فشرف بي لشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيم الحمد لله رب العالمين ولا عاقبة للمتقين ولا عدوانا إلا على الظالمين أو صلي وأصلي معالاماً أرسله الله رحمة للعالمين سيدنا ونمينا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد This is our second day إن شاء الله تعالى في المشاهدة التي قلتنا أننا سنقوم بها ضبض العلم وفقاً في المعرفة نحن نتخيل محاولة من الكتاب تعظيم العلم وننتقل yesterday ورلله الحمد لله ونقوم بإمكانه الله وننتقل القواعد الأربعة وننتقل إن شاء الله تعالى سنقوم بعمل محاولة هذه الكتاب تعظيم العلم ونفتل أبيضني الله الكريم ونقوم بعمل كل نخبة الفكرة إن شاء الله تعالى أتريه سمع بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قال الشيخ صالح بن عبد الله بنحمد العصيم وفقه الله تعالى في كتابه تعظيم العلم المعقل الثاني إخلاص بنية فيه إن إخلاص لا عمال يساس قابولها وسلم رأسه وصولها قال تعالى وما أمرو إلا ليعبد الله مخلصين له الدينة ونفاء وقال البقاري وفي الجامعي المسند الصحيح ومسلمون في المسند الصحيح واللخض للبقاري حدثنا عبد الله بن ابن مسلمة قال أخبرنا مالي كنعيخ ابن سعيدنا محمد ابن براهيم عن عمر رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال العمال بنية ولكل إمري إما نواب وما سبق من سبق ولا وصل من وصل من السلف الصالحين إلا بالإخلاص للإخلاص لله رب العالمين يقوط رحمه الله ومعقد في هذه القرارات وهذا هو الثاني يتحدث عن إخلاص سنية فيه سنصرية لذلك الثلاثة نتحدث عن المساعدة ومساعدة المساعدة هذا هو المكان where you want to put knowledge in وهذا هو المساعدك وما you need to do is you need to clean the heart يجب أن you get rid of everything وما يجب أن you need to clean it from it is نجاسة الشبوهات والشهوات دوطs and desires now the author starts with the first thing which you need to place in your heart now it's a clean heart it's a pure heart it's a cleansed heart let the first thing you place in your heart be الإخلاص of sincerity وإخلاص is what he mentioned in the previous chapter with this when he said it in one line of poetry إخلاصنا لله صف القلب من إرادة سواه فحدر يا فطن إخلاصنا لله صف القلب من إرادة سواه فحدر يا فطن you clean it إخلاصنا is what إخلاصنا لله صف القلب clean the heart which you already did and then what you place in your heart is what intending it for Allah alone a clean heart with a good intention is what sincerity is so you want to we said yesterday you want to drink a cup you pour out everything that's in there you clean that cup once it's clean then you pour something in there then and only then will the taste be correct you be tasting the right flavor and that's what the heart is so what we did we say what's the reality of إخلاص number one is تصفير للقلب cleansing the heart and we said what do you have to clean from it الشاهوات and شبوهات both of those are what you have to clean from it and then the second one is the second thing is connecting this heart to Allah سبحانه وتعالى now it is what you have to place in your heart let nothing else preoccupy your heart don't do it so you want to gain praise from the people you want to gain a worldly gain and I said all of that is summarized in that line of poetry which I mentioned the author of the رحمه الله he says إن إخلاص الأعمال أساس قبولها وسلم وصولها إخلاص is the foundation it's the assas assas means the foundation of any action being accepted from a person sincerity is the foundation for it in other words الله does not accept an action that is not done with sincerity وسلم وصولها and it is the ladder it's not just a foundation but it's also the ladder to reach Allah سبحانه وتعالى reaching and attaining that particular action and really getting the reward for it the ladder for it the foundation for it it's sincerity and then the author brings قوله تعالى the statement of Allah وما أميروا الله says I have not commanded them this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is وما أميروا إلا ليعبد الله مخلصين له الدينة أي العبادة the religion حلفا ويسموح جباريا ستلي حلفا means الميل على الشرك حلفا means is to divert from shirk and it's to divert toward تحيد then he author رحمه الله بروت الامام البخاري الصحيح and he named it he says وقال البخاري والامام البخاري سالح في الجامع المسنة الصحيحة وهناك جامع المسنة الصحيحة ومسلم ومسلم في المسنة الصحيحة والله فضول البقاري وذلك هذه أولاً أكبر أكبر من الذي أكبر من أكبر من الناس انه يقول حدث انه عبد الله بن مسلمة عبد الله بن مسلمة هي از القعنبي عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي از شيخه الامام البخاريه از تتيجه او الامام البخاريه از اصد تتيجه افه الامام المسلم قاله سن اخبرنا ان عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي از from the الروات who narrated the mu'aqa في الممالك رحمه الله عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي he narrated from الامام ممالك رحمه الله he narrated from him his mu'aqa but it's not very famous as much as the narration of يحيا ابن يحيا الليثي is the Rewire of Mu'aqa Imam Malik that became very famous and it really became very famous because the people from Maghrib, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria let's call Maghrib we call them North Africa right? they've accepted the Rewire of يحيا ابن يحيا الليثي and of course they say the reason is because that was the final edited version of Imam Malik's Mu'aqa not to mention the Imam ابن عبد البر in his Kitab and also his other Kitab and his Tidqar both of them are Shahrah of Mu'aqa Imam Malik but each one's one is relying on the Marfu'at and one is dealing with the Mu'aqoufat and we're going to study what that means insha'Allah today so عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي بخاري سين حدثنا عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي which is the Sheikh قال اخبرنا مالك مالك هي ميزول مالك ابنه انا سلمة مالك the great Imam عن يحيا ابن سعيد الانصاري عن محمد ابن إبراهيم التيمي عن علقامة ابن وقاس الليثي عمر رضي الله عنه ابن حدر brains that there's a khilaf whether the alqama is a sahabi or not اخطولي فا is differed upon whether he's a sahabi so if he's a sahabi then the hadith has too many he has two sahabes علقامة and عمر and this narration of عمر he narrated it on the pulpit and it's a jeeb no one else narrated it from him even though he narrated it on the pulpit except alqama أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال that the messenger said العمال بنية ولكل مري إمانوه that actions are what is intended by it إبلا الدقيق العيد النشارح of this hadith he mentions that that العمال بنية which is the one here that the author chose ولكل مري إمانوه are not the same meaning some people think that it's a repetition of what was already mentioned العمال بنية actions are what is intended by it ولكل مري إمانوه and everybody is rewarded in accordance to their intention that's what the second part means so it's not a repetition so every single action that you come with is what you intended from it and then the reward is going to be based upon that intention so me and you can take a flight today we could travel to Saudi Arabia to Makkah I might be going there for a wedding and I want to get married to a woman and you might be going there for عمرة وطلب العلم and seek knowledge we're both in the same flight we both booked it from the same agency we both are sitting shoulder to shoulder we both land at the same time we both reside in the same hotel everything from the apparent were the same but one person's reward is high above and another person's reward is not there what is it that changed the two انية intention two people are praying at the front line one is rewarded and the other one is not rewarded what is it that's making them two different the intention so seeking knowledge this is what a person needs to observe it's not to observe your outer appearance and it is not to observe your actions merely is what is needed from you is to observe your intention and what's in it that's when the author then says وَمَا سَبَقَ مَا سَبَقَ وَلَا وَصَلَ مَا وَصَلَ he did not go forward the one who went forward سبقة means proceeded وَلَا وَصَلَ مَا وَصَلَ and the one who reached did not reach من السلف الصالحين from the pious predecessor إلا بالإخلاص except with sincerity those you're seeing today it's narrated that ر больше الله inquire of didn't pass that uma بيكتفرت صلاة وصيام وزكات وصوم They say that Abu Bakr did not pass the people because of extra fasting he came with Extra زكات that he did Extra عمر that he did Some of the scholars say that But he passed them because of his heart He passed them because of his heart وليدان كده بس صلى الله عليه وسلم What did he say? What did the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم say? He said لا تصبو أصحابي Do not insult my companions Why? فلو أنفق أحدهم فلو أنفق أحدهم If one of you Was to give مثل أحد ينهب The mountain of Uhud of gold In quantity You came and you brought forward زكا صدقة That's the Sadaqa that you gave Is the mountain of Uhud Have you guys seen how big the mountain of Uhud is? You brought forward The mountain of Uhud of gold This will be nothing close to a hand Two palms together of Barley or wheat In which a companion brought forward Now look at the quantity And the amount, who's more? The one that brought the mountain of Uhud The Sahabas only brought what? Just the one handful Bring your hair Are you with me brothers? How did they pass? And they're giving it They're giving it from what? From a heart Different from these people, صح? So this is where it is That everybody passes each other We on the other hand We judge the people based on what? We judge the people based on the action When the Prophet ﷺ said يؤتب الرجل السمين البدين The day of judgment A man who is big Chubby Is going to be brought And he's going to be placed on the scale He will not weigh the wing of mosquito Nothing He's with me brothers This man is big He's heavy Look how many meat is on him But after that he weighs nothing The reason why he doesn't weigh anything is because It's the heart And we mentioned the Hadith of Abu Huraira إن الله لا ينظرو إلى صوركم ولا إلى أموالكم ولا ينظرو إلى قلوبكم وعمالكم إن الله لا ينظرو إلى رقمكم فلا ينظرو إلى قلوبكم وراء الله إن ينظر إلى شخص يتعالى ينظر إلىًها ويأخذون Then the author said قال قال أبو بك المروذين سمعت رجلاً يقول لي أبي عبد الله عني أحمد بن حمبل وذكر له الصدق والإخلاص وقال أبو عبد الله بهذا رتفع القوم Then the author brought the statement أبو بكر المروذيه his name is أحمد his name is أبو بكر المروذيه his name is أحمد ابن محمد ابن الحجاج أحمد ابن محمد الحجاج that he was he took from أحمد directly and he is from the elite students of أحمد and from him took أبو بكر الخلال أبو بكر الخلال took from him directly he died a year 275 he died a year 275 يمكنك أن تقوم بكتب العربية لكي تقوم بكتب الكتاب الوراح الكتاب الوراح انه جميل أن تقوم بكتب الكتاب الوراح الممارسة التي تقوله في خصاله ابن عبدالله ابن حمد العصيم حفظه الله سمعته قال ابو بكر المرودي سمعت رجونا آيهاد أيمان يقول لأبي عبدالله سأبو بكر المرودي سين آيهاد أيمان سيتو أبي عبدالله و يفعله أنه أحمد ابن حمبل now if you guys have the copy of the book did the sheikh write Ahmad ibn did he write an elif on the ibn he did write he did is that what he says for everybody's copy yeah he wrote the elif of wasli yours doesn't say it yours doesn't say it this is an issue now we need to talk about this issue of Ahmad ibn elif writing it many people always have issues of it the original copy of the book the author this is the one أخونا شيخ ياسين has is the one that the author wrote and he wrote elif there the علماء they differ amongst themselves in the writing of the elif there's an elfiya written by ابن مرطي and it was an elfiya before ابن ماليك ابن ماليك wrote a thousand lines in نحو and صرف and before he came a man by the name of ابن مرطي he wrote also an elfiya are you with me are you with me brothers and ابن ماليك praised him but he said my book is better he says وهو بسبق حائز تفضيلة مستوجب انثنائية الجميلة والله أرجو بهبات وفرا لي و له في درجات الآخرة ابن ماليك says he's only better than me because he preceded me he's only before me and this is a virtue itself a subway is a virtue and so I asked for Allah and him but it's funny because جلال الدين السيوطي came and he wrote a thousand lines in نحو he also called it الأشبه و النضائر he called it in grammar he has one in أصول الفق and he has one in نحو he called it الأشبه و النضائر he says معه was better than ابن ماليك صح he's only better than me because he preceded me that's what he said سيوطي سلي على كل حال ابن معطي he mentions in the line of his ألفية he says وصفا حدف كحد في تنوين كزيد ابن خالف and that is if a ألف today I'm very slow the way I'm talking right so you guys can write note it down nothing passes you if pay attention I'm going to ask you guys later the ألف ألف الوصلي which the author wrote down here if it falls between two names two عالم I'm a two wasp two descriptions which are two names he says وَأَلِفُبْنِنْ وَبْنَتِنْ the alif of ابن and ابنة a woman وصفا حدف it's removed because it's a description between two names it's like كحد في تنوين it's like the removing of a تنوين between two names like you can't say مسلم ابن حجاج you can't say that you can't put if you're going to bring his second name are you with me brothers one more time you are not allowed to write the alif if you're bringing two names two names in between two names you can't bring an alif just like you're not allowed to be تنوين between two names are you with me brothers but شيخ صالح ابن عبدالله ابنة حمد العصيم is taking an opinion that says with the condition ابن مرطي I can't believe that condition but شيخ صالح العصيم believes that condition which is with the condition that the first and the second name are his name and his father's name and حمد is not امام احمد's father's name his father's name is محمد so his name is احمد ابن محمد ابن محمد are you with me so for him the condition is absent which is the two names has to be his name and his father's name his name and his father's name and since امام احمد حمد is not his father's name حمد is whose name his grandfather's name so the is brought and it's placed there are you with me brothers underline that point that's a benefit that you can use when you're writing a lot of people fall short in this issue of when it comes to so he says does everybody understand that he says أبو بكر أبو بكر said ألم الرودي سبيعط رجولا I had a man يقول لأبي عبدالله saying to عبي عبدالله يعني أحمد ابن حمد so the copies that don't have the they're taking the opinion of what those who are saying as long as it's between two names regardless of whether it's his name or whether it's his granddad's name is it between two names is it a description both of these names are describing him so they say حودف is removed that's the call of ابن معطي right so both copies are like that وذاكر له السطق والإخلاص with him pay attention ألمام أحمد in his gathering a man said to him أبو بكر المرودي was sitting there and he heard a man come to أمام أحمد and he told him about sincerity and he told him about سطق now سطق and إخلاص there are two names and إخلاص means sincerity in what you do to Allah for Allah this is إخلاص إخلاص means what when you're doing something for Allah you do it for him alone so you don't associate anyone with this action for Allah سطق on the other on the other hand is that this action that you're doing you do not associate that action with another action does that make sense you're sincere to the action and the other one is you're sincere for the one you're doing the action for sincerity means إخلاص means sincerity for the one you're doing the action for that's إخلاص and سطق means that you're truthful to the action that you do this action for example when you're seeking knowledge how do you seek knowledge I have nothing else in my heart I don't want anything I'm not doing it for any other motive to share with knowledge I'm doing it knowledge for it for knowledge alone does that make sense and the other one إخلاص which is that I'm doing this for Allah alone so those two were mentioned to Imam أحمد فقال أبو عبد الله أحمد سيد رحمه الله بهذا ارتفع عال قوموا because of that they were raised عال قوموا means what الرعيل الأول the early generation they were raised because of that أقول الله تعالى وإنما ينال المرء العلم على قدر إخلاصه والإخلاص في العلم يقول يقوم على 4 وصول بها تتحقق نية العلم المتعلم بها تتحقق نية العلم المتعلم يلاقفو ذها الأول الأول رفع الجهل عن نفسه بتعريفها بتعريفها ما عليها من العبود من العبوديات وإقافها على مقاصة الأمر والنهي الثاني رفع الجهل عن الخلق بتعليمهم ورشادهم لما فيه صلاح دين دنياهم وأخرت لما فيه صلاح دنياهم وأخرتهم أثالة إحياء الإحياء العلم وحفظه من الضياء الرابع العمل بالعن فالعلم الشجرة والعمل ثمرة وإنما يراد العلم للعمل العلم الشجرة will attain knowledge على قدر إخلاصه in accordance to his sincerity you will attain you will gain you will gain knowledge in accordance to what in accordance to your sincerity and how sincere you are if a person is not sincere then they don't attain any form of knowledge وليذلك كانت تكلمة عبد الله وقال he said he said this statement which is a person attains knowledge and gains knowledge in accordance to his intention a person attains and he gains knowledge in accordance to his intentions when you come with sincerity and you purify your heart knowledge starts to go in انتز your heart


Welcome! This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh and I'm extending the Memorial Day specials through this Sunday, June 2nd. Give people some time to get in and think about what they want to do, whether they want to day trade, learn the system, or just do options. So let's go over the specials through June 2nd. If you have any questions you can email me at Melissa at thestockswoosh.com or call me at 929-3200GAP. And you can follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, or Skype. So summer is here. Summer is here in New York. It's a great time to trade for a living because the weather is fabulous in the afternoon. Most of the days right now it's boring. But you know it's one of those times of the year where it's definitely a lot more fun to be outside in the afternoon in the evening than it is to be trapped at a desk or in an office all day. So I flock us on GAPs and the GAPs are mostly in the mornings. I clipped a chart here of the spy. Mark has been very volatile during the month of May. You can see the drop-off here. This was the beginning of May. Again we're looking at the spy and you can see the drop-off here and we'll have to see where we go really from here between now and the first beginnings part of June. So it'll be very very interesting. Last day of the month is tomorrow. For now we've just been playing it as we come and see what happens. But if you're thinking about trading for a living and doing this for a career it's a good time to start because the market has been volatile and that volatility allows for momentum and big moves and stocks in the market. And as a trader whether you're full-time or part-time you can take advantage of that if you get it in the right direction which is either going long, something that's rallying or shorting something that's falling. When you're shorting a stock, I'll have to do a video on this at some point, but just so you know when you're shorting a stock it's like you're betting that the stock price is going to drop. So it's falling and you are say shorted at $5.00 if it drops to four you would make what a buck. So if you had a thousand shares you'd make what a thousand dollars. So you can make money even if the market's falling because you can short stocks. And I say to people make money doing it all. Make money doing options, make money doing the day trades. It's the same system and no matter what you do it's my golden gap system and that is what I teach in the golden gap course. So this is a two-day course. The next class is June 8th and 9th. The class is something I teach once a month from 9 to 5 p.m. Eastern time. Class of the class is $59.99 and this is where you learn the meat and potatoes of my system, okay? It's really about doing gaps, making money, trading momentum, picking the best pick per day and getting at the exact right time in the exact moment. Ultimately if you're thinking about doing this because you want to work for yourself or you want to increase your finances and you just want to save extra money and you've got the time to do it, again you can learn my method from meat and you can apply it for day trading, active day trading or options trading. So the Memorial Day specials are as follows. The gap options newsletter through 8.31.19 for $19.99. The gap options newsletter through 12.31.19 for $39.99. That's $3,999 and $1,999 for the summer special. If you are a student you can sign up for the room which is normally $400 a month for $1,000 so this is Golden Gap Course students only, 8.31 through 19. You'd have the room for the summer and then the big special is the Golden Gap Course, Gap Options newsletter and trading room, the trading room and the newsletter free through 8.31 and then you pay for the class. So it's one price for the class. You don't have to pay extra for the newsletter in the trading room. So it's $59.99 which is the normal price of the class. You get all the options trades and day trades free through August 31st. Sale ends for this June 2nd. Okay so it is very important if you want to jump in, get started, learn now before the next starting season starts which is the next busy time. I say again learn it all. Learn the options, learn the day trades but more importantly learn the system. The system tells you which stock is going to work. It tells you what to focus on. It tells you the setups, the targets, what you're looking for, the support, the resistance. It tells you whether to go long or short. It tells you what stock to watch each day. It is all about the pick. I'm very good at reading the market specifically because of the way that I rate gaps and if you need the market for your moves or your long-term investments even if you want to look at something you have to know how to read the market correctly and really it is all in the gap. So the class I teach is called the Golden Gap Course. One strategy that's it. That is all that I do. That is all that I've done for the last 11 years. The class is the Golden Gap Course. June 8th and 9th. 9 to 5 Eastern Time. Cost of the class is $59.99 US dollars. Class is online. It can be anywhere in the world and take it. Email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com if you want to sign up. Do not miss out on this class. It is going to be a great summer. It was a great May. It was a fantastic month for options and the day trades and I'm looking to continue that. I'm extremely focused right now and I will be going forward the remainder of 2019. Email me if you have any questions. Melissa at thestockswish.com and don't miss out on these Memorial Day specials. Once Sunday's up, they will be over. Thanks everybody. Have a great day.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let's discuss the following question. It says solve the following system of inequalities graphically. So let's move on to the solution. The first inequality given to us is x plus y less than equal to 9 and its corresponding equation of line is x plus y is equal to 9. And to draw this line we need to have two points. So if y is 0 then x is equal to 9 and if x is 0 then y is equal to 9. So we need to plot the points 9 0 and 0 9 to draw the line x plus y is equal to 9. Let's now draw the line x plus y is equal to 9. Now when x is 0 y is 9. So it is this point and when y is 0 x is 9 so it is this point. Now we join these two points to get the required line. Now we have to shape the region representing the inequality x plus y less than equal to 9. For that we take any point not line on the line x plus y is equal to 9 and we'll check whether that point satisfies this inequality or not. If that point satisfies this inequality we'll shape the region which contains that point and if that point doesn't satisfy this inequality we'll shape the region which doesn't contain that point. And we take that point as 0 0. So if x is 0 and y is 0 then the inequality becomes 0 plus 0 is less than equal to 9 which is true. That is 0 is less than equal to 9 is true. That means the point 0 0 satisfies the inequality x plus y less than 9. So for the inequality x plus y less than equal to 9 we'll shape the region which contains the point 0 0. Now this is the line x plus y is equal to 9. Now we shape the region which contains the point 0 0 for the inequality x plus y less than equal to 9. So this is the region which contains the point 0 0 here is 0. So let's now shape this region. Now since the inequality contains the sign less than equal to we darken this line which shows that this line is included in the solution region. Now the second inequality given to us is y greater than x. And the corresponding equation of line is y is equal to x. So if x is 0 then y is 0. If x is 1 then y is 1. So let's now draw the line y is equal to x. y is equal to x is the line passing through the origin and where y is equal to x. So it is this line if x is 1 then y is 1. If x is 0 then y is 0. So it is this line. Now we have to identify the region for the inequality y greater than x. For that we take any point not lying on the line y is equal to x. This is the line y is equal to x and we have to take any point not lying on this line. Now we see that the point 1 2 does not lie on the line y is equal to x. So we take the point as 1 2 and we will check if this point satisfies this inequality we will shape the region which contains this point. Now if x is 1 y is 2 then the inequality is 2 greater than 1 which is true that means the point 1 2 satisfies the inequality y greater than x. So we will shape the region for the inequality y greater than x which contains the point 1 2 to shape the region for the inequality y greater than x which contains the point 1 2 this is the point 1 2 and we have to shape the region which contains this point. So this is the region which contains this point so we will shape this region. So we have shaded the region for the inequality y greater than x and in this the line y is equal to x is not included because the inequality does not contain the sign of equality. Now the third inequality given to us is x greater than equal to 0 and corresponding equation of line is x is equal to 0. Now we know that the y axis is the line x is equal to 0. So this is the line y axis is the line x is equal to 0. Now we know that to the right side of y axis all the x are greater than 0 and to the left side of y axis all the x are less than 0. So we shape the region to the right side of y axis because we have to shape the region for the inequality x greater than equal to 0. So it would be this region now since the inequality contains the sign greater than equal to we need to map in the line x is equal to 0 which shows that the line x is equal to 0 is included in the solution region. Now the region in black is common to all the three regions as it is the required solution region for the system of inequalities 1, 2 and 3. So this completes the question. Bye for now take care have a good day.


This is Brett with Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this brand new 2020 RAM 1500. The new model year is here and this is one of our first 2020 RAMs that we've gotten on a lot. So I always like to do a walk around of the new model year to see if there are any changes to go over the options and get a good idea of the styling cues on the new vehicles. This is a 1500 crew cab five foot seven inch short box with the big horn level two package. And from this HD video you should be able to get a good idea of the overall styling on the vehicle and then we get up close and go over the particular options on this exact truck. In case you are interested in this exact truck you can get a good idea of the options. You'll notice that this one comes with the 20 inch alloy rims with the chrome covers and it has Nexon Rodeon 275 55 R20 tires. Get a good idea of the tread pattern there. Diamond black is the color on this truck. I really like diamond black. It's not a flat black. It's got a little bit of metal flake in it but it's subtle and you really can't see the metal flake until the sun hits it just right. It has the built in front bumper parking sensors, factory fog lights, the RAM stamped grill and of course the sun is going to go away here for a second so you can't see the metal flake but hopefully when we get to the back it comes back out. Built in directional signals in those mirrors and down the side of the truck there hasn't been a lot of changes on the 2020 RAMs from 2019 when they redid the body style. What makes these RAMs ride so good is the rear coil springs so when the vehicle is empty you get a nice smooth ride and you can take a look at the underbody. It has the RAM bins in there. We always like doing the videos here so that if you want to watch them get a good idea of the vehicles we always like to be one of the first to have out the videos to inform our customers of any changes. It has the backup camera, the shock down assist tailgate. It's always cool to see them with no scratches or scuffs in the best. You can see a little bit of that metal flake in the paint. It has the RAM logo on the back, the 4x4. You get the dual rear exhaust with the hemi. The towing package is going to be on most of the ones with the hemi and the 4 pin and 7 pin wiring. The sun's coming out just a little bit more so you can see a little bit more of that metal flake. Here we go. It's got a little bit of a shimmer to it. The other thing I like about the new body style on the RAMs is the capitalist fuel fill. If you've never used it, it's a really nice feature. This one has the heated power folding mirrors with the built in directional signals, driver's side and passenger side blind spot mirrors.  Same design as last year. Power driver's seat, lumbar, both of these front seats are heated. Factory floor mats, of course. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors. You get the wood grain trim on the doors with the silver accents. The power folding mirrors, like so. Auto headlamps, power pedals. You get the tilt and telescopic steering wheel, which was new for the new body style. Never were able to telescope it before. This one has the 7 inch LCD display. You get an outside temperature compass display, digital speedometer, information center, trip meter, you got the radio there, messages. Like I said, digital speedometer. You can do the vehicle info right here. You got engine hours, tire pressure, coolant, trans, oil temp, oil pressure, oil life, and battery voltage. A lot of cool stuff there. It has the heated leather wrap steering wheel. You get cruise controls on the right, gear selector on the left, information center controls, Bluetooth audio controls, radio controls on the back. Speaking of that radio, you get the 8.4C radio, which means that you get AM, FM, and Serious XM radio capabilities. This one also has an Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities. You get the wood grain trim up here as well. And let's see here, you got your climate control, which you can do as well. Then you can do your heated seats and heated steering wheel button, mirror dimmer, and check out your backup camera, which is a high definition backup camera on this vehicle. And then you can set it up to your phone and all that good stuff. Push button start. It has the turn dial 8-speed automatic transmission, the push button 4-wheel drive and neutral feature. You can do your heated seats and climate controls on the more tactile buttons down here.  You can turn those off. Has dual glove box right there. Passenger seat and floor mat are very clean. Side current airbags. The headliner is very clean, which you'd expect on a brand new truck. Home link buttons for your garage door security system. The lighting systems, you get your map lights up there, and then your power sliding rear window button is located right there as well. 40-20-40 split bench seating. On these seats you have a remote start on the key fob. This is what the key fobs look like. They're really heavy duty. Nice storage compartment underneath here. The armrest comes down like so. You get two cup holders, and then more storage right there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. We can take a quick look under the hood too. I do have the original window sticker back here, so if you wanted to pause the video and check that out, feel free to check out all the options that the manufacturer lists, as well as the crash ratings, which are very good on here. 5-star overall vehicle score doesn't get better than that. And then your mileage expectancies there. Power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost. Latch child safety system. These seats fold up, and you have a very nice flat floor back here, which is nice if you've got pets or if you've got a haul of a bunch of stuff. And it does have two USBs, two USB-Cs, and then a 115-volt 400-watt plug-in back here. You do still get the RAM bins underneath the floor mat. These bins do come out for easy cleaning, so you can put ice and drinks or whatever you may want to haul in there. Not limited to ice and drinks. You do get shirt or hanger holders, I should say, on the back there. And the styling on the doors is a lot like the front. You do have the child safety locks in the doors there as well. Bed rail covers on all the RAM 1500s. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully you learned a little bit about the RAM, the 2020 RAM. Got to check it out. We do videos like this all the time, so remember to subscribe to our channel. It's the 5.7-liter V8 Hemi motor with the MDS. This one does not have the e-torque. If it did, it'd have a big metal thing right there. That's how you can tell if it has the e-torque. But this one is just the 5.7 with the MDS. So that's an option for 2020 so far. And to see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, you name it, we got it. Go to our website, www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, in a second, you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more new inventory videos like this one on your right. And if you haven't been to our website on the bottom, a link to this vehicle on our website, click those, check us out. And we're really excited to offer the 2020 Ram 1500, and especially this Crew Cab Short Box Big Horn Level 2. Thanks again.


According to American Singer Chair, women are the real architects of the society. It's all women today on The Advocate. I will be talking about validation today. Who do we entrust with validating us? Friends or family members? Making a debut is Titi Ibilola and she's here to educate us on financial literacy. Titi Lope Aue speaks on post-nuptial agreements and finally, Ennitor wants to clear the air on the differences between entrepreneurship and employment. Sit back. Your panelists are here to discuss the issues in an atmosphere of laughter and seriousness. Stay with us. Validation. Who should validate us? Let's discuss validation. This strange question came to my mind. Who should we entrust with validating us? Should it be ourselves, our spouses, our friends or our family or maybe even random strangers? Validation in this concept is the act of receiving commendation or approval or even praises for who we are or what we have done. Validation is critical to us all as human as it reaffirms our confidence and strengthens us to keep on going. Validation can come in form of people, make it a call to encourage you or to tell you bravo, you are good enough or when someone says words that put you in a better place and makes you want to strive for better. Everyone wants to be validated. Everybody needs to be validated. Validation can make you see yourself in a different light. It makes you believe you can do anything, gives you superpowers or at least a sense of one. Validation gives us the courage to tap into a part of ourselves that we do not know existed. When validated, we feel accepted, respected, wanted and loved. In the pursuit for validation, we must be very wary of whom we give this sensitive responsibility to. This is because the person that has the power to validate you also has the power to tear your self-esteem into shreds at the slightest provocation. Just a short while ago, I put out a poll asking the question who is responsible for validating us. The response was quite diverse with some noting that our family is responsible for validating us because they know us very well. Some said friends because they are always with us. They must be able to encourage us and push us further and continue to chair us on. Others selected the spouse option, noting that after all, we are going to be together forever. So they must encourage one another to succeed. It is their responsibility to validate you at every turn. A few responses selected the self-option, i.e. self-validation. They noted that one must be able to look into the mirror and validate oneself. They argued that this will make you less dependent on others and what they think about you. So what is my opinion on this matter? After all, it's an opinion piece. Personally, I believe that all of these people should validate us, at least to an extent. However, I strongly align with self-validation. It is our responsibilities to validate ourselves. Indeed, you must be able to look in the mirror and chair yourself up. Something very similar to what Isarei of the TV series, Insecure does. My position is premised on the fact that every other person is human and does imperfect. On some days, when they are feeling bad or gray, they can hurt you. They can hurt your self-esteem. This is because they understand and they know your insecurities. So while our family, friends, spouses, and random strangers can validate us, we must strive for self-validation. I wonder why I took a deep breath. But I honestly, I guess the whole opinion piece kind of threw me back a bit in the sense that I didn't see it coming. Yes, I know. But at the same time, I strongly would say I agree with you about self-validation. I align with the principle of self-validation. But one thing I have seen with principles around self-validation, your own perception, and everything is that we're tending to become slightly self-centered. So it's almost like, if I've already told myself I'm good enough, if I've told myself that I'm great enough, if I've validated my sense of being and importance, then what you or you actually come to the table to say to me, can we put to the backbone? But personally, naturally, my first option would be self-validation because like you rightly said, if somebody else validates you, and that's your strongest source of validation, they have the same power to tear you down. And I mean, I can say that from personal experience because for a long time I had a best friend who was like my, that was leader. And the person hasn't torn me down per se, but I realized that the dependence on other people's validation was a tad bit too much. I don't know what your experience has been like. I strongly agree with self-validation. I recently just had to tell someone something like, I see her, she has a drive to succeed, but she's always listening to what people have to say. I watch her, like my sister would call it, exactly. And I had to tell her and I said, you have to think, what do I want? Where should I be right now? Then work towards it. Don't concern yourself too much with what others think because that will slow your own progress down because they're living their lives. And this is a true life situation. She's a makeup artist. Someone advised her that leave this makeup and go into influencing. And then she decided that, okay, I'll do that. And then she abandoned makeup and went into influencing. Six months down the line, that person is still in makeup. Oh my goodness. She's struggling with influencing. Now she wants to go back to makeup.  You need to validate yourself and know where you want to be. I don't know. Titi, do you watch your thoughts on this whole self-validation or non-self-validation? I agree with your self-validation first. However, have your ears out for loved ones to see whether they can also keep you in check where you feel like you're going out of line. But the most important is how you feel about yourself, your self-esteem. You analyze yourself and process yourself first before carrying other people out. So that way, whatever information you are being passed is just coming as an add-on as opposed to changing the whole way you feel about yourself. So self-validation definitely. Well, let me chip it. Let's look at it from this angle. Okay, so I have two daughters. I have this vocational 12-year-old self-independent, a leader type, a personality all the way, cleric all the way. Okay, then I have another daughter who is quite melancholy. And you have to push her. And when I close my eyes to say prayer, I keep saying, God, help Titi believe in herself. Help Titi know that Titi, because what I now did was I printed so many self-validation words. I'm a type of a personality, so I validate myself. I don't need nobody. So imagine suddenly this is my seven-year-old. She'll say, I can't do it. And I'm like, so I just printed like 10 different self-validation quotes. Tissier can, so she does. Tissier believes, Tissier achieves. How do you get children to actually understand that they need to imbibe self-validation, particularly when it doesn't come to them naturally? See, I think that, I mean, as a mom, and because I have kind of related with you before now and again, I almost think that with the two personalities, I think we kind of, as parents, as mothers especially, we are kind of meant to guide them, lead them, and let them be the best specials themselves. Sometimes, as mothers, we want them to be, because it's really when we are full, full of people like us, we want them to be all up there, all everything, all the energy, let them bring the energy to the room, let them have my first interest in it. In my case, it's the opposite. My younger daughter is the one that is, oh my goodness, her type A is worse than mine and maybe yours. And sometimes, I'm thinking like, really? She's my first time to reach out. No, no, no, we have to learn that.  Like, she's so all out. And her older sister is so, she's, yes, there too, but she's so timid about, and she doesn't want to fail at anything. True. She steps back from even going forward and says, I can't do that. And we're like, no, you can't. You can't. But all that I have learned to be able to maybe answer this query that you kind of brought up about, you know, people, children who maybe don't exhibit the self-validation that we full force people do exhibit, might be to actually just allow them to bloom in their own time while putting their hand behind. Well, sometimes waving a bit too much for them. True, right? Well, sometimes too strong for them. I also think we, if you affirm them more. True. She does something small and you celebrate it.  She then builds confidence in herself. Yes, but then it comes up. No wonder we're learning now to swim. Pamela, of course, she's an award-winning swimmer, you know. And Tisha for me went, well, went to the same swimming school. And we said, Tisha, you're six. I believe that by six everybody's ready to go. Now start your swimming classes. She did learn to swim in five lessons. But Tisha will never go the full length. She said, Moby, see, I can't swim. And she got this way. And I'm like, my money is not vertical. You know, so I just keep saying to say, Tisha can do it. So she does. Tisha can do it. So she does. So truly, not everybody is self-independent and self-validate as we are. But at the end of the day, it's important, it's pertinent that you must remember that if you put that responsibility in the hand of somebody else, you have also given them the authority to shred yourself and sing at every given time. Financial literacy. We're all taught how to earn a living. We go to school and get degrees for careers that are expected to equip us with the potential to earn money. We get jobs where we earn millions of Naira, but we're not taught how to manage or keep the money that we make. We're not taught budgeting, saving or financial planning. We're not taught how to invest or attain financial freedom.  Financial knowledge is so important that it should be taught in primary school to everyone. This omission is the reason why people struggle so hard trying to make money and sometimes end up in debt. Why people with well-paying jobs end up in debt? Why people end up in debt? Why lots of people end up in debt? Money. We're not taught that there's an abundance of money or that money can be made anywhere in the world. That we only need to focus on creating value because money can be exchanged for value. Discipline. Financial discipline is a must for anyone who wants financial freedom. You must discipline your mind to see money as a means to an end and not an end in itself. Financial discipline is a choice that every adult must make if they aim to attain financial freedom. Discipline is why it's easy for one person to save money diligently every month and another person will spend their entire month's salary in two weeks. Discipline is a habit that can be learned. Robin Sharma says new habits become old habits when you do them every day. Budgeting. A budget is a plan prepared before income is earned. It details exactly where the earnings will go. A budget will help you determine if you will have enough money to spend in a month. A budget helps you to balance your expenses with your earnings. It helps you identify gaps and surpluses so you can adjust your plans when required. If they don't balance and you spend more than you make, you will have a problem that can lead to debts. Budgets are not only useful when you have debts. If you utilize properly, a budget can help you put aside a healthy emergency fund for the rainy day. Savings. Savings refer to money that is set aside from earnings to be used at a later date. Savings is a deliberate act. It should happen whenever you earn an income and this does not apply to only salary earners. Setting money aside in a savings account or an emergency fund can be a lifesaver and the lack of savings can rob you of the ability to make decisions that can improve your life. The reason why most people have issues with saving a portion of their income is that they believe their income is not sufficient for their needs. The truth is that no matter how much you earn, your needs will keep rising to meet your earnings. Financial literacy is needed by everyone. And you decided to break the table. You smashed it, you broke it. Interesting that we're discussing this. I remember that personally for me, a few years ago it was a major struggle. Let me pretend that it was because you know how we speak positive these days but I really truly like the idea that this is something that you're talking about because I remember that back then I kept on asking questions that who will teach me how to really make money, keep money, save money, build a lifestyle that I really wanted and that quest got me engaging a financial advisor and saying again what do I do? How do I actually plan okay so this is my monthly income and everything but there was something you said about how we're not taught and I remember that my layman's space, I remember I hated accounting as a subject in secondary school. Like I just thought to myself that it was evil. That maybe we actually might have been taught in some way but the presentation of it was as a subject to be passed and not as a way to save our lives. I don't know but then I mean it's sad that as an adult I have to come back to that same space that I really hated and I ran from considering that my mom was an accountant. But I must applaud you TT. Why would I do that? Because I'm an accountant and I belong to several accounting institutions but it didn't occur to me to actually come out and start advocating for the financial literacy. On that table, I'm not on that table, I'm an avid saver, I invest, the last time I had an emergency I realized that I had over 15 different investments and I liquidated it and I was more than you know buoyant but I'm an author of children picture story books and I have two books of financial literacy for children because I personally believe that if you want to breed responsible adults, I'm sorry well my colleague is not, my colleague doesn't, is not the channel to adults. I breed younger children, everything I know I point into my children, everything I know that makes me who I am, I point into children around me. So to that extent my children are savvy and they understand that saving is critical, investment is the next level to saving, they understand that you can't just be spend at the spot of the moment. So for me, I will line with you and I'll say forget second school accounting, at that age, you're not a stock trader right? Catch them you want, take them about money at that level, I'll break it down. Yes I completely agree, I was just going to say that I have two kids, one is six and one is three and as little as they are they have their piggy bank so every time someone gives them any catch, they know that oh that money is going straight into their piggy bank and so on, was it yesterday? I needed cash, I didn't have any cash I went to give them money. Mommy, mommy, mommy, we didn't have any money. Can I say it to her? Make sure you pay back the interest. Two thousand five hundred Naira from me and she goes yes mommy, you're going to pay but you're going to pay with some more money or anything like that. Oh girl. So it's very important that they understand money from a very young age, they know that you don't spend as you receive, they know that you save, they know that you can even make money from having money, so it's really really important at a very very young age. That's true. And I remember when we got married, one of the things that shocked myself and my husband that we suddenly realized that we had to pay bills. That's a rude shock for a lot of people. At the post, I had to call my parents and say daddy, mommy, yes, how did you know? You didn't explain to me that, you know, we're buying gas, we're paying electricity, we're doing this, but I'm not going to call this father daddy, how far now? What's going on in my head?  So I think they left it till too late. Yeah, we need to start it now. Should we need to start it from the grassroots? They need to understand. I was having a conversation with my son and he said, oh, mommy, I can't wait till I go to America and start to earn money.  There's exactly what he said. And I said, money is here in Nigeria. There's money in Togo. There's money all around us. You just have to find value, give people value, you will get money. There's no scarcity of money anywhere. Billionaires being made here. I just felt like, okay, I've left it a little too late. I need to start that right now. True, true. And I think one of my founding courses when I was doing my PhD, family wholeness and wellness, this professor came into class. I went to Bacock, so it was a Christian school, and he was talking about parenting. And I was like, oh really, let me listen about parenting. And one thing I took away from that, because I will never forget, I keep telling parents and mothers is that the professor said, for you to be a good parent, you must pour yourself into your child.  Oh, check my post. I have 2,000 naira. What do we want? Oh, we can't buy ice cream today. We have to buy yam in the house. Let us keep 2,000 naira. Okay, maybe we should just buy the small ice cream, 100 naira today. Next time, we can go to cold stone. Now my children will tell me, Mom, don't worry. We don't need 2,000 naira ice cream. Just buy fan ice cream. It's 200 naira. We'll go to the pharmacy and get it. So as parents, we must be conscious to ensure that we can actually carry our children along. We can pour ourselves into them. And of course, well, you have to have that financial habit before you can point it to the child now. Because if you don't do it, they would pick it up still. So be deliberate about it. Oh, true. When everything falls apart and they realize that, oh, they need to manage their finances better, then they will pick it up. Up next is Titi. Stay with us. Post-nuptial agreement. Ever wondered how assets are shared between couples in the event of a divorce or separation? Where parties have signed post-nuptial agreements? After being married for five years, Ada is making very good money from her several tech deals. She decides for the safety of her children that a post-nuptial agreement be entered into with her spouse. It's worthy to note that Ada is worth much more than her husband. However, her husband took an offense and stated she was already foreseeing an end to the marriage because she had started earning more money than him. Their parents condemned Ada for suggesting such an agreement, and this has caused a major rift between the couple. Ada is still adamant on the post-nuptial agreement. The post-nuptial agreement, also referred to as a post-marital agreement, is a legal document designed for couples who are married or in a civil union. Although similar to a pre-nuptial agreement, post-nuptial agreements are entered into after the marriage has commenced. It establishes how the couple's assets will be divided in the event of a divorce or legal separation, and the amount, if any, for a spouse or support that one spouse will pay to the other if the marriage ends. What should Ada do? There's something you are hiding. First of all, we have married the marriage already. We are in need five years inside it. You are now successful in your business. That success was the man not there. Behind every successful woman is a man. Now, if you want to safeguard your children, your faith that your children, very, very simple now. See, I was just talking about investments. The investments I was liquidating were not in my name now. As many as I give back to a child, I have three. I can't shout or more. Straight up, three investments in your name, your account is set up, your life insurance policy in your name is set up, and you're my next of kin. But for you to now come and tell your husband to come and sign paper now, right now. If he was the man that does it, we would do this. No, no, equity. No, sorry. I think that while that might be the natural, sometimes assumption, and maybe why the parents are talking, I think that at this point in time, before we look at blanket situations, the questions that I would personally look at and I would take in this situation would be to actually go be, leave the bill as an and I can sense that this conversation is coming from a legal standpoint. I will leave the bill and say to myself, what are the red flags or signals or signs or reasons behind the decision to have this agreement? So then my, let's ask ourselves, it's not, and I do not subscribe to behind every successful man or woman is the other person. The first person that is behind is yourself and then the university, your partner, whatever it is. So what I'm going to say here, right here is this. There is a reason to check what are the spending or financial habits of the other partner. And whether it was a man that came up with it or a woman that came up with it, any party is allowed. There's a freedom of decision with the fact that we're joined together doesn't mean that I should not be able to make decisions. And we are moving from my society where I mean, I don't know how to put it without going out of place, but what I'm trying to say here is that and that cannot be entirely said to be unclean for wanting to do that. But all I would then say is that in a situation where there's really no discord or there are no other things, maybe there's a possibility that she needs to look and say, okay, what kind of, I mean, what kind of planning or agreement or plans can we make? Because in the different definition given of a post-noctal agreement, it's in the event of a suppression or a divorce. And so that finality around it kind of puts a problem. But if there's another type of planning that can be done, and this is where I would now want to agree with Ejimai, in terms of, okay, what kind of investment or decisions or budgeting or planning can be done. But even at that, you still need to have the conversation with the other party and the person may not even, not every woman is an eight type person, unable to just make those decisions as to what to do with their money or how to invest it. And so if for any reason, hands are tied or something, please, Ada, go on, have that agreement. My question and my concern is how legal is this? Is this allowed by law? Very legal, yes, very legal. Yes, it's presented by two parties. If the husband agrees, if the husband agrees and they both decide to go ahead, then it is very legal. It's just like an actual agreement. So if she believes or she sees reasons that make her decide that, okay, just in case something happens, I want to be sure that these guys won't give me my money or vice versa. I don't think there's anything wrong with that. But what happens when they have to, like the question that she has, what happens is that? Oh yeah, so that's the point where she's at. I just want to now become the solution. I'm just sorry, not you. If I'm the one, I will say no. After we are married, then you now wake up and decide that, oh now I want to post-nuptialize you. No, it's not your money. It's your wife. I'm part of your life, I'm part of your work. The fact that you can go and make this money is not that you can't now exclude me from this. No, I think also there's a lot of entitlement that comes up in marriages, both on the side of men and women. No, I'm not saying we're not entitled and that's the honest truth, but I think that there's a lot of entitlement that sometimes comes in. What I think should go on here is proper communication around these things. Okay, so there needs to be the place of open, honest, hardcore conversations around why are we doing this, what is going on. And the fact that people say, it's not the women, it's just another, if I was there when you made your money. First, I'm not disagreeing, but if you were there when I was making my money, I need to ask and itemize what sacrifices particularly did you make in my life? Let me run that out. I would have crazy. My fair question is, even in all my marriages, what is the cost of giving off of her money? If it does not plan on leaving off of her money, there's nothing wrong in her saying, you know what, to secure in case this thing doesn't work out at the end, I want to know that my money, my money. That's what I'm worried about. It doesn't sound to me as if something is going on correctly in that relationship. You get midway, then you suddenly now jump the bus and say, wait, apart from that, she's now coming into the money. She's coming into the money. And so she's become a different person. That's why there's this viral meme that says, oh, please check your humility before you become a rich. By the time you are rich, we'll now know who you are in person. I don't show the real color now. She wants to secure the bag. But before she broke even, she was carrying Mr. Osmond along. See, let's be fair. The way he comes to equity must come with clean hands. If Titi was a man and she came on to the show today, with this point of view, you can be rest assured that we will shred him. No, I disagree. I wouldn't. I would shred that right here. Your wife was there. She carried your baby.  I wouldn't shred the place. If this was a man. No, you're not telling me if I get into the marriage, you need a prenup, die. There must be a reason for something. And I'm serious. No, you see, I'm not saying that. You see, if there's a reason, that's why she's why you're still here. Because you see, no, she doesn't want to know. No, she doesn't want to do a divorce here, but say, if in the case of a divorce or a separation, clean hands, clean hands. If from safety must come with clean hands. But you wouldn't understand that the agreement is whatever we decide. So it's not set. So if we say, okay. But the man has said it's not the agreement. I correct him. I correct him. And in the event of a dissolution of the marriage, I'm going to be willing to give you 30% or 40% of what I'm worth.  It doesn't mean I'm not, the agreement is not safe. Oh, everything goes to me. We're going to sit down and take a leave and agree that this is the percentage I'm willing to give you a spousal support or whatever it is. I mean, it's an agreement. Cynthia, I like this table you broke. I thought you broke them for me. This is why you broke me. You've destroyed it. A trusted one. Anyways, anytime is next after the break. To walk or not to work. Today, I'm going to take a look at employment versus entrepreneurship. And the question I'm asking today is, which of the two can we call a more sustainable tool for economic development? I'm taking a total deviation from all we're talking about. But it's interesting that we're still talking finances, but we're now looking at the bigger picture. So what do you do for a living?  I'm an entrepreneur seems to be the buzz phrase on everyone's lips. Well, it is no surprise as the rate at which people are starting their own businesses and opening retail outlets has astronomically increased in the recent past. May I disjuncture put a disclaimer? I am no economist. I'm not an accountant like a gemai. I don't have a financial literacy book like Cynthia and I'm not doing agreements and code. I'm just a lawyer who has delved into development. And I have a fascination for building human lives. Now let's take a look at the definition of employment. Employment is defined as a state of having paid work while entrepreneurship is referred to as a creation or extraction of value. In recent times, especially in Nigeria, they have been various discussions around entrepreneurship as a tool for growth and sustainable economic development. And it's interesting that the last time we're here together, it might actually made a very strong case for entrepreneurship as a tool for development. And so it's interesting that we're here again talking about this today. Now let's actually take a look at this debate on whether entering entrepreneurship or employment is the answer. A 2019 World Bank report states that Nigeria could enable millions of citizens to escape poverty over the next decade through enacting bold reforms designed to boost economic productivity. Without robust productivity growth, the report wants that living standards will continue to deteriorate. And the number of people living in poverty will continue to rise, increasing by more than 30 million by 2030. And unless the pace of growth and job creation accelerates, the forecast is gloom as Nigeria's population is expected to grow by as much as 35 million in the next decade, meaning that Nigeria as a country will account for a quarter of all people living in extreme poverty worldwide. A salient point, however, is that economists are saying that creating new opportunities for this rapidly increasing labor force will require a new economic model based on productivity growth. In that same report, the report then went ahead to outline four priority areas that could help lay the foundation for Nigeria's transition to a new economic model that makes more effective use of its young population and abundant resources as a way to support sustainable growth and poverty reduction. So it is interesting that Ejmae has written financial literacy books for children, and that it here has decided to help all of us come out of poverty by having a book on financial literacy. It could never have come at a more apt time. So the first thing that the report mentioned was to ensure policy transparency and predictability. And this is critical in reducing investment risk for people that are taking investment and promoting growth. Secondly, would be to enhance factor quality in various areas, such as investing in infrastructure, which we know is direly needed in Nigeria today, improving educational outcomes, liberalizing the trade regime, and other factors that would help develop value chains that facilitate the efficient relocation of factors of production, thereby making Nigeria a more cost competitive economy. But then I don't know with the kind of news that we're hearing today now, where BDCs are being regulated. I don't know if that advice may not need to come in again. However, thirdly, the need to regulate, to reduce regulated discretion in order to help attract foreign and domestic investment and encourage competition. And fourthly, the report says that there's a need to improve access to finance. But in all that has been said in the report, in all that I have gone on about, for EMEKA, for Shadeh, for Aki, how do I know? And even before I die with our post-nocturnal agreement, the reality is that we probably all need a blend of the daring risk-taking entrepreneurs and an integral part of the factors of production, which is labor or employment, as the activity itself is actually called. Because labor is indeed the factor that starts production. And although it is alluded to that no country can grow without having citizens that are daring, if we all become entrepreneurs, then who carries out the work that the entrepreneur is creating? Yes, I know. I simplify the matter. But alas, I am only making a case for a blended view to sustainable economic development. And more importantly, for the personal economic plan that we all, as Nigerians, have to deal with. So once again, my question would be, to work or not to work, for yourself or for somebody. And I say we all work, whether as entrepreneurs or as employees. Well, unfortunately, in our time, you have the possibility or the probability of having less employees. You know, I've said this thing before and I will say it again. Why do you have room for less employees? It's obvious. We don't produce anything. I was on trade fair on Monday. I decided to break the jinx and go look around and see what all the buzz is. And as I was driving into this massive, one of the biggest markets in West Africa, world layout and all that. But the striking thing is that they are all selling and not producing. What we need to do to create the employee, like Anita mentioned, is to have the back chain of the end product, to have people producing what we are selling. It's not enough to just put the trailers on the high sea and land them and crowd a papa. You know, I was wondering how come Lagos is so crowded and why there's always traffic.  What is going on? Very simple. New York is crowded. Of course, London's on one to four is crowded. But what the government have done is that they've decentralized the economy. You don't have to come to Lagos for you to make a living. But here, we all have to come to Lagos to buy ourselves. You don't even all have to come to Lagos to buy. Before COVID-19, we all had to come to VI to work. It didn't make any sense. Everybody that's going to work in the morning is driving from this point and this point to VI. Every bank head office has to be in VI. Every company's head office has to be in VI. Even the law is left to the mainland to go to the VI. No, I agree. Do you like what's going on? The place is crowded. It is crowded. But you see, the question and what I'm saying and I think is this, one of the things that pushed this for me was everywhere, every meme, every angle you turn, there's that, if you're not your own boss, you're going to work for somebody for the rest of their life because you're finding that. But it's just society just being silly, but there are young people that don't want to work.  Are they even employable? They're not, they can't even incorporate in- You tell my world and see what I see. Honestly, when Bwari said that lesion Nigerians were all quick to crucify him. In this my business, like I said, me now, I fall into below both employee and entrepreneur. This my entrepreneurship journey. The greatest problem I have are dedicated staff. We need to get to the job before this job starts. God forbid they resume at eight. They will literally fall down and die. And that's why I had to ask the question and really look at it and say to ourselves that before the next generation, and sadly, you know, really really before they get so lost and so carried away, not realizing that even the process of entrepreneurship itself is not, I just jump into it. The skills that you require, the abilities that you need. If you say this all the time, I say if you haven't worked in corporate Nigeria and then you just want to jump into entrepreneurship, you're going to fail at whatever. At this point, because you won't even know how to do a report. You won't know how to get accountable to anybody. You think that, oh, I just wake up and resume at eight. They never know how to sell the product to people. They don't know. Somebody says, I'm selling something and I, okay, you know what, tell me about it. And I hear, I have it. I'm thinking, isn't it difficult for you to actually analyze and itemize what this thing does and sell me on it? I'm not saying marketable. Come across like you actually understand what your business is about. It's zilch. So that was really what pushed this question today We were actually at an event yesterday, we were selling the books and I was at the event, my staff was there and they were distributing snacks and party packs and everything. So I saw his party pack there and of course there was a donut in his hand and it was chewing the donuts and there was our market that was supposed to sell. I just said, guy, put down your donuts. I said, I don't understand. So I don't know, I don't know. Maybe Titi has a different opinion. I don't know. I don't have a different opinion. However, just back to what Titi said, where she said, if you've not worked in corporate world and you decide to start off your own thing, except you obviously get like the required skills, you do trip inings and things like that, you definitely would have a lot of glitches along the way. I've seen a lot of businesses that even though they know what it is they're doing, but the processes are just wrong and that's obviously at the end of the day, affects the turnout of the business. So obviously, it is very important to have gone through the corporate world and understand how things are done day to day, what is required, the skills that are required to manage the business before you then decide to become an entrepreneur. Well, I think in all in all, really, when Titi Bilalala was talking, there was a part she mentioned about discipline, I think that's the one thing that maybe might be saving grace. But before we go on the issues of food insecurity discussed last week, Kaewon Webster says, the government needs to help their people. We have now come to the end of this week's episode of The Advocates very sadly. However, The Advocacy continues on our social media platforms on Facebook plus TV Africa, hashtag The Advocate NG or on Instagram at plus TV Africa, hashtag The Advocate NG. To catch up with previous broadcasts, go to plusTVAfrica.com forward slash Advocate NG and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel plus TV Africa. Till next week, it's same time on This Station, let's keep advocating for a better society. Bye, bye.


Simplifier Cloud Adoption process. And at the same time, accelerate our cloud development cycles for the developers who are building their capabilities on the cloud or were looking to build their capabilities on cloud. We'll also share some insights on how backstage helped us in reducing our workload time of the developers to build their capabilities on cloud and also talk about the unifying experience that the developers were able to get because of the implementations that we did on backstage for our specific use cases. So there are two stories that we want to speak about when it comes to cloud enablement. There were a lot of different pathways that the developers had to go through when they're looking to move to cloud within booking. And over time, when we were simplifying this process for the teams, we wanted to make it easier for teams to come to cloud, be it from whichever coding background you are, just make it simpler for teams to start using AWS or any other public cloud for that matter. And these are the two tales that we want to speak. So these were the two core narratives that we found with the adoption journey within booking. And this is where we want to bring some more teams around these two specific areas. So cloud enablement. So for context, I joined booking about close to two years ago as a senior technical program manager. And one of my key objectives was to modernize our cloud adoption process. At that time in booking, moving to cloud wasn't easy. We did not have an easy way to get into cloud. It was a heavy onboarding process. We had a lot of processes and frameworks to adhere to. And what that meant was that there were a lot of stakeholders that needed to be addressed. For a developer who's looking to build a service or who's looking to move his application from on-prem to a cloud-native service provider, they had to go through a lot of steps, a lot of regulations to address. And that wasn't that straightforward because of the multiple stakeholders that we had. Booking being a large travel industry company, we were also security first, which meant that there were a lot of rigorous security and compliance regulations. So if you had a new service or something new that came up in the industry from any cloud provider or a new way of doing things, it would need to go through a certain rigorous process of validation within booking.com by our internal teams before it gets opened up for every developer to basically use it. You can think of it from anything that AWS launches or any other cloud provider like GCP launches. If there's anything that needs to go in, it needs to go through our validation processes. We have security as our core pillar. And I guess when you're looking at cloud for that scale, you need those kind of validations as well in. And not to forget the data governance bits, like GDPR regulations. You'll have SOX compliance. So if you are moving something about customer information on the cloud, you need to be mindful of how that journey looks like. So these were some of those problems that we were observing. And also in booking, we had developer journeys. Like there were many different use cases. There would be proof of concepts. We are always evolving. We are looking to be the first in market. So we're building on capabilities that perhaps are not there in the industry. So the developers needed that avenue to build it. It could be proof of concepts. It were working in isolation. And those are not some things that you would get on cloud by default, at least in booking. You need to go through a certain set of frameworks to make sure that that's all enabled.  We had to find a way where we could do the same level of rigorous process when we went from a few, few projects a month to more than 100 projects a month moving to AWS or GCP or any other cloud provider for that matter. So these were our few of the problems. We see a few forms around. We had a number. We had to remove it. But yeah, it was what it is. But before we talk about how Backstage helped us solve some of these problems, let's also discuss about how Backstage was being used at booking.com back then, about two years ago. Honor, do you want to do the honors? Yes. So hello, I'm Honor. I'm a software developer in booking. And I've been with booking for two years, I believe. We joined it roughly at the same time. So we jumped into the same problem, solving the same problem. So our problems in clouds, like Barat gave you some context of the scale or the things that we needed to solve. But how we solved it was a bit of a question, like what are we going to use? And then we realized that we actually have a Backstage in booking. Well, it's called something different than Backstage to start with. But a couple of things you might need to know about me before I continue. I'm really bad at keeping speaking notes. So I might off track, but I will try to keep it in the median. So I looked through our internal communications and meetings. So and I could track this back to 2021. I believe there was a meeting where we had a problem to solve in booking. And that problem, I believe, will be familiar to a lot of people in here.  In a bunch of places, they all had different UIs. They all had different user experiences. They were integrated because they were all working together. Yes. But from the user perspective, that's the key point here. From the user perspective, they were not. For a user, for anyone in our ecosystem to do something, they needed to visit a lot of tools, a lot of spaces to actually continue. And in that meeting, that problem was being discussed. And in that meeting, booking, being booking, we had our own toolings. We discussed to have something called SHIVA. And SHIVA was a reliability platform. And other stuff, but the two key points that I could extract from those notes was there were two requirements. First, Uniform UI and UX. And the second one is a plugin-based system to move forward. And you just fast forward a couple of meetings a month, maybe. And then you see that guy in the middle. By the way, that's how I imagine the open source community always having fun, having parties. So someone looked at the market, and so there's a backstage. There's this thing called backstage. And said, yeah, the two things align. It's Uniform UI and UX, if you build it right. And yeah, it has this plugin-based system. So why don't we use it? So this is, I believe, how the backstage was introduced in our ecosystem. But I'm looking at two people who know more than me here. I hope I'm right. But I can back this up with documents. So from here, when we joined, we had the backstage up and running. We had the service directory, our project management, and dependency management system in place, and implemented in backstage as well.  But I also want to mention one thing that I would like to touch at the last slide as well. When I was preparing this presentation, I thought, OK, how we use backstage to solve these problems, right? What we did with it. But also, in our story, it is what we did to it as well. Because at this initial stage, it wasn't the backstage you know. We didn't have the software catalog and anything that comes with it. It was just the UI part, the app part. But we didn't have a backend that was supporting it. But this is, I believe, the resilience or the simplicity of backstage. It even works without having those core functionalities. At least it worked for us. And we had our way, I believe. I would like to mention that as well. So from that meeting onwards, we said, OK, we will be building plugins. We'll be extending the core functionalities we have. But there was a heavy emphasis on build your own, because we couldn't just get the open source plugins into it because of that lack of core functionalities. If you come back to our two tails, this is where we joined, where we jumped the ship. So there's a backstage. There is no software catalog. There's nothing to support it. But we do have our own search directory, which is a really nice tool we have in-house that's replaced, kind of, that provided the software catalog capabilities to us.  So on the one hand, we were dealing with the onboarding and the golden path. So we were identifying the processes, what we want to do, what are the stakeholders, who we want to be working with us. But on the other hand, we knew from the start, like with the scale, you can't just identify processes and just leave them manual. You need to just make them built in your systems, in your own environments. So for that one, I don't know if you noticed, but I like drawing. Like these are from my own sketches. I like to sketch our own problems, the problems we face in our working environment. So these are just a couple of them. But for each one of them, we identify the process. Then we identify the stakeholder to work with. Like it can be security. It can be compliance. It can be deployments, whatever you can think about. Then let's say, OK, we want to solve this problem. But how to solve this problem? And then it was backstage. Like, OK, we have the core project. We extended it. We called it a cloud project. We created a new layer on top of it. And then we reached out to these stakeholders and said, hey, we want you to build plugins. Like, this is the best part of it. You can just extend our functionality. I don't want to go in there, or I don't want to get requirements from you and build on my own. You can just build it. And we will be composing these individual plugins or individual extensions in a narrative that we think will solve our problem. So this is the way we approached it. And right, it says, composition of well-defined and bounded tools. And I believe that's at the core of the backstage. And it really helped us in our journey. Oh, yeah. OK. And yeah, these are some showcases, right? By the way, these comic strips are not yet copyrighted, right? These can be taken if they want. So what we saw in those comics or on those themes were about some of the questions or some of the things that the developers had to go through. And our first iteration of what we build on backstage is screenshots of these we used to call them plugins. So what our intention behind this was how we can transfer, how we can translate the business requirements or the processes that a developer had to go through and transfer them or transform them into a process which is on backstage. And the teams can use it for their adoption journey, for their onboarding journey to cloud. So we had something called for self-service, which we used to call as build day one. What that meant was that the teams can come to the backstage portal. They could come on one of the widgets that you see here. And they could just click on one of the buttons and they will get an account provisioned. In parallel to that, the intention was that all the other steps and all the other journeys that they had to traverse, which would be security compliance. It would be around data governance. So all of those processes were translated into one or the other plugin on these screens. And the developer would have the flexibility to just provision the account. But once they got the account, they could in parallel own the process themselves and go and process those requests to the relevant stakeholders that were involved. So the problems that we were referring to in the beginning of having too many stakeholders, having a complicated process of adoption, while making sure that we were doing everything that we need to do to be at the industry standard level that we are, it needed a process where it would be empowering the developers to actually own that journey by themselves. So we also created a security narrative and a shared responsibility model for the teams. So once you get an account, once the developers were able to create the accounts, they could start or navigate through their journey to the other teams, which would be security compliance. What we did with Backstage was we also integrated this with something like ServiceNow. So the teams would be able to use Backstage to integrate their approvals and their process and journey to move to production and deploy their services on live systems using Backstage and then going through a specific plugin which would then integrate with ServiceNow. And then they would be able to navigate their entire journey using that flow without needing a dedicated team that would guide them through those journeys. These are some of the plugins that we have. Honor, I think you have a few more that you want to run us through. I have a few more. Like I actually had to cut down the list. But I believe the gist of it is what we're trying to say. Like these are cloud-raised problems, not specifically for Backstage. This is just, Backstage was the platform we sold for it. So I was also thinking, like, why not any other platform? Like, we could just build our own app. Like, just put a React or Angular there. Just plug in your own systems, your authentication, and people will be able to do this. So for that, I believe my question, my answer was the culture that came with it. Because like Backstage is out there. It's maintained by a lot of people. I believe some of them are here as well. It's just this sense of community. And we were able to replicate part of it in booking when we were talking about the Backstage. Because it just gives you the freedom, I would say, from planning. Because if you have something, if you think you can solve a problem, this ecosystem is really good for it. You can just start owning a plugin. Of course, there's preconditions to it. But if you can just fire your use case, you can just start building it. And from that, at every stage when we were building a plugin, and not just for Cloud, I believe for Backstage, we have a bunch of other more. Like, the last thing I can think of is what was it, insights, where someone just plugged in the tags from JIRA in Backstage for the things like, hey, help needed. Like, there's this core library. I want this functionality on there. If you follow the normal procedures, it takes a long time. But if you can just tag your JIRA, take it with a certain Backstage something, or we call it B Stage. We even changed the name. But if you can just tag it, it will be visible in the Backstage. And this just is one example of that freedom. Like, somebody solved a problem, and they wanted to solve it. And our approach to it, that replication of the sense of community actually allows us to build more and more. And every time, when I look at the results, they're just better than we initially thought, that's a trend, like, every time. I want to talk about the library, for example. That was like a huge problem for us, just because we had multiple documentation sources. I believe that's also common in our sector. We had docs.booking.com, which is like an in-house solution we have. We have wiki confluence. We have GitLab, readme files. We have Drive, for some reason. And then somebody at certain point said, hey, this is too much. I can't find anything I'm looking for. And then build search.booking.com on top of it. But the result is, when you search for cloud, for example, in our use case, it's just everything. Like, any sketch that somebody wrote that includes Cloud Word in it, any team that onboarded two years ago and had different processes to follow, everything altogether. So we created a workforce around this, saying, yeah, we will make documents better again. But that was search.booking.com, right? Like, that was the initial thing that sold us. Then this group came up with, hey, I will be the plug-in in the same environment. I will own the process from end to end. And I will just maintain a manual index, which sounds awful. Like, hey, no, don't do it. How are you going to maintain the manual index? But that solves the problem in a really simple manner. And if you keep track of the ownership of those entries, then you can send, on a cadence, hey, is this thing still up to date? And it was just like, yeah, they took that. They build it. It's a plug-in now. It's working. It's good. And it just solved the problem. So these kind of stuff we were missing, not we were missing, I think we would miss if we bought, for example, an off-the-shelf system that needed certain things in place that had certain ways of doing stuff. So backstage is just the flexibility, I guess, if that makes sense. OK. So to summarize, what we mentioned in the beginning, we had a problem to solve. We were looking at how we can leverage any tool for that matter to simplify our adoption requirements. And we had backstage with us. And what you saw on the previous slides with those plugins and those screenshots, we internally refer to it like a portal. And all of those plugins and all those screens were like an amalgamation of the actual cloud journey for a developer who needs to build their services on any of the cloud providers, and also not just build new services, but also migrate their existing workloads to an actual live production system. So by using the capabilities of the UI of backstage, just the UI at that point in time, we didn't have the software catalog and other capabilities. We were able to solve a very serious business problem for us, which was going on and on. So that gave us what it actually helped us with, that we were able to unify our user experience. We could get all the different stakeholders that were part of the cloud journey within booking to actually follow the approach that backstage does in terms of ensuring that everybody is working from a centralized place and making sure that we have one source of information. So those things helped us to ensure that there was a more wider acceptance of how we want to do this journey to cloud. And backstage was the first step for us to make sure that that worked. And from there, I think, we have bigger plans now. And Anna, you want to talk about them as well? This is the fun part. I believe this speaks to the resilience and simplicity of this idea. We used it without any of the core functionalities. But it did survive. It did prove value. And we want more. And for that, I believe this year and the coming years, we will be introducing the software catalog. As I said, tools that we build internally, they're also good, really good. So we don't want to replace them that often, because search directory works. And it does what it needs to do. But we will be, I believe, in the first phase, we'll introduce a shadow software catalog. So we will map everything we have to the format or the things that the backstage will accept in its core. And then from there, once we have the software catalog, we will have more at our disposal. Like, we will be able to use majority of the community-driven plugins. And we will be able to just absorb them in. Also, in the same sense, we will be introducing the software template. We have a huge bootstrap program running at the moment. Idea is basically like this, one of the core functionalities. We had a go at it at our own terms, in our own terms. So we have a rough idea what we want to do. But we will be also introducing that to backstage to serve our customers. And also, the search is really nice. We will be having the search as well. So in our story, this is the category of this case study. So we are talking about our own experience, like how we used it, how it helped us. But also, with its simplicity, it did survive us using it the way we did. Now we are going to use it in a proper manner. We will be introducing the core functionalities it needs to fully expand. That was a story. Thank you for listening. Thank you very much. Is there any questions for that? Before I take the question, can I just do one quick shoutout? So we have one person from our backstage team at booking. We were trying to get three people for the talk. We couldn't get the approvals in place. So a big shoutout to Simba, if you can just join us on the stage as well. And Gindra as well, please. We don't have one. We have two. Tim, picture. Yeah, I actually love your journey. My question is, though, in your ecosystem, because it seems kind of similar to our case, where you have multiple teams that provides through the backstage UI and the Backster Core functionality their own plugins. How you make sure that everything is according to the standard. So I mean the code quality and also UI slash UX quality. And what is your release model? So when you make a release of the whole backstage instance that you provide, how you make sure that all those plugins actually come in line with the proper way and proper manner, properly tested, and everything? Yeah, that's hard. So to start with, our motto was, automate everything you can. Because if you just leave it to the subjective interpretations, it's really hard. So we have for the basic linting and the code styles, we have a sonar instance somewhere. So for that stuff, we have the automation. But on the other hand, we have two stage approvals. So we say plugin owners own their own code. So they do their code reviews. They do their own repositories. No, we have a single repository. So we just have in the code owners, this folder belongs to these people. So after the initial approval, because in there, they will be testing their own functionality and we don't know about what their functionality is. As a second stage, we have what we call backstage reviewers at the moment. And those are, I believe, us reviewing in a more abstract level, hey, this is this in line. But the UX, you also asked about the UX. That's the hardest part, because that's really what we've seen as a trend was when you live at this outside of UX, everybody who wants to show something, everybody who has the data just starts building a plugin. So at the end, you have a bunch of plugins that are not really connected to each other. So now we have a new initiative called Engineering Portal. We are actually leveraging our time spent on this. So we have enough volume of plugins. Then we can just now, at this point, say, OK, we have this bunch. How does each plugin lands in the user journey? What are the user journeys to start with? So we have an initiative to align them. And at the end of that, one of the artifacts we want to have is the UX guidelines. So up until now, we didn't have it, which has pros and cons. It just enables more flexibility and gives more freedom, which I was always up for. But at a certain point, I believe if you have enough volume, then you can just look back, look at the examples, and continue on it. So following on that, so from your perspective and your experience, would you rather focus, if you would start again, would you rather focus again on allowing all the teams create the holds of their own plugin, or would you rather advise to create some plugins that can be used by multiple teams? So would you still go with the externalized development of plugins created by the specific teams? Or rather, would you like to create those functionalities for them inside of your own provided plugins as a platform owner? I would go as the way we did, enable people to build stuff. Because that's where you gain a lot. It's just different perspective, different opinions. But we did have one rule, I believe, if you build a plugin that should be used by the entirety of the company, you just don't get to build a plugin for your own. So anything you build, it should be usable by other people. Any other questions? Hi. From your perspective, when do you think we should start thinking about migrating to backstage? I mean, what size is suitable? I mean, do we need to, for example, have 100 microservices or 10 people of the team? Thanks. Like my own personal answer to that is at the time where people start complaining. Because how much is much? I've seen systems with 20, 25 components, I'm talking about the UX and system components were perfectly, and everybody was used to it. But again, in my own experience, you notice it because people start talking and start complaining. And at that point, I believe, making the change then also justifies itself. And it doesn't feel like a push. And I believe what we had when we had initial discussions, like people were complaining. And then we took action. No, I just wanted to add a little bit. As he said, we started with backstage because it was not only for the users. It was also for us that maintaining many different services in one company is also time consuming. And as a team, in the beginning, our team only had ownership over multiple services. We had multiple UIs that we needed to maintain. So that was the initial idea when we started thinking, what if we had all of them somewhere? Since all of these services, they are not by their own. They also communicate with each other. So that's when we thought about, hey, what if all our internal tools in our department, they can be at one place. It would be a lot easier for us to maintain. It would be a lot easier for users to find these tools because sometimes people, they don't know that there are some services that we have already in the company. And I think it was more organic in that sense. When we initially used backstage, it wasn't mandatory for anybody or nobody necessarily had to use it. So it was organic. Developers were just using it. And when we reached to a point where, for cloud adoption, for instance, we started using capabilities to highlight those processes, it kind of garnered a more unified response. Like, teams wanted to use backstage because it gave them a more developer-centric experience. And that's how it progressed for us. All right, guys, thank you very much. Thank you very much for the presentation. We'll go to the next one.