Hello, welcome to the session of musical instrument digital interface learning outcome of this session. At the end of this session students will be able to delineate musical instrument digital interface, describe the MIDI computer interface and differentiate between MIDI and digital audio. MIDI, the musical instrument digital interface is nothing but a standard for the communication between the electronic musical instruments. The main function of this protocol is transmission of the performance of or the control data around the digitally controlled music systems and the other data such as timing information, setup parameters and sample. The MIDI standards was founded by the agreement between the manufacturers early in the 80s. Let me ask you one question. What are the examples of the MIDI instruments? You can pause this video, think about this question and write down your answer in the notebook. After writing the answer you can resume the video to see what is the answer. Let me answer the question. The answer is piano, acoustic guitar, violin are some examples of the MIDI instruments. So why to use the MIDI? The old instruments uses analog voltage control instead of the microprocessors. These analog instruments are frequently used for the note triggering pitch information ETC. With the use of the microprocessor based control in the instruments a number of digital control interfaces is appeared. Because of the incompatibility amongst these instruments there is a need of standardization and the agreement between the major manufacturers has been created which is resulted in the MIDI protocol earlier in 1982 to 83. The MIDI manufacturer associations is a governing body for regulating the modifications to the standards. So what is the difference between the MIDI and the digital audio? In case of the digital audio the waveform is converted into the digital domain. That means the analog waveform is sampled and converted into the digital domain. This digital audio is stored into the memory and again back it is converted into the analog and given to the speaker as shown in a diagram. The sounds are stored and replayed precisely but we have no access to control the data. And since we need the high resolution and precise amplitude in order to represent a proper audio the digital audio uses a lot of memory space. Whereas in case of the MIDI instrument we can see here is one piano that one key is pressed the one note is transmitted to the computer. So because of this single note digitization of this single note occupy the very less memory of the computer that is the advantage of the MIDI over the digital audio. So the MIDI hardware comprises of a central processing unit it is nothing but the microprocessor, RAM, ROM and the universal earth synchronous serial communication protocol. There is a control interface available in order to control the data bus address bus. So the MIDI communication takes place by the serially. So the data stream which is needed for the communication is represented as follows. There are 8 bit data with the initial start bit and the stop bit. So the total 10 bit data byte is used for the communication. So in MIDI the binary 0 or 1 is defined by the current flowing or not flowing over the loop. Thus in ideal state the binary 1 the start bit is always 0 and the stop bit always 1. So what is the speed of this transmission? The speed of the MIDI communication is 31.25 kilobits per second. As a reference for USB 1.1 low-speed transmission is at the rate of 1.5 megabots if the USB 2 protocol has a speed of 480 megabots. The MIDI port the MIDI port uses three ports in out and the through. In port is used in order to accept the input to the device the through port is used to amplify the copied input signal and the output is used to transmit the device output. It uses the pin as shown in the figure. This is a 5 pin connector in which the pin number 2, 4 and the 5s are used. The long cable causes the unwanted distortion so the maximum of 15 meter is used or recommended for the MIDI interconnection. So these are the example of the MIDI computer interface. So the figure A shows a MIDI joystick ports. These type of the MIDI joystick ports are used in earlier days. Later on the MIDI USB interface has been innovated. That will provide the maximum feasibility of 16 channels within one USB port or we can call it as a multi-port interface is possible because of this USB MIDI interface. They allow the synchronized handling of the several devices. This is a 32 bit MIDI event packet. The packet is of the size 32 bit. It consists of 4 bytes each byte is of the 8 bit length. The packet it start with the packet header and it is followed by the 3 MIDI event data. The packet header consists of 4 bit cable number and the 4 bit code index number. The cable number is the value which is ranging from 0 to F indicating the assigned number of the embedded MIDI jack associated with the endpoint that is the transferring a data. The code index number indicates the classification of the bytes in the MIDI fields. So the MIDI messages are classified in two types, channel messages and the system messages. The channel messages are further divided into voice messages and mode messages whereas the system messages are further divided into real time, common and a system exclusive messages. Let us see the details of these messages. The voice messages include note on, note off, polyphonic key press, control change, program change, channel press pressure after the touch and the pitch bend where the mode indicates how the device responds to the message on certain channel. A device might be respond to the all MIDI channel which is called as Omnimode or it might instructed to respond for the polyphonic messages or a monophonic messages. The polyphonic messages involve playing more than one note at the same time. The system messages, the system messages are sent to the whole system rather than a particular channel. They can be subdivided into real time, common, system exclusive messages. A system common messages includes tuned requests, song select, song position pointer. The system real messages include time messages such as timing clock, start, stop, continue, active sensing and the system reset. A system exclusive messages are defined by the manufacturer. Let us see the example of the MIDI message that is note on MIDI message. It consists of three fields. A status byte is followed by the two data bytes. In the free byte, the most significant bit is one that identify this as a status byte. This is a note on message. Since it is a channel message, it has a channel in its list significant 4 bits corresponding to the channel 1 to 16. So the note on message with the 0 0 0 0 indicate the channel number 1, with the 0 0 0 1 indicate a channel number 2 and so on. A note on message is always followed by the two data bytes. The data byte have most significant bit of 0. Here is an example of note which is played having the data byte address as 41x which is translated into 65 decibel. Similarly, the second data byte gives the velocity. Here is an example of the 5B that is 91 in decimal. The MIDI system interpret a note on message with the velocity 0 as a note off. Similarly, the alternative of the note off message uses the note velocity 0 for the note on message. Let me ask you one question. Let us say that a key is pressed and the second letter it is released. So how many bytes are required for playing a note for the second? You can pause this video, note out the answer in your notebook and you can resume the video to see the answer. Now let me answer this question. The answer is playing a note for one second requires a six byte. Here are some examples of the MIDI messages which have a note off message, note on message, polyphonic key press or after touch message, control message, program change, pitch bend change, channel mode message have channel which channel is selected in order to select in order to choose that we have the select channel mode, song select, timing clock and the system exclusive message. The M stands for 0 or 1 whereas N has a maximum value of f because of it is hex. Let us compare the MIDI data to the digital audio. Let us consider the example of 16-bit mono audio which is sampled at the rate of 44 kilohertz per second. See hence it will require total 88 kilobytes per second for the transmission whereas in case of the MIDI which is by playing the MIDI for a note one second it will require a six message. Digital audio recording of a sound tries to capture the sound exactly as it is occurred by the sampling of the sound pressure amplitude over the time. In case of the MIDI the records are symbolic messages. These messages make no sound unless and until it is interpreted by the synthesizer. In case of the MIDI recording means a MIDI data has been captured or stored not in the sense of the sound which is actually recorded. The word sample in case of the MIDI is different than that of the digital audio. In case of the MIDI sample is a small file which representing the single instance of the sound which is played by some instrument like a note played by the flute. So the MIDI data will require a very less space for the storage as compared to the digital data. So these are the references for the session. Thank you.


So I think hypothesis helped to kind of break the reading down and scaffold it as well as allowing students to comment on an ongoing basis as we were moving through that text. And then I used it for an academic article which they don't have a lot of experience reading in Spanish. But as I mentioned before, probably 80% of the students in our upper division Spanish classes are Spanish speakers with a high level of proficiency. So I thought this is a good way to challenge them with this kind of language because they're not going to voluntarily read an academic article. So we used an article talking about the history of misogyny in different Spanish language texts, literature, Sor Juana was one of the texts that we were looking at. It was a really good experience for the students and for me because they felt a sense of accomplishment. They were able to read these articles, whereas in the past when I tried to do something like that, nobody read that. I had to end up summarizing the article for them, which is okay, but it's not the same. It's not the same experience for them. So being able to scaffold a reading, break it down and have them comment on it, I would have them comment on vocabulary that they had had to look up and give definitions of words that they looked up, as well as trace the development of misogyny through the article and how the author was bringing that forward and critiquing that idea. So it turned out to be a really beneficial tool for the students and for me because it was satisfying to see that they were working with the reading, grappling with the difficult concepts and doing it on their own.


Hello everyone, welcome. I would like to introduce Angie. She started serving as the Executive Director of the Ethan Allen Homestead Museum in Burlington in March 2022. The Ethan Allen Homestead is one of the oldest sites of both Native American and European occupation known in Vermont, but what makes it truly special is how the site is still being used as a center of community today. Angie will explore the history of the homestead and its current offerings for the community today, including community gardens, school programming, walking and cycling trails, living history, events, lifelong learning workshops, volunteer opportunities, and more. She grew up in Washington State, completed her undergraduate degree in philosophy at Randolph-Macon Women's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, and her master's in history at UVM, where she focused on the Revolutionary War era in Vermont. In addition to her experience in history museums, Angie has taught history in public schools, led wilderness expeditions with Outward Bound, and recently spent two summers in archeological digs in Europe. Angie lives in the new north end of Burlington with her spouse and two dogs with whom she spends most weekends in the Green Mountains attempting to complete the long trail through section fights. Wow. Without further ado, please welcome Angie Grove. Testing, testing, one, two, three. Okay, great, thanks. Well, thank you, everyone, and thank you for inviting me here, and thank you for coming inside on such a beautiful day. I know that it's tempting to get out and do some yard work at this time of day with this kind of weather, but sometimes it's nice to come inside and take a break from the sun for an hour also, so I won't blame you if you run out the door right after this to go back outside, though. So, my name is Angie Grove, and I am the executive director of the Ethan Allen Homestead Museum, and I'm going to, let's see if I can press start here. I'm gonna start with a little introduction about myself. You already heard a little bit, so I'll just highlight a few things. So, as a professional, I call myself a historian and adventurer. I like the intersection of the two, and I really want to make history more accessible to people, especially hands-on and outdoor historical adventures as well, and one of the reasons I love working at the Homestead Museum is we're located in a public park that's about 300 acres of beautiful outdoor space as well, and I'll show you some photos of those spaces as we go. On the left, you can see a photo of me in an archeological dig. I'm holding up a piece of medieval pottery I just dug up, and on the right is a photo of me hiking the Long Trail about 10 years ago. The Long Trail is a big hiking trail in Vermont that goes from the north to the south and cuts down the middle of Vermont, and my husband and I have been working on it for about 12 years now, doing section hikes just on the weekend, so that was our very first hike on the Long Trail about 12 years ago. We're still working on it to this day. So, today I'm gonna talk about these four things. I'm gonna start with a history lesson, so for those of you who weren't paying attention in fourth grade state history class, you're gonna get another overview, and then I'm gonna talk about how that history was refound during the Bicentennial movement at the Ethan Allen Homestead, and then I'm gonna talk about the Homestead today and the offerings we have and all the partnerships we have with other community groups, and lastly, I'm gonna try to persuade you to think about getting involved in some way as well at the Homestead. And I think at the very end, we're gonna have a Q and A. That's correct, yeah. Okay, so I'm gonna start with your history lesson, so this is gonna be a brief history of early Vermont and Ethan Allen, and by extension, early United States as well. We're gonna start before the United States, going back about 10,000 years, so the first human settlement in North America was approximately 10,000 years ago, depending on what historian you talk to. They might give you another 5,000 years here or there, but we'll say approximately 10,000 years ago, and the first farming, known farming site in Vermont is along the Winooski River in the Burlington Interveil right next to the Homestead Park, so that, and that goes back about 2,000 years ago, so the Ethan Allen Homestead is first occupied by these indigenous peoples, and by the time they were farming, they had formed themselves into the Algonquin different branches, and in Vermont, the subgroup within the larger Algonquin group were called the Abonacci people, so those are the Abonaccis of Vermont, and you can see a map there that kind of shows there's even more subgroups within the Abonaccis, like the Cisboy and Kawasaki and the Koki, and there's others as well, and you can see that they go up into Canada and into New Hampshire, and all the way out to Maine as well there. So the earliest evidence of human occupation at the Homestead is from these people, but then the British and the French, but mostly the British came in to start occupying this area. The French occupation really stayed up in the Canadian, what we call Canada in that area. There were military forts that were along Lake Champlain, but they didn't really come inland from the lake, and they stayed kind of like just as military forts. They weren't homes where wives and children were raised as well, and so the British started settling wives and children families in these lands to claim them against the French, and eventually they had the French and Indian War, and the British won that, and that's how the British got Canada as well, and so that allowed British European families to start settling these lands more safely and in larger numbers. So this is going on in the 1760s for the most part, and you can see in this map here, there's Vermont outlined in blue, and on either side is New Hampshire and New York, and then below it in green is Massachusetts. Now, Vermont was not Vermont back then in the 1760s. They didn't have very accurate maps back then, so they each colony didn't have a very accurate map of its borders. So New Hampshire believed their border extended all the way to Lake Champlain, and New York believed their border extended all the way to the Connecticut River. So what is now Vermont was claimed by both New Hampshire and New York, and Massachusetts got in there a little bit too and claimed a little bit of Southern Vermont, mostly just to strengthen the New Hampshire, New England claim just to not be bullied by New York so much, but it was mostly New Hampshire and New York claiming these lands, and both royal governments started issuing land titles to people to move to this land. So it was just like the British and the French kind of vying over this land, whoever can settle the most families was gonna win, and so the British won. New Hampshire and New York started doing the same thing, and New Hampshire was beating New York at this game. So New Hampshire was writing out these land grants, and this area came to be known commonly as the New Hampshire grants, and most of the settlers in Vermont were from New England state. They were from New Hampshire or Massachusetts or Connecticut, such as the Allen family with Ethan Allen, and New England at this time was a completely different world than New York at this time, some still say it is, but New England had, there wasn't really a lot of separation between church and state, and New England had a different religion than New York did. New England was Puritans, you're familiar with the Pilgrims, right? If you think of the Pilgrims, that's New England, and New York was Anglican, which was the Church of England, and so they not only had different religions, they had a different structure of government. The New England colonies believed the way that they did land titlements is pretty much every male over the age of 21 would own his own piece of land, and you had to own land in order to vote, so in the New England colonies, it was much more democratic than any of the other colonies because land ownership was much more common among white males. In New York, you also had to own land in order to vote, but they structured their land ownership very similarly to old Europe, and so aristocrats owned huge parcels of land, and they hired farmers to rent the land from them and work the land and farm the land. So most people living in the New York colony didn't own their own land, which meant that they couldn't vote. So when settlers were moving into Vermont, they really didn't want New York authority over them because it was a different religion and a different government structure, and they feared that they could even possibly lose their right to vote if New York took over. Well, unfortunately for them, the King of England granted New York's petition to settle this argument in New York's favor, and so New York won this land and all of those settlements and what is now Vermont, Vermont was officially part of New York according to the British Royal government in the 1760s. So that is why the Green Mountain Boys formed. So a lot of people are familiar with the Green Mountain Boys militia unit and think of it as a Revolutionary War unit, and we're gonna talk about how they did fight in the Revolutionary War, but they originally started as a unit forming against New York, and so they were fighting against the New York authority over the New Hampshire grants or what came to be known as Vermont. One of their leaders was Ethan Allen, so that's his statue in the middle there, that is the statue of him that's at the Vermont Capitol. No one actually knows what Ethan Allen looked like, so that's just an artist's rendition. The Green Mountain Boys flag is to the left there, I bet you're familiar with that flag as well, possibly, and to the right is a woodcut image that was published in 1842 that depicts the types of tactics the Green Mountain Boys used against the Yorkers. So that is a man tied to a chair and strung up high, almost as tall as that building. And so the New Yorkers considered the Green Mountain Boys a terrorist organization. Of course, the Green Mountain Boys thought of themselves as like Robin Hood and his merry men, right? They were just protecting their own land, but they did use physical force and scare tactics to fight off the Yorker authorities and agents and even some families who purchased land titles from New York would move here and find that there were New England settlers already on the land sitting here. So it was quite a chaotic time. It was kind of like the Wild West where might is right and whoever is the strongest, that's the right way. So this is the context in which Ethan Allen first becomes famous. He wrote a lot of newspaper articles against New York during this time. He was one of the military leaders within the Green Mountain Boys unit. And then the Green Mountain Boys joined the American Revolution because it happened to start right at that moment. And when Ethan Allen heard about Lexington and Concord, which is the first battle of the revolution in 1775, he took his unit of Green Mountain Boys, already formed, trained militia unit, and they ran off to Fort Ticonderoga and took that fort from the British on behalf of the American Revolution. And so you can see a famous picture of that happening. That photo or that image was drawn in 1875. So it's a fictional representation of how it happened. But this was a very important military event in the Revolutionary War because it was the first real offensive event where Lexington and Concord were defensive, where the British army were marching to try to capture the rebels' stores. So this was the first offensive event that the rebels did and it was very successful. It also gave the rebel army their first cannons, which was a big deal for them because George Washington was then able to use those cannons in Boston on Dorchester Heights and that was the first official victory of the Continental Army and George Washington's first victory as its leader, which really instilled a lot of confidence in the public about this revolution. So you may be familiar with the story of Henry Knox doing his famous engineering feat to get the cannons from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston and that's the image at the top right there in the snow. And then that is George Washington at the bottom right, standing next to one of those cannons that was captured by the Vermont Green Mountain boys as well. Okay. So now we have a, the United States has been formed, right? They're fighting for the United States and we all know that there were 13 original colonies. Yes? Well, Vermont was the 14th and tried to be a colony within the revolution but New York wouldn't have it and New York was very powerful and had a lot of money. I mean, that's why the king favored New York over New Hampshire in the original conflict. Well, the Continental Congress didn't want to upset New York either. So Vermont petitioned to become the 14th colony in the Revolutionary War to send people to the Continental Congress, to sign the Declaration of Independence, all of that stuff. And New York said no, that's not a separate colony. That's New York. So if you recognize them as a separate colony we will withdraw our support. Now additionally, the Southern states said, hold on a second, we have a really good balance between slave and non-slave states right now. And if you admit another Northern non-slave state that's gonna upset that balance. So the Southern states voted against New York as well. Or I'm sorry, against Vermont as well. So Vermont said, fine, we will be our own country then. And so they declared the Vermont Republic in 1777, which lasted until Vermont did become the 14th state in 1791. And this was the original seal of the Vermont Republic as well. So during this time, however, Ethan Allen was, was, he had some, he was a very stubborn and how do I put this nicely? Forceful man, and he was a little rash. So while Vermont declared its independence, declared itself its own country, Ethan Allen was off trying to capture Montreal unsuccessfully. And instead he spent almost three years in a British prison. And he was eventually released and he wrote about his experience in the narrative of Colonel Ethan Allen, which was published in the middle of the Revolutionary War. And became, according to a couple different sources, became the second most published book in the United States at the time. Second only to Common Sense by Thomas Paine. Both of those books, Common Sense and the narrative are propaganda pieces. You read this, you will also agree the British were horrible. And it narrates how he heroically captured Porta Conderoga and then the horrible treatment he received in the British prisons. And this is the second thing that really propelled Ethan Allen into the limelight during that time. So the first was capturing Porta Conderoga and he was commemorated by the Continental Congress for that and given a position, an officer position in the Continental Army as a reward. And then he published this book and it was so popular and so frequently read and purchased that he became a household name within the United States and internationally in Western Europe as well. So that is how Ethan Allen became such a famous name and actually it's the royalty proceeds from this publication that he mostly lived off of in his later years. There is a second book that he published that had the opposite reaction from the public and that is called Reason the Only Oracle of Man. He published this later after the Revolutionary War and it is a religious philosophy book. So I think I described Ethan Allen just a little bit ago as stubborn and forceful and rash. If you think about the time period he lived in and how intertwined religion was in every other aspect of society, then it might not surprise you that he is gonna go against the grain in that also. And Ethan Allen was not a Christian and he was, what he agreed was close enough to what people called deism, which is a religious belief that there's a supernatural being like a God who created life and created the earth but isn't paying attention to what we're doing, doesn't care, like created it and walked away. And so there's not necessarily a heaven or a hell or any commandments by which one should abide but that human reason was one of the gifts that this God gave us and reason alone is enough to dictate humanity to living a moral life and reason alone is all you really need. You don't need prayer in church and God according to deism. So there were a lot of deists at this time period. It was kind of a popular religion right at the end of the Enlightenment. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson are often cited as deists. But neither of those men were out proselytizing deism or convincing other people to become deists. So Ethan Allen faced a lot of criticism for this. This book did not make him money and he faced well, we'll just say before he even wrote this book he was in his youth, he was kicked out of numerous towns by the church elders as well. So not that surprising that he published this book. So at the end of the Revolutionary War Vermont is the Vermont Republic and Ethan Allen has made a lot of profits from the narrative book and he is getting together the publication for the second book, Reason. And that's when he retires kind of a, the gentleman farmer retires to his farm like George Washington did right after the Revolution War. This is what gentlemen did in the late 18th century. They retired from public life and went to their farm and the farm that he retired to was the homestead in what is now known as Burlington, Vermont at the Ethan Allen homestead. And that is where he spent the last, about a year and a half of his life when he died suddenly in 1789. And this is another artist rendition of what he looked like, we don't really know. Okay, so that is a little mini history lesson about Vermont during that time period and who Ethan Allen was and why he was famous. And then you had the Bicentennial in the 1970s. And so everyone wanted to find all the founding fathers homes and anything to do with the founding fathers. So there was a man in Vermont called Ralph Nading Hill and he went out searching for Ethan Allen's last homestead where Ethan Allen died, his retirement home. And it was always known where Ethan Allen's farm was. In fact, the little blue dot right next to the red circle says Ethan Allen Tower. You're probably familiar with the Ethan Allen Park in the New North End and there's the tower, the observation tower. That was put there in the early 1900s and that used to be part of Ethan Allen's farm. But it wasn't the part of his farm that had the house in it. So Ralph Nading Hill went out looking for the house, the physical property where Ethan Allen had lived and the rooms in which he had died. And so he came across this parcel of land along the Winooski River that matched the descriptions that were written about the location of the house and he found out that that parcel of land was probably gonna be sold and probably gonna be purchased by condominium developers. So he and his, the group that was now forming to save this land and the house there partnered with the Winooski Valley Park District which is a nonprofit and municipality organization in which eight different, today eight different towns in the Burlington area all collaboratively join in and they purchase land that are within the Winooski Valley, the Winooski River Valley, which flows into Lake Champlain and they save it for environmental preservation. So Ethan Allen's homestead was within the Winooski Valley and so Ralph Nading Hill and his crew partnered with the Winooski Valley Park District and the Park District purchased the land to create a public park and environmentally preserve it and partnered then with a new organization called Ethan Allen Homestead Trust to research and find that house in that land. So they did a bunch of research. They did physical, they did document research with papers, they went in archives. They did oral research. They interviewed people who lived on the land and they also did archeological research. So that's what these images are of. So the two images on the right are people in archeological digs. In the middle, you can see there's a trench that's open that they dug into the ground and off far to the right, they're looking through the dirt with a sieve to see if they shake it, the dirt falls down and artifacts and rocks are left on top and part of the left of this image is some of what they found. These are some of the oldest artifacts that they found and they include Native American pieces like stone tools. You might recognize an arrowhead in that collection. You might recognize a scraper to scrape hides in that collection. There's also metal objects presumably by the European settlers in the area possibly owned by Ethan Allen and his family. So you can recognize possibly a belt buckle, a shoe buckle. There's even a spoon. There's also clay pipe bowls and half of a bone comb, like a hair comb made of bones but all the teeth have been broken off. So these are some of the types of artifacts they were finding. These are on display in the museum and if you join us for our tour in May, you can see these in person. I can point them out to you. And so they were finding evidence to corroborate that this possibly could have been Ethan Allen's home. And this was the house that they found in the property and this is what it looked like in 1980. And Ralph Nading Hill saw this house, looked at the foundation and he said, that looks like a really old foundation. So he basically knocked on the door and asked the people living in the house, the farmer, there are farmers living there. He asked them if they knew anything about the history of the house and they're like, yes, this is Colonel Ethan Allen's house. So it had been passed down in this oral tradition by the occupants of the home for hundreds of years. Now this house had been occupied for hundreds of years. So what it looks like in this photo is not what it would have looked like at the time Ethan Allen lived there. So for example, here's a photo of the same house from 50 years earlier than that. This is the 1930s and you can see there's a lot of outbuildings including barns and people on horses. This was a working farm for the entire time since before Ethan Allen moved there. He actually rented the farm for a couple years to two other men who lived there before he did. And then of course I mentioned to you earlier the indigenous peoples of this area were farming this land 2,000 years before that. So this land where my museum is has been continuously farmed as far as we can tell for over 2,000 years. And for over 200 years in the European American tradition of farming. So Ralph Nadinghill and his team started deconstructing the house to find the original pieces and try to do a speculative restoration. So a restoration is when you restore something to its original state. Speculative means you have to do some guesswork to what that looks like. Some people call that a reconstruction. Sometimes it's semantics and sometimes when it comes to federal funding it's not semantics. We need to know. And this is what they ended up with. So this is what the house looked like when they were done with their reconstruction in the late 1980s and when it first opened as a museum. And this is what it looks like today. We've painted it since then. And you can see in the bottom right there's that photo of what it looked like in 1981 Ralph Nadinghill found the house. Now when you visit the house on our tour in May we'll go inside the house and I can point out some of the different features that they found during their research. The beams that they believed were original and the different 18th century features that are still there. They also used a lot of salvaged items from other 18th century buildings that were being demolished at the time. So there's like the entire floor in the kitchen is from an 18th century barn elsewhere not from that property. So it's original from the time but not from the building. So there's kind of a mixture in that house as well as a more modern chimney around the fireplace for fire safety when you visit it today. Okay. So we give tours of the house at my museum six months of the year, seven days a week so quite a lot which leads me into what else is going on at the homestead today. So they found the house, they made a museum. What else? Well, today the museum preserves a lot of different types of community heritage including indigenous heritage, the heritage of early Vermont the founding of Vermont, early American founding of the United States heritage. We focus a lot on homesteading artisan crafts as well as on like farming and gardening and that sort of heritage as well. And also environmental preservation with our partnership with the park district who owns the land. So we have partnerships with lots of different organizations that help us do all of this. One of our main partners is an organization called Alnobaiwi which is Abenaki for in the Abenaki way or like Abenaki culture. And they have a couple of different things they're helping us do at the homestead. One of the things that they've done to help our interpretation of this Abenaki heritage is they've created this recreated like hunting Abenaki village that is based on historical evidence of Abenaki traditional ways from around the 1840s or so which is about as far back as you can find documented evidence for this. So there's a wigwam, they have a ceremonial cooking fire, they have crafting tents and they also have next to the village a ceremonial dance grounds where they hold ceremonies to this day and some of those ceremonies are open to the public to participate in or to observe. Some of the ceremonies are private for Abenaki community members only. They do have an upcoming ceremony. The next one that I know of is on the first weekend in June and it is the Strawberry Moon Celebration and that is open to the public if you're interested in attending that. They also have these Abenaki demonstration or traditional gardens where they're growing different crops that they know based on historical research Abenaki people were growing. Again, historical evidence traditionally requires something to be written down and that didn't happen until the Europeans arrived. So most of this evidence is what they were growing in the 1800s and a lot of people want to know, what were they doing before that? And there's just not as much evidence to that so it's a little harder to dig down that deep. But you will see here like the three sisters crops they're familiar with the corn, beans and squash being grown together. That's one of the things that they grow in this garden. And they also in 2019, they installed an exhibit about Abenaki culture within the museum building. And these are photos from the exhibit that came in in 2019 and was expanded in 2020. But as I speak, they're in the museum putting in a brand new exhibit today. In fact, this morning, their graphic artists came in with some big fancy panels to put onto the walls. So when you come in May for your visit, there'll be a brand new exhibit on Abenaki culture for you to view as well. Then on the exhibit side of the things that my museum puts together, we have a recreated 18th century tavern and we have exhibits about early Vermont, about the history of the Green Mountain Boys military unit. And we have exhibits on what everyday life was like during that time period. So we have 18th century toys that you can play with. We have a costume corner so you can dress up just like Fanny Allen or Ethan Allen would have been dressed and take your photo. And then we do tours of the house. So you can see at the bottom right, that is part of the kitchen. And we go through the house and talk about what everyday life was like and how people live back then before the modern amenities that we have today as well. We also have a lot of special events at the Homestead Museum and some of our most popular are living history events which are also known as reenactments. And we have two major weekends for reenactments. And Memorial Day weekend, there's a group called Whitcombs Rangers who come in a reenacting group and they're gonna actually camp out within the land and set up their 18th century tents. And so they're gonna be cooking over the open fire. They're gonna be weaving baskets. They're gonna be working on leather. They're gonna be doing all those kind of, what we think of like artisan crafts which would have just been like regular chores you had to do while you were at camp or while you're at home. And they also do militia drills. So they'll have the men get together and practice the different movements, the different orders and have firing drills as well. And then we also have stuff for you and the public to participate in such as the costume corner and things as well. Like these lovely models are showing us the bottom here. The second weekend that we do this is Ethan Allen weekend and that's when a group called Warner's Regiment comes to the Homestead and does the same thing. And that is the last week in a June and it is right after Ethan Allen day. So Vermont has a state holiday called Ethan Allen day which is on June 23rd. And so we celebrate every year by having a big reenactment weekend after that. On the actual day of Ethan Allen day we do offer free admission to the museum for Vermont residents and their guests. So if you want to come on that week, on that day which is a Friday on Ethan Allen day you just have to show your ID and then you and your party get in for free as long as your ID says Vermont. No Yorkers. We also do a lot of educational programming. We have school field trips here. We do school field trips with both elementary school as well as high schoolers. And we try to do it as hands on as possible. We put the kids to work basically. The kid on the left there is tightening the bed straps for the ropes that hold the mattress up. And the kid on the right he's hauling water of course for us. So they like to stay busy. We also have a historical garden. It's called Fanny's Garden and it's named after Fanny Allen who was the wife of Ethan Allen when he lived at the homestead. And Fanny Allen is an amazing person with an amazing story of her own but I don't have time to share today. But I do hope that you keep your ears peeled for an update from us because last summer we filmed a documentary, a short documentary film about Fanny Allen and it's in the post production stages right now. I'm not sure the timeline of when it's going to be available to see but we will have announcements on our social media pages and on our website for that but you should really keep an eye out for that because Fanny Allen was, she had a lot of drama happen in her life and still persevered. And she is historically important in her own right as Vermont's first known botanist as well. So she had an extensive garden as most women in the 18th century did to have medicine for their family as well as produce to eat. And she collected specimens from her garden as well as from the wild and dried and pressed them and cataloged them. And so you can see an image of one of those on the far right here. That's an actual plant that Fanny Allen herself plucked, dried and pressed and it's still available to view at the Pringle Urbarium at the University of Vermont in Burlington. You can see this collection there. So we grow in our 18th century recreated garden. We grow a lot of the same things that we know Fanny was growing based on that collection as well as other things as well. For example, we grow flax which most 18th century homesteaders were growing. It looks like hay when it's harvested but flax can be turned into linen and then that's how you make your clothes back then. So this is cheaper than getting wool from sheep so and also a little cooler than wearing wool in the summertime. So you can actually grow your own clothes in the 18th century. I mean, you can do it today too if you want. I just don't, I think it might be cheaper to just go buy them but so every year we have an event called Black Stravaganza. It's usually in mid-October. It's kind of like our harvest celebration and it's highlighting our flax crop. So we grow our own flax there and then we go through the entire harvesting process and then on flax Stravaganza we have a lot of different reenactors come in in their kit or their costumes and they do the whole process including spinning it to turn it into linen, turn it into cloth. And as you can see in the picture the public is invited to come up and ask questions and sometimes even participate a little bit. And I also want to give a shout out to our head gardener Tom Sharply who's the man in the 18th century clothes in this image. He's been in charge of Fanny's garden for a number of years now and just does an amazing job and this flax Stravaganza is largely in part to his efforts with that as well. Okay. Now I want to also just mention that there are a lot of other partner organizations at the Homestead because the Ethan Allen Homestead is a public park almost 300 acres. It's owned by the Manuski Valley Park District at the top of the list. And then the Ethan Allen Homestead Museum is kind of like a founding partner to the site that came in with the purchase of the land and immediately started doing historical research and then opened a museum there. And then I've also mentioned Al Nubaiwi, the next organization on the list as one of the main partners to the Homestead Museum in the 2000 teams. But you can see there's a list of other organizations that are on that site. It's a big site and these other organizations all help make it a really thriving community space. So there is an outdoor based preschool called Burlington Forest Preschool that actually shares the building with us. So we get to see the preschoolers on a regular basis and do some fun preschool age programming with them. Burlington Wildways runs a dirt bike path through some of the forests and along the river there. It goes all the way to the Interveil Center. Actually, if you keep going, it goes all the way to the Salmon Falls over into Manuski. Well, Burlington Parks and Rec runs, they're in charge of the Route 127 paved bike path. So you can bike to the Homestead from either the Old North End or the New North End. And they also run a couple of different community garden plots on the site. And then the other three groups at the bottom run other community garden groups. So there's the Vermont Community Garden Network. The Visiting Nurses Association runs the family room plot. And then the Association of Africans Living in Vermont runs a large farm plot called New Farms for New Americans. So it's for newly arrived refugees and immigrant families and they offer free education on how to farm in Vermont. Which is very different than farming in a lot of the countries those families are coming from as well. Yeah, so here are some of those community garden groups and some of their garden plot. And this is one of the things that I really like to end a lot of the tours I give with at the Homestead that this is the coming full circle. This land is some of the oldest known farm land in all of Vermont 2,000 years ago with Abenaki farming. And then British colonial farming started in the 1780s really. And then it's still being farmed today. So this isn't just a historic relic of a site. It is still actively being used by the community members today in similar ways to how it was used 2,000 years ago as well. And these are the preschoolers. I just like to throw this in so you can see how cute they are playing in the wetlands there. Okay, so I think this is a really special place. And I hope there's a lot of other people. I know there's a lot of other people who think it's a really special place. And if you think it's really special too, there are some ways that you can get involved. So I just want to quickly go through a few things. You can attend some of our community enrichment programs. So we offer a monthly lecture series, which is free for anyone to attend. And the April, we're in April, right? Okay, I'm losing track. The April lecture is actually this Sunday at 2 p.m. And it's about the archeology that happened at the Homestead. We also have a quarterly book club that meets four times a year. It will next meet the first Sunday in May. And the book we're reading is called The Whiskey Rebels right now. And you can attend that even if you haven't read the book. If you just like to come and talk about history, talk about books, or just get free tea and cookies. We do tea and cookies. Then you're more than welcome and invited to this event as well. And we also have memberships. This is really how we sustain, financially sustain the organization. It is a nonprofit museum. So we have memberships that people purchase to really sustain us. We also have corporate sponsorships. So if you are affiliated with a local organization who might want to partner with us and get advertising like this, where I'm showing all of you, these are great organizations. And you should visit and participate with these organizations. Then yeah, you can email the Homestead Museum. I'd love to create sponsorship materials for you. And if you really, really want to get involved, we have lots of volunteer opportunities as well. Last year, not even the whole year, but by the end of the museum season in October, we had over 1,900 volunteer hours logged, including people who did reenactments, who dressed up in costume for us. This is a volunteer who showed up just to start the fire before one of the other events. He donated firewood, started the fire, waited till the reenactors came, and then he was done. We have people who help with janitorial work and clean the windows, tidy up the space, install light bulbs when there's dead light bulbs, who make it pretty by planting flowers and flower pots outside the front door. We have Boy Scouts who sometimes come and help break up the leaves. This is a gift shop managers helping me out in the gift shop. And we have volunteers who help with the field trip students, and craftsters and artisans who come to our events and their volunteers just showing up just to teach the public about, for example, this is Dan teaching people about leather crafting while he was doing it. So here are some of our upcoming programs, closest to today. So we have our lecture this Sunday at 2 p.m. Immediately following that, we do have a new volunteer orientation for anybody who thinks they might wanna become a volunteer at the homestead. That will happen immediately after the lecture. And then our book club meeting on Sunday, May 7th. Your private guided tour just for the EEE group will be Monday the 8th at one o'clock. And then we have a reenactment weekend, the Memorial Day weekend that Saturday and Sunday, so May 29th and 30th as well. And our general admission is we're open seven days a week, May 1st through October 31st from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. So you can always stop by any day during that season as well just to check out what's going on at the homestead museum. It's two. That's what I have for you today. So I think we're gonna offer questions at this point. So if you have any questions about related history to Ethan Allen or early Vermont or if you have any questions about the museum or the homestead site, I'd be happy to talk more about anything. Wonderful, wonderful. We have a question from Zoom, so let's start with that. Great. Yeah, the inside exhibit, I believe were open 92 or something, it was in the early 90s. But before that, yeah, you could go outside and visit and see the outside of the house and everything. That's before my day. But thank you, who is the, what was his name again? Ben, thank you, Ben, for everything you did to help that time period help get the homestead museum up and running. Yeah, so when the Allen house was rediscovered by the historians in the 1970s, early 1980s, it had been reconfigured into a duplex and there was an addition that was added on that was almost as large as the original property as well. So yeah, so there was two units, two different like households in the building and they had to remove the addition and they put it over elsewhere in the park and it's still there today and it's actually the caretaker's house now. So there are living caretakers on the park, living in what was originally part of the Ethan Allen house. Yeah, well, not originally, but in the 1980s, whenever it was added on. Any questions locally here? Oh boy, we're quiet today, aren't we? Anyone, anyone? Oh, wait, leave it to Kathy. I guess this is really, I've lived here for, I don't know, 50 years or something and I didn't know a lot, I've been down there. I actually, at one time I worked for Truick's Collins and at one point they were working on I think the parking area or maybe that the big building was just being developed from back in the 80s, that would be. But anyway, I did not know that the area where the tower is was part of this whole 300 acres. So that's a separate park, but at what both parks, so there's two different parks. So where the tower was is the Ethan Allen Park owned by the city of Burlington and then up against the river is the Ethan Allen Homestead Park. Okay. And the difference. But it's owned by the Winooski Valley Park District. So they're owned by different entities and there's private residences in between. But they both parks and those private residences were originally all one unit of land that was the original Ethan Allen farm in Burlington. So the way that they sold farmland back then, so everyone wanted to have some waterfront property, not just for the views, but for drinking water for access of travel. And the river was more valuable waterfront than the lake, which is the opposite to me. But because the river seasonally flooded, it would be flooded this time of year, right? With the snow melt and that flood would bring nutrients into the soil, which made it a better farming soil. So everyone purchased long, skinny plots of land that went up on one end to the river. So like where North Ave is today and it cuts the new North end East and West, basically you had a plot of land that went from the lake or the river up to North Ave and a long rectangle to that. So where the Homestead Museum is and where the tower is, where the same long, skinny plot of land that went from the Wunewski River inland. And that was the Ethan Allen farm. And how about the Intervail Association? Is that part of, that's a different property? That's a different organization. They're just a little bit, I get my upriver and downriver to use. They're a little bit inland along the river than us, about five miles. But it's the same river property, but that wasn't land owned by Ethan Allen. Okay. And I have one more question. I'm sorry, I didn't monopolize this, but. Generally, no, I don't know the specifics of it all came in one purchase at one paper signing, or if immediately there were a couple additional purchases. But basically, since the museum's been opened, it's been the same plot of land and it hasn't acquired more. Angie, I have a feeling that the Homestead Museum, the large Homestead Museum itself, which is white right now, is mainly dedicated to the Abinacchi and their artifacts and documents. Am I right on that? Not exactly. Not exactly. We have basically like three rooms of exhibits and one of those is dedicated to our partnership with Al-Nubawi, where there's an Abinacchi culture exhibit, but the other two rooms are still predominantly European white heritage, mostly do with the 18th century, with homesteading crafts, as well as Ethan Allen, the Green Mountain Boys, and like artisan farming and gardening things. Angie, thank you so much. And please note it's to be there at one, not 1.30, on May 8th. We'll see you then. Thank you so much. Thank you so much.


Please join me in welcoming David Byne. Good evening. So this is really exciting for me. I'm David with OpenROV. And I was so excited to get this invitation to come speak at the library because I actually wrote a good chunk of the book here.  I would go work at Tech Shop down the street and then come here and write about everything I learned. So it's a real privilege to be here. And I want to talk about a few things about making. But I've also learned a few things. So the book came out three months ago. And I've been around kind of talking to different people about their projects and what they're working on and how they can get involved. And I want to broaden it to more than just making and really make this talk about dreaming and about friendship. Because that's really what my story has been. And I think it's an important component to what this whole maker movement really is. And I want to start with this quote from Kanye West, who I think is totally crazy. But I really like this quote that I read from him in The New York Times about dreaming properly. And it just kind of jumped off the page. Before I get started, I just want to get a quick show of hands. How many people have heard of the maker movement? OK, so everybody. How many people have been to a maker fair? OK, so only about half. So that's great. That means you all have this kind of opportunity coming up here in May of this year to go and attend a maker fair and really see what this whole thing is about. And that's what happened to me four years ago now. Someone told me, he said, have you ever heard a maker fair? And I said, no, I don't know what it is. I said, well, you've got to go and you've got to check it out. And so I did. I showed up at this maker fair and I think it was, it must have been 2009 now. And I was completely blown away. I mean, there were this huge crowd of people building all sorts of things that I never could have imagined. Robots and 3D printers and working with electronics. And it was just, the whole scene to me was bizarre. It was out of this world. And I was captivated. And the thing that really grabbed my attention was the people. Regardless of all these cool things that they were making, I was most impressed by how passionate they were and how excited they were about what they were doing. I knew I wanted that. At the time, I was working in an office and I had a job where I was writing a lot of emails and thought it was important in doing all these things. But I knew I wanted to have that passion that I saw that these makers had. And so I didn't know what to do, but I kind of left that event thinking, okay, somehow I got to get involved in that. And it wasn't until I met this guy. This is a photo taken a little bit later. This is Eric Stackpole. He's one of my best friends and co-conspirator at OpenROV. He's, this is the kind of guy he is. I always like to use this photo because he went to Antarctica last year and he was packing a tuxedo. I was like, why are you packing a tuxedo? And he's like, just trust me. And just so we could take this photo. And this is exactly the type of guy he is. He's just really, really thoughtful, adventurous. And I met him three years ago, almost to this day exactly. And we met at a hostel in Fort Mason.  I think you'll really like him. He's building a submarine in his garage. I said, that sounds bizarre. You know, I have to meet him. And we got introduced and he started telling me this story about this underwater cave that supposedly had gold at the bottom of this underwater cave in Northern California. There was this gold rush-era robbery and this gold was thrown down the cave and no one had been to the bottom of it. And that's why he was building this underwater robot to go explore. And he pulled this out and showed it to me. And this was in the first hour of us talking and my jaw was on the floor and I just knew that I wanted to be a part of that. I mean, this was that same feeling that I had seen at Maker Faire and that same thing that was missing from my life at the time. And so I said, Eric, you gotta let me tag along. I wanna help you build this robot. I wanna go to this cave. I wanna be a part of it. And he was like, okay, great, sounds good. And so what we did was that robot never worked. It was an early prototype that never functioned. It was kind of a symbol of where we were going. But he let me create a website. We called it OpenROV. And I said, I think we should make this thing open source and invite other people on the internet to help us get to our goal, to help us make this robot. And see if we can make this a bigger thing than just about us. So we did. We created this website called OpenROV and what it is is just a forum. And I talk about in the book all the different platforms that you can easily get started and create one of these things. And the barriers to getting these things going are so low. It's really, what it really is is just starting a discussion. And that's what happened at that hostel when Eric and I first met, is we shared our dream of having really low cost underwater robots and being able to explore for ourselves. We started dreaming together. And that was important. And also this stage when we had these forums was really important because it was just Eric and I at the beginning. But steadily we began to meet more people who were interested, people who had different advice. And we'd always invite them to a website to contribute ideas and concepts and maybe other adventure ideas. We just invited people to be a part of this dream. And so we kept doing it. And for many, many months it was just us on the forums, no big deal. But then we mounted this expedition to go back to the cave. We finally had a robot to the point where we could go and we could do this. And we were so excited. I mean, it was just us and a few friends. But we did get the, we ended up getting the interest of the New York Times. And the New York Times wrote a story about it. And all of a sudden it was, it exploded. We got, we started getting emails and messages from people all over the world who said, that robot looks really cool. I wanna get one. You know, how can I get one? How can I build my own? And we had been publishing all the designs online but we decided to run a Kickstarter project. And we thought, okay, well we'll offer these kits for the robot and put it on Kickstarter and see if anyone wants one. And we set our funding goal at $20,000. We thought, you know, if we get $20,000 that would be a big success and we can get a number of these kits out there and we raise the $20,000 in like two hours. So we pressed, you know, you press submit on your project and then it goes on the internet and all of a sudden you see the dollar signs going up and it's, at first you're really excited. You know, it's thrilling. And then it keeps going up and then you realize, oh man, we really gotta make all of these things. So we ended up raising $111,000 which a year and a half ago was a lot of money on Kickstarter. Nowadays it's like run of the mill. A lot of projects raise that much money. It's not as impressive, but for us that was a lot. I mean, we were working out of Eric's garage at the time. We were working out of Tech Shop. I was living in my car. I mean, that was a significant deal. And then Eric was going to Antarctica. So he had another job working on ROVs at the time. He had worked out, but anyways, he had to go to Antarctica. And so I was left to make all these things and that was so daunting. It was one of the loneliest, most difficult moments of my life is getting all of these boxes of parts and trying to manage where all these things are coming from from all over the world and then turning around and then shipping these out to our Kickstarter backers. And luckily we had this great community of people who've been really supportive and we did get these things together. A lot of the community ended up showing up, helping me pack boxes, helping me make robots and getting them out the door. So we figured it out and we started shipping these things around the world and now they've been to all these different corners of the globe and it's so exciting to get these pictures back, but more importantly, it's exciting to meet all these other people. We feel so privileged to be a part of this, to be a part of this community of ocean explorers, of people who are curious, who have different shipwrecks or meteorites or sunken ships or whatever. They have these wild stories and they're gonna go out and they're gonna try and find them. And for us it's just so fun to be a part of. So we're not getting rich, we're not the richest oceanic mini-subbuilders in the world but we are having the most fun. And the people who contribute to our community are getting a lot out of the process because it's not just a product. You get this kid and you're also a part of this community of people who are building this infrastructure. Nothing like this has really ever existed for ocean exploration and we're doing it. It's a network of garage enthusiasts putting this thing together. And this is the latest one. So the robot is moving so fast. The development is really moving along. The software is coming along with a lot of the different hardware components. This is the latest version 2.5. It's something that's fun to look at and to play with but it also is fun because of what it stands for. And it stands for the thousands of people who have taken the time to be a part of it. Okay, so that has all happened in the span of like two years. I went from not having a job to living in my car to all of a sudden working on this robot company and having this community of DIY ocean explorers who I'm a part of. That's a big jump. And so what did I learn? And I wrote, I started writing about this from Make Magazine and the first thing I learned is that this is not about DIY.  They know a lot of things that I don't know. They could build these things in their garage. They have a lot of skills and knowledge. But I didn't have that. I was kind of a desk jockey. And I learned very quickly that this isn't about doing anything yourself. This is about being open to doing things with other people. It's about getting advice. It's about sharing ideas. Helping people when you can and having people help you when they can. So that's a big important idea. It's about do it together, D-I-T. The other thing I learned is that these are not my grandfather's tools. I figured this was something where if I wanted to start making, I would have to either go back to school getting an engineering degree or maybe I would have to be a computer scientist or all these different things. What I found was that these tools, these mostly computer controlled machines, so CNC machines, like 3D printers are something you hear a lot about. Laser cutters are another exceptional tool. The CNC mill machines. These things are all very accessible. I mean, they're at Noisebridge, which is a hacker space in the mission.  You can go to TechShop, also down the street, learn how to use these tools. These things are really becoming accessible and you could take a two hour class, a three hour class and learn enough to be dangerous. And that's the one thing I picked up quickly is you're never gonna learn everything. You're not gonna learn how to use all these tools, but that shouldn't stop you from getting started. That once you have seen what's possible inside the shop, you've seen what these different tools can do, then you know what's possible and you learn it as you need to and you figure out which people to talk to because other people have the information. They have the technique. They can help you get things done. So it's kind of this idea of just in time learning is something that Neil Gershinfeld talked about. And from the very beginning, I only wanted to learn, I didn't want to learn everything, I just wanted to learn enough to be dangerous and I think that's a really important idea is that a little bit of knowledge goes a long way in opening up all these new possibilities. Really you can kind of chart this new trajectory for your life really and now is a perfect time to get involved because the tools are still kind of nascent and the communities are just forming and just coming together. The opportunity is really, it's wonderful right now. It's a really opportune time to jump in. Someone had this chart when I was getting started and showed it to me and I thought it was really important. Obviously there's a lot of stuff that you just don't know and even more stuff that you don't know you don't know and learning enough to be dangerous is really about expanding that yellow circle. It's about expanding the stuff that you know it's out there but you don't know how to do it. Just kind of broadening your world of what's possible. And so I had all this advice that I had been writing down of all these things I was learning and I decided that I wanted to turn that thing into a little book, into a guide for someone else who was in, maybe my position a few years ago who was in this kind of office or in this job that they didn't like or have this idea that they want to get into the world but didn't know where to start. That this whole thing seemed too intimidating. So I thought I'd put it together in a little guide book and that's what I did. I put the project again on Kickstarter. I said I want to create this book and several people got behind it and then I had to write the book which again shouldn't put yourself in those kind of positions but I did and it came out in September and I'm really proud of it and I'm proud of all the people who have participated in this and are excited to get their own projects into the world and are excited to participate in this maker movement because I think it's really important. I think this, I'd grown up in this world where there was television and ads and everything gets done for you and for me this was a really important transition. This was kind of moving from this world where you're just kind of a passive consumer of things to an active participant, to a maker and I think that's what this maker movement is really about and I really hope that you guys are interested and excited to make that first step because it's really the most important thing. One other thing I wanted to add. I just got this email. So the thing about writing a book is you unleash your ideas in the world and they're the best ideas you have but there's always criticism and so I've gotten some feedback of people who've been, some people have really liked it and some people have been critical. I got this email the other day and I wanted to address some of the criticism of the book because I think this is important because I think this is worth clarifying. Here were his three bones to pick with the book. One is David, you joined a project that was already underway. Eric was already building this robot. Second thing was you live in the Bay Area, the Bay Area has a huge advantage over other places in the world and then three, you became a maker with the support of Make Magazine and all these people were reading your blog, you're a zero to maker blog. I thought all of these things are totally fair but I also want to address them and say I did join a project that was already underway but there are so many projects that are underway. I mean, it's a big, you know, by deciding to become a part of this community you can show up at these makerspaces and join any of these projects. You know, we welcome anyone to jump into the OpenRV project and start sharing what they're doing online. We love that. I don't think you need to feel like you're starting from zero.  You could be a part of some of these other projects. We're all standing on the shoulders of giants. There's all these people who've created these tools and created these pathways and opportunities for us. It's great to take advantage of those things. So that's what I think about that one. Second, you live in the Bay Area. All of you live in the Bay Area. You guys are all very privileged to be in this place because I do think there is something special about charting new ideas and making them happen here but I do think this thing is spreading all over the world and we're seeing this in our community. There's people in every corner of the globe who are participating in our projects and all of these open source hardware projects would tell you the same thing. Also, there's maker spaces popping up everywhere. There are local mini maker fairs that are springing up all over the place. There was just the hundredth mini maker fair last weekend. It's something that's spreading beyond the Bay Area and if there isn't a maker movement in your, or a maker fair or a maker space in your community, you know, it's a great time to get your neighbors organized, get your friends organized and start something like this. The third thing is that I was privileged because I got to write for Make Magazine and of course I think that's true. I think it was a really big honor and we were really lucky but I also think that everybody has that opportunity. I mean, Make Magazine loves writing about makers and the projects that they're doing and I think it's important that if you see what's happening here that you know that you also have the support of Make Magazine. You also have the support of the maker community. We all want you to start your own project. Nobody, no, if you have an idea in your head, a dream, we want, everybody wants to see that come to life and I think that's important to keep in mind is that everyone's rooting for you. I'm happy to teach everything I've learned. Most of all my best ideas are in the book but I think you'll find that with the maker movement is everybody is really supportive and encouraging of what you can dream of and what you want to build. And then just to end on this, that a lot of people are probably wondering if we found any gold in the cave. We didn't. But I always like to end this is that we didn't find any gold but we found this treasure which was this community of people and this experience of sharing this dream with all these other folks. So that's all and if you guys have any questions I'm happy to answer questions. Ideas are kind of cheap in a way because there's plenty of them but implementing the idea is a whole different story. So how do you, how do you filter the ideas? Is there a process? Because even your own ideas, the first time maybe isn't the best thing. You need to go through a process of filtering it and refining it and editing the idea. So what is that process about? I'll go back to the first slide. I think it's really, it's more about just having a good idea. It's about dreaming properly. It's about having an idea that really comes from something that you wanna see in the world. I see a lot of people who say, oh I think there's a big market for this. Then I'm gonna go and create that. I think that I could sell 100,000 of X. Those projects never work out because they don't have the right spirit. They don't have the right soul. I mean the thing that you want, that you just can't live without and nobody else makes it or it doesn't exist, that's the thing you should be making. Even if it's just for you. So starting with the right idea which comes from something that either solves a big problem you're having or it's just something you want is the first step. And then it's about inviting people. It's about finding the people around here and saying, hey, what do you think of this? It's about showing up at the local makerspace and saying, well I have this idea, I've started prototyping this way but I don't know if that's gonna work. What do you think? And those are the four most powerful words in bringing an idea to life is what do you think? Like you, I guess, joined the tech shop recently. Wanted to get into some other stuff. And I'm a little daunted, particularly about electronics. I never built anything with logic circuits or computer control. Yeah, if you walk into tech shop or if you walk into a makerspace and it's filled with projects and it's filled with these electronics and that is scary. There is that barrier of fear and I think everybody has it and it's really natural. You can learn it. With everything you learn, there is going to be work. No doubt about it. I think what I've found is that setting myself up in a position where I have to learn it. Like saying, okay, we wanna build this underwater robot and now we have to figure out this part of it. Kind of raising the stakes almost and then inviting other people to be a part of it. So I'm still terrible with electronics, still terrible with programming. I don't think I'm a good maker, but what I think is important is that for me it was just a willingness to be a part of something. And I think that's what we're finding is that one is these things are approachable, the classes, the experts, they're all accessible online now. But two is the internet has kind of changed things where you can connect to people much quicker and kind of leverage what you do know to be a part of something that you want to do, almost like trading your skills. Sort of a special idea. I was curious if there are groups of people thinking about cooperatives and applying the idea that you can have a bunch of potters who get together and they make pottery together and then they sell the stuff they make in a shared shop and each potter is an owner of the cooperative together and it's easy for them to come and go. Are there people who are doing this in the maker movement and also in the kind of the version that you have where you're actually trying to do this at scale? Yeah. You know, there's some things that are cooperative like. One of the things that we're seeing is open source hardware, right? So people are making hardware open source. All of our design files are online. You can go and download them and make your own robot. That'd be wonderful. I'd love that. So there's forms of that. I mean sharing is rampant. I think there's a kind of a widespread realization that we need to rethink what value is and because I don't have a lot of money, I live on a little sailboat now and you know what? My life is just really rich because I have this huge community and I get to invite it on these adventurers with them all over the world and I talk about this a lot. This goes back to your question too is Eric and I, when we started this, we said, okay, you know, even though it's a business, we're gonna maximize our return on adventure. We're gonna make sure we're having the most fun and that everybody who jumps in here is gonna have a lot of fun and I think that's important for us and I think that new models will start to emerge but I think it's really important to think about value and regardless of whether you call yourself a nonprofit or a co-op or a business, those are all just structural issues. I think that the real focus has to be on creating value. Do you think about something in terms of its hackability? Yeah. Like before you buy it? Sure. And when you look at a product or things that you just, like your toaster breaks, I'm gonna take apart my toaster. Sure. Washing machine, like you didn't ever think about that before but now you do. Yeah, totally. There's a section in the book about fixing things and I have to tell a little story about how my blender broke and I just realized it was a totally cheap blender and I fixed it and I took it apart and put it back together and it worked again but I just realized, you know, like you should have more valuable things. You know, you should think about how things are made and that's one thing I noticed with me. I mean, this was very early on and I started this as I started noticing how things are made. I started understanding and wondering how things were made and really kind of getting, putting a mental picture of the manufacturing process and where all this stuff comes from and yeah, it's the provenance of things, the story of things, the soul of things. That all really, really matters and I think like as a culture, we need to wake up to that, that we're creating this world. We're putting the meaning into things or not putting the meaning into things and we need to decide what kind of world we wanna live in. I hope it's a meaningful one. You mentioned there was a shop called the Tech Shop nearby that we could go and look at people doing this, making these items. Where could you tell us more about that shop? Sure, thank you. So there's a number of these physical spaces. So the maker movement is an idea but it's also manifesting in these physical maker spaces around the world and they take a lot of different forms. There's a number of different shapes and sizes here in the Bay Area. One of them is Tech Shop. Tech Shop is the most like commercial, it's like a fitness club but they've got a bunch of tools and it's more expensive. It's like a hundred bucks or something like that a month but they have millions of dollars worth of tooling there. I mean all the CNC machining, all the training, all these things that you can really prototype just about anything there. There's other spaces in the Bay Area too like Noise Bridge is a good example. It's a maker space, it's a cooperative model where you can just show up. You don't have to, they're kind of open and welcome but it's a smaller community. It's called Noise Bridge, it's in the mission. So you mentioned that you went through a time where you had lost your job and you were living in your car and you're kind of going through a transitional phase? Sure. And I'm in a similar position right now and I was wondering if you could kind of share your insights about what kind of challenges that you faced or how you managed living in the Bay Area kind of in a transitional period like that. Yeah, it's really hard. I'm like emotional thinking about it because when you lose your job or when you lose anything, you find yourself questioning things. You question your value as a human. I vividly remember walking through the streets just going what am I gonna do? And it was terrifying for a lot, for a good amount of time, for months and months and months. I was really scared. And one day I had this idea, okay, what do I really wanna do? And I had this idea of being a DIY industrial designer and that's when I really schemed up this whole zero to maker thing. I was like, I don't have any money to do this but I'm gonna start taking these classes and writing about it and doing all these things. And there was this glimmer of hope that maybe that's the right way to do it. Maybe there's a way there and really positive things started to happen after I made that commitment. And it was little things. It was showing up and woodworking one day or just these small victories. You know, like, so one day you start with something and then you finish it and it's something else. You see the progress. It builds this kind of confidence that there's forward momentum. You know, I learned how to do this today where I learned about this tool today. And those small victories were huge, were really important. And I just started stringing those together and open ROV. I mean, it's great. I mean, it's cool to come up here and talk about this like there's a book and now we have a company and all these people and it's wonderful. But it was not always like that. You know, there were moments where it was very, very bleak. It's never been a better time to learn these tools. And if there's something you're interested in, just find someone who knows it and just hang around them. Hang around until they teach you. And keep doing that until you've learned several different things and continue to dream big because it's really possible. And really amazing things can happen if you keep your head down straight and say, okay, this is an opportunity. This is, because you only get a few windows of time where you can change things in a big way. That was a really long thing, but that means a lot to me. You guys, thank you so much. I really enjoyed the conversation.


Shane Dawson just dropped part one of his eight part series The Mind of Jake Paul and in this review and reaction we're gonna talk about the main focus of this which is is Jake Paul fake or is he a sociopath? What is up everybody this is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel my channel is all about trying to help you improve your mental health whether it's depression or anxiety or just being in bad relationships whether with significant others or friends like my channel is all about helping you so sometimes what I like to do I like to pull from what's going on in the community to try to help you learn how to improve your mental health so if you're into that kind of stuff make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton of videos and I will be recapping pretty much all of these videos when it comes to The Mind of Jake Paul so if you haven't watched it yet there's got to be some spoilers but I'm assuming if you're here you've already watched it so I've been interested in this Shane Dawson is a YouTuber who I was introduced to by my girlfriend and I've been following him you know for I don't know the last year or so and I really love these documentary series and so I just got done watching it and there's so many topics I can cover like I was streaming on my Twitch channel and watching it and taking down a bunch of notes so there's a few different topics I can touch on I might make multiple videos if any of you have suggestions on things you want me to talk about mental health wise make sure you leave them down in the comments all right but basically what Shane wants to do with this is he wants to find out if Jake Paul is a sociopath like I can relate to Shane Dawson like in the sense that he's intrigued by this like mental health aspect of it right like that's one of the reasons why I do so much reading and research and make these videos to try to help educate other people so he really wants to find out and something that's very interesting that he touched on and it's something that I've asked myself about a wide range of careers is like do you have to have something a little bit kooky going on to be in a certain field like a YouTuber though the one thing I'll say about that for now is I think it depends on the YouTuber like YouTubers who are like vlogging and stuff like that like yeah there might be some like narcissistic traits within those types of people like people who just crave this attention and all these other things like there's certain YouTubers but I don't think it's a good like blanket statement because there's people like me for example or a bunch of the other mental health YouTubers who I'm friends with or we're just trying to go out there and help people you know what I mean so I don't think it's a good blanket statement but it is fascinating to kind of look at different people and say okay what's going on with this person and why that why do they do that so anyways Shane Dawson he's going to be doing quite a few collabs throughout this process in the first part he did one with iNabber who is somebody that I just recently started watching a little bit like and I think it's you know he does a really good job and it comes like the quote unquote drama going on he's pretty level headed and he just did a great video about h3h3 and depression and stuff like that I think he watched my video on it but I'm not sure he touched on a lot of the same points but anyways this first one was with iNabber but soon he's going to be doing a video with Katie Morton I'm not sure which part that's going to be in but Katie Morton for those of you who don't know she's a licensed marriage and family therapist here on YouTube she has like 400,000 subscribers probably gonna blow up after this collab but anyways Shane wants to talk to her about you know is Jake Paul a sociopath or other YouTubers sociopaths and things like that so I guess what we'll do or what I wanted to do is like what is a sociopath so I want to talk about like the seven common traits why am I holding up three fingers the seven common traits of a sociopath it's so important to know these things because if you want to keep your mental health like in a good place you need to acknowledge or be educated about what a sociopath actually is you know what I mean like so that way you can cut off certain relationships and all that kind of stuff and I'm going to touch on why Jake is able to do what he does if he is in fact a sociopath all right so sign number one this person has lots of friends okay these are people who are around the person the sociopath but they're never going to grow like a strong relationship and they come and go and this is something that we see a lot with team 10 and Jake Paul like his close friends are never around that long because he doesn't develop those types of connections with people sign number two a lot of manipulation okay and I don't know when it comes to Jake Paul we're gonna see later on in this series like when we learn you know more truth about him and stuff but like Shane touched on a good point like Shane might walk out of this thing getting manipulated and he won't even you know like will he know like and that's the thing about sociopaths is that they will learn and and and do and say the things that you want to see or the things that you want to hear in order to manipulate you they're very very good at what they do like I was cracking up like Shane like edited in like clips of like American psycho and I'm like I don't know if I would go that far but that's the thing like they try to blend in with other people and they're they're really just trying to manipulate you either for you know their own gains or like certain you know emotions that they can get from you like love or affection or attention or whatever the case may be so sign number three is narcissism okay so they'll have narcissistic traits all right they're they're the greatest they're the best everything's about them they need the attention and all that kind of stuff I have an entire video about narcissistic personality disorder I'll link it up in the info card above so if you want to check it out and see if there's similarities between narcissistic personality disorder and Mr. Jake Paul a big sign is sign number four and that's emotional detachment okay like they don't feel bad when they do these things like so Jake Paul has had a ton of controversy so I don't follow the Paul brothers like at all at all at all I think you know I obviously knew of them and heard about them and things like that but I really heard of Logan Paul after the whole thing in Japan and all that stuff but not as much about Jake Paul as I did you know I learned more about Jake Paul in this video than I ever knew about Jake Paul all right so this emotional detachment like why do people keep doing these things right is is Jake Paul incapable of understanding how he's hurting people is he incapable of understanding what how he might be affecting children in a negative way is he incapable of that because of this emotional detachment and something that I'm thinking about doing a video on is like how Jake Paul might have changed because I never touched on a very good point that Jake used to be different he seemed to be a lot more connected with his audience I mentioned in one of my other videos about Jake Paul that when he sat down with Gary Vaynerchuk on the podcast like Gary was telling him like you need to reconnect with people and that's a big problem with youtubers and I like I think sociopath tendencies can can eventually like happen just because of how detached people get like if you look at most youtubers like big youtubers you'll see how detached from people they really really are like because they're not you know interacting with the audience they're not replying to comments they're not going out to events they're not connecting you with you on that one-on-one level so the bigger they get the more detached they are and if they're detached from the reality that most people like you and me are going through yes that can lead to emotional detachment the next sign is compulsive lying and this is another thing so it weaves into that manipulation like they lie just constantly constantly constantly so something that they brought up in here with the whole thing going on with Jake Paul's ex and everything like that and like also you know the allegations that phased banks assaulted Jake's assistant and all that kind of stuff like when you combine manipulation and emotional attachment with lying like that's the thing this is why this is another reason why lie detectors polygraph tests are complete garbage you know what I mean when somebody is like that when they're detached like that and they manipulate like that's the normal form they compulsively lie and it doesn't affect them one of the reasons I know that is I used to be a compulsive liar so number six is a reckless attitude like need I say more like look what he does for views and all these other things like I don't even know how much risky stuff he did like I heard about him like lighting a mattress on fire or whatever in his pool and the neighbor's getting mad but like all this other stuff and it's like oh my god like that that that reckless behavior like I'm leaning more to like this dude might have an issue and the last one is quick to anger so like I said I'm not a huge I'm not any kind of Jake Paul fan I don't think he's a good person I don't like how he influences his children but anyways I've seen a few clips of how quick to anger he is and it's been caught on camera like it's been caught on camera how quick he can snap and and his attitude changes and a lot of that comes from these grandiose ideas of self like the ego and the pride like when people don't treat you a way that you think you should be treated you snap you see what I mean so like I think you know what I want to end this video with is talking about like you know if if Jake is a sociopath um I never talked about this like what's keeping people around what is keeping people there and it's something that I keep talking about over and over and over again on my channel like I know most of you watching this are not youtubers but I just want you to keep this in your mind because people believe that if they can get this certain thing right whether it's subscribers or followers or money or you know the houses and the cars if they think if they can get that then they'll be happy and the problem with that is not only do we know that that doesn't always bring happiness but the other one is is that you lower your standards of like and of who you are as a person right you you change your moral compass you're willing to put up with a lot more so like you see these people go into Jake Paul's like inner circle of team 10 and just get emotionally abused physically abused and they're doing it just so they get this launching pad and like the thing is that we keep seeing time and time again all that not only are these people getting hurt but you keep seeing celebrities who are stuck in their depression you see your celebrities like committing suicide and stuff and it's like for what for what and it's because of this false idea that success is going to be happiness happiness will bring your success so do not sacrifice your integrity or your morals in order to reach this thing that has no guarantee of happiness like I have a lot of firm beliefs you know when it comes to mental health when it comes to addiction and things like that and like my girlfriend and I talk about it because as I'm starting to grow and talking about doing collabs with other youtubers on different subjects you know she reminds me too like don't change your opinions on these things just to like you know appease these other people and absolutely absolutely because that's the kind of stuff that makes it so I can't sleep at night all right so like I like I said I have a whole note page filled with other ideas if there's anything that you think I should talk about especially in part one or any of the future parts like make sure you leave them in the comments below I put my instagram up here again twitter is the same handle at the reward so tweet at me but I will be covering this entire series and talking about mental health aspects of it all right so remember if you start to see the signs of a sociopath in your life set up some boundaries and cut ties with them all right but that's all I got for this video I would love to hear your thoughts down in the comments below if you like this video please give it a thumbs up and if you're new here I'm always making videos to help you out with your mental and emotional well-being make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell and a huge huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel on patreon you are all amazing and if you would like to grab some sweet rewired soul merch I sound like jake paul but click or tap on that icon right there all right thanks so much for watching I'll see