So, I welcome Mr. Divesh Varia for the session on the industrial perspective of open form. So, Divesh has completed his graduation in mechanical engineering from Gujarat Technological University. He has a work experience in domains like CAD and CAE. He also worked at FOSI as a FOSI summer fellow full-time research assistant and as an assistant project manager. He's a member of the technical committee of open form and has developed video tutorials on platforms like spoken tutorial project and YouTube, which is accessible to everyone at free of cost. And currently he's working on development of technology for the solar silicon manufacturing at Adani solar. So, welcome, welcome, Divesh. We're happy to have you here. Thank you. Thank you very much. These three days I talk a lot mainly with this hands-on session. So, spoken tutorial was designed that way in a way that will let you explore things and you do, when you do things on your own, you learn a lot, right? So, okay, so, you know, I'll just start my presentation. So, myself, Divesh, I work at Adani solar. And here we are doing a lot of simulations. We design a lot of things. We run simulations. We redesign things. And that's how we are trying to, you know, explore the technologies for technologies in making the solar panel that you see on the rooftop. So, before, you know, coming onto the solar part, I would like to explain a couple of other things. For example, so, this is our open form committee, where we are trying to develop documentation tutorials. So, some of the tutorials are there on a spoken tutorials website. Then there are tutorials available on YouTube platform. And you can also visit this website called picty.openform.com. You'll also find a lot of PDFs and some explanation on how you can go with the, how you can learn open form from step by step. Okay, so, first thing that you would like to know is, why should I go into the domain like design and simulations in general? So, and especially when you see the numbers of R&D spending throughout the world, right? So, India spending just 0.7% of the GDP on R&D, wherein if you look at Europe, China, USA, all these countries are spending more than 2% of the GDP. So, there's always challenge when you'll go outside the academia and then you'll say that, okay, I want to do some CFP work for your company. So, in that case, there will be a question like why should I go into the CFP? Why should I do the CFP? Or let's say any simulation, FEA? Or why should I design things? There are already a lot of designs available in the market. I just pick somebody's design, I manufacture things and then I'll start the production manufacturing. Okay. So, there's always challenge. So, first thing that you would want to do is, you want to be very clear on why you should go into this sort of domain. So, first thing is like design and simulation plays major role in research and development. So, if you'll see European companies, American companies or Chinese companies, they keep on developing things. There are already things available in the market, but that's where not, you know, world stops. We keep on developing, that's the nature that a world is following. Those who are spending major majority of their part, they are the leaders, the market leaders. So, that's where the role of design and simulation comes in the picture. So, when we say simulation, what do we do? We understand the physics, we understand the chemistry and then we use mathematics. The mathematics that is there behind the, these codes, these softwares. So, that is actually doing all these works. So, that is in the backend. What we do is, you know, we just click on a couple of things and then it generates the results. First thing is like, when you see new technologies, for example, this solar technology, there are this renewable energy, for example, green hydrogen. So, as I was saying, the new technologies. So, when you see new technologies, when you are working with new technologies, it's always a black box if you don't go into the details or basics or fundamentals of those new technologies.  So, at that time, you are always, you know, in the in the fear factor, you're living in the fear factor, okay, I'll damage my equipment. There could be some safety issues. If I'll go with some different operating condition, and still you want to try to, you know, use those optimum operating condition, and you want to run your manufacturing plant in the best way possible, right? And not just about new technologies. If you are, if we look at the existing technologies, there are always a scope of improvement with this existing technologies. So, we always want to, you know, improvise whatever we have. If you just look at the design of the pump, there are a lot of designs available. And still there are companies who are spending a lot of money on the R&D, because they want to improvise as per the customer need or their need. And that's how, you know, that's where we do simulations. We figure out, we change some design parameters, and then we figure out that, okay, with this design, we will get the optimum output. And that's where we see how we can become a market leader. So, if you look at any company, any European company, USC company, who is spending good amount of money on their R&D, they are always, you know, thinking three, four, five steps ahead of the market. And they introduce things to the market. And that's how they, they stays the market leader. Now, this says, if I ask, what are the technologies that you hear in the manufacturing, especially, if we don't look into the IT sector, where in, you know, these days, AIML is leading. These technologies are electrical vehicles and renewable energies. You'll see everywhere that, you know, new, these electrical vehicles are coming in, people are trying to figure out and optimize things they want to do. They are trying to build a charging station. They are trying to do a lot in this sector, as well as in the renewable energies and green hydrogen. So wind is something that was there. But in the field of solar and green energy, you will see a lot of new, so here I built that entire, this thing during our schools and in your colleges, that there is this solar manufacturing chain, how we make, how we convert the quarts and the silicon that is there on the surface of the earth, how we convert the module. So I'll just walk you through this. At Adani Solar, actually we are trying to, we are the first, one of the first Indian company, who are trying to establish this entire solar manufacturing chain through backward integration of technologies. So right now, if we just look at the manufacturing, the solar silicon manufacturing chain, we start with the quartzite. So we know that the quartzite that is there on the surface of the earth, we mine it. But the problem with the quartz is that it has SiO2, chemical property, right, silicon dioxide. And we need to extract that particular from silicon dioxide to silicon. So that is the first part. So for that, you know, we use the submerge apparatus, I'll come to this later. But we first extract that silicon, we remove the oxygen from the quartzite, later we use that silicon metal as raw material, and then we purify it. So here when we extract the silicon, there are a lot of impurities. And we know that to make the silicon a good semiconductor, we need to remove impurities, like generally, the priority of this sort of silicon is 6N. We call it one PPM of impurities should be there, should be less than that. And of that level, we try to purify the silicon. Later, we take that particular silicon as a raw material. It's a polycrystalline silicon. So either we can make a solar cell using that polycrystalline silicon, but that technology is quite outdated. And now the world is moving into the single crystal silicon. So once again, we take that polycrystalline silicon, the best 20 of silicon, we again, you know, go through a purification process. And we make it as a single crystal silicon. I'll show a couple of images as well at the end. What is this single crystal silicon? Then we take that single crystal silicon, it's like a big rod with some diameter and with some length. Later, we slice it, make it a wafer. And you see on the solar panel, there are the square blue boxes, right? Blue wafers are there. So we use that wafer and we make it a cell. So there are a lot of, on the surface of the cells, we need to add some material, for example, and type and P type doping you may have heard. So for that, we need to add boron, phosphorus, this sort of chemicals. And later we, using these cells, we place it on a PV module. We make some connections using those silver wires. And that's where it becomes, you know, ready to provide the power from the solar rays or photons that impact or inject on the surface of this panel. So that is basically how, you know, the journey starts of the silicon from quartzite being as a SiO2 to generate the power from PV module. So here, this was just an introduction of the solar silicon manufacturing chain. From now on, I'll explain what are the things that you can do or you can offer. So instead of going into the physics, I would like you to see it as a problem identification process. So when you go into the industry, what kind of problem that is already there that you can solve or you can offer to the companies. And that's where, you know, the first step starts, all the other things, simulation, designing, and then offering some solutions are the latest steps. But here, the first thing that you need to do is identify the problem. Right? So first thing is making a metallurgical grade silicon. So here, wherever, you know, if there is any question, just unmute and you can ask. There's no issue with that. So metallurgical grade silicon, the manufacturing of this silicon, metallurgical grade silicon is through submerge arc furnace. So there is a furnace, if there is anybody from a metallurgical department background, they must know about this terminology, submerge arc furnace. So what is submerge arc furnace? Basically, you see it as like, there is a shell. And inside that shell, there are three electrodes, and we pass some energy, electrical energy through those electrode, and that electrode will convert that particular electrical energy into a thermal energy. So here you can see on the right hand side, this, this two rods you can see, they are the electrodes. And from here, slowly, those, the electrical energy will start generating this temperature difference, there will be this arc, and slowly, slowly temperature will rise. And the, the quartzite that is there around the electrode that will react with the carbon. Carbon is also one raw material. It could be in the form of coal or charcoal or food chips, it could be anything. So the SiO2 in the quartzite will react with the carbon and as a metal, and this carbon dioxide will escape from this the furnace and after some purification processes, we release it into the air. So that is overall how meturgical grade silicon is produced. So here you can see on the right hand side, this, this temperature profiles slowly starts increasing, and here a sort of melt pool will generate. So this kind of simulation we can do, and we can check if I'm supplying, let's say, if, if my transformer capacity is, let's say 24 megawatt, then I don't want to use this furnace for, with full power or full capacity, because my later on whatever equipments are there are like some, some, some of the equipments are under the maintenance or let's say something happened and because of that those are in the maintenance. So I want to reduce the power and don't want to use with this full capacity. So here I'll check, I'll give some different electrical source for example, reduce the power and that will slowly decrease the entire process will slow down and this melting thing will also slow down and that's how we see the output will be lesser. So that is one thing that we can do. So here if you break down the problem there are chemical reactions that you can add, the entire bed that is there, this entire shell, it's a porous media sort of problem because wadzite and pole and group chips, if you put everything together it will become a porous media. Then a joule heating problem, how much voltage you are providing and what temperature it is. So basically after this metallurgical grade silicon, what we do is we purify it, we make it so pure that the impurity is 0.0001% in the silicon. So there are a lot of this chemical processes, it's like a huge chemical plant varying, there are fluidized bed directors, there are columns, there are a lot of things and at the end a special equipment is that that is called Siemens reactor that's where this chemical vapor deposition happens. So here you can see this is how this Siemens reactor will look like. This rod you can see u-tube type rod, these are the acid silicon. So when we'll pass through some silicon with that metallurgical silicon through the bottom of this reactor, it will react with some gases and silicon will again start depositing on the surface of this acid crystals and the impurities will react with gases and that will come out of this Siemens reactor. Other than that here the main physics is maintaining the temperature. The temperature should be very uniform throughout the process. If the temperature is not uniform on this acid crystal then it will form a popcorn sort of structure. So you'll see some bubbles formed inside the on top of this acid crystal and the problem with those popcorn structure is that some impurities can you know trap into that bubble and that will stay forever inside those bubbles. So that's what not we want and other than that is you know this process is very costly process because it requires enormous amount of energy as well as it's very time-consuming process. So you are running your reactor for 8 to 10 days and you are spending a lot of energy on this and the end result is not that good that's the best of your money as well as your energy. So that's how we basically create a polycrystalline silicon. Then there is this single crystal silicon. So here you can see this is some reactor something let me just play the video so it will give you the catch. So basically this is the reactor and you can see slowly from this melt this crystal single crystal will come out and this entire process is happening in a furnace. So it's not a fixed furnace the furnace outside and this crucible you can see here they are rotating. So if the furnace is rotating on the clockwise direction the inside of this crystal this crucible is rotating counterclockwise direction and solidification happening then some heat transfer happening radiation happening again to capture the impurity on the surface of this crucible. We add electromagnetic force from side so your metal impurities other metal impurities are not sticking with this single crystal structure. So this is also again a very like three four days it will take three four days to come out a big crystal with the diameter that you want. So here again the concept of conjugate heat transfer radiation electromagnetism melting solidification all these things are there. So actually you can either you'll have to spend a lot of money on different software different code or you can do it in open form. So that is a biggest advantage with open form that you can implement all this physics there without spending any money on software. Other than that after taking this silicon ingot we need to make it a cell. So here you can see some gases are passing by over the surface of this silicon, silicon wafers or cells and we deposit phosphorus for one sort of thing and then there are some other layers and that's how it becomes a cell solar cell. So here again uniform deposition of this the dopants that you are depositing that is something very crucial here. Again after depositing that there is this diffusion that you diffuse that let's say force for us so you need to diffuse that on the surface of the silicon. There are some other things for example PE, CVD, plasma enhance chemical vapor deposition all these processes are there in the making this your solar panel best efficient. After making this PV module you want to make sure that whatever solar radiation is exerting on the surface of this solar panel is how much of power it is generating as well as the wind load whether this panel structure is strong enough to sustain in the condition where you are putting it. So this wind load is something which is very important. So these sort of simulations we could do using open form. Other than that I would like to just conclude my presentation with this great news that we at Adani Solar have unveiled India's first biggest silicon ingot. So you can see the ingot that I was talking about a single crystal silicon so it looks something like this and later you cut the excess part. So basically this is that ingot that we just unveiled. It's India's first biggest silicon ingot. You can see this is basically the purest silicon metal that we can use for cell manufacturing. First what we do is we take this ingot or say a single crystal and silicon we slice the top part side part make it a square and then after making it go through some processes of doping it will become it is ready to generate the power when we exert a solar load or photons on the surface of the silicon. So here on this with this message I would like to conclude my talk. If there are any questions I think I'm not able to see all the questions so even from my previous talk if there was any question if you guys have any other question right now you can unmute I would be happy to answer. I think there are no questions. Yes I also think so. Yeah if anybody has any questions later on they can also ping me on.


It's called Birthday Money. Man, they hustling too slow. I had to speed up the pace. And I don't. Appreciate that. Let's talk about the process and what even made you put that out. Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101. You got a song you just put out two weeks ago. Appreciate that. It's called Birthday Money. Man, they hustling too slow. I had to speed up the pace. And I don't. Appreciate that. Let's talk about the process and what even made you put that out. I really don't have no process, bro. I just really just go rap. It was a process, Rizzo, Rizzo.  You had to do a song. You had to work with different people. The video person, the producer. All this stuff is something to talk about. People need to know your process. Just trying to do what y'all doing. Then give it up. That's Boss Talk, that's Boss Talk.  I'm feeling it. But that's real, though. Good job to help people. That's what Boss Talk was about, man. I'm keeping real with y'all, bro. This, this, since he wanted to give it like that, I got a manager. My manager did all that. That's it? That's it. As a artist now, bro, cause I came from doing everything myself. I really came from. That's a lot of respect. I'm independent on God. So now I'm my 23. All I want to focus on is doing music and trying to find venues of making more money and doing more movies.     But I'm, cause I came from really doing everything myself and it was a stress factor for me, bro. Like really stressing the guy when you're trying to do everything yourself and you don't see, you don't see, you don't see a groin to what you feel like is a groin cause you realized and paid to do this. Man, I gotta drop it this day. This and this and this and this.  You say you do everything yourself but you have a team as well that does different things for you. No, shout out to Greg. Before I had Greg, it was just me and my partner, Greg. Everything came off my head of me being the nigga who I am or what can I do today? What can I do today to do the things? You have a manager. Now I have one. Oh, you haven't had one for a long. I'm giving, I'm saying Greg because that was the only other person that was helping me do this.  That's why I'm big on it. I, females, I rather do business with females than the niggas.  So, with that being said, I seen, after I seen it, I seen it like Walo say something like that by how he got home from jail and he linked up with nothing but females to help him. Even like Babyface Ray, he did an interview and said, nothing but females is in his circle with running his personal business. You know what I'm saying?  You get told no, you're not going for no.  Like I'm finna try. I know y'all had certain situations where you feel me? You had to go in there and actually get it done. You know what I'm saying? That's what he got you for. Don't stop me.      Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jasperjasecasebrakes.com. We just sold out a Jasper's 13 box last dance mixer that has a complete full set of 86 87 FLIR with a Jordan PSA 8 giveaway as you see here on your Item description photo as you can see Nick above me is already starting to mix that rip open that mixer To get a little head start and again all teams in 30 spots Everybody gets a random team the NBA and then at the end of the break randomize all 30 customers in the break and number one Gets the complete set that includes the PSA 8 Jordan and the Jordan rookie sticker Which the last PSA 8 went alone for over $6,000 So this is a full set all cards are X mint and non mint or NM mint And again chase huge riggies in this mixer besides winning that set from here from Prism mega box all the way down a clear vision 1516 so good luck Let's roll it And we got a two and a three So from Daniel down to Josh X line and again if you have a little CP or MB We knew you won those and sell a packs or mega boxes So there you go. Good luck Three times one two and three Joey Down a zap all right three times now on the teams one two three three times Spurs down the box Joey of the spurs Jeff with the pelicans Brian with the tea wolves Jonathan with the Clippers Mike You have the Bulls Nathaniel with the Celtics followed you to the Nets Thomas are with the 76 is Derek V with the Lakers one that an MP and MB for Daniel of the Kings ace with the Wizards Elvis with the Knicks Daniel with the trailblazers Ryan with the Rockets Larry with the Thunder Ace you have the Hawks Larry with the Pacers Ryan with the Hornets Marvin you have the Cavs Marty with the Suns Daniel with the Dallas Mavericks Ryan with the Utah Jazz X line you have the Heat Castle you have the Pistons Joey with the Warriors Ryan you have the Magic Ryan Bartow with the Nuggets Nathaniel with the Raptors Ryan you have the Memphis Grizzlies and Zach with the Bucks Alvitize it and if anybody wants to trade Here you go. Brian says to wheels for trade. No more trade activity. No more trade talking that I'm gonna close it I don't say anybody wanted a chat. So Let's just close the trade window then All right, here you go Ryan with the Rockets last spot mojo all right guys There you go. We'll say this is some hoops 1819 hoops. All right Devontae Graham Carthage in town tip off Jamon Green All right, that won't be for a little bit Ryan, but we'll do that after the mixer Do you specter three? I didn't do three, but I do four, but I don't not do three Gary Trent, Jr. Hot Signature rookies we got next Luka Donchich Marcus Morse we got next Trey young Michael Porter, Jr. Donchich Shrookie Oscar Robinson You There you go, expecting another auto hot signatures Alvan Adams being Suns and at a 99 Dirk next one here this is Crusade Scalibur Devin Booker for the Suns to 149 and we got Yogi if it whatever it says in the item description Jeff Ben Simmons I believe that's a rookie 1617 Jo Kim know for an artist Gilmore for the bulls corn drive chick Ben Simmons rookie ice packs seven out of ten for the 76ers Thomas are that one what oh yeah that's right I heard about that Oscar hot it was like what he died and we got a George's name apprentice Jersey auto for the Indiana Pacers Larry John wall run the gauntlet Bertie Jackson to 199 I say a whitehead Jim on green we'll chamber them and Damon Stottemar to 149 Toronto Raptors Daniel down one Devin Booker Milstapp Valentunas to 99 Kevin Durant Chris Dunn Yannis John Havlishev Ricky Rubio that it's most likely no veteran base cards Jeff there's one box here guys there's three boxes right here guys so this was a totally certified 2012-13 on a Genoble the 299 Pajas Toyakovich a nice patch and that's New Orleans Hornets meaning that still goes to the Pelicans that's out of 49 Chandler Parsons and Javel McGee nuggets Montella or the Kobe packs would be going to the Lakers Jared Cunningham JJ Reddick to 99 Carl Lowry and rookie Rojo Kevin Murphy Utah Jazz Turquilu and Chris Joseph Boston Celtic server Booker and Kenneth Fareed rookie roll call at a 75 this ball our next one is Hoops this time 1920 which has been pretty good I've been doing a lot of these parcels pretty nice ones popping out of here Kyrie Irving spark plugs and Grant Williams is your rookie ink Boston Celtics went in a fan you know James Harden and an Anthony Davis these high voltages guys actually sell really really well LeBron James ones I've heard from correctly some dudes saying they're a little over a hundred bucks ungraded they sell pretty well goga number 2199 it's a rookie there for the Pacers Psycube zero gravity turns Ross Kyrie Irving Zion little tip off and we'll go left or right for all those ones that come out in the mixer left right something like this one left or right RJ, Siakum, Kobe White, John Morant, DeMar DeRose in high voltage, Antonio Blakene, Chris Paul, John Morant. Alright, this must be, I believe, Prism, maybe, Mega Box? Let's see the little cracked ice purples. Yeah, so we'll save these ones. Mega Box is first. Prism Holiday, Jacob Evans, Magic Johnson, Silver, Jalen Brown, Chandler Hutchinson, Jalen Brunson Recky, Mo Bamba, Jaleeve Marvin Bagley. Alright, good luck, Siakum, Marvin Williams, Taj Gibson, Reggie Miller, John Stockman, Donovan Mitchell, Evan Turner, Jalen Brunson, little C's right there, Dallas Mavericks, Dinwiddie, Dela Dova. So I'm going to grab them from right here, guys, here's one box, here's another, here's them. I'll just go with the 1920 looks like, either Prism Blaster or, what this would be, Kevin Garnett, Terrazio Jackson Hayes, JJ Oretik, Paul Gasol, Nasir Little, Goga Green, Dominant Steph Curry, John Wall. Innovation, Lance Stevenson to 199, Steph Curry, Juggernauts, we got for the Bucks, Nate Walters, man, this was a yonest, I would have been crazy, it's 299, D Brown, Celtics to 199, Lamarcus Aldrich Relic, Blazers Edition, and we got Evan Turner, that's a cool looking card. Alright, let's go with this one here, Clear Vision, Stragic, Steph Curry, ooh nice LeBron James, 37 out of 149 calves, we got a rookie here, RJ Hunter, a Clear Vision of Jaleel Okofar rookie. Alright, let's go with the optic, I'm assuming this may be, this is optic fast break, James Johnson to 155, Donovan Mitchell, Raider Rookie, Utah Jazz with that one, Frank Mason, Annie Markels-Voltz, 76ers, Raider Rookie Disco, Bama DeBio, Scotty Pimpin, Jeremy Lam, Switchfield thinking Yonest, I know Otto, yeah, Ennis Cantor to 85, Leroy Nance Jr., and it's Jared Allen, Raider Rookie Disco Otto, Brooklyn Nets, Nikolai Jokovic, Nets with that one fouled. Alright, next box, Morse 1718, and we got signature series Royce O'Neill, Utah Jazz with that one, Rookie Kings, TJ Leaf to 85, Michael K. Giltress, this must be retail, Keele O'Neill, Core Kings, LeBron James, Cavs Edition, Donovan Mitchell rookie, Terence Ferguson Hollow, Anthony Davis, Core Kings, alright guys just a couple more boxes, I believe the Threads premium is remaining still, Core Kings 1617 is still there, and I'm thinking, so here's Core Kings, here's the Threads, here's this, which I believe is 1819, oh, 1920, must be a blaster, yeah, Optic Blaster 1920, so we can save these two to be the last one to go with Core Kings, Nicholas Batum, Christoph Porzingis, Pascal Siakam, that's a Rookie, Keras Leverts, Kevin Love to 175, John Wall Maestroce, Relic Marcine Gortat to 249, Thon Maker is the autograph, Fresh Paint, alright the oversize, which could be autographed as well, looks like it's a Jimmy Butler non-autograph, but there you go, let's go with the Optic Blaster and we'll leave Threads to be last, LeBron James Cavs, Wiggins, Jackson Hayes Rookie, and we got an autograph and it's Kendrick Nunn, very nice, Miami Heat, going to Exxon, the no-name rookie, but it does have an autograph, splash down the shoulder, alright and let's send it off with Threads, guys good luck, all these cards are numbered and won't be penny sleeved on top of it, Zach Levine, Lou Williams, Andre Drummond, Devin Booker, Chris Paul, Kyrie Irving, and we got Del Curry, autograph to 100, Charlotte Hornets, Me Too, 1095, Yondre Rookie, Jacob Evans, Swingman, Siege of McCullum, James Harden, another Siege of McCullum, and Lamarca's Aldress to 199, this is the giveaway right here guys, the complete set, as you guys can see, it's all going to be here, and again the only thing that I remember is graded is going to be the Jordan, so just to show you guys, so again the complete set's all in here, so you're going to get the whole complete set, and again here's the Jordan sticker, and then here is the 86 FLIR Jordan PS8-8, good luck guys, this is awesome, alright guys, so again here's the customer names, let's grab the original list, and again at the end of this break, round of my, sorry the customer names, top name will win the full complete set of the 86-87 FLIR, including a PS8-8 Jordan, with a Jordan sticker, and there's a value of just the Jordan itself, pretty solid, so good luck, roll it guys, and we got a three and a two, five times, five times, good luck, one, two, three, four, and fifth and final time, I'm going to look, five times, wow there you go Mike, Mike McCarthy, and you also had the bulls, it was meant to be, there you go, after five times, three and a two, five times, Mike, you're at number one, congratulations, you just won the complete set, including that Jordan PS8-8, Jasperyskatesbricks.com, whew.


When you started this three years ago, it was kind of a spur-of-the-moment thing. Would you talk about the initial idea, how it's progressed, and what it's become? Well, as you said, the idea was kind of spontaneous. We were excited to have a new program of biologics here at the Institute, and having Johnny here and Dr. Eward, we all know that he's a great scientist, but also he's very charismatic, and has a great relationship with different scientists across the country. So we just talked about it, and we said, well, let's invite our great minds and veil, great place to be, and let's have an exchange of ideas, because when you do bench research, multiple minds are certainly better than one, and we felt that having the catalyst of having Johnny being here, having the momentum was great to get it started. So we started small. Actually, it was not that small. We had only a couple of weeks to get ready, but it was a big success. I don't know how we pulled it off, but we did. And then it evolved. I'm amazed. I just got back from one of the sessions with Dr. Stoop, Dr. Murphy, and others, and I'm just amazed of the exchange of ideas that is upending right now. And it's a good camaraderie. It's a great camaraderie out there, and the topics are exciting, aging, stem cell, CRISPR technology, PRP. And I think for us as clinicians, having these great minds here in the veil for a few days is just an amazing resource, and it's very stimulating. And I think it's vice versa. These scientists are excited to come here to interact with us clinicians who treat the patient on a daily basis. So it's really evolving to a great conference, a work-class conference really here in our town. What did you get out of it this year? What are you more knowledgeable about or more inspired about from the last three days? Well, I should say, what did I get out of it? Because I got so much out of this. I just came back at lunchtime. I had a great exchange with scientists from Wisconsin, from Mayo, from Northwestern. And, you know, now I'm very optimistic about new avenues to treat my patient that are validated at the bench level and proven in the small animal model, large animal model. And now I'm very excited because pretty soon I'll have these applications available to me to treat my patient for courage defect, muscle injury, and have better outcome for our patients. So just over the past three years, I've seen the evolution. I was talking earlier about lasartan, which is a cardiac med. Now we, since the first conference, we've had immense progress. And I'm excited. I just got some data about a study we just completed with Dr. Eward. And now I have Sam Stude at Northwestern who's interested. And I have Dr. Murphy, Dr. Markell. I mean, it's amazing. I mean, to me, as a clinician, it's kind of a dream. I'm pinching myself. I think the future is bright. And most importantly, I think this collaboration and, again, the centerpiece is the patients, you guys. That's the centerpiece of all this because we want to treat better our patients. Not only the elite athletes, but the 80-year-old person who wants to keep snowshoeing up the mountain. And what's exciting is we have concrete research that I can see in our lifetime. Your lifetime, my lifetime will have better solution to common problems. And it's going to help us keep these patients, all of us active. So it's very exciting. And I'm not talking about centuries from now. I'm talking a few years from now. I think we'll have, and a lot of this will have come out of these exchange of ideas that we've been having here over the past three years. And this is not finishing after the conference because after the conference, the presenter, the scientists will keep collaborating. And that's what's amazing about this. So it's a good way of getting great minds together, exchanging the ideas, finding ways to have a faster path to a good result and great result in validation. And at the end, we're all going to benefit from it. The community here in Vail, but everybody in the U.S. in the world ultimately will benefit from this. So it's pretty exciting.


Proudly, we hail. New York City, where the American stage begins, here is another program with a cast of outstanding players. Public service time has been made available by this station for your Army and your Air Force to bring you this story. As proudly we hail, the United States Army Signal Corps. The story is entitled Icebound. It's the story of the Alaska communication system, the only Army operated telephone and radio system available to commercial uses in the world. The system that was built and is today maintained by American officers and enlisted men who never learn the meaning of impossible. Our first act will rise in just a moment. But first, the Army offers unlimited opportunities for thousands of young men. As one of the world's greatest training schools, the Army teaches every man to do his job well. Every man becomes a specialist. So if you're young and intelligent, find out what the Army has to offer you to offer the Army. Your local Army and Air Force Recruiting Station can tell you how you can work with other bright young men to help make America strong in Army uniform. And now your Army and your Air Force present the proudly we hail production, Icebound. February 1953, a lonely outstation in Alaska. Two single-core technicians trudged through the snow toward their communication shack. Feel better, Bob? My stomach feels better. Then what's bothering you? You've been grumpy all morning. Well, I just can't help wondering if our being stationed up here at the end of nowhere is really necessary. How long have you been here, Bob? Six days. You'll know the answer when you've been here six weeks. Every man, woman, and child in Alaska, 150,000 people. You and I and the other signalmen of the difference between life and death. If we don't keep the lines open, we can't keep in touch with each other. Well, maybe I'm just homesick. Are all the stations as isolated as this one, Speck? We're not isolated. We got our radio and our phone and our jeep. 50 years ago when the line was first opened, signalmen traveled by dog sled and got their rations once a year. How do you know what things were like 50 years ago? One of my relatives helped open the territory. Oh, tell me about it, Speck. It's a long story. It's not a heroic one. Jack London's in it. He saw Billy Mitchell and Will Rogers and Wiley Post. It begins really in the 19th century when the United States bought Alaska from Russia in 1867. Things went along pretty well until the gold rush of the late 1890s. And then gamblers, thieves, and outlaws of all kinds streamed to the roaring gold camps to take advantage of the prospectors. The army had forts throughout the territory, but the only communication was by foot that it took as long as a year to send a letter to the states and get an answer. In 1900, our American Congress appropriated funds for military telegraph and cable lines in Alaska. The lines would be used for commercial as well as military business. A few months later, a steamer from Seattle sailed into the Alaskan port of Valdez with one of the first signal corps construction crews assigned to string the new wire across the wilderness. You better jump out, Joe. I'll give you a hand. Thanks. I can make it. I guess the dinghy or whatever it's called goes back to the big boat for the others. Okay, sailor, thanks for the buggy ride. Yeah, this is it, Joe. What do you think of Alaska? After that boat ride, I'd like Siberia. Yeah, I got it. I'd agree with you for once.  The land doesn't roll, though. I was afraid it would. Well, what do we do now? Wait till the sailors bring the rest of our gang and that Jack London fella in the little boat. You know the one I mean, Joey. Says he's a rider, but I never heard of him. Do you think there'll be any mail? Joe, the boat ride affected your brain. How could there be mail? No other ships past us or anything. When do you think there'll be mail? You're worried about your wife, aren't you? I told you, Murph, she wasn't feeling good when we left. I don't know what's wrong with her. Maybe it's just a headache or something she ate, Joe. But she was sick for three, four days. We only got married this spring, Murph. I'll go crazy if I don't hear soon. You'll hear all right. Hey, Joe, look out the big ship. Somebody's lowering a horse over the side. It's that crazy Jack London. He's in the water with a horse. He's tying the halter rope around himself, heading the horse for the beach. Let's get on there, Joe. I don't know what a horse will do. He's been cooped up in a ship for a month and then's asked to swim to shore, Austemp,我不知道, It's was a serious, cells gradient. I wasn't sure it would pop up on the pool. Bothうわ. Trihouette. We can go out. It's a good one, Joe, for what? If you have found hope it's a good one. For what? If the book I'm up here to write, Uh, something for a lady friend. Something for my wife. We got a special on seal skins. I couldn't afford them. You haven't heard what my prices are. Ha, ha, ha. Uh, tell me, son, you're one of them signal fellas who's going to string a phone wire across the last, ain't you? We are when our lieutenant gets here. You got any perfume or toilet water? Ain't nothing up here to use now. You get that line through and get it through fast, here, son. Why? Not having a signal system is bad business. Takes me two months to let my trappers know the furs I want. And by the time they get my message, the animals are out of season. Costs me upward of $1,000 a month, having to wait a year for supplies because there's no way to order them, except by a slow boat mail. Millie Mawthier's right, soldier. My name's Harris. How do you do? Yeah. Whole territory is slow to a walk because we can't get messages to the states or even to each other. Yeah, remember the time the Indians nearly got us before the fort could get a man across to Anchorage and back with reinforcements? Yeah. Remember the time Lieutenant Oxford locked up six drunks and had to hold them for half a year? Had to hold them till the marshal got them from Seattle to Exterdita? What's a little town like Valdez supposed to do with six drunks for six months? What's a little town like Valdez got? I can send my wife. There's combs over on that shelf, son. I'm glad I'm not stringing that line. I can tell you that. Why? What's so difficult about putting up some wire? You must be new here, soldier. I've been stationed up here in this wilderness for over two years. You'll find out. Joe, there you are. Come on, we got a pack. We just unpacked. We got a repack. Lieutenant Mitchell's arrived. He's been on the trail 10 weeks getting here. Now he wants to take off to string wire across Alaska at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. I have no idea how far back the break is, Murph. Lieutenant Mitchell doesn't think it's far.  I told you, Joe, he said he hoped it'd be mail with the next supply train. Oh, Murph, what'll I do? It's been seven months since we left Seattle. None of us has heard even one word from home yet. Maybe Maria was getting pneumonia when I left. Maybe she had a tumor or something. Maybe she's dead. Maybe she's recovered from a mild cold an hour after you walked out the door. Ho, ho, ho, I love you. Up, spritzer, lead him away from that thing. What is it? It's a moose, that's what it is.  They got a couple of insulators in the ladder, Joe. Spritzer can keep the other dogs away from the carcass. You and I are going to find out if it's humanly possible to untangle a signal line from a dead moose and splice it back in working order at 70 below zero. Oh, I'll put BB all right. Thank the Lord we made it back to camp and our tent. Now build up the fire. That is, men. Oh, Lieutenant Mitchell, bit of pile these on finale, Murphy. But they're your blankets, sir. Pile them on, I'll give you a hand. Is any better? They're still shivering, sir. I think these will warm them up. How about you? I'm a tough Irishman, Lieutenant. I want to tell you two men something.  But this line has to go through. The security of the United States demands it. We've strung nearly 100 miles already and we're going to do the rest of it and keep what we do open like you two did today. Now nobody in Washington, except General Greeley, thinks we're going to do it, but we are. We are because we have men like you, you to do the work. You're the signal cause answer to the scoffers who say that crossing Alaska with wire is impossible. Lieutenant Mitchell in his little band who wouldn't say no struggled on. Lieutenant Mitchell was Lieutenant Billy Mitchell, the same Billy Mitchell who years later as an Air Force General attained worldwide fame because of his astounding predictions concerning the role of air power in modern warfare. But in Alaska, at the turn of the century, he was just a shavetail Lieutenant, leading and pleading and acting tough and kidding with Murphy and Penelli and the rest of his men to keep them driving forward another step, another mile. You ready, one cat? I'm ready, one cat. All right. Eve. There's another one. Yep. How many more polls do we have to set? 11 million, 1100,000, 11. You know what gets me most about this job, Murph? Everything except the polls has to come in by pack train. A wire, the insulators, the tats, the food, even the forage for the animals. Now, Packers have to break their own trails. Don't forget that, Joe. Murph, look. The pack train. This is it. And this time I know they'll have mail. Joe, don't start that again. But we've been nine months without letters. I don't know whether Marie is all right or what. In all this time, a letter has to come through. That's what you said last month, Joe. And in January and in December. But it's later now. Don't rag me, Murph. Fall in. Everybody fall in. What's happening? You never did that before. Everybody over here. Fall in for mail call. I'll be all right in a minute, Murph. What's the hurry? You have almost a year of waiting to get out of your system. That isn't wonderful. It hasn't felt so good for months. Where's the jopes? We didn't even think that might be it. And we're head on my ration to charter back in. When you're able to tattle about again, we'll pass it out to the boys instead of cigars. You're the best pal of mine I've ever had, Murph. Nevertheless, I wouldn't name him after me if it isn't him. I'm not sure your mother would approve of a grandson called Timothy Pinelli. I still can't get over it. It occurred to me, Joe. Then why'd you tell me? I suppose she hadn't been. Murph, what's the date? March 5th or 6th, something like that. She wrote this last June. I'm a father already. Murph, I don't even know whether it's a girl or a boy. You are listening to the proudly-we-hailed production Icebound. We'll return in just a moment. But first, young fellow, if you want to be the sort of man that others look up to, you'll get there fast if you can qualify to join the United States Army. You'll see a change from the very moment you put on the uniform of a United States soldier. You'll not only stand straighter and taller, you'll walk with the short tread of a man who knows where he's going. Your training in the Army will give you the confidence of a man with an important job to do. You have to pass the mental and physical examinations in order to get in this oldest military service in our country. But once you're in, you're on the way up. Visit your local United States Army and United States Air Force recruiting station. There's a recruiter there who'll be very glad to tell you all about what's in it for you when you join the United States Army. You are listening to Proudly We Hail, and now we present the second act of Icebound. Well, it sounds like the fellas in Alaska had a hard time of it in the wintertime spec. I guess they could barely wait until it was summer, huh? You know, as bad as those Alaskan winters were for the Army men when they were stringing those first landlines 50 years ago, the summers were worse. After Murphy and Penelli learned that Penelli was very possibly already a father, the men drove on under Lieutenant Mitchell's stimulating leadership. In the spring, they dragged themselves through deep thawing snow. In August, trying to hack a path for their slim line through rugged underbrush, they encountered the severest handicaps of all. My 400 for a day, Joe. I lost count an hour ago. I just figured out what they feed these Alaskan mosquitoes as an appetizer. I'll bet this is going to be side splitting. Irish stew. That gives them a taste for the better things of life and explains why they insisted I serve as their main course. They don't exactly leave me alone. But the no-seems are worse. Doggone it, Murph. They got up my nose again. How's a man supposed to work when flies so small he can't even see them? Blind them and choke them and make them deaf? We haven't done so bad. You mean we're still alive? I mean, we've almost licked it. Lieutenant Mitchell said this morning that we're within six or seven days and leaking the other gang that's working toward us from the north. He's been saying that for weeks. He's been saying we'd be up closer for weeks, but today's the first time he said how close.  I'll have a chill with you for five minutes, anyway. Joe, you've really done a job working harder than anybody in the crew when you were worried and crazy all the time because you haven't heard about your wife and kid. I don't even know if there is a kid. How old is Tim Pinnelli now? Six months, so I don't know exactly because I don't even know when he was born. Murph, I don't know if he was born or if he's a he or a she or a quadruple. You'll learn. When? Well, a job and a line will be completed when we meet the other party. In seven days or seven weeks? And then are they going to ask an enlisted man if he wouldn't happen to like to use the line to call Chicago? Or do you think the other party might bring mail? The other party's coming from the north and mail comes in at the south. Be funny, Murph. Crack a joke about mosquitoes. It took us the better part of a year to get here from Valdez. Well, I have to find my way back alone to find out if I'm a father. Despite the treacherous muskeg, despite the mosquitoes, despite the swarms of almost invisible flies, the construction crews of Lieutenant Billy Mitchell and Captain George C. Bernal did meet. The event took place on August 24, 1902. And through the magic of a thin strand of iron wire, linked the entire Prince William Sound country with Canada's telephone system, and through it with the United States. It marked the first time in history that a man in anchorage of Valdez could communicate in seconds instead of months with Seattle or Cincinnati or Washington. Hello. Oh, hello. Hello, Patterson and Simpson. Give me Mr. Patterson, will you? Bad? This is town in Valdez. No, no, no. Mealy Mouth Town in Valdez, Alaska. And I'll... Yeah, yeah, I know I'm a long way from Seattle, but the line went through yesterday. Didn't you read about it in the newspapers? All right, now get out your pencil. Ten gross sacks of flour, 500 sides of bacon, 2,000 pounds of coffee, and all this by the next boat pattern. Two gross of bear traps, a couple dozen packages of needles with big eyes, 5,000 packages of charterbacker. In Skagway as well as Seattle, in Vicksburg as well as Valdez, in Sitkin, Chicago, in Newark and Nome. Wherever Alaskans and Americans gathered in that late summer of 1902, they talked out their elation over the Wombcat's great accomplishment. Oddly, one of the few exceptions was a tent near the very spot where the two signal core construction crews met and joined the magic line. Answer my question. I'll ask it once again. Just exactly how do you think one man can get from here to Valdez alone? I've got to go. I gotta go too to find Lieutenant Mitchell. If you think I'm gonna stand by and watch my godson's father kill himself. What is it, Murphy?  I was talking to that, I didn't hear you. Corporal Murphy reporting the fool, sir. You were Penelope. Penelope, sir.  Joe wants to take off of Valdez alone. That's a foolish way to use your leave, Penelope. It's better than going crazy. But why are you going crazy? I told you part of it before, sir. Joe's only had one letter from his wife all the time since we left Seattle. It was written in June, June of a year ago, and Joe hasn't heard since. He doesn't know whether or not he's a father or how his wife is. Is that it? He'd drive any family man off his rocker, sir. Though he did have a second mail delivery last month after the one in March. Well, Joe's letters must have been in the parts that fell in the muskag, Lieutenant. Penelope, were you trained as a lineman? No, sir. Murphy? Yes, sir. This may cost me my captain's bars, but anything Washington thinks I've done to deserve them is due to the work of you two anyway. Murphy, shinny up one of the poles and cut into the line with an extension and hook up a hand instrument on the ground. Then put in a call to get Chicago, isn't it, Penelope? Yes, sir. To Penelope's wife in Chicago. When you get her, let him talk to her for five minutes. But five minutes is all. You men hear that? Marie? Maria! Darling, Maria, me? Yes, yes, of course. It's just happy. Everything is fine, Maria. And? And? Maria, and she's six months old today. What, what, Maria? No, no, there's nothing wrong. I just didn't happen to get your letters. The food? We eat like at the best pizzeria on Halstead Street. We live like at the Sherman House. And the work? It's boys' work, Maria. They hardly need men to do work like this at all. The line that Joe Peneli helped strain and relieved his tortured worry wasn't the only wire stretched across Alaska by American frontier 402. From Fort St. Michael at the mouth of the Yukon to Fort Gibbon near Tanana. From Tanana to Fairbanks, from Fairbanks to Anchorage. By the summer of 1903, signal crews had tied every US Army post and city in Alaska into a communications network. But great and successful, as were the efforts of those pioneer signalmen, their task remained incompleted. Their lines fed from Alaska to the United States through Canada, friendly but still a foreign country. To make the system literally all American, Congress in 1903 authorized a submarine cable to connect Juno with Seattle. Oh, Johnny. Oh, hi, Harmon. Any sign of the break yet? Yeah, not from up here. Wish we'd find it and get on about our business of laying a cable to Seattle. Well, there's not much point of connecting Sitka with Seattle, Harmon, if the connection from Sitka to Juno is broken. You got any idea how many miles this tub has carried us? Hey, you aren't supposed to call a burn-sided tub and ships travel knots, not miles. Well, how many knots, then? Oh, I don't know. I haven't added it up. We were in Shanghai when they ordered us to lay the Alaskan cable. Steamed in New Jersey to pick up the cable and then with it around Cape Horn up here, it must be at least the distance around the world, Johnny. Just to lay a cable to Seattle. And we haven't even started the job yet. Yeah, but everybody says Alaska's a common country. What can any country come to if it can't get in touch with the rest of the world? I tipped. Wait a minute, Johnny. Dead whale on the starboard quarter. You imagining things? No, look over to starboard. Dead whale to starboard. Hey, I see it. Harmon, look. Snakes are eels. There's something on it. Snakes are eels, my eye, Johnny. You know what that is? That's our cable wrapped around that whale. We found more than dead whale, Johnny. We found a break in our cable too. Neither whale's an uncharted sea bottom nor weather could keep the solid old burn-side from plowing its way steadily south, reeling out 1,300 miles of cable behind it. When the cable ship reached Seattle, the territory of Alaska was connected with its mother country, the United States. For the first time by an American signal system. The names changed. WAMCATS, the Washington Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System, became the Alaska communication system in 1936. But the same system that was pioneered by General Greely and Lieutenant Mitchell and Corporal Murphy and Private Pinnelli in the burn-side is serving Alaskans and Americans to this day. That's a wonderful story, Speck. But you forgot Will Rogers. Well, in 1935, Sergeant Stanley Morgan, he's now Captain Morgan, the ACS Commanding Officer in Nome, was stationed at Point Barrow, well within the Arctic Circle. On August 16. Tanana, Point Barrow calling Tanana. Put me through to our office in Seattle. Yeah, I know it isn't customary to call Seattle. All right, cut me in. This is Sergeant Morgan at Point Barrow. Oh, hello, Sammy. Look, you better tell this to the officer in charge.  Yeah, a plane crashed up here in the fog about two hours ago. I just got back from it. It was the one he made. Both the occupants, Will Rogers and Wiley Post, were dead when I got there. I'm sorry I reminded you of that part of the story, Speck. Well, there's a lot more about setting up signal systems for the secret canal project and for the Alaska highway in World War II, and about keeping in radio touch with Bill Odom on his record-breaking round the world flight in 1947. I don't feel like storytelling anymore. Well, I'm sure glad I wasn't Morgan when he had to go out to the Winnie May. Now that you're a part of it, what do you think of the Army's part in the development of Alaska? I'm proud to be a part of it. And I like best the part about Joe Ponelli and his wife. Well, I told it that way on purpose. They were my grandparents. Ponelli was your grandfather? I told you one of my relatives helped open the territory. The little girl who had Joe so worried, Maria, was my mother. This message is of vital importance to every American. But it's particularly important to the young men who are listening. For today, the rapidly expanding United States Army is depending on you to do a vitally important job. Qualified technicians are needed. And the Army is prepared to train you in one of the interesting career fields necessary to its operation. You can become a radio or radar technician. You can study meteorology, mechanics, electronics, photography, and many others. Yes, the finest technical training schools in the world will be available to you when you enlist in the United States Army. Why not visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station today? The need is urgent. This has been another program on Proudly We Hail, presented transcribed in cooperation with this station. Proudly We Hail is produced by the Recruiting Publicity Center for the United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Service. This is Kenneth Banghart speaking and inviting you to tune in this same station next week for another interesting story on Proudly We Hail.


Hi, my name is David. I'm V2B solution manager at Velco. And I'm John Smith, CMO and co-founder for Velco. We just presented our solution to the first stopper's pitch challenge and we just want it so we're really happy to do so. We've just been invited for tomorrow's event to see other media. We presented Wingbar, the first connected handlebar that you can control your smartphone. You can install it on any bike and it has a tracking system integrated, a universal navigation system and smart headlights for your safety. They turn on and off automatically depending on the light outside. So we're working on V2B solutions also for tour, delivery and service bicycles.


I don't want to jinx anything, so I'm going to go ahead and knock a wood, but in three weeks we should have NFL football back. First prop I wanted to go ahead and take a look at is the Browns to make the playoffs. I know, I know. The Browns were so over hyped last year just to kind of get embarrassed and not to sound like Colin Coward, but it kind of started and ended with Baker, and Baker would probably tell you that himself. They're a young team, they got so over hyped, and then they got outplayed. Their season was served with a big humble pie, and the Browns got their fill. If anyone can flip the script and get his team in the right mind frame, I think it's Baker. He has enough moxie and swag to lead this extremely talented, but ego-driven team to a playoff, especially with this new format. Do I think that they're going to win the AFC, nor not a chance at Baltimore? But I definitely think there is a chance for them to get a wild card spot. So fanski should be able to draw mismatches that will drive defensive coordinators crazy. Speaking of the D, the Browns secondary looks sick. I mean, as much as I don't want to say this, I feel like this team is undervalued and I am rooting for the Browns. Pre-apology to Phyllis Mafia. You have been told it was your year. Belichick is weakened. Brady is gone. I think we see a more motivated Phil Belichick than ever. I mean, the man's not deaf. He can hear what the media outlets are saying. He can't win without Tom. And I think that's fueling him. Cam Newton is still freakishly athletic and a dude that gets things done. I think McDaniels is going to find a scheme that fits Cam perfectly. And they'll end up having a respectable offense. Sorry, Jets fans, sorry Dolphins fans. I think the only real competition in the AFC East is the Bills, but I just personally don't trust Josh Allen enough. All young and talented. I just don't think Josh Allen is the guy to beat the Pats and take the AFC East. The Pats have won the AFC East 11 consecutive times and that plus money, I'll take them to do it again. All right, y'all, that's all I have for this week. My official football countdown starts now. But until then, let's make some money.


The aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical and mechanical properties of contemporary thermoplastic orthodontic materials. This article was authored by Alexandre Poulos-Alexandris, Aljabari U.S.S., Zili Spiros, and others.