inventions like banking, social security etc. Then we have diffusion. Differs to a process of spreading the cultural elements from one culture to another. Then we have wars. Wars through the invention of arms and spreading revolutionary ideas leads to many social change. Then we have natural disasters like flood, drought which we have in the earlier section discussed as the physical factors of social change. Also are important factors in bringing social change. Then let us discuss some of the processes of social change. First of all, development. In context of social phenomena, development means upward movement of an entire society. It includes growth of not only economic factors but improvement of overall lifestyle of a particular society like consumption by various groups of people, access to educational and health facilities, equal distribution of or access to power in society are all taken as indicators of development in a particular society. Then we have globalization. Globalization is a process through which economic, political and the cultural aspects of different societies of the world were integrated. And this integration in the recent times has resulted in far-reaching changes in societies with the developed countries in advantageous position in comparison to the developing or the underdeveloped nations. Then we have another process of social change that is modernization. Modernization is a process whereby the individuals in a particular society adhere to scientific ways of thinking and practicing in their everyday life. Now it is different from the concept of westernization. Westernization refers to changes undergone by a particular society due to exposure to a western society. For example, Indian society had undergone a lot of changes due to exposure to the British culture during the colonial period. However, we cannot call it modernization, we can call it westernization. Now other processes of social change can be discovery, which means finding something which already existed. It becomes a factor of social change only when it is put to use. For example, the discovery of iron. Then invention. Invention is often defined as a new use of the old elements of a particular culture. This may be classified as material inventions such as the bow, arrow, telephone, airplane and inventions such as alphabets, constitutional government, etc. And in all these cases, the old elements are used, combined and improved for a new application. Then we have diffusion. Western social changes in all known societies have developed through diffusion. Diffusion is a spread of cultural traits from one group to another. Diffusion operates from both within the society and between societies. Diffusion takes place whenever societies come into contact with one another. There are some problems while studying social change. Now in studying social change, one encounters the problem to specify the unit of social change, whether it is the individual or it is affecting the whole society. Then the second problem is the need to specify the nature of the elements. Thirdly, there is no clarity as to whether it constitutes change or it is the continuity of an old character. Fourthly, the effort to measure the rate and the direction of change is very difficult. So at present context, it is difficult to predict whether a particular change that is occurring will be progressive or not. But still, understanding social change is necessary to understand a society. And today we have tried to understand some of the aspects of social change. I am sure after going through this unit you will be able to identify the processes and aspects of social change in your society. Thank you.


To our loyal fans, you know who that is. That is Kaigai Maureen. And to all those who are new fans to the Isakit. She is not new to the Isakit family. Like I said earlier, she was here some time last year. And she's here with a new track. And she'll be telling us about that and what is in store for her after the new track. Kaigai. How are you? Mikuwaji. Happy new year. Happy Valentine's. Merry Christmas. Happy Valentine's. Mikuwaji. Mikuwaji. Welcome back. Thank you. Happy new year. Thank you. So introduce yourself to the people who may not get a chance to listen to you last time. Aha. This is it. This is it. Hi guys, I'm Kaigai. I want to know more. And I want to know more. I want to know more. I want to know more. I want to know more. I want to know more. I want to know more. Yes, now you know Kaigai. Kaigai. So how has the journey been ever since the last time we spoke? Aha. Aha. Aha. Aha. Aha. Aha. Thank God. Mikuwaji. Aha. Although challenges. Mikuwaji. Kaza. Kaza. Mikuwaji. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Kaza. Mikuwaji. Oh. I thank him so much and I'm still going to work with him for more and more because On the last track did you work with Penali? No, I had another person but I had tracks with him but for now I work with Penali So what is Moukata all about? Moukata? Moupenzi I work with Penali but also I remember the last track but I worked with Olova and I'm still going to work with Moukata What are you doing with this lady? Like me, I had to tell her Sing it You're done You're done So Moukata it's more deep than Olova I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know So it's about someone who is tight like I don't know I don't know I don't know So this song too we have single mothers and we want to try to fix things but Vitu has to work for the kids We want this song to be when we are together and after we are together we will be together she is trying to come and be together we will be together for the baby Okay, that is interesting we really bring about or maybe such thoughts into your mind that maybe it's from an experience you saw a friend going through something similar So many friends of mine have been going through such no mananil feel sit wongiai story through music So at least at least a kiss kiyos wongiai ko I'm going through the same So I want to talk to people through music na fanya na relate na story za watu So from your friends or maybe someone you have had a kona experience kama iyo what is their reception towards this truck wana relate wizuri sana wanya tuna liya tuna liya pamoja kwa ni ni tu ni tu kwa ni oki inbi atu na liya pamoja juni mini mailata kwa ni ai team kuna kutotu ambi so it's fine triata for now So after umiwokata what are we waiting for mua no music you're not ready guys we are not ready you say that there are other tracks that you have done with the other producer that you worked on with all over zi kwa ready bada videos na kuna tracks kama like file ready na bada na kuna assessa za bina li So kutalingana na situation neza piki hi di fanya video ni release neza piki hi neza fanya tu zote sija kaziwa na mitu neza umiwokata and all over adi on any streaming platforms zote all digital platforms zi kwa wange watu matapiki zangu ziko kila mahali boom playing sportify, audio mark, apple music kila mahali diza snapchat, TikTok kila mahali ziko so in any stream as a new artist do you feel the need for artist kwekangomazawa on streaming platforms of course other than youtube ya mitu apambane kuhita fika itaji batu just try so they don't bring in money immediately it takes some time but you need to have them there jule skwenjem tu mojata ona bada ina ungezeka ina makes sense alright so you are in high school tumut kakujo maybe some of the nicknames you give people in school but some of the things in school mitu na rili kwa na tukiasana kutu ekstema tiki mitu no tukatune, tukalale sku atake yaw dina anta kimi kumukanga tanana sinio kumuka mitu no zi mesa ulika at least kumusha mojanyi kwa ni mesa hao who came up with this name you ni mba who came up with this name kai gai thank you so much for coming through and congratulations on your new track and all the best in the other tracks that you are working on one more time kumusha tu watne zafbata api ahaha youtube ni kai gai kii instagram facebook kila mahali ni kai gai mo ren alright thank you so much appreciate your time and we hope to see you again ok so up next is kai gai mo ren umu kata