This is Think Tech Hawaii. Community Matters here. I'm Marcia Joyner, and we are navigating the journey. As you know, for those that have been with us all these weeks, navigating the journey is about taking charge of what we want and how we want and to exploring the options and choices of the end of life. And a couple of weeks ago, we talked to Dr. Samuel Harrington, and he wrote this wonderful book, At Peace, Choosing a Good Death After a Long Life. Needless to say, there's far too much information to spend one half hour with the doctors. So, he agreed to come back and let's explore some more. So, Dr. Harrington, there you are. Aloha. Aloha, Marcia. Thank you for having me. Oh, it's a real pleasure. The idea of choosing a good death after a long life. I love the idea of choosing a good death. So, tell us about Dr. Harrington. How did you come with this idea of At Peace? Well, I was a gastroenterologist trained in the super subspecialty of doing things to people at the end of life, including putting tubes into bile ducts and putting tubes into the esophagus when they're closed with cancer, putting tubes into the stomach for nourishing terminally ill patients or patients with very advanced disease. But although I was excited by those technologies early in my career, I was much less excited as time went on and I saw that there was a disconnect between how we were treating patients at the end of a long life and how we should be treating them or how we should be caring for them. And my parents aged, dwindled and died during my 35 years of medical practice. And I felt that they showed me a better way to deal with end of life issues than the technology that very advanced physicians are tempted to bring to bear when dealing with elderly patients. So, the book, I have to read this one quote, which I love. Okay, now don't tell me I lost it that quick. Okay, we'll come back to it once I find it. And so, now, the end of life and choosing, I'll find it, when we choose, we choose as opposed to allowing all of the crap that we go through with hospitals and all these tubes and all this stuff. So, in choosing a good death, what do you mean by choosing? Well, I mean that if we allow physicians to make all the decisions for us or if we allow our families to push us into doing more than we want, we will lose some control over our end of life decisions. And I mean, it's very important to recognize that 80 to 90 percent of elderly patients express a preference to die at home, but 60 to 70 percent of elderly patients die in hospitals or nursing homes, skilled nursing homes. And it is fundamental to understand that if one wants to die at home, it's important to say no to medical care, to make the choice to say no to aggressive medical treatments, to say no to hospitalization. So, the book is about helping people make that choice, understanding that that choice is in their best interest under many circumstances and understanding that aggressive medical care has the tendency to become self-perpetuating as a momentum to treat that turns into excessive medical care and a medicalized death. And by medicalized death, I mean a death that takes place in the intensive care unit of a hospital or after prolonged hospitals stay where more technology is brought to bear in dealing with a semi-conscious patient than is either appropriate or desired by that patient when they started the treatment process. Well, I want you to know that having read your book, I made a decision. I am 80.  Therefore, I don't want any more CAT scans, MRIs, mammograms, all this other stuff. Because when they start looking for something, they'll usually find it, right? So, like I said, I have made that choice. No more DEXA scans. I don't know what a DEXA scan is anyway. I don't even know what they're looking for or why I need to have a DEXA scan. So, the more technology, the more advanced the technology, the more they try out on it. So, thank you. I have made that choice. Yeah. Well, I appreciate that. I think that that's the kind of discussion you want to have with your family and everybody should be on the same page in that regard. And in a sense, what you're doing is you're taking control of some of the decision-making. That is really one of the fundamental lessons of the book. I was very impressed as I researched the book by how many people have tried to define what characterizes a good death. And one of the articles that I was deeply impressed by was by a woman, Karen Kell, K-E-H-L, from the University of Wisconsin, who wrote an article called Moving George Pease and Analysis of the Concept of a Good Death. And although she had 13 attributes of a good death, I've sort of condensed some of them down to the top five attributes. And the single most important attribute of a good death is control. So when you start making decisions for yourself, you assert control on the process. The second most important attribute of a good death is comfort. That is, of course, to avoid a painful situation. The third most important attribute is closure. And closure sort of condenses some of attributes. The one where families can reconcile and come together, the patient can reconcile with family members and friends and make people understand that the death is appropriate in time and place. And then the fourth attribute of a good death is affirmation, that the patient themselves is validated, that the patient's values are appreciated. And finally, the final attribute in this short list of five is trust. The patient is passing away in this settings that are familiar, that the patient trusts with caregivers that they appreciate and trust. So I'll just repeat that the attributes of a good death are control, comfort, closure, affirmation and trust. But if we were to reverse those and look at the opposite meanings of each of those, sort of the obverse of each one of those attributes, control becomes hopelessness, comfort becomes pain, closure becomes isolation, affirmation is denial and trust becomes frustration.  And that's what I'm trying to help people avoid. I remembered early in the book and in our discussion how you talked about the violence with which the, trying to get that person to breathe again, what's that apparatus that they bang on your chest? That's called CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. And you talked about the violence and that their last memories are of violence. That really broke my heart to think that's what we're doing to patients and that that is the standard care. Well, it is the standard of care to resuscitate patients unless they have delineated, asked that they not be resuscitated. And sometimes that request is overlooked. So it's very important for elderly patients to give consideration to that point. I had a discussion with my father. My mother pre-deceased my father when she was about eight and two. She was diagnosed with stage four lung cancer and it was clear that resuscitating her would not be wise or practical or appropriate. So he became a do not resuscitate early in the course of her terminal illness. But my father kept, retained her do not resuscitate bracelet and put it on himself. And he was about 36 or 87, even though he had no terminal illness. And that prompted me to discuss with him the wisdom of doing that because you really want to do more than just wear and do not resuscitate bracelet. You want to discuss with your physician that it means you want to be registered with your physician's office and have a formal status so that that's appropriate with whatever jurisdiction you live in so that emergency medical technician if called to the house for one reason or another will understand that it would be inappropriate to start resuscitation. But what I tried to describe to my father and with respect to what you were saying, every time CPR is done, it involves pressing chest, the sternum to squeeze the heart below it, and the result is almost universally cracked sternum and broken ribs. So that if a patient does in fact return to life, they then suffer weeks, days, weeks, hours of pain, breathing, they generally require mechanical ventilate. And I described to my father the results of one of the biggest studies of CPR and efficacy. And I pointed out to him that in this study of 400,000 people, when a person collapsed on the streets and CPR was started, 82% of those patients would get a rival when they got to the emergency room. 18% or 18 out of 100 patients survived to get to the hospital, of which 13 out of 100 people died before they were discharged. And of the five who were discharged, three were permanently damaged and two came back to normal. So the likelihood of my father surviving CPR would be on an order of 2% or less because we're having this discussion when he's 88. And he opted to discuss with his physician a permanent do not resuscitate status. And he got his own bracelet and became sort of officially enrolled. And I thought that was a wise decision. We need to take a break for one minute and we'll be right back. This is Stink Tech, Hawaii, raising public awareness. Welcome to Hawaii. This is Prince Dykes, your host. The Prince of Investing coming to you guys each and every Tuesday at 11 a.m. Right here on Think Tech, Hawaii. Don't forget to come by and check out some of the great information on stocks, investments, your money, all the other great stuff. And I'll be your host. See you. Aloha. And we are back. We are talking to Dr. Samuel Harrington about at peace choosing a good life. The book you can buy on Amazon or any of your favorite places to buy books because it's a road map or at least I'd like to think it's a road map to choosing how you want to leave this life, which is exactly what we've been talking about for the last couple of years on navigating the journey. This is a exquisite road map and no, I don't get any royalties on the book. So just buy the book.  I am not afraid to die. I just don't want to be there when it happens. Woody Allen. I just love that. That's Woody Allen's vision of passing away, which of course is sort of the equivalent of my father's description of hoping to wake up dead and to die in one's sleep. But it's that kind of vision that family members can use to help understand how to make decisions with and for our elderly parents or ourselves as we age. Well, like I said, your book is such a good, and I call it a road map for the lack of a better phrase, on exactly those things and there was one chapter here about how death arrives. And I thought, I'd never thought of that before. How does it arrive? Or do I need to tell you where we got that? You might have to point me to the chapter. How does the end finally arrive? It is chapter 6, page 92. That is correct. I try to outline in that chapter a variety of death scenarios using death certificates to show the sequence of events that lead up to a patient's death because we as physicians, when we sign a death certificate, have to describe three or four steps to indicate what led up to the patient's death because everybody dies when their heart stops or their lungs stop or their brain stops. So that doesn't really advise the coroner about the process. My father's death certificate, for example, I would have filled it out. If I had filled it out, it would have read that he died of dehydration because he stopped eating and drinking about four days before passing away and that for five weeks he was having trouble swallowing when it up to dehydration. The swallowing was the result of multiple small strokes and the strokes were the result of a blood clot in that one. Now it is caused by lymphoma that he had for eight years. So I outlined five steps. I misspoke because I would have outlined five steps if I were filling out my father's death certificate. In fact, because he was in hospice, the death certificate did not have to have that amount of detail for the coroner and so it was much more simplified. In that chapter I also outlined a couple of death certificates that relate to cancer, that relate to congestive heart failure, that relate to chronic lung disease.  Tell me then, as you're a normal, no craziness, no strange diseases, but just normal at the end of life when the body begins to shut down and it doesn't want food and yet we panic saying, oh, grandma's not eating, what can we do? How can we make, when we don't understand that this is a normal progression or regression, whichever the case may be, how do we deal with that? What's the process? Well, no, maybe we don't know that the body is shutting down. Well, this is where being in a hospice circumstance is so helpful because hospice nurses, of course, are trained in this process and trained to help family members work through it with them. So, for example, my father went into hospice about seven months before he passed away and he wanted to be admitted to hospice and I was encouraging it and there was a little bit of difficulty getting him in because he appeared to be vigorous and the first hospice said they couldn't find cars to go if he would die in six months. The second hospice that we interviewed was more open to that. So for the first five or six months he was in hospice, they were making visits on a weekly basis but there wasn't very much for them to do. But then as he began to deteriorate, their visits became more frequent and ultimately on a daily basis and they would sit down with my sister who was visiting and taking responsibility for this final visit and the hospice nurses would sit down with my sister and describe what they expected, what was happening, what to look for, that kind of thing. So the frightening things that happened during active, actively dying are explained by medical experts and my sister and others that have been cope with the process and deal with virtually every eventuality. Of course, everybody is going to die in their own way but generally there will be some commonalities and that's where the hospice professionals have so much to offer. Now, we're talking about this and I'm okay obviously talking about it but there are people that say when you begin to talk about all this paperwork that you need for the doctor in the hospitals and the people say can we talk about something pleasant? Do we have to talk about this? How do we say hey, this is not a difficult conversation that we need to have? Well, I don't have a very good answer to that in the sense that there's no magic way to get people to want to talk about it. You can tell them that talking about death isn't going to kill you if you want to take the kind of hard-wredged approach. I feel however that it's so irresponsible to not talk about it that it is the responsibility of every family member to bring it up at every opportunity until some understanding is reached because the alternative of not talking about how our loved one wants us to treat them is for us to over-treat them, hospitalize them and to medicalize their death because that is what our healthcare system is built to do and that is the expectation. That's why it costs so much. We have to help our family members make those decisions. At the beginning of the show we were talking about how do you know when it's appropriate to say no to aggressive medical treatment? That is what we really have to have the conversation about. How do we say no so that we can go home so that we can appropriately get into hospice? Before it's too late in that sense. One of the misconceptions about hospice is that it's reserved for the last few days of life. So that 40% of hospice patients are admitted to hospice with only 14 days of life and an immediate timeframe or length of stay in hospice is something like 20 to three or four days. That's just not enough to get all the benefits that hospice has to offer. One should be in there for three to six months to feel better. You have six months with hospice? We have six months that you can use for hospice. That is the standard. To be admitted to hospice the expectation is a patient will die within six months if the disease is allowed to advance naturally. But as I said, my father was in hospice for seven months. It's not a crime to be in hospice to not pass away within six months. So you can be reinstituted. And of course if people stop aggressive treatment going to hospice then we're covered dramatically which happens quite regularly and become much healthier then they can leave hospice and come back when they start declining. Well, you know, the one thing I want to say about, we will remind people that every day in intensive care is $10,000 a day average. Do you really want to leave your family with that bill? So, I hate to say this. I did tell my family, we live right on the water, I did tell my family just roll me over into the drink but one cousin said, no, no, no, no, no, don't do that.  So with that I don't get to drop me into the drink. That anyway, doctor, it is always a pleasure to talk to you and again the book is on Amazon and any place that you buy books I please do suggest that you get it. Again, I don't get any royalties but it is a great avenue, a pathway to making choices about the end of life. Doctor, thank you so much for spending this time with us. Thank you, Marcia, for the opportunity. Aloha. Aloha.


Okay, we're pulling up. Are you nervous? Yeah, I'm nervous. Oh my god. Oh my god. I can't believe he's in my car. Do you see all the purple on the beat? Where shall we quarantine you? Hi, everyone.  I know this is kind of weird, but I know that you guys have been waiting for this video. So I thought I would make this little insert and talk seriously for a second. Brenda was gonna help me with that, but now Brenda's decided to be completely useless in that area. Brenda's literally looking in the screen. I really need this right now because it's just like, I hate being emotional. For those of you new to my channel and those of you who have been here a long time, you know that I started this channel because I want it. Is this? What is this? Well, doesn't this look like the top of a van type thing? I probably put it in your bag because it was on my table. Hello, my fellow Snippers, flighters and hatchlings. My name is Marlene McCohen. Welcome to my channel. I'm really excited about today. I'm in a massive hurry. What's new? Today we are We're getting a bird. What I wanted to tell you guys is that as you know, timing is everything and I started this channel because my African gray George died and I just could not get over it, but I thought the best thing I could do in memory of George was help bird owners and new people getting birds know how to take care of and treat their birds. And my theory was that if one bird had a better life because of this channel, then I've done something. But what I wasn't prepared for was having an eye in to everybody else's troubles and tribulations with birds. Like you imagine you're just gonna make a video and put it out. It's gonna help or not help, but in the end you learn how many people are struggling and it's just not always a perfect fit. That's okay. You know, like I don't judge. I just want everybody to try their best and to really do everything you can to improve your bird's life, you know, engage, not cage.  I don't even know having been on YouTube in a while. By the way guys, I'm actually curious if I haven't made these by the time this video comes out. This is a Vinnie gang hoodie. It's kind of got like a very masculine look to it, but I like it. Super soft. Do you guys think I should make them? Let me know. I'm curious. What? You called this shirt a hoodie. We need to get out of here clearly. I don't even know. It's not a hoodie. It's the muscle shirt. Yeah, I kind of like it. Like it's got this like cute workout and then like hides the fact that I have it. Do you want to discuss the elephant in them? This is a hope for pause rescue actually. Taking a nap on the blankie. Currently in four seasons. So if you want more updates on that, that's a whole other episode. This episode we're doing something different. Okay, so this is going to carry this. I need a wallet. Okay, we got that and some other things you guys don't need to see. You better not be taking chocolate.  And I have a headache and I don't. I have a headache because I'm a popper. But you look great. Well if you keep making decisions that negatively affect your teeth. When you stop making those decisions or change your decisions so your outcome gets different, like becomes different. But that would slip. I have something I can do to walk down. It's not like if I say make a pop it's not going to pop out. You're supposed to encourage me to achieve my dance. I encourage you to do what you're so good at. That is not it. Alright, you know what? I find your effort. Sticks? You want a pound? Come on. In case. Come here. Come here baby. Yeah that works. Tracy stay back because he thinks you're like stable. He doesn't want to see you. But I got rid of the stick and you know what I say. Now what? You have to go. Alright bring the stick. There's nothing about this. He's literally out of town. Something like this happens. And for those of you following along, this is the same day as the day that we rescued the Amazon.  Should we tell them where we're going or no? Some guesses in the comments. Stop this video and guess right now. Don't stop the video but guess. Just guess. This Friday, a familiar face returns to the vlog this Thursday. I'm just copying you. A familiar face returns to the vlog. Hey look at you. Since it doesn't always work out, that's why I have so many birds as you can tell. I have 10 birds that some of them came from great families and it just didn't work out. Let's see about this.  And how you literally just can't get simple things done. What I'm trying to say is it doesn't always work out for everyone and it's not always perfect. You sometimes are doing the best thing for your bird by letting go. Today, I got that call. Okay, is this it? Yup, this is it. Okay, this is it. Oh god. Oh god. I'm scared. And I'm excited to share some news with you. Oh my god. He's there. He's right there. Oh my god. Blue is coming home. This is crazy. Okay. Oh my god. I can't. I'm sad it's not Picasso. I'm sad it's not Picasso. I'm so happy that it's blue. I'm so happy to have blue back. But I know like reading the comments that you guys are really praying for it to be Picasso. And I forget that you remember it hurt just like I do. So that's why I had to make this insert because I just wanted to address that I did not and never will forget about Picasso and I'll never give up hope that I could find Picasso or that somebody nice even if they've had Picasso for a while would you know find a video and maybe give me Picasso back if they have him. And I don't want to disappoint those of you that hoped it was Picasso. But I do think that this is it. We're getting blue back and there is so much to be happy about here. And it should also be noted that blue's owner really really really wanted the best for blue and just originally wanted a chance with blue. And I would want a chance with my bird too. So I totally understand it. And she came to the conclusion that maybe blue is best with me. And I think he is. And I hope he will be happy here. So here we go. We're getting blue. Permission to freak out. My God. Leafy's in my car. Look at that tail. Oh I don't have my GPS set up. Let's get back. Blue doesn't know how happy blue is going to be but blue is going to see Leo and it's going to be a reunion. I can't imagine what this is going to be like. What do I do? Do I just tell them? Been telling blue all night yesterday, today whispering stuff. Blue is going home but it's also good news because blue has a home. It's almost time. And as crazy as blue tried every single bird and the only one that it worked with was that one. Blue tried with Rocky. Blue tried with the little birds. You know he jumped around. He was trying to connect to any of the birds. And the only one that he ended up going for is Leo. And Leo is the one that let him in. Leo works for food. Yeah. And head scratches.  This is fine. He likes head scratches. This is good. Hershey was liking our Merlins. They get all excited like at bedtime.


I don't sound personal. Do you regret putting it out there for the people? What do you mean? Only we know, today's in your loved one. The relationship? No, no, no, no. You don't regret at all? Ah, no, no, no. Has it affected your work? Has it affected your work? It doesn't affect my work. It's never affected my work. I've been on radio for what, 13 years now? Nothing has been affected by it. I put it out there because I don't want gray areas.  So, yes, I am with Shikonguru. She's my girlfriend, yeah. And I claim her. And so I want to say to you that, yes, that's my woman. And so, whatever it is that you take from that, that's on you.   How do you reason? I've got two of my own babies who I love. She's got three of her own babies who she loves. I have tried making relationships work with other people. It has not. But somehow this one seems that it's going the right direction.  You could have even 20 babies. Who cares?  I'm marrying you. Oh, I'm dating you. Oh, I'm going to travel with you. Yeah, but, so your kids. In fact, for me, now I'm added value. I can walk around and say, I'm going to travel with you. My friend is going to travel with you. Yeah. That's why she's here. And welcome, my name is Kalendu. You see me coming here and you see me. It's an absolute amazing interview about to go down. I'm with SPM Buzz and of course standing next to us is media personality. My colleague and friend, Mike Mondo. Hey, how are you doing? I'm good, how are you? Great, you've done an absolute amazing job out there. Yeah, Santesana, we appreciate it. I didn't know you, jeez. You've been on radio. Yes. Then you've introduced us to her. Oh my goodness. Please, please make it louder for the bosses to hear. Oh, by the way, Radio Africa Group, please bring her. I can use a third host of the show. And of course, you've been doing a lot of morning shows as well. You've been doing a lot of morning shows as well. You've been doing a lot of morning shows as well. You've been doing a lot of morning shows as well. You've been doing a lot of morning shows as well. I don't know what's happening. We're just talking basically. We're doing a few things where we're trying to see how that breakfast show can be. But basically, it's just like, you know what? We're just doing the breakfast show. And I've always done it anyway. From all the way back. So we're just trying out different things to see how to diversify the show. See how maybe the show can have a different feel. But that's just basically it. And of course, you have an amazing voice. Very unique. Maena Kageni, very unique as well. Two unique, amazing gentlemen. How do you react to people when they call? Do you want to confuse Maena? Like I always said, and I'll say it again. Maena is Maena. I can never be Maena Kageni. We may sound the same. When they call and they call me Maena, me I think like, yo, it's okay. I mean for me personally, it's kind of like a compliment. It's like they're relating to one of the greatest that has ever done it. So big props to Maena. But I will never try to be Maena. I'm always Mike Mondo. Yeah.  Today's event. The launch of Galaxy AI. You can tell us a little bit about it. Oh, it's amazing. It's an amazing phone. I've always been telling mama all the time like I want to buy an S23 Ultra. I want to buy this phone.  And I'm like, yeah, sure. I want to spend it because I think the phone is good. I love the fact that they've integrated AI in a way that is so unique in terms of I don't need to, you know, I've always thought AI, I'm thinking chat GPT. I'm thinking other apps that utilize AI, but I've never seen it integrated in this manner on a phone. So the idea that they have the ring, they're smart towards the fact that for me personally, also being an older guy, you know, the fact that you can monitor your health, you can, your picture qualities are better. You're talking about vocal translation in terms of in Chinese, they can be like, where are you? And I might be in delay to translate. My God, that phone is amazing. I've just pre-ordered mine, by the way. So, yeah, yes, I've just done the pre-order. So hopefully very soon. You'll see me looking like a commodo. Thank you. People confuse you to be 36. No, no, no. You see me as in my 30s. But I'm 42 years old, you know. 42 and proud. Yeah. They say life begins at 40. Yeah. And you're 42 this year. Some of the goals that you may write down for this year are? One of the things that's happening this year is, I'm going to settle down number one. Woo, all right. Number two, we, I'm trying to improve on certain areas financially. I think I've been under cover for a lot of my career. Like I kept it under cover. I think I'll be more out there. And I think number three is to just try and be the best version of me. I'm tired of trying to live up to expectations of people and what they want. At this point in time, life is going to be all about, this is the second half of my life. I've always told God, me after I hit 80, ah, you do what you want. Yeah. And I'm going to be talking of the three major highlights of 2020, 2024. You have that one resolution. Settling down. Yeah, of course it is. Yes. What am I doing as a 42-year-old running around? Unmarried. I'm a father, my friend. I've been with young girls. You don't want to be unmarried, 42-year-old, talking about that as well. It's just time. It's not even about being unmarried or married. Yeah. Settling down is a lot of things. You just come down, make your life a bit more calm, work on your craft, become better, grow, become more of an individual who has meaning and purpose in life. If it's cherry and all these things, we've done it. It's over. That time is done. And everyone has to understand that you have a milestone. You have to achieve milestones. Mine just has come at this moment. Yeah. Yeah. And of course talking about that, what I mentioned also, in 2023, things happened. Happened. 2024 more things are happening as well. Umesama, I'm trying to get my thoughts correct, right? Umesama, you want your brand to go out there. Talking about that, your live, Instagram live, Zimekwazi Kenda viral, did you expect that? Not really. But also, I don't understand why it would go viral. The point is, I sat down with my better half. We had a life, where we were talking about something her and I are practicing, which is called couples AGM. I've never done it before. We did one. I created a document. We sat down at a restaurant. We did a couples AGM. After it was done, a lot of the people who saw the initial picture wanted to understand what goes into it. Yeah. So we said, okay, fine. We'll do a live and do that and show you how exactly we did it. And so, that was the principle behind the live. But anything else, aside from that, is just noise. Yeah. Yeah. But of course, she mentioned that you're the person she had been praying for. Yeah. Are you? You'll have to ask her. I don't know. She said that. Yeah, she did. So if she said, did you ask her? Yeah. Talk to us about these couples AGM. What does it include? Can you not include Nini? I couldn't have it to mob. It was a 16-page document. It took me four and a half hours to create. And then we sat down and then we went through it over the course of two days. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Yeah. So you basically talk about the things that you're not happy with, those that you're happy with. It's okay to be unhappy. And I think I encourage couples to do it. I thought it's nice. People don't know this. Yeah. Even Jay-Z and Beyonce do it. Yeah. But it's something that I know is new. It sounds different. It sounds weird on one point or the other.  Mm-hmm. Yeah. I've been called out. Even she called me out on it. This one up on Anguka. Yeah. And me I can do the same. Up on Anguka music. Yeah. And then you kind of like, how long do you know this at work? We do appraisals. Yes. Yeah, it's like an appraisal. Mm-hmm. I'm done, you agree? Mm-hmm. The only rule you must have is to put your Makasi Riko outside. Yeah. Woo! Put your Makasi Riko outside. I just had maybe to convince someone to put Makasi Riko outside.  Yeah. But Hakuna Makasi Riko, nothing in a couple's AGM is meant to be an attack. Yeah. It's meant to say, you know what, where this is concerned, Yeah. I have a certain feeling about it. Yeah, so I feel like this, so I feel like that. Yeah. Yeah. So you talk about it all, you put it down on the table. So that way, next time you either don't do it or even if it happens again, you can be able to tell your boy, but see, we talked about it. Yeah. So you can understand if someone is a bull, or someone is a real person. Yeah. If they are real, then they won't do it. If they are a bull, then they won't do it. Yeah. And maybe Mike, because the lives have been going of viral, are you planning to do it before the rest of the year? Amakindogo? No, I won't. I can't say that is the case. We only did the life based off the couple's age year. That was the only reason why the life occurred. What happened after that now was beyond our control. Yeah. Do we see a grand wedding this year? Ah, this year. You can't ever just do a proper interview. It is a proper interview. We want to know, are we going to get invited for Mike and Shiko's wedding? Trambi? We are going to edit the video, but unfortunately, we can't do it. Trambi is too loud. If you are going to get married, you can ask this particular question. If Shiko and I are going to get married. Yes. Walk down the aisle, get invited to a grand wedding. Wedding of the year. The wedding of the year. The wedding of the year. The wedding of 2024. Ah, relax, Kwanza. To relax Kwanza? Relax Kwanza. If you are going to get married, you can ask this particular question. If you are going to get married, you can ask this particular question. Okay. Kalondu, you know, we talked about this. Yes.  If you think me, I'm going to be afraid to tell you. Yeah. Kalondu, you will know. Yeah. Trust me. But for now, we are going to get married whatever matters at hand. Yeah. And of course, we have been talking about couples, relationships. We have been having the recent happenings in our country, but what you have to say about it is my close.  Period. In fact, stop killing in general. Just stop killing. Yeah. There's no...  At you. Or why was she in an Airbnb? Or why was she doing that? Why was... Who gives a damn? Who gives a flying f***? Just stop killing them. Come on, we cannot agree with you based on what we've decided. Who cares what your purpose or your reasoning was for you to come into that room? We don't care. Everyone does crazy things. I can even go into a room with a fellow... like I go with my brother over here to meet up with Biasara. We are going to meet up with Biasara. I'm going to go to the rest of the country and I'll be there. Wordful. If we cannot agree, you walk away and say, sour. It means work out. Men need to understand that. And I wish we can go back to the days when I grew up, where men used to protect women. Where men used to see, at Tokyo now, a woman you don't know being harassed on the street. That guy would be slapped the s*** out of. By fellow men. But nowadays, we've got a bunch of men who feel justified to do what they do to a woman simply because maybe they have money, maybe they have status, maybe they have ulterior motives. Why? What for? She's a woman. The natural instinct.  But why are you killing them? For what purpose?   It's never here nor there. Just stop killing them. And of course whatever has been happening has caused some debate online. All women, these and these sell less on to women and things like that. What would you tell ladies out there? Because at times, maybe someone could trust someone easily, feel comfortable with them. But unfortunately, they don't end up well. Go back to basics. You remember those days when women used to come for the first date with your two, three, four friends? Go back to basics. Miss Awa, but if she can't handle you and two of your friends, attack her, say that friend is your friend. Come and insist on going back to the past. Do you think that's a bug? It's a bug. It's okay. The rest of the girls can pay for their bills. You pay for hers, but as we are here with her, go back to basics. In any situation where there's trauma or things like this that are happening, always revert. That's why in Nambi, as Kiseni was as he went, always revert to basics. Either go with your friends, don't agree to meet in private spaces. Let it always be a public space and brother, if you can't afford, imagine, see that, see that? Me when come. Hey, what's your name? Yeah. Come to London, eat London, wear wear, and you learn. And you can't. Imagine, maybe it's not the time for you to do what you're supposed to be dating. And don't afford to take a Kiru, but take a Kiru. Me as a peleka out. Yeah.  What? That was Italian culture back in the day.  Yeah.  See, I end on a quita. Muambi entukutane ha paivi, public space, and I'm coming with three of my friends. Yeah. Awesome. All right. Just, Mike, to add maybe a few questions to get what we've been answering earlier, we've seen government trying to put measures in terms of now identification in CCTV. Will this help to curb what is happening? Well, sir, I leave my ID, but then again, we have to understand we live in a corrupt country. As we say, fine, I have to leave my ID, I have to leave this, I have to, you know, CCTV and all of those things. Think about people with money. Someone can come then, give that security guard a G or 2000, or 10,000 and tell him where is he, where is he? You see, I think what we need to focus on is number one, yeah, that we need to regulate, first of all, the Airbnb industry in Kenya. Let it first be regulated in terms of if I run an Airbnb, let me be government regulated. Yeah. It's not just a website where I just go and then say, this is my Airbnb. Number two, right, we need to talk to men. Let's be honest. Let's be real. We need to talk to men. Call them to my first instinct right now, if a gunman walked in right now, my first instinct should be to shield you too as a man. But if the first instinct is because you have agreed to come to an Airbnb, for some reason, I'm now entitled to your body or what's that? Just regulate that industry. Talk to men to calm the hell down and then after that, let us just now have those open conversations and where we talk to people and we just tell them, by the way, let it be punishable, so crazy that if you do some of these crazy things, as a man, you get scared.  I'm a big believer in that you'll get to a level. See, you believe you can use it. If you beat a woman, let's go back to those days of Arabian countries. You beat your woman, I'm a big believer in these things because what's the point if men cannot protect women? How do you protect even a child? That's why I'm saying cases like last year of that kid are a little bit much.   If you want to fight with a man, come fight with men.   Maybe a mic that's on you puts you stand on dating sites because the two cases we have I don't believe there's love on dating sites I was born in 1981 on July 13th put that down You're not on dating sites? I'm not on dating sites! I don't do that. I can't use a dating site. I find it tacky because I also don't believe talking to the original person.  Just to ask you maybe Mike, I don't know if you're safe out there because I believe that people maybe are trying to target you because one of your videos, one of your live sessions you mentioned like come fight me if you want me and then do you feel pressure maybe to kid social media because now? No, no, no, no. I need you to understand my statement. Here's what I say and I tell people like this, you know, there's this thing of Twitter warriors, keyboard warriors and everything. Listen, if you're man enough to say it online, why do you need a parody account? Why do you need extra accounts? Why do you need all of these things? See, you may say man and that's what you believe. And I've met you here. Come now, tell me now in person.  There's someone who's once talked shit about me on Twitter and then came later, saw me in a in an event and then he started saying, Hey, what's up? Oh, Mike's you buy me a drink. Then I look at you and I'm like, but isn't this you? Yeah.  Now I'll buy you one if you repeat what you said.   I don't like you.  But if you can't say it and then later you're the same person who will DM me and tell me Mike, you're the only one who has a 10 case. And yet I'm seeing three weeks ago, you're the same person talking and come say to me as a man. So you don't feel any pressure to go to social media, maybe a message to the keyboard warriors. I will quit social media. The day I quit media, I will delete all my social media accounts. And the reason why I'll do it is because I find that a space that I have outgrown, a space that I feel is so toxic to the point that it's ruining people rather than building them. For you guys, I understand what you get, how you guys make.  So, so, kudos to you. But what is doing to young people out? I mean, if I could, it's just that I'm still in media. But if I could, all social media accounts I'll delete them tonight and say, see you in social media. Because I understand why it's there, understand its importance. I don't like what it's doing to people. I don't, I really don't like it. I see children right now who grow up with iPads and phones and whatever. How often do you see kids playing outside, jumping on teas or nothing? So, everyone is so obsessed by the screen. I don't sound personal. Do you regret putting it out there for the people? What do you mean? The relationship. It doesn't affect my work. It's never affected my work. I've been on radio for what, 13 years now. Nothing has been affected by it. I put it out there because I don't want gray areas. There's, I want you to know, this is, if I come and pick your car, you'll say, no, that's my car. Why are you touching my car? So, yes, I am with Shikonguru. She's my girlfriend. And I claim her. And so I want to say to you that, yeah, that's my woman. Yeah. And so whatever it is that you take from that, that's on you.    I've got two of my own babies who I love. She's got three of our own babies who she loves. I have tried making relationships work with other people. It has not. But somehow this one seems that it's going the right direction.  You could have even 20 babies. Who cares? I'm not marrying your kids. I'm marrying you. Oh, I'm dating you. Oh, I'm going to travel with you. Yeah, but so your kids, in fact, for me, now added value, I can walk around and say I'm going to travel with you and I'm going to work with you. Yeah, my friend is going to travel with you. Yeah, so that's what she's like. Why? Why? Look, I'm going to say Kibodorius. Kibodorius. A soft message, a soft one. A soft message. Keep on keeping on. Happy New Year. And happy new year to you. And happy new year. I thank you so much. Thank you so much. We really do appreciate you.


Hello everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. In this module, I'm going to demonstrate how we can implement system and browser events in lightning or a component. So let's understand how we can implement system event and browser event. So first I'm going to demonstrate system event implementation. So I'm going to create new lightning component. I'm naming it as ACC data, and I'm enabling this checkbox because in future I want to place this lightning component on the record page. So lightning component is created and it is having these two interfaces implemented automatically. So here we have available for record home and force has record ID, right? So I'm just saving this. Now I just need to link this lightning component with the Apex controller. So I'm going to create that as well. So I'm creating Apex class as ACC controller. Now in this ACC controller, I'm going to implement the code. So with the help of Adlerate Aura annotation. So I'm going to use this code. So here you can see Adlerate Aura enabled annotation is available. And this get accounts method will return these queried account records. So five account records will be queried along with ID name and phone. So I'm just removing phone from here because I will be using ID and name only. And those records will be available in this ACC list and it is being returned. So I'm just saving this file. Now jumping to my component, right in this component, I'm going to use my system event. So first of all, I'm going to create one attribute. Naming it as ACC list, right? Now after this, I'm going to implement a handler, right? So its name is in it. So in it is basically a system event. So you just need to handle it. It is fired automatically whenever your component loads in the browser. So we just need to handle and we need to define like what operation we want to perform when this event is fired. So value equals to this and action equals to. So now you need to understand. So name is in it. So it will be handled automatically. Value equals to this. So it says like the handler is available in this component only. And with this, with the help of this method, your operation will be executed. And do in it. So this is a name you can use any name for defining the function. And the C dot you need to use because this method will be defined in the controller part. So this way we can handle system event. Now I'm using a tag lightning select, providing it name as select one and its label will be select an account. Right inside this lightning select, I'm going to provide options. So option value equals to null and none will be displayed. So when we create a pick list or drop down using this lightning select tag, so this none will be displayed on the UI and if you select this none. So this value will be processed in the backend. Now after this, I just need to use or iteration so that I can iterate over this ACC list where account list will be available. So or iteration then items equals to the dot ACC list. And we need to use a variable where one by one accounts will be available from this list to this item variable. And here I'm going to use option value equals to item dot ID. So we actually queried ID and name. So if you focus on this SQL we queried ID and name. So those ID and name we are going to use here. So I'm just closing it and here I'm going to use item dot name. So what will happen. Name will be displayed on the UI and if you select a particular account name. So for processing purpose that ID will be used to this value attribute. So basically the UI part is implemented. Now we need to go to the controller and we need to define the doing it method. So here you can see we are just mapping this init handler with this doing it method. So in the controller you will be defining your doing it method so that whatever operation you want to perform, you can write. So I'm just creating a variable named as action. So component dot get then see dot get accounts. So this is basically the function that is available here. Right. And one more thing we need to do we need to use this here. So I'm writing controller equals to wherever you want to link your apex class with your lightning component so you need to use this statement as well. Right. So we just call the method that is defined in the apex controller. Now action dot set callback. This then function response and here you need to apply this database and variable state equals to response dot get state. A triple equals to success. Then you can write component dot set V dot ACC list and then response dot get return value. It is closed here then you can use dollar a dot action and here you can pass the action. Right. So this way I defined this method. So this method is basically linked with this order handler. So this way I hope you understood like how.


The Ruger American Compact 45 is air-coated from the factory with the gray slide and the gray frame. 3.75 inch barrel, Novak sights, 3 dot sights. It does have a rail. It's a good-looking pistol. Also, the gray model comes with three magazines. Here's your first pull. Five and a half pounds. Reset right there. It's been extremely reliable. It's both slide stop and magazine release. Both sides. The recoil feels extremely manageable with the American Compact.


Going on everyone and I don't have the case Sam here with late sports cards. Here's the case Ripon 23 panini ante baseball hobby four box case number eight ran a division style So look again at your random results as always you can find these all on the website other results I'm as well as the link that's in chat currently It's good luck everybody Yeah, I want to trade I think Hank if you're still in here. I think trading with Donovitch. I think that's the Potential move right there to it like a contender that needs shooting. I love me some bogey, but oh Dude, it's not the year this year Sixth man of the year. I I mean, he's probably the only guy that's got a ton of value Like who are the only out? Who would you say the only untouchables are like a lot of hawks like fan pages and stuff that I follow And hawks like fans say that the only untouchables should be Trey obviously and then Jalen Johnson We're just gonna trade me. Yeah, probably would You got decent value I'd probably say because I don't know if anybody's gonna garner enough value. Maybe I'm a Kong will I want I want to keep a Kong will do I love because like you could trade Capella potentially to I Know Capella has been like a trade Capella's the new John Collins That's what I'm saying Vaughn value only go down trade wise trade me to gaming God I don't think they don't think they'd want me over there. All right Empty We've got NL West Orlando sepata to 49 nice one there We've got mr. Cam Collier for the NL Central to 99 Well to get John Collins back after the jazz column Next up is Cole young ALS to 49 on the Stars and Stripes Thank You Stephen picking up a spot in the mega triple case tomorrow Tomorrow or yeah tomorrow You know, I would have no idea what I was doing over there. No idea ALS again that is gonna be a Nolan Ryan to 25 Nice one there. We've got NL East. That is Owen Murphy rookie auto 225 NL East nice one here for the AL East this time one of ten of Elvis Martinez hatch auto We've got a Taj Bradley AL East five of 25 three colored RPA nice one there on the colossal materials Colossal materials take Andre's in a trade to sports Got nine of ten John Smoltz. That's nasty Going to the NL East nice one there Game used to Hall of Fame Jersey auto mag this last one. This one's dope about a 101 printing plates Three colored patch auto. It is Jackson holiday Juan of Juan congrats on that one AL East going to mr. Stephen L Yeah, Sean will probably take the same for Andre's trade if Here one more Regardless Take it for free We're losing Yes, we are Kerry they are I want to say they're probably full for tonight, but we'll be doing them tomorrow and It'll be all day on Sunday as well Sunday morning with Kyle over here on the main channel Lord a lot of cards in this one. I Would say it's probably full would be my guess though The Cornet getting the halftime in reels go Jack Leiter two of 99 Jersey auto for the AL West by way of the Rangers Jack Leiter We've got that is Nine of ten Quinn Priester NL central to color patch Very cool. Next up that is Jared Schuster three of ten Three color patch a lot of breaks in that one as well Going to the NL East by way of the Braves Bravo's By way of the bravos. Oh nice treasured stats 262 hits in one season to 99 is gonna be each era Hawks backup 18. Let's go. Come on Hawks Come on Hawks Posterdunk three two steals in a layup in the last two minutes. Let's go. Come on Jalen Johnson That's rookie of the year snub Jalen Johnson Right there rookie of the year snub Jalen Johnson For the inks we've got Casey Stengel 7 to 25 a manager war I'm assuming Yeah, coach Warren nice one there congrats Yanks a least Casey Stengel 70 of 99 a west is gonna be Drew Gilbert Still a Houston asher on this retreats and that's Puss in there just remembered that again There's Die-cut material signatures to 99 go into the a l West a l West This is dope dude 7 to 15 for the AL East Chen Meng Wang. Let's go Love me some Chen Meng Wang I didn't realize he was in the checklist. That's dope away of the inks. Oh Boy 10 of 49 How you Lee On the RPA Yeah, we've been catching up a little bit carry from Christmas and everything in terms of personals But by Sunday for sure everything will be caught up. We back to back to regular Tuesday and Wednesday and everything a lot of vacations 21 of 99 Evan Carter diamond autographs going to the a l West First prism break starts at 935 Eastern slums 7 of 10 is Warren spawn going to the NL East by way of the Milwaukee Braves as Milwaukee Braves that'll go NL East on the booklet 7 of 10. I would just tag that one and at least if that's cool. Yeah. Oh nice a freak Trevor Hoffman 13 of 25 That's on that and a West game used Jersey To go into the AL central three of 40 Gaylord Perry That is game used material Al essential by way of the Guardians Nice one here. NL Central is gonna be Jackson Shurio 39 of 99 Thank You Jungman picking up a Astros and Pirates in a couple of breaks appreciate it buddy Next up is 73.99 James Wood Going to the NL East Echler's Choice Jersey Auto. That's sick man Anano 99 of 99 for the NL East Raphael for call game used Jersey Auto Love seeing vets like him in this Raphael for call 40 of 99 that is a Junsock shim Going to the NL central.  We're number 30. That's what I thought.  I hate that so much. What is that about? Wow? Brooks Lee al central 60 or 86 of 99. I Really don't like that at all. Mm-hmm rats on that one a l central Marcelo Meyer 48 to 49 mr. Baseball signature names Patch auto a least Little young to be calling a mr. Baseball. I think pump the brakes a little bit the Yankee fan in me says And three colored prospect patch auto for a 49 to Marj Johnson And all central nice one there on the The horizontal RPA last box Yeah, no through a flag really no flag This He did turn the show He was named mr. Baseball California State player of the year for the 2021 season by Cal High Sports See well, it should be then It should be not mr. Baseball. It should be mr. Baseball California State player of the year for the 2021 season That's what it should say Not just mr. Baseball. I mean come on she's 79 of 150 America's past on Ellie De La Cruz. There you go. I know central crash Jennifer I swung the I'm a bit of a hater. Yes. Yeah, Sean, please punch him It's coming do 150 Hasen Kierstad go into the Ales 249 Stars and Stripes Jersey Francisco Alvarez 20 to 25 on the three-color patch and at least National treasures I 25 Got nice 45 and 99 treasured stats is Roberto Coletti on the NL central three thousand hits three thousand exactly rest in peace Cool one here. That is ALS. That is angels Albert Pujols game use Jersey retro material Hey, the West Followed by a lease 34 49 Ricky Tiedemann. That's weird to Ricky Tiedemann's back-to-back actually 1299 1 to 49 so congrats AL East doubling up on those there you go Stephen at least again this time Echler's choice to 99 is Colson Montgomery. No, no, that's not at least that's AL central my blood.  Thank you, buddy God AL East to 49 is Miguel Blase At least Miguel Blase Rats on that one and to finish us off AL East again 48 of 99 is sedan Rafaella a way of the Red Sox a L East a Random, I don't believe so do the reek it.  That's that's fair. That's fair ever pools tomorrow Johnson a Marcelo Meyer Brooks Lee John Sock shim Rafaella for call James Wood Evan Carter. How you Lee? We're a dude stop asking me long Dustin Harris to Gilbert John Smoltz a Taj Bradley or Elvis Martinez Owen Murphy and then one-to-one printing plate RPA is Jackson holiday That'll do for the break everybody. Thanks again for the fill up next is mega dual case


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Jeep Gladiator Altitude is stock number 22J73. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep and Jeep Gladiator headquarters. This 2022 Jeep Gladiator has the 3.6-liter V6 Pentastar engine, puts out 285 horsepower. That's going to get you 22 miles per gallon on the highway, 17 city and an average of 19 miles per gallon. The color on this one is Sarge green clear coat, really a good looking Jeep color, and it looks great on the Gladiator. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the looks, styling, color, and options of the vehicle before seeing it in person. Plus I'm going to go through all the options and give you a really good rundown of everything that comes with this particular Jeep. This one has the Altitude Edition, which is going to give you the blacked out headlamp bezels. This one has the LED lighting group, gives you the LED fog lamps, LED running lights, those running lights, and the LED headlamps. You get the gloss black seven-slotted grille, part of that Altitude Edition, Sarge green clear coat, really a good looking color, it has the color matching fenders. I know it's very popular on the Wranglers, and I would imagine it's equally as popular on the Gladiators. This one has the Gorilla Glass for the front glass, you still get the Jeep climbing up the side. I'll show you later in just a minute how to tell if it's got the Gorilla Glass. Get the sandals on the plastic shroud there, color matched fenders. This one comes with Bridgestone Duler HT tires, and these are 245 75R 17s. You get the 17-inch gloss black painted alloy rims as well. You also get the blacked out Jeep lettering and Gladiator lettering there. You can remove these doors, I actually have a video showing you how to take these doors off in the upper right-hand part of the screen if you want to check that out. And they got T50 on there letting you know which Torx wrench to use. Enter and go system. We're going to take a quick look at the original window sticker. Feel free to pause this at any second. I'm not going to go through everything but just the main stuff. 2022 Jeep Gladiator Altitude 3.68 speed automatic comes with the Jeep Wave membership.   Four windows with front one touchdown, speed-sensitive power locks, power heated mirrors, and automatic headlamps. That LED headlamp and fog lamp group is $12.95, the cold weather group, which gives you heated seats and steering wheel is $8.45, 8.4 radio with the premium audio group is $2,095. And that gives you the Alpine premium audio system, GPS nav, four-seat nav, off-road two pages, Sirius Guardian for a year, five-year Sirius XM and Travelink, Sirius XM traffic plus for five years, and rear center console with two-charge only USB ports. Automatic dimming rear view mirror, 8-speed automatic transmission is $2,000. Select track, full-time four-wheel drive system, $6.95, track lock, anti-spin rear differential is $5.95, windshield with Corning Gorilla Glass is $4.95, now that's one way you can tell if it's got the Gorilla Glass. You do get a credit back for 115 outlet power inverter delete, and then this one has a sprain bedline, which is $5.25, total MSRP is $51.770, gets your summit price, rebates and incentives. In the upper right-hand part of the screen is a link to our website, you can click that and check out the pricing and availability on this particular Jeep, three-year 36 bumper to bumper, five-year 60 powertrain, they are your miles per gallon and four-star and five-star front crash test range and three-star rollover. We'll, sorry about that, we'll go down the rest of the side of the vehicle. Now this one has a 1,700 pound payload capacity, which is best in class. You get the LED lighting back here, that's your case for your hardtop, front hardtop pieces. So we actually did a video showing you how to take your hardtop off of your gladiator if you want to check that out, that's in the upper right-hand part of the screen. Locking tailgate, towing package, receiver hitch, four-pin and seven-pin wiring. This Jeep is capable of towing 4,000 pounds as it is. Spray and bedliner by Mopar, always nice to have the factory spray and liner. And coming around the driver's side, get a good idea that Sarge Green, really a good-looking color and probably be one of my top choices if I'd get a gladiator.  Auto headlamps, power mirrors, power locks, lumbar, driver seat height adjuster, factory floor mats. Take a quick look at the back seats.  These seats fold up like so, there's storage, there's spots to put your roof and door hinge bolts and windshield bolts. Those headrests fold down like so, you've got a manual sliding rear window.  Then there's three of the six bolts that you got to take off for that hard top removal. You also get child safety locks on the back doors. Take a look at the information center and the radio and then we'll do a final walk around with all the lights on. Seven inch LCD display, you get a digital speedometer. Really like the instrument setups in the Jeeps. Has the heated leather wrap steering wheel, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, cruise controls on the right and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one comes with the 8.44C radio. You get the factory navigation system, AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You can do your heated seats and heated steering wheel here. You have the HD backup camera. I love that they made those cameras HD in the Wranglers and Gladiators now and you can zoom in right over your receiver hitch so you can get hooked up to your boat camper or trailer the first time every time. We also have all your different apps in here. This one has a projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. We actually did a demo on Android Auto with the 4C radio if you want to check that out that's in the upright hand part of the screen too. See all those capabilities. They're pretty sweet and off-road pages. Now these take a second to load so while they load I'll point out that you can get the more tactile volume, tune and climate controls there. Here are your off-road pages. You have your steering angle, transfer case, accessory gauges, note you have latitude, longitude, your altitude there and your pitch and roll which is all great stuff if you're off-roading to know. Down here are your window controls. You do get an AUGS USB and USB-C. This one has the four-wheel drive system in it right here. You get a four-wheel drive high auto and part-time high so that's a special four-wheel drive system right there. I'm trying to see exactly what they call that select speed control. No that's not it. That's what this is. Select speed control. Anyways eight speed automatic transmission. You get the Glittle Gladiator logo on the top there. You get the flipper key with remote start. Love these keys. They're bulky. They fit right in between your cup holders there and then I really like the dash on these altitudes. It's like a metal flake. I don't know if that's granite crystal or mineral gray. It's really a cool color and I like that they actually made it metallic so it does shine a little bit in the sunlight.  Home link buttons and you can drive with just these front hardtop pieces off so that's pretty sweet. Assist and SOS buttons right there and like I said we'll do one more final walk around with all the LED lights on. On this beautiful Sarge Green Gladiator Altitude. You get the LED license plate lights and let me know what you think in the comments of the color and the package and the video in general. I really appreciate the feedback. Got all those LED headlamps and running lights and fog lights. They are really really bright. I definitely think that this is that package with the LED lights. It's worth every penny you pay on it. 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Welcome back we are studying positive definite forms and let me reiterate our motivation is to study forms like x square plus y square and we want to understand all the numbers represented by this form that is we want to understand the whole value set of such forms. So one way to do that as we saw in the last lecture was to reduce this form a given positive definite form to a somewhat simpler form and therefore, we define this concept of a reduced form and then we also proved in the last lecture that every positive definite form is equivalent to a reduced form. So before we go to the main proof let me just quickly recall these things for you that we have introduced these very important transformations the first one is called a transfection. So this is represented by the matrix whose diagonal entries are 1 upper diagonal entry can be plus or minus 1 and the lower diagonal entry is 0 and this element this is the while element this is represented by the matrix 0 1 minus 1 0. So transfection because these are transfection is a very general term if you study matrix groups and what is called geometric algebra then you will see that these transfections are omnipresent there they come there in almost every such matrix group and they are very useful. While element is something which generates what is called the while group of the matrix group SL 2 and therefore, I am using these notations to denote these two transformations. So we have the transfection and we have the while element remember that while element is going to switch x and y. So with a sign so that means that the coefficients a and c will be switched but the coefficient b has a different sign. So when we have a x square plus b x y plus c y square then we see that a goes to the place of c and c goes to the place of a the only change is that b has a different sign. While the places of a and c are switched the change in b is the change of a sign. The transformation given by the transfection has this description here what is important to note is that a remains as it is and b can be made smaller or bigger by multiples of 2 a. So this is the change that is happening for b and there is some change which is happening for c but that is something that we can take care of. So once we are done with this we now go to the definition of what is a reduced form this is slightly differently worded than the definition I gave in the last lecture. So the only change is that we start with this binary form which is positive definite and I say that you have first of all a to be less than or equal to c which was evident in the conditions that we had later but let me put it first. So we have a positive definite form that means the a is positive or whenever a is 0 c is strictly positive this is what we have and of course that the discriminant is negative. So these are the two conditions which we have for the positive definiteness. So we have these conditions then for the form to be reduced a has to be less than or equal to c and in that case depending on whether a is equal to c or a is strictly less than c we have the behavior of b which is controlled by a. If a is strictly less than c we allow b to go from minus a to a we allow it to be equal to a but not to minus a and if a and c are equal then we say that b has to be positive number non-negative number it can be from 0 to a. So this is the definition of a reduced binary form which is by definition a positive definite quadratic form. Now we come to the theorem which we proved in the last lecture that every positive definite form every positive definite form is equivalent to a reduced form. So you start with any positive definite form whatever coefficients it may have you can always change it by using the allowed transformations so that in the end you get a reduced form and the proof was quite easy what we are going to do is that to show that any positive definite form is equivalent to a reduced form we will have we will start with a general positive definite form and show that there are transformations that can be applied to it so that the result is a reduced form. So we are only going to apply the transfection and the while element these are the only two transformations that we are going to apply to our form and keep modifying the form suitably so that after a finite stage we get a reduced form that is the simple idea of the proof. Let me give it to you once again we note once again that because the form is positive the a has to be bigger than or equal to 0 a cannot be negative remember the constants a and c are always represented by the form if you have the form f of x y equal to a x square plus b x y plus c y square you put x equal to 1 and y equal to 0 f of 1 comma 0 is a and f of 0 comma 1 is c so a has to be bigger than or equal to 0 because the form is positive definite that means the values are taken are either 0 or positive and if a happens to be 0 c which earlier was also bigger equal 0 now has to be strictly positive because if a 0 c 0 your form simply becomes b x y which is an indefinite form it cannot be positive definite. So, these are the two basic assumptions these are the two basic observations that we make that a has to be bigger equal 0 and in the case when a is 0 c has to be bigger than 0. Now we try to arrange so that a becomes less than or equal to c the problem may be that a may be bigger than c. So, if your a is bigger than c these are both non-negative numbers if a is bigger than c then we apply the while element which will change b to minus b but it will give you that now a is less than or equal to c it will not be equal because we have a to be strictly bigger than c so a is less than c of course what I have written is also true. So, we apply the while element to switch the places of a and c so that the new a the new coefficient of x square the new a is now less than or equal to the new c. So, the conditions on a and c are now satisfied we now look at b your b might be a very wild integer it may not be in the range that is prescribed. So, what we do is that we apply a suitable transaction to get b closer to the interval minus a a I have put here the sign for minus a as a round bracket and for the right hand side the closing bracket is taken to be a square bracket. So, the round bracket signifies that we are not taking minus a it is an open interval and the closed bracket signifies that that is a closed interval. So, we are allowing a but we are not allowing minus a so we will actually start with minus of a minus 1 or minus a plus 1 towards a so these are all the integers that are allowed. So, wherever you have b remember you can apply transactions and b can be changed to b plus or minus 2 a so if b is positive and very large you keep subtracting multiples of minus 2 keep subtracting multiples of 2 a to bring b less than or equal to a do not go to minus 2 a minus a or do not go beyond that stop when you have it within this interval if you have it to be equal to minus a you can add 2 a and bring it to a and while we are applying the transactions the a the coefficient of x square does not change that is the most important thing. So, we will still have the same a the b coefficient has now come in the prescribed interval what may happen is that the c might change. We had initially applied the while element and we got that a is less than or equal to c but by applying the transaction once c becomes a minus b plus c. So, the c might become smaller than the a now let me repeat we had a bigger equals bigger than c possibly. So, we applied the while element and made a smaller than or equal to c. So, a is a positive quantity which is now smaller the coefficient of x square is now smaller than the coefficient of y square. Now, after applying the transaction we are adjusting the coefficient of x y but the coefficient of y square might become smaller further than the coefficient of x square. And so, we may have a still smaller coefficient for y square we apply once again the while element to make the a and c to change places b will acquire one a different sign but that is okay the interval does not change. And so, a is now further less than or equal to c if your b was a you apply the transaction once again to get it within the range. So, what is happening is that the coefficient of x square remains positive and by all these processes we are either keeping it as it is or we are decreasing it. So, this process has to ultimately stop. So, ultimately what we are going to get is that we will have a reduced form which will have the property that first of all a the coefficient of x square is less than or equal to the coefficient of y square and further the coefficient of x y satisfies the correct property. There is of course this condition that whenever you have a equal to c we want b to be positive. Now, if your a is equal to c and applying the transaction and so on you have got b to be negative then you simply apply the while element once again which is going to switch the coefficients of x square and y square which are the same because you have a equal to c. So, those coefficients numerically they do not change but b changes its signs. So, earlier the b which was negative has now become positive. So, by applying the while element in the end if necessary if a is equal to c we have that b can also be made to be bigger than or equal to 0 and thus every positive definite form is equivalent to a reduced form. So, to understand every theorem it is good to work out some examples. So, let us go and let us do one or two examples and understand this theorem in proper way. This is the first example we are given the form for x square plus y square and we want to find the reduced form which is equivalent to this. So, we notice here that 4 is bigger than 1 the coefficient of x square is bigger than the coefficient of y square and therefore we have to apply the while element first. So, we apply the while element which will then make 4 x square plus y square transforms to x square plus 4 y square here we do not have the b term there is no coefficient for x y the x y term is not there. So, that or in other words the x y term is 0 and so its sign changes and it is still remains 0 this is a reduced form. So, 4 x square plus y square is equivalent to the reduced form x square plus 4 y square. Next example is slightly more complicated 5 x square minus 5 x y plus 2 y square. So, even here 5 is bigger than 2. So, we apply the while element first to get it 2 x square the sign of b will change plus 5 x y plus 5 y square. So, we obtained a form where now the coefficient of x square which is 2 is less than the coefficient of y square which is 5. Now, I applied the transfection which sends x comma y to x minus y comma y because I need to 5 is big the coefficient of x y is big I want to bring it to the interval minus 2 minus 1 to 2. So, the new coefficient of x y is allowed to have values minus 1 0 1 and 2 these are the only quantities that we allow for the coefficient of x y to take. So, I subtract y therefore, the effect will be that twice of 2 will be subtracted from 5 the coefficient of x square remains as it is here we get it to be 2 into 2 here we get this to be a which is here we get it to be a minus b plus c and which is then equal to 2 x square plus x y plus 2 y square. So, we have that the coefficient a of x square is 2 the coefficient of y square is 2 and the coefficient of x y which is 1 is bigger than 0 and is less than a. So, this is now reduced form there is a small check which we can do to see whether we have not made any mistake in this calculation which is that we can compute the discriminant of the original form and we can compute the discriminant of the form that we have obtained. So, the discriminant here is given by b square minus 4 a c. So, the discriminant here is b square which is 25 minus 4 into 5 into 2. So, that is 10. So, 25 minus 40 that will give you minus 15 and the discriminant here is b square which is 1 minus 4 a c a c is also 4. So, you get 1 minus 16 which is also minus 15. So, it is likely that our calculations are correct and thus we have computed 2 reduced forms for the 2 positive definite forms that we started with. This is how one would do the calculation. Now, there is one important thing. The important thing is the following that if one person starts transforming the given positive definite form to obtain a reduced form that person may not use the method that we have used. So, the somebody else you know I should perhaps tell you that this is all coming from Gauss. Gauss is the one who has studied the whole theory of reduction of binary quadratic forms. So, this is a very old study but recently a brilliant mathematician by name Don Zagier he gave one more algorithm to obtain reduced form equivalent to a given positive definite form. We have one algorithm which is given described by Gauss using transactions and the while element and there is this another algorithm given by Don Zagier and it is quite likely that the reduced form that Zagier obtains might be completely different from the form we have obtained. So, the question that we should first of all ask is how many forms can there be? If I give you one discriminant the discriminant is not going to change when we have transformations. If I give you one discriminant can there be infinitely many forms with the given discriminant? Can there be infinitely many reduced forms of that discriminant and among the reduced forms of a given discriminant how many of them can be in equivalent to each other? Perhaps if any two equivalent reduced forms are same then it would tell you that whether we apply Gauss method or Zagier's method both of us we will reach the same answer. So, we will answer this question one by one we first want to see how many reduced forms can there be of a fixed discriminant? The theorem says that if you fix a discriminant D then there are only finitely many reduced forms of that discriminant. So, assuming that you may have two distinct reduced forms to be equivalent it is likely that Gauss will give you one reduced form Zagier will give you perhaps another reduced forms but the answers cannot be infinitely many different answers. The answers will be from a finite set we will later see that the both the answers will have to be one and the same but let us first show that reduced forms of a given discriminant is a finite set that is a very interesting proof and rather a simple proof. So, what we have is D which is B square minus 4 AC is fixed now we write it as so we have of course minus B minus D which is minus B square plus 4 AC and here if I take 3 AC out then we have minus B which is now a positive quantity we are starting with positive definite forms. So, D is negative minus B is positive minus B is 3 AC plus AC minus B square this quantity is bigger than or equal to 0. B is not allowed to be bigger than A even the mod B is not allowed to be bigger than A B is between minus A and A and A is less than or equal to C. So, AC always is going to be bigger than or equal to B square. So, this quantity is bigger equal to 0 and therefore what we get is that minus D is bigger than or equal to 3 AC minus D is a fixed positive integer the multiples of 3 the multiples which are positive remember A and C are both bigger than or equal to 0. So, the possibilities for A and C are finitely many because the multiple 3 AC is bounded above by minus D. So, we have that there are only finitely many choices for A and C even among them you will have to have that A is less than or equal to C. So, ultimately you have finitely many choices of the coefficients for x square and y square of reduced forms of discriminant D and further the choices of B are finitely many for a given A that will tell you that ultimately there are only finitely many reduced forms of discriminant D. Let me write it down precisely minus D bigger equal 3 AC says that there are only finitely many A comma C with 0 less equal A less equal C and then for each such AC there are only finitely many B satisfying mod B less than or equal to A. So, in the end we have only finitely many positive definite forms in fact reduced forms of a given discriminant D. What we have used is that minus of the discriminant is always going to be an upper bound for 3 AC and once you have finitely many AC then for each A there are finitely many choices for B. So, ultimately the pairs A comma B comma C satisfying the inequalities for the reduced forms are only finitely many the triples are only finitely many and therefore there can only be finitely many reduced forms of a given discriminant D. So, whenever we have a fixed number D a discriminant D and we compute the number of in equivalent reduced forms of discriminant D this number is called the class number of D. So, remember D is a negative number and we are looking at all reduced forms. So, all these reduced forms are now only finitely many and in principle we should be able to tell how many of these are equivalent to each other. In fact we will prove that the in equivalence is a redundant condition any two reduced forms are never equivalent but that we will see later. Right now what we see is that if you are given a discriminant D look at the reduced forms of that discriminant look at the in equivalent once among them that number is called the class number of your given discriminant D and we will denote it by H of D. In the next lecture we will see that the number of reduced forms which are equivalent to each other it just one which means that any two forms which are reduced and equivalent will have to be the same forms. So, see you until then thank you very much.