So, hi, my name is Carly Russell. I am applying to the Master's Program Scholarship for African American Women. I know that for the scholarship, I have to interview or basically just have two of my mentors in my life that have brought me to this point that I'm at and that have taught me to just continue pursuing my goals and my dreams. So here we have my grandmom, Lucille, and my granddad, Glen. I know that they had to overcome certain obstacles. So my granddad and my grandmom had two children when they were younger and my granddad had to end up selling drugs. Eventually, the drugs weren't enough to provide for the children, so... When you're trying to go back, come on, is this for your school? Yes! They don't know, y'all. Okay, for real. All right. Thank you, granddad. And granddad is going on. Just go on and get on, okay? Mmm! All right. So when the drugs wasn't enough, my grandmom ended up having two prostitutes. She clearly has Peter Pan syndrome, clearly does not think there should be or there are repercussions for her actions. So she's operating like a girl, not a woman. The amount of man hours that she wasted, the amount of money and resources that she wasted, and for me, the piece that's the most crucial is the way that this situation trivializes the thousands of women and black women in particular who are missing and have been abducted and are being sold into the sex trade is disgraceful. And I think there should be consequences. But like I've said before, I think the difficulty, though, is as a society, we don't know how to prosecute women. We don't know how to see women as perpetrators.  Because some aspects of this were clever, but other aspects, she didn't think it all the way through. For instance, she didn't think that her search history would come up.   She didn't consider the magnitude of this. Like I even shared it when somebody sent it to me, I shared it. And also part of what we need to discuss, and this is why I have her boyfriend on the thumbnail, he came out recently saying that we don't need to bully or people need to stop bullying Carly on social media. And for me, I understand he's trying to be a gentleman, he's trying to be a big man and all that good stuff.  Because number one, kind of like I've talked about how, you know, men who sell their souls to women for attention or sexual attention are the reason why some of these lessons that we try to get women to understand don't get through to them because they have somebody who's going to catch them when they fall. I think this was an example of that. I think if he was being honest, there were telltale signs in Carly that she was spoiled, that she was entitled, that she suffered from Peter Pan syndrome. She's a little girl in a grown woman's body. But he still saw fit to be involved with her romantically and now sees fit to defend her despite the fact that she's beyond defending. So I think a lesson for brothers here too is why are you in community with and correspondence with, romantically involved with certain types of women. And what does this mean for the big picture? What does this mean for the behavior that we are subconsciously telling women is okay? I'm Carly and I think Cindy's going to be the drug case because she's irresponsible. I think there is some class privilege that she enjoyed as well. I don't know if she was some girl from the hood if the social media storm would have been so much behind her because think about it, she went missing driving a red Mercedes. You know what I'm saying? She comes from a two-parent household. Even when you saw the facade of her house, it's a nice house. I don't know if she was a broke girl from the hood if people would have cared that much, which I think is worth the conversation. But the other piece too that I think is worth the conversation, particularly for this space, I think sometimes we oversimplify some of the issues that we see in our community, especially as it relates to women. And some brothers notice, some brothers might not, but some of the worst women that you'll meet come from two-parent households. Come from households where their dad was in their life.  But they still drank the Kool-Aid. I remember when I went to, I had a speaking engagement at Spelman. They're not gonna let me back, but it was cool while it lasted. But a lot of the girls that I was engaged with in this conversation, their dad dropped them off at school. He helped them move in. But they still had that same, as Dr. Tia San Johnson calls it, baked in contempt that's rooted in a sense of entitlement and a lack of self-awareness. And I think in Carly Russell's case, which is why I brought up Peter Pan's syndrome. If you saw the interview with her parents, her dad didn't even say two words. He was just there. He struck me as a background father. And I know that because I have a background father.   My dad didn't, he was there, but he wasn't really there, right? So I think there's a conversation about men not just being there, but also insisting on being involved. Because some of the girls that I see with fathers who are entitled and their daddy's little princess, they sometimes are worse than the girls from the hood whose dad ran out on them when they were five. I think the simple answer is yes, you have failed. And I think you should have authority, primarily because even as we are evolving in our understanding of masculinity, femininity, the male and female dynamic, the two things that have not shifted from the expectations that the world and women have of men is protect and provide. And I want to hone in on protect because in movies, we see protect as taken. Shout out to Carly Russell, where the dude, he's got a particular set of skills and he goes and he pulls up and boom, boom. But in real life, sometimes protect is, babe, take two steps to the right. Or babe, sit down real quick. Or babe, let's go. That's really what protect looks like in real life. And that can only work and happen with authority, right? The police department, the reason they can do their job is because they have a certain authority. The government, it's impossible to protect your constituents without authority. Kings of old, it's impossible to rule over your jurisdiction without authority. Now, like Kevin Samuels will call it a benevolent dictator. I don't know if I'll go as far as calling it a dictatorship, but if you can't listen to me, I can't protect you.  None of it works.  Like pussy is the greatest thing on earth that a man is going to experience. But something greater than that is the process of bringing something from your mind's eye to fruition. Even Louis Farrakhan said that. The greatest pleasure a man will feel is not a woman, but it's about manifesting his ideas and taking something from your head to your hand, right? So I think if we can move the conversation there, it creates a different kind of posture in men.  I like jazz. If you want to ride with me, you listen to the jazz. And ironically, women respect that. But the dude who, I know so many dudes who the only reason they smoke weed is because the woman that they were trying to mess with smoked weed. There's a series on Netflix. It's called Young, African and Famous. And one of the people who shows up in the series, his name is Tufes Idibia. He's a Nigerian artist. And he's famous for being like, he's probably the equivalent of Nigeria's like Tupac. Like he's very well regarded. But he's partly famous for having like seven kids out of his marriage to his wife. Right? So he got another one. No, I think he had, they say he had five before him and her got married. And then he had one more after they were married. Something like that. But anyway, he got kids all over the place. But anyway, it was funny because at one point during the show, the show was being shot in South Africa. So he pulled up to South Africa. The show was kind of focused on his wife and her friends or whatever. He pulled up to South Africa. Man, if you see how excited this woman was, she was parading him around like he was a Gucci bag. Yeah.   He was her trophy. You know how we want a woman to be our trophy? They want the same thing. They do, yeah. You see what I'm saying? So we kind of got the game messed up because we're so focused on telling her yes and being a yes man, not understanding that. The sexiest thing you could tell a woman is no. Although I'm not team, save yourself black man. I'm not team passport bros. And this is why I was defending passport bros with the Jackie Hill Perry video. I think there is something there, right? I think like in business and sales for instance, we learned that the person who's the most willing to walk away has all the leverage. And I think that one of the things that I see that differentiates men who find success with women and men who struggle is the men who find success tend to have abundance, right? And I tend to not necessarily need this one woman to cooperate because I have another lined up to take your spot. And it sounds kind of toxic. It sounds kind of future-ish, but there is a sense of stoicism that's necessary to deal with women. And I think where some brothers fail is this scarcity mindset when it comes to women. And that scarcity mindset pushes them to tolerate things that they don't need to tolerate and pushes her to think that she can move and do whatever that she wants to without having to suffer any consequences. So even though, like I said, I'm not necessarily a fan of passport bros, I think some of the result of women having to watch some of the best and the brightest men in our community take their business elsewhere, I think that could do some good in incentivizing changed behavior, right? And I think on an individual level, a man's focus should be his mission. Finding and growing what he's been called to do and as a consequence, a woman is gonna wanna come alongside you and help you with your mission. But I think a lot of times men make women our mission and women can never respect that. I've been having a lot of conversations about the whole mental health thing. And a good friend of mine kind of convinced me that it probably has nothing to do with mental health just because of how methodical she was. Stupid, but methodical, right? It wasn't a manic episode. But the attention thing, I don't know. I think it's a fair assumption only because attention is the new currency now. Like she's getting her 30 minutes of fame. Whether it's infamy or fame, we don't make that distinction anymore. But you could say it was attention from her boyfriend. I wanna see if he loved me. I don't know. I've talked about this book called Way of the Superior Man. In some of it, he's talking about ways to maintain respect from the perspective of your woman by doing what you say you're gonna do regardless of her influence. He uses an example where you're driving with your woman and both of y'all get horny and y'all pull over to the side of the road and y'all start having sex. And while y'all are having sex, she asks you to ejaculate inside of her.  And the example in the book is to illustrate that in that moment, she was testing you and she wanted to see if you could maintain your masculine frame despite her influence, which I think there is some validity to it. But the part that the book started losing me, it talked about how a superior man not only seeks out, but also welcomes a difficult woman. Because they framed it like an iron, sharpens iron type of thing, like difficult women are superior women because they help you rise to your highest level as a man. And I think black men in particular drink that Kool-Aid. Too much. And I think a lot of us, kind of like cowboys, we rank ourselves based on our ability to tame the wildest horse.  So I think it's an opportunity for us as men to be more responsible with our decision-making and to be more critical of not just who she is, but who she's gonna become. Because even in my interviews, one of the common things that I'm seeing kind of come out is, most of women's grievances with their men is the fact that he didn't change.  But conversely, most of men's grievances with their women is that they did change. She used to be a fun-loving 20-year-old.  So with that being said, I think men, we can better anticipate that inevitable change in women and project out, number one, if this is the direction that she's going to change, is it a direction that I'm happy with? Is it a direction I'm willing to navigate? At the same time, too, I don't even know if I'm fully comfortable blaming the women because there's also the possibility that he just is just one of those background dudes. So even when he did have opportunity, and it's not even like the woman was suppressing his authority, he just didn't have any. In the story of Adam and Eve, the first thing God gave Adam was not Eve. The first thing God gave Adam was instructions. You know, he first said, I'm God, and then he then said, tend to this garden and all the creatures in it. So the first thing God gave Adam was a job, right? Was a purpose, was a reason, right? And then he gave him Eve to help him with the, that's where the whole helpmate thing comes in. But I think what's even more interesting than that is like, the garden is what feeds Eve. So if Adam isn't tending to the garden, Eve starves. And I know that gets complicated because you have some brothers where, because they work so much, their woman feels neglected and go cheats with the milkman or whatever the case may be. But I think that also plays into the caliber of woman that you choose, and also how you cultivate said woman. Right, like how, what kind of understanding, absolute, like what kind of understanding has she gotten from you about life, about philosophy, and about how to conceptualize some of these things? Or did you just allow her to be indoctrinated by the media that tells her wrongfully that she should expect you to be the CEO and also have 50 hours a week to spend with her? Yeah. So even though I spend a lot of my time trying to articulate this to women I think we can own some of that. We can move a little bit better as well to really make these points that are valid hit so much harder. If you wanna see more of this, please click that like button. It helps tremendously. And share this with somebody you think would gain value from the message and hit that subscribe button as well. Peace out y'all.


Being very close to 10 15. We're going to have member statements Member statements No point of order the Minister of Tourism culture and sport Speaker if you seek it you will find unanimous consent to allow members to wear ribbons in recognition of September 27th being Rowan's law day Mr. Tourism culture and sport is seeking the unanimous consent of the house to allow members to wear ribbons today in recognition of Rowan's law Agreed Agreed Member statements I recognize the member for new market Aurora Mr. The president Thank You speaker last weekend on September 24 2023. I attended Flag raising ceremony in Aurora We observe the Franco-Ontarians day I Was invited to speak by Lorian who is the executive director of The Tribune community. I had the privilege to observe these Magnificent green and white flag being raised Being reasoned rather it was a pleasure for me to observe that our dreams our dynamism Was floating in the air together with all the people of the province the president of the white trillium association and new market Aurora People made Efforts in order to honor this flag I would like to thank them But the white trillium teams and all the leaders Are always Getting together to offer many occasions for us to get together to share and to celebrate our Francophonie I would like to underline and to thank all our teachers Educators who are teaching French language to our children Thanks to them we are perpetuating our heritage and our French Culture, thank you Thank you for nickel belt Thank you speaker on Monday the Ontario Health Coalition brought almost 10,000 people on the front lawn of our legislature the entire NDP caucus was present But not one member of the Conservative Party came to hear their message The thousands of people who came spoke with one voice their message to the government on behalf of millions of Ontarian is really clear Stop privatizing our health care system Many shared personal story of being charged at private clinics for services That should have been free of having to pay $200 to a nutritionist in order to get a colonoscopy a thousand dollars for a lens that their Ophthalmologist prefers to use but is not covered the auditor general outpatient surgery Reports finding that are not pretty but not surprising her report shows private clinics Overcharge many double bill and there is no Accountability for their action yet the premier and the minister of health Continues to give more and more money to private clinics clinics who poach Staff from our public health care system making the health care staff in crisis worse I'm from the party of Tommy Douglas the father of Medicare a program that defines us as Canadian as Ontarian where care is Based on needs not on ability to pay Ontarians are united They want the government to stop the privatizations of our health care system. We live in a democracy speaker I hope the government starts to listen to the people of Ontario not just the donors who showed up at their fundraisers Thank you member statements the member for Kitchener Conestoga Thank you very much speaker the leaves are starting to turn and that can only mean one thing when you feel that chill in the air It is time for fall fairs. Yeah, first the community answer the call of come one come all for the 70th 170th colleagues Wellesley Township fall fair The new Hamburg fall fair took place earlier this month with the theme of farm gate to dinner plate guests enjoyed midway rides exhibitions and the ever popular demolition derby and Coming up at the Wellesley apple butter cheese festival Famously starts this weekend. Mr. Speaker come on out to Wellesley and enjoy a pancake and sausage breakfast and be sure to Visit the new hard cider tasting which I'm sure mr. Speaker. You're very interested in And speaking of which October fast is back the official keg tapping will take place on Friday October 6th in the Wilkham and Platt's beer garden Racistine grab your later hoson and come join me for a polka at the world's largest October fast outside of Germany There's plenty to see and do across the region of Waterloo and my riding of Kitchener Conestoga I invite all my friends family and colleagues come down and enjoy. Thank you Thank you member statements the member for Spadina for York. Thank you, mr. Speaker Ontario Place is a scandal on the scale of the former conservative government sell-off of the 407 Which sentenced Ontarians to a hundred years of paying unlimited tolls and what has become one of the world's most expensive toll highways It's on a scale of the Liberals gas plant orange and cash for access scandals and their privatization of hydro one and I exams No wonder that Ontarians cannot afford housing food student debt payments and hydro bills because Successive liberal and conservative governments have pillaged this province and given away our public assets and services to their donors Ontario Place is one of the most valuable public park lands in Canada But this conservative government is giving it away to a private-for-profit Austrian mega spa for free and throwing in 650 million taxpayer dollars to boot Every Ontarian is contributing approximately 100 tax dollars to this mega spa company even though most of us will never use it Last week in the same week that he apologized for breaking his promise not to touch the green belt Premier Ford broke his promise to respect the city's planning process on Ontario Place the conservative government announced that they will begin Obliterating the trees and wildlife on the West Island in defiance of the city's planning process What does an apology mean if the Premier continues to break his promises? How can anybody have any trust in anything that Premier Ford says? Thank you very much Member statements the member for Perth Wellington I rise today to recognize an amazing achievement of a local athlete in my riding of Perth Wellington Brooke overholt hailing from the beautiful town of St. Mary's made headlines over the summer when she Competed at the world track and field competitions in Budapest, Hungary She is the first athlete from Perth County to compete at the world stage The St. Mary's athlete ran 56.20 seconds in her women's 400 meter hurdles heat at the 2023 world track and field Finishing just five spots back back behind the qualifying run for the semi-finals Even before competing on the world stage She made headlines where she earned a bronze medal at WASA WASA regionals OSSA and 20 and in 2019 she represented Canada at the under 20 Pan Am Games Speaker Brooke is not one to rest on her laurels She's a true embodiment of the rentless spirit of our athletes and she now sets her sights on the greatest stage of all The Olympics She's working on to working to improve her times so that she can compete in a spot for Canada's 2024 Canada Olympic team her teammates describe her as a patron of confidence and humility And victory and defeat alike She remains a class act and a shining example of for athletes everywhere speaker Brooke know this the entire community in the province of Ontario is behind you as you strive to compete at the Olympics in 2024 Thank you very much member statements the member for Windsor west Thank you speaker On Monday the premier claimed Ontarians are a thousand percent better now than they were when he took office in 2018 We have an affordability crisis a housing crisis a health care crisis an environmental crisis We have a government that's wrapped up in scandals while Ontarians are struggling to make ends meet The conservative government has had five years to make things better for Ontarians But instead are only working to benefit their rich developer friends and donors Life has gotten harder and harder for everyone else This government is solely focused on selling off and privatizing vital land and public services The green belt Ontario place highways health care and social services The green belt giveaway was never about housing This government's own housing task force stated that the goal to build 1.5 million homes is possible without Opening up the green belt We are all elected to serve the people of this province to make their lives better But the conservative government is withholding billions of dollars for health care mental health and addiction care Social assistance women's shelters and the list goes on We need odsp and oww income rates at least doubled We need profit out of long-term care and home care So quality care comes first and seniors our loved ones can live with respect and dignity dignity We need better faster and more reliable public transit We need to respect indigenous voices concerns and their consent Better is possible speaker and as new democrats we'll continue to fight for better because we believe in putting people over profit Thank you very much member statements the member for flamborough planbrook Thank you and good morning, mr. Speaker It is great to be back at cleans park after the summer break in the midst of one of the best times of the year in flamborough glanbrook fall fair season And it's my pleasure to rise today to recognize the people who make the fall fair such a memorable time of the year in our communities In the month of september the people of flamborough glanbrook enjoy both the binbrook fair and the encaster fair This year was the 170th binbrook fair and i'm proud to have sponsored the demolition derby for the fourth year in a row And as thanksgiving is fast approaching we are preparing for the annual rockton world's fair Since 1852 the rockton world's fair has been a Thanksgiving tradition for many in not only flamborough glanbrook But from surrounding areas as well These fairs are an opportunity for us to recognize our commitment to agriculture and to bring people together I encourage everyone to make your way to the rockton world's fair this october fifth through ninth to support our community And to enjoy livestock shows live entertainment demolition derbies a variety of vendors and much much more Thank you Thank you member statements the member for Alderman norfolk I think On behalf of the men we love our grandfathers fathers sons brothers nephews all who should have access to ohip covered psa testing As a female i have access to early detection tests yet ontario refuses to alter the current ohip coverage for psa testing Allegedly due to national guideline recommendations yet eight other provinces have managed to make this change Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer amongst canadian men and the psa test is a key step in early detection This government covers the psa test for those whose practitioner suspects prostate cancer or those who have already been diagnosed That's not the definition of early detection I was honored to speak recently at the ride for dad a charitable motorcycle ride with the mission to save men's lives 20 years of advocacy and nearly 40 million dollars later And yet this government spins its wheels on this issue The day of the ride we heard stories from survivors who were blessed with early detection But also tragic stories from those who have lost a loved one The cost of treat cancer is far greater than the three million dollars projected for regular psa testing for men over 50 Our colleague from niagara on the lake in fortier. He brought this issue forward last year And today I am joining him in this fight to do the right thing I want the men in my life to be around for christmas birthdays and summer barbecues. Thank you Very much the next member statement the member for burlington Good morning speaker rise today in this house to celebrate a truly remarkable milestone in burlington's history This year. We celebrated burlington's 150 plus anniversary This momentous occasion allowed me to reflect upon the rich tapestry of my community's past Burlington has deep indigenous roots that flow through the city's history giving way to a present community that is strong enduring diverse spirited resilient and full of culture This milestone is not just about looking back at the early pioneers and visionaries who laid the foundations of this great riding It's also a celebration of our accomplishments and a testament to how we've grown and how we will continue to evolve together to build a brighter future From humble origins rooted in agriculture to the bustling commercial and cultural hub that my riding has become The evolution continues as we forge an identity that is uniquely burlington Call me biased but burlington is one of the best cities and ridings and truly a wonderful place to work Raise a family and call home. Thank you members statements The member for stormont dundas southland gary Good morning, mr. Speaker. It's great to be back at queen's park after a busy summer with my constituents in stormont dundas and southland gary Mr. Speaker has recently announced that the ontario government is investing more than four million dollars in victim support grants To ontario police services through the victim support grant program I'm pleased to share that three local police services in stormont dundas south glenn gary the cornwall police service Stormont dundas glenn gary opp detachment and the aquasocene mohawk police service are each receiving $100,000 To support victims and survivors of intimate partner violence domestic violence human trafficking and child exploitation This funding is extremely important to my constituents and law enforcement officers in stormont dundas and south glenn gary and across the province I've heard firsthand from my constituents about their concerns about abuse and violence These stories serve as a reminder of the important work that's being started by child abuse survivor Aaron maren through erin's law which educates the importance of knowing the signs of child sexual abuse And ensuring children are taught age appropriate content to protect themselves One week from today, mr. Speaker my private members bill erin's law will be up for second reading with consideration to bring additional level of Education and support to our children in schools across Ontario. Thank you That concludes our member statements for this morning


Hello. Hello. Yeah, shall we start? Yes, sir. Okay. So the next topic we are going to start is nomenclature coordination compound. So nomenclature, like, you know, we did in organic chemistry, here we have some rules. So we'll follow those rules to write down the name of these compounds, right? So, like, if you are going to write down the rules one by one, it will take a lot of time. I'll just show you for the reference for now. Okay. And that PDF I'll share with you. So you can copy those notes later on those points later on. Okay, we'll continue with it. Right. So let me just know show you just I'm stopped. I mean, just stop sharing my screen for a while and then we'll come back to this. I will see this. These are the rules we have of nomenclature. We'll just go through it quickly. And this PDF, this PDF is for the entire chapter. Okay, the entire chapter is given here. And there are some solved questions also, which you can practice later on when once we finish the chapter. So I'll share after the session the entire PDF with you. Okay, here we'll focus just on the rules which is given here a, b, c, d, all these rules. See all these rules if I'm going to dictate you, it takes a lot of time. Okay, that's why I'm skipping this. But these rules, you must write or keep these notes properly if you don't want to write the rules, because you have to revise it at times. Okay, see the first of all, the first rule is very simple. We'll name the compounds like we named the simple solve positive part first, and then the anand in the last like sodium chloride, any plus will write it first, sodium and then chloride. Here also, if you have positive part is this then potassium and then the name of this complex, FECN6. Okay, that is what written over here naming with the complex is such a potassium. Here, the complex cation it is. So we'll write down the name of cation first, that is complex part, and then we'll write in the last with the space chloride. Okay, the name of this complex is starting with the name of complex ion which is this, because whatever positive ion is there will write down the name first. K4 FECN6 here will write down the name of, name of this first, what we say, name of ligands first. Okay, first we'll write down the name of ligands, then we metal, then we write down the name of the metal. And just after the name of the metal, we'll write down the oxidation state of the metal in parenthesis. I'll show you some examples, we'll get it. Okay, if you have multiple ligands, more than one ligands present, then we'll write down the name of ligands in alphabetical sequence. Right, that's the basic rule we are following here. But how do we write down the name of ligands? So to write down the name of ligands, we have certain rules here you see, the ligands can be neutral, anionic or cationic. So if it is neutral, we have one particular rule type of name, anionic, one particular type of name, cationic, one particular name. So this you must go through once properly. Okay, see it is written here, neutral ligands are named as the molecules. Like you see C5H5, when it is pyridine, we'll write on pyridine. C5H5 whole phrase, try phenylphosphate, no change in this. This one, ethylene diamine, no change in this. Neutral ligands which are not named as the molecules are COS carbonyl, NOS nitrosyl, H2O as Yacqua, NH3 is amine, amine double amine, must take care of it. Okay, this is one point, the first point is very important. In fact, this C, the point number C, you have to go through properly, it's very important. Right, the neutral ligands named as the molecule, but these are some different names we have, COS carbonyl, NO is nitrosyl, H2O is Yacqua, NH3 is amine, A double amine, okay, not single amine, double amine. Anionic ligands ending with I, are named by replacing I'd with O, means I'd becomes I'd, I'd becomes I'd, I'd becomes I'd, I'd becomes I'd. So suffix O, we have to add for anionic ligands, okay, for anionic ligands, right, anionic ligands, I'd, O suffix you need to add. For example, you see, Cl- is chloride or chloro, BR- is bromide or bromido, Cn- is cyano, O2-oxo, OH-hydroxo, N3-nitrido, O2-peroxo, O2H-perhydroxo, S2-apiodol, like this, it is given, you can go through once, okay. So next we'll see, okay, OH-hydroxo and S2-imidol. Ligands with the name N in I'd or I'd becomes I'd by replacing ending E with O as follows, carbonate, carbonato, oxalate, oxalato, sulfate, sulfato, like that, acetate, acetato, okay. Then for positive ligands, you see we have third point, positive ligands ending with EM suffix, so hydrazineum, nitronium, okay, nitrosonium NO plus, okay. Now, this is the name of the ligand point number C, which is different from that we, from what we did in the nomenclature previously. So this point number C, you must take care of. Now, if ligands are present more than one, then repetition is indicated by prefix dietriotetra, et cetera. However, when the name of the ligand includes a number diapiridil, ethylene, diamine, bistris, tetrakis are used in place of dietriotetra. I'll discuss this example just a second. With example, you will understand, here you will get confused, okay. If ligand is already contains prefix like ethylene, diamine, or if it is polydentate ligand, then prefix bistris, oxalate, the same thing will discuss it. More than one type of ligand, alphabetical sequence you need to follow. After naming the ligands, the central metal and to be named immediately followed by this oxidation state in Roman under the brackets as per IUP, okay, in parenthesis, okay. NS2, NS4, 2CUCL4. NS4 will write down first because always get any part first, ammonium, okay. 4-chlorine, tetra-chloro, then cuprate. If it is negative, if the metal is in negative part, negative anion, then 8 will write down, cuprate, and then oxidation state of copper 2. After naming the central metal atom, iron, which is in the outer sphere, is to be named the naming of the sum of the complexes done as follows as per IUP. Okay, fine. Now, with example you will get, see this one, K4-efficient 6. So, positive part is potassium. So, potassium hexa-sino ferrate, negative ion, so ferrate. What is the oxidation state? Plus 2, so we will write down plus 2 in the Roman. Potassium hexa-sino ferrate, you see plus 2 here. Number 2, K2-PTCLC, positive part, potassium hexa-chloro, platinum, plus 4 is oxidation state. Here, we'll write down the positive part first. This part will name first. And in the complex part, we'll write down the name of ligand first and then metal. The ligand is hexa-amine, A double m, take care, hexa-amine, A double m, cobalt-3 chloride. One more point was there. I did not ethylene diamine on the point where we have single M in the spelling. Okay, I'll see that. Now you'll see, CR-H2O4Cl2Cl. This will write down first two ligands we have here. This H2O, the name is aqua, it is chloro. First to write alphabetically, aqua and then chloro. So tetra, aqua, dichloro, chromium, oxidation state of chromium is 3, tetra, aqua, dichloro, chromium 3, chloride. This one, it is amine-chloro. So di-amine double m, tetra-chloro, platinum, oxidation state is 4. Tri-amine, trichloro, cobalt-3. Okay, like this will name. Did you get it? Any doubt in this? A little bit of idea you have. I'll give you some examples now. Okay, we won't go like this. But did you get it this 4-5 point that I've discussed? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. We'll discuss some examples because if you have an example, you won't get it. Okay, let's discuss some examples. And I'll share this PDF. Okay, don't worry. Okay, now suppose the compound is this, which you have to write down the name. And the compound is this one, CO, NH3, 4, then H2O, CL, bracket close, CL. This is the first one. Second one is CU, EN2, SO4, Ni, CN4, 2 minus. I'll do the first one. So positive part first. The first we'll write down the complex part in the first one. That's a way. So we have this thing, 1, 2, 3, 3 ligands here. So this one is amine, this one is aqua, and this one is clodo. So first we'll write down A, Avala ligand, right? So A and A, amine, aqua, first you'll write amine, right? Alphabetically. The name of this compound is, this compound is tetra amine, T-E-T-R-A, and A double M, not single M, tetra amine, then aqua or water, then cloridlo, you can write or you can write clodo, cobalt. What is the oxidation state of cobalt? It's minus 1. So this one is plus 1. This is minus 1. This is 0. This is 0. So it is plus 2. Yes or no? Cobalt, then in the bracket, the oxidation state, chloride. This one I'll do in the last, wait for it. This one is tetra-sino, tetra-sino, nickelite, nickelite. Oxidation state of nickel is plus 2 here. So nickelite 2 ion, because it is not a molecule, it is an ion. So nickelite 2 ion. Okay. Now, this one you see the bis-triswala rule we'll use over here. The name of this ligand is what? Ethylene diamine or ethane 1,2 diamine? Okay, it is ethane 1,2 diamine. So the name of the ligand already contains di term with it, like ethane 1,2, di amine. So when the name of the ligand contains the term like di, tri, tetra or like that, then for these numbers, we do not use again di, tri, tetra 1. But we use bis-tris, tetra case like that. Okay. So if it is 2, so we'll run for this ligand, we'll write on bis bracket open ethane 1,2 diamine, ethane 1,2 diamine, bracket close copper. Oxidation state of copper is 2, copper 2 sulfate. Did you understand this? One more point that you have to take care of here, that when it is a mine, means more oriented ligand, then we are using double ampere. But when it is this oriented ligand, then we're using single ampere. If the complex part is positive ions and neutrals, then there's no special ending. We'll write down the name as it is. But when the complex is negative ions, we'll write down eight suffix like I have written here, other examples also I have shown you, it is eight suffix we have added. Got it? Some more examples I'll show you now. This one you do, COEN3, COONO, NH3SO4, ALH4, try these compounds. Yeah, I'll do it. This one you see, this one you doubt, this one. The name of this compound is ethylene diamine. For this three, we'll write down tris, we don't write try here because the name itself contains dietero. So we'll don't write try, we'll write on tris. Open bracket ethylene 1,2 diamine with a single amp, covalent. What is the oxidation state of covalent here? It is two, then space and sulphate. This one is the oxidation state if you see, it is zero and NO2, what is the oxidation state here? NO2, what is the charge? Minus one. So covalent will be plus three because it is minus two and on the complex we have plus two then. So this one is, it is pentamine and this one is nitrito O. ONO it is written, it means oxygen is the donor atom here. So nitrito O will write, if NO2 simply it is written, then nitrogen is the donor atom. Okay, so name of this compound is pentamine, pentamine, A double M, I, B, N, E, pentamine, then the other ligand is nitrito O, nitrito O, covalent, there's no space here. Okay, covalent three, so the ALH4 is lithium, what we should write the positive part first, lithium is fine but tetrahydride is correct, yes and lithium and then space tetrah, because it is hydride ion, right? So it is negative ion, so hydride ion becomes Ido, tetrahydride O, aluminate because of the negative ion. Oxidation state is, what is the oxidation state? This is three. It is, we have Li plus and ALH4 minus, it is a negative ion. So this, like this, we light on the name. Okay, I'll share that video, you'll see how some more questions will have the idea of it, how to do it. Just you need to follow the rules, okay? Sir, for organic reactions, this gives hydride ion, right? Sir, but the complex doesn't dissociate, so how does it give the hydride ion? In organic reaction, we have different conditions. We are talking, it's not like you cannot break this, it is not like you cannot break this. What we are talking about, we are talking about that when you dissolve this in water in aqua solution, then this part retains its identity. So I said what? That the complex part retains its identity in solution, right? What is organic reaction we have? We have elevated temperature, right? High temperature we are using. We are using this reagent in order to provide hydride ion, correct? So for that purpose, we use the necessary condition which is required. Yes, got it. It's just we are talking about, in solution it retains its identity. Yes, yes. In this nomenclature, you see, in some of the questions, they'll give you both, you know, part, ket ion and ion part complex. So in that case, you have to, you know, understand how to write down the name. Okay. Suppose we have this, not much important, but we'll see just one example. CRMH3 and the another one we have COCN6. So the name of this compound, I'll write down first. It is hexa amine because always we'll write down the positive part first. So hexa amine, chromium, chromium, oxidation state we let it be now, then some space, hexa amine, hexa-sino, cobalt, cobaltate, oxidation state we'll see. Okay. So oxidation is said, how do you assign? That's the thing, right? What do you do? You just find out the total charge. What is the total charge we have? NS3 we have zero, no charge on NS3, and CN has minus one. So total charge is six, like the magnitude six. So this charge you have to distribute equally on the two metal. So we'll write down three here and three here. This is the name of this compound. Try this one, one more. I'll just give you PT, NS3, 4, CUCL4. So it is tetra amine, platinum, 2, tetra clodo, cuprate 2. Is it? Yeah, that's right. The name is tetra amine, tetra amine, platinum, tetra clodo. If you're doing this, you know, these kinds of questions in the exam, then you don't have to name this like this. Okay. I would suggest, first of all, you find out the oxidation state of the metal, whether it is both complex or the normal one that we were doing before this, right? Find out the oxidation state first. Okay, especially when you look at the option, and if you see the oxidation state differs in all the options, then you just find out the oxidation state. According to that, you can remove the options easily, eliminate the options easily. Okay. So nomenclature questions, basically, it's not, you know, a good idea to solve this, this way, like, you know, you find out the name and all these things and like them the name and then compare with options. You can easily eliminate options there. Okay. Now, next thing is, sometimes what we have, we have bridging group ligands, okay. Bridge ligands are present. I'll show you how it is. For example, you see this one. Just we are looking at one example, because these things are not at all important. Okay. H2O4, then we have FE. And there is a ligand which acts as a bridge here, OH, OH. And it is connected to FE here, H2O4 times SO4, like this, SO4, so how do we write down the name of this? You can write down this as, you know, like, separately this part and this part, you can write down. Or you can also write down because you have two bridges like this. So we'll use bridges two. So we'll just die for that. Die. And we'll use a Greek word, mu, to represent the bridging ligand here. Mu means it is a bridge group ligand. Okay. We have, these things are written in the rules. Okay. It is not given in that particular PDF, because it is not important. Okay. But I'm giving you one, just one two example, I'm discussing so that you can do it. I have seen this kind of question. They have asked an example. Okay. Die, mu, mu represents the bridging group ligand. Okay. Mu. And then two hydroxy we have here. Right.  Then we'll write hydroxo, hydroxo. Then we'll write down, we have x204, x204 twice. So we'll write down bis, bis, the name of this is tetra aqua, tetra aqua, iron. Oxidation state of iron is, you see, minus one here, minus one here, minus two into two, minus four. So plus four here, plus four, plus two, plus six. We'll divide this plus six equally on the two metal. That is three. Okay. Bracket close, tetra aqua. I'll write down one bracket here also because this is for the tetra aqua. No, just a second. No, we have this one. One second. Die, mu, hydroxo we have done with this. And then this part we'll name it as bis tetra aqua. Okay. Bis tetra aqua, iron, C and then sulphate. It's the name of this. Mu, we use a Greek letter just to represent the bridging group ligand. Okay. I'll give you one point here, one note you write down. In this one note you write down. Right on the bridging ligand, the bridging ligand is expressed, is expressed by bridging ligand, is expressed by Greek letter, mu, repeating, I'm repeating myself, bridging ligand is expressed by a Greek letter, mu, which is added immediately before the name of the ligand and separated by a hyphen. Okay. No, die sulphate we don't put. Die sulphate we don't put. Simply we'll write down sulphate. Because when you have read bis tetra aqua, iron is there are two iron atom present. Right. To balance that we have, we should require two sulphates. So from there you got the idea that we'll have two sulphates and so that is not required. Sir, could you just repeat the last part of what you said? The point that in the note, right? Yes, sir. Yeah, I'm repeating myself. The bridging ligand is expressed by Greek letter mu, which is added immediately before the name of the ligand and separated by a hyphen. Okay. One more example on this will do and then we'll move on. You can have two different bridging ligand also. Here we have OHOH. So I've written di new hydroxo. If you have two different names, then you can write down the name of the two. Like you see this one NH3, NH3, whole four. Then we have obald, NH2, NH2, NH4, NH3, whole and then we have NH2. So what is NH2? NH2 is amido, you can write. NH2 is nitrito. Sir, the bridge is like three centred to electron bond kind of thing. Bridge one. Yes, sir. So because it's not a diidentated ligand, sir. Yes. Yeah, it's like three centred to electron, because NH2 already has only one lone pair now. So it is distributed among the three nucleus and COOCO. Okay. See, here we have two other things or two different bridging group ligand, right? One is amido, NH2, other one is nitrito, NO2. So we'll write down mu two times here. So the name of this compound you see, it is nitrito, it is amido. Alphabetically, we'll write this. So we'll write down mu amido. This means the NH2 group is present as a bridging bridge here between the two metal. Then one more, we have some mu, nitrito. Here we have a small n here, right? Small n. Then we have two times here, tetra amine. So we'll write down this open bracket, tetra amine, cobalt, what is the oxidation state? What is the charge? Nitrate. Tell me the charge here. NO3 minus, NO3 minus. So four minus. So four plus on this, right? Minus one, minus one. Plus six divided by two. Plus three we'll have. So we should write nitrito n also. Nitrito n. I know why we'll write, because it's a molecule, no? So no, sir. Nitrito n I meant for the bridging ligand. Nitrito. Oh no. See, you can write, that's not wrong. But when nitrito you have written, it means it is understood that nitrogen is already in it. Yes. So these are some bridging group ligands. Okay, not important. Okay, but I have given you a bit of test of it, like if you get, you can easily do this with the help of auctions. But I haven't seen the past five years they have asked questions. Okay, fine. So next is we'll start the bonding in coordination compound. Okay. How the bonding takes place in coordination compound. We have half an hour, so we can go with it. Fine. So right down next, bonding in coordination compound. There are different, different theories for this. Like we have in normal compounds, I told you, VBT, hybridization, molecular orbital theory. So here also we have different, different theory. Okay. We have, we have balanced bond theory here also, Werner coordination theory we have here. Like we have crystal field theory, splitting of orbitals. There are many things. Okay. That we are going to discuss here. So bonding in coordination compound. So the very first attempt to explain the bonding in coordination compound is done by Werner's Werner and we call it as Werner's coordination theory. Write down into this. It explains the property and structure. It explains the property and structure of various coordination compound, various coordination compound. Write down the main postulates of this theory are the first point you write down. According to Werner's coordination theory, the first point in this first postulates every element, metal means every element, two types of valencies, two types of valencies. That is, we'll have primary valency, primary valency. First you write down two points into this primary valency. And we have, we also have one more. You can write down three, four lines after three, four, five lines. We can write down secondary valency. These are the two valencies we have in coordination complex, primary and secondary. Write down primary valency. It corresponds to, it corresponds to the oxidation state of the central atom. CMA write down, central metal atom. It corresponds to the oxidation state of the central metal atom. And it is shown by dotted line. And it is shown by dotted line. Next point in this you write down. The primary valency is satisfied by, is satisfied by the neutral mon, sorry, satisfied by the negative ions, negative ions such as CL minus SO4 minus sulphate ion, etc. Sir negative? The primary valencies are satisfied by the negative ions, CL minus sulphate ions, all those things. So in the complex, if the negative ion is present, that those negative ions, only negative ions, okay, those negative ions satisfies the primary valency. And we represent the negative ions with the dotted line, because I have given you that it is represented by the dotted line, okay. So negative ion is represented by dotted. I'll draw the structure also, okay. Secondary valency write down. It corresponds to the coordination number. It corresponds to the coordination number, the central metal atom or ion, pointwise write down, okay. First point I've given you, second point. It satisfies by, it satisfies by either neutral molecules or negative ions, either neutral molecules or negative ions. What do you, like, what is the meaning of satisfies by, I'll discuss that in the last, first you write down the nodes, satisfies by the neutral molecules or negative ions. Till now, you see the negative ions satisfies both kind of valencies, primary as well as secondary, okay. Next one. Sir, can you repeat the first point? First point, it corresponds to the coordination number of the central metal atom or ion. So this one is coordination number. See this, this one is, this one is coordination number, but this one is the oxidation state of the metal, right. Second point I've said satisfies by either negative ion or neutral molecules, it is satisfied by only negative ions, okay. It is represented by solid line, like this. This one is represented by dotted line, like this, write down. It is represented by thick lines or solid lines, you can write. Next point. Secondary valencies are directional, which I did not give you this point there, okay, fine. Write it down. This is directional, you have to place this in a fixed direction, okay, with a fixed angle. Secondary valency, valencies are directional. Primary valency is non-directional, non-directional. This one is directional and because of this only, the isomerism is possible in coordination compound, okay, because you have to, you have to place the atoms, ligands around the central metal atom in a fixed direction at a fixed angle. That's why it shows isomerism. One more point here is this primary valency, it is because of the ionic bond. It is the ionic bond. The primary valency means the ions which are involved, we have ionic bond here in primary valency. But in this one, we have coordinate bond. Secondary valency, we have coordinate bond. Yes, right, non-ionical also. Sir, you said that primary valencies are satisfied only by negative ions, no sir? Yes, right. Sir, within in complexes like K4, FECN6 or something, K potassium, which is positive ion is satisfying the primary valency, no sir? No, it's not like that. I'll take one example, two minutes, okay, I'll take one example. Okay. Next, see, because of this directional in nature, so those, you know, ligands which satisfies the secondary valency, you have to place this in a different direction, in a fixed direction. And that's why we'll have a coordination polyhedral. You have a shape of it that we call it as tetrahedral geometry or square plane geometry and all those. That comes because of this directional nature of secondary valency. Okay. Now, these are the few properties you should keep in mind that primary is ionic bond, oxidation state, non-directional dot line, secondary valency is coordination number, coordinate bond, thick line, and directional in nature. Now, we can understand this with one example. I'll just write down this example here. Suppose I'm taking an example of CO NH3 6Cl3, this one. Could you tell me the primary valency for this one? What is the primary valency? What is the secondary valency? What is primary valency? We have to check oxidation state. Check the oxidation state. Primary is 3 and secondary is 6. Sorry? Maybe 3. Primary is 3 and secondary is 3. Primary is 3 because oxidation state is 3, right? So primary is 3 and secondary valency is 6 because the coordination number is 6. Like this, you'll get the primary valency and secondary valency. Now, if you want to draw the structure of it, the structure you can draw this way. You have cobalt in the center and we have 6 NH3 and this satisfies the neutral molecule and this satisfies the secondary valency because secondary valency is 6 molecules and this satisfies this. So we have 6 NH3 which is represented by the thick line 1 coordinate bond. This is 6 NH3 by the thick line. This is 3 chlorine which is present outside and ionizable. This is because we cannot break this complex. This is ionizable. So it is represented by the dotted line which is this one. This is this molecule. Now, what I'll do? I'll do one change in this. Suppose I am taking this one. CO NH3 CO NH3 5 CL and then CL2. Number of in this molecule, number of ionizable chlorine atom is what is 3 which is outside the in this one. Again, if you count the primary valency, primary valency is the oxidation state. That is 3 only. Secondary valency is again 6. So it is same here. This chlorine is a negative ion. It has a dual role here. It satisfies primary valencies as well as the secondary valency. It has a dual role and number of ionizable chlorine atom is 2. The ion which is performing dual behavior, that is not ionizable because it is inside the square bracket. We cannot ionize the chlorine atom which is present inside the square bracket. Number of ionizable chlorine atom is 2. Fine. Did you get it? Now, when you draw the structure of it, so how do we draw it? You see we'll take a cobalt here in the center. I'll just write down a line here like this. NH3 consider this as the coordinate only. We have only 5. So we'll have this and NH3 here. Then 4 and 5 and here we have suppose one chlorine. So dotted line is for primary valency chlorine and since the chlorine atom satisfies both valencies, so there is one thick line also. Means it satisfies both valencies and then we have one primary valency here and one primary valency. This one satisfies both valencies. Right down here. Satisfies both. Primary valency and secondary valency. Excuse me sir. Yeah. Sir in the first structure while writing the chlorine atoms, does it like show how should we know like between which ammonia molecule should we write the chlorine and all? Anywhere you place. It is non-directed. It doesn't matter. Okay. Yes sir. Wherever you feel like, it is non-directional. So there's no way. Like but for this it is important and because of this only it has octahedral geometry. Right. Square and then one top and one the bottom. Right. You know structure we are trying to draw but yes the dotted line you can place anywhere. Not a problem. Understood this one. Now I'll take one more example in this same one. This one you see. CO, NH3, 4, Cl2 and one chlorine atom outside. So if you count here the primary valency is again 3 and secondary valency is again 6 here and the structure is 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 NH3 and we have 2 chlorine atoms which has the dual role. Right. So chlorine and then one chlorine will have. Number of ionizable chlorine is only this one. Right. Reds say I will circle it. I will take one more. The same thing will place all the chlorine atom inside. CO, NH3, Cl3 like this. So here also we have the same thing. Primary valency is 3 oxidation state. Secondary valency is coordination number. When you draw the structure here, the structure is this CO, NH3, NH3 and chlorine is here. 1, 2, 3 dual behavior. So both times you draw. Chlorine, chlorine and chlorine and none of the chlorine atom is ionizable. Number of ionizable chlorine atom is 0. Number of ionizable chlorine atom is only 1. The chlorine and NH3 have to be alternate. Sorry. So the chlorine and NH3 have to be alternate? No, no, no. See, it's don't try. See, just you try to understand that how do we represent secondary and primary valency? Structure will do once we finish the valence on it. What is the hybridization we are getting? And according to that, what should be the geometry and what is the placement of the ligands? Okay. Coordination number is 6 and coordination number 6's geometry is octahedral. That I'm telling you. Okay. We'll discuss that. Okay. So octahedrally you have to place. That is it. Yes. Okay. So this is the structure. Now K4F is CN6. We have 6 cyanide ion. Right. So 3, the oxidation state is 2. Yes, sir. So those cyanide ions will be dual behavior. Okay, sir. Understood. Got it? Yes, sir. Okay. Now on this, one last thing we'll discuss. Okay. This way, a question like they asked about the molar conductivity of these ions. They'll give you 4 or 5 options and they'll ask you to arrange them in molar conductivity. Molar conductivity we know it depends upon what? It depends upon the number of ions. Correct. Number of ions in solution. Right. So we'll see how many ionizable protein atom is there. Correct. The first one, how many ionizable protein atom, how many ions we'll get in the first case? This one. Okay. After this. How many ions we'll get in the first, in this case, you see, in this case? Four ions. We'll get four ions. Correct. Because we have three Cl minus and one this one complex. Correct. This positive and this three Cl. Four ions we'll get here. Here we'll get three. And then we can count the others also. Right. So the molar conductivity will be maximum for this one and this one. And then we can go for the other. Did you get my point? Right. So the number of ions you count, according to that molar conductivity, you can compare. They can also give you like this. Like this one, it reacts with A, G and O3. So in which of this precipitate forms or where we get the maximum precipitation. So here we get three modes of agCl precipitation. Here we get only two agCl, then three agCl. In the last one, we have no precipitation. So precipitation based question also they ask in this. You just need to keep in mind the ions which are present, atoms which are present outside the square bracket are ionizable. And according to that only, we consider the reaction or the number of ions that we get in the solution. Understood my point. So this is the coordination theory. He said what that there are, you know, two types of valencies and a neutral ions. He talks about oxidation state, coordination number and many things. But there are two drawbacks also in this theory. He could not explain why the secondary valency is directional. Right. The optical properties of molecules he could not explain. That's the one drawback. Okay, it's right on the drawback of Werner's coordination theory. The drawback of Werner coordination theory. He could not explain, he could not explain the magnetic and optical properties of the complex. The magnetic and optical properties of the complex. Main drawback is this only. One more drawback was there that he again could not explain why only certain elements shows remarkable properties towards forming the complex, the coordination complex. Okay. But the main thing is this only could not explain the optical properties, means why the secondary valencies are directional. He could not explain that and the magnetic properties means obviously there are a number of electrons, unbeared electrons were there. Right. So now to overcome this, these problems, this drawbacks, we got another thing that is we have after this valence bond theory, then we have crystal field theory, CFT, ligand field theory we have. Okay. Molecular orbital theory also we have into this one. There are many theories after this. Okay. But our syllabus is we have to do only VBT and CFT that is valence bond theory and crystal field theory. Right. So after valence bond theory, you will be able to understand that structure of the molecule, the hybridization kyao raya and I got into that what could be the structure of the molecule and how the elements, you know, the ligands are placed around the central metal atom in order to in the structure. Okay. So this VBT we'll discuss in the next class. Right. We don't have time now. I can't start it. Right. I would request all of you that chemical bonding I have explained the valence bond theory that you must go through once before the next session. Understood guys? Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir. Okay. Fine. So we'll wind up the session here. See you in the next class guys. Thank you. Thank you sir. Thank you sir. Thank you sir. Thank you sir.


Let's do this one now, okay, PCL-5, okay, so how will we normally do this, okay? So hopefully you guys can already see something's weird about this one, right? Because you would expect phosphorus and chlorine to make what compound? PCL-3, okay? But it's not that, it's expanded. So phosphorus must be expanding its valence, okay? So let's draw phosphorus as an essential atom, and we'll put our chlorines around it. Is everybody okay with what I've done so far? Alright, that makes sense? What happens is these three you would expect to be bonding, right? But what will happen is one of these will be promoted into another orbital, so it's by itself so it can bond, okay? And we'll talk more about this in a second. We'll do molecular orbital theory. So this is going to give us something that's got more things bonded to the central atom than the tetrahedral electronic structure. Is everybody okay with that? So in this case it's going to be five things. Can I erase this so I can show the perspective? Does everybody got one? Two atoms. Remember this is through Vesper theory as far as they can get away from each other. One, two, three, four atoms in the plane, right? This one's coming towards us, that one's going away, okay? So we call the ones around the center equatorial like an equator, right? Equatorial like an equator. So if you want to look, those three are the equatorial. These two are the axial ones, this one and this one, okay? Is everybody okay with that? Equatorial and axial. So what was your question? How do you know when they're going to be on a different plane? You just got to know the central atom and how many things are bonded to it. So how many electron groups? So just like what we were doing tetrahedral, this is the next one up, okay? And then are those two CLs on the same plane? These two, as each other, yes, right? They're all on the same plane, right? So all four of those atoms are also on the same plane too, right? But this one's not on the same plane as these things here, right? This one's in front, that one's behind. But this one, this one, this one and that one are all on the same plane if you turn it over like that, right? Check this out, here, catch this word. Yeah, but you can't see, right? Yeah, that's true. You couldn't even see the clock two seconds ago, so... Okay, so anyways, this thing, hopefully you can see kind of the pyramid, right? Do you see the pyramid there and kind of an upside-down pyramid there? This thing is called bipyramidal, okay? So this bond angle here is 90 degrees and this bond angle here is 120 degrees, as you would expect. So trigonal bipyramidal, right? So there's two triangles on top of each other. Any questions about this one? The three CLs in the plane with the P? Is that because P should have three CLs? It's supposed to be, but that's fine. It has nothing to do with that. It's just about how far away these electron groups want to push each other, okay? It has nothing to do with what it's supposed to do previous, okay? So it's just that these ones want to be as far apart from each other as possible. And these ones want to be as far apart from each other as possible. So you also have another bond angle here, right? That one, which is 180. So if I asked you electronic structure, this is trigonal bipyramidal pillar structure. It's also trigonal bipyramidal. This is not this one? Okay, cool. So I'd also say go watch the other video. I've made one of an octahedral complex, which is that one that we talked about earlier, SF6, okay? So I recorded that video earlier. It's fairly similar to this one, okay?


I'm just getting right into it. This is stuff. I Use all the time in my studio. Okay folding tables These folding tables are fantastic You can put them anywhere in your studio. See folding tables. I love them folding tables so good Never have enough folding tables All right, the problem with having more surfaces is that you create more mess, but then you make more art Okay, next Let's see What else is good to have? Let's see These this is fantastic having these lying around. I have a big one and Have a little one And then you just go up to it, you know, you're working on a painting like this one for example This one's for example, I added I had these lines on it You can't really see them yet, but I want to know what color they're gonna be so I look at this and you take your card You take this Well, this is one help the way and Look there and I don't know I'm seeing like I'm like in like reds and blues They're greens. Maybe it's all of them. I like all of them Okay, so how Rebecca works Rebecca is doing this. Look at this.  So Rebecca's painting two of these This is a two-part. So she's just doing oils over them And what Rebecca does is she she bought a pillow that had these colors and worked off of it with these colors So Rebecca is a oil paint artist she is Her best person when she is painting with oil and I'm so happy Rebecca's painting and excited for art You go through cycles as an artist you paint hard and you don't paint and then you remember you got to paint so Remember you got to paint What else whiteboards whiteboards put in your ideas and this is where I named the paintings And I I say what's next on them Okay These are good to lights. These are cheap tone lights from Amazon or from anywhere I'm starting to not like Amazon to be honest This is Good just having lights in your studio is helpful Good lighting good lighting If you can get out of your basement You make art in your basement because you don't give it the place it deserves. It deserves the best spot in your house It deserves to be right by the window. Hey, Sam from Canada. I'm in Canada too. Where are you? Okay, I'm gonna keep going next Water. Oh, this one's fun Vases if you ever find like old vases Vases vases there like this was Something they're great for paint brush holders or water trace So we have a lot to get to look really cool and they're good for putting brushes in they don't tip over easy All right next Ontario sweet damn in Ontario too Hamilton ish So you want to be an artist. Oh, okay. These are great.  Yeah, I know it's great great tip See so it's all in order and blacks Metallics and these are mediums and gessoes and then mediums right Okay This is how you become an artist God rich, okay, I've heard of it. I'm not familiar where it is I'm in Dundas Well, I love Dundas Okay, what else is important to have in the student. Oh, I know I'm over here So I use these like crazy For some reason I have a lot of circles in there. So I use these so much And then if I need to do bigger circles, oh Here's some more great tools guys I'm so excited to show you all my favorite things It's like we're hanging out, okay? Then if I need this from like an old cheap drum set look at that perfect circle for something These tools you can get these at the art store in the drafting section. They're not that much. They're really cheap It's so helpful. You can draw straight lines or know you're straight And then Things like that look I got another circle Just save if you find a good circle save circles. I mean Yeah, I don't know what these are. Okay. Oh, yeah Circle see There is Okay, well, I'm getting tired What else is good? Okay, let me tell you a story.  So here it is right now It's looking so much better. That's where the bite was That's one of the skirt. They that's where they sliced me open to squeeze stuff out and then there's another slice where that is Anyways, so now I'm on this the heavy antibiotics It's kicking my kicking my butt So I'm getting I'm tired and Nauseous. Okay. What else is good to have? I Just added this to my studio. I Just added exercise equipment in my studio and I've used it twice. I Just want to be healthy and happy, right? You got to do all these things next Paper storage Nice signs to yourself. Look at what can I create? Look what Rebecca did look at this piece. I think I like it What do you think? Rebecca says she has a really good idea. So I'm really excited to see what a good idea is And Rebecca says she has a good idea. It's exciting and it's going to be great Okay, and This is where we store references Big references Even that by 11 smaller smaller smaller so If you haven't already if you want to be an artist And you haven't started Saving references yet. Start it. It's so helpful if you see a color palette that you like grab it Okay, let me know if you guys want to see anything specific. They're in the art studio So I'm doing the 100-day art challenge This is day 40. This is the second time. I've did it. I've done it last time. I did it it Relieved me of some of severe anxiety Totally changed my life By making art every single day. I want to be an artist.  Bye


Excellencies, esteemed dignitaries and delegates, namaskar. Warm greetings to everyone at the 76th session of the World Health Assembly in Geneva. I congratulate the WHO on completing the historic milestone of serving the world for 75 years. I'm sure that the WHO would be setting course for the next 25 years when it reaches 100 years of service. Friends, the COVID-19 pandemic showed us the need for greater collaboration in healthcare. The pandemic highlighted many gaps in the global health architecture. Building resilience in global systems needs a collective effort. Friends, the pandemic also highlighted a need to boost global health equity. During a crisis, India sought its commitment to international cooperation. We shipped almost 300 million doses to over 100 countries. Many of these countries were from the global south. I'm sure that supporting equal access to resources will be a top priority for the WHO in the coming years. Friends, India's traditional wisdom says that the absence of illness is not the same as good health. We must not only be free from illness but also go one step forward towards wellness. Traditional systems such as yoga, Ayurveda and meditation address physical, mental and social aspects of health. I'm glad that WHO's first global center for traditional medicine is being established in India. I'm also happy that the world is recognizing the importance of millets through the international year of millets. Friends, India's ancient scriptures teaches us to see the world as one family. During our G20 presidency, this year we are working with the theme of one earth, one family, one future. Our vision for good health is one earth, one health. We can be healthy only when our whole ecosystem is healthy. So our vision is not restricted to just humans. It extends to the entire ecosystem including animals, plants and the environment. Friends, in the last few years, India has worked on availability, accessibility and affordability of health care. Be it the world's biggest health insurance scheme, Aishman Bharat or the massive ramping up of health infrastructure or the drive to provide sanitation and drinking water to millions of families. Many of our efforts are aimed at boosting health at the last mile. An approach that works with the scale of India's diversity can also be a framework for others. We are keen on supporting the WHO for similar efforts in low and middle income countries. Friends, I would like to commend the WHO on 75 years of efforts in advancing health for all. The role of global institutions like the WHO was certainly important in the past, but it will be even more important in a future full of challenges. India is committed to helping every effort to build a healthier world. Thank you. Thank you very much.