This is Stink Tech, Hawaii. Community Matters here. Hi everybody, the day before Thanksgiving Day, and my name is Mitch Ewan. I'm the host of Hawaii, the State of Clean Energy. In my day job, I'm the hydrogen systems guy at the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. So one of the things I'm trying to do in this series is to show off really interesting research development demonstration that we're doing at HNEI, the University of Hawaii. Try and show the general public who actually ultimately helped pay for all of this that they're getting some good value for the money. We're doing good things for Hawaii that will help us achieve our clean energy goals and so I kind of feature our researchers that are doing some really neat stuff. And today I'm really pleased to have Nicholas Diard from France, commonly known as Niko around HNEI. And Niko's been with us for quite a long time and he's doing work in photovoltaics, PV. I mean a lot of you people out in the audience probably have PV arrays on your roof and supplementing or offsetting or maybe even covering all of your energy requirements. So I've invited Niko and he kindly agreed to appear to talk about some of his interesting projects. And first of all I want to ask him a few questions about his background. So first of all Niko, welcome on board. Thanks for having me, Mish. Thanks for coming. Of course. It's really a challenge sometimes to find people that are willing to come on this show because they're so busy you know and it's like takes time. So first of all give us a little bit of information about your background, where you're from and what's your expertise and what did you do before you came to Hawaii? So I'm originally from France. I grew up in a city called Grenoble, Grenoble. It's at the bottom of the Alps in France. So it's the city that hosted the UNP Games in 68. The home of Jean-Claude Killet. That's exactly right. So it's a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and it's a great place to grow up. And so I did all my studies in this city. My first sets of studies were to become a technician. Actually it was a very short cycle only two years and then I had the chance to enter the National Graduate School of Physics. Oh really? And for three years and I studied microelectronics and nanotechnologies to become an engineer in physics. So nanotechnologies that longer ago was it? I mean was that still coming up? Oh yeah, it's still really relevant to what we do, whether it's catalysis or whether it's solar cells, nanotechnologies, it's present everywhere these days. And then I moved to Japan to do my master working for Nippon telegraph and telecom. So I was doing again nanotechnologies and nanodevices. I came back to France to do my PhD in a private firm that actually makes microchips for computers and phones. So dealing with fabs, these gigantic fabs where you process wafers and make transistors. And then I decided that I wanted to move away from France for a short while. We turned out to be 11 years now. First as a postdoctoral fellow and then eventually... So what does a postdoctoral fellow mean for those of us who are not at the time in academics? So a postdoctoral fellow is someone who just finishes PhD and wants to gain experience in different labs. So usually when you do a postdoctoral fellowship, you do multiple fellowships to gain experience and maybe return in your home country to become a professor. And I just decided to do one and decided that Hawaii was my base. So why did you decide at Hawaii? What was the attraction? Apart from the great waves? Because I love surfing. That's pretty much the reason why I'm here. Yeah, that's what brought me here in the first place. And as it turns out, University of Hawaii and HNI was dealing with the same type of technologies as what I was doing for the microelectronic industry. That's pretty much the same processes. And so I just called and asked for a job. So I think our boss, like Rick Roshlow, is now the director of HNI. Did he set up the original lab? So he set up the original lab. But when I joined HNI Eric Muir was actually leading the group and then he left for DC and I took over the lab ten years ago now. Just for the audience, I mean, didn't we have like pretty well world, some world class technology that we developed here? We did. We did. We have patents. So back in the late 90s, 1998 HNI filed for a patent for a device that can produce solar fuels out of sunlight and water. So hang on yeah. What's a solar fuel? So a solar fuel is essentially a fuel that's been created by a material that can absorb light and drive a chemical reaction. So essentially what you do with the solar fuel is that you store light energy by breaking and making chemical bonds. Okay. And you store these solar fuels, one of them could be hydrogen for example. Once you make hydrogen you can store the hydrogen, transport it, and eventually re-use it into a fuel cell to get the electricity back. So it's a mean of storing energy. Okay. So it's that fuel or substance that's been created out of a solar renewable energy source or solar source. That is correct. Hey, great stuff. So I understand you've brought some slides along. I do. You can even see some samples of some of the work that you have here, right on the table. And so people aren't here to hear me talk but to listen to you and I understand your slides so I think they're very good for a layman type audience. So why don't we mount up some of Nico's slides and we can just talk to them and tell us what we're seeing. Sure. So in my group at HNEI we work on a lot of different type of structures that we call either thin films or nanostructures. We have multiple projects but just for today I've decided to focus on two very different technologies that are quite important for renewable energy production and storage. The first one is what we call printable photovoltaics and it's a method that we developed to lower the manufacturing costs and find a high throughput method to make photovoltaics. I'm going to talk about that. And the other method, so this program is supported by the Office of Naval Research. And the second topic is the solar fuels. So how can you make a solar material absorbing light and breaking and forming chemical bonds to again store solar energies into chemical bonds. So that will be the two topics that we're going to cover. So let's have the next slide. Sure. So just to give you an idea of the global energy sector and the demand versus the resources. If you look at the world consume about 20 terawatt of power every year. So 20 terawatt is 20 with 12 zeros right after. So it's a huge amount of energy. And if you look at the countries that actually consume the most, the first one will be China with 5.3 terawatt and right in second place we have the U.S. with 4 terawatts. So it's quite a large number of power. And China has a population measuring in the billions. Yeah, so if you rate that to the number of habitants, it's quite a lot for the U.S. It's a lot. And so that just combine everything, oil, electricity, it's a global number. So now if you just look at the renewable resources that we have worldwide, you'll find that every year you get about 4 terawatts of wind blowing at the surface of the earth. So if you were to convert that wind with wind turbine you would get about 4 terawatts. From biomass you would get about 5 terawatts from geothermal one and from solar 120,000 terawatts. Wow. So that's a huge resource. That's a huge resource. And the game is how can you harvest that energy produce it, use it and store it. That's really what we're trying to do here. So these numbers are pretty big but to give you some sort of a better idea, you could think for example that every hour the sun outputs on earth enough energy to power the world for a year. Wow. So by the end of this show there's going to be probably enough solar power that reaches the earth that could be used to power the world for a year. Wow. It's huge. Yeah. And if you just want to compare that to the U.S. and that 4 terawatts of what we need, that we need, the area required to capture 4 terawatts of electricity per year is a square of 150 miles by 150 miles. Is that all? Yeah. So it's about 0.5% of the U.S. territory. Wow. So if you can show the slide number two again, you'll see that that represent about half of the desert in Nevada. At the bottom. Yeah. So it's not a whole lot. Oh, I see. Yeah. It's not a whole lot. That's amazing. So obviously this is centralized. In reality you need to dispatch this electricity so you would have homeowners having PD or you could have centralized power plants. But just to give you a sense of scale, that's just how much you need to power the U.S. And that would be transportation, everything we use. Wow. Yeah. Everything we use. And it's clean energy. And it's clean energy. Very good. So let's look at the next slide. Yeah. So the next slides show you the different technologies that are available these days. So if you look at the PV market share, about 90% of the market is led by crystalline silicon, which is the standard PV material that we are all familiar with. If you look at let's call that 100% of the PV modules installed in Hawaii by homeowners, these would be the crystalline silicon. So I got some symbols here which show you a silicon cell. So that's a device that's about let's call that 3 inch by 3 inch. And so that's one unique cell. And in a module, usually you have all these cell cells in series with interconnection between them to capture the electricity produced by every single one of these cells. So it's fairly fragile on its own I guess. It is very fragile. Yeah, I show you another one and that's going to bring me to the next topic. But yeah, the main drawback with the silicon technology is that it's a great electronic materials, but it's not such a great solar absorber. And to be able to capture pretty much all the photons in the solar spectrum, you need a fairly thick silicon wafer, about a millimeter thick. So these are very rigid, quite heavy.  And so for local production and stationary production, this is just fine. But as you can see, you cannot bend these things, otherwise they would just break and shatter your fingers. So that's the reason why there is another type of technology and that's a technology I'm working on with my group in the lab, which is called Thin Films, if you want to go back to the slide. And so the Thin Films, the market share is about 10%. So you do have company who tries to make Thin Films for large scale PV plants. First solar is one in the US. They make what we call Canyon Terroride Thin Film Modules. But really the main advantage of the Thin Films is that because they are such great solar absorbers, you don't need a millimeter thick solar absorber to capture light. Only a micron, which is about a hundredth the size of human hair. Okay, so I'm looking at this picture in the bottom left-hand corner. You see some soldiers, I guess they're erecting a tent that's covered with this Thin Film. Exactly. And they're actually standing on the Thin Film stuff and you can see it's all wrinkled and fully flexible. So it's very flexible. It's actually as flexible as a substrate. Really? So what you have here is a Thin Film solar cell on a metal foil and all the rigidity of the solar cell comes from the foil itself. I see. The foil is required as a substrate, but you don't need the foil to make the solar cell work. So you could imagine that you could deposit that on cloth, if you can, on plastics if the temperature allows it. And you can make all sorts of different solar devices. So you see, for example, here, as you mentioned, solar cells on cloth. All what I call the wearable PV. So when you see solar panels on backpacks, usually these are Thin Films as well. They're simply stitched onto the backpack. And all the way on the right-hand side of these slides, you have what we call Building Integrative PV. So you could have these flexible solar cells either glued on top of the roof so you pretty much peel the backing plate and stick it onto the building. Or you can make semi-transparent solar cells. What you can see here is that the light is actually going through the solar cell and the shadow that you see is the light that's being transmitted.  Yeah, I was going to ask, why do we have all the multi-different colors there? Is that just the breakdown of the spectrum? That is exactly right. So we're going to talk about that in a few slides. When you want to make a highly efficient solar cell, you don't want just a single solar absorber that will capture light only in the fraction of the solar spectrum. You want to stack the solar cell. You want to make what I call an optical funnel with a solar cell that can capture blue photons, a solar cell that can capture red photons, and a solar cell that can capture infrared photons. And that's a better way to capture light and to boost the efficiency of the solar cells. So tuning the color of the solar absorber is really what we do on a daily basis in being able to control the color and their conversion efficiency. So you'll see some picture. So like on the next slide? Yeah, so what's next is, yeah, so how do we make these solar cells? So the standard crystalline silicon cells actually come from an ingot of silicon. Which is like sand. So you start with sand, you melt the silicon, you melt the quartz of the sand and there's some chemical reactions with, I believe, graphite to extract the oxygen from the silicon oxide, which is then to end up with the pure silicon element. And then what you do out of that is on top of that molten pool of silicon, you put a very small seed of silicon in contact with the liquid, and as you pull the seed very slowly away from the liquid, the liquid that's stuck on the seed will crystallize, and as you go you're going to form that large ingot. So just by pulling, if you want to show this slide again, that very big tsunami of silicon was actually hanging from the left hand side, you have a little tip and was pulled very slowly from the silicon melt. Making an ingot like that takes about 3-4 weeks. So it uses a lot of energy too. It does. It took about thousands of degrees. You're melting glass. Exactly. 24-7 for 4 weeks. Right. Exactly. So once you get that ingot, you can slice the ingot into wafers. So I got one here which was part of that ingot and was cut with a special saw, and then it's polished to the atomic level. There's not a single atom that pokes through that layer. I'm not kidding, really. It's atomically flat. Yeah. And then you cut that wafer furthermore into squares because you want to be able to pack as many cell cells as you can. So a circular shape is not ideal. And then you build a couple more layers on top and you get your crystalline silicon cell. But again, very rigid, quite heavy. And you need that much silicon. Oh yeah. You need that much silicon to absorb photons. Yeah. So great electronic material. Not so great for photovoltaics, except if you make... So kind of what's the lifespan of some of these materials? I mean, you see warranties for like five years. Is that it? That's about it. Yeah. Yeah. So I think they would warranty a decline in power for about a person per year for 20 to 25 years after that. I can't really tell you whether or not it's going to drop at 5 or 10 percent or if it's going to continue at that degradation rate. But you see some very old panels out there. For the early solar water heating system, you would see these round silicon wafers as the main sort of panel to drive the pump. And they've been around... I mean, these were probably made in the late 70s or 80s. So can you recycle it? I mean, can you like melt it down again and redo it? Absolutely. So you kind of save something. You can process. Yeah. So we have a lot of PV panels here on Rooftop in Hawaii. They're going to start coming up through... I guess they got a few years ago before they hit their 20, 25 year life. At some point, these are all going to have to be replaced. And they're going to have to be recycled. So the question is, do you want to replace them with the same technology? Like the 40 of PV, which was the silicon maybe 50 years ago, which is what we use? Or do you want to move to new technologies in films or quantum does based on our cells? I mean, there is a lot of very interesting technologies that come out there. And silicon has been the king, again, because all the processes that we use to make silicon cells were actually developed for and by the microelectronic industry. So all the infrastructure and the know-how was there. But as we progress, if you just look at the efficiency of silicon over the past five years, it's been pretty much the same. So it's kind of like incremental progress that we make, whereas you have all the technologies are just booming and we get gaining efficiency of several percent over a few years. Which means a lot. A few percent means a lot. So we're coming up to our time for a break. So we'll take a break now and then we'll come back and talk to Nico Samour. And he's got some more magic to show us. So thanks very much. Thank you. Talk to you after the break. Thank you. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. Hello, everyone. This is the Japanese broadcast of Think Tech Hawaii, the Japanese broadcast of the Japanese broadcast of Hello, Hawaii. It's a program that's broadcast from 2 a.m. on every Monday. It's a program that's available in the Japanese community, in the Japanese community, to provide useful help information, news, and so on. Hello, everyone. Please watch it from 2 a.m. on every Monday. Please watch it from 2 a.m. on every Monday. Yeah, otherwise. Okay, here we are back from our break and here we are with Nico. He's got some more magic standing by. So let's see some of this magic on his... We're going to go back to the slide we were on just before the break. Okay. So the second type of technology that's available out there for double takes in complement with the crystalline silicone is what we call the thin films. And so these thin films, again, are about a hundredth of the thickness of human hair. So it's extremely thin. They don't need to be that thick to be good absorber. And the method that we use in my lab and also in other labs to make thin films is to use what we call a vacuum chamber. So what you see on the bottom left is the actual vacuum chamber that we use in my lab. At the very bottom you have crucibles that you can heat up and you put metals in these crucibles. And on the top part you have the substrate. And by sublimating, heating up these metals with the crucibles you form a vapor of element that eventually condenses on the substrate. Okay. And so you can control the thickness of the film, the temperature and grow thin films to our cell this way. So the common denominator between the crystalline silicone technology and the thin film technology is that they both rely on complex processes to make highly pure and highly crystalline absorber. This is really the key. And usually that requires either extreme vacuums or very high temperatures, long processes, complex techniques. And so what we want to do in my lab is to think of a different method, try to make our cells in a cheaper way, easier way and even faster way. And so that's what I'm showing on the next slide. So what we want to do is it falls into the realm of printable electronics. And we want to find a method to actually print the solar cells, like you would print newspapers the same way. But instead of using the vacuum chamber you would just roll the substrate and print with an in-jank printer your solar cell. And that's the technology that we developed at UH in my lab. So you start with an ink that contains a solvent and the raw element that you want, the chemicals. And we essentially spin coat or print this onto a substrate to build up a layer. And just by doing a very quick, about 15 minute annealing in a specific atmosphere. So annealing is like putting it in a heat chamber. Exactly. Fixing it, drying it out. Exactly. We that way form a crystal. Okay. Which is in some cases as good, even sometimes better in terms of crystal size as the material we would get in a vacuum chamber. So we're getting very close to the quality of film that you would get in a vacuum chamber. Is this a special kind of printer? Did you have to design that or can you just use like normal inkjet? So some folks in research lab that actually modify in-jank printers you have to tune the printhead because the ink tends to dry up and it's very difficult to remove the clog. But it's pretty much the same technology. It's pretty much the same. Yeah. And so what you see on the bottom left is the ink that we form. So it's very clear and very stable. We can store that ink for up to a year. And the gray image on the bottom center is actually a cross-section of the cell. And you take that picture using an electron microscope. Exactly. Which we have at UH. We have at UH, exactly. We can do part of the analysis here at UH. And so what you see on the cross-section is that the bottom you have what we call the back contact. The top electrical contact. And in sandwich in between you have the thin films or absorber. Which is again only a micron thick. Right. And so right now the efficiency that we get out of this printhead for our cells is around 7 to 9%. Okay. To give you a point of comparison a very good crystalline cell would give you maybe up to 25%. Okay. A thin films made in vacuum maybe up to 20 to 23%. So right now we're about to a third of the efficiency. But at the fraction of the cost. Okay. So it's always a trade-off. Do you want raw power? Or do you want cheap? I think you would both. We're not there yet. Okay. But that's one avenue to really reduce costs. And print for example your cell on clothings or backpacks or tarps. Interesting. Yeah. Very good. So we have a lot of wasted real estate that could be printed all over. That's right. As long as you can face the sun. Yeah. That's right. Don't build that big apartment building in front of me and shade me out. That's right. Okay. So let's have a look at your next slide. Yeah. So that was for the printable electronics and the PV. Now we're going to move on in the solar fuels. Okay. So if you can show the next slides. As I mentioned earlier there is abundant amount of solar energy. But as we know this is an intermittent source of energy. And unfortunately the demand which is mostly at night is out of phase with the production which is mostly during the day. So if you look at how much PV we have right now worldwide is about 1% or less because of that shift between the demand and the production. So being able to combine storage and PV is really the key to push solar energies into the mix. And there is different way to store energies. The approach that we have in my group is to store solar energies into chemical bonds. So these are the solar fuels. So this is an engineering problem where what you have is a black box which is the process that I'm going to define later. And as an input you have water which we have everywhere. Mostly everywhere. And sunlight. And what you want outside of this black box are products. In our case we are interested in hydrogen H2. But you could form other types of fuels. CH4 or other fuels even by diesel and so forth. That's natural gas, CH4. That's right. And so what you can do with this hydrogen is later on plug that into your hybrid car. Okay. I'm sorry on the fuel cell car which runs on hydrogen drive around. Incidentally we now are able to lease hydrogen cars here in Hawaii from Toyota, Servco. We have just opened their station and just opened up for leasing. That is great. That's wonderful. It has arrived. Finally. That's great. The picture that you see here is actually one of my co-worker that works at Livermore in California and that's his own car. So he gets I think his best is 500 miles. No kidding. 500 and 2 miles out of one charge. On average it's around 350 but he was able to push it to 500 miles. So it must be just coast down. The game was ready to get a record here. That's great. If you can show the slide one more time please. So it's been always the chicken and the egg tuition for hydrogen. You need the infrastructure to get the car on the market. But to get the car you need to have the station there. So it's always been the situation like that. However, there is an industry that is in need for hydrogen is the food industry. Absolutely. And hydrogen is the main precursor in ammonia production which is eventually used into fertilizer. And only in the US we produce about 50 million tons of hydrogen just for the food industry. Let me make a comment here. I know a little bit about ammonia. If it wasn't for ammonia we would all be starving to death. We cannot support the world population that we have because it improves the productivity of the land by a factor of 4. You can grow 4 times as much food on a given acre of land than if you did not have ammonia as a fertilizer. Pretty interesting. Very important. We're not ready to wrap up yet. Where did the time go? I don't know. We can keep going. So on the next slide you'll see the different methods that we have these days to make hydrogen. Either these are fossil fuel based that would be steam method reforming or if you were to plug an electrolyzer straight to the grid you can form hydrogen but that's not the most renewable way to do it. What we want to do is to use renewable forms ideally from solar. So one way to do that would be to connect the electrolyzer to PV's. This is doable but that's probably not the most straightforward way to do it. The way we like to do is to have a device that can directly split water in contact with an electrolyte when the sunlight shines on that material. And if you go to the next slide that explains a little bit the process. So the idea is to somehow mimic the natural photosynthesis and try to make devices that can capture the light and create our fuels. This has to be our last story because we're running out of time and it's been like yeah I was just going to say you need to come back because this is really interesting.  So Niko once again thank you so much for taking time out of your busy day and making the track downtown and coming on our show so appreciate it. Best of luck in your program. You're doing great cool stuff. I love the printing idea. So that's it for today and we will be back next week. I don't know if I can grab Niko next week maybe before everybody forgets what happened on this show but for now we're going to sign off and once again happy Thanksgiving to everybody tomorrow.


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. Continuing our predictions and talking about the upcoming promotion of Footies, we have one day to go until Footies is here. I'm pretty excited for it. Hope you guys are too. And I wanna look at a couple things today on the market regarding some price movements. We're gonna look at some different cards today, look at some possible cards that could win Footies. And basically we're gonna be talking about the phenomenon. I don't even know if this is technically a phenomenon, but it's a thing that a really, really easy way to trade and a great way to trade in FIFA Ultimate Team. And that's basically called substitute trading or substitute investing. And I wanna kinda talk you guys through some of that stuff today. Obviously, if you're new to FIFA and new to trading, this is a perfect thing to learn. And it's also to keep, you know, freshen up on your trading skills even in this time of the year where a lot of us have our teams that we've invested for and that we've traded for all year where we have those teams in our clubs. We're playing with those players and having fun as much fun as we can with this gameplay. But I wanna look at some substitute trading because Footies this week is gonna bring some insane cards on the market as we've seen in the past years. And that's gonna cause some market movements. So first example I wanna look at and we can just jump right into this by me showing you an example and talking through this. This Bakioko card last year, FIFA 18 Bakioko was, you know, one of the centerpiece cards. So many people loved using this 82 rated card of his. His 82 rated gold card. People use that far into the year because he was just so very meta. The build of the game suited his card so very well. So obviously his card that people would use was this one right here that Chelsea at the end of the year at least they used the Chelsea French card. Now this Footies card was insane. I mean I had this in my end game team last year and you can think there's gonna be cards this year that are gonna have this exact same thing happen to them. Now before we go and look at some examples what kind of cards do you think would be affected by a brand new very meta and very OP French Premier League CDM because that's kind of where you would play Bakioko.  Wouldn't really play CM for too many people. More of a CDM type player. Who would he replace? Well, probably Pogba. Probably a guy like Fabinho's UCL live card. Probably a guy like an icon, like a petite. Maybe a baby Vieira or a middle Vieira. You would want to try this card out. And maybe like an LR, you know, somebody like that. A CDM player that is from the Premier League. That's who this guy, if somebody has a Premier League team they would look to maybe get this guy and put them in their team or a French team. Something like that. That's basically what substitute is. So people would go and sell their cards that they have. So let's say if that exact footies card, if that Bakioko card came out this year into this market right now, what cards would take a hit? I think this card would take a hit as one of the most meta, most used Prem CDMs. Probably some of the season cards, like Fernandinho would take a hit because a lot of people are probably using this team of the season card right now. This card would probably take a hit as a CDM in the Premier League. And then you probably have a guy like Pogba take a little bit of a hit. Maybe a guy like Genduzzi and maybe some icons like petite, Vieira, I shouted those already. I'm probably forgetting one. But that's the kind of stuff that you'd see go down in price because people would go and get this card to replace the card they currently have in their team. And that's the whole substitute thing of trading. But it also works the other way. People have a ton of coins right now and this is the perfect scenario for a bounce back. And we're gonna start looking at a few examples for this year and what could happen with those cards. So you might see that Pogba Inform and of course you're gonna wanna focus on the Inform cards here, the special cards that are out of packs. And obviously we're not gonna know what's out of packs and what's gonna be in packs during footies. So that's kind of a tricky situation as well. But let's say this Pogba Inform is 345K right now. Let's say this card drops to like 300,000 coins flat or like 280 depending on what the SBC price is for that Baki Yoko if it would come out in this year's FIFA. I don't think it is. I'm just using an example once again to clarify. That might be an investment opportunity because somebody who goes and gets this Baki Yoko card might wanna go make a team and get that strong link between Pogba and Baki Yoko. So it kinda works both ways. People will panic sell the cards to go get the new one but they'll also start to build a team around that card especially with meta players in the game and they will go and the players that just were panic sold will rise back up because they link to that new card. So that's why substitute investing is a great way to trade on FIFA and if you can learn to trade like this, it's really fun and it works all the time.  Obviously right now the market is very rich. We have a lot of coins coming off a ton of team of the season rewards. People still be packing blues in their guaranteed ultimate and elite team of the season guaranteed packs. So there's gonna be a lot of coins that continue to come onto the market as people are still involved in the game and another promo is coming up so that brings people onto the game as well. So that's kinda the gist of substitute trading. Now I wanna take a look at the three new examples this year where this could happen and today we're just kinda focusing on this one method because I wanna talk to you guys about this and also kinda talk to you guys about what could happen with some cards during footies. I think Rashford is gonna get a footies card because he's gotten plenty of cards this year. He's got a hero card, a player of the month. He's got this, obviously he has the headliner card. He got an SBC earlier on in the year. I think he's a perfect candidate for a footies card and this card's gonna be incredible. Let me tell you, I mean this card right here, his headliner card, look how much this was earlier in the year, 758,000 coins. Obviously now it's down here at 300,000 coins, probably gonna drop a little bit lower as he has a favorite card for footies but you're gonna see if he does get a footies nominee SBC. If they do footies the same way this year, let's say he gets nominated, that's almost a sure win.  He's gonna have 90 plus everything except for maybe physical and defense.  So many people are gonna wanna have in that team. So what's gonna drop because of this? Well, Premier League strikers, probably some of those team of the season, Premier League strikers that everybody loves to use, maybe a son, maybe Aguero, probably who's one that I'm missing, Lacazette. Some of those guys would drop in price because people wanna get that card into their teams. Now who is a, what kind of card would go up at the same time because of that? Well, who are you gonna link with this Rashford card? English strikers, Harry Kane doesn't have that many special cards this year. Jamie Vardy, you know, not exactly top tier. You're probably gonna link this card to a full Premier League side or maybe like an English icon, maybe use Michael Owen or Stevie G, you know, something like that. That could be a card that you link to this with but it's Premier League. People are gonna make Premier League teams. People are still using these Premier League Tots cards. So, you see them get Panic Sold? Let's see, let's say you see Son. He's one of the most hyped up or a bombing. Let's see, let's say a bombing is two million coins flat or like 1.8, like he just drops out of the sky. That would be a big time, big time drop in this card. Let's say two million flat. That would definitely be an opportunity. If you're somebody who has wanted a bombing for your team, I wouldn't say this is a great opportunity to trade with this card. Buy it for two million coins, wait a week and it goes back up to two, two, two, three. That'd be a good time to buy that card for your team. Just because the return on investment on cards this high isn't as good as some of the lower level cards. That's why I pointed out a guy like that Pogba before. That Pogba would be a perfect opportunity to invest in and to put in your team at the same time. Depending on what you wanted for and your situation. One more example, just so we can get the hang of this. Let's say Fabinho gets a footies card. I would expect Fabinho to win just about any vote that he's in in terms of midfielders. One of the most OP cards this year has a couple special cards. Obviously has this UCL live card.  A lot of people are gonna have that in their teams. What cards are gonna go up because of this? Well, Brazilian, there's a ton of Brazilian special cards in this game, Premier League, Liverpool. Obviously we know we have the links to Van Dyke, the links to Robertson. But who's specifically gonna be panic sold because of this Fabinho card? Definitely Fernandinho-Totz. This card would definitely take a hit. If Fabinho did get a team this season card, I would expect this card to take a hit. And I would also expect it to rise right back up because if you need a strike force, a CDM pair, I guess that's not really a strike force. That's a strike force that's like a wall in the back with your defenders. Two Brazilian CDMs that would perfectly link up in your Premier League team if you were in a hybrid or whatever, Fernandinho and Fabinho would be those two guys. If you were like a 4-2-3-1 type player, which a lot of people use in this game, I would see this card panic sold and then also have an opportunity to rise back up. One more quick last mention, Davinson Sanchez, I think has got a very good shot at getting a footies card. That card's gonna be nutty as well. Premier League centerbacks though, when it comes to elite Premier League centerbacks, you have Laporte Tots, you have Van Dyke, and you don't really have too many others, Flashback, David Louise and Sanchez. Those are kind of your top tier meta Premier League centerbacks. You could look for some PayX selling in DVD, but people are probably, if they're gonna have a Prem team, matches Sanchez up with DVD. So it all depends on what other cards are out there and it also depends on the price of the SBC. You know, if they release that rash for SBC, let's say the SBC costs 300,000 coins, which is the current price of his headliner card, you're gonna see a lot of those cards, especially in the million coin range, dip a lot. Like maybe a Lacazette Tots. People would dump that card to go try this Rashford because Lacazette's a million coins and you probably will get a better card in terms of value with the four star weak foot and five star skills if there was a Rashford footies for like 300, 400 and 500,000 coins somewhere in there. So that's what I wanted to kinda explain to you guys today about substitute trading. It's really good, it's great and you're gonna see a lot of this stuff happen during footies if they do shape it the same way. Now obviously they could put these cards in packs and then still you would see a drop off, but it would be interesting to see the kind of rise as in when there's an SBC, that SBC has a market value where it kind of, you know, it sets the market for that position and that player. Like let's say, let's go back to our Rashford example. Let's say their price Rashford at 400,000 coins. That's pretty cheap for the boost that they would give him. 500,000 coins might even be too cheap as well. But a guy like Lacazette, you know, that's gonna really put a price tag on him and people are going to really revalue how much of this card is worth in the game because you would have that new Rashford on the market with arguably better stats than this card, most likely or at least close to it and stuff like that. So that's a really interesting thing with SBC is based on just the card being on the market is the SBC carries a price tag and then the whole market around it kind of has to decide, hey, how much do we value these other players instead of this SBC that are in the same position, same nation, same league, stuff like that. So to some of you guys, this might have been pretty basic. To some of you guys, this might be something that you have known for a very long time and you've done substitute trading throughout the year and you already know how to make coins from that kind of stuff. That's awesome, that's great. It's good to refresh once in a while and talk through some things, but I think this is gonna be a very prevalent way to make coins and also, if you have your eye on somebody like Lacazette or like an Aguero or like a Hyunmin Sun or a Bamyang team in the season card, Footies might present you with an opportunity to get one of their cards at a very, very cheap price. Not very, very cheap, but a discounted price as Footies SBCs will be coming out, boosted players will be coming out and it all depends on the SBC value what happens with some of these card prices. So if you're eyeing any of these really high level strikers for your team, some of these Footies SBCs could present a buying opportunity for some of those cards. I know again, you're probably like, yo, Nate, why are you talking about Footies investing? This isn't really investing, this is kind of, you can invest, you can make some coins off of this if you want to, but the real reason to do this stuff right now, at least in my opinion, is if you're eyeing one of those cards for your team, getting in the panic cell, buying that card in the panic cell when an SBC comes out, like even if Fabinho comes out as a vote or Davids and Sanchez or Rashford comes out as a vote, people are gonna be thinking, oh man, this Rashford SBC is coming, I gotta sell my whatever primarily striker card.  Now again, this is all based on if EA does Footies the same, if they do drop some sick cards into packs, there will be some similar market movements, but it probably won't be as centralized and it won't be as easy to pick it out right away because it's all gonna happen kind of right at once when those cards come into the game, when we see price points, and it'll be almost like a usual Friday of cards coming in packs, panic cell beforehand, panic cell when the cards come out because the cards are insane or whatever. So just wait until Wednesday to see what we get and see if it is actually structured the same way as in years past, but I wanted to kind of bring you that video today because I wanted to talk about some of the stuff. It's honestly kind of reminds me of, if we really think about it, it kind of reminds me of Footness. There's a lot of substitute trading that goes on during Footness because player SBCs come out dropping the price of one card, but then obviously people are in the middle of FIFA, they're buying teams, they're putting together squads that link with these and substitute with some of these new SBC cards on the game. So that's a good thing to watch out for. And of course, what is a foot accountant video without checking out some of the cheapest players by rating? I always forget how big this page is. It's not big enough without my facecam on the side, but some of these cards have risen back up a little bit. So if you guys stopped your club, like I mentioned in yesterday's video, GGs, I saw some 88s that I got for like 23,000 coins. I got some 89s for 32, some 87s, a plethora of 87s under 20K, and a bunch of 86s for around 15K as well.  It's gonna be a big week of SBCs, hopefully, hopefully some really, really sick cards we're gonna find out in a day or so. But again, I wanted to bring you guys this video today just to talk about market movements and to kind of teach you guys, put some methods out there on the FIFA Ultimate Team market. So if you enjoyed this video, smash a thumbs up on it, comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel. If you're new, it's been Nate, The Photo Accountant. Catch you guys later, peace.


In the last year, we talked about the opportunity that the Tunisian Post is developing a blockchain-based mobile application. And we showed that it was our objective to build this application in order to reinforce the positioning of the La Post in financial and social inclusion. So yesterday, the app is launched. Actually, we talked that it's a DigiCash application and it's launched yesterday on the store. A lot of Tunisians downloaded the app yesterday and they were able to transfer money, to receive money, to send money and to each other and it was a very great success for La Post because it was the first mobile application used by the blockchain. We did a lot of experimentations during one and a half year because we know that we are concerned in cybersecurity. We know that with the cryptocurrency Bitcoin we have a lot of concerns on that. But using this app with the blockchain private ledgers based technology, we were somehow confident that the security and the Tunisians could use this application and trust La Post in providing these services. So we did a lot of experimentations. We opened the platform to a lot of people to try and to experiment and to try to hack the app. But I think there is no risks actually. But who knows? First of all, we know that the Tunisian economy and the Tunisian currency is not convertible. We have a lot of regulation in the financial market and we think that we need to change things. The blockchain came in and tried to build opportunities for the Tunisian market. We have a lot of opportunity to use the blockchain and to change the regulation in Tunisia. Actually, I think that young generation are really willing to use the app because it's very easy and it's very simple for them to transform money. It's not as tough as when we use the other systems or traditional systems. So I think something needs to be changed in the regulation in Tunisia and Tunisians are really willing to help to do it. Sure, especially interoperability. Actually, a lot of apps are available in the app store and the Google Play and there is a lot of opportunity to download these apps. But interoperability is really a must because if you want to exchange money we need to be much more open and interoperability is really... Of course, cyber security issues need to be somehow standardized to build this trust.


Hello, everyone, and welcome to Meet the Experts. I'm Katie Wolfson with the UCAR Center for Science Education here at the National Center for Amospheric Research. And I'm so excited to welcome all of you to this month's Meet the Experts. We have this program as a monthly Q&A with experts who work in climate, weather, and earth system science. And we have two amazing experts for you to talk to today, experts in climate action. So I will introduce them in just a moment, but I want everyone to make sure that you know that this event is also part of the Worldwide Teaching on Climate and Justice. And we have a little welcome video. This event has events happening worldwide over the last two weeks. So we're just one of those events. Here's a little welcome video from the Teach-In. Welcome to the Worldwide Teaching on Climate and Justice. You are joining tens of thousands of students at hundreds of schools across the planet in learning and thinking about the work each of you can do. Now, head in your future to repair the climate and lead a just transition to a clean energy future. Your Worldwide Teaching will mobilize the power of educators and students and empower a generation of fighting to stabilize the climate and advance climate and justice. We all need to get comfortable talking about climate all the time. The teaching helps us do that. The Worldwide Teaching is equal to organizing events on campus or community on or around March 29, 2023. The key to a successful teaching is relying on homegrown talent, not outside experts. We all need to step up. The biggest threat to your future is thinking that somehow someone else is going to stop global warming. This is the great work of our generation. We hope this teaching will help you find your own pathway to repairing the climate. And before we go any further, we also wanted to start out with a land acknowledgement this evening. So we've lived on this planet we call Earth, a living spirit indigenous peoples call Mother Earth, the provider of all life. We've had a relationship for thousands of years from the top of the continent to the ends of South America and from coast to coast, most often in a nomadic way. We must recognize these peoples who came before. The National Center for Atmospheric Research honors the past, present and future generations of indigenous peoples who have lived here for millennia and who hold this place sacred for perpetuity. Now we're coming together virtually this evening. And so we have folks connecting from all over, from here in Colorado where we are at NCAR today, to Wisconsin, to Washington, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and all the way to Nairobi, Kenya. So we are so excited.  If you don't already know, there's a link in the chat that we just dropped where you can look that up if you're interested. And I'm just so excited that everyone is coming together for this conversation this evening, really looking forward to hearing from our experts today. Before I bring them on, just a few more housekeeping things. I wanna make sure everybody knows that closed captioning is available that you can also type in the chat if you need any support with anything or if you have a question or a comment for our speakers. So throughout the program, feel free to type in that chat. We'll be keeping an eye on it and let us know. All right. So without further ado, I am thrilled to introduce our two experts today. We have Phoebe Dominguez who is a high school youth climate activist and a 350 Colorado executive board member here in Colorado. And we also have Maya Bovenel who is a student environmental justice advocate and freshman at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Thank you so much for joining us, Phoebe and Maya. Thank you. Well, welcome, welcome. So I gave really short introductions, but you both are doing amazing work and amazing things. So I wanted to kind of turn it over to the two of you of letting our audience know today a little bit more about you. So can you tell us a little bit more about yourself and the work that you do in climate work? Yeah. So my name is Phoebe Dominguez. Like Katie said, I use they've been brands and I am based in Denver. I live on Cheyenne, Ute, Arapahoe and land here in where I am based. Yeah, that's the indigenous land that I am on. I am a board member on the 350 Colorado executive board, one of the largest climate organizations in Colorado. And then I also run their youth action committee. I have been involved in countless events just like this, mostly local. I do a lot of legislative work as well as working with youth to build community and create spaces for those youth to come together and make space for ourselves and to get allies to help make space for us at tables where we normally aren't included. Awesome. I'm Maya. I am currently located in Hanover, New Hampshire at Dartmouth College. And Hanover is on the lands of the Abeneke people in a land originally known as Indakina, which is sort of a region in the North. What is that known as New Hampshire, Vermont, Western Maine and Southern Quebec. And just wanted to acknowledge that indigenous people are the original stewards of this land that we now live on. And a lot of this land is unceded traditional indigenous land and it's our responsibility now to work with indigenous people who continue to live on this land to continue stewarding the land and make sure that it is here for future generations. So very excited to be on this panel tonight. I as a student at Dartmouth am on several different or like in several different groups of climate action here on campus. So I am an intern with the Sustainability Office and I work to kind of right now we're working on this on revamping Dartmouth sustainability goals. And I'm also organizing with a group called Fossil Free Research to essentially look at the impact of the fossil fuel industry on the quality of research that comes out of institutions and universities. So I'm excited to join you all today. Wonderful. And so I think it's important to acknowledge that everyone comes to climate work from different backgrounds through different paths that they find to doing the work that they do. And I'm curious to find out from the two of you if you could share a bit about how you got started in climate work. Absolutely. I can go first. So basically I got started back in about 2018. I think it was early 2018. And if some of you remember Freda Thunberg was starting to take climate action by striking school and saying like we as youth need to come together and take action in a way that's going to make the world listen. Unfortunately, that means that we sometimes have to sacrifice sacrifices in our own lives. And Freda Thunberg saw striking school as an action that could really bring together youth in a way that grabs the attention of the global community. So inspired by Greta Thunberg and also by a feeling of needing to take action to counter the climate crisis. I started striking school and I was a sophomore in high school at this point. A lot of the times that looks like just going out on my own on Pearl Street in Boulder and talking to people as they passed by. Sometimes I would bring a friend and sometimes I encountered other people who would join me on the street. And although as an individual, sometimes it felt kind of isolating and as if I were the only one in Colorado taking action. It was definitely not the case. Soon as I began meeting people, having conversations as I was taking this action, it really sparked this feeling of that I'm not alone. And that's what kind of sparked me into climate action. It couldn't end there though, because I felt like, yes, this was raising awareness. Yes, this was making connections with other people taking climate action in the region. But I definitely felt like I needed to do something beyond that. And for me, that looked like joining basically making connections with people at my school who were also interested in taking climate action. So I got involved with the school's environmental club and also with a group called Earth Guardians that essentially supports youth activism across the world and empowers youth to take action in meaningful ways within their own communities. So with the environmental club at my school, we started just like learning about what kind of environmental issues affected our community. And it turns out that there was a fracking site that was going to be the biggest fracking site in the state of Colorado if it were approved that was proposed only three miles away from Iowa High School. And that took us, we had learned a little bit about fracking and soon we started learning more about it and just about the negative health impacts, the negative climate impacts. And we decided to organize to take action against this big fracking site. And so essentially by collaborating with the Lookout Alliance, which was a group of, a nonprofit group of other activists from the community standing up against this fracking site, we started going to county commissioner meetings and organizing a campaign to counter this immediate threat to our community. And really organizing for this specific issue was very empowering. So that's sort of what sparked me into this movement and it's kind of spiraled sense that I will pass it on to Phoebe. Yes, thank you for that Maya. Yeah, your story is so great and I love hearing about it. Personally, so I started climate activism when I was 12. I just turned 12 and it was January, I think of 2020.   Every week on Fridays, I would stand in front of the Capitol with my sign, getting honked at, getting told off by legislators and people walking by, being told that I was an inspiration and that people felt sorry for me along the way. I did that for a couple months and worked with so many amazing people or met so many people. I met many people who were very mean to me and many people who were very kind to me. And then COVID hit. I kind of didn't know what to do. I kind of took a break from activism or protesting because it was online and I didn't really know what to do and I was 12. So then I decided to volunteer with an organization. I found 350 Colorado, a kind of organization that had a pillar of action and had big community, big community. It was a very big organization and they had community meetings almost all the time and had so many people. I started volunteering with them, going to committees and slowly getting more and more out of my shell, being more noticed that this 12 year old was in these committee meetings with mainly retirees. So I kind of volunteered with them for a couple of months learning my way, navigating how to navigate volunteering when I was the only youth in the room or the only person under like 30 in the room and while navigating COVID and online, everything. I was asked to speak at my first event. I was told to share my story and what I thought about climate change and I had no idea what to do. I was a 12 year olds who had been volunteering for a couple of weeks or I think it was a month at that time and people wanted to hear my story. I told them and I started public speaking. I over the past couple of years I've done lots of public speaking but that was one of the biggest things that I did at the beginning was I started public speaking. I soon in I think October of 2020 or 2021 I started back at doing more protests. I didn't continue or resume Fridays for Future but I did other protests and I kind of realized that there was no space that was for youth to gather with 350 Colorado. I wanted bigger sense of community because I felt like I was the only person in that room who I could even remotely relate to besides having climate problems, like having problems with what our climate is right now and wanting to fix it. That was the only thing that I knew and often I was seen as less because of my age. I worked with some other amazing, I worked with some amazing volunteers and some amazing adults who helped me along the way and I founded the 350 Colorado Youth Action Committee. Yeah, and the rest is history. Amazing, so you both have gone through kind of started or kind of inspired to take action by some of these climate strikes that you were getting involved with, it sounds like and it kind of grew from there in terms of your involvement in the spaces that you started occupying. You've both gone through some big transitions in life. Phoebe, you were alluding to the COVID pandemic that we've all been going through in that big transition but what has kind of changed for you since you started your climate work, especially in the last year and we actually had the two of you on a panel with us for the teach in last year. If some of the folks remember who are on today might have joined us last year for that as well. So I'm curious to learn from the two of you kind of what are some of those transitions that you've seen in your life and how has that impacted your climate work? Yeah, I think that transition has been a big thing for the world these past couple of years and I think also for myself as well, like you said, I just started high school, I'm a freshman this year and I was homeschooled before and I was able to go to public high school and me being homeschooled, I was able to have more time to do climate activism and that was really nice. And I had more flexibility with my schedule and I don't have that anymore. And I think that kind of our entire world just got more burnt out.  And I think that some ways that was a good thing, right? Like Zoom was great for creating that community of lots of people like this. Like we have so many people in so many different places having a community around that we see lots of people but that also brings disconnect because we're online and we don't have human interaction that's not on the screen at this moment. And I think that for me, it's my transition for like going into a role that was less climate like legislative-based and less like activism-based, that's not a work-based. But having when I started the Youth Action Committee a lot of my work transitioned to be around community and creating those spaces and around mental health with climate anxiety and kind of transitioning to new lines of interest and new lines of work as I grow older and become a young adult and a teenager. And I think that my entire activism career has just been filled with transition because that's what's like at this age, right? You're constantly changing and you're constantly learning new things. And I think that climate activism is one of those things that constantly changing. And my role in the climate movement has changed so much. And I think that, yeah, transition is just such a big part of our world now and a part of my life. Absolutely. And I think, so Phoebe and I have had several conversations about this in the past. And something that Phoebe said one time that really marked me was, the way that you're involved in climate activism is going to change because the reality is that this is a long haul issue. Climate change isn't going to be solved overnight as much as my younger self might've thought it could be. I remember thinking at one point when I first started getting involved, it's like, why hasn't anyone solved this? And yes, of course, it's easy to say that and it's easy to be like, okay, we have solutions, we have an issue, let's just put them together and get over with this. But the reality is it's way more complicated than that. And so it's important to recognize that even though this is an urgent issue and it demands urgent action, bold action, innovative action, creative action, it also is an issue that's going to take collaboration and time. And that means that we need to find ways that are sustainable for us to stay involved. And that means that climate action is going to change for what it looks like in your life because your life is going to change and with it, at least I know for me and Phoebe, we've both felt that the way that we're involved with this movement has changed and grown with us. And I think that can be a really beautiful thing. It's both with an internal factor of what's going on in your own life and then also with the external factors of what's going on in the world. I do think that online action, which has been facilitated in a lot of ways by Zoom and what we've learned throughout COVID, I think that that is a huge benefit to organizing for the climate movement because I've been able to plug into coalitions of youth working like across the world. And it's just so inspiring a lot of the time to hear what people are doing in different regions. It can feel really lonely again if you feel isolated in the space that you're in and nobody else is taking action. But as soon as you plug into a call, like I've been on Earth Guardian calls that they have a world wide committee where people can plug in. And every time after I go to that kind of meeting, I'm like, wait, everybody around the world is feeling this issue in different ways. And all it takes is finding the people in your own community who also feel the need to take that action, getting together, making community and taking action together. So I think that it's been a journey so far seeing how climate action has changed throughout my life. And I'm sure it will continue to be. Yeah, and I think you're kind of both hitting on one of those key things, right? On community, right? Finding community or building community and how that can energize and help us feel less alone with this huge issue, right? Cause not one person's gonna solve this. And so Phoebe, you mentioned before that you were kind of working on youth community. Can you share us a bit more about your work in building community in the climate movement? Yeah, definitely. I think that one big thing or like one thing that I've kept with me, my entire like activism career, I mean, besides the beginning when I was completely unsure of what to do is that your, like Maya said, I told this to her and I told this to so many people that the way that you are involved in the climate movement is going to change and evolve and that's okay. It's not going to be stagnant and the people that you're working with are experiencing the same thing. And I think that with specifically youth community and youth action, a lot of us feel a lot of climate anxiety and climate like heaviness. Like it feels like it's all up to us and it's our future and it's doomsday all the time and the world is going to end and we're all gonna die and our future is gonna be horrible. That is not reality and it's not a great way to think of kind of activism and to think of the climate problem. Yes, it's urgent and it's our future and we need to be taking action and we need to recognize our feelings and recognize all of the work that we're putting in and all of the things that are on us. Like all of the problems and all of those things that are so uncertain, but it's not gonna be doomsday and the people around you in the climate movement, if you're with great people, which hopefully you are because you should pick your community that you're in well and you should pick it in a way you should decide what community you're in and how you wanna be involved and how you are doing activism by how it makes you feel. You shouldn't be doing work that you feel drained and completely depressed and horrified at the end of a meeting or at the end of an action. You should feel regenerated and hopefully have some joy and then also have some of those feelings of fear and depression because that's just the way that the climate movement is. And so a lot of my work has been kind of trying to create a community for youth that feels that way that we're making progress and we're making action happen and we're also realizing that we can enjoy ourselves and do productive things at the same time and creating that community by working with people that agree with that and have that same mindset and even teaching that mindset and telling people about that mindset is going to be very big and has been very big in my climate activism work. Yeah, and I think that hopefully other people feel this but I think that when you pick the right people around you and you pick a community well and you figure out how you wanna be involved at that moment you feel joy from that and you are enjoying working with other people even though this is such a drastic and sometimes horrifying issue. And Maya for you, how has that been connecting finding your community since going to college? Yeah, so I think that finding your community is something that's not always easy. I know that when I first got here onto campus as a freshman I was like overwhelmed by everything that I meant to transition to a new place, a new community where I didn't know anyone at all much less the climate action niche of campus and I definitely spent the entirety of fall term kind of reckoning with or just like trying to figure out who I want to be here on campus and figure out friends just figure out even who to eat with, you know? So I think that was in itself going back to transitions for a moment like it definitely took a lot of my energy to just figure out what my place was on campus and at the end of fall term I reflected back and I was like, you know what? I feel like I found some good people I found some good friends I found some activities that I'm excited to be involved with but one thing that I feel is missing is climate action and so I made that conscious decision I was like, okay well I know that I need to get involved and I know there's work to be done at this large institution and so I'm going to start just putting out feelers and start talking about climate action and climate just like how we're affected by climate change and by bringing that into my everyday life and just talking about it with people around me I started to hear that a lot of those feelings are echoed and I was directed also by other people toward communities of action here on campus so by getting involved with the sustainability office I was able to start getting to know other people who were involved in climate action on campus and I think that, you know with finding community you have to find what is what you're passionate about and by finding what drives you in climate action is going to bring together other people who are passionate about similar things. One thing I definitely want to emphasize is also the critical component of intersecting different social justice movements within the climate movement because environmental degradation and honestly like just climate change is something that disproportionately affects low income people, people of color and people who are disadvantaged by a whole number of like systemic issues and so it's also a really interesting and exciting opportunity to intersect work with other advocacy groups and advocate for a better world while centering those people who are most disproportionately affected and so getting involved here at Dartmouth has looked like getting involved with the student union and the student workers union which they just shared a picture of a second ago and getting inspired by different social movements and I think that by intersecting the work between a lot of different issues we can build a movement that is going to take into account those who are most affected and ultimately lead to solutions that center the community and the cultural context in a way that will lead to the most effective results in solving those issues so, yeah. I think that what you said about like how it's such an intersectional issue is such a true statement and like finding that you work with and who you want to work with that's such a true like part of it it's like what are you passionate about and what does that intersect with because people are passionate about everything and so like finding people that share passions or have different passions than you to work with is such a great and I think like beautiful thing even though it's hard to find a community that you resonate with and that has intersection in it and where you're doing that work and so I think that you're so real for saying that and how like it's just such a true statement. I'll throw a question out to our audience today if anybody wants to share in the chat where are some places that you found community and the work that you do? We would love to hear on terms of where are you finding community and also want to invite anyone who has questions for Maya and Phoebe to please feel free to type those in the chat. We would love to hear your questions that you have about their experience or about the climate movement or any of the organizations they're involved with please feel free to type those in the chat but I'm curious to know where our folks have found community and while we're waiting for folks to type that in the chat I wanna find out from the two of you that the climate change and climate movement and all the work to be done can be really overwhelming and so I'm curious if the two of you also feel overwhelmed by that and any tips that you have for dealing with that overwhelm? Yeah, 100% I am overwhelmed like probably 90% of the time.  It's also something that I feel like isn't talked about enough in spaces where you have something really important that you're working on and I think that something that goes into that is capacity like how much capacity do you have to be involved with what you're doing? How much do you wanna be involved?  Whether that's like physical capacity of like how much time do I have and also emotional capacity, like how much brain space, how much energy and how much like emotion do I have available to me to use or am I comfortable or safe to use? And so I think like evaluating those two things like emotional capacity and physical capacity can really help with that. I also, I think struggle with staying with those boundaries and realizing my capacity and figuring out how much time and how much energy and how much emotion am I willing to put into an issue because I'm so passionate about climate justice. And I just get so roped in all the time. And so I think when I'm feeling burnt out or am burnt out and overwhelmed, something that I find has been really helpful for me when all else fails and I'm overwhelmed and burnt out, which is more often than not. And something that really helps me is kind of working, like I said, working with a community that I enjoy working with, continuing to work on what I'm passionate about, making sure that this is what I wanna be working on. And then another thing on my checklist that's very like professional, I guess, is making sure that I'm something that I struggle with as like a youth activist is that this is my future, right?  And so I've invested a lot of time and energy to get to that future, to make sure that that future is good. And instead of spending time now living my life besides working on climate change, I've spent most of it working on climate change. And most of my time and energy right now and in the past couple of years doing that. And I think that recently, like sometime, I don't know exactly when, but I kind of realized that it's okay to have a capacity for things. It's okay to not have any more energy and it is okay to do other things.   And like doing the little things that you can in meetings or when you're doing climate activism to make sure that you're putting yourself and your emotional wellbeing and health first helps me kind of get out of burnout and also help me when I'm in burnout and also help me when I'm not in it to try and stay out of it. Yeah, yeah, oh my gosh, I completely, I resonate with a lot of what you were just saying, Phoebe, and specifically just about the burnout piece. I think that one analogy that was coming to my head as we were talking is I Nordic ski. And so basically Nordic skiing, I oftentimes think about this when going up a hill because it's exhausting.  And whenever I'm in that position, I'm basically thinking like just keep going, just keep moving, even if you're slow in that moment when you've been on the hill for a long time, as long as you're still moving forward, you're getting further than you would be if you take a big break and just stop and like yes, that does feel good, but then rather than just sprinting and then stopping, sprinting and stopping, just to keep going at a slow study pace. And ultimately I think that what you were talking about, Phoebe, in terms of needing to take into account your capacity really feeds into the ability to keep going in moments. I like it rather than doing that big sprint stop cycle. And essentially where I'm getting with this is that I think that it's important to know where to draw your limits, but it's also important to know how to spread your work opportunity and to delegate tasks to other people, to learn to trust the people that you work with, to take on work and to do it well. And I recently had a really great experience just last term organizing a student feedback forum on the sustainability goals at Dartmouth. And essentially we planned this night where a bunch of students came in like a pizza and we did a presentation on the sustainability draft goals and then we gave students an opportunity to get feedback on it. And it was very, like it was such a great experience to plan this because I had a team of other activists and other organizers to help me plan this event to be up there presenting with me and to celebrate with pizza afterwards. And it was really rewarding to be able to finish that event and not feel completely burnt out at the end, but instead feel energized and know that we were doing meaningful work. So I think delegation of roles is important, trusting your fellow organizers, knowing that even if you do need to take a break on climate activism that other people are out there also taking action. Again, this is an issue that is going to be that we're in for the long haul. So it's okay to take a break and it's important to definitely invest in all parts of what makes you happy and what makes you you while knowing that the work will end. Such wonderful wisdom. Thank you both for sharing that. We are getting coming to a close at the end of our panel tonight. I know there are so many more conversations to have but before we say goodbye today, I wanted to invite the two of you if there is any kind of final message or any final thoughts that you wanted to share with our audience before we say goodbye. Yeah, I think that something that I would that I always carry with me, right?  Because like Maya said, it's the long haul and moving slowly and being able to keep that up is better than sprinting and wasting your time being in action that you don't like. Absolutely. I think what I want to leave people with is that no matter what it is that gets you excited about climate action, you know, whether it's this need to take action because it feels overwhelming or whether it's excitement about things that are going on in your community or frustration at things that are going on in your community. I think it's finding ways to get involved that make you happy. You know, like a movement takes or requires people of all capacities to get involved whether that's artists, whether that's researchers, whether that's community organizers, speakers, poets, really like people, musicians is another huge one. I think that what makes a movement effective and what makes a movement beautiful is the diversity of people inside of it. And so I think that just reflecting on what makes you happy and seeing how you can put that to work within the climate movement is essential for ensuring that you're taking meaningful and sustainable climate action. Thank you both so much. It was wonderful, wonderful talking to you both tonight.  Thank you so much. Before we say goodbye, I just want to let everyone know that we do have one more Meet the Experts coming up in May, on May 3rd, we will be talking to an expert in teamwork in STEM. So we hope that you'll check back on our website and join us for that in next month. But Maya and Phoebe, thank you so much for joining us tonight. Thank you for sharing everything with everyone today. And thank you everyone in the audience for joining us. Thanks so much everybody. Bye. Thank you. Thank you.