How to start a clothing line from scratch, a step-by-step guide. Okay guys, you've been thinking about selling t-shirts or jackets or wall hangings or whatever it is. Starting a clothing line has never been more competitive than it is right now. However, if you watch to the end of this video, you'll have a complete guide on how to start your clothing line and actually be successful. According to Wix, their e-commerce stores from 2019 to 2020 had a jump of 151% in sales. So it is something that's worth getting into and with this guide you'll be able to do it and know what to do, how to do it and actually be profitable. Do me a favor, if you haven't subscribed already, hit that subscribe button down there and ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time I go live or I upload a new video. Now, in this video I'm going to walk you through step-by-step and if you follow these steps, you won't have a problem. It doesn't matter if you're going to be doing drop shipping, it doesn't matter if you're going to be doing t-shirts or jackets or dresses or whatever it is, if you just follow this guide you're going to be successful. Now this is a guide and there's 10 different steps. You don't necessarily have to do them in order, it may make it a little bit easier. However, I would suggest you doing all the steps because if you miss any of these, it could cost you a lot of money. So let's get on with it and let's talk about number one. Number one is choose your brand strategy. This is super important. Your brand strategy could be supporting some charity. It could be naturally made clothing. It could be low-end price clothing. It could be high-end price clothing. But figure out what your branding strategy is. This is super important so that it feels right to the customer. Next thing you want to do is look at your USP, your unique selling position. How are you going to be different from anybody else? That's super important to do. A lot of people miss this step because they don't think that it really matters. But it does. It matters a whole lot. You should be able to say in one sentence why your company is different from your competitors. If you can do that, you're off and running. The next thing you want to look at when we're talking about setting up our branding is what is your niche? Who is your niche? This is super important. I think a lot of people forget this. I was at a function the other day and I talked to somebody who was doing drones. They did drone footage and I said, who's your niche? She said, well, I don't have one yet. I'm just making videos. Well, if you don't have a niche, if you don't target your product to somebody, then of course you're not going to do well. And here's why. Think about this. If you're trying to sell to everybody, let's face it, not everybody wants your product. The people who do want your product don't even hear you. So if you're selling to everybody, you're essentially selling to nobody. It's really important to pick a niche. We sell some survival to. So we have a survivalist. We have people who want to take care of their families during emergencies. We know what that niche is. What is your niche? Who are you selling to? Number two, create your brand identity. What is your brand identity? So if you're in a clothing line, let's say that's for hikers. Maybe your brand identity is that you have very durable clothing, t-shirts and jackets and shorts or whatever. Maybe you're in the discount area. So maybe your brand identity is you can't beat our prices and we always offer free shipping. But you've got to set up some type of brand identity.  Number three is decide what products you're going to sell. What fits within your market? Now I think t-shirts fit in a lot of markets, but necessarily ball caps may not. Ball caps may not work in a high-end market for let's say women in their 40s. That may not be a good product. So you want to look through because a lot of these sites that we're going to talk about will have all kinds of products from wall hangings to t-shirts to jackets to hoodies to all types of different things.  Now once you've decided on these products, you've got to decide if you want to do drop shipping, if you want to do inventory, print on demand. So those things are also very important. So start factoring in all that at this time because depending on which one of those, you're going to be limited to whatever products are available in those areas. Number five, check out the cost. Check out the cost. The cost is so important. When you go into a niche, what I suggest people do is they go into that niche and they look for products that are already selling in that niche and they look and see what they're selling for and how they're selling it. If your niche always offers free shipping, keep in mind you'll have to do free shipping. You'll need to factor that in when you look at the cost. If you're doing high-end type products, those products obviously are going to probably have more of a profit margin. However, if you're doing cheaper products, maybe you can make that up with volume. But it's super important that you understand you've got to make a profit. Okay, if we're not making a profit at this, all of this goes out the window. Number six is your packaging. Now, if you're doing print-on-demand, you're going to have to go along with whatever packaging they have available. If you're doing inventory and you're selling your own products, of course you can decide on your packaging. Now, depending on your product, packaging may or may not matter. If you're selling some, let's say, high-end clothing, maybe that packaging could really help your branding if you had some imprints put on those boxes. Maybe it's something that would really intensify the value of that product. I know if you look at Apple, the type of products they sell, their packaging is super important. It looks high-end, it looks high-quality. We own a company that is survival food, and that would actually hurt our product's brand if we had high-end packaging that had advertising all over it. People who are buying survival food don't want people to know they bought it. They want a plain brown box to show up at their house with hardly anything on the box outside of just a label. So think about what you're doing in your packaging and how it's going to enhance your business or possibly hurt your business. Next thing you want to look at, number seven, is shipping. Shipping is really, really critical. I remember when we first started our survival food company, we started in Virginia. We were shipping out of our own warehouse in Virginia. And in doing so, if we had to ship to something like California or Washington State, it was very expensive to do so. We then moved the company to California and we were still shipping out of our own warehouse in San Diego. But then, once again, once we shipped to the East Coast it was very expensive or Florida or something like that. We now have a shipping facility that is centrally located in the middle of the United States. Now that cut down our shipping costs tremendously just by where we ship out of. So you do want to think about that. Can you include shipping? Free shipping is a big enhancement. I know every time I do an email out and I say free shipping, we get a whole lot more sales than when I don't do free shipping. But you have to factor that in. What is it going to cost you? You got to look at what the cost are and can you still make a profit? So shipping is super important. Number eight, make sure you follow the law. Okay, what do I mean follow the law? I have people all the time who say I'm going to be selling online, do I need a business license? And I'm like, yeah, yeah, because you sell online. Okay, so if you sell online guys you have to have a license. Now, what that license is, I don't know, okay? Depending on your country, depending on your state, depending on your city, I know we have to pay fees to the federal government, we have to pay fees to the state and we have to pay fees to the city. So we have three different levels that we have to do. And then some states we have to collect tax and it gets really complicated. So understand you've got to go by what the law is. And when you're starting a business online, when you're starting a clothing line online, like what we're talking about in this video, you're still gonna need to follow all the legal requirements. I think it's a good idea to get some legal advice. I would say don't go to a lawyer because they're very expensive. I would say go to an accountant and say, hey, I'm shopping around for accountants and I want to know what advice you have on getting licenses for my business. They will know all this, accountants know all this and generally they will give you a free consultation. So that's just a little pro tip right there if you want to get a free consultation, interview two or three different accountants. And I think it is a good idea to interview two or three different accountants because you're gonna have difference in fees. You may even have difference in advice and then that's when you'll want to check further. You know, one may tell you you need a license for something, another one may tell you you don't, then that's something you're gonna want to check further with, okay? Because if you're getting conflicting advice, that could be a problem. Make sure you follow the law. Number nine, you need to sell from somewhere. You're gonna need a website. Now, I want to kind of temper that a little bit because when you're first starting out with your products, I would say test some products first before you build an entire website. Now, how can you do that? I suggest you using Cartra. Cartra will build your sales pages for you. It will help you sell things. It is not a full blown website so you can get a page up and running in an hour. You don't have to build a whole website. I think it's a good idea to get a domain name though in advance of name of what the website will be. And the thing you can do with Cartra is you can put some products in there and test them to see how well they sell. And once you find some that sells, you can actually build your website. Now, why would you have Cartra and your website? Well, because Cartra does the marketing for you. It sends out emails. It has email automations. You can do sales presentations in there. You can do sequences in there. You can do so many things. You can host videos in there. You can have membership courses in there. And I know you think you won't be using that. And I never thought I would either but I have tons of them now. Cartra is a really dynamic email marketing, digital marketing platform. And I highly suggest you get it. Now, in the description below, there's gonna be a link for a video that you can watch all about Cartra so you can see what it does. And if you choose to get Cartra and you use my link, you can get it for $1 as a trial. So check that out in the link below. Now we've come to number 10. It is the thing that most people never do and that is marketing. You've gotta market your products. I remember I was so naive when I first started my first website. I built the site and as soon as it went live, I waited for sales and nothing happened. Crickets. Yeah, so that's not what you need to do. You need to market your site. Nobody knows you're there, okay?  If you were that good at that, there's a lot of companies that wanna hire you, I'm telling you. It's not that easy to do. SEO, first off, will take you months if not years to build up any real SEO traffic. And SEO, if you don't know, is search engine optimization. That's where you use keywords on different pages when people search for those keywords. But that's gonna take time. I would suggest you have some budget for advertising, some budget for advertising, something, okay? I have a lot of people say, well, do I really need any money to start an online business? The answer is 100%, yes. Unless you're selling on somebody else's site, okay? You can list products on eBay or Amazon, something like that and you could sell products. The problem with that is you're competing with a whole lot of people and you're also in a race to the bottom. What I mean by that is both those sites, you're gonna have to add one of the cheapest prices. It's very hard to compete on those sites now. The people that sell a lot there at extremely low prices, they have small profit margins and in the beginning it's kinda hard to do that. So you're gonna wanna set up some money for marketing. That could be Facebook ads, that could be YouTube ads. It could be native ads. And if you don't know about any of those things, look on my channel. I have videos on all of those things. You can check that out. Just search in my channel, type in video marketing, type in YouTube ads, type in Facebook ads and you can also find more information on that. So that is basic outline for starting your clothing brand. It's not that hard to do if you do some research. I recommend you also look at some of my print on demand videos on this channel. By doing that, you can start off with print on demand. Print on demand, you don't need to invest in any inventory. What happens is you actually sell the product. Once you sell it, you send the order to the print on demand company. They then print that item up and they actually ship it out to your customer and you don't have to touch it. So it's pretty nice and that's a great way to start your clothing line. I hope you enjoyed this video and do me a favor. If you did, give me a thumbs up, just like this, right, thumbs up. Don't forget to ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time I go live and I do one of these videos. Also, I'll notify you when I upload a video. So that's an added advantage. So make sure you do turn on notifications for that purpose. Thank you so much for watching this video as a present in the description below. There's a $97 course, you can get it absolutely free. All you gotta do is click the link and learn 100% free. Thanks a lot for watching guys. I really appreciate it. See you in the next video. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right here so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


We have three talks for you. The first one is called, Faster packing of morphic operations and efficient circuit bootstrapping for threshold fully homomorphic encryption. Doris. Sorry. Sorry. And we're missing. It's a paper by Idaria Kilotti, Nicola Gamma, Maria Gorgieva, and Marika Izabaschet. And the talk will be given by Idaria and Maria. So thanks for the introduction, thank you everyone for being here. So we're going to present today improvements in TFHC. We presented last year a page script. So it's a joint work as as we say that with Nicola. So thanks. Nicola Gamma from Maria Gorgieva and Marika Izabaschet from CA. So of course TFHC is an homomorphic encryption scheme, which means that it is able to perform computational encrypted messages without anything to the group. So in this presentation, we distinguish two main constructions, the level one and the bootstrapped ones. In level constructions, we set a function to be evaluated in the beginning, and then we search parameters to homomorphically evaluate this function. Instead, with bootstrap construction, we set the parameters in the beginning, and with those parameters, we are able to evaluate any function. Of course, these two constructions have pros and cons. Level constructions perform fast evaluations, but they definitely function need to be non-ended events. So it is not practical when, at least, we want to evaluate operation on dynamic datasets. Instead, bootstrap constructions have no depth limitations, but they perform very slow operations, because we have to often evaluate bootstrapping, which is very costly in terms of time and memory. So I represent the improvement or the construction in the first part of this presentation, and then I leave Maria to continue the presentation. So generally, when we think about homomorphic schemes, we think about a simple message space in which we can perform additions and modifications, but actually, this is richer than that. In our scheme, we use... Our scheme, TFHE, is a GSW-based homomorphic scheme, which we use three kind of ciphertext. So I'm going to describe the operation on the plaintext space, but of course, everything is done on ciphertext, the homomorphic scheme. So the first ciphertext is LWE, on which we encrypt Torus messages. So the Torus is the real Torus, which means the reals module one. And here we can perform additions or linear combinations. Then we have ring learning with errors with Torus polynomial messages up to degree N, which we perform again linear combinations. And then we have ring GSW ciphertext, on which we encrypt integer polynomials. And here we can perform both linear combinations and an internal product. So thanks to the fact that the Torus is a real module and is an integer module, we can also define an external product. It was defined last year between the Sonderring, GSW, and the Ring with LWE. We can also define all their operations, as instance a nonlinear operation between the Torus and itself. We can go from the Torus message space to the Torus polynomial message space via key switching. So the key switching here is not traditional. It allows to change the key, but also to evaluate morphism, which can be private or public, depending on the application. We can come back from the Torus polynomial to the Torus space via an extraction. And then we define a new bootstraping technique called circuit bootstraping to go from the Torus message space to the integer polynomial message space. And we can also use key switching to go from the integer polynomial message space to the integer space and back. Okay, so the first improvement we did to TFH is a new packing technique. So it is known that Ring, LWE, Cypher, takes care of two polynomials. The polynomial can be seen as a huge container on which each slot is an element of the Torus. So till now it wasn't unclear how to use the full potential of this packing in a GSW context. So we're going to show you how it works with an example. We use it to evaluate lookup tables, which are interesting to evaluate arbitrary functions. So a lookup table looks like this. On the left part we have inputs which are bits. And on the right part, the corresponding output, which are Torus numbers. And we evaluate a lookup table via muc3 where the muc gate is a ternary gate, choosing between a value d0 and d1 depending on the value c, which is called the selector. So in a classical way we can encrypt all the outputs for every input inside our Ring LWE Cypher test and then evaluate the muc3 to obtain the final result altogether. The problem is that, as I said, the Ring LWE is a container and it contains in our case 1,024 slots. And it's generally not so common to find a function that has 1,024 outputs. So some slots remain empty and this doesn't use the full potential of the packing. So our idea was to pack in a different way in a vertical way if you want. So this packing technique can be used even if the function has a single output and it is quite easy to fill all the slots because it is sufficient to have a 10-bit input. So how to use this packing to evaluate the lookup table? I'll show it with an example. So in this figure I suppose that I was able to pack all the outputs in four containers Ring LWE and that the output I'm looking for is in the second container. So we initially evaluate as muc3 that selects the correct container and then we perform a blind rotation that rotates the slots inside the container and that brings the output I want to search on the first place and then we extract the first place via the extraction operation. So the techniques of vertical packing and batching or horizontal packing are compatible and they can be mixed together depending on the application you're interested in. The second improvement we need to TFHE is a new computational model based on automata. So last year we presented an automata model based on deterministic finite automata. The deterministic finite automata are decisional automata so they output a single bit of information. Instead this year we use a new technique from the automata logic which is called the deterministic weighted finite automata which are instead the decisional computational they return a weight which is on torus polynomial and the idea is that the weights act like a circle or memory that accumulates the finite results all along the computation. So in both kind of automata the transition have the same cost. So I will show the difference between the two with the example we evaluate the max function between two integer x and y both composed by n bits and to evaluate the max function we use a disautomata which is the automata corresponding to the comparison. So disautomata reads and inputs all the bits of x and y starting from the most similar components and then we switch between states and it decides if x and y are equal states in the states in the central state we call e for equal. If x is smaller than y it goes up to the state b and stays there till the end of the evaluation if instead y is greater is x is greater than y it goes up to the state a and stays there till the end of the evaluation. So if there is equal finite automata if we want to compute as instant the second bit of output we have to deviate the automata after the evaluation of after reading the two first bits of x and y to our final state and then we have to evaluate to evaluate the automata we start from the end and we assume we go till the beginning. So the problem is that when we do that previous computation get lost because we lost all the suffixes and so we have to construct and different automata for every output bit. Instead we've weighted automata we still we continue evaluating the comparison automata but instead we mark some we mark the accepting the transitions and we have the specific ways when I write the color arrow and we evaluate the entire automata and at the end we extract the final weight which contains all the results in a single pass. So the idea is to make an example is that if the final second bit of the output is equal to one this means that the automata went through one of the orange transitions. Ok the third improvement it's a new homomorphic counter we call TBSR is a ringed homomorphic counter that is able to do three basic operations in an efficient way the instruction of bits, the implementation and the division by two. So it can be used to perform efficient evaluation of automated functions such as school book modification or multi-addition and of course it can be mixed with previous computation but for time concerns we cannot give more details. So I let Maria continue the presentation. Thank you Elaya and the second part of the presentation is to show how we can compose our building blocks that Elaya explained you in order to obtain a faster evaluation of larger circuits. In particular we are interested by the question whether we have to use bootstrapping after each gate or after many gates. Most JSW construction are based on the MUX gates and historically the outputs and inputs of our MUX gates are of the same types than in JSW. In opposite the level of noise and the precision are not the same and we have to slow down whenever we need to increase the level in particular where we use level 0, 1 and 2 we can map them directly to native operations using Flop32 or 64. In opposite when we use level 5 and 6 we use operations in GMP and they are extremely slow. In MUX they are in this MUX we use level of noise that is different and for this reason some composition pattern of the lookup table and the diagnostic finder to do matter are very visible and others are very slow. With the improvement of the external product now we we change some of the side effects of a new JSW side effects with link LWE this improvement was proposed last year and now now it's not possible to connect the LWE outputs with a new JSW inputs and now the evaluation of the lookup table and the diagnostic automata even faster but we cannot connect them and for that all other compositions are impossible. To some of us in one time we have a huge running time of penalty between each level especially 0 to 3 and in other times our transitions in the automata operate at the same level and in other to optimize the total number of levels we should compose automata and therefore the number of compositions of automata is equal to the total number of levels. In this picture you see an example of compositions of automata of three levels and for each level we have one automaton per bit of output to give an idea for the running time we use Google for traffic hours and that means that the dark red automata runs for hours after the orange one in a few seconds. We can apply the optimization of the external product of the last year to the last to the lowest level to improve the battle mass but only to the last one because now the outputs are not of the same type and we cannot connect them with another inputs. We can apply the optimization of the way to find the automata that Ilari explained to you in order to replace this main automata with only one and this optimization can be applied to improve the battle mass in each level of our composition but you see now we have our red part and we propose a new method in which automata are in level one but for that we propose a new item that we call circuit bootstrapping and that allows us to switch between a SATA text of type AWE to JSW. With the previous solution all of them are test of circuit bootstrapping idea and they are homomorphically evaluate the equation of the SATA text of JSW. This involves to evaluate quality automata in level two or evaluate the compositions of semi-linear automata in level three and two. The two solutions allow us to degrease the noise and also to to switch in the types of the SATA text but both are very slow and in this work we propose a faster circuit bootstrapping that use directly the internal structure of the JSW SATA text. The new JSW SATA text is composed by a matrix and each matrix is composed by lines and each lines is SATA text of NWU. Here we have the generic formula of the SATA text and now the goal is to reconstruct this matrix line by line. Starting with the SATA text of NWU the first step is to apply a bootstrapping in order to degrease the noise and to divide the message and the second step is to apply the private key switch in order to mix the message directly with the key. Now you see we have our needed element and we can reconstruct the matrix of the SATA text of the JSW. In TEPG we have two different strategy for the bootstrapping. The first one is the circuit bootstrapping model that I just explained to you and the second one is the gate bootstrapping that we presented last year. This bootstrapping is faster but be applied after each binary gate. For the circuit bootstrapping we know that our circuit bootstrapping comes in 134 milliseconds but is applied only after many gates and the transition is very fast only 34 microseconds. The circuit bootstrapping is used for the compositions of automata and in other hands we have the gate bootstrapping model. The gate bootstrapping is applied after each binary gate and now bootstrapping binary gate comes in 13 milliseconds. Our binary gates have the same same cost and the composability is very easy we can compose all of them. Now we want to compare the two modes, the circuit and the gate bootstrapping and we are interested by some limited functions and in this picture we have in red the gate bootstrapping mode and in purple and blue we have the circuit bootstrapping mode for the multiplication of two numbers of gate bits we see that the gate bootstrapping is the best strategy, up to 4 bits and after that the best strategy is the circuit bootstrapping but the good news is that for the following multi-conscription we need only one set of parameters and we can always switch between the different modes and therefore use always the optimal solution for an arbitrary function represented by a hookup table we use here the lab scale and we can observe that the speeder between the circuit bootstrapping and the gate bootstrapping is almost 1 million and for a TVG it's an open source library and you can visit it in the GitHub address the circuit bootstrapping is also implemented and available to the experimental branch we have tested our library for a very huge circuit with more than 150 million binary gates and with that more than 100,000 the objective of the test was to test, to verify the correctness of the equation and also to verify the independence heuristic in this heuristic we assume that the noise of the input are independent and for motion distribution therefore the noise of the output are also independent and will also for motion distribution under standard deviation that we can pre-comput in this curve we see the predicted values in the purple curve and in the blue one the experimental and we can see that they are much perfect here and they are much below the red one and the red one is critical for the correct equation now to conclude in this work we propose a new backing technique the heuristic backing we propose a new computational model the way to find the automata and also a new multi-counter that he said we also propose a faster circuit bootstraping that makes the level and the full information more practical in the paper you can find also some example of parameter set and more comparison between the different optimizations and for future we still work to make the full market contribution more and more practical thank you very much for your attention any questions for Ilaria and or Maria next up can you go back a little bit once you talk about this particular function is a lead but it is lead but if it is maybe just shout the input of the function is very long maybe 20 piece or 3 piece you will have to do that so how can you avoid that there is something you want us to go through the virtual backing you are talking about table table this table this table is very large how can you avoid that ok you can back larger you can give me an example of large for you if you have 20 piece you will have to do the table 20 piece you have to back 20 you can do it with 20 containers 20 being the WB side effects because you need every container one one million yes we have 10 containers yes you have 2 to the power of 10 containers so if you have 2 to the power of 20 you have to do containers let me ask but if you have 2 to the 40 you have 40 piece input you will have a feeling entry and by your by your method maybe you have to do that I mean it is still it is measured look to me this method doesn't work for complicated functions am I correct or I am using a separate does it work for for a very large functions with long foots for example you will do some humming on some long strings this method we have also an improvement on 1000 because we back them up at 1000 with the actual parameters we will also work but yes the difference the improvements will be a factor of 1000 compared to before we can always at the place to apply the operation only to 1 bit to apply directly in the same time on the 1000 and okay so I think this doesn't work I think it is best to take the discussion online so if there are no further questions let's thank the speakers again


I swear to God, the only thing that gets me through life is a matcha latte. I love it so much. Hi, beautiful. Today, we're watching people chop the sh** out of their hair. They're gonna go from super long to super short, and I can't wait to see how it looks. Oh! So let's check it out. Up first, we have a video by Mia Maples. We are starting off the year with a very questionable decision. Her hair is so long, so thick, and so beautiful. Sad to see it go, but excited for a different style because her hair is beautiful, but I feel like it's almost weighing her down a little bit. It's just a lot of hair.   I do want to go as short as I can. I literally want to cut it better.  Like chin length above chin? What? Damn, that's a lot of inches cut. Oh my God, I was in such a sh** mood today, and then I came and watched the video, and all of a sudden, I'm just happy again. I love my job sometimes. Sometimes it gives me a mental breakdown, but sometimes I love it. So from the top of my head, my hair is, I don't even know, let's see, 26 inches of hair. Goals! I'm gonna get rid of 15 inches. 15 inches? What? Oh my gosh, I'm so afraid. Like if you guys comment and you're like, why did she do this? It's literally going to send me on a spiral. Please don't do that. Even if you're thinking it, don't. I'm not in like a good mental space. You can't do that to me. Just kidding. We have to section my hair. This isn't a tutorial, oh gosh. So here's where we're at. I'm getting very scared because I look bad right now. It looks as if she might have followed my tutorial. Obviously there's a million tutorials out there on how to do this, but she did do it. Exactly like I said. This might look good if I could properly help you. But she did put it into four quadrants. Great. Love that. It looks nice and smooth and straightened. Love that. And when she put the elastics in the back, she put them in as the hair sits and then she pulled the section forward. That is why she has that little bump in the back. So that's great. Because if you pull them forward and you put an elastic in at the same length as the front section, you're going to end up with a weird like shape like that in the back. It's going to look terrible. Oh my God, I'm so afraid. Oh. She went for it. No. What? That looks good. I wanted to be like fun and playful short, not like structured short. But here we go. Well it still needs a lot of layering and a lot, a lot, a lot of stuff. You can't just leave it blunt like that. Well you could. The person telling you not to is me, but you know. One little trend said no. Every cut makes me more and more excited. Oh my God, though. That is short. 2023 is my year of being chaotic. That side's not nearly as good. Wait a damn second. What is this? What happened there? Are we going to skim over that or are we going to talk about it? It's a little uneven. You know what I mean?  Not exactly what I was thinking for you. I was thinking more of like a, but if staircase cuts are your thing, then go for it girl.  Oh, it is short. It is such a crazy difference from what she had before to what she has now. Look at the screen. This is my hair. The first thing I want to do is I want to like do a little bit of cutting on the bottom just to make it like not so harsh. We got to put in the layers, dude. Elevate the hair.  That is what I want you to do, but like a less extreme version of it is that you just have some layers and that will help the ends not be so chunky and so blunt, you know. Point cutting. Yeah, that's definitely an option here, but it's just going to be a lot to point cut all of that. And it's just not going to give you the right effect. It's not going to give you like a layered effect. It's going to give you just a thinned out effect on the ends of your hair. Because right now it's very, very harsh, so I'm just going to go in like this. Decide detail. And when you guys point cut, you got to go deeper with it. You know, we can't just do the ends, I guess. You can just go around the ends of the hair, but you got to go deep with it. Go, go, go, go deep with it. And also, if you want that point cut to be a little more noticeable, you can just tilt the shears this way and point cut into it. That way it takes out little triangle pieces. You know what I mean? Instead of just little single pieces at a time. Okay, so I had to wet it because we're going to do some face framing.  And that's kind of how it played out in my head. Wait, wait, this all happened so quick. We were doing everything that I hoped she was going to do. All the face framing and everything. Okay, second, she really just cut that quickly. I'm going to form with that one. Hey, this makes me so happy. She's doing such a good job, and she's doing everything that I wanted her to do. Hey, hairdressers, look away, because you're not going to like what I'm doing here. Oh, I can't see. It's so short. I can't even see my hair. I was literally just thinking, what the f**k is going on? Because it was going so good, and now it's going so random. And I don't know where we went with this. What are we grabbing? What section are you grabbing right now? What is that? And then cut? I don't know where you're going with this. I'm loving how much body it has. I've never had this much volume. It's giving body. But it's so puffy at the bottom. But okay, I'm going to do a little wolf cut moment. Yes! Yes! I'm not sure that's a wolf cut, but I'll take it. Here it is. Oh my gosh. There is so much body in my hair right now. I have always wanted volume in my hair, and because it was so long and heavy, I could never get it. It's also so cute. You can pin back little pieces of hair. Oh my God. This is like an 80s haircut sleigh. With the styling, it's giving 80s gorgeous 70s even. Just so body full and voluminous. She actually did a good job on the cut. I'm interested to see the back, but from the front, it looks like a f**king sleigh. I feel like I'm re-excited about my hair to style it. I want to figure out what works and just loving the change and who knows. I encourage you guys if there's something you want to try out with your hair. I hate to even say it, but YOLO? Oh! You did such a good job there. I want to so badly see you with some Marilyn Monroe style curls going forward towards your face and having an S-pattern wave in the front. I just think you would rock it and this is great. You just look so much different. You look great before too, but you look a little bit more like, whoa! In the end. You know what I mean? More like, ah! I'm living my life. Boop, boop, boop, boop, boop. Up next we have a video by Gold Buzzcut.  Hold on. Your hair is also stunning.  I can't wait. Hello everyone. Goodbye my hair. Girl. I was really like, whoa, and then it took you 10 years to cut five strands. Cut through it. Just cut it off. Chop it off.  Oh my God. Whoa. That is short. Oh yeah. She said she's going to buzz it. Okay. All right. Because I was going to say that's a cut. Hair no more. I would have donated all my hair, but I haven't died, so I'm totally feeling this already. You can actually donate colored hair now. I used to only be able to donate virgin hair, but that is no longer the case. I got to be honest. I have never seen anybody hold scissors like that. I don't know if you noticed, but her fingers are not in the actual scissors. They're actually just on the outside of them, which is an interesting way to do it. It doesn't seem like the most effective, but I don't know. I baffled. Yes. Leave it like that. That mullet is giving, it is eating. This is business in the front, party in the back vibes. This is so primary school. This is so fun. All right. I'm keeping my fringe like this, guys. Yes. The emo cut. I would have loved to be in high school. All right. We need hair cutting scissors because these are just not cutting it. Literally, these are not cutting it. Oh, I'm so funny. Oh, we missed the spot. Basically, I'm making this. Basically, I'm making a cloud on myself. Oh, there's already a lot. Oh, there's going to be a lot. There's going to be a lot of extra wigs, heads with like wigs, and then hair styles. And then you just kind of like play with them. Ladies and gentlemen, it's all my hair. That is so much hair. I didn't realize she had that much hair. When she held it up, that is a major amount of hair she cut off. That's incredible. Is this her boyfriend helping out? I love when you get the significant others involved in a cut. It is just so much fun and empowering. Whenever I have a boyfriend, you know I teach them how to cut hair. You know I do. Every time. And they get good at it. I feel like I'm running through boyfriend. I literally, it's not, no. The couple that I've had, they do good. Oh well. It's going to grow back. You're not happy with it. It's going to grow back. We are taking inches off. Well, she took off like 13 inches, and now she's taking off the rest so then they can shave it. Honestly, the hair is good to be shaving right now, but I guess we can do the extra step. Something's happening, but I'm not quite sure what it is yet. Or if I like it at all. Like I need to see a little more to understand what the vision is. It feels so strange. That it feels so nice. Yeah, this makes it. I'm feeling it. I might not be looking it, but I'm feeling it. Wait, those little bangs in the front that she left are kind of iconic. Imagine if she colored the whole back of her head black, and then she colored the bangs like blonde. I don't know. It'd be kind of a fun look. I'm just kidding. Okay, we have the clippers out now. Let's shave it. She is scalping herself. So good. This is the finished look. I actually really like this style. As I shave my head, it feels kind of natural for some reason. It's like I was supposed to do it or I had done it before. I think I want to grow it out just a little bit more so you can just see where my hairline is. So far, I really like it and I feel like I'm just going to rock this hairstyle. I love it. It is so completely different than what she started with. Look at this. What? That's what she looked like before. This is so punk rock and cool. I want to see with a glam, smoky eye moment. I don't know. Makeup with a bald head just makes me so happy. Is that just me? I don't know. They just balanced each other out. So she looks incredible. I honestly love that you brought us this scalp. I think it just looks so much more badass that way. When you grow it out a little bit, maybe do a color or something, like bleach it.  I don't know. Something of that nature. It'd be kind of sickening on you and by kind of, I mean very sickening. Up next, we have a video by Simone Danielle. I just want to be bald, so I'm going to do that. I just want to be bald. I love that. Yes, I'm doing my second big chop. I know I said I never cut my hair off again, but that was a different mindset.  I need a bit sad to see them go, but excited for her at the same time. There's just so much movement. I just know if I felt that hair, it would be so hydrated and soft, and the blowouts she could get. Ooh, smooth, silky, soft.  I've done it. I've had hair down here and I shaved it and I was like, oh, I kind of wish I could make it. I was just thinking about my hair being long and I got sad because I want long hair, but I don't want it every day. Within the past week, there have been a lot of intrusive thoughts about cutting my hair off. I just remember like, first and foremost, I miss palm in my head. I like the technique she's going for. Just kind of grabbing sections and going at it because she's got curly hair. If she's going to wear it curly, it's more about like shaping it visually, looking at yourself, kind of knowing the shape you want and going from there instead of like with straighter hair. You can see a lot more of those like messy, longer bits and things going on. You need to kind of cut everything the same around the entire head. This is more like making a shape and a sculpture when it's with very curly hair.  I miss filling my scalp. I miss the wind. You know what I'm saying? Like just caressing my scalp. I give it to curly hair people. I know how much work you put into your hair. I know every day you can't just wake up and just out of the door. It's a whole thing. It's a whole routine. It's a whole moment. Every single time you want to do anything and look cute. I don't know how you do it, but whatever you're doing, it looks good. Also, I really just miss the convenience of it. Waking up, wet my hair, putting a little product in it and going. But it's different for me this time around. I have the goal and intention to just have fun with my hair. Those are some cutting shears. They are long, they are sharp, and they are going through that hair nice and easily except another person holding the shears very oddly. Is this something that always happens and I never noticed it? What is that grip? I plan on going crazy with the colors, with the styles. This sh** is going to be fun, bruh. Yes, I see you with some neon colors. Bright, bright green.  The overall goal was to just start over and regrow my hair. But this time, it's different.   Okay, so she finished the cut and apparently we're getting into some color. Let's do it. I'm in for the ride. It is box dye, which is fine, but also at the same time, let's make sure we use it correctly.  Luckily, your hair is very short now and the box color is going over virgin hair, which is fine. You can do that. You probably will result in a good look, so I'm for it today. But to go against that, it's very empowering. I'm not trying to be all dramatic with it, but that's literally how it feels like it's just something about going against societal norms in general that is just so empowering and uplifting. It's like, bro, I'm unstoppable. I'm f***ing invincible. Yes. I get it. Who cares?   Grow along. Do whatever makes you happy. Society. Happy with you. Because that's just like corny, you know? I know this was a short video, but I just wanted to get straight to the point because none of the dramatics are necessary. I already did that the first time. I'm not going to do it the second time. Wait a minute. Why is it still brown? Why does it look darker? Grow lighter. Yes. The before was iconic, the after was iconic. Such a different look, but I love it.  Because screw on. You got one left to live.  Color crazy colors.  Don't quote me on that one, but just do it. You know, it's just hair. It grows back and let's have some fun with it. It's not that serious. If that means you want to ruin your hair, fry it. Go for it. That's up to you. You own that. And if you want to make your hair feel luxurious and look luxurious, do it. That's up to you. I like the latter, but again, it's up to you. But great job. Well, the styling, the cut, the color looks really good. I want to see you do some fun things with the color though, really badly. Maybe next time. Well, those were some massive chops. So much happened in those videos. I loved it.  Like please, if any of you are thinking about cutting your hair off, make a video. I want to see it. It makes me so happy and so excited for you. And I can just see through the screen that it's like a new beginning for you. And I don't know. There's so much power in hair and there's so much power in not having hair. Anyways, if you guys want to check out my haircare line or my hair color line, you can do so with the links right down below or go to xmodohair.com. That's all for today. Thank you for watching.  And I'll see you next time. Bye.


Hey Co-Friends, I'm Bianca Renee and you're watching Bianca Renee Today and today I'm going to be organizing, rearranging and giving away most of my hair product collection. Yes, it's that time again. I've done a deep purge before and many of you benefited from that purge where I did a huge giveaway and gave away so many products but somehow both of my shelves are full again. So I just think I want to get rid of my shelves. I think it's time to retire them. I no longer want to live in a target aisle. I think it's just, this is just too many products in my bedroom. It's just like not part of my aesthetic. So I don't know where I want to put my products yet. Like my closet, buy something with doors and my bathroom. I just, I don't know where to put them. So all I'm going to do today is just put everything in boxes just away and narrow down to the top products that I grab for all the time that I'm just going to keep in my bathroom. So I'm going to have like my main products and then everything else is going to be like replenish or do a video on it storage type of location. That's TBD. So leave your product storage solutions in the comments but let's get started. All right, we're only going to keep the essentials. I got the giveaway box, it's pretty large and the keep box. Let's begin. Okay, to be completely honest, I don't know if I'm giving away any of my Christmas stuff. I mean, okay, maybe I'll share, but we're definitely keeping some of these out for easy grab. Okay, if we're talking bare necessities, the simple bare necessities. I'm keeping my wash and scrub detox probiotic out. I'm keeping the fragrance free leave in. I'm keeping a shine gel, stronghold, level nine, maybe a small flexi jelly, a hydro cream mask, sorry too many. Got to keep some bonding oil for sure and my super slip prebiotic primer and under the post biotic calming conditioner. Everything else I'm going to put away. Do I even have any doubles of things? Keep out, keep out, super slip, keep out, keep out, my oil, weightless air dry cream, keep. Okay, I have two jellies. Maybe I'll get rid of one jelly. Okay, I'll be nice. I do have an extra shine oil. Maybe I'll be nice and give one of those away. Okay, I do have some extra hair growth things. Maybe I can share these going in the giveaway box. Okay, next section. This is skincare. This is a candle. I was supposed to be on the shelf skincare, skincare, lotion. Let's talk, not your mothers. Love all these products. I just haven't really used a lot of these in a while, so let me share the wealth. I will get rid of these. I will get rid of my triple threat brunette shampoo and conditioner only because I might be getting my highlights again soon. So I'll add these to the giveaway giveaway giveaway. Not because they're bad, just because I'm a hoarder. I always keep their dry shampoo and then forget that I have it, but I'm going to use it because it's silicone free and it's hard to find a silicone free dry shampoo. So yeah, keep these. I haven't tried this balm afro yet. This might need to be a next video, so I'm going to keep this to use soon. Pattern, I have the shampoo, I have a cream, I have their gel, I have a treatment and their masks. I'm going to add all of these to the giveaway box. So then this Sunday, I got to keep these from my braids, protective styles, got to keep all my riso scrolls. These are actually getting low. I have a shampoo, conditioner, and the gel, must haves. Okay, inner sense. I create finish. I have two I create finishes. This one's more full. I guess I could share the more full one. Hydrating hair bath. I probably just need like a hydrating shampoo, hydrating conditioner. I will share my mass, hydrating mass, and a detox mask. I do like the loose, the pure harmony shampoo and conditioner. I'll add these to the giveaway. I create volume. I create hold. Yeah. I'm going to keep all these. I create shine. I haven't even used this yet. Riso's Curl Shine Oil, got to keep that. I do have another one, so I will share one of my Riso's Curl's oils. I do have two of the Riso's Curl's hair masks, but this is like my new favorite mask, so I don't know if I'm going to share. I'm sorry. I might be greedy on this one. Maybe. Okay. Maybe you could have one. I can call Julissa for another one, right? Yeah. Okay. I'll share one. I'll share one. Okay. This shelf, we got a lot of miscellaneous going on. I have some Riso's Curls in the wrong spot. This is the refresh and the Tangle Spray. Got to keep one of these. Then I do see some more Sunday to Sunday in the back. I'd give this away, but it's kind of halfway empty, so I guess I'll just keep it. I'm going to keep one of my bread, Deep Conditioners. I haven't really talked about them much, but I want to try again. Oh, this is our hair wash. Yeah. Let me keep playing with this. I haven't tried this yet. I want to try it. Let's just hit this can to Maui Moisture section. What is this? Coconut Gel. Oh, this gel is amazing. I use this gel on my son all the time. Got to keep this one. I haven't really played with their smoothie. I've only tried the Shea Moisture Smoothie, so I'll keep both of these. I'm not a huge fan of the refresher. I have a lot of shampoo and conditioner, so I'll get rid of all the Maui Moisture Shelf Poops and Conditioners. Giveaway. Elongating Gel. I'm going to keep this. Okay, can too. I still have so many new things to try, like their Protein Mask, their Shine Custard. I might get rid of the Shea Moisture Kids Detangling because conditioner did better. I want to keep the Anti-Dandruff ones, and this Hair Mask that I haven't really got to try on yet. Love your curls, deep conditioner, and a gel. Got to keep one of each. Got to be gel is just needed for my wigs and super extreme slick down days. Twist. What should I keep? What should I give away? I'll just give away both of them. I do like this Co-Wash. Okay, I'm going to keep the Co-Wash. I'm going to keep the gel, and I'll give away the rest. Curl. Love the Light Hold Cream Gel. They're leaving conditioners. Also great. Oh, body cream. I got to try the lotion. This needs to go off the shelf. Deep conditioner. I'll give you some more Twist. Soft hold. I'll give you guys a soft hold. Weedad Moose. I'll keep it. I'll give you guys some Trelux. Some more Maui. I am going to keep my Curl Supreme though. This is my favorite. It looks like I have two deep conditioners. I hate pumps, so I'll give you guys some of the pump. But I'll keep the squeeze. You could have the shampoo. Stylers. These are both number three. This one's kind of janky. Oh, Curly and Kinky. I'll keep one of each so I have one. I do like their oil. My husband uses it a lot. And I haven't tried the new Ceremonia Pequit Gel, so I got to try that as well. Okay, lower section. I have my As I Am Colors. I do want to keep these just so I like to have every color. I have some Edge Controls, Smoothing Gel. A Mask. I'll give you guys these. Some more Bounce Curl, Shampoo and Conditioner. Yeah, I like their stuff. Pacifica. This is skincare, but oh, pomade for curls. Yeah, you guys get out of this. Little bit of purple left for my barely enough for like one streak of purple. I should probably toss this. Okay, I'll give you the Matching Not Your Mothers. Out of Brioje, I'm just going to keep this Do Not Despair Repair Protein Treatment because I haven't tried it yet. And they're a deep conditioning mask, and you guys can have everything else. Oh, I'm going to keep this mask too. Giveaway. Love this mousse, keeping it. This defining cream is a little thick for my hair, so you guys are going to have this bounce curl. I want to start taking some hair gummies, or hair vitamins, so I'll probably start taking these instead of my Curlsmith ones just to try something new. But the Curlsmith ones did work for me. This is Jalen's Sock. You can have it. Last shampoo and conditioner. Oh, these are both shampoo. Hmm, I only need one. I'm going to get out the nice new one. Ooh, another light cream gel. Okay, I found some more bounce curls, so I will share these. Oh, I've had their hairspray this whole time. I've been asking them for this, and I had it. All right, keeping this, you could have everything else. The rest is Ceremonia. I'm going to keep the Scalp Scrub and the Pequite Curl Activator and give away everything else. Okay, this shelf is a lot of miscellaneous because there's only like one of something. I'm going to keep this edge control. Even though I told myself I don't like it, I'm going to keep my wetline extreme. Kinky Curly, I'm going to keep unless it's gone bad. Definitely keeping my Matrix by Hi-Felicia, and I'll keep my pattern Scalp Oil for when I have braids, and I'll get rid of everything else. I'm doing so good, guys, I'm like shaking. Call them back up. Thank you, Jalen. You're doing such a good job. This is why we have kids, right, so they help. You helping mommy? Helping mommy. You're so nice. I love you. Heavy. That one's heavy? You're so strong. You're hulk? Let me see your muscles. Let me see. Go. Strong. Thank you. Okay, next top shelf. some more Sunday to Sunday. I'm gonna keep one of their Ed Flourish and they're revived me. Actually I'm gonna keep the Ed Flourish. I have a second one so this can be for a giveaway. No one's really talking about them but this Aveda Nutri Plentish line is amazing. So I'm gonna keep this entire collection and possibly do a video on them. Sultanicals not sauce is the only Sultanicals I really have and I have a mask but this is great keeping this. Haven't tried the rhyme or reason keeping that. Probably get rid of my mali moisture. I'll get rid of my way. Get rid of this one and I'll just keep one of the curl fresh definers and I'll get everything else away. These are really good though. Okay next row time to get ruthless.  I'll keep this Weed Ad Gel. I just bought this Carol's Daughter Wash Day Delight. We'll see how that works. I really like this mild organic hydrating conditioner. He'd protect it even though I like lily never straighten my hair but I'd like to have one just in case. Carol's Daughter Cocoa Cream Hair Mask. What is this gel? See how the naturals curls. I'll give it all away. Next row. Definitely keeping my matcha green tea out of my blossom by Not Your Mother's. I'll show my protein cream. Gotta keep my resale curls gel. Just got this baby dove. I'm gonna try that. Weed Ad Advanced Climate Control. I like these two. Gonna keep this IGK and I'll give it to this whole shelf. Alright this is like a good shelf. A lot of new stuff from Sally Beauty like my Sultanicals. Gotta try that. Wanna try TGI in. The new Maui Curl Oil Gel. More gel. More gel. More gel. Can you tell I'm a gel girl? Gel and Moose. Some more sundae to sundae. I'll keep this only because it's my only Uncle Funky's Daughter product. You guys can tell me to try them so maybe I will. And I'll get rid of this side. Last and final shelf. Keeping my Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Gel. Keeping my Pattern Edge Control. Pattern Gel. Keeping the Olaplex. Keeping my Tre Lux. Keeping... I already have some bounce curl cream gel so I'll give away that one. I think I already have this one. Ooh more Riso's Curls Mask. Okay I'll give it away. Gotta have my Dippity-Doo Micro Supreme. A little baby Eco Styler because it's cute. There you have one of these. Okay get rid of everything else on the shelf. Okay so these four boxes are all for giveaways and these are filled with really good things like the only reason I'm getting rid of them is because I just don't need 10,000 bottles of shampoo and conditioner. And I'm only going to keep these two boxes. I really really narrowed it down. Okay it's wrapped for me and my cleaning for the day. This is gonna be a very epic huge giveaway because I actually love all of these products and the only reason I'm getting rid of them is because I just personally I can't use them all so I'm gonna give them to you. I kept my two boxes but everything else has got to go. So if you want a chance to win all these things make sure you are subscribed. Follow me on Instagram at MsBianca Renee. Follow me on TikTok at MsBianca Renee and I'll be giving little tips in my stories and in my posts on how I'm gonna choose who's gonna get a whole box of products.  If you're gonna get a US address and don't fall for any scams. Okay I'm never gonna ask you to pay for the shipping. I'm not gonna ask you to download an app or anything weird. You'll know what's for me. Make sure my name is spelled right from my accounts only. I will never write you from some random giveaway account. Stay tuned and thanks for watching Bianca Renee today.


All right, I want to switch to Saudi Arabia because I think fascinating things are happening in Saudi Arabia. At least I hope so and Exactly what happens there has huge impact on us Why does there have a huge impact on us because the fact is that the Saudi royal family and Saudi billionaires millionaires whatever Saudi charities are the largest funders of terrorism. Maybe the second largest funders of terrorism after you run in the world Every time you see a radicalized individual They were radicalized by somebody who was funded or trained by the Saudis you see a long time ago More than 200 years ago The Saudi war family the Saud family cut a deal with a sect of religious fanatics called the Wahhabis The Wahhabis wanted to return to fundamentalist script-based Jihad based Islam and they said that the only way Islam would ever achieve its glory days again is If they went back to a strict interpretation of Sharia law and Basically, the deal was that we you Wahhabis rally the people Around us as monarchs and we will leave the spiritual world We will leave the teaching we will not challenge your dominance of the teaching of Islam so you get religion we get the state separation of state and church right and We will run the state based on your spiritual guidance You know as long as you don't interfere with our ability to accumulate money to go have orgies and monaco to dry fancy cars To hang out in the western bars and drink and do all that as long as you don't need to fear with that You can preach whatever you want to preach fund whatever you want to fund and what's happened over the last certainly over the last 40 years since 1979 is Partially in order to compete with Iran the Wahhabis have have basically Gone out there and helped fund all the radicalized Islamic movements around the world so they were behind al-Qaeda they Were at least originally very sympathetic to the Muslim Brotherhood and funded the Muslim Brotherhood and helped the Muslim Brotherhood when the Egyptians kicked them out They were ultimately funding and behind ISIS They are behind every mosque in the United States or in Pakistan and even madras that the school that teaches Islam in Pakistan or an Afghani standard Radicalized people to join the Taliban or or any one of the Islamist terrorist organizations all of that if it's Sunni The Muslims are either sheer to Sunni if it's Sunni, it's funded by Saudi Arabia and the war family has basically stayed out of it I think some members of the war family support us Fund it and coverage it Other members of the war family just stay out of it. They're too busy with the orgies or whatever and You know, they've been trying to be friends with the United States So they don't want to be perceived as enemies of the United States, but as the as the information leaked out on 9-11 It's clear that there was a Saudi At least linked to the war family connection to the 9-11 9-11 terrorist attack the Saudis were involved Saudi officials from the war family were involved And remember this war family Constitutes thousands of people Because of how many wives each man can have and because how many wives each king has had and how many children they have They have lots of children from lots of wives and they're just thousands of these siblings Because it's a massive war family which controls every aspect of life in Saudi Arabia except Religion That they have given over to the Wahhabis Now comes this crown prince Mohammed bin Salaman and He is 32 years old and He has been educated in the West and He has consolidated power. He is the defense minister He's basically in charge of internal security and in charge of economic policy He is the heir to the current king Salamon bill bin Abdul Aziz that means Solomon son of Abdul Aziz And he will become king Unless there's a coup unless he gets killed, but Prince Mohammed bin Salaman is expected to be king indeed It's expected that Salaman will will actually Resign his king abdicate abdicate is the formal word abdicate is king in order to allow a smooth transition So his son can take over anyway, he's 32 and He claims to be more modern. He claims to want to reform Saudi Arabia He claims to want to take away some of the religious authority from the Wahhabis He has actually put some Wahhabi preachers some of the more radical Wahhabi preachers in jail He has just recently arrested dozens of His own family members Uncharges of corruption Which is bizarre because of course they corrupt everybody's corrupt the whole basis of the Saudi economy is corruption For the royal family sucking out all the wealth created very little of it almost all from oil But so to me it's more than just it's not really corruption what it is is a power grab He's eliminating all his cousins and and his other family members who might have claim To the throne who might have different ideas about policy Not the same time. He's also telling the West We're gonna reform we're gonna allow women to drive We're gonna we're gonna loosen up our religious restrictions We're gonna reduce our support of some of those who use radicalized masks overseas. We're gonna shut down some of these Wahhabi extremists and You know, he's also in the process of taking the Saudi Arabian oil company. I mean, it's funny to call it a company because it's basically the oil family And take it public and they want to float five percent of it and they think that by the time it's it's finished It'd be valued at well over trillion dollars, which will make it the largest publicly traded company in the world more valuable than Apple and Google combined I think and the problem is that if they if they take the company public in London or in New York Then they're gonna have to abide by London in New York kind of disclosures and rules and They don't want to they don't want to disclose how the money is used They don't want disclose where the money goes. So now they're talking about all maybe maybe we'll just Do it on the Saudi stock exchange So a huge amount of going on is how do you maybe right now? It's fascinating at the same time At the same time they claim that the money they get over a hundred billion dollars from this sale of stock They're gonna use to divest the economy and by 2020 or at the very least latest by 2030 Oil will not be the primary source of revenue and then primary source of income for Saudi Arabia that it will have a diverse economy Really is that really is that even a possibility? Do they have the resources that they have that never mind the capital the money? Do they have the brainpower? Do they have the people? The expertise the knowledge to do that It's interesting so that he's got a whole plan He's gonna reveal I think next week and I completely reform the Saudi economy And at the same time reduce the impact the influence of Sharia law and in the religious clerics on life in Saudi Arabia And he's arresting his opponents and he's not it's just arresting them last week a helicopter carrying seven members of the wall family relatively senior princes in this bizarre hierarchy Had an accident and it crashed and everybody died Now nobody believes it was an accident and again getting rid of opponents Consolidating power Now add to that the fact that he is in particular a Hawk when it comes to his perception of the Iranian threat He believes Iran is Saudi Arabia's number one enemy. He believes Iran is the number one destabilizing force in the Middle East So he is fighting Iran in Yemen Yemen is a country that was taken over by pro Iranian forces Shia for Iranian forces not long ago and he is fighting a war in Yemen over Iran's influence in the Arabian Peninsula. He is fighting. I Think they initially supported ISIS because they were trying to fight Iranian influence in Iraq and Iranian influence in Syria now that kind of that kind of blew up in their face and now You know, they're really worried because Iran is in Yemen to their south Iran is in Iraq to the north Iran is in Syria to the north Iran dominates Lebanese politics to the northwest and An interesting thing happened this week really into Lebanon the Prime Minister of Lebanon was Visiting Saudi Arabia and during that visit. He resigned and it's not been seen since The tree just keeps building He is a he is a Saudi appointed Prime Minister if you will of Lebanon Lebanon is dominated by his ballah his ballah is a terrorist arm of Iran and again, I think the Saudis are trying to make a play. They told it Saudi Arabian citizens not to go to Lebanon not to be in Lebanon not to invest in Lebanon They are a complete ban on Lebanon So Saudi Arabia is playing a geopolitical game here trying to Protect the Middle East from Iran's influence and and I think a lot of this has to do with America's weakness and and you know the fact that America is not leading If you will the attack on Iran the protection against Iran Iran's developing Ballistic missiles, it's probably developing nuclear weapons It's It threatens not just Israel, but it threatens Saudi Arabia with those male weapons. I wouldn't be surprised if you'll see the Saudis trying to buy nuclear weapons from the Pakistanis who are Sunnis and What you're seeing is is a is a is an arms race a power struggle And it's fascinating and partially What's happening is the Saudi Arabia is getting closer to Israel now. It won't actually declare that but unofficially they are talks constantly between Israel and Saudi Arabia particularly about Iran and Syria and Iraq and Lebanon and Once a suspect one would suspect that if Israel actually attacked Iran because if you do honest a threat And you clear threat That's how do you radio would actually let it use its airspace? I'm not sure the Americans the Trump administration would let Israel use Saudi airspace But I think Saudi Arabia would So alliance is a shifting and where's the United States in all of this? No way. No way. I mean Obama Basically had an anti-American foreign policy that basically said Yep, we're gonna support our enemies We're gonna let ISIS grow up. We're not gonna fight them We're gonna leave the Iranians alone because they're not a threat We're gonna kind of deal with them and and we're gonna we're gonna, you know, just be friendly with everybody Trump Has I think no foreign policy. So it's not that he hates America. He just doesn't have anything He's done nothing in the Middle East so far other than dance with the Arabian princes in the Saudi Arabia Demand very little from them. The man almost nothing from the State Department actually was backing This guy the Solomon's opponents for a while So there is no foreign policy in the Middle East. We don't know what we're doing It's basically being run by the Russians and the Iranians Russian Iranian now Russia and Iran are now the dominant forces in the Middle East other than of course Israel The United States is out of the game. It's not a participant It's not it's not there and the Saudis feel that vacuum and are trying to fill it now I'm not saying the United States should be there I think it should because it should defend itself and I think there are people who want to kill us and And we should be defending ourselves from those people But I think we've been too involved in the intrigues of the Middle East that the Middle Eastern has handled the intrigues all we need to do And this will be my final statement on this issue.  You're not we're going to be in your intrigues Just beware.  No, no you're not under your on Brooks watch Maybe under Trump's watch. Maybe under Obama's watch. Maybe in those bushes watch But not under my butt. Well, I'm not gonna have a watch because I'm never gonna be president. All right. All right It's about that time


So, this is the, now this is the VN diagram as per another regulation. What is the difference in this diagram compared to the previous one? The previous one was from AP 970, this is from FAR 23. What difference do you see between this diagram and the previous diagram? No, do not worry about numerical value because that comes from the regulatory body whether it is 3 or 9. Look at the, look at the figure and tell me is there a difference in the figure compared to last time. So, what is the difference? The point, point D. So, what happened in the previous one? There was a cut given, correct. So, between C and D there was a point, between D and F there was a point and there was a cut given. So, the question is there is a cut in this on the bottom, but not on the top. So, do you think other things remaining same that means the aircraft class remaining same therefore NZ maximum will be the same and that minimum will remain the same. Do you think it is more difficult to design as per AP 970 or FAR 23? So, the numerical value of the NZ max and min will remain the same whether you do AP 970 or FAR 23 these numbers will come from the aircraft you are designing. So, in both the cases which one will impose more constraints and why? Which one will impose more constraints and why? Anybody who can answer this?  Please take a mic constraints. Yeah, the answer is right, but why? Correct. The portion that has been cut off and thrown away in AP 970 means that you do not have to show compliance in that area which means at a speed between VC and VD in AP 970 you do not have to show that NZ equal to NZ max will occur. So, it is a concession you are right here basically the aircraft could be operated at any point inside this diagram okay. This diagram represents the limit of operation. Take any point let us say there is a point which is A. At point A you have some VA and you have NZ maximum that means the designer has to show that at a speed VA if the net load factor is equal to whatever 2.8 or whatever as this figure the aircraft structure is safe. So, any point in this diagram should be structurally manageable by the aircraft. So, if I give a cut and if I exclude some portion I am giving a concession. So, yes AP 970 is giving a concession, but why are they giving a concession and why are they not giving a concession? The answer is that AP 970 is meant for military aircraft and this is meant for other aircraft general aviation etc. etc. AP 923 is normally for small aircraft. So, it so happens that the regulatory body who has given permissions for this class of aircraft they feel that this is an area in which a rookie or a unskilled pilot may take the aircraft by mistake. So, we do not want to give a concession whereas the fighter aircraft pilots are generally very trained pilots. Secondly, we will see very soon you can answer the question actually when we go little bit towards the end. Now, let us look at the various parts of the VN diagram. We have this part which is O2A. So, O2A is a parabolic curve and it refers to the stalling angle of attack. How can we say that? Why is it referred to stalling angle of attack? Because it represents the maximum permitted load factor at the lowest possible velocity along the line. Now, in that we have marked one line called as VS. VS basically stands for stalling speed. So, do you think flight is possible on the left of the VS line? Sustained flight is not possible. Aircraft cannot maintain a speed lower than VS it will fall down. So, technically speaking there should be a vertical line at the VS line and the area on the left should be exempted because you cannot be there. So, that is the actual case that is what it is. So, VS is a numerical value of the stalling speed but the point which is shown is at NZ equal to 1. So, that point corresponds to level flight stalling speed. So, when the aircraft is flying at the minimum, now hang on a minute, the minimum permitted speed of flight is slightly more than stalling speed from safety point of view. It is normally 1.1 times stall speed, 1.15 times stall speed. So, let us ignore that that is the operating limitation. Technically speaking the aircraft can fly at V equal to V stall and now remember the x axis is equivalent airspeed. So, this is at any speed at any altitude. At any altitude there is a same equivalent stalling speed that is the beauty of equivalent airspeed. So, the pilot does not remember at what height I am should I have this speed. The pilot has only one speed to see in the indicator the true airspeed or the indicated airspeed which is the. So, the aircraft will stall at the same equivalent airspeed at all altitudes. So, there will be this point which is V equal to VS and N equal to 1. So, we call it as a 1G stall speed. You will see this in many aircraft documents. What is the 1G stall speed? That means what is the stall speed when the aircraft is in level flight. We have this speed called VA. What is special about this point VA? VA corresponds to the lowest speed at which N equal to NZ equal to NZ max. Do you agree? So, it is one of the corners of the VN diagram but it is the most important corner. Once again lowest speed at which N equal to NZ maximum. So, what is special about this point? Remember the formula for tightest turn and fastest turn. And I have stressed in the slides and I also asked a question in the quiz. What is the condition at which you have the tightest turn and the fastest turn? Highest load factor, lowest speed. That is the point. So, what will happen when you fly at VA? You are allowed to do the tightest turn. If you go tighter than that you are going to exceed the structural limit. So, you cannot do that. So, that is the corner speed. Now, why do you say that the lift coefficient is maximum? Why is it maximum? It is the least speed. So, lowest speed comes only when you are having CL equal to max. What are the implications? Implications are smallest turn radius, fastest turn rate, best turning performance. So, this is such an important point that sometimes we use it to compare two aircraft. Somebody says, how does F16 compare with let us say LCM? There are many parameters. We saw it last time also. One parameter is what is the corner speed? So, whichever aircraft has a lower corner speed, it will be better than the other from the point of view of maneuverability. Because if I can do the same turn rate and the same turn radius at a lower speed, I have an advantage over you because you have to fly at a faster speed to do it. When I am at a lower speed, I can quickly point my artillery towards you. So, two aircraft or let us say two versions of the same aircraft, F16, A, B, C, D, whichever has a lower corner speed is more maneuverable. And the chances are that in a combat situation, it will win over. In a dogfight situation, it will win over. So, just check out yourself, look for two combat aircraft, look for their corner speeds and then find out which one has one. It does not mean that the one with the lower corner speed will always win because there are other things armaments, pilot skill. More important is nowadays there is no need for a dogfight. You have fire and forget weapons. So, let us say I want to bomb this television. I can go this way, I can go this way and fire the missile and then go that way. The missile will turn and hit the television. Why should I come towards the television? Dangerous because I will not be welcomed by my enemies here. Ajao, please come and hit. They are going to be ready with their artillery. So, nowadays we have FNF weapons so all this discussion is all meaningless. But suppose there is a situation where you have an enemy aircraft coming and we want to now intercept it and now you have this dogfight, then this corner speed becomes an important. So, we also call it as a design maneuver speed, but more common word is corner speed. Now the vertical, the horizontal lines A, A, C, D that line and the bottom horizontal line, this is not something natural. This is something which is externally imposed. We call them as the placard limit. What is my placard limit? In every aircraft there is a small placard saying do not exceed NZ equal to 3 and NZ equal to minus 1.8 or 1.5. It is listed. It is a document. So, this is not natural. Flight on the left of O and A is impossible. Naturally you cannot fly below low A. If the pilot wants to fly at a speed less than V stall, cannot. I cannot be operating at this point. Even if I want to, I cannot. Because aircraft will stall. Similarly, negative, I cannot.  But upper and lower limits are not natural. We will see how they are imposed and what happens if you exceed them. Then there is one speed called as a cruising speed. So, cruising speed is a speed which is a function of the wing loading of the aircraft W by S and a function of also the power and the thrust produced. And then you have a design diving speed. For VC cruise speed there is no number given. It depends upon the aircraft design and engine and all that and aerodynamics. But there is a maximum dynamic pressure which the aircraft can take from the structural point of view. After you design the aircraft for some structure. So, half rho V square is the dynamic pressure acting on the aircraft. Beyond a particular V, the aircraft structure will fail. So, that V is called as that. Normally you get that speed in a dive. Because if you can fly at some Mach number in level flight, you can fly faster than that in a dive. So, the maximum speed you can ever attain will be only in a powered dive. Imagine diving with engine full on, with afterburner on. So, you might exceed this speed because power plant is very powerful. However, you do that, the structure fails. So, therefore, one limit is imposed by the designer himself, not by the regulatory bodies. That typically this number is 20% higher than the cruise speed, typically for transport aircraft. For military aircraft it could be much higher than that. But whatever it is, there is a vertical line. Beyond this I cannot go. Even if I want to go, I cannot go. The structure will fail. On the left of this I cannot go because aerodynamics will not permit me. Above and below I can go. I can go but there is a problem. So, this becomes the operational VN diagram. The areas on the top right and the bottom right which are actually cut by the AP 970, they are cut because of experience. Because of the power plant limitations, you really cannot go there. So, these areas are not operationally possible. Structurally possible but because of the power plant limitation. So, we come back to the VN diagram as per AP 970 because in some cases there may be an assignment to do the calculation for this. So, it is just a method. It just says that there are these various numbers given. So, there will be some formulae for N1, N2, N3, N4 etc. In terms of, can somebody answer this question? His question is that we talked about dependency of VN diagram on angle of attack. But we have forgotten that now. We are only worried about speed. Yes, what is the answer? Yeah, what you say is true. If you are approaching, if you are flying at the highest speed, the alpha will be the minimum. But his question is that for any point inside the VN diagram when you fly at that speed and that load factor, what did you do about the angle of attack? So, the answer is very simple. The angle of attack automatically gets fixed when you have a fixed speed. Remember, CL is equal to alpha into DCL by D alpha. So, the moment let us say I am flying level, lift is equal to weight N equal to 1. So, depending on V, there will be some alpha. They are related. Let us say I am maneuvering N equal to 3, lift equal to 3 times the weight. So, L will be equal to half rho V square SCL. Equal to this weight. So, CL will be N times W upon rho V square, rho SV square. Once you have a V, you have some CL. That CL is only at some angle. So, angle is taken care automatically. So, NZ depends on angle, but we have replaced the angle by AOA, we have replaced the angle by CL. I am saying that when you have the calculation for NZ, that much lift has to be created by the aircraft with the given density, with the given area. So, the only variable is V. So, once you fix the V in the VN diagram, there is a corresponding angle at which L equal to NW. So, it is taken care. You do not have to say I want this V and this alpha. It is not possible. You cannot fly at different alphas at the same V. For a particular V, alpha is fixed at which CL equal to CL required. So, that is why we do not have to worry about angle of attack. That is why in aircraft, you do not talk about nobody ask the pilot at what angle of attack are you flying. You know, I do not know. My V is so much. So, my aircraft has automatically trimmed to an angle at which the lift I need is coming from this aircraft at the appropriate angle. The only thing is I cannot exceed angle of stop. Let us go ahead. Any more doubts? So, you see now this particular cut which you saw in AP 970, it is not a fluke. It is given because they know that that area you cannot go because the power plant is unable to give you that much NZ at that much speed. So, they give you a concession a priori. That is the maximum sustained. In the vertical direction. In the vertical direction. The gain diagram is for a particular aircraft. Yeah, let us say 4. NZ equal to 4. Okay. No, no, no. Not necessary. Okay. It can. The point is, the point is, yeah. If you fly, let us say the line A to C represents locus of operating points at which you are flying at the maximum NZ at various velocities. So, let us say dive pullout. You are doing dive pullout at V equal to 200 knots. NZ equal to 6. You do it now at V equal to 200 knots. NZ equal to 6. You do it at 300 knots. NZ equal to 6. But when you fly at speed 200, 300, 600 knots, alpha is getting fixed. So, that is what I told him. I said we do not care about at what alpha it is happening. Yes. AP 970 and FR, the difference I am talking about is this cut. This cut. This cut CD is prescribed or permitted only in AP 970. In FR 23, there is no cut there. So, these concessions are given by regulatory bodies.  It says, we know that you will not be able to fly in this area anyway because power plant will start packing up before anything else. So, they give you a cut. There the regulatory body says there could be a pilot who is at a very high speed and pulls the G so that you come in this area. So, that is the difference. So, the regulatory bodies decide the pattern based on the aircraft type which they are dealing with. Somebody might say that I will not even give this cut. No, I will not give this cut. If you see the FR 23, they give a cut in the bottom because they have found out that it is very difficult for even a rookie pilot to be at negative load factor and very high speed and very high load factor. So, they have given a cut because otherwise the designer has to design the aircraft for such a high load at such a high speed. Hang on a minute. Half rho V square is the dynamic pressure acting on the aircraft. If V is more, load is more, that is only a ratio. You are forgetting that the load on the structure is not the load factor. Load factor is a ratio of maximum lift upon aircraft weight. But that lift comes from where? From dynamic pressure. So, if the structure cannot take that, if let us say the wing breaks at half rho V square equal to some value. So, that is why there is a condition that you do not. So, the vertical line ensures that you never fly at a speed more than V d. Basically that is from that point of view. Let us go ahead and see. So, now we look at what happens when the pilot wants to exceed the limits. So, this is the V-end diagram. Now we go back to FR 23 just to show you an example. Yes, what is the point? What this diagram is saying is that these are the lines indicate the maximum load that aircraft can develop during any maneuver. No, no, no. They are not telling what the aircraft can maneuver. They are telling what the aircraft should not exceed. This is a regulatory diagram. Do not exceed this. You can take it both ways. Regulatory body says prove to me that the aircraft can fly safely at any point inside this box. This is what the regulatory body is asking the designer. Show me that any point in this particular, inside this particular graph, inside or on this graph is attainable by your aircraft. Plus it also says do not exceed this. So, now let us look at this slide. This will tell you something. Let us look at when you want to exceed. This area is impossible to fly. I have already told you. Why? Aircraft cannot have sustained flight in that area because of stall. Between that V s and point V a, is there any mechanism we can cross that line or it will automatically come back to that line? It will come back. If you go from n equal to 1 and v equal to V s, which is this point, this point. Suppose you, suppose you fly at this condition. So, V is more than V s and n equal to this value but less than n z.  V is equal to more than V s, but n is more than that value. You cannot because that line represents stalling. This whole line represents O a. The line O a represents flight at the maximum permitted angle of attack or CL max. Above this is not possible to operate sustainably. On the left of V s you cannot because you will stall. Above that if you go you will come back because the aircraft cannot sustain you. So, it has inherent tendency to come back to that line. Correct. You just cannot fly in that area. So, that is what I am discussing. In this region, even if you want to. What about this region? Why? Power plant. Power plant limitation. Because you have reached something like V max, thrust is equal to drag. Now you do not have more thrust to create more flight. Okay. What about regions above A d and below B e? Is it possible to go there? No. It is possible to go but sector might break. So, pilot can try to go and then experience. So, on the left and the right pilot cannot even go. Aircraft will not, will not cooperate little bit. Above A d and below B d, B e you can go if you have enough control power. You can go. Okay. So, let us see how. The problem is this if you have enough engine and control power. You can do that because what you need? You need to pull up very quickly or turn very quickly. So, if you have control power you can but there will be a problem. If you are passenger you will start vomiting and if you are a pilot then you can start experiencing structural damage. So, therefore that is why this dive pullout maneuver. Now look at many of the videos that are available on YouTube of aircraft disintegrating during dive pullout. Some very enthusiastic pilot pulls it into a dive and then it breaks. It has happened. That is why we call it as a checked maneuver. You have to check. So, the pilot simply cannot pull the control stick. Now, today's aircraft are such that the control system itself has an inherent limiter. So, that even a pilot who wants to commit suicide cannot do it. At least in the turn, you can take the aircraft to the ground. No problem. Because it is supposed to land. But if you want to do willful deviation of flight performance, the control system may come in way today. Especially if you have a flabber wire system, every input is an intention of the pilot which goes to the computer which says no, this is a sensible input. Sometimes it creates a problem also because the system misinterprets and we saw one crash happening. When the pilot wanted to bring the aircraft down to land but the aircraft thought it is a problem with the control system. So, the dive pullout maneuver is possible that the pilot may exceed NZ max but you do not allow the pilot to do it by training. So, this is a dangerous maneuver because you might be able to take it and cause a crash.