QuickBooks Online 2024, inter-transaction for the purchase of inventory using BankFeeds Overview. Get ready and some coffee because we're meeting the deadline with QuickBooks Online 2024. First, a word from our sponsor. Actually, we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers, they don't want to be seen with us.  Like our Accounting Rocks product line. If you're not crunching cords using Excel, you're doing it wrong. A must-have product because the fact as everyone knows of accounting being one of the highest forms of artistic expression means accountants have a requirement, the obligation, a duty to share the tools necessary to properly channel the creative muse. And the muse, she rarely speaks more clearly than through the beautiful symmetry of spreadsheets. So get the shirt because the creative muse, she could use a new pair of shoes. If you would like a commercial-free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. Here we are in our QuickBooks Online BankFeed practice file we set up in a prior presentation. Let's open up the major financial statement reports as we will start to do every time. The reports on the left-hand side within the favorites. We've got the balance sheet. We're going to right-click on that. Open link in a new tab. We've got the profit and loss. I'm going to right-click on that. Open link in a new tab. I would also like to add the trial balance to the favorites. It's at the bottom under the account. They put it way at the last report down here for my accountant. It deserves better. It deserves better. So I'm going to bring it up to the top, making it one of the faves. And then I'm going to right-click on the trial balance and open that in a new tab as well. Let's tab to the right now and close up the hamburger and we'll do a range change. I've been working in the first two months. So we're going to go from 010124, tab 022924. 29 days in February 2024. It's a special time, people, special time. We're going to say months and then run it. So there we have it. Let's go to the tab to the right. Let's close up the hand boogie and let's change that range to the same. 010124, tab 022924. Selecting the dropdown so we can see it month by month on the side by side. Run it to refresh it. Tab into the right one more time on the trusty trial balance, a good old TB. We're going from 010124, tab 022924, tab run it to refresh it. Remembering that we always want to have an eye on these major reports, at least the balance sheet income statement or possibly the trial balance, which is the balance sheet on top of the income statement because this is the end result. This is what we're trying to do. This is what we're trying to make possibly just for taxes at the end of the year or for other external and possibly internal reporting needs. Let's go on to the first tab now and now we're going to go into the transactions and we have uploaded our bank feeds so we're in the banking transactions and now we're thinking about inventory transactions. We've been looking at the outflow of transactions, which is often where the bank feeds fit best especially for small businesses who are not dealing with accounts payable but rather making electronic payments as they become due for things such as the telephone, the utilities, other utilities and whatnot. So now we've looked at some more complicated type of areas that deviate from that simple kind of setup which don't happen as often depending on the business such as the fixed assets, purchases of large things and then now we have inventory. So inventory is only going to be an issue if you sell inventory obviously.   Lawyers don't have any inventory. They have their own problems. There's other specialized things that you have to deal with such as possibly a job cost system in a service area but you don't have inventory and that could make it easier. But if you're in a business where you deal with inventory then there's a couple different ways that you might have to deal with inventory and obviously you're going to be purchasing inventory. That's when the inventory is going to impact the bank feeds and then when we sell the inventory then again we might have an impact on the inventory at the point of sale. So let's take a look at a flow chart. This is a QuickBooks desktop flow chart that we're using for online purposes because we just want to look at the flow of the forms which will be the same and get an idea of how the bank feeds would fit in depending on the type of inventory business that we are using. Now inventory is one thing that's going to impact both the purchasing side, the vendor cycle as well as the customer side, the sales cycle because we're going to be purchasing inventory, increasing our inventory and selling inventory, decreasing our inventory. Now let's go from the easiest inventory processing method to the most difficult inventory processing method. As we know with the bank feeds, the easiest thing to do is to just expense something on a cash-based system as the thing clears the bank. As we pay for inventory in other words, we'll see it come through the bank feeds. The easiest thing to do would be just to expense it at that point in time. So in some businesses you might be able to get away with that because if you're not holding on to a lot of inventory for example and possibly you're buying inventory specifically for a particular customer because it's a custom order or possibly you're creating something and you're making something that doesn't take a whole lot of time to create. It's not like you're creating, it's not like a job cost kind of system where you're constructing a building or something, you're making a necklace or something like that. Well then it's likely that by the time you get the materials to the turnaround time some necklaces I'm sure take a long time, I don't know. But I'm just saying that you would think that when you buy the inventory to the turnaround time when you sell the inventory you're not holding on to a lot of inventory. So in that kind of situation you might do the easy thing. You might still be able to say I'm dealing with inventory but I'm not going to track it on the balance sheet as an asset but just expense it when I purchase it. So that would be the easiest thing to do. You would just have the same kind of thing where it comes through the bank feeds and you would use an expense form which is like a check form recording it to cost of goods sold which means that you would have the cost of goods sold actually increasing the expense related to selling inventory before you sold the inventory, before you have the related income which isn't exactly proper. However, if the time frame to the point where you sell the inventory is pretty close then after you do that you're going to then have an invoice or possibly you sell the inventory and see the money come through on the bank feeds on the deposit side of things at which point you use a deposit form if you're doing a cash based system and you record the revenue when you get the deposit and if those two are pretty close to the same time then you might be able to get away with that. That would be the easiest thing to do. It would be a cash based kind of system. However, if you have a significant amount of inventory you would generally do that. So if I'm buying a stock pile of inventory I'm warehousing the inventory and then selling the inventory possibly I've let's imagine that I came up with a custom product that I have a patent for and I went to China and I asked them to manufacture it in China and they're going to basically ship it to me and I'm going to hold on to it and then try to sell it or something like that and then I have to track the actual inventory that I have on hand and there's going to be a significant difference in time between when I buy the inventory and when I sell the inventory therefore when I purchase the inventory I'll still see it come through on the bank feeds as I purchase it but it's not exactly proper to record it just as an expense at that point in time because really it's a similar situation as the equipment if you purchased a building the building as we saw hasn't made us money yet so the big example here is like if I bought equipment it's natural for us to say if I spent like $100,000 on a forklift or something I'm not just going to expense it at the point in time I paid for it because then I won't be able to match one period to the other one month to the other in terms of performance it makes sense to put it on an asset to say I have an asset of that amount and then I'm going to consume that asset or it's going to deteriorate in value as I use it over its useful life then we'll allocate using depreciation expense with the inventory it's the same kind of thing right when I buy the inventory I haven't used it yet I'm going to possibly be selling the inventory months into the future and therefore we should put it on the books as an asset and then at the point in time we actually consume it we use it how do we use it we sell it that's the point in time that we should be expensing it and even if you don't want to do that for tax purposes you might be required to do that as well in the United States so you're going to have to deal with that in some way shape or form so there's a couple ways that you could do that then you could track the inventory within QuickBooks and that would be using a perpetual inventory system in which we're actually tracking the units of inventory and the cost of the inventory which is going to complicate our bank feeds in the system you could try a system where you track the inventory in terms of units externally that's another way that you might be able to simplify things and still use the bank feeds you might say hey look I'm going to track the inventory on an external worksheet on Excel possibly your inventory is an online store like a Shopify, an eBay, an Amazon if you're using those we have another course or section on that and QuickBooks has its own tools that you can try to integrate with that but the idea there would be that you might most people would recommend that you might not want to pull all of the inventory transactions from a Shopify store for example into QuickBooks and try to track the inventory on a perpetual system within QuickBooks because you can track the units of the inventory on these other stores on the other platform on the Shopify platform or on Amazon and you're only going to clog up your QuickBooks system by adding all that data into QuickBooks what you could do instead is simply do an adjusting entry periodically when you need to possibly at the end of the month or if you're just doing it for taxes at the end of the year with the help of the accountant and then you can take the information from your other system in terms of units and create an adjusting entry for your books that's the other method that we could use or you might be doing it in Excel so you might use Excel for example and you're just counting the inventory which you could do on a nightly basis or on a monthly basis and when you buy the inventory you'll see it come through with a check form still but instead of recording it on a perpetual system you're just going to record it as an increase to inventory not tracking the units within QuickBooks and then you'll track the units in an external worksheet using a cost of good sold calculation so that would look something like this this is like a FIFO type of worksheet where you have the purchases the cost of good sold and then the inventory so when you purchase the inventory then you're going to record it in QuickBooks but just at the dollar amount and then you might track the actual quantity of purchases in Excel so for example here it costs us 400 dollars I mean I'm sorry 400 quantity 55 cost dollars per unit so the total cost was 22,000 that's what we would record in QuickBooks of 22,000 but not the number of units I'm counting the units externally and then as we sell the inventory what ends up happening is you'd have to use a flow assumption because and that would be the first and first out weighted average are the most common to or LIFO but weighted average are first and first out because the inventory even though we have the same amount of inventory the same kind of inventory could change in dollar amount so that's what gets a little bit confusing with it but the idea would be on the worksheet the simple calculation on the worksheet would be okay what if I just do this I'm going to format this cell I'm going to format Excel and go to do currency and then no dollar sign and then I'm just going to say that my beginning inventory let's imagine at the beginning of the night if I do this on a daily basis I had let's say 130 units and then let's say we purchase another 40 units then we have inventory available which equals the sum of these two I could have sold then 170 units the ending inventory we're going to say we count it we count the units that are left and if there are only like 60 units left we imagine that we sold this equals this minus this we sold 110 units see I can do this calculation on a periodic basis possibly at the end of the night the end of the week the end of the month the end of the year and then do an adjusting entry so I'm going to imagine that in QuickBooks I record all my inventory purchases as purchases tracking just the dollar amount not the units I track the units externally such as this with a physical count and a flow assumption which gets a little bit more complicated and again we have other courses or sections on that but the general idea is we do this calculation and then I can determine how much was sold allowing me to just do a journal entry in QuickBooks decreasing the amount that we have in inventory and recording the related expense periodically instead of perpetually on the books so that's the second method that you can do that can kind of be more reliant on the bank feeds you can track inventory externally that's the idea and then if you did inventory within QuickBooks and you wanted to track the inventory within QuickBooks then it's going to complicate the bank feed system when I purchase the inventory I can still purchase it I'll still see the purchases going through the bank feeds but I'm going to have to use what we call items in order to track the units of inventory and not just the account of inventory not just the dollar amount and that becomes a little bit more of a mess and therefore I might have to actually record the transaction first as an expense form and then use the bank feeds to match rather than using bank feeds to record the transaction when I sell the inventory then the inventory should decrease as I make the sale and this is the same thing that happens when you check things out at like a grocery store you know the sales price but the system also is decreasing the inventory in terms of units as well as dollar amount to do that in QuickBooks you usually have to use the sales forms invoices and sales receipts which again are not the forms that we see when we record a deposit in the bank feeds the bank feeds record a deposit form which isn't the form that allows us to track the inventory so again we'll have to then use more of a full service accounting system recording the sale of inventory with a sales receipt or an invoice and then use the bank feeds possibly to match out to those transactions or we enter the invoices and then we put on our side the deposit and then we use the bank feeds for those different scenarios in future presentations let's try to look at it one more way over here just to get an idea if you're doing a full service accounting system within QuickBooks it would require you to use the forms because if I go to the forms up top and I was to use an expense form for example to purchase the inventory I usually don't assign it simply to a category because then QuickBooks cannot track the sub ledger if I'm on a perpetual inventory system but instead I have to use the items and this items tab isn't basically there generally in the bank feeds so we'll check it out when you do the bank feeds you might not have the capacity to add the item which means you can't track the inventory in a perpetual inventory system so therefore even though the bank feeds create an expense form you're going to have to basically do the expense form yourself to put the proper item in place and then use the bank feeds to simply match to the expense form that you put in place if you're using a perpetual inventory system when you sell the inventory notice it's going to come through the bank feeds with a deposit form eventually right but the deposit form doesn't have an item on it so we can't record we can only assign it to a revenue account instead when we sell the inventory we have to use in a perpetual inventory system I have to use an invoice or sales receipt if I use these forms once again I have a product item down here that I can assign it to and if you're also if you're tracking inventory within QuickBooks then you have to set up the items which are in the sales tab and the products and services and so you really want to think about if you want to do that or not because if you have a lot of different types of inventory tracking the items within QuickBooks can be somewhat tedious and is one of the places where there are some limitations QuickBooks not being as good as possibly some other or you might need to upgrade and whatnot in order to really get a detailed tracking of inventory it's one of those areas that are kind of specialized so it could do some basic tracking of inventories but if you have a whole lot of different types of inventory then you want to think about what's going to be the best process for dealing with inventory do you want to track it within QuickBooks or not do you want to track it using some other kind of method and then do periodic adjustments alright if I look at the bank feeds let's go back to the dash here and transactions so notice if there was a money out like this one here like an office depot and look at this one again this will create an expense form but note that there's no place to put an item the inventory item that's the problem so we can't really assign it to an item okay so let's first just imagine like the easiest system and then we'll take a look at some examples and future presentations of the other systems so remember the easiest system would be I'm purchasing inventory I'm going to turn around and sell it you know right after I purchase it therefore the timing there's no timing difference I'm not holding on to inventory for a long period of time so maybe I can get away with just being on a cash based system and then in the next presentation what we'll do is we'll dive into well what if we're using a periodic system to track inventory doing an accrual thing in that case and then we'll take a look at the different and what if I'm doing a actual method alright so the easiest thing here let's say office depot we buy from office depot and then we tweak it or we sell it after we purchase it from office depot so we buy some whatever some wood there we whittle it down and then we sell it right it doesn't take a lot of time so we're going to sell it then I'm just going to say we bought it from office depot this time I'm not going to be putting it to machinery and equipment I'm going to put it to inventory not inventory though I'm not going to put it to the asset rather to cost of good sold so I'm going to put it directly to the expense even though I have not yet I have not yet sold it right because I'm going to sell it pretty soon and so I'm going to say there's the tag it's going to go to to office depot I could create a rule for it if this is my normal business although again I have to be careful with an office depot because sometimes I might be purchasing like or and sometimes I might be purchasing supplies so you have to be so that's one of those areas where you might be able to get some more complex rules to try to distinguish between if you're purchasing supplies or inventory or possibly machinery and equipment I'm not going to make a rule for this one though because we're just going to do an example for it so let's go ahead and so it's got the vendor let's go ahead and confirm it and so now if I if I go to the tab to the right these I'm sorry category I'm apologizing to the microphone again I'm going to go into the and here there it is so often no that's the thousand dollar one we just did this one so so there it is and then if I believe that's the one right yeah because there's no rule applied to it okay and so then if I go to the tab to the right and I run it we obviously if I go into the checking account we're going to see the transaction in the checking so we put it did I do the one for February I think I did it in February let's go back and yeah it's in February so I'll go into February and then so there it is the other side is going to cost a good soul it was created with an expense form if I go into that it shows the expense form and here's our expense form notice it it was assigned to the category not to an item this is the one that would track the units this is not tracking the units we didn't put it into inventory but cost a good soul directly so instead of going into inventory and then cost a good soul when we sell it we just put it directly over here to cost a good soul let's go to the income statement and check that out so now within the cost of goods sold that here it is in February February so there it is boom if I go into that there's the transaction so then if I go back so now it looks kind of funny because it's like okay wait a second there's a cost a good soul but there's no income usually the cost a good soul should be tied to the same period you have income that's why we do the inventory but we're going to sell the inventory fairly soon so if on the revenue side of things you're selling the inventory you could again do the same thing possibly wait till the inventory clears the bank and record it as a deposit when it clears the bank but it's likely that if you're if you're recording it this way and you're using QuickBooks the next thing that you might do is then invoice the client you're like okay I've whittled down whatever it is now I'm going to have to tell the client that it's due right that they can pay me like if it's your neighbor or something you could you can go talk to them right but if you're doing some other system the next thing would say okay I'm done with it I'm going to invoice the client to tell them and then hopefully have them pay me right and the invoice is going to be an accrual thing and therefore I have to record it before it clears the bank so I'm going to say this let's just make up a customer I'm just going to say this is customer one and we're going to invoice them and save and then I'm going to say the invoice number is there they can pay me within 30 days invoice date so 212 I'll keep it there because we did it in February let's make it a little bit later that's the invoice date I'm not sure when the original transaction let's put it there and then 216 they owe it on 317 and then I'm going to invoice them and so here's where we need a product right so I'm going to make an item but it's not going to be an inventory item so I'm going to say let's add an item and we're going to say this is the things that I'm selling I'm going to call it inventory item one whatever it is that I'm selling the item type is going to be whether it be service now it is inventory but I don't want to make it an inventory item because within QuickBooks that'll tell QuickBooks that you want to track the inventory in units not just dollars so we can keep it as a service item or like a non-inventory item even though we're selling the inventory so I'm going to say we'll just keep it there and then I don't need a category and then the description inventory item one and let's say that we sell it for $1,200 and I'm going to put it not into service income but sale of product income because we're actually selling inventory and so I'll put it they're both income accounts but I'll put it there now if we were and then I purchased this service from a vendor I'm not going to deal with the purchase side of things here I'm just going to say create and so now we're going to sell it for $1,200 now also if you had to deal with sales tax you could set up the sales tax here and deal with that the invoice is a form that can also help you with your sales tax calculations in which case you'd have to set up the sales tax at your location you'd have to then set up your items to say if they're taxable or not and then see if any customers are not subject to the tax or whatever but at this point what's this going to do it's going to increase accounts receivable because it's an invoice the other side is going to go to the revenue account of the $1,200 you're not going to have an impact decreasing cost decrease in inventory and recording cost of goods sold because we already did that we did that already so we're going to say because we just recorded the purchase directly to cost of goods sold so it's not going to happen with the invoice so I'm going to say let's save it and close it and boom and so if I do that if I go back to the balance sheet then and run it now we've got accounts receivable because we haven't collected the money yet but accounts receivable goes up and the other side is going to then the revenue so now the revenue looks correct in February looks appropriate right we've got $1,200 and the related cost of goods sold to earn that $1,200 was $6.78 so you see why there's an issue here if this one there's a timing difference so if I put this on the books and I don't actually sell any inventory until next year then it would look kind of funny right I should have them in the same period that's why we use that's why we put inventory in the books as an asset and then expense it either periodically or perpetually to put them in the same period however like I say if you buy inventory and you don't hold on to it for a long period of time and then you sell it you might still be able to get away with this because you're going to end up with the income and the expense basically in the same period in some cases and so then that would be the easiest thing to do so next time we'll get into the more complex thing to do is to say well now these things don't exactly match up so instead of recording the cost of goods sold as an expense we're going to put it on the books as an asset and if we put it on the books as an asset we're going to have to then track the asset and record it as an expense when we sell the inventory which gets a little bit messy to track because we have to determine which type of inventory we sold and what the cost of the inventory was and we can use either a perpetual or periodic inventory system okay so if I go internally here and I go back to my transactions so we recorded that one and so just note that if I go into my vendors my vendors in the offices tab we can see this activity happening here as well so the office depot transactions and if I go into my vendors here we can see the office depot and I can see the activity that has happened within office depot and then I can of course determine the expense category accounts that we recorded these too alright now if I go to my balance sheet where we stand at this point in time if you're following along so now we still have negative cash because we haven't recorded the deposit side of things we've got this accounts receivable because now that wasn't from the bank feeds we recorded an invoice which is a non cash transactions to demonstrate that and then we've got the machinery and equipment we now have a positive down here so the book value if we take assets minus liabilities there are none that means you have a positive value at this point of 376 allocated to us the owner of the business and so on the income statement then we have the total income and expenses here of the 1200 minus the cost to get sold minus the other expenses gets us to our operating income 376 which is part of the balance sheet in that it's included in the equity if I scrunch these two statements together into a trial balance here's the trial balance which is just basically the balance sheet on top of the income statement there's my cash account there's my machinery and equipment let's run it again there's my cash account there's my accounts receivable asset cash is negative that's why it's a credit it's an overdrawn because we haven't recorded deposits of money in the income statement revenue minus expenses this income statement makes up equity and I can see that if I was to change the date 010125 to 010125 to the next year where it will close out the income statement accounts to one number in retained earnings now I just have in essence the balance sheet accounts


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fortable with i gladly include that it that has to be a two-thirds vote to change where it's going from in this original is that alright is that alright with the second sorry with me okay we hold it i got uh some lights on here alderman van akron here first then we have next in line here with the lights flashing is alderperson daniel well just from a parliamentary procedure perspective i think it would be very important that we nail down your language just so that we all understand it and it should it should probably not be a moving target right i know we went from 50 percent to 100 but we're talking about the whole the whole amount as far as going to different departments sometimes when these things get very complicated what we could do is move on to another item of business and uh alderman raceler could work on some sometimes when you write it down work on that wording doesn't really help come back miracles could happen um but but i just because i think it's a very important to issue and um i think things have gotten a little fuzzy around the edges so that would be my suggestion as we move on then come back with a written amendment that we all understand one i i guess the final amendment can be can be completed when we go to council i guess i'm looking for the recommendation if we're even interested in doing this um and we can clean the language up and and debate it then if it's if it's not what everyone wants i guess i'm just looking at getting the if everybody says no we don't want to do this we get to move on to the original one and we're done the only problem is at this point i have no idea what the amendment is right and it's it's vague but it's it's a recommendation to the council it's not necessarily we're taking action at this at this time is it 50 percent is it 100 percent right 100 percent or is it simple majority three quarters seven eights that's the only problem no i understand i i guess i'm going with two thirds and if that's your reason for not doing it and someone wants to amend it friendly amendment something else that's fine too but i i guess that we can clean the language up before it goes to the council i'm just looking at the see if it's something we want to recommend that or not and so your amendment or your amendment is with two thirds vote if we're at 25 percent in our reserve and we've met our standard then at the council's discretion with two thirds vote a hundred percent of the surplus could be designated elsewhere correct doesn't have to be it can go right back to where it was but we may right if there's two thirds yeah if there's not two third vote so alderman bellinger you're next so the fallback would be then if there's a stand thank you chairman the fallback would be then if there's not a two-thirds vote if that fails then does it automatically revert back to the 50 percent and then the you know the other 50 percent going into the designated accounts correct that's my understanding correct uh first of all i got alderman vernacorn and then we'll have mayor vernacorn thank you um i guess i that that certainly helps with some of the language because it does allow for the ability once we get to that 25 percent for the council's at a two-thirds vote to decide again not that it goes to these four areas again as alderman wristler brought up and i certainly as much as he likes to not disagree with the alderman heidemann i certainly try to not agree with alderman wristler um it does make sense because if there's a road project that would require all of the surplus that year we could do that rather than splitting it up into quarters like this or again if if we actually would decide to give the people their money back that could be an option as well i would think it in that discussion so i would certainly be a lot more comfortable with that amendment thank you uh alderman vernacorn mayor did you have some comments you wanted to make i just had a question you got a gym right here um what we've got now is it motor vehicles vehicles and equipment i should say building improvements in infrastructure and economic development sorry no motor vehicles and equipment replacement could be economic development okay we've got that we've got a friendly motion on document agenda item number 12 we've got an um friendly amendment in a second uh do you want to call the roll alderman carlsson on the amendment only bellinger no barren hi carlsson both side decker hi donny you hi hamond hi hi hi head of the sard hi lindosky hi madachek hi racer hi van akron hi van erweal hi versi hi longman hi 14 i's okay the uh now we'll vote on the document as amended we already had a motion on a second on that one yeah okay uh we want to call the roll on the document as amended please bellinger hi barren hi hi decker hi donny you hi hamond hi hi demin hi pal hi sard hi lindosky hi madachek hi racer hi van akron no van erweal hi versi hi longman hi 15 i's motion carries as amended okay let's go back to the uh agenda items we have not covered and i may need a little help on this but i believe we could vote on it as a group on uh item number eight number nine number ten item number 15 item number 16 item number 17 through 21 i think we can vote on those as a package uh alderman hamond that's basically what you did last night at finance correct that's the uh pretty much the budget with all the recommendations from the various um committees law and licensing salaries and grievances ppns um included in those um budgets and that would and that would mirror the presentation that director emotio gave then you have those in there jim and that would also yes okay so i'll entertain a motion to take those documents that i just mentioned uh eight nine 10 15 16 and 17 through 21 i'll entertain a motion on those documents motion to approve second we have a motion and a second to approve those documents is there any discussion hearing none please call the roll bellinger hi boren no hi decker no donahue hi hamond hi adamant hi kath hi lasard hi lindoski all right matticek no racer hi van akron no van der wheel hi bercy hi fangman all eyes motion carries next thing on the agenda is the meeting next meeting date that'll to be determined depending on referrals to the committee of the whole on entertain a motion uh before i entertain a motion to adjourn i would like to thank everybody i think we had a lively discussion tonight i'll entertain a motion to adjourn so moved second we have a motion and a second to adjourn all in favor aye post chair votes aye we are adjourned thank you everyone


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says find a-b and b-a in the following. First, we have set a is equal to the set containing the elements 2, 3 and 6 and a set b is the set containing the elements 1, 3, 7, 10. In the second part we have a is the set of letters of the word crowd and b is the set of letters of the word crowd. Before we move on to the solution, let's see what is the difference of the two sets a and b. First we have a-b. It is the set containing the element x such that x belongs to set a and x does not belong to the set b. Then next we have b-a which is the set containing the element x such that x belongs to set b and x does not belong to the set a. This is the key idea that we would use for this question. Now we move on to the solution. In the first part, we have set a is the set containing the elements 2, 3, 6 and b is the set containing the elements 1, 3, 7, 10. We have to find a-b and b-a. Now a-b would be the set containing the elements that belong to the set a but do not belong to the set b. Consider element 2 of set a. This belongs to set a but does not belong to set b so this would be included in the set a-b. Next element of set a is element 3. This is included in set b also so this would not be included in the set a-b. Then we have the element 6 which is not included in set b so this would be included in a-b. So a-b is the set containing the elements 2 and 6. Next we are supposed to find out b-a. This would be the set containing the elements that belong to the set b but that do not belong to the set a. Now we consider each element of the set b one by one. First we have element 1. It belongs to the set b but it does not belong to set a so it would be included in the set b-a. Then we have the element 3 which is included in set a also so it won't be included in set b-a. Then we have 7 which is in set b but not in set a so we can write this in the set b-a. Then we have the element 10 which belongs to the set p but does not belong to the set a. So set b-a contains the elements 1, 7 and 10. So this is the answer for the first part of the question. Now next we have set a which is the set of the letters of the word crowd and set b is the set of the letters of the word crown. This means a is the set containing the elements c, r, o, w and d. b is the set containing the elements c, r, o, w and n. Now we need to find out a-b and b-a. First let's consider a-b. This would be the set containing the elements that belong to the set a but that do not belong to set b. Now consider the element c of set a. It belongs to set b also so this means it won't be included in a-b. In the same way elements r, o and w they belong to set a and b both so they won't be included in the set a-b. Then we have the element d or set a which is present in set a but not in set b so we would include this element in the set a-b. Thus we get a-b is the singleton set containing the element d. Now consider b-a. This would contain the elements that belong to the set b but does not belong to the set a. As you have observed that the elements c, r, o, w are common to both the sets a and b. Now consider the element n of the set b. This belongs to set b but does not belong to set a so it would be included in the set b-a. And rest of the elements of the set b won't be included in the set b-a since they are also present in the set a. So we have b-a is the singleton set containing the element n. So this is the final answer for the second part of the question. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


The local hero project aims at building the visual storytelling capacities of young local actors who are fighting climate change, biodiversity loss, and malnutrition in their communities. The participants of our projects are the directors of the film. So the control of what the message is and the visual storytelling is in the hands of the participants. So I want you to see how it is in the house of the lady, how it is the place where she lives. We're going to use everyday tools like that phone in your pocket. What's the name of the function? What's the name of this lady? The plane. The plane! Getting some skills first and then going out and building stories together. So that voices from people on the ground can be heard. So that videos that you care about on issues that you care about are made. Understanding filmmaking isn't just about knowing how to operate a camera or how to shoot video on your phone. It's more than that. It's also about how to approach filmmaking and what you need to go out and film in order to be able to do effective storytelling. Putting the image in the scene in general and then cutting it and putting that image in the truck. When you're just making your shot list, let your imagination go. The end of the program is very important. Fighting climate change, we have to take many approaches.


Hello. I just wanted to take a moment. It's Tuesday, February the 28th 2023. And I wanted to share something that's been on my heart lately. And that is the power of the divine energy and the flow in our lives. As you know, we navigate our human experience, and it's easy to get caught up in a lot of the noise, the conjecture, the conditioning, the hustle and bustle of everyday life. And we often forget our spiritual nature, the true source of happiness and fulfillment. But deep down, we know that there is more to life than meets the eye. We yearn for this deeper connection with ourselves, with others, and with the universe. That's why the power of divine energy and flow is important. And that's where we need to bring it into our lives, we need to tap into this energy, we align ourselves with the infinite wisdom and the love that surrounds us. And conditionally, we open ourselves up to the beauty and the magic of the universe so that we can start to live in a state of grace and abundance, gratitude and happiness. To harness this power, we need to let go of the old conditioning and beliefs that no longer serve us. We need to trust in the divine plan that is unfolding for us. We need to open our hearts to the love and kindness that is available for us in every moment. Sound a bit spiritual? Sound a bit evangelical? That's your conditioning kicking back in and right there. Because when we do this, we start to see the world in a new light. We start to appreciate the little things that bring us joy. And we start to see the beauty and potentially in ourselves and others. So if you're feeling lost or disconnected, I invite you to explore the power of the divine energy and flow. We'll do a meditation in a moment of just about taking a few breaths, connecting with your heart and trusting that your being guides you towards your highest good. Remember that you are a beloved child of the universe and that you have the power to create a life of love, kindness, peace. Without the human conditioning, the duality, the control, the fear, we can all be blessed with love and abundance because it's the universe that gives it to us, not just other individuals with ulterior motives. Your mind is being conditioned to always fear the worst, to always think the worst, to stay in your box, to not stand tall and grow and just think about this for a moment. The universe gives you love every single day, but we write it off, we throw it away because we're told and we think that we're not good enough. We're told and we think that we can't do this or we can't do that or we're not entitled to this or we're not entitled to that. So when you wake up in the morning and you look out of your window, whether the sun is shining or not, it's always there. Whether the birds are singing or not, they're always there. And it's these small gifts knowing that the universe is there for you, even in your darkest or loneliest moments, the sun will shine and the birds will sing.  The sun brings warmth, it brings love, it brings light and it's there for you every single day, even when it's cloudy, it's still there for you.   Let go of any tensions or worries that you may be holding onto and just simply be here in the present moment, just feeling the power of your breath, breathing in and breathing out and just bring this awareness to your heart, the center, the area in the middle of your chest. And I want you just to visualize a beautiful radiant light at the center of your heart just glowing and pulsating to the natural rhythm of the world.  Just imagine that you're surrounded by a cocoon of pure divine energy that is both beautiful, powerful, but gentle and just feel the love and warmth of this energy as it flows through you healing and revitalizing every cell in your body. Just allow yourself to be completely immersed in this energy and know that the universe has your back, you are safe and protected at all times. And now I want you just to set the intention, just set the intention to connect with the infinite wisdom, the love of the universe and visualize a beam of light coming from above entering through the top of your head and flowing down through your body merging with the light in your heart as this light fills you up. You can allow yourself to receive any insights, guidance or messages that may come to you. Trust that you're being guided towards your highest good and as the sun comes up in the morning and the birds sing throughout the day you know that the universe is supporting you every step but now you've awoken, you can see it, you can feel it, you can be it, feel yourself connected to that divine flow which holds you, which brought you here before all of the conditioning, before all of the humanism, before all of the dogma, the fear, the control. You can now sense the true spiritual energy, the one that sits inside you that every single day yearns to be at the front and not at the back. So make that switch right now, bring your highest good yourself, your soul, your divine light and energy to the front and allow everything else that no longer serves you to the back and just take a moment to appreciate the divine energy that surrounds you and know that you can tap into this energy at any time simply by connecting with your heart and setting the intention to receive. May you be blessed with all the love and abundance that the universe has to offer. Be love and give love, have a wonderful day and when you're ready you can take a nice deep breath in, wiggle your fingers and just come back into the room but in doing so in a bit more of a gaze with an understanding that no matter how much your human life can disconnect you from the universe, the truth, the energy, you can put yourself right back there like you just did. Take care, see you soon, bye-bye.


The president's budget proposal eliminates public media funding. Learn how you can help at lptv.org slash action. After a four-year hiatus, the Grand Rapids boys basketball team is back in the class 3A state tournament, ironically against the same team that knocked them out the last time they played. The Thunderhawks took on Marshall earlier tonight in the quarterfinals. And we'll start in the first half. Brooks Boxman, Brooks Bachman drives down court, finds Brock Strum in the lane, the bucket, the foul, the free throw would inch the Thunderhawks closer. The second half now, Thunderhawks just trying to make a comeback. Sharp's shot falls off the rim, but Jake Skelly is there to clean it up, but the Thunderhawks are still down big. But Marshall, just proving to be too much, Reese Winkelman misses the shot, but Weston Baker McGrath was there for the slam. As Marshall takes down Grand Rapids, 83-264. Here's coach after the game. Well, you know, they do have a lot of weapons out there. And we thought we could concentrate maybe on a couple of their top ones and maybe get some help from others. And that didn't work. At first half, they were all seemingly on fire and really stroking it. So we came back. At that second half, we kind of went back to our regular man-to-man defense and were able to push the ball a little bit and able to produce some turnovers. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Dad I'm playing on a YouTube streamer. This dude is famous. He's really really really really really good I got matched up probably one of the best Madden players of all time. I'm the biggest fan of dub-dub-dubby He's a Madden bowl champion. I think two three times. He knows though. He knows. He knows Oh, hold this guy he on the mic. I need to see on the mic. I need to peep Is he on the mic? I don't know how do I like mute him real quick. I don't really know how to do that I might have to put my mic. I might have to put my headset in Oh, nice. I don't think that shot scene play is that good It's weird like the BM. She just couldn't get there. Man covers is weird this year, dude. I am in Chargers actually dad. I'm playing on a YouTube streamer. This dude is famous. He's really really really really good I got matched up probably one of the best Madden players of all time on the biggest fan of dub-dub-dubby He's a Madden bowl champion. I think two three times. He knows though. He knows. He knows He knows respect him respect Oh, come on He knows he knows respect them right?  Yeah, when y'all start to accomplish in your life y'all gonna be proud of it. You know what I'm saying That's a bag, he knows I'm glad he said I'm a youtuber. I feel like I made it Anybody can be a streamer once they say you're a youtuber. Yeah, I made it see now I gotta show out make them say oh my god. He's so good. You ready? Watch here. We go We got those just bombs just bombs. Oh my god. How how does he do this? He's so good Ah Let's move Okay, I hear you gotta wait here. He knows he knows gotta go get a okay. Okay, okay He knows about me Nice job Minka nice job, buddy. Nice job. I didn't need that interception. I but what about that one? Was that a drop pic though? Can we call that one a drop pic that one? Come on. What's he do here decision time? There's always kicking. He's kicking He's kicking my he don't really know if he's kicking right here. He don't really know about me one stop You gotta play defense this guy beats 80% of y'all in the chat to be honest. I'm being honest He beats 80% of y'all. All right. I think he goes cover for here. I'm reading cover for Oh, where'd he come from? There you go. You guys ready? You guys ready? Here we go Come on I feel like his mic is pretty solid boys. Let's give it one to ten on his microphone I would say it's a strong seven eight at least Compare the most microphones we hear come on boys It might be played a chat type of night It might be a play the type to chat type of night it might be that type of night because y'all be taking me for granted I would make all y'all look like this This is oh, oh, he knows about That's the old school dot right there come on that play used to be so cracked boys Am I right that play used to be cracked? All right.  Hi key. Hold up.  We got pancake three like what do you like how how are we getting pancake there boys? Explain it to me. He's in three wide receivers. I'm in nickel We're gonna do kid the whole game comes down to this. What are you gonna do?  I gotta go for it again here I think I liked what I saw I'm going I dead dudes blinking though, but let's go for it. He didn't bite it all that time. Get it get up kid Out of here. We're not punting the ball. Do you relax or chat relax everybody relax? No, give me my bird. It's this kid's cracked. Can't already boys. He's cracked He's getting real baggy with the two-man rush This is probably the hardest game. I've ever played in my entire life. I'm playing a two three-time Chant right now. Mm-hmm. He knows He knows he going for it to a fourth of four I'm flustered. I'm flustered. I am flustered here boys. Yeah You wanted to call me mean you wanted to call me mean Well, I just keep these safety's are the best Best and cover four in this defense. That's right I'll do a free pick. You want me to do a pick? Well, you want me to Say free pick free pick. I'm gonna go pick. I'm not gonna point. I gotta make it look I gotta make it look I gotta make it look real. We can't just point now Let's throw a pick. Here goes the here goes the craziest thing about Madden. We're trying to throw an interception here Can we do it? What's the best way to throw a pick in Madden? What do I do dude? Spacey switch. I'll just throw to whoever the hell's covered the most Let's go. Let's go. We're all kind of open. They were all kind of open right there. They're all kind of open Nice. They get me around Oh, we got a score very quick going empty. We let him go. We got the free Beckham. Okay, okay, okay Let's go. You don't go for two here kid. You kick the extra point. Don't go for two. Please, okay? I might I might let him be happy, bro. I might let him I might I feel I'm feeling good right now Dude, we just I think we just run twice and kick it Or run three times in punt now.  Oh my god It's the test right here, this is it if I want to compete real life, this is it right here This is 100% the game to prove it. This guy's lit dude. Oh, he's cracked. He's cracked I gave him that to I use his time out here. Oh, he's going to he's going to this. I don't know how to stop this Good game. Good game Man, not lose to anybody else man. Dub. I don't know if you can hear me man, but you the dog Enjoy all your content.  I appreciate playing you I ain't I forgot I was in the playoffs. I'm I forgot I was in a playoffs


If you're planning to apply for the USB 1B2 visa, chances are you might have heard of an invite letter. And if you're wondering what exactly is this invite letter and whether you need it, then keep on watching. Hi guys, my name is Shachi and I'm a travel and visa coach. On this channel, you'll find tons of useful videos on the US visa process right from filling your DS160 to clearing your interview. So make sure you check them out. A lot of you have asked me questions about invite letters and these questions range from what exactly is an invite letter to who can issue them to what should it say and will it help my visa chances. So we are going to cover all of this in today's video. Before we start, I have something for you. So we have a sample copy of an invite letter and this will give you an idea of how exactly an invite letter should look like. It's completely free to download, so do check the link in the description box below. So let's start with what exactly is an invite letter. Now invite letter is a document that is given to you by somebody who is legally living in the US. And when I say legally living in the US, it means that this person is either a US citizen, is a permanent resident or a green card holder or is there in the US on a long term work visa such as H1 or L1. So this document which is given to you by somebody legally living in the US states that you can stay with them during your US trip. So it essentially means that they are willing to host you and give you accommodation during the duration of your trip. Now if you're applying for the business visa that is the B1 visa, invite letter can also be issued by the company to its employees asking them to come to the US for a meeting, you know for a conference, for an implementation or for a training. Invite letters can also be issued by organizations based in the US who are hosting a conference or exhibition or any other event. And let's say that you want to be part of that particular event then you get an invite letter from the organization asking you to come to the US. So to sum it up invite letters can be issued either by an individual or company or any US based organization asking you to come to the US and stating that they are willing to take care of your accommodation and your living situation. So next let's understand how does an invite letter help your visa application. So the essence of it is that invite letter helps your visa application by strengthening your purpose of visit and we all know how important it is to have a good strong purpose of visit to the US, right? So let's say that you plan to visit your brother or sister in the US and you have an invite letter from them which states that they want you to come to the US and that they are willing to host you, give you accommodation and take care of your day to day expenses. It just adds more credibility to your profile and to your purpose. Similarly, if you're planning to go on a company visit and you have an invite letter from the company stating that they want you to come to the US office for this particular meeting, implementation or project and the company is willing to give you accommodation and take care of your day to day expenses during the duration of your US trip, it just makes your purpose of visit stronger. So this is how invite letter essentially helps your visa application. Again a quick reminder that in the description box below we have a sample copy of an invite letter for both B1 and B2 visas and this will give you an idea of what exactly should be written in an invite letter so make sure you click that link and get your free download. Let's understand what documents do you need along with an invite letter and is having just an invite letter enough and the answer is that invite letter is just one part of your visa application. It basically states who you are going to visit and what is going to be your living and you know your accommodation situation but all the other parts of your visa application such as your financial proof, your ties to your home country, your job or business situation are also equally important and you will need documents to support them as well. So in essence just having an invite letter as a document is not enough you will need all the other supporting documents as part of your visa application. So we in fact have a very detailed video on this channel which talks about the document checklist for B1 and for B2 visas so I am going to link this video right above make sure that you check it out. Now we come to a really really important question and that is will an invite letter guarantee my visa and the short answer is no an invite letter cannot guarantee you a visa. Like I said it is just one part of your application along with the invite letter you will also need to show the visa officer that you have a strong purpose of visiting the United States and also have strong ties to your home country ensuring him that you are going to come back. In addition you also need to keep in mind that an invite letter is not a financial aid because it just states that the person is willing to give you accommodation but all the other aspects of your trip such as travel and you know living day to day expenses in the US are being taken care by you. In case the person is also funding your trip it is best to go with a sponsorship letter and a sponsorship letter is slightly different from an invite letter but guess what we have a full video on this channel on sponsorship letters and how you can use them and what all is involved in getting a sponsorship letter. So make sure you check out that video so that you can decide for yourself whether you need an invite letter or a sponsorship letter. So guys I am sure this video has helped you understand what exactly is an invite letter and whether you need it for your visa application. In case you have any more questions feel free to leave them in the comments section below I will get back to you. You can also DM me on Instagram my Instagram handle is at Shachi.mull and hey if you feel you want to talk to an expert to clear your doubts know what to say in the interview and get some special insider tips then hey I'm here for you you can talk to me you can book a one-to-one consultation session with me the link for this is also in the description box below. Thank you so much for watching do share this video and do check out all the other videos on the US visa process I'm sure they're gonna help you signing off for now I'll see you in the next one bye