Zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZNONPs, have become increasingly popular in various industrial products and biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and potent ability to trigger excessive oxygen species production, release zinc ions, induce cell apoptosis, keep the structural integrity of insulin, and show excellent luminescent properties for bio-imaging. This article was authored by Gene Huang, Jiang, Jiang Pi, and GSCAI.


Next question is from Netflix and Rachel, how can I fix my anterior tilt? Okay, so she is referring to an anterior pelvic tilt. Now, for those who don't know what that means, imagine looking at someone from a side view. This is where the lower back arches and the butt kind of sticks out and the belly kind of comes forward, okay? This is a common posture issue that you see in people in modern societies. Mainly because we do a lot of sitting and we don't have good core strength. So this posture starts to appear because your hip flexors start to tighten up to try to support your core. Start worrying about back pain specifically. Yeah, back pain, hip pain, wearing high heels encourages this type of posture. So if you wear a lot of heels, you'll start to get this posture. And so it just doesn't feel good. And then if you go to exercise in barbell squat or deadlift or anything else that involves low back stability, it can cause a lot of problems. So in order to fix it, you want to strengthen the opposing movement pattern, if you will. One great exercise.  Everybody who understands anterior pelvic tilt will tell you to strengthen your core. But the problem with just saying that is people who have tight hip flexors and weak cores can go do sit ups and leg raises and all these ab exercises and they can perform them and not get good core strength because they don't realize that their hip flexors are doing all the work. Or they're reinforcing the problem because they keep using that same muscle. That's right. In fact, they make things worse. So strengthen your core, but learn how to strengthen your core. On our YouTube channel, there's a movement called Hip Flexor Deactivators. Check that out. I teach you how to deactivate the hip flexors and then activate the core muscles so that you can start to separate the two and strengthen the core to kind of help offset that posture. This is another example. This answer lies for sure in the Mind Pump TV channel on YouTube. In fact, Serene just did a video. The latest video that has gone up on that channel is Pelvic Clockwise. I forget the title of it, but it will definitely help with this issue. The number one downloaded video or viewed video on there is the three best secrets to build a better butt. I actually addressed this in that with floor bridges and I talk about this. Floor bridges are great. Even though anterior pelvic tilt is not in the title, the movements and the priming that I talk about to build a butt. Because a lot of times this is what happens. When somebody has an anterior pelvic tilt, it shifts the weight over into their quads and their hip flexors like Sal is alluding to why you want to do hip flexor deactivators. And then when you go into like a squat, a lunge, or any leg or butt type of exercise, they end up developing or feeling most of it in the quads and not the butt where they want. So the video that I did on the butt is really addressing why it's so valuable. It's addressing anterior pelvic tilt, which many, many people suffer from. And why that's so important if you then want to develop a butt because you first have to address the anterior pelvic tilt, get the glutes firing properly, and then what types of exercises to support that. And then in conjunction with that, what Sal is talking about, about building the core and supporting that, all of that together is what's going to fix the anterior pelvic tilt and then also help build your glutes or posterior tilt. Yeah, another great one is our wall test. And really just to gain access to the TVA again. And so it really like a lot of times like with the anterior pelvic tilt, you lose that access to core muscles that are vital in stabilizing your spine. And so that's why a lot of these pains persist because you have to be able to distribute that force somewhere. And so a lot of times it stops in inconvenient places where your body like takes on a lot of that stress and creates this pain. And isn't that, Doug, they can still access that webinar that Justin did for Prime, right? That's in that webinar. Yeah, mapsprimewebinar.com. Okay, excellent. Yeah, it's by far the most, if I did an assessment on a new client, I could pretty much guarantee that I would see anterior pelvic tilt and forward shoulders. So common, I would say eight or nine out of 10 people have that issue. And here's the thing with these posture deviations. Your body moves in the direction that your muscles dictate. So if there's muscles that are weak or tight or constantly in a mild state of tonus or slightly tensed all the time or lax and not connecting very well, your posture would just follow that. And then what happens over time, if you don't fix it, is it gets worse and worse and worse. And the way you fix it is by strengthening the muscles that need to be strengthened. You cannot fix this problem with belts and braces and things that will hold you in position. That's only going to cause the issue to get worse.


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. Right now, inside of this market, we are asking the question, has the panic stopped on this Black Friday market crash? Right now, as we head into the middle part of this week, as we head towards Friday, Thursday and Friday, and the big promo of Black Friday that is coming, it seems, of course, as the Weekend League sell off and as people selling their teams as they finish their games, it seems to have stalled a little bit. And I want to talk about why I think that has happened, but also how I still think there's going to be plenty of opportunities to buy cards on this game and still see some low prices later on this week, even though we've seen just a few things start to go back up.  Loads, there's a couple of cards that have really jumped up in price. And I think there's some pro player influence with some qualifiers looming this weekend influencing those cards a little bit extra than other ones on the market. But for a lot of the market, really you've seen prices just kind of stay stagnant or bounce up a little bit on most cards. And I think that's just because the panic has stopped and the undercutting has stopped. And also I think there's a few reasons for that as well. I want to talk about the SBC content that we had yesterday. Technically, the SBCs that we received, the 81 plus double upgrade and the team of the week upgrade SBC, they're out for nine days, both of them. That to me, that's our first SBCs of Black Friday. It really is our first SBCs basically geared towards the Black Friday promo. Being out for nine days makes me think that the whole Black Friday promo as a whole is gonna run from this Thursday, Friday into next week a good amount. It's not just gonna stop on the weekend. It's gonna go basically until these packs are gone away. That's probably when we're gonna see cards in packs four. So we'll talk about that sort of stuff today. And as well, today on Tuesday, a lot of content coming in. It is a UCL day. So you wait for marquee matchups potentially dropping today. Could bring some pack supply to this market. Not that a ton of people are opening packs right now. I think a lot of people are saving packs. But maybe people are chipping away to base icon upgrade the third one, which didn't really move the market yesterday. We'll talk about that as well. There's just a lot going on in this game right now. On top of the Black Friday, I guess you could say a panic and market crash and impending promo already putting a huge, I guess, aura on this game. So let's talk about it, right? Again, yesterday on this game, there wasn't a lot that came out. There really wasn't. You saw a decent market rise after rewards, which was something that we wondered about. I wondered if people were gonna go out and play objectives and there wouldn't be much of a rise. But there definitely were some cards that rose up nicely yesterday. Overnight last night, I bought a bunch of salas right around about 145, 144, 145, couple at 147. And a lot of them sold like 165, you can see here, 160s. There was a nice rebound on a lot of these gold cards and I even traded with some more of them yesterday on this game. Yesterday on the game was actually an incredible time to trade a lot of these cards.  I bought both of these blocks, 565, 75. I bought this Luis Figo at 410. I've actually got like nine or 10 gretzgas right now on my transfer list that I bought in total nine or 10 of them. I have a couple more left here that I bought for like low 160s because this guy was in the 170s. I got most of these with the shadow chemistry style and they're selling pretty good. So I got a lot of trades going on because this market does not feel scared at the moment. And I think that is why you've seen some of these prices bounce back on this game, kind of like this Gretzga. He was like 152 at his lowest and right now he's sitting at like 167 high, 170. So I do feel confident in this market. Now, could today change things? Maybe a little bit. I still think that even though you've seen some of these prices rise up, as I mentioned, I think you are still gonna see a bit of panic come to this market later on this week. I mean, that could even start today. Take a look at Messi, right, 500,000 coins. He was basically down on Sunday and I believe Monday it is absolute lowest. He was in like the low 400s, like 410,000 coins. So he's up 20k, right? 20,000 coins, that's up just a little bit to be completely honest. That's not that big of a rise, right? That's how most cards are on this market right now. Ronaldo was like 620, he's now 640. Veran was 125, he's now 136. Robbie Keem last night was pretty low. Vinny Jr.'s second inform who's expected to still be in packs for best of. Team of the week was like 285. He's now up like 15k. So a lot of these cards have just kind of bounced back honestly because the panic selling has stopped, right? If you look at a lot of these prices after rewards yesterday on Monday, they rose up, right? There was a decent market rise just because people get their rewards and they go out and they buy cards, right? Marquinhos was 62k up to 70. Now again, for all these gold cards and we're gonna start to pinpoint maybe like a time to buy in a video here soon, for a lot of these cards, it's still not the buy time yet. And even for the whole entire market as a whole, you know, maybe you're looking at a rule breakers item like Holland 473, I have one on my transfer list right now that I bought at 440, trying to hopefully flip that like the 480 to 490 range. For most of these cards, if not all of them, I still think that there is gonna be another round or two of panic selling in the next three to four days before you see them shoot back up and go up in price on this weekend when everybody goes to buy, right? I still think there's gonna be another round of panic because there's still a lot of potential for content to come this week. And I think EA is really gonna go hard with Black Friday this year. I really think that they are because they're trying to keep people engaged in this game when the market is so low and as people are kind of losing interest because of the market is so low. I mean, speaking of losing interest in an SBC, another base icon SBC was released yesterday on this game. Basically the third one we've had in a couple of weeks time and 88s didn't even move. I think right now people are at the stage where they know like, hey, I'm not doing this last base icon SBC, it's not worth it and I don't have the fodder for it. A lot of people the first time around, they had some SBC fodder for it. Look at this 93% down vote on the base icon upgrade SBC, 93% down vote. Just because I think people are like, I can't afford this, 500,000 coins, you can go buy Messi for 500,000 coins and like the team that you can buy for 500K based off doing, or instead of doing that SBC is wild. So I think people are kind of realizing, hey, Black Friday is about to be here, we're not falling for this trap. Now the SBC that did move the market yesterday in terms of fodder was the Team of the Week upgrade pack and that has actually really brought up the fodder. Look at this 84s, the index was at 190 points, it went up all the way to 233, it's dropped back down a little bit but 84s are like 4,000 coins plus per card. A lot of you guys are getting these on 2K, below 3K range, you're making a lot of money on 84s and 83s, 83s have basically gone up to about 1.3 to 1.4K as well. So big W, if you invested in some of that fodder, if I'm being completely honest, I think potentially the best move to do here would be probably cashing out on a lot of that stuff and that way you don't have to worry about it. Heading into Black Friday when so many people wanna buy teams and a lot of people are selling their fodder, right? You take a look at the index 84 again, it's kind of spiking like this and you're seeing it kind of dip off into the evening. People are selling their fodder because they're worried maybe a little bit about some pack supply that could come today and they just wanna get their investment out, right? They made some coins before Black Friday, they wanna put these new coins into a team and buy some players at the end of this week with Black Friday and everything and the price drops and the huge promo. So that's another thing why I think you might start to see the market just rise a little bit and it actually just creates a market even though we're inside of a market crash, it creates a market that is very, very good to trade in where you see a lot of fluctuations like we saw yesterday on the game with basically all sorts of cards on this game, right? You saw all the cards that were on my transfer list, tons of fluctuations in the past 24 hours that I've been able to trade with to make coins on and I think with the market kind of, a lot of people selling those investments, a lot of people are selling SBC fodder and I think actually, after you sell an investment and you make a lot of coins, you wanna go back on the market and buy some cards and do something good with your coins, right? So some of these UCL cards, Road to the Knockouts, of course, we've got games today. Today is a UCL game Tuesday, that means a couple things for content but it also means that these cards, a lot of these Road to the Knockouts are gonna be one step closer to a potential upgrade. So as we've seen in the last like 12 to 24 hours as well, you've seen some of these Road to the Knockouts rise up. Fred, who is right now, Phupin has him at 356. He just got undercut there at 348. Fred at 350,000 coins, he was 330 yesterday when we were looking at him, right? Timo Werner is almost up at a million for his Road to the Knockout card. A lot of these cards have risen up in anticipation for their games today. Now on my transfer list, I've got a Rodrigo at 280, so he's kind of going over 300,000 coins. Sane, I believe even just yesterday, 380, I'm pretty sure that he was like 350 at one point during the day. Yeah, 358, he was kind of low and he's kind of been rising back up. He's now of almost 30K into the mid to high 380K range. So Sinaldo is up, he's up like 30,000 coins in the last two days.  So there's a lot of these cards that are rising because of that potential upgrade hype today. Now I don't think that EA is going to upgrade these cards today and into this week. So I would be very careful, unless they were going to upgrade them as a part of the Black Friday content, which I wouldn't really expect, but I guess it could happen. I still think we're waiting another week or two for these Champions League, Europa League and Conference League cards to upgrade. So I honestly think that after today's games, you might see a few of these get sold off even if they win, right? Like Bayern are probably expected to win today. I think they're playing either, they're playing Benfica or Barcelona's playing Benfica. Let me look at the game really quick. Barcelona's playing Benfica. So especially for like De Jong, right? They're expected to win. His upgrades are kind of already priced in to this card at this point. You might see some of these road to the knockouts get sold off a bit as there's not a ton of demand for people to buy cards on this market and road to the knockouts have really only gone up since the market crash has come because people are investing in them. So you might see some undercutting and some people selling those investments and since there's less demand for buying teams, you might see some of these cards fall off. Post game today, tomorrow and on Thursday as we head into this promo this weekend. So these will be very interesting cards to watch out for as we head into the later parts of this week. But again, since it is a Champions League Tuesday, since it is a Champions League week that always brings a couple things. And I gotta talk about that content wise today and how that could affect the market. Champions League Blues, just imagine if EA Sports wanted to shake up the market even more right before Black Friday by throwing the Champions League cards into packs. Now again, we know these card designs in the game. We've seen EA tweet out posts with these cards obviously shown in like Instagram posts and stuff like that and Twitter posts and that we haven't seen them yet. So maybe today, right? Everybody wonders when are we gonna see Champions League cards? Maybe today is the day. That would be a crazy like kind of out of nowhere type of thing from EA Sports. Honestly right now, whenever these get released it's gonna be out of nowhere because we were expecting them like three, four weeks ago and we didn't get them. So now whenever these drop, it's gonna be a surprise to us on this game but that could be a big market movement and a crazy impact on the market if that happened today. I wouldn't expect that but you know, it could be an EA's back pocket, right? They like to release those cards on Champions League weeks. So we will have to see if they do that today but one thing that's almost guaranteed to be getting today would be a your way from marquee matchups which would bring some tradeable packs applied to this market. Now I don't think that would impact the market a ton. Probably what you would see is you would see some of that fodder take a dip in price and but most of the time what you're gonna see I think it would be people saving those packs. A lot of people would probably save those packs, put them in their pack collection for the promo that is upcoming this Friday, right? Because a lot of people don't open packs now anymore in FIFA when there's nothing out in packs because they know that soon enough there is gonna be something out and that's what they wanna save their packs for. So that's kind of what I would expect today from Mosey Wave at marquee matchups. It could drop SBC fodder a little bit though. So if you have some of that stuff honestly I would recommend taking it out. I take the coins on that because I think you've seen such a big rise. I think you will see a dip this weekend fodder but then also a rise later on and we'll talk about that a little bit more in a future video as well but other content we're expecting today is the third and final league that will be featured as the foot series promo squad foundation series if you will, EFL championship. So today we will probably get an SBC player and of course an objective set for the EFL. So just be careful with some of those English cards out there, especially the EFL championship ones and also I gotta say this, be careful if you are on TikTok man and you have some cards, I mean if you have cards in your club always be checking their prices because the TikToks right now it's crazy. James Tavernier's inform was like 14,000 coins on the market. Couple TikToks released telling people to invest in Tavernier because of the English links for a potential Kent foundation card that could be coming out. I think what's happening is these TikToks are latching on and people are investing without any regard for what is actually gonna make these cards up. It's purely like a pump and dump scheme. It seriously is like a pump and dump and you've seen so many cards like this fly up recently because of these videos that are getting hundreds of thousands of views on TikTok. People are just going out and buying these cards. Literally Tavernier is almost doubled in price. There was also a ETO, is this the guy? Yeah, this ETO inform is also up at 22,000 coins after he was 11K yesterday. So be very careful right now if you're seeing videos like this again or if you know people that are getting involved in this stuff. I think it's gonna have to stop because people are gonna realize that it doesn't work but some people are making coins off of it every time and it seems to keep happening. It happened earlier this week as well with Alex Teixeira. The road to the final Alex Teixeira card was like, I don't even know how much he was like. Let's see, I'm gonna click on this card because it was absolutely ridiculous seeing this price moving earlier on this week. I wanna show you guys the power of these TikTok videos. It's crazy. This guy was 13,000 coins and he was up to almost 30K at one point. Look at this, on Sunday 22,000 coins and then yesterday he was up at 28K, going back down to 23. So technically, yes, you can trade with these cards because look, they have huge swings in price as people sell them but then people buy them back especially if it's a really rare card like a road to the knockouts, Teixeira. But it's just ridiculous when these prices go up like this because it's like, it's not a really good investment. It's just somebody, it's like a pump and dub. They're saying go buy this card. People somehow just believe them on word of mouth. The card goes up in price and then if you don't sell at the peak, then you're screwed, right? And a lot of these cards go back down because there really was no real demand backing that investment or no reason why people wanted to buy this card. So that's another thing that is just taking the market and making it go crazy right now on this game.  If they do drop the UCL blue cards, that would be a crazy market movement. But honestly, we're just continuing on this road of waiting until Friday, right? I think that is what happened yesterday on this game too is that people are, they don't like waiting, right? They sell their investments or they've got coins up in the top left to buy a team. And that's why you see some of these fluctuations on the market that you see and people may be having a little bit more confidence in this market than what they had before. It's just because, you know, they've got coins. They've got coins to mess with. They've got cards that they wanna use, that they wanna try out. They see the prices, they're so cheap and they're like, man, I got coins. I wanna try these cards out. And I think that's why you're seeing some of these prices go up. People still have to play games, of course, too, right? People are playing footchamps. They're doing qualifiers for a weekend league. Of course, if I were you, I would try to get my qualifying games done and in before the weekend for sure. Because if you're gonna buy a team and then sell it before everything maybe crashes further later on this week, that's probably a move. So I don't know, I feel like qualifying for a weekend would be something that if you're watching this video, maybe you would wanna stress earlier on in the week if you can. Just to make sure that if you're waiting to buy a team, you can still maybe use a solid team in qualifiers, then maybe sell that team and then buy your like, post Black Friday Market Crash team a little bit later on. So yeah, right now, again, we're just kind of feeling the content too. Like there's a lot of content that is dropping, but just the whole market, besides the SPC fodder realm that has been booming with these SPCs that have been released, a lot of the market just seems to be in a waiting mode, and that's how it often is during these times when we're just waiting for that like ultimate market crash timeframe and ultimate crash point on the market where we're gonna have so much supply later on this week and everybody's just kind of in a waiting mode. So still hang on with those buys for a lot of the players, honestly, I think we're gonna do a specific video on like, what to buy, when to kind of buy it, looking towards the end of this week. I really think we're gonna have a promo team in packs, not just best of team in the week, because gone are the days where EA would just release old informs and packs and call that good for Black Friday. There's gonna be big content this weekend that really is on this game. So that's gonna be something that we're gonna keep a close eye on and continue to follow this market into the weekend, right? So if you're still waiting to buy a team, keep waiting. That's 100% my advice. If you're trading on this market, icons out of pack specials, they still have a lot of fluctuations because the SPCs that come out today could be an interesting day. People latch on to some theories about panic. I mean, look at this Vigo back up to 470, 480 almost. I sold mine at 450. So these road to the knockouts as well. They're really great to trade with, but I think a lot of people have invested in them since they're rare, and since there hasn't been too much to invest in in the past like week or so. So if you don't wanna take the risk on them, maybe you look to cash out decently soon today or around the time these guys play their games this week as well. So that's kind of the update on the market. Watch out for a second upload about more of the when to buy types of cards that should rise post Black Friday, of course, and stuff like that. Look out for a secondary upload on that today as well on the channel. So if you enjoyed the video today, make sure to hit a thumbs up down below in the comments. Let me know how you're feeling about the market at the moment, and of course, subscribe to the channel if you are new. It has been Nate the Foot Accountant. I will catch you guys later. Peace out.


Hello everyone welcome back to another session in Tentistry and more today we have a very interesting topic bite marks in forensic odontology. So forensic odontology is a branch which deals with identification of a person or age estimation by analyzing the bite marks or lip prints. So from the pattern of teeth or the pattern of bite they can identify the person or they can reach to a conclusion of the incident where this bite was occurred. So bite marks is a branch which is yet to be explored in detail. So let's learn a little bit about bite marks and how the bite marks are taken. Not in very detail but to a UG level class the pattern and the types of bite marks and the importance of bite marks in forensic odontology. So bite marks is nothing but a physical alteration in a medium caused by the contact of teeth. So it is a representative pattern which is left in the object or tissue by dental structure of an animal or human. So when we bite to a tissue when we bite to even when we taking a bite of an apple or a fruit will leave behind a teeth pattern. So that is that is nothing but bite marks. So in forensic odontology the same concept is applied when this teeth pattern is left behind in a crime scene or in other situations that pattern will be replicated in a cast or using a photographs or any other methods and it will be utilized for identification of the person or to prove a or to reach a conclusion. So what was the incident about and all the other details. So it is nothing but a physical alteration in a medium caused by the contact of teeth. So where we get this bite marks? So bites on human tissues may be observed in violent incidents where the attacker may bite the victim or the victim may bite the attacker during a defense response during the fight. In rape cases all these bite marks are very much vital to prove the case. So bite marks may be observed in wax from a so it can be replicated in wax and from a dental model indirectly from or photographs. So these two can be used to replicate and also a scanned image of dental model also can be used scanned image. So these bite marks may be observed in wax from a dental model and indirectly from a photograph or from a scanned image. So what are the types of bite marks? So forensic dentist use several different terminologies to describe the type of bite marks. The first one is abrasion, it is a scrape on the skin, artifact, it is when the piece of the body such as an ear lobe is removed with the effect of biting.  These are the terminologies which is used by forensic odontologist. And what are the characteristics of bite marks? So bite marks are like fingerprints to forensic odontologist. So teeth may be considered as tools leaving marks on skin, food, wax etc. So however there are often more characteristics involved in the analysis of bite marks. So there are class characteristics to be considered such as which type of tooth inflicted the bite. So we have various patterns of tooth incisors, premolars, canines, molars. So each group of teeth or each teeth leave a different type of mark on the object, on the fruit, on the surface or the tissue. So that difference can be analyzed using bite marks. So this biting surface of the individual groups of teeth are related to their function such as teeth that in size or that tear or grind. So each teeth has different different function. So from the pattern of this teeth we can understand more details using bite mark analysis. In addition also seen are individual characteristics such as if rotations, fractures, missing or extra teeth are present. We can identify the person with the help of this analysis and the size relationship of bite marks are as described by the dental arches could relate to a child or adult bite. So child pattern and adult pattern will be very different. So we can identify whether the bite was inflicted by the child or adult. And we can understand a human bite mark as an elliptical or circular in shape. It might be elliptical or circular and if it is U shaped it shows that the biter has opened the mouth to a width, open the mouth to a width. And the ability to open the mouth maximally may vary from individual to individual. So usually it is elliptical or circular and sometimes it is U shaped. So what are the factors that affect the accuracy of bite marks? So whatever marks we are collecting it may not be accurate because there are lots of factors which is affecting the accuracy. That is there is time dependent changes of the bite mark on living body. So if the bite was happened at morning time and we are taking the bite marks at the afternoon session or maybe two to three hours after or if the duration is prolonged the exact bite marks will not be replicated. So there will be time dependent changes and the effect where the bite mark was found and the area or the region where the bite mark is happening is also another factor. So some tissues will retain the marks properly and some tissues will not retain the marks. So where the bite was happening is also another factor which affect the accuracy. Then damage on soft tissues then there could be similarity in dentition among individual. Not like fingerprints the dentition pattern is not very precise and not very unique there can be similar dentition in many people. Other factors like poor photography. Photography is a big thing which affects the accuracy poor photography and the impression taking methods and measurement of dentition characteristics all affects the accuracy of bite marks. So how do we analyze this bite marks? So bite mark analysis is extremely complex procedure with many factors involved in forensic dentist ability to determine the identify of the perpetrator. So the movement of persons jaw and tongue when he or she bites contributes to the type of mark that is left and depending upon the location of the bite it is not typical to find bite marks where both the upper and lower teeth left clear impression sometimes just the upper teeth impression we get not the lower okay. So usually one or other is more visible sometimes upper will be more visible and lower will be more visible and if the victim is moving while being bitten the bite mark would look different from that inflicted on a still victim. So always this will be a violent incident it could be a rape it could be a fight between two people. So we cannot expect the object to be at a still position the object definitely would be moving so the bite marks would be a different pattern and if an investigator sees something on a victim that even resembles a bite the forensic dentist must be called immediately because this bite marks change significantly over time as I explained because if the victim is diseased the skin may slip as the body decays so causing the bite to move. So if the person is already dead so we need to call in the forensic orientologist immediately because as the body decays the changes in over the skin will remove the complete bite marks. The first step in analyzing the bite is to identify it as human not just humans even animals bite also is matter so animal teeth are very different from human teeth so they leave very different bite mark patterns. Next the bite is swabbed for DNA analysis so DNA analysis also very important we get DNA analysis with the help of this swab collection so because definitely there would be presence of saliva at the insured site so that we can collect for DNA analysis and forensic dentist then take measurement of each individual bite marks and record it and they also require many photographs because of the changing nature of the bites bruising can appear 4 hours after a bite and disappear after 36 hours okay after 36 hours this bruise will disappear so it appear only after 4 hours this bruising okay so bruising bruising appear only after 4 hours but it disappear after 36 hours so the bite photography must be conducted very precisely using rulers and other scales to accurately depict the orientation depth and size of the bite then the photos are then magnified enhanced and corrected for any distortions so finally bite marks on deceased victims are cut out of the skin in a morgue and preserved in a compound called formalin so from identification or collecting sample from the dead people so we need to cut the sample from the morgue and need to be preserved in formaldehyde okay so commonly known as formalin so forensic dentist then make a silicone cast of the bite marks so from it they make silicone cast silicone cast in addition there are several different types of impressions that can be left by teeth depending on the pressure applied by the biter such as a clear impression okay so a clear impression a clear impression means that there was significant pressure an obvious bite appears bite signifies a medium pressure okay this is medium pressure clear impression is significant bite okay then a noticeable impression okay noticeable means the biter used violent pressure to bite down okay violent pressure so we can make out all these violent pressure so clear impression obvious bite and noticeable bite all these can be identified by the photographs so finally to finally to conclude that is forensic relevance what is the relevance of this bite marks and forensic odontology so this bite mark evidence which can assist the justice system to answer crucial questions about the interaction between people at the scene of a crime so what was the interaction so it gives a very vital clue for the interaction between people at the crime scene interaction between people so what was the interaction and for individualization based on their unique dentition pattern we can identify the person if we have so many suspected persons we can identify the person by their dental unique pattern and it plays a very crucial role in solving cases such as rape cases and child abuse so these cases this bite marks are very much crucial and it describes the violence level of crime okay so violence level it describes the violence level so all this can be understood using bite marks by the forensic odontologist still it is in a very nascent state it is yet to be explored in very detail but there are many cases where the forensic odontologist played a crucial role like delhi nirbaya case where the forensic odontologist had the you know big impact in identifying the person so not all cases requires bite mark analysis but some crucial cases this can be a pivotal evidence so that's all about bite marks and forensic odontology so i'll come up with a new topic in oral pathology thank you


If you are new to the channel, I am Gold Panning at your new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube and today we are in the brand new 2024 Hyundai Sonata courtesy of Jack G. Mbalov Hyundai in York PA. For more information on their inventory, please feel free to check out the link in the description box below. So we are in this one today because there is a new look for 2024. It's been refreshed. So big changes on the interior actually as well. All wheel drive is now available finally for the Sonata. I love that. You do get America's best warranty being 5 years, 60,000 mile bumper to bumper, 10 years, 100,000 miles on the powertrain, and you also get 3 years or 36,000 miles of complimentary maintenance as well. So that's going to save you some money there. So ultimately in this video, we will be testing out and going over everything about this one from acceleration to braking, steering feel, ride quality, sound system exhaust clip, all that fun stuff. So having said all of that, what do you guys say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it and as always, let's start with pricing. As you can imagine, there are a few different trim levels for the 2024 Sonata. First one being the SEL, starting at $27,500, SEL with convenience or convenience package going for $30,550, and lastly the N-line going for $34,950. So that was all pricing for the front wheel drive configuration. You can add all wheel drive to the SEL trims only. If you wanted to do that, add $1,500 to either of those prices. But as you can imagine with those three different trim levels there, there are a couple different power plants for the Sonata as well. First power plant belonging to the SEL trim levels, that one is powered by a 2.5 liter direct injected 4-cylinder, putting out 191 horsepower at 6,100 RPM, 181 pound-feet of torque coming in at 4,000 RPM, that power being sent to front wheels or all wheels through an 8-speed automatic with paddle shifters, which you guys know we will be testing out here in a little bit, but 0-60 time coming in at approximately 7.8 seconds, with MPG numbers coming in at 25 in the city, 36 on the highway for the front wheel drive, 25 city, 34 then on the highway for the all-wheel drive, taking regular unlit fuel. But so then there is that N-line engine configuration and so for that one, it's definitely more powerful. 2.5 liter turbocharged 4-cylinder, 290 horsepower at 5,800 RPM, 311 pound-feet of torque coming in at 1,600 RPM, power being sent to front wheels only through an 8-speed dual-clutch with paddle shifters yet again, 0-60 time coming in at approximately 5 seconds flat for that one, with MPG numbers coming in at 23 in the city, 33 on the highway, but still taking regular unlit fuel, saving you money again. But before we do any kind of fun paddle shifter or acceleration test here in the Sonata, I wanted to mention to you guys the drive modes and say that drive mode button is located kind of just in front of I guess where your arm sits. I'm just going to put that way, but anyways, drive modes will include sport, my drive, and normal, adjusting things like the shift points, the throttle response, and the steering sensitivity. And so now that we've got all of that out of the way, what do you guys say? Let's go ahead and find a straightaway. Let's put the paddle shifters, an acceleration here to the test. Want to see how quickly the paddle shifters are going to react for us and let's see how quickly we can get this one here up to speed. Heck, let's do it right here. Rolling start. Go, baby. That's not bad. That is not bad, dude. Okay, obviously the end line is going to be a heck of a lot quicker, but in sport driving mode right there for our SEL trim level, that actually did a really good job at accelerating your 100% not going to have any issues in merging onto the highway. And really, I had a 2020 Sonata and that had the turbocharged, the 1.6 liter turbo charge engine that they have back in the day that they no longer have for the Sonata and it felt just like that. Like there's absolutely no issues emerging onto the highway in this thing. That was plenty, so I don't mind that, but anyways, to go along with that acceleration as always, braking is equally important. And so obviously the braking configuration is going to differ dependent upon the trim level that you go with. So for the SEL trims, you're going to get 12 inch ventilated front discs. For the end line, you're going to get 13.6 inch ventilated front discs. Then in the back, 11.2 inch solid rear discs for the SEL, 12.8 inch solid rear discs for the end line. As far as that 60 is easier, stopping distance goes is going to come in at 121 feet for the SEL and 110 feet for that end line trim level. So both of those numbers are plenty respectable, especially that end line. That's definitely a sports sedan number. 121 feet. That is right on par for the course. That's typically what you find in sedans. And as far as braking feel goes in my short little test drive here today, I have had no issues whatsoever. It does instantly bring you to a stop. So that is definitely on point.  As far as ride quality goes, it's probably the first thing I noticed when I got in this one. I don't remember it riding this smooth before. And I also just got out of the Hyundai venue and I could tell you it rides a thousand times better than that. You could feel a good bit of the road in that thing, but this thing is just luxury like compared to the venue. But I will say again, I don't remember riding this smooth in kind of before the refresh. I don't know if they did anything there or not, but this is an incredibly smooth ride in our SEL trim level. So no issues there as far as steering feel goes. It does greatly depend upon the drive mode that you put it in. So when you have it in that sport driving mode, it is a much heavier weight to the steering instantly pointing you in the direction that you want to go. Having said that, if you wanted the heavier steering feel without the instant acceleration, that's what the my drive mode is for. So you can definitely configure it that way. That's actually what I did. My son, I don't want to add it because I did love that heavier steering feel, but I didn't necessarily want the acceleration all the time because you get better MPGs without that sport driving mode obviously. So yeah, that's what I would personally put it in. I do love the steering feel in this thing. As far as cabin always goes, it's luxury like if I'm being honest.  So it is a very luxurious kind of serene cabin that we have here in the Sonata now. By the way, that does come standard for all trim levels, even the SEL. So that is pretty darn cool. But anyways, that touching on rear visibility, I can see 100% perfectly fine out the back because of the shape of the Sonata. You're definitely not going to have any issues there, but that pretty much rounds out the performance segment of this review, guys. Let's now go find a cool spot in the snow and let's check out the exterior of our brand new 2024 Hyundai Sonata. All right, so here she is, you guys, the new 2024 Hyundai Sonata refreshed. I think it looks good. Let me know what you guys think of the comments section below. But as always, let's go ahead and start with where this one is made. Taking a look at the VIN first character is the letter K indicating that the Hyundai Sonata is built and assembled in Korea, KDM. And by the way, the exterior color that we have on this one is called Ultimate Red in case anybody was curious. But as always, let's go ahead and start up front. Again, completely refreshed front fascia for 2024. More aggressive front fascia with the end line, of course, because we have the SEL, it's going to be a little less aggressive, but my opinion is still staying good in my opinion. So I don't know, but LED headlights with LED day time running lights do come standard. And of course they're completely different. You guys remember on the previous generation, it used to have like the headlights right here and it used to be like a fade out LED daytime running light right there, which I thought was a pretty cool look. But now the headlights are down below here, just like basically the SUVs that they have. So a little bit different of a look. The LED daytime running lights, of course, are running across the top there, just underneath the Hyundai logo found in the form of a light bar more or less. So that's what that looks like now. You do get the automatic feature, of course, you also get automatic high beams. And to the corners there, there are a little bit of front air curtains helping direct air around the wheels, higher combination. I do like the silver accents found on the front there too and all the little icicles found at the very bottom because it is a windshield of four degrees. So yeah, it's pretty cold. But anyways, that pretty much rounds out the front of this one. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the side. All right, so now since we are around to the side of this one, chrome windows surrounds do come standard. Chrome accents on the door handles are gone for 2024. They used to be in the previous generation, but a new added feature here is you do get a little bit of accent found on the front fenders there. You guys can see that. So don't remember that being there in the previous generation, but that's kind of cool. Endline badging on the front fender though, if you were to go with that specific trim level. Taking a look in the mirrors, they are body colored power adjustable side mirrors. They will be gloss black though with the endline and then heated gloss black side skirts, of course, in typical Sonata fashion there. Then taking a look down at the wheel, set up 17 inch alloys for the SEL, 18 inch alloys for the SEO with convenience and of course specific endline wheels for the endline, but that pretty much rounds out the side profile. Let's not go ahead and make our way to the back. All right, and so now since we are around to the back of this one, lots of changes for 2024. Gloss black shark fin antenna all the way to the top, but then there is kind of this gloss black rear spoiler going from side to side. That didn't used to be that way. They used to be body colored, so don't want to let you guys know that. LED tail lights though, they do come standard. So you got to love that. Again, in the form of a light bar to kind of tie in together with the front, but the interesting thing about this is all this design kind of in the background here, including the Hyundai logo, it's all kind of behind kind of like a sheet of plastic if you guys can see that. So I kind of like that because I'm feeling if you were to hand wash this one, that would be a lot easier to hand wash because there's nothing really to get in the crevices for the Hyundai logo or anything. Maybe I'm looking too much into it, but anyways, you do get the Sonata lettering spelled out horizontally back there. I think that looks good as well.  I wish they exposed that. It used to be exposed with satin chrome tips on the last generation. Now everyone's doing away with the exposed exhaust outlets, which do not look as go to my personal opinion, but anyways, end line then is going to give you dual exhaust outlets, but nonetheless, I do believe you guys know what we have to do next here. As always here is that exhaust clip. All right, so now since we are around to the back of the Sonata, when it comes to opening the trunk, there's a button on the key fob. There is a button by the driver's side left knee, but there is also a button on the trunk itself. It's a black button. Wish they would have left it inside the Hyundai logo. I guess they can't now because it's hidden behind plastic, but I love that way. That was a pretty cool way. But once it opened up, cargo capacity comes in at 16 cubic feet, even so a ton of space back there. Of course, if that was not enough space, there is a 6040 split. There are some levers back there to go ahead and fold down those rear seats. There's also cargo lighting back there, obviously. Then if you were to lift up underneath of that cargo floor, you will find a spare tire, which you got to love on the SEL, but for the end line, it's going to be a tire inflator kit. So a little bit different there. You guys know I love the spare tire though, but then making our way up to the rear legroom that comes in at 34.8 inches. For reference, I'm an even six feet tall. This is how much space I have back there. Rear center armrest with cup holders does come standard USB charging ports for both the SEL and the end line, but rear ventilation is only going to come on the end line, unfortunately. I wish they had the rear ventilation for the SEL. That was a big one for me, but anyways, then making our way up to the front seats, claw seating coming with the SEL. Eight-way power driver seat does come standard across the board. Heated front seats also coming standard across the board. I'm going to go ahead and turn those on now. Micro fiber inserts with the end logo for that end line trim level. So far seat comfort goes, that was one thing that I never really liked with the Sonata. These seats aren't really that comfortable if you compare it to a lot of the competition. So that is one thing I wish they did change with a lot of the other stuff they changed for 2024. It's just the seat comfort is just not there for whatever reason, but I don't know. But then take a look at the steering wheel. It is tilt and telescoping. It is going to be leather wrapped for the SEO with convenience and the end line. Otherwise it's going to be wrapped in urethane, but I do like the design to it. And in case you were curious, there's no longer the Hyundai logo found on the steering wheel. It's just going to be four little dots, which by the way is Morse code for the letter H. In case you were curious about that. But so then making our way to the startup, let me start by showing you guys the key here. It is a very cheap light feeling to the key unfortunately. I kind of like the old key better, but I do got to give them props for the design. You got this cool H Hyundai logo within the key itself, but Hyundai digital key coming with the SEL convenience trim level and up. I love that feature, but it is all keyless entry with a push button start. So all I'm going to do here is simply put my front of the break and press that engine start button located just by the driver's right knee. And so but then once started up, analog gauges will come on the SEL trim level. However, there is a 12.3 inch digital gauge cluster available with the SEL convenience, with the N line. And that is what you guys are looking at right now. And it looks stinking cold. Anyway, speedometers on your left, tachometers on your right and essentially everything else is going to be located in the middle of the screen there. Things like trip A, trip B, how many miles you have left until you hit empty. There's a bunch of stuff you can check out safety information. There's tire pressure information for each individual tire. The list goes on outside temperature and so on. So anyways, then making our way to overall interior quality, a panoramic sunroof coming on the SEL convenience trim level and up, LED interior lighting again for the SEL convenience auto dimming rear view mirror, SEL convenience trim level and up, wireless phone charger, SEL convenience trim level and up. Duals and climate control though does come standard for all trim levels, aluminum foot pedals for the end line, ambient lighting for the end line as well. But so all the way to the front you will find a little bit of rubberized storage. So I do like that. It's rubberized to put yourself in there. There is a USB charging port, also a 12 volt power outlet up there as well. If you simply press on that, that's pretty cool. Just behind all that you have a cell phone holder. You've got a couple cup holders. Within the center armrest there's actually decent amount of storage there. I do kind of like this texturized silver pattern that you have just above the passenger side glove box as well as just below the infotainment screen here. And in case anybody was curious where the shifter went it is actually kind of a stock coming out of the steering wheel here. You just turn it up for drive. You turn it down for reverse and you press it in for park. So that's how that's gonna work. That's different than the previous generation as well. So anyways, interior quality is perfectly fine. I don't have any issues with it. So let's go ahead and move on now to the infotainment screen. 12.3 inch color touchscreen display will come standard for all trim levels across the board and this is completely new by the way for 2024 without a doubt. Bluetooth and audio streaming coming standard Android Auto Apple CarPlay as well. SEL convenience trim level in the end line is gonna give you a factory navigation system. You can check out a voice memo system up there so you can record your voice and then play it back at a later date. That's pretty stinking cool. And then there's all kinds of different settings you can play around with up there as well of course but can of course also check out your radio information so when it comes to the sound systems there are two of them. Six speakers is gonna come on the SEL trim but then the end line is gonna give you a 12 speaker Bose sound system. So having said that, we do have the six speakers with us here today so let's go ahead and turn on the radio see what we got playing today and let's test out the clarity of this one. I know what it looks like I know how it feels it's hard to see Dang man, that bass was intense. Did not expect that. That is probably quite possibly my favorite sound system when it comes to six speakers at least. That is an incredible six speaker sound system. Like I said, clarity was really, really good. Bass was rumbling things a little bit not too much of course but I'm just saying there was a ton of bass there so that's a really good sound system for it only being six speakers. So no issues there whatsoever but last thing I wanted to mention to you guys on the entertainment screen at least is when you do put the Sonata in reverse you will find a review camera coming standard across the board. It's pretty high definition as well I don't mind that but that as always is going to lead us into safety. So first let me start by saying I-I-H-S top safety pick so that's a heck of a start there. Front side side current airbags do come standard you get a driver's knee airbag as well. In the back you're gonna have latch aka lower anchors that tempest your children for the rear car seats, rear child door locks, tire pressure monitoring system but also coming standard forward collision avoidance assist with pedestrian and cyclist detection adaptive cruise control with stop and go blind spot monitoring system with rear cross traffic alert safe exit warning link assist lane follow assist any driver attention monitoring system then as well. So overall when it comes to my final thoughts here of the new 2024 Sonata I do like the redesign I think it looks dang good especially up front so that is pretty cool the tech is great as well I wish I had rear ventilation for the rear passengers or remember my SEL plus trim level the 2020 had it so I'm not sure why they don't offer that on the non-enline trim levels anymore but I think the big win though for the 2024 Sonata is the all wheel drive availability because I critiqued that before for the Sonata because the Altima comes with it because the Camry comes with it so I really wanted the Sonata to have it and now it does it's available so I wish we had it today because there's a lot of snow out but anyways let me know what you guys think of the new Sonata in the comment section below that is about it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching feel free to follow me on social media and Facebook and all that fun stuff if you wanted to see different spy shots of what I'm doing before these videos actually get to YouTube be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're into new car reviews because that's what we do here in this channel after all do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video stay gold


Can an insurance company approach the DRT for recovery of money under the sub-guration? Insurance company, where does it come? Insurance company, where is the question of the insurance company making claim under SARFASI? Because SARFASI can be invoked only by a financial institution or an agent such as a reconstruction company. No one else will be able to come. The latest which was Pandurang, the Supreme Court has considered, this is the judgment of a five-member bench, I think Justice Arun Kumar has written the judgment, which was pronounced on 25, that is how many days back, a few days back, 25 or have we not come to 25 at all? Today is 14 five, is probably I'm making a mistake with some 10, 5, 10, 24 probably, where he has said cooperative banks are also financial institutions. I don't see therefore an insurance company approaching DRT or invoking SARFASI, it's not possible.


This is part two of lecture one and this part we're going to be talking about. What is social psychology? But before I go to definitions, let me start by asking you a question What are according to you the biggest problems that modern society are facing? So if you just take a moment for yourself to think about this What is really something that disturbs you something that you worry about if you think about the society or the world that we live in? well, one thing that will probably come to mind is The worlds and the state of nature in the worlds of course climate change is a very big problem that we're all Facing with and we we realize every summer while it gets hotter That's this is something that's that's gonna change our lives and it already did change our lives And it's gonna be something that will become a reality even more so over the upcoming years so a Question that you might be having when it comes to climate change is why do we behave in ways? That are actually damaging to us in the long run. Why is it so hard for people to for example? Show behavior that they know is better for the worlds taking shorter showers Taking the bike instead of going by car all these tiny behaviors that will eventually make a difference in Making an impact on the world, but it's really hard for people to behave in ways that is good in the long term We are very short-minded We think about what is nice for us right now, and it's really hard to sort of transform our behavior to show Behavior that is good in the long run not only for us But also for the world that we live in and social psychology can help us understand these behaviors can help us understand Why climate change has gone so far and if we're in the first place and also it can help us? Answer a question that is on the mind of politicians for a long time How can we stop this and is there a way of? changing people's behavior the short answer is yes, there is there are certain ways certain Strategies that we can use to impact people's behavior and we'll be discussing them throughout this course Let's now move on to another problem something very different, but definitely not more urgent or important That is the way we treat each other How is it? Why is it that people get treated differently based on their appearance? This is an ancient old question We treat people differently when they look different from us and this leads to very negative intersocial situations and very negative behaviors such as stereotyping Discrimination and sometimes it goes even so far that lives are on the line like what happened here in the United States Another question something that has been very relevant for us in the last couple of years is why is it so hard for people to? Follow rules that are essential for human health If you're dealing with a pandemic in which it's very clear what we need to do to sort of tackle this and make sure that we Stay safe People find it very hard to change their habits to change the way they behave on a day-to-day Basis to keep distance from people that they love that's really really difficult Why is that the case? Why is it so hard to follow very basic rules rules that make a lot of sense if you know what's going on Then a final topic that you might be thinking about when you talk about and you think about deep problems in society is The discussion surrounding safety when it comes to interpersonal situations like the Me Too movement in the Me Too movement It became very clear that there's some deep-rooted sexism in behaviors often between People in power often men in power and people that do not have power and it's very hard for victims in these situations to speak up and There's many examples of this for example also here in the Netherlands. There was a lot of Bad media press outlets on situations on a very popular TV show called the voice of Holland International format that's also a broadcast is here in the Netherlands Where people in power? judges of the program coaches of the program actually got involved in in me too behaviors and Finally victims spoke up they talked about what they went through but it was very hard and it was hidden for years So why is that why is it so hard for victims to speak up? So all these different very complicated issues We can understand them just a little bit better if we understand human behavior So this is if you think about what's going on in the world around us and things that that might be upsetting to you When you read the newspaper, but also in your own life. You probably also had some situations that really impacted you maybe situations that resemble the Problems that we discussed before something that had to do with power abuse or a discrimination But it might also be something really different Maybe in the past or maybe still you experience situations in which you feel bullied or excluded by other people Why does it feel so bad to be excluded by people? Especially when you're part of a certain group and all of a sudden you're not part of that group anymore You're ignored and people talk bad about you or they laugh in your face or behind your back even That's really hurtful. It can't really be a traumatizing experience Why is that even if it's not? Physical you're not physically assaulted. It's just something psychological, but why does it feel so bad to be excluded? Something that's more on the positive side and of course the special interest in me a question That also researchers has been have been studying for for decades is why do we fall in love? This is of course very different from the other topics But falling in love and forming relationships is also very impactful in your life and The way you are treated in an interpersonal relationship, especially in a romantic relationship will also leave its mark So if you had a good partner, this this is great for developing healthy relationships Even further even besides that that one partner and if you get treated badly This also leaves its mark and it makes you makes it harder for you to trust people So why do we fall in love and how do relationship? Impacts us and our personality and the relationships will form in the future so all these questions are just for you to get a sense of how Psychology social psychology matters because if you have insight into social psychology You will have insight into answering this this very deep and complicated questions So let me now go to some definitions First of all, let me start with it the definition of psychology the study that you're all studying So psychology that's no surprise to you That's a scientific study of the mind and with mind I mean thoughts and feelings and the behavior of people and that's very broad of course social psychology sort of focuses on a specific aspect of psychology and that is that in social psychology Psychology you zoom into the way in which people's thoughts and feelings and behaviors are impacted by others so other people around us Influence our minds and our behavior So this happens for example when you're together with the group of friends Maybe you're studying or you're just catching up all these people Impact you so the personalities of each of these individuals in the group impact how you behave Their behavior is gonna impact how you behave if everybody's very loud and talking a lot and and being extroverted you can either Be a show Behavior that is the same and you feel like you're imitating the behavior of the group or you maybe even behave completely different because you want to shy away and you feel sort of intimidated by the group Nevertheless, even if you're imitating the others or you're showing behavior. That's different They are impacting your behavior So the group that you're in the people that are around you in your near presence. They impact your behavior But not only the people that are actually there also people that are not actually there that are in your mind They also impact you so for example Maybe this guy on the very right is all of a sudden realizing that it's actually his mother's birthday today so he's thinking about his mother while he's being in that group and Thinking about her will also Consequently impact his behavior so people do not have to be physically present to impact your behavior So people are influenced by both the real presence of others This is what we as social psychologists refer to as the explicit presence of other Others and also the imagined presence of others. So that's the implicit Presence of others and One of the core Themes within social psychology is social influence and that is the way the effect That's basically all the behavior of other people the words the actions the mere presence of other people Have on our own thoughts feelings and behavior So how are people impacting us and we'll have plenty of examples throughout this course of the way that we Impacted by other people So if you want to study the mind if you want to understand humans better and then you can take different approaches So clinical psychology and personality psychology for for these psychologists the level of analysis is the individual They are interested in for example individual differences between personality that sets one person aside from the other For social psychologists the level of analysis is the individual in the context of a social situation So we never focus on an individual on its own like it's it's like it's in a bubble We also don't think that makes a lot of sense because humans are group animals. We always Have others in our surroundings and even if we're not physically with others They are impacting us through their implicit presence. So the individual in the social context that's the field of social psychology and What social psychologists try to do is to get a sense of the individual's Construal of a social situation and with construal. I mean how do humans? Perceive and comprehend and interpret their social worlds. What type of constructs do they use? How do they make sense of the social worlds that they are living in and This will be a returning topic in many of the upcoming lectures