గానానకినెనియా నింరకన అపఫారాచిన్ట్ల౿సంని చావరార్ ికర్టరం చియకరిగికకికఖాదిసంపన గానాచారికినింనినికందరికెపిల౿నంసలిెటిల the so ind is nothing but horizontal movement of air why not vertical that happens in the collision theory also cloud droplets moving who going ahead but normally horizontal movement of air becomes weight. Which is triggered by temperature and atmospheric pressure this is very important a good relationship during the temperature atmospheric pressure as well as speed. When the temperature goes on increasing what happens if the pressure gradient between two location gets varied. Then, there is a low and high being developed as a result wind moves from the high to lower, క్రుఀ యియానిస్పి రిచిదికిక్మారుఎయసి నివమిందిర వని ఆపిందింండి. రినింద౾ నకార నివలెతార్క సందిజండి. రౕ మందివిందిలు సావిలి. మానా తార్నం, వనిమరి నలె కారాని. వావాలిష్లిన వినిక్తిండిక్కినిండింది న౮ంట౦ిసేవువం ఎడెధిదింసిれる మామై నింత్వా నినిక్మత్. . We can. We can. so by hill reaction water is getting splitted into hydrogen oxygen and mixed with carbon dioxide you have carbon hydride protection by the plants, so in the absence of the carbon dioxide there is no photosynthesis, so wind transports carbon dioxide from one side to the plant side that is why plant gets enough carbon dioxide for its photosynthetic production, temperature also gets transferred from one place to other place where wind, so for example when the temperature is more in a particular place that temperature being diluted by going with moving wind from other places then irrigation management this is very very important when the wind speed is more or wind is more means you need more irrigation and also there is a physical damage to the crop though through your wind also, the other area is pest and disease management this is very important you know white flies it is a very very dangerous insect it sucks the sap of the plant and makes the plant dried, it is immobile insect it does not move on its own there is no wing so when wind goes it goes, in northern part of India example grasshopper they come from one place to other place through wind also, so wind is very very important, then transpiration and evaporation this is very very important I was discussing about the crop order requirement when ET is more your production would be more price ET is around 1400 millimetre the yield was 510 nus per hectare, in the case of pulses the ET is 250 the yield is also 200 to 300 kilo per hectare, so when the wind move means it triggers the evapotranspiration as a result you may get higher yield if the plant architecture is so good not like that of your pulses these are also positive impact the negative impact would be soil erosion when it takes soils top soils and all erosion occurs sheet erosion, real erosion like rainfall and gully erosion, so wind also causes a soil erosion very greatly varies there is no inhibiting effect and the next one is crop lodging very very important in the case of the tall crops in the case of the heavy crops like banana tall crops like sugarcane wind does lodge the crops when the crops are at maturity, so these are all some disadvantages because of the wind flow, how wind is measured and reported, so wind speed is reported in kilo meter per hour that is very very important and also in knot, knot means being used in navigation and also other things one knots equal to I have given 1.836 kilo meter per hour that is equal to 1.47 miles per hour this can be converted miles is the old unit now we use kilo meter per hour what are the instruments being used manually we can measure the wind speed through cup and emometer, so this speed is like a instrument being fitted in motorcycles and other area the wind speed can be measured the difference between the initial reading and the 24 hour reading will give them the wind speed over 24 hours and divided by 24 then you can get wind speed a kilo meter per hour there is also another one is wind direction, wind direction is very very important where from wind comes where wind goes this is very very important when we were discussing about the temperature transfer plus one place to other place windward direction, wind leeward direction also very very important the windward direction is nothing but the wind where from it comes with leeward direction wind where it goes so this is expressed in degrees 90 degree east south 180 degree west 270 and north 360 degree so the wind direction is very very very important for especially for giving plant protection if you want to make a spray you should not move against the wind direction you should go through leeward direction then only there will not be any drifting and the input efficiency would be there so in that way wind is very very important for our weather forecast and other things in case of something else you talk about cyclone and everything there the core government is the wind speed the low is developed when we were discussing about our cyclone for rainfall process we were discussing that there is extensive air masses which make converged and air depact cooling we were discussing we were discussed already so in this case low is developed low means in the wind speed would be 31 kilometer per hour normally if you go by flight means it is 800 kilometer per hour if you come to bus means 60 kilometer per hour if you go for walking 5 kilometer per hour so the wind speed is 31 kilometer per hour means it is classified as low the low gets intensified then it becomes a depression the wind speed is 31 to 61 kilometer per hour then it gets again super empowered as a cyclonic storm the wind speed is greater than 61 kilometer then severe cyclonic storm greater than 88 kilometers and severe cyclonic storm with a cyclonic circulation core of hurricane winds is more than 180 kilometer per hour so based on the wind speed the cyclone being classified into different things and accordingly we can able to adapt to a man over the situation so in that way wind is very very important in respect of a India example we have south-east monsoon season we have north-east monsoon season so here the things are entirely different south-west monsoon wind normally does not go above 60 kilometer per hour but in the case of the north-east monsoon we get cyclone it is more than 100 kilometer per hour during last last October first week I hope there was a cyclone crossing between our Karekal and Puducherry it goes with 80 kilometer per hour like that it happens so classification of wind speed is very very important to understand and also to protect human life as well as planned life from the damage as caused by the wind with this I complete today's class in the next class we will be discussing something different now we have understood what is atmosphere how the weather elements are very very important and why the rainfall is very important how temperature is measured why our gauge is being considered for crop protection and also wind with this we will meet by next week thank you very much


All of you to Carnegie and it is a special pleasure to welcome my former boss Former Secretary of State John Kerry to discuss his extraordinary new memoir every day is extra. It's really great to have you here Thank you Bill. It's great to be here Recovering diplomats like me have a bad habit of droning on at the beginning of events like this But I promise I'll be brief and just offer two or three really quick observations first I can't think of an American public servant who's done more over the last half century To shape the evolution of our society or of America's role in the world than John Kerry From his military service in Vietnam through the turbulence of our own society During the Vietnam and Watergate years through five terms as a US senator from Massachusetts and his own candidacy for president To four consequential years as Secretary of State John Kerry has embodied the very best of American public service Second as many in this audience who served with him can attest I can't think of a public servant whoever worked harder or with greater drive and passion than John Kerry He really has lived and worked as if every day was extra Never wasting a single day never letting any stone go on terms never letting any diplomatic opportunity Go untested always convinced that it's better to get caught trying than not to try at all and Third and finally I cannot think of a public servant better place to help us understand how to navigate Through this deeply uncertain moment In our nation's history drawing on the lessons of an earlier deeply uncertain moment as John Kerry's rich life and wonderful Memoir remind us. It's going to take hard work and honesty from all of us to recover our balance and recapture our promise So our plan this evening is very straightforward I'll get the conversation started with two or three questions and then open it up to all of you at the end of the Discussion at about 6 30. I'd ask all of you to hold your seats while secretary goes downstairs To sign books. I urge you to buy as many as you can carry It's not too late for Russia Sean or back to school gifts And it's certainly not too early for a Christmas shopping So thanks again for joining us and please join me in a very warm welcome for John But thanks so much again Let me start with the title every day is extra How'd you choose it and how is that insight shaped your approach to public service over all these years? Well, every day is extra is what Donald Trump thought when Mueller was appointed Just figured that out actually No, every day and actually there's a very short Authors note and I and I struggled actually as all authors do I thought two of the hardest things to think about where it was the forward and then the afterward and And my publisher well advised me You know don't tackle it to you've written the book because then you can really have a sense of Kind of what you were trying to say and what it is but in the end There is an afterward and I and I it's a meaningful one. I hope and it's a short one Which is kind of where we go from here and what we have to take out of this book the title itself comes from a saying that My crew in Vietnam and others who were not on the crew but who came home As we began to think about opposing the war and what we needed to do to end it We realized that that we were obviously the lucky ones and While we came home a lot of people didn't so we had this saying that every day is extra. You know, we're lucky We're living extra days because I could have been killed on any given number of days and That is both a gift and a mystery as I write but it's also a huge obligation Frankly, and we sense that that you need to live a life of purpose and in the end the lesson is that Every day is extra is sort of Reminds you that there are just much worse things than flunking a test or you know missing a plane or Losing a debate or losing an election and then in the end the worst thing of all Would be to be See a lot of problems around you and be indifferent to them So that's the meaning of the title folks and you do not have to go to war. You don't have to be a vietnam veteran. You don't have to be recovering diplomat and politician to understand that Everybody can live by that saying and everybody should I'm an optimist Obama president Obama used to constantly John Would you get this optimistic you're too optimistic say no, Mr. President. You're too pessimistic I'm you know, this is the truth is that I am an optimist and I'll tell you before I close my comments why I'm an optimist because we have to talk about some tough things before that But then I'll tell you why I truly am an optimist, but that's what the title is that Thank you all for being here. I'm looking around and seeing faces. It used to shout at me Kerry. You're wrong about this. You got a Anyway, I see I saw the people who are laughing when I said that you know who you are I know who you are Those were just the State Department staff meetings. Yeah. Yeah, thank you for being here. It really means a lot I look forward to chatting with you about this book One thing I'll say about the book very quickly if I can because I was thinking about this because at first when I heard Woodward's But it's coming out. I said, oh shit It's a technical publishing term This was really good planning But then after you know Thinking about it and after listening to to it and reading a lot of the excerpts and what it's all about is Woodward and I'm not kidding you when I say this Woodward's book is the normal Bob Woodward brilliant piece of reporting that collects the truth from everywhere despite the denials and And he's just too smart a reporter at this stage of his life and also has a good publisher and You know the lawyers are not going to let him do this folks if they can't back it up And so that hundreds of hours of tapes and so forth You can you know, who are you going to believe Bob Woodward or Nileshaw? It's an easy one so that said He lays out the problem But he doesn't it depressed if you just have the problem you can be pretty depressed I really believe that my book which is not a policy tone. It is not your traditional You know, it's not present at the creation. It's not Kissinger diplomacy But and not just because they wrote a great book and I can't do that. It's because I Didn't we didn't want it to be I didn't want it to be the publisher didn't want that This is a journey. This is the stories of a journey of a lifetime of a young American life started in the end of World War two and carries through the 1950s and the changes and you know, we even talk about the music and the changes and things that happen as You know Buddy Holly came and went and Elvis came and went and the Beatles came and it just was all part of this journey and You can't think of it any other way The cultural transformation the summer of love out in California When I was in my first year of Navy training and so forth the grateful dead at the Fillmore West Rolling Stones, I mean how many people can say there's a forest dump in an atmosphere There's a there's truly a forest dump component to my life and I'll tell you I'm gonna digress I'll tell you a quick story some of you may remember that I appeared for duty with a broken nose when I was chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee just before I was about to take a trip to go to the Middle East so here's the deal I It is for us Gumpian because I described my meeting president Kennedy and calling and mr. Kennedy I didn't know you say mr. President and the conversation we had I described the Going sailing with him on Narragansett Bay And I described the meeting and introducing John Lennon at a big anti-war rally in so it's already pretty far as accomplished and Having Richard Nixon personally going after me when I was in Washington and so on and so forth But I was out in Ketchum, Idaho where we go for Christmas and we have an annual pick up hockey game Brumhockey and it's from age four to age 74. Whatever. It's a huge run of the different levels of skating and This fellow came out with his son and they were taking part in the in the in this affair And I'm skating down going after the ball we play with the ball not a puck and this guy falls right in front of me and I Decide rather crash into him I'm going to try and dive over him and slide on the ice So I'm diving over him head first and he starts to get up before my legs have cleared him So it's a legs up face down situation You could hear the nose crack all across the ice and and I turn around I come up I know it's bleeding a little bit. I know it's broken.  I literally looked like a raccoon Big black eyes for months and it was the first time the president Chastised me for a being you know Accessibly Athletically inclined the second time was obviously when I broke my leg in Judy in outside of Geneva Just before the Iran negotiations were over but in the reading of this book. I think in that journey you will First of all, I think it's honest I talk about a lot of things that are very personal and and Try to give everybody a sense of who I really am and then It goes through these Gargantuan ships and periods in our lives and my successes and failures as I try to navigate those early years and then ultimately Coming to the Senate and working with a lot of you who are here to Shed light on Oliver North and Iran Contra and the BCCI and Shut the banks and make Washington work and do what it's supposed to do So ironically, you know most of my class my class was Jay Rockefeller Tom Harkin Paul Simon Tom Harkin Paul Simon Jay Rockefeller Al Gore myself and then the one single Republican is the only member of our class who is still in Washington as a senator Mitch McConnell First senator elected from his state since reconstruction in party So that was the group of us and and they all decided to go run for president within about four years or eight years of being there it wasn't for 18 years before I decided to run for a lot of different reasons and Thanks to all of you. We came within one state Micro close But this book tries to draw the lessons Acknowledge the mistakes and most importantly, this is really what's important about it. This is why it's the It's the antidote to what? Bob Woodward lays out This book describes how we accept and fight many times Unsuccessfully more times successfully to make our democracy work and Never have we needed to do that more than right now We're in trouble And I don't try to be a trouble monger or to be a you know somebody who tries to scare people but I'm telling you folks And I write about this in the last chapter in the book. I mean I wish I could Find legal standing to bring a case against Donald Trump for the lives that will be lost and the property that will be damaged in the billions of dollars because of his decision on climate change This is life and death Our democracy matters that much and what is happening in the sloppiness of the diplomacy that's going on with Kim Jong-un the sloppiness of His reckless statements in Europe at a time where Europe is already weakened somewhat and matters to us more than ever Since the end of World War two. I mean these things matter enormously and we got a fight for them and We proved in the course of the and I lay it out in this book You know when I came back from the war it was not an easy thing to stand up people forget that today When I stood up against Richard Nixon There was a huge division in the country and it was not a pathway to running for office or being involved in public life It was a pathway to you know, and I was arrested for civil disobedience and demonstrating against the war So it was divisive and I certainly earned some enemies for a lifetime through that experience And we saw some of them come to the forefront in 04. That's what that was about wasn't about my record it was about them being angry that I opposed the war and Told the truth and Ken Burns's movie has now helped reinforce that truth But the point I'm making to you is that when Nixon was unleashing the FBI on people when Nixon was Engaged in prosecuting an enemy's list when Nixon was involved in cheating and lying and perverting the you know subverting the Constitution and when when he was in the midst of attacking the Justice Department and firing the Attorney General the Special prosecutor and then you know the acting Attorney General resigns only at Richardson I mean this was a process of dissembling of the American government and people were thinking about it that way We were in the midst of the southern strategy the exploitation of People by virtue of race in full force You know all you have to do is listen to the Nixon tapes to hear The bigotry and the hate that came out despicable and then of course there were pipe bombs blowing up in buildings and people carrying guns and shooting people in the streets and Detroit was lit on fire with riots in Los Angeles and so forth people forget this and People wondered about American institutions Guess what? We not only made it through it. We got stronger and the nation came out of it brilliantly in the end And we go through these crisis. I think people forget how really strong the American people are and we can get through this period which is Certainly the most dangerous moment for our country since all of that and more dangerous in some ways because Henry Kissinger and Nixon were not You know, they were smart and farm policy. Let's be honest about with exception. I mean they tried to get out of the war They took too long they could have in the end They wound up basically bombing as John Nugger Ponte said and I quote him in the book They had to bomb the north into accepting the concessions that we had made to the North Vietnamese You know as a fundamentally a kind of Surreptitious surrender in ways to get out of there. He knew we had to do that thinking there'd be a longer decent interval than there was But the bottom line is I think this book explains how we make it all work, and I'll just end on this note to you 54.2 Remember that figure sear it in your brain at least for the next two months 54.2 is the percentage of American eligible voters who came out and voted in the last election When I ran in 04 it was 60 point four percent turnout Eligible voters when Obama was elected in 08. It was 62.3 percent when he was reelected. It was 58 point five percent The message of that is When was the last time it was 54.2? Al Gore You've got to come out and vote You've got to and we've got to make sure Millennials kids all those folks, you know term, you know when Trump won 9% of the vote of Obama's vote actually went to Trump 7% of Obama's vote didn't turn out That's the difference in the race so it's not the people who came out the vote for Donald Trump Who are the story of this campaign and where we are today? It's the story of the people who didn't come out and that's the lesson of this book You have to work to make democracy work You have to stand up to the big money you have to call even a president Reagan out on BCCI or on Contras or whatever You know it matters that people believe in rule of law and stand up and fight for it That's a much longer Sort of response to your intro bill, but I think it's the heart It's the heart of this book folks and it's the heart of what really is the solution to the problem We face today. There's no problem. We face on this planet that we can't cure human beings But you need the leadership to put the choices in front of people and right now. I don't see those choices being put people I just see division and And You know sort of an arrogance and a dissembling and obviously a level of lying That is utterly stunning. In fact just plain pathological and that's part of the danger So and another another part of this solution that you write about Vividly in the book is your early years in the Senate and the capacity of Your you and your colleagues to work across partisan lines and certainly we were all reminded of that You know John McCain's memorial service at the National Cathedral You and he worked together to immortalize relations with Vietnam to help heal the wounds in both of our Countries, how do we recapture that spirit? Somebody asked me today.  I can't do it. No, you can't but but voting doing what I just talked about If we have the course correction that we can get this year folks We get people in there who are gonna do the regular order like John McCain asked for and what we ought to be engaged in There's no other way. I Said to people the other night somewhere the rules of the Senate aren't exceedingly different from the way they were 50 years and 80 years ago Yeah, something's changed on the voting of judges and there's been a you know legislative nuclear explosion But other than that the rules are the same how you bring a bill to the floor what you do What your powers are as a senator what the presiding officer has to do and so on and so forth the problem is nobody does that There's no real Legislating taking place real Legislating taking place now. I can remember Robert Byrd had us there through Friday night and Saturday morning And we were voting in real legislative succession and nobody knew what a member was gonna come up And you bring it up and there'd be a real amendment and you debate it and you fought it and ultimately there was the given take of Legislating where you get that sausage made even though it's ugly to watch it being done. It comes out okay And it lasts That's how it's done. Many of you were part of those battles And I remember being at Ted Kennedy's house some night you'd have John Warner there and Mack Matthias and Orrin Hatch and a few Democrats and we'd sit around and we'd laugh and we'd have fun and to be jokes but we would also talk about health care or talk about some country or a war whatever it was and Out of that discussion the next day could come an amendment that would pass or an agreement We're gonna try and end this nonsense or whatever it was you can't do that now You're almost punished for the notion that you walk across the aisle to work with somebody else you're part of the enemy That's got to stop folks and how's it stop? We need leaders who make it stop You need I mean I believe that if Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan and Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer got together and they all agreed Some night look this is crazy. We're destroying this institution What are the 10 things we need to do in order to have regular order and start to move? Let's all agree. We're gonna do it.  You want me chairman of the committee. This is how it is You make it work It's called leadership And right now we're just floundering around with this completely divided America. Why because we went through a period by the way I'm gonna be an equal opportunity dispenser of Blame for this It's not one party that's to blame for it. Both have had their share of being excessive In response to something that happened previously now I can't tell you whether something that happened previously was just the John towers rejection Or whether it was Robert Bork's rejection but over the 1990s certainly in the in the heat of the gingrich revolution Something changed in the Senate and you began to see this All or nothing this kind of the trooper in this take hold and We saw a different kind of senator come over from the house Those of you who were there know that's true and and the dynamic just shifted and then Because a Lot of promises were made that we never kept both sides But the principal ones of the last few years have been this conservative movement that has been towards You know constantly saying we're gonna end Roe v. Wade. We're gonna have lower taxes We're gonna get rid of regulation We're gonna have smaller government and those were the promises the mid-1990s and go read the contract with America. Okay, so There was excess particularly in the impeachment process take note and You know people got bitten in the rear end the House and Senate changed but The Gingrich revolution didn't deliver any of those things and then you had the Tea Party and You had a reiteration with greater adamancy of the same kind of promises now get rid of government get government out of your hair Liberate you smell run the list then you had Freedom caucus because they didn't deliver and then guess what happened yet a hostile takeover of the Republican Party by Donald Trump You also had a fight going over on our side of the fence between Hillary and Bernie and between the left sort of direction versus you know how you get elected in America terms of the You know center and the needs to be rational about how you create jobs and what you do and you have to pay for a few things here And there those are minor things in governance, but they matter but the bottom line is that We got a lot of pissed off citizens And you cannot pretend to be involved in public life for this country if you don't understand why people are pissed off and They're pissed off because none of the promises have been delivered on either side of the fence and And particularly when you add to that the changes globally in the way we live You know we're witnessing industrial revolution size Changes both culturally and physically in the workplace and economically, but It's happening at digital pace And when you add to that the global transformation It's no longer a world where the United States could make a decision about the economy or about whatever and make a mistake But still win no longer It's far more after the end of World War two when we set up all these International institutions which greatly favored our value system obviously and which Putin and she now pushing back against very hard They're trying to create a new narrative for this century And we're not being sensitive and thoughtful enough about how important that narrative is to actually getting things done on the planet and To sustaining it So we have to really get back to work in order to restore Our primacy of leadership around those values and obviously this guy is going in exactly the opposite direction With great dangers to the interests of our country That's the bottom line But people have not done better Politics is all about making people's lives better I mean Tip O'Neill used to say to us all politics is local right, but it's not just local I learned all politics is local and personal and It's also about perceptions. I had a professor in college who caught me that all politics is about felt needs and We have not responded either side Washington is not responded Congress has not responded to provide for the felt needs of the citizens of our country And it's their real needs to by the way, but all you have to do is feel them and they're real But when you look at what's happened to wages First uptick in wages in the last round here, but I don't know if it's sustainable because of what's happening with the trade war stuff It's probably going to start to shred And I'm glad President Obama went out and talked about the reality of when it began and how it happened But my friends here's the deal People at the end of 2008 when the economic crisis hit which we Democrats walked the plank on We lost the house over it a lot of friends lost their seats in the house because they dared to vote what we had to do The Republicans whose party it was that brought the travesty ran away from it And only Arlen Specter and a few others stood up and Arlen Specter lost his seat too over that courageous vote That's the cowardice of what has happened in American politics today and right now today while every one of those guys up there on the hill They absolutely know how sick the situation is how unbalanced and unhinged it is how dangerous it is But they are happier To ignore their oath of months of office to uphold the Constitution and save the Institutions of America. They're happier protecting their power their party and their president and that's a disgrace So that's where we find ourselves and it's all happened for extremely understandable explainable reasons and Just as it's explainable and understandable The antidote to it is Is there in the waiting now? We got what how many seats? About well, we need 23 obviously win, but I think there are I forget the number. I think anywhere between 45 to 60 Competitive seats and God knows what what's gonna happen if everybody does their job goes out and works We got so much more to talk about this evening, and I don't want to monopolize the question So let me open it up to all of you if you'd raise your hand wait for the mic Hello, mr. Secretary. My name is max bone and I'm a student of international affairs at the George Washington University For your entire term as Secretary of State You are very involved in the Democratic Republic of the Congo especially the past two years trying to get Kabila To have an election and not run for another term now after it being delayed multiple times Many people being worried that he was going to run for another term He has announced that he's not however many are worried about his successor if he'll be any better And also about the legitimacy of the election So I'm curious in your view if it is a victory for the international community that he has decided not to run And if we should step back or if we should could or if we should continue to put pressure And also if the Trump administration Especially with ambassadors hate with ambassador Haley's advocacy has done a sufficient job. Thank you Well, thank you for the question I'm delighted that wasn't Kabila has made the decision he's made and I argued to him as strongly as I could that He's a young enough man that he can Honor the Constitution of the country and help the country to become much stronger That some friend of his I mean, you know, I mean Putin is one example with Medvedev, but it's probably not the best example in the world But you can create a Structure where somebody else is coming in for a period of time and you can go on if that's what you want to do But I told him I thought that he could play a tremendous role as an ex-president Who had kept the Constitution process intact and stood up for his country by Leading private sector efforts to develop his country And to begin to attract investment around the fact that they're building stability in the country And he could be a terrific ambassador for that. There are all kinds of ways to help You don't have to just be the president. Um, I think that he Hopefully will do that, but I don't think by any means we should step back I think the power of the united states now uses the example what we did in In nigeria With buhari I went there twice during the course of that process read them the riot act the first time I went with a major Warning about what would happen if they either of them advocated violence or played games with the process and buhari afterwards Literally credited us the united states with our With our advocacy for having allowed nigeria to have an election that was fair in which The other the incumbent president whom he defeated actually Folded and went away and conceded not unlike what we accomplished with with musharif in Pakistan the same way so our engagement our leadership traditionally At the un within the international community within the african union and other places where we had credibility and impact Makes a dramatic difference Obviously the problem here is There's just not a lot of credibility to the efforts of this administration I'm not sure it's on their radar screen or they're able to I'd love it if nicky hailey would tackle that She could have some impact because she's had some visibility And and I think she could help Leverage attention on it. So I would urge her to try to do that Thank you I'm famed on my member of a tonighty council as an iranian american who lived in this country for 46 years I was extremely delighted to see the iran nuclear finally being signed and thank you for your tireless work It was a perfect timing perfect team from iran Now that the president Trump has gotten out of this deal with the signature and do you really believe that the iranians Will come to the table again and trust the united state to sign another deal with this administration And the second question is will you be running for the presidential office? Well, let me I'm not let me answer the first question if I can for you just very quickly Not on your life or mine Will they come to the table with this president? It's impossible politically physically now Which which underscores the fact that I think the administration is not Looking for you know a renegotiation what they're looking for is regime change And and the you know once again, first of all the united states of america does not do regime change well I would have hoped people might have learned that by now Last evidence of that is is libya And our efforts elsewhere in the middle east um But it displays a remarkable level of ignorance of of uh the region and the dynamics and the and and the Reality on the ground in iran let alone the reality in our european allies and in the Russians and chinese it also uh ignores a massive reality about The politics of iran itself which is tragic because Anyone who has studied iran or who has a sense of the country understands that the revolution of 79 Has had its opponents and detractors within good morning Has had its detractors within the country It's not a monolith at all And all you have to do is see the green movement and the elections unfolding and the demonstrations to understand that It is authoritarian and it can be pretty brutal and tough And that means that people take great risks when they when they try to step out But ruhani clearly was clearly in the more moderate wing of iran and it's all relative but of iran And was trying to move people in a in a different direction And the hardliners the irgc and others even the ayatollah said to them Don't negotiate with the great satan You can't trust them It was a huge leap of faith for them to get to the place where they agreed to negotiate And they agreed to negotiate largely based on their sense that both president obama And i were on the up and up and bill burns and their respect and wendy sherman and the people they were dealing with Were on the up and up and they could trust us and they learned very quickly. We negotiated in good faith We got around to do a lot frankly really amazing things unheard of things in terms of the turnaround on their program and um I regret to say that because of what donald trump has done it's impossible politically For anybody to turn around and just capitulate and cave in and come back to the united states and now Negotiate because we were pressured into because we got out of the thing no way The best you can hope for is that administration can come in with credibility and people with credibility can re-engage with them And try to bring them back in some form And that itself will involve a new negotiation because they will want to negotiate The secondary sanctions and the banking situation, which they never benefited from frankly And we will want to negotiate yemen hezbollah other things now because the dynamic has changed So I think there's a different thing that would unfold, but Here's the danger everybody Countries in the region were telling me I probably bill. I'm sure bill. I know bill And the president and hillary That the only way you guys can deal with the ran is you got to bomb them I heard those words out of the mouth of president yubarak. I heard them from king of dala Uh, I mean there were and I heard them from bb nanyahu all of whom said you got to bomb them And a couple of them were actually importuning the white house during that time To give them a green light to go do it and president obama did not he resisted that So, you know, I mean before you've even done diplomacy they were saying you got to go bomb We at least argued at least you've got to exhaust the remedies of diplomacy to earn the credibility So that if you have to go to the un you have got people with you and so forth, but Um So I have no doubt that by virtue of the the pursuit of this agreement We avoided a war in the region.  And a whole bunch of them might be following after that not to mention problems in the subways of paris and london and Whatever whoever joined in that effort if we were alone It'll be us alone and that will not be pretty now that said um The dangers of this are that I mean look if you're the best negotiator in the world Which someone claims to be It seems to me the much smarter approach to this would have been Threatened to do what you what he did but Use it to get the europeans And the chinese and the russians all do agree They rather than do that We're going to go put a lot of pressure on them about yemen about hezbollah about transfer of weapons And you say to them. Okay. I'm gonna stay in it for the next two years I mean, it's a 15-year period before anything changes. They physically cannot make a bomb for 15 years. You know that And then they can only do it if they want us to know what they're doing because we will know whatever they're doing They started to use higher enrichment to go do something. We'll know it but Under these circumstances i'm telling you that what the president should have done is said to them And then you'd have had the un with you You'd have had everybody agreed on the strategy And you stay in Keep them from having any right to go do anything with enrichment or make a weapon But put the pressure on them for what's happening in yemen what's happening in these other places Which is a legitimate concern. By the way, we were always concerned about those things We never we kept the sanctions In place on weapons and we raised them We kept the sanctions in place on the transfer of weapons to yemen and we raised those sanctions We kept the sanctions in place on human rights And we kept the sanctions in place and what they're doing fooling around with hezbollah and hezbollah is a terrorist organization So we were never soft on any of that We just had I think a reasonable realistic strategy about how you actually get from here to there And and I think it's laid out in the book pretty clearly Hi, thank you. My name is hanny nasser with the embassy of canada as you know This administration has taken certain economic actions against close allies and partners I wanted to get your views on administration's goal of advancing priorities without these partners as they Take certain actions, but also what role does congress the senate have in Especially in in trade negotiations. Thank you Well, congress is obviously supposed to uh, what congress has the final say on the trade negotiations Because congress has to pass whatever it is whether they review it early or review it late It depends on the structure of the agreement, but uh, congress Has a very significant role in terms of trade I think that but don't expect this congress right now to step in and save everybody from anybody They seem excessively intimidated by the president Because the great fear that people have today is not general elections. It's primaries And the result has been you've had a shift because of the mean they're two great evils in the american political system today That are tearing us apart One is the amount of money in american politics And the second is the gerrymandering of the united states congress Which prevents people from having a genuinely democratic general election So what's happened now in this transformation is in the house and senate They terrorize members with the threat Of a primary with all the trumpistas now, but even before trump. He didn't start that you had the uh You know, you had the one of the caucuses would Motivate me.  Yeah, I guess it was bitter. Uh, he he uh, you know, they used to they used to raise pack money against their own colleagues in the caucus And and and so people just want to avoid all that except for bob corker and jeff flake who decided to Go elsewhere because of it And now ben sass who's speaking a little bit so Uh, I don't see much happening. Unfortunately, and i'm afraid canada. I mean, I cannot believe Who are at war with canada economically? That's just stunning to me how how How lined up we are with canada how we share so much How important the relationship is and likewise mexico I mean, I spent time creating in north america caucus we wanted canada Mexico and the united states to be closer and joined more and acting more as a block Even in the context of trade as we could have transitioned into a new era of our trade Relationships, but now he's blown that too. If you're the world's greatest negotiator Can you negotiate better with canada and mexico as part of the entity and then go out to the world and say Here's how we think it's got to be in order to deal with north america. That is far more powerful than then Dissing everybody and you could substitute a p for the d and say on And you it's just astonishing to me What what what they're doing and the price is going to get paid folks China's lining up the next round of countervailing tariffs And uh, we will lose jobs It will be higher cost to the american consumer and there's a breakpoint here where you don't get this on the slow It starts to speed up That's just the way it works. It does take a special kind of diplomacy to alienate the canadians Yes, ma'am As a political status quo hypothetically How would you provide uh, especially using the resources of the department of state both accountability for governments which commit foreign attacks And also begin to establish an actual deterrent against cyber warfare Well, I tell you uh, what I would do a couple things that a president should do right now One is On climate change we can come back to that one afterwards, but on this subject I I worked very hard. I came to the senate in 1984 election when reagan won massachusetts and You know massachusetts gets a this is a digression but gets a bad name Everybody says oh, it's so totally blue and it's a hardcore You know far left democratic states. It's really not folks We've had in the last of our governors of our last seven Seven of our last Eight or nine governors. I guess we had the ball patrick and one other. That's it. They've all been republican in massachusetts We were the second state in the nation to have a property tax rebellion called prop two and a half after prop 13 in california And ronald reagan carried massachusetts twice by record levels And the only reason we got stuck with the mcgovernment sort of sense. Oh this state voted for mcgovernment It was the narrowest margin any democrat had ever carried massachusetts by Against reagan. It just happened to fall in a column that could have gotten the other way and been 50 states So that and then ted kennedy obviously Sort of reinforced but there's this sense that that's where i supported When I first came into the senate the grand runman hollings effort because I thought we needed to balance the budget I thought we were in trouble economically and indeed in the 1990s We balanced the budget and massachusetts supported ultimately teddy supported that So we're not this, you know place over there where we can be impervious to the normal currency and we By the way, we had louis day hicks And we had major opposition to school busing And and the racial issue has torn our state as it has a lot of other states So I say all of that as a Just to kind of underscore to you that Uh You know you can't just sort of be automatic about what's going to happen in in the state as a result Now you're where are you there you're the center part of your question was the not the Cyber so let me come back. Yeah, I just wanted to finish that piece of so We need to we have huge technology in massachusetts with huge technology capacity in california texas new york other states What we need to do and what I was describing 84 about was because Back then we had the nuclear freeze and we had a lot of focus on the mx missile and on arms control And I was hugely motivated by arms control And I'd been the nuclear chemical biological warfare school in the navy and I You know knew enough about the throw weights and the You know radiation and clouds and so forth that it just was Beyond comprehension to me that we had 50 000 warheads each aimed at each other What did we do? We got together the great powerful nations of the world And we sat down and got Rational about it for the first time and started in the opposite direction and we had arms control agreements My great goal in the senate for years was to be a member of the arms control observer group With sam nun and with john warner in these guys And it was where the action was today I think far more realistically dangerous Far more of a threat to our country on a daily basis and to other countries Is the potential of the cyber attack and cyber warfare In a world where we all depend on technology where Computers are running our air traffic control system our water treatment facilities our nuclear plants Our run the list Transportation railroad gates that open and shut You know you run the list of these things And it ought to be scary to everybody we need to begin immediately a new era of arms control in cyber And the united states ought to be leading russia china france some middle eastern countries Every country with this higher level cyber capacity ought to be at the table And we have to come together and hammer out a global agreement About transparency accountability rules of the road and remedies enforcement And at the same way we have on arms control like an npt People have to sign up to it And i'm going to be pushing this out there as hard as i can because You know we actually sat in the in the situation room in the white house with president obama And discussed responses to russia for the hacking And i can't go into the details of it except to say to you that You know because classified but We talked about some pretty scary awful things that we could do The part of the problem was we also knew they could probably do it So now you're seeing a new age Of this administration talking about going into space Weapons That's insanity I fought that back when we were in the senate I led the fight to stop anti satellite testing And we won that fight folks. We won it. I thought we'd put it to bed Now it rears. It's like dracula. You have to put you know some sort of stake through it I got a better idea where you put the stake, but we you know we got to do this You have to have a cyber arms control Regiment and you've got to have a method by which you're going to agree on how you're all going to police it and enforce it And if we keep going with the arms race we've got in cyber now I'm going to all live in a much more dangerous world because without firing a shot You could bring the financial system of a country to a dead stop And the recovery from that. I don't even know how you begin to Trillions of dollars being monkeyed around with and changed It's very very tough scary stuff. So that's where I think we have to go in cyber Let's get somebody in the back here. Give them a shot The back ventures This is I'm afraid this is going to be the last question Thank you young king from voice of america So, uh, how do you assess the latest development with north korea and um What do you think about trump administration criticizing? Obama administration strategic patients policy technically men do nothing I'm sorry. I couldn't hear the last part of it. So, uh, president trump administration criticizing obama administration's strategic patients policy Technically men are doing nothing on north korea. Oh on north korea. Yeah, okay, and the very beginning you began you said what do you think of The latest development with north korea. What is the I mean do you consider A statement by king zhangan about how much they love each other the latest development I don't consider that a development Uh, he's got nuclear weapons and our intelligence committee has told us that he's growing those weapons That's the development. We ought to be paying attention to And the fact is that all this gooey back and forth. I think is called North korean rope a dope Uh I mean think about it folks You go to have a summit With scant preparation No Communicate pre-agreed upon no understanding of how you're going to define Nuclears at denuclearization No understanding of where you're going to go with respect to the accounting for whatever exists as weaponry What is the declaration they're prepared to do? How would you How would you Document that declaration and how will you then begin to deal with that declaration?  He's a really good guy. I like him so much now and he likes me Well anybody in this room who spent any period of time reading about kim zhangan Would think twice before they run around saying those kinds of things based on a single meeting Uh, just ask the people who Literally threw up because they were forced Uh and fainted because they were forced to watch the public execution of people But with them using 122 millimeter anti-aircraft guns against human beings Uh, there's ugly stuff And uh, there is no sign whatsoever That what happened in singapore was anything more than kim zhangan getting something that his father And his grandfather both wanted Both tried to get and never got because the preceding presidents republican and democrat alike Were unwilling to give them a meeting to legitimize them unless they had something positive moving forward on denuclearization on the talks on a structure And we went through it once before in the 1990s when clinton did come up with the agreed upon framework of the 1990s And they cheated so You know, what's the old saying, you know Fool me once shame on you fool me twice shame on me I just think that this is uh A difficult now would I now let me be fair This is important I'm an advocate of engagement. You all know that about me I would have pushed to try to have a conversation. I think that's good I'm glad he wanted to have a summit rather than engage in the back and forth tweeting and rhetoric that they had I just wish that it had been implemented and worked on In a way that advanced the process So that you come out with something and you know what your roadmap is and where you're heading That's that's the problem here. It's not that you wanted to talk and I would have probably been an advocate for breaking the The gridlock of always requiring everything you needed as long as you've got enough to know you're really sustaining the process And I would have supported A temporary halt in the exercises in order to try to create the atmosphere within which you could try to do that What I fear is that north korea got more out of it In a way that helps them and now they're just going to I mean i'm told through the intel stuff that would have been public not going into anything private But the public intel stuff says they're still building they're building more they're moving them around they're hiding them and That's dangerous. That's not a good situation. So that's where we are Let me close close if I can by honor. I want to honor bill's admonition last question. I know We have another part of this so but let me Try to share with you a sense of this of this optimism And I believe in it I believe in it partly because what I saw when I was at the state department over the four years I was privileged to be there I believe in this optimism because I there's so many good people in this country Who want To tap into the best of who we are and of what we believe And because I've seen what we can do when we put our energy into the effort to make our country what we believe it is and want it to be I also am Powerfully influenced by the realities of the world we're living in and around us folks measured against history We are curing diseases today that we never imagined we'd cure I mean smallpox, tuberculosis, forms of cancer We have we have highly Targeted personalized cancer treatments now because of the genome project, etc We're living longer than we've ever lived before as human beings We live a higher quality of life in the united states in europe and certain parts of the world than any people ever dreamed They would live we earn more money. We are able to move around freely able to take part in the political process, etc If you're a woman somewhere in the world today, you are 50 percent more likely to give birth If you're pregnant to give birth and live through it You're 50 percent more likely that your child lives through it and will be fed and go to school We are in the verge of having the first generation of children born AIDS free in Africa Why because we started pep far because we put money Into the antiretroviral drugs and we've done the building of a health care structure Ebola I sat in that in that situation room and we were told a million people are going to die between now And and christmas in four months And we refused to accept that idea and president obama Committed 3 000 troops to go to west africa. We worked with the french and the british We stopped Ebola in its tracks with a fraction of those number of people dying You look at what's happening globally in terms of violence. Yeah, it was horrible It was the most sickening thing I ever saw in my life Was the video of that jordanian pilot being burned to death In in in a cage and and then the second or equally as sickening was seeing uh fully It was head cut off and so forth. So we see horrible acts of violence. They're despicable And and they scare everybody which is what they're meant to do But when you take the totality of what's happening even with the bombs going off in certain places at certain times and and the conflicts we have Far far fewer people are dying today Of violence in the world then at any time in human history and particularly in the last century 30 million russians died six million jews run the list and that was state on state violence In this century, we're seeing a different kind of violence. We're seeing Non-state actors of the principal actors of of discord and dissension and and except for putin and russia It's rare that you are seeing a state Act against another state or try to take territory doing so the psyche has changed psychology has changed the reality has changed moreover 450 million people have been brought out of poverty in china New middle class Same not quite the same number about 400 million in india Are are are now a new middle class, but it's true south korea 15 years ago We were giving aid to south korea when i was in the senate now south korea is delivering aid to countries in the world So i see a march of progress until this moment I've also seen a march of democracy a march of freedom a march of look at what lecualenza did look at what baklav havl did and they were inspired by us And that's what we have to get back to folks remembering who we are and and believing not in this tribalism and this You know This dirty populism that is being used by trump et al to scare people But by leaving believing in the power of people But the power of people to do good things because we're putting good things on the table that we ought to be doing And and you know severe poverty when i was in college was 50 percent of the world Severe poverty today is less than 10 percent of the world It's amazing what's happening. That's why i am hopeful we go through crises We go through terrible moments the darkest of all must have been you know And and i read a lot about it still as world war two and the darkness of the world during that period of time And we've made mistakes since then in vietnam and in in various other countries But we've learned from them i think And i think the american people are prepared to be engaged with the world engaged to try to make a difference but they want common sense and honesty in Sharing with them what the plan is how we're going to make a difference and what we're going to do And and you know detoxville noticed when he came to america in the 1800s and wrote his famous treaties He said you know there's something different in america the american people are different And they're different because they do charity They give to other people they take care of other people and lots of other countries that doesn't happen So i am convinced our value system is worth fighting for And i believe deeply in what i used to talk about as a as a secretary and as a senator and which others You know you hear more people sort of tapping into this now that What separates us from everybody else on the planet? Is the fact that we do not define people by by cast or by race or by Religion or color scheme this was not supposed to Some people now are But that's not america america has the idea that all men and women are created equal And that's the idea around which we've organized ourselves since we were founded as a country. We are an experiment folks Remember that We are still an experiment. We don't know how this turns out But i know what we were warned to think about by none less than ben franklin When he walked down the steps of constitution hall after they had worked late into the night and finally Resolved what the structure of our government would be and put it to paper And a woman shouted at him tell us dr. Franklin. What do we have? A monarchy or a republic and he looked at her and he said a republic if you can keep it That's that's the mission folks and that's why i'm optimistic because i not only think we can keep it I think we have Obligation to try to make sure that other people get the same shot we get Not a bad motivation. Mr. Secretary. Thanks for ending on such a No, just on behalf of all of us all of us I want to thank you for ending on such a powerful and positive note Thanks for a terrific book And thanks for everything that you've done and continue to do for thanks drill very much. Thank you all See a few of you. I hope


Even without 9-11, wouldn't the United States have had to learn the hard lessons that we thought we had learned in Vietnam, that there are limits to conventional military superiority, especially in the age of globalization and nationalism, and that you simply cannot accomplish what some of these interventions suggested in all settings at all times? And so you ought to be very careful about undertaking them. 9-11 was the climax of al-Qaeda's activities, not the beginning. But it was misinterpreted by most of the people in the political class as the beginning of the campaign. But it was the end of it, in fact. And they were very surprised by this event because it didn't fit with our various well views. And the kind of people who've been following this in more detail were less surprised. We all know who they were. So it was kind of a category error and they even inflated it into the same Bush was talking about it, bracketing it with the fight against fascism and communism, which didn't make any sense. We ran a piece that was very similar, sort of a list of here's 10 things that are more significant than September 11th that have happened in the last decade. And, you know, the rise of China, the rise of the rest and middle classes, the emergence of social networking and sort of technological wiring of globalization. We're on that list. And, you know, if you take the really long view, it's actually hard to argue that point.


Now, as gunshots echo across the windswept snow-covered reaches of the wild northwest, Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice, the breakfast cereal shot from guns, present the challenge of the Yukon. It's Yukon King, swiftest and strongest lead dog of the northwest, blazing the trail for Sergeant Preston of the Northwest Monad Police in his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers. Goal, goal discovered in the Yukon, a stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches, back to the days of the gold rush, with Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice, bringing you the adventures of Sergeant Preston and his wonder dog Yukon King as they meet the challenge of the Yukon. Try this first thing tomorrow morning, treat yourself to the breakfast cereal shot from guns. That's the one and only Quakerpuff wheat or Quakerpuff rice. Just pour out a bowl full, crisp and fresh, right from the big red and blue package. Add milk, top with your favorite fruit, and dive in. See if you ever tasted anything so swell as these giant king-size kernels of premium wheat or rice shot from guns. Yes, tomorrow morning, enjoy this breakfast treat, Quakerpuff rice or Quakerpuff wheat. At White Horse in the Yukon Territory, the short summer was drawing to a close. There was a Christmas in the air that old timers recognized as a forewarning of sudden freezing temperatures and heavy snows. But the main topic of conversation was of something far removed from the weather. Instead, men talked of a small ruthless gang which was said to have crossed the border at Skagway. This gang struck wherever they thought they'd find gold for which others had labored. They had struck at the initial group of prospectors to leave for the states that season. As they were packing their gold and supplies through White Pass towards Skagway. Sure is good to be going back to the states. I've been up here nine to three years. Yeah, folks will be surprised at the gold I'm bringing back. Gonna open me a little general store in fiscal and settle down. You can get going there. Made my strike right after the last thaw and then I sold out. I've seen enough of White Horse for the time being, I can tell you. Once I get on that boat out, hey, look up ahead.  Jumping juniper. It's a gang of bandits, that's what. Here's where we lose everything we got. Not me. I worked too hard for it. Alright, get the gold off those horses. The next time they struck was at a prospector's cabin on Lake La Barge near White Horse. What do you want? Who are you? I'd like to get inside and find his gold. Bring out what we can use and insert fire to the cabin. Now get going. But the climax came when they held up the White Horse Hotel. The night when many of the prospectors had come in from miles around to wait for the first river packet to sell Kirk. Most of them were sleeping and their gold and valuables were in the hotel safe. Don't anybody move, Mr. Holder. Kirk, gang of robbers, here goes all our gold. You click. Give me everything it's in the safe. Be quick about it. Yes, sir. I'll give it to you right away. Because of their lucidness, the gang had become known as the Phantom Gang. The name struck tear in the hearts of most of the hard-working prospectors. And in White Horse, the businessmen called a meeting to cope with the situation. Men, I called you to my trading post to discuss the Phantom Gang. We got a doosup in the bottom before they ruined us. Now to my way of thinking, there's only one man here in the Yukon that can stop the gang and put them where they belong. And that's Sergeant Preston along with his dog King. Now I sent a letter on the river packet to sell Kirk asking Sergeant Preston to come here. And without a doubt, he'll be coming along any day now. Meantime, keep a sharp eye out for any strangers about town so we can give Preston plenty of information to go on. Yes, sir. Him and that dog will find the gang. We'll do all we can to help Preston, Mike. Good. Now we'll wait till he gets here before we make any other plans. And that's all I got to say right now. Two days later, Sergeant Preston and King arrived in White Horse. Preston got all the details of the Phantom Gang's actions from Mike Quinn. I tell you, Sergeant, them crooks has got everybody on edge around here. Sure, and you never know when you'll be the next victim of that Phantom Gang. Anybody know how many there are in that gang, Mike? Well, now, some says there's almost a hundred. And others say eight or ten. Between you and me, I'd say there's maybe three or four, Sergeant. That's more like it. I'll make enquiries around town and find out all I can. Go to the hotel, Sergeant. That's where the gang made the last call-up. They were all on horses. I see. Well, they won't be able to use horses much longer about time for winter to hit. That's right. Give us one good blizzard, and them crooks will have to give up their horses and use dogs. Yes, and it should be easier to attract them then. I'll wait on down to the hotel, Mike. See you later. Come on, King. So long, Sergeant. Good bye, King. There, there, fella. Hello, no. Sergeant Preston rode the short distance to the café and rained up. Oh, there. Oh, easy. Come on, King. Maybe we can find out something in here. Glad to see you again. Hello, boys. Hi there, Sergeant. Hello, Fred. What can I do for you? I'm here trying to get some information. Sure. What do you want to know? Going on down to the hotel to ask about the robbery that took place there, but I thought I'd stop here at first and see if you could tell me anything about the Fathom Gang. Well, isn't much I can tell you, Sergeant. All I know is they seem to strike when the iron's hot, and they've got the whole town worried. You can bet on that. You can understand that. Now, look, Fred, if your eyes open for any strangers that might look suspicious, let me know. I've come here from Selkirk in response to a note I received from Mike Quinn having much to go on and hunting down that gang. Sure a slippery lot. They won't be easy to catch up with. I don't expect it to be easy, but I'm going to keep at it until I do run them down. Going on down to the hotel now, but I'll come back shortly and talk to some of your men. One of you might say something that would give me a clue to start on. Let's get going, King. Meantime, in an old cabin on the shore of Lake Labarge, a heavy sat man looked up as he heard hoofs stopping outside. Must be Fred. Where's Jim and Red? Cafe and White Horse, Liss. I thought I told those fools to stay out of town. Next thing you know, somebody will get away. Ah, let them alone. They can't take chances. Lots of strangers come through there this time of year. Packet boat from Selkirk brought in some new prospectors. Well, if those two get loose tongues and say something out of the way, I don't know. They know better than that. Stop worrying. What brought you back so soon? Well, I got the thinking, Liss. Those new prospectors that come in on the packet have been spending a lot of money at the trading post for supplies and stuff. Well... It'd be a good time to hit there, I was thinking. Maybe you're right, Bert. What do you know about the layout at the trading post? Well, I've been in there several times lately. Between six and seven, there aren't many customers there. We could easily pull a robbery then. Yeah, maybe we could. Maybe tomorrow night would be a good time. Packet boat goes back up the river the following morning. Last trip of the season. Good.  That's right. Hey, sounds like Red and Jim coming now. Yeah, wonder what brought them back in. Well... I didn't expect you back in the evening. We found out something come to tell you, Liss. Yeah, what is it? Yeah, what's the big news, Red? There's a money in town. There's a big dog with him. It's a Sergeant Preston with her. Sergeant Preston, a white horse you say? That's right. He came in on the packet from Selkirk. He was in the cafe while they were asking questions. That's not so good. We've run into Monies before, Liss. What are you worrying about? I guess you haven't heard too much about that particular Monty. But I have. Preston and that dog of his had dynamized. That's what I heard. The bar keeps up Preston's here to hunt down the Phantom Gang. And that's us, don't forget. He hasn't got any line on us. We always covered part of our faces and nobody can identify us. Yeah, that's right. He's very ordinary looking, like several others in town. Yeah, what you say is true, but... You're going to let him be in there, scare us out of pulling that trading post job? We'd get plenty there. A trading post? You're thinking of robbing that? Why not? It'd be easy. Like I was telling Liss, that trading post is doing a landslide business since a packet come in. Yeah, it is. Liss, I say let's do as we plan. And we can pull stakes and take the packet to Selkirk. We'll hold up for the winner. It's all right with me. We'll be taking an awful chance on. Not with the idea I have in mind to get that Marnie and Dog out of the way. Just make your plans to rob the trading post. You leave the Marnie to me. The following day, the Crooks made their plan. All right, Bert. What's your plan to get the Marnie and Dog away from town? Yeah, and it better be good. We can't take any chances. I'll listen and I'll tell you. Go ahead, we're listening. We'll clear out right now. Taking the stuff we want to carry along with us. That what? We'll set fire to the cabin. Then we'll light out for town. Splitting up and riding in one at a time. But what about the Marnie? Get into that, Red. I'll go find the Marnie, acting all upset. Tell him the Phantom Gang has raided my cabin out here. Him and the Dog will come out to investigate. Hey, get it. While they're wasting their time out here, we rob the trading post. Yeah, that's it, Liss. After we rob the trading post, we'll separate. Then we'll go to the boat one at a time. Making sure we're all on it by sailing time in the morning. Yeah, then Marnie and Dog are good at tracking. Oh, suppose they find us. The tenders drop to zero outside. The ground's frozen hard. It'll be tough tracking anyone on it. What's right about that? All right. Let's get packed up and then we'll fire the cabin. Come on, let's get going. Later that afternoon, Burt rode hurriedly up to the cafe in the small town. Oh, there. Hey, has anyone seen that, Bonnie? Sergeant Preston. There I am. What's happening?  What's the matter? The Phantom Gang. I'm a prospector. They raided my cabin. Took all my head and burned it down. You're lucky to be alive, Mr. Ross. Oh, they got away from him. I saw him coming. Went out and hid back in the cabin until he left. Then I came here to find you. Steady, fella. Get this man a bit of brandy, somebody. Now listen, fella, where was your cabin located? South. South End of Lake La Barge. I'll go right out there. Come on, gang. We'll continue our story in just a moment. Know who I am. I am a magician. Yes, on this empty table before me, by merely waving my magic wand, I shall produce a tiger. Presto. Magic. Look. And now I shall instantly change this most ferocious animal of the cat family into the tamest. Presto. Magic. Look. And now for the greatest feat of all. On the table are two bowls. Cereal bowls. You see, they're empty. In my right hand I have two packages. Big, red and blue packages. Now in a twinkling, you shall see the most delicious breakfast treat on earth. A bold brimful of Quakerpuff wheat. Or Quakerpuff rice. But ready to serve breakfast cereals, shot from guns. Yes, fellas and girls, there's no beating this eaten. For breakfast, enjoy Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice topped with milk in your favorite fruit. These giant king-sized kernels of premium wheat or rice are shot from guns to make them bigger and better tasting. To make them crisp and tender as nuts in November. Best of all, you don't have to be a magician to enjoy wheat or rice shot from guns morning after morning. Simply ask mom right now to order these famous big, red and blue Quaker packages. Look for the smiling Quaker man on the front. You're guaranteed that you're getting the original, the one and only Quakerpuff rice and Quakerpuff wheat. Now to continue our story. Believing what had been told to him by the crook Burt, Sergeant Preston and King hurriedly left the cafe. The Mounties stopped a moment and looked at Burt's slathered horse. Must be the horse that passed like the road into town, King. Well, I'm out of. I'll get out there to investigate. Silly fella. Let's go, King. One fella. By the time Sergeant Preston and King arrived at the small ring cabin, the sky was heavily overcast with a threat of snow. It had taken the best part of an hour to get there and as Preston dismounted, King stood panting from the long run.   We'll have a look around. Did a good job at burning down the cabin all right. There's practically nothing left of it. The prospector was lucky to get away. The last raid they made out here, the Fatum Gang, not only burned down the cabin, they killed the owner. I said he hid behind the cabin. No odd buildings back there. Close it, fella. Oh, I guess you've caught a sentry ruckum nose. Probably that prospector's horse that you were near him in town. Well, fella, I guess we'll... Wait a minute. His horse. The gang would have seen it if it had been near the cabin. They certainly wouldn't have left the horse. In fact, they'd have known the man was close by and would have hunted him down. Come on, fella, hurry. What I think is true, King, we've been badly fooled. Steady, fella. Come on, King. Get there. Come on now. Back in Whitehorse, it was summer time and the usual hangers on at the trading post had left to eat. Mike Quinn was alone behind the counter. Sure, in this last good day I'll be havin' the seas, no doubt, till the packet boat starts runnin' again. Well, it might as well fix myself a bait deed. As Mike started toward the back room, the front door opened and four men arrived on board. Mike's heart sank as he saw the handkerchief covered faces and the drawn guns. Great sense. There's a fan of gang itself. Reach musty. Don't make a move. Sure, and I'm reaching almost to the ceiling as you can readily see. Keepin' covered, Les. I'll get to the sea. Come on, boys. It is my misfortune that we've locked the safe with all the gold I've took in this day.  Hurry up, Bert. Somebody might come in. I'm watchin' the door. If they do, it's their bad luck. Yeah, we've got it all. Now let's get out of here. Showin' if Sergeant Preston and King was to come along, you'd not be leavin'. Don't worry. They aren't even in town. They're out hunting the phantom gang, I mean. You ready, Bert? Yeah, let's get goin'. You won't get far. I can tell you that. You won't give the alarm, mister. This settles you. Hey, come on. Let's beat it quick. Hurry up, boys. Come on. Now we'll separate. I'll meet you all on the boat. I'll get goin'.   Within the hour, Sergeant Preston and King arrived in town and stopped at the cafe. Hold on. Let me pull up. On, King. Here, Sergeant Preston. Now, we've been lookin' for you, Sergeant. What's happened? Plenty. The phantom gang robbed the trading post and shot Mike Quinn. What? How is Mike? He got a slug in the shoulder. He'll be all right. I'll go right over there and come along, King. A short time later, Preston had heard the story from Mike. Yeah, they was brazen as I'll get out, Sergeant. That they were. Sorry I was away from town when it happened, Mike. I told them if you and King were about, they wouldn't get away with it. But one of them spoke up and said you was away from town chasing the phantom gang. Then all of them laughed. One of them said that, eh? That's right. He did. It was a big man, Sergeant. I see. King and I are going to take a look outside, Mike. Come on, fella. Oh, King, what do you think is right? It's up to you. Look around, boy. See what you can find out here. No wonder they laughed, getting me to fall for a trick like that. What is it, King? Find something? Must be that horse's set again, eh? All right, boy. Find him. After him, King. For some time, Preston followed King as the great dog ran before him, sniffing the ground and barking intermittently. Preston was puzzled by the root the gang had seemed to have taken. The trail of Bert's horse led the mountain dog in a great circle around the town. Soon snow began to fall, and then Preston noticed the imprint of the hoofs of only one horse. He drew rain for a moment. Oh, there. I don't quite get this. Wait a minute, King. We don't want to go on another wild goose chase. Well, if I got one of the gang, I'll be able to get a lead on the others. Go on, King. Meantime, Bert, the outlaw, had ridden in a great circle far from town. When the snow began to fall, he rained up for a moment and looked back. Then he sat listening. If that Monty should by any chance be following one of our trails, this snow will show up the tracks. I guess I better go on. He don't seem to be coming after me anyway.  On and on through the cold Yukon night, Bert determined to make sure Sergeant Preston didn't find out where they were going to meet. The wind-driven snow blew into his face and clung to his clothing, causing him to ride slower than he had been going. Once again, Bert drew rain to rest his horse and to listen. Oh, there. I guess I'll soon reach where I'm heading safe and hip. Hey. The wind was blowing now from behind since Bert had turned back in the direction of town. And as he sat listening, the expression changed on his face as they heard the distant barking of a dog. A dog? Maybe it's Preston's dog trailing me. Must be. I'll ride up the head of that ridge and wait. If it is, I'll gun the Monty down and light out before the dog can get to me. All right, get up. Get up there. Sergeant Preston rode along behind King who sniffing and barking still followed the trail of the crook again. Suddenly, as he approached an icy ridge that loomed up a short distance ahead, a shot rang out. Oh, hold on. King, come here. One of them stood up behind that ridge, fella. He's got us in the open, but because of the snow, he can't see us too well. Still close for comfort. We'll go after him, King. On there. Cut up. Riding forward at a fast pace, Sergeant Preston and King hoped to get to a point where they could see the man they were hunting. Suddenly, striking an icy stretch of ground, Preston's horse slipped and fell. A hard fall on the exposed ice stunned Preston for a few moments. When he regained his senses, King was licking his face and whining. That was quite a fall, fella. I see my horse is up. Seems to be all right. At this time, I guess that crook's going on. Steady, fella. All right, King, we'll try to turn him once more. After him, boy. Get up, fella. It was dawn, and the cold, gray brightness of the Yukon night gave way to dull, leaden skies and light-falling snow, as Sergeant Preston and King approached the end of the trail they were following. I might have known trail leads right back to the waterfront and Whitehead. Quiet, King. Quiet, fella. The last boat of the season for Solkirk. Come on there. Get up now. Realizing the whistle he had heard was the warning whistle from the boat, meaning it would be leaving in a few minutes, Preston urged his horse into a fast gate and soon reached the gangplank. Hold on, hold on. King, hurry. King and Preston hurried up the gangplank and once aboard went to the captain in the wheelhouse. Captain. I have reason to believe the phantom gangs aboard your boat. Phantom gang? Did you have any passengers come aboard during the night? Seems like there are about four that came aboard at different times. They're bunking together in one big cabin. Oh, show me that cabin, will you? Sure. But if they are the phantom gang, you might run into trouble. They're in cabin five right down the deck in the port side. Thanks. I'll find it. Come on, King. In the largest cabin on the boat, Bert with less than red were sitting on one of the bombs and counting the door and taking more trading posts. When a signal knocked in the door. Hey, that's Jim. Let him in, somebody. Yeah, I will. Good morning. Hey, Les. You just come aboard. I'll show him. Who just come aboard? What are you talking about, Jim? What? How did he find out? What are we going to do? Take it easy. He doesn't have anything on us. He'd recognize me, though. So what if he does?  Get that money out of sight quick. Yeah. Hey, what if the money comes here to this cabin? Just sit tight and let me and Bert talk to him. Yeah, there must be him. Sit down on your bunk and keep quiet. Open the door, Bert. Right. Sergeant Preston and his dog. Hello, Sergeant. That's the man I want to see. Come on in. Well, traveling with friends, eh? That's right. I decided after being burned out at Selkirk while I had the chance. I thought they took all you had. Oh, sure. Sure they did. I borrowed the money. I see. But how do you account for the fact that King and I trailed you from the trading post after it was held up? Well, I was in there just before the robbery. Seems to me you took quite a long route to reach the boat.  Well, I was afraid the Phantom Game looked like if, as you told me, you hid out while they robbed and burned your cabin. I wasn't taking any chances. You rode your horse from your cabin to the cafe to tell me the news. Why didn't the gang see your horse outside your cabin? Well, I... I wondered about that myself, Sergeant. You're not leaving town, Mr. and neither are your friends till I find out a few things. They put up the gun. You don't have anything on this, Mubby. Hey, the dog! Get away from there, you mutt! What's that, King? Huh? Edgible money bag I'll get him underneath that mattress. Get away from there. The money bag's from the trading post. King watched as his master turned back the mattress and looked at the loot hidden underneath. The big dog at the same time saw less. Reach for his gun, and the great dog sprang! The dog!  He jumped in by the wrist! Reach for him! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! You won't get me! Get him! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Don't move! Get over there and be quiet. I heard something going on in here. Yes, Captain, you did. King and I are having a bit of trouble with the Phantom Gang. The Phantom Gang? Great day. He tangled them along, too. Are they really the Phantom Gang, Sergeant? Yes. Those money bags from the trading post there are proof enough. You'll be sailing without these four passengers, Captain. Good. I don't like to have crooks and killers about the Yukon Bell. We're way anchor as soon as you take them ashore, Sergeant. I'll get them ashore right now, Captain. She'll give me a couple of men to help me take them to jail and buy Quinn's money bags back to the trading post. Sure. A couple of the boathands will be glad to help. I want to cast off. There's a real blizzard blowing up out there. Yes, I know. You'll make it to Selkirk for the ice sets in. Oh, you can carry the news that the so-called Phantom Gang's been caught. It was a brave thing you did. Coming into this cabin alone, feeling sure you were going to face the Phantom Gang. I wasn't alone, Captain. You weren't. Who else came with you? King. There was that mutt that kept us from giving you a bullet. King resents being called a mutt. Now, look, get him away from me, will you? I don't like the way he looks. Easy, King. Back, boy. King knows a crook when he sees one, I take it. He sure does. This time, he rounded up four of them. So thanks to King, the case of the Phantom Gang is closed. Hey, fella? In just a moment, Sergeant Preston will give you a preview of Monday's program. Here's how mother can make your family a breakfast happy family. Just have her treat you to delicious, ready-to-serve Quakerpuff wheat or Quakerpuff rice topped with milk and fruit. With little fuss or bother, and in practically no time at all, here's a tasty, inexpensive deluxe family breakfast. I'll bet mom goes for this, too. For added health benefits, natural grain amounts of vitamin B1, niacin, and iron are restored in Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice. What's more, they're never sold in bags or bulk. To get the original, crisp, fresh wheat or rice shot from guns, always look for the big red and blue Quaker packages. Ask your grocer for Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice tomorrow. These radio dramas, a feature of the challenge of the Yukon Incorporated, are created and produced by George W. Trendall, directed by Fred Flower Day, and supervised by Charles D. Livingston. The part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton. They are brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at the same time by Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice, the breakfast cereal shot from guns. Listen Monday when Sergeant Preston and Yukon King meet the challenge of the Yukon in the adventure of the Call of Duty. This thrilling adventure started out with a gunfight in the Dawson Cafe and ended in a lonely cabin on the Yukon Trail. It was there that a girl and a boy played a desperate game of wits with two killers. And it was there that King and I arrived to find the scene set for murder. The events of that night led to an exciting climax. Be sure to hear this exciting story Monday. Till then, this is J. Michael wishing you goodbye, good luck, and good health from Quakerpuff wheat and Quakerpuff rice. So long. For a delicious hot breakfast, eat Quaker oats. The giant of the cereals is Quaker oats. Yes, the giant of the cereals is Quaker oats. Delicious, nutritious, makes you feel ambitious. The giant of the cereals is Quaker oats. Say, boys and girls, you want to be a star someday in sports and activities? Then start on good Quaker oats breakfast tomorrow. Because nourishing oatmeal gives you more growth and endurance than any other whole grain cereal. Still less than one penny is serving. Quaker and Mother's Oats are the same. This is ABC, the American Broadcasting Company.