Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32H7 power controller. The STM32H7's power management functions and all power modes will also be covered in this presentation. The STM32H7 has several key features related to power management, including several low power modes, where it is still possible to wake up the MCU with an event on an I.O. as well as a large number of peripherals that can wake up from the various low power modes. The D3 autonomous mode allows transfer of data on communication peripherals without waking up the CPUs. Several power supplies are independent, allowing reduction of MCU power consumption while some peripherals are supplied at higher voltages. Thanks to the large number of power modes and independent power domains, STM32H7 devices offer high flexibility to minimize the power consumption and adjust it depending on active peripherals, required performance, and needed wake-up sources. The integrated step-down converter reduces STM32H7 power consumption at minimal cost. STM32H7 devices have several independent power supplies, which can be set at different voltages or tied together. The main power supply is VDD, supplying almost all IOs except for some IOs of ports A, C, and B. VDD also supplies the reset block, temperature sensor, and all internal clock sources. In addition, it supplies the standby circuitry, which includes the wake-up logic and independent watchdog. VDD supplies the step-down converter, which may directly provide the V-core supply. V-core supplies the three domains, CPU1, Cortex-M7, CPU2, Cortex-M4, and D3 domain with most of the digital peripherals and the SRAMs. The flash memory is supplied by both V-core and VDD. V-core may be supplied through the voltage regulator, which is supplied on VDD LDO. The STM32H7 features several independent supplies for peripherals. VDDA for the analog peripherals. VDD50 USB and VDD33 USB for the USB transceiver. VDDDSI and VDD12DSI for the DSI physical layer. The VRF plus pin provides the reference voltage to analog to digital and digital to analog converters and can be used as an external buffer reference for the application. A backup battery can be connected to the VBAT pin to supply the backup domain. The main power supply VDD ensures full-featured operation in all power modes from 1.71 up to 3.6 volts, allowing supply by an external 1.8-volt regulator. Device functionality is guaranteed down to 1.62 volts, the minimum voltage after which a brown-out reset is generated. Other independent supplies are provided for peripherals operating at a different voltage. The analog power supply VDDA can be connected to any voltage other than VDD. When the analog to digital converters or comparators are used, the VDDA voltage must be greater than 1.62 volts. When the digital to analog converters or comparators are used, VDDA must be greater than 1.8 volts. When operational amplifiers are used, VDD must be greater than 2 volts. The USB regulator supplied from VDD50 USB at 5 volts generates the USB power supply VDD33 USB. When the USB is used, VDD33 USB must be greater than 3 volts. The DSI regulator supplied from VDDDSI greater than 1.8 volts generates the DSI power supply VDD12 DSI. When the DSI is used, VDD12 DSI must be greater than 1.2 volts. The backup domain is supplied by VBAT, which must be greater than 1.2 volts. The backup domain contains the RTC, the 32.768 kHz LSE external oscillator, and the 128-byte backup registers. The ADC and DAC voltage references can be provided either by an external supply voltage or by the internal reference buffer. This allows the converter's performance to be improved by providing an isolated and independent reference voltage. The SMPS step-down converter or SD converter can be used in three different modes or disabled. 1. Directly supply the V-core domain as shown in configuration 2. This offers the lowest power consumption. 2. Use to supply the voltage regulator at an intermediate supply level as shown in configuration 3. This offers low power consumption with a low noise V-core supply. 3. Use to supply external circuitry as shown in configurations 4 and 5. In this case, the voltage regulator can still be supplied from the same external supply provided by the step-down converter. 4. Disabled as shown in configurations 1 and 6. This offers a low-cost solution at higher power consumption rates. At STM32H7 startup, the supply configuration is programmed in the PWR controller's CR3 register. This register is right once to protect against accidental overrides. The step-down converter cannot be used to supply the STM32H7's VDD supply, but can be used to supply the VDD-IO2 supply. When directly supplying the V-core domain, the step-down converter provides the supply level according to VOS and SVOS scaling. The step-down converter's operating mode follows the device's modes. When used to supply the voltage regulator, the step-down converter may provide an intermediate voltage at 1.8 or 2.5 volts. The step-down converter's operating mode follows the device's modes. When the step-down converter is used to supply external circuitry, it may provide a voltage at 1.8 or 2.5 volts. In this case, the operating modes are fixed to high performance. When used, the voltage regulator provides the V-core supply level according to VOS and SVOS scaling. The voltage regulator's operating mode follows the device's modes. When the V-core is supplied from another supply, the voltage regulator is placed in bypass mode. The backup regulator is used to keep the context of the backup REM in standby and V-bat modes. The backup regulator is enabled by the BREN bit in PWR Register CR2 and checks its readiness before entering standby or V-bat mode. An independent USB regulator generates the VDD33 USB from a 5 volt supply. The power supply supervisor ensures dynamic power supply management. STM32H7 devices embed power management on main VDD, analog VDDA, V-bat supply input, V-core domain, backup VSW domain, backup regulator VBKP supply, step-down converter VFBS MPS, USB interface VDD33 USB supply, and DSI V-CAP DSI supplies. The main VDD supervisor handles reset management and voltage detection via the Programmable Voltage Detector or PVD when VDD crosses the selected threshold. The PVD can be enabled in all modes except standby modes. Seven thresholds can be selected by software. In addition, comparisons can be done with an external pin. The analog VDDA supervisor handles voltage detection via the analog Voltage Detector or AVD when VDDA crosses the selected threshold. The AVD can be enabled in all modes except standby modes. Thresholds can be selected by software. The V-bat supply voltage is monitored to detect when V-bat crosses the minimum and maximum thresholds. The V-bat voltage detection function can be enabled in all modes. The main V-core supervisor handles reset management and over voltage detection. The backup domain VSW supervisor handles reset management when the supply drops below the operating level. The backup regulator VBKP supply supervisor verifies that the regulator is ready to supply the backup RAM before entering standby mode. The step-down converter VFBS MPS supply supervisor verifies that the converter is ready and the supply is at the selected level. The USB interface VDD33 USB supply supervisor verifies that the USB interface supply is present. The USB supervision can be enabled in all modes except standby modes. The DSI regulator V-CAP DSI supply supervisor verifies that the DSI regulator is ready to supply the DSI interface. The VDD power supply supervisor guarantees a safe and ultra low power reset management. STM32H7 devices embed an ultra low power brownout reset or BOR which is always enabled in all power modes. The BOR ensures reset generation as soon as the MCU drops below the selected threshold regardless of the VDD slope. Four thresholds from 1.62 to 2.78 volts are selected by an option byte programmed in flash memory. The BOR consumption with the 1.7 volt threshold is indicated in the datasheet. The temperature supervisor detects when the junction supervisor crosses the minimum and maximum thresholds. The temperature detection function can be enabled in all modes. The battery charging feature can charge a super-CAP connected to the V-BAT pin through an internal resistor when the VDD supply is present. The charging is enabled by software and is done either through a 5 kilo ohm or 1.5 kilo ohm resistor depending on software. Battery charging is automatically disabled in V-BAT mode. By allocating peripherals to a CPU or the D3 Autonomous mode, the boundary of the subsystem can be controlled. The subsystem will follow its associated CPU or D3 Autonomous mode operating system. This is used to optimize the subsystem's power consumption. Peripheral allocation is done in the RCC via the P-E-R-X-E-N and P-E-R-X-A-M-E-N register bits, enabling the automatic wake-up of the domains associated with the woken-up subsystem. When CPU 1 is in C-run mode, the fixed allocated D3 bus matrix and D3 bus matrix peripherals are clocked. Other peripherals may be allocated as needed. When allocating a peripheral in the D2 domain, the D2 domain will be powered and the D2 bus matrix with its fixed peripherals and the CPU allocated peripherals will be clocked. When CPU 2 is in C-run mode, the fixed allocated D2 bus matrix and D3 bus matrix peripherals are clocked. Other peripherals may be allocated as needed. When allocating a peripheral in the D1 domain, the D1 domain will be powered and the D1 bus matrix with its fixed peripherals and the CPU 2 allocated peripherals will be clocked. When D3 is in Autonomous run mode, the fixed allocated D3 bus matrix peripherals and the D3 domain Autonomous mode allocated peripherals are clocked. Power management functions control the power supply for the different domains based on the domain operating mode. The system and domain operating mode depend on the CPU operating mode and the CPU subsystem boundaries. Thanks to voltage scaling, the various run modes offer flexibility between the required performance and consumption. In run mode range 0, enhanced performance with high power consumption, the system clock is limited to 480 MHz. In run mode range 1, high performance with high power consumption, the system clock is limited to 400 MHz. In run mode range 2, medium performance and power consumption, the system clock is limited to 300 MHz. In run mode range 3, low performance with low power consumption, the system clock is limited to 200 MHz. The internal and external oscillators as well as the PLL can be used in all modes, respecting the maximum frequencies. The run mode range is determined by the system clock frequency even when a CPU is in C stop mode. In stop mode range 3, the peripherals with wake up from stop mode capabilities, UART, SPI, I2C and LP TIM are operational. In stop mode ranges 4 and 5, the peripherals with wake up from stop mode capabilities are disabled.  By default, all peripheral clocks are off except the flash interface clock. The SRAM clocks are enabled in run mode. When running from D1 SRAM, D2 SRAM or D3 SRAM, the flash memory can be put in power down mode thanks to software, and the flash clock can be switched off. The flash memory must not be accessed when it is switched off. Consequently, interrupts must be mapped in SRAM using the Cortex-M vector table offset register. The CPU entering low power mode is controlled by the Cortex-M WFI and WFE, and the deep sleep bit allows selection between C sleep and C stop mode. When the CPU enters C stop mode, the domain and system operating mode depend on the other CPU and the D3 autonomous modes. A CPU NVIC interrupt with sufficient priority will wake up the CPU after a WFI or return from ISR. A CPU event input or RX EV will wake up the CPU after a WFE. In addition, when the Cortex-M SVON PEND bit is clear, an NVIC interrupt with sufficient priority will wake up the CPU after a WFE. When the SVON PEND bit is set, any NVIC interrupt will wake up the CPU after a WFE. Power management functions control the power supply for the different domains based on the CPU operating mode and the domain power down deep sleep selection through the PWR register bits PDDS-DN. Each CPU has its own control bits for the three domains. A domain will only enter D stop mode when the domain CPU is in C stop mode and the other peripheral has no allocated peripherals or is also in C stop mode. The STM32H7 system or D3 domain operating mode is controlled from both CPUs and the D3 autonomous mode. The system will only enter stop or standby mode when both CPUs are in C stop mode and there is no active wake up source or if the D3 domain is forced in run mode. The system will only enter standby mode when the power down deep sleep selection in PWR register bits PDDS-DN allows all domains to enter standby mode. The D3 autonomous mode can set the system in run mode either by a CPU forcing the D3 domain in run mode via its run D3 register bit or by a peripheral wake up source request. This figure gives the complete overview of the power modes in relation to the CPU operating modes and the D3 autonomous mode. Sleep and low power sleep modes enable all peripherals to be used and feature the fastest wake up time. In these modes the CPU is stopped and each peripheral clock can be configured by software to be gated on or off during the sleep and low power sleep modes. These modes are entered by executing the assembler instruction wait for interrupt or wait for event. When executed in low power run mode the device enters low power sleep mode. Depending on the sleep on exit bit configuration in the Cortex-M7 system control register the MCU enters sleep mode as soon as the instruction is executed or as soon as it exits the lowest priority interrupts a routine. This last configuration saves time and consumption by removing the need to pop and push the stack. STM32H7 devices feature three stop modes. Stop range three, range four and range five which are the lowest power modes with full retention and fast wake up time to run mode at XX megahertz. The contents of SRAMs and all peripherals registers are preserved in all stop modes. All high speed clocks are stopped. The 32.768 kilohertz external oscillator and 32 kilohertz internal oscillator can be enabled. Several peripherals can be active and wake up from stop mode. System clock on wake up can be the internal high speed and low power or CSI oscillators up to 64 megahertz with only a 12 microsecond from flash. Stop range four and range five consumption is lower than stop range three but support less active wake up peripherals. To be able to reinitialize the clock system by a so-called master CPU when exiting from stop modes the stop hold function holds the so-called slave CPU until the master CPU has reinitialized the system.  Once the master CPU has reinitialized the system it clears the slave CPU hold where afterwards the slave CPU will receive the initial wake up interrupt. When comparing stop modes stop range three consumption is higher than stop ranges four and five but the wake up time is shorter and the number of active peripherals is higher. Stop range three keeps the v-core domain at the same supply level as run range three allowing a very short wake up time lower than 12 microseconds when restarting from the RAM to the expense of a higher consumption than stop mode with ranges four and five. It is possible to wake up from stop range three with peripherals supporting wake up from stop mode. UART SPI I square C and LP TIM. The standby mode is the lowest power mode in which four kilobytes of backup RAM can be retained the automatic switch from VDD to VBAT is supported and the IOS level can be configured by independent pull-up and pull-down circuitry. By default the voltage regulators are in power down mode and the SRAMs and the peripheral registers are lost. The 128 byte backup registers are always retained thanks to software it is possible to retain four kilobytes of backup RAM. The ultra low power brownout reset is always on to ensure a safe reset regardless of the VDD slope. Each IO can be configured with or without a pull-up or pull-down which is applied and released thanks to the APC control bit. This allows control of the input state of external components even during standby mode. Six wake up pins are available to wake up the device from standby mode. The polarity of each of the six wake up pins is configurable. The wake up clock is HSI with a frequency of 64 megahertz. The backup domain allows us to keep the RTC functional and to preserve the backup registers in case the VDD supply is down. Thanks to a backup battery connected to the VBAT pin. The backup domain contains the RTC clocked by the low speed external oscillator at 32.768 kilohertz. Three tamper pins are functional in VBAT mode and will erase the 128 byte backup registers also included in the VBAT domain in case of intrusion detection. The backup domain also contains the RTC configuration register. In case VDD drops below a certain threshold, the backup domain power supply automatically switches to VBAT. When VDD is back to normal, the backup domain power supply automatically switches back to VDD. The VBAT voltage is internally connected to an ADC input channel in order to monitor the battery backup level. When VDD is present, the battery connected to VBAT can be charged from the VDD supply. A CPU will enter C stop mode when executing a WFI or WFE with a deep sleep bit set. The domain and system state will also depend on the other CPU's operating mode and wake up source status. Only when the other CPU has no allocated peripherals in the domain or the other CPU is also in C stop mode, the domain may enter D stop or D standby mode. When in addition none of the wake up sources is active, the system may enter stop or standby mode. When a CPU wakes up from its C stop mode, it has to know from which mode the domains and system have woken up. For this, the CPU has dedicated flag bits SBF-D1, SBF-D2, SBF and STO-PF. These bits inform the CPU about the state of the system and which parts may need to be re-initialized. The Cortex-M sleep-deep bit allows selection of the CPU to enter C sleep or C stop modes. When the CPU enters C stop mode, the PWR control bits PDDS-D1, PDDS-D2 and PDDS-D3 select which state the domains may enter in. The state of the domains also depend on the other CPU's subsystem configuration and operating mode and the wake up source status. From C sleep mode, the CPU will always wake up through an interrupt or event. In this case, the Cortex-M deep sleep bit is zero. From C stop mode, the CPU may wake up through an interrupt or via a reset depending on the domain state. If the domain was in D stop mode, the CPU woke up through an interrupt. In this case, the Cortex-M deep sleep bit is one. When in addition the stop F bit is zero, the system remained in run mode so there is no need to re-initialize the clock system. If the stop F bit is also set, it means the system woke up from stop mode and the clock system needs re-initialization. If the CPU has allocated peripherals in the other domain, check the other domain's SBF-DN flag to learn if the domain was in D standby mode. In this case, the peripheral in the other domain needs to be re-initialized. If the domain was in D standby mode, the CPU will wake up through a reset. If the SBF flag is also set, the system was in standby. In this case, a full system initialization is needed. When the SBF flag is zero and the CPU sub-domain SBF-DN flag is set, the system remained either in run or stop mode and only the CPU domain has exited from D standby. In this case, only the CPU and its domain need to be re-initialized. Afterwards, the system state must be checked to learn if the system remained in run mode or was in stop mode. When the CPU domain SBF-DN flag doesn't indicate D standby, the CPU woke up via a system POR reset. This table gives a complete overview of the CPU domain and system mode and the wake-up flag bits. It also shows how the CPU was awakened through an interrupt or an event or a CPU reset. Here is a summary of the PWR control-related interrupts. Two bits are available in the flash option bytes to prohibit entering a given low power mode. When cleared, these option bits trigger a reset when entering either standby or stop modes. This is a security feature used to reduce the impact of unintentional entry into these low power modes. If these low power modes are not used in user code, the option should be enabled. The debug control register is used to enable debugging in standby modes. When the related bit is set, the regulator is kept on and the domains are supplied in standby modes. This maintains the connection with the debugger during the low power modes and continues debugging after wake-up. Remember not to clear these bits when the MCU is not under debug because the consumption is higher in all low power modes when these bits are set due to the fact they force the regulators to remain enabled. In addition to this training, you can refer to the reset and clock control and interrupts trainings as well as those for all the peripherals with wake-up from stop and standby capability.


Normal programming has been suspended. This is BBC television from London. Diana, Princess of Wales has died after a car crash in Paris. The French government announced her death just before five o'clock this morning. Buckingham Palace confirmed the news shortly afterwards. Normal programs have been suspended while we bring you the latest developments throughout the morning. The People's Princess, taken far too soon from a life that was far from easy. Princess Diana was known for her numerous good works and charity, but with this philanthropic royal lifestyle came overwhelming pressures that the Princess of Wales struggled to come to terms with, especially under the watchful eye of media and the general public. This watchful eye carries on to the modern day as the hit show The Crown is set to cover the tragic events of her death in 1997. Portraying such a poignant event is no easy task, and The Crown has seen its fair share of controversy by dramatizing the best and worst times of the royal family. I'm sure the sixth and final season will be no exception. In October 2022, the cast and crew of The Crown filmed the scenes, depicting Princess Diana and Dodie Fayed's death, which occurred on the 31st of August 97. Peter Morgan, creator of the show, has confirmed that the actual accident itself will not be shown on-screen. According to a source on the production team, we will be seeing the car leaving the Ritz after midnight, with Paparazzi in pursuit, the aftermath with the British ambassador to France swinging into action with the Foreign Office, and then the subsequent constitutional aftermath. The source added, quote, We've been dreading getting to this point, while we're calmly carrying on, it's fair to acknowledge that there's a certain anxiety, a palpable sense of being slightly on edge. I mean, there's bombshell sensitivity surrounding this one, end quote. Photos have since been revealed showing Dubicki as Princess Diana in Diana's Animal Prince swimsuit, which Diana was seen wearing whilst holidaying in the Mediterranean weeks before her death. Obviously these few weeks being a key time period in the sixth season. Season 5 ended its events in 1997 and Season 6 should pick up right where it left off and expected to continue through to 2003. It is assumed the accident will occur in the opening few episodes and then the focus will shift to the funeral and the aftermath resulting from the tragedy. The reaction of Buckingham Palace to the tragedy was a target for criticism as their statements came across cold and impersonal. They've even made movies on this very subject. This film also having the crash occur off-screen. When it comes to real life tragedies, having them occur off-camera is definitely the way to handle it. It's already ethically questionable portraying such a dark historical event in a TV show drama, but fantasizing the accident itself on the small screen is objectively insensitive and should probably be avoided. The dramatic advantage to this tactic will be that when the crash occurs we'll be seeing nothing but reactions from the on-screen royals and the public. A very impactful storytelling mechanic. When we see these events from the eyes of the characters who have come to be so familiar with the impact and shock of this event will evoke a more emotional reaction from the audience, especially those that were there to recall this day in 1997. Past the accident we know we'll also be seeing into the early 2000s. The 90s and early 2000s were filled with difficult times for many of the members of the royal family. There of course was their Anna Cereblos, but that's not where the dark years ended and the royals experienced the loss of many of their family members during this time. This I've covered in my other videos on Season 6. The final season of The Crown will have Elizabeth Debicki's Diana alongside Imelda Storton's Queen Elizabeth II, Leslie Manville's Princess Margaret and Jonathan Price's Prince Philip all returning after their first appearance in Season 5. These cast members alongside Olivia Williams, Camilla Parker-Bowles, Bertie Carville and Lydia Leonard as Tony and Claire Blair, Khalid Abdullah as Dodie Fayed and Salim Daw as Mohammed Al-Fayed. A release date has yet to be announced, but Netflix's chief content officer has confirmed the sixth season will be arriving in autumn 2023. If you want to know more about the life and death of Princess Diana, I've made a tribute video which I'll link on screen now if you want to check that out. I'd love to hear what you think of Diana's portrayal of The Crown so far, so let me know, I'll be down there in the comments. Be sure to subscribe to stay up to date on all things The Crown. This is Matt Rogers, and that is all.


Good morning Cathy. Good morning Cheyna. Welcome to Bale Colorado, the center of the Shred Universe right now for the 2019 Burton US Open. We talk about the US Open. This is the most historic event in all of snowboarding. When you win this event, your name is permanently legendary for snowboarding for years and years to come. Oh, it's good. You had a good build up today. So keep the language to all of them. When you're riding like this, I love watching it. Woo! Woo! Yo big guy, you got a sec? Yeah, what's up? Just want to kind of like basically set the tone. We're about to completely just dominate the season with the six for six, undefeated. You're working hard. I feel like I'm working hard. Everybody else involved is working hard. But still, I just feel like. We're talking about Quint and not you. Yeah, man. I mean, I love the guy so much. He means well. It's just coming up short, you know? He's been there for me from the start. I'm not saying we should get rid of him or whatever. We just need to bring him up to our level. You know, I want you to have that extra oomph of like off hill support. You know, like we got this one more contest and we got plans for the summer and spring and going to the next year and nobody's letting off the gas, you know? And, you know, it's just business. We're all working really hard. So. All right, so we're literally jumping at anything here. So what are our options and don't hold back? No, it's not that. It's more, he doesn't want the taste of the cereal. He'll feel uncomfortable doing it on TV. I promise. We're dealing with athletes here. They're very emotional creatures. Karen, he's not a social media influencer. He actually influences people to do meaningful things with their lives.  No, that's great. That's a great direction for the company, Karen. Yeah. No, good on you. Okay, goodbye. Now these athletes dedicate their lives to their sport. You know, they train hard. They eat well. They do everything. And it's to compete and put on a good show for us. All these fruit loops care about is whether or not they posted a pic of their latest latte on Instagram. You know, I've had it up to Pussy's bow. It's a rhyme, actually. Quinton, what are you doing? What's going on? Well, it's the LA stuff and steel and the presentation didn't go well. I just... Did Scotty with steel? No. So you're still his manager? Yeah. So what are you doing? I don't know. I was just gonna keep...  Well, I can't just leave, and just leave everyone here to lift their own butts. We're fine. We can sort it out ourselves. Don't worry. We've got it all covered. So you don't want to just go? Yes, just go. Get out of here. Why are you even still here? Guess I better book my flights in. I've already booked them for you. Come back to Vale, Colorado, day two of the US Open of snowboarding presented by Burton. And today we have Ben's half-pipe semi-finals. The field is stacked. We have so many young riders coming up, all trying to chase the undefeated Scotty James. And that is why he's undefeated this season. What happened there? I just lost 20 bucks. I told them Scotty was gonna get a 91. He posted an 87, dawg. Well, I mean, you're the wax guy. Let's just go a little faster then. I'm gonna put a 94. Yeah, right. Excuse me, sir. Sir. Can you get a proper credential to be filming in this zone? Can I see it? He basically, if it's just Yuto, if Yuto gets a higher score, I want Scotty qualified first just in case the weather comes in. So if Yuto scores over, then he's got a couple more things he can do. So I don't want him to with this wind. I don't want him to do it at all. But I'm also not giving it away. Or letting him give it away. The best. Just remember, Scotty, in this sport, the earning window is pretty small. Okay. Money, girls, plural, baby. You got my number. Scott, let's get in here and buckle up, bud. All right, there you go. Yeah, okay. You do you. You do it better than anybody else. Yeah. One runner at a time, Scot. Sending mid seven, four. Mr. Perfect has not lost an event this season. She, switch, that was switch. Right there is a pipe rider's worst nightmare. Yeah, that was a really, really bad slam. And this is definitely one of those moments where we rely on the fact that we have an incredible medical team that will be attending to him immediately. You okay? I mean, I really just. And just like that, we got a new leader. Yuto's been fighting for this all year. I've seen him, I've seen him finish second next to Scotty and he's not happy with that. Knowing what we know about Scotty James and the finals run that he has and seeing what Yuto Tatsuka did today, is Scotty James still the favorite going into Saturday? Oh, morning guys. How are we? Good bro. Athlete manager just picking up my credential for this week. Oh, right on, dude. Right on. Who's the athlete you're here for? Scotty James. Scotty James, dude, one of our favorites world champs. Yeah, absolutely. My name should be down on the list. I've got a couple people under Scotty. I'm not seeing a, maybe I'm spelling it wrong. Yeah, so Quinton, so Q-U-I. Q-U-I and T-O-N. T-O-T-O-N. What is it that you do? You're the wax tech, is that what you said? So I'm a manager. So I, you know. Let me just see if I can, I will need something. I will need something. Hey guys, I've got a Quinton prick here for Scotty James. He's an athlete, support. I'm not really getting, I'm not really hearing anything back. So what can we do? That's the question that I'm asking. Got a lot of credentials here that do a lot of things. And I'm just not super sure on what kind of access I want to give you.  And so I feel like I was breaking at waste a little bit on the backside nines and started doing that switchback as well. It's just, it's a smaller training. So you just really got to get more compact, load the board up, and really just, Hey sorry, my phone's ringing. Turn around. What? No way! Scotty! Quinton! It's James! It's Quinton! Surprise. I'll come up! Professional. He's been doing it for 25 years, so he knows what he's doing. Don't know if he's stressed. T-bird. He's alright. Tina, six years old, okay. Shouldn't be any problems. It's the pride of War and Date Australia, the one and only Scotty James made. Thank you so much for joining us. Thank you for having me. We got lots of questions. We've seen you at competitions, but this year you've just been on a roll. So what has changed? What's different about your training? You know, it's been an awesome year for me. I'm very grateful to be standing up top of the podium. But yeah, it just really worked quite hard off season and spent a lot of time on the board in the summer and it's been paying off. You've won four comps in a row. Oh, sorry. Sorry, we'll just actually sell. Excuse me? Actually five comps in a row. Can we just take that again? Actually that would be... Sorry, just five in a row. It's not four, it's five. Five, sorry, five contests in a row. Yeah, it's been got five in a row. You know, this week would be six, so it would be really awesome. And you know... Do you feel pressure? Not heaps of pressure. More pressure maybe just on myself. But you know, I just go out there and do the best I can in snowboard the way that I like to and hope for the best. What I'd really like to know too, Scotty, is we know so much about you when you're strapped into your snowboard. What about life off the hill? Is there a special certain someone in your life? Well, hold on, okay, hold on. T-bird. It's kind of like standing in front of the camera. We're not doing personals. I'll take it before T-bird, okay? I'm so tired. Ready for the light? Out to sick. I'm just... Everything sorted. Are you ready now? Yeah, ready to go. Nothing. I don't even know why you're here, if I'm honest. Yeah, well, I'm not actually sure why I'm here either. I could, uh... I could use a nap. Yeah, Sparky. Yeah, Sparky. Sparky. Oh. He's a beautiful man, isn't he? He got in, he had a bubble. He's a beautiful man. How's this one looking? That's... Looks pretty El Dente, that one. Great. Let's give this a try.  Okay. I'd love to get some runs in, try to get in that pipe. Try to... I actually got above the lip yesterday on the pipe, did like a head-high air. You know what I mean? Head-high. So...


So good morning, everyone. I first would like to thank the organizers for this opportunity to talk to you this morning in this very nice conference. It's actually very good to be back here at ICTP. I was last time I was here, I think it was 10 years ago, so I'm quite happy to, and also enjoying the conference, the talks in general. You will quickly see that I'm not a machine learning expert, but I'm learning a lot and well I have a couple of ideas that perhaps we could collaborate in somehow, right? So today I want to show you more or less how we are using entanglement measures and that was a very nice combination of talks because Benoit did most of the job of defining entanglement quantities and so on, so this will help, helps a lot, but I will give a general idea of how we are using this to point phase transitions in many body systems and then I will focus on this specific title that is going, specifying pretty much the system in a superfluid insulator transition for disorder systems, okay? Let's just see, no, this should be here, okay. So here's the outline of the talk, I don't have any, so it's not working the laser pointer, right? Okay, so that's true. I think it's finished now, but that's fine, I can use the mouse. Alright, no problem. So first I will just describe the system, the general idea about the, our system, the Hubbard model, fermionic one, then I will give a general idea of the methodology since I didn't see any talk on this respect up to now that is in the dense functional theory calculations and then show general results of our group in the combining entanglement with current phase transitions and then finally come to this specific system in this specific transition, superfluid to insulator transition, okay? So there were a couple of talks describing the Hubbard model. I just would like to give a general talk about it. So in particular what we can say about the Hubbard model first is that it's the basic model that you can use to describe itinerant and interacting electrons in a chain, right? So it's the most simplest one that is considering that you can have a certain probability, oh I have no laser, so right, it would be tough, let me try to use here. No, nothing there, okay. Is there any laser pointer that you could borrow me? Would help a lot. No, I thought it was, oh thank you. Thank you. Just know. Alright, thank you. And now where's the laser? Here, okay. Alright, so the idea is that the basic idea is if you consider a 1D Hubbard model then essentially you can have, there is a certain probability that this fermion can move to next neighbor and if they are lying together in the same site they pay a price in energy, that means you have some column interaction in the system that's the basic then Hamiltonian for the Hubbard. And although it's quite basic you can describe a lot of physics already with this simple model, right? So for example if you go for this limit where you have repulsive interaction you can, both, you can describe metals if you have a not have field in the system so you have any smaller than one and you can also describe insulators, mod insulators at this limit. If, instead of repulsive interaction you consider attractive you, you could describe for example conventional, BCS, superconductivity and if you add some imbalance defined like that, if you add some magnetization in your system you could also describe somehow at least qualitatively exotic superconductivity properties. I like a very state but that is the basic one. Now if you also add to this model a certain external potential V then you have now many other nice interesting things to explore as for example disorder chains. So if you turn off the interaction and turn on the disorder so randomly impurities along your chain then you can find and can, you can see Anderson localization, describable Anderson localization and other, any other spatial inhomogeneity could be for example explored with this V as superlatives, interface, harmonic confinement so, so and the other thing that I think it's pretty nice to study the Harvard model is because it's essentially a very paradigmatic model in the sense that you can add terms or extend somehow for example for multiband, multiband levels in your, in our model you can also specify regimes in go to very other nice models that we all know very popular in condensed matter physics, in chemistry and material science in general right? So but okay it's pretty nice but it's still very hard to to calculate it. So now I'm trying to, I start to specify the kind of properties we are measuring so and that was very nice that we just saw this entanglement definitions right now. In our case we are always looking at this average ground state single site entanglement. What is this essentially? So I fixed all, I choose only a single site A that I call A here and the remaining system is my system D. So it's not a block as less, less talk but now I have then entanglement between one site and the remaining but of course this choice which is, which A I choose will pretty much depend on this in homogeneity that is in there in the system. So what we do, we choose, we do the same calculation for all the sites and then take an average then we have this average single site entanglement okay for a specific system. So that's the the idea so it's definitely a bipartite per state. We are in the ground state and then we have a very good definition proper measure of entanglement which is the von Neumann entropy here right and we also have the linear entropy which is quite related to your Rene entropy in the sense that it's also related to the purity of the reduced density row A here. So that just this piece trace row A square is would be the purity of this sub system of this ITA okay. Well in this respect I would like to mention that this true we recently investigate the compare these two quantities for the particular Hubbard model and we found situations limits in the regime of parameters where actually it fails to predict even qualitatively the von Neumann entropy and so on but in this talk I will essentially use the linear for there results I will show you most of them are related to this quantity here so the linear entropy one okay. Well in the ninth thing about it and then in this I can connect with my methodology is the following these W's here that appear here I simply the occupation probabilities of a single site so that means I can just have two particles it's a single band Hubbard model so I can have at most two particles in each side so the probabilities are either I find found two particles one particle with one of these things or no particles at all so these are the probabilities and if you look closer to these formulas they are dependent on this parameter so that's the total day the average density this is the magnetization so a certain balance that you can put between these pieces and the energy so everything is dependent on the density so that means they are dense functionals so I have expressions for the Hubbard model for this quantities for the homogeneous case that are dependent on the on the density and that will make that will make much easier to calculate DFT calculations I will get there in this slide so how we solve this one D Hubbard problem well there are several ways to do that for example if you have a homogeneous system so it's really in the thermodynamic limit no boundaries then you have the exact solution from better answers now if you are interested in a more realistic description of the system then I necessarily need this external potential where is it now here we really necessarily this this special in homogeneity to describe for example these structures here so like superlases structures with a periodic modulation in our case of the most most of the results will be here with a randomly distributed local impurities and then harmonic confinement so on so you need anything else to calculate to get to solve the one D Hubbard model so with exact diagonalization the problem is you are limited to small systems for sure then you could do some DMRG calculations that it's quite exact so to say but you will have a high computational cost that are older methods of course but I'm now I would like to emphasize the one I'm using for most of these results that is approximate one DFT calculations but with a very local computational cost compared comparison to DMRG of course and so now in this respect I would like to call the attention to this recent paper of us we just put there in the archive exact presented as a poster on Tuesday I believe so anyway where we simply compare these two methodologies for several in homogeneities in the one D Hubbard model right so now I'd like to give you a brief introduction on the just the basic basic ideas behind all these DFT calculations so essentially with this Hall-Hemmel-Contail-Hem we know that there is a unique relation between wave function and ground state density right so that allows us to as a consequence any observable that in principle of course is obtained like that by the wave function will be then always dependent or functional of the ground state density okay so these are of course this if I can then based on this theorem replace any calculation that I used to do with the wave function many body wave function if I can do that with this other object the one single particle density then of course I have a great simplification from the computational point of view now and if this is true then essentially all quantities in principle could be obtained via the density without any knowing about the wave function the wave function all right so there are of course this is exact theoretically but there are several steps to to get in there so the first one is how can we actually obtain this density and it was solved quite fast just after the original theorem and which is one of the possibilities is to use the conscious skin so basically the idea is okay I have a very complex system which is an interacting system many body interacting system but I could try to use a map to a fictitious one there's no interaction and if I managed to do that I solve the simpler one single single particle Schrodinger equation and then I try to extract information from the from the the realistic one and how can I do that well I construct the effective potential in this fictitious part precisely as these terms here for the realistic system and then I solve a self-consistent cycle so essentially I solve the simpler system I obtained this single body wave function so this is called the conscious orbitals then I get the density for this system but they are were forced to represent the same density so I get the density of the interactive system by solving a much simpler problem fictitious one with all the interaction there so that's the basic idea but there's something here that is the the the problem part and only here the ft becomes actually approximate is the fact that we in general don't know this exchange correlation potential to do this conscious scheme precisely right so essentially here at this point we put some approximate these functionals for this object for this exchange correlation potential and then the all the method becomes approximate and of course depending on the quality of your functional the quality your results will be better or worse right so for this case I would like to discuss to present and then I will focus back to entanglement but the most simplest approach that you can do for that exchange correlation potential is called the local dense approximation right so just the general idea in general if you have then then our density in a homogeneous system that we know it will not be a constant density if you think again in 1g system that means you have a certain density profile there depending on the impurities and boundaries and whatever you have there so you have some inhomogeneous distribution for this object and then you could say if you know if you have information about the homogenous system so then you could estimate something about what you don't know so the inhomogeneous especially in homogeneous guy by doing a LDA which is given by this expression but essentially here in the graph means you are locally let me put this here locally considering it's a good approximation to consider uniform right so you get something that you know you have to know something about the system but for the homogenous and then you extract approximate solution for that quantity any observable by doing this local approximation here okay so that's the general idea from what we do in our calculations here you see that only this LDA for entanglement is sufficient of course for other properties people generally doing the FT goes beyond with more sophisticated approximations and I'll just give you some ideas of how we get this homogenous object here which is necessary as an input inside this LDA approach and we do that then for the exchange correlation energy of the homogeneous carbon model it's possible to do via exact numerical solution just the better than such solutions here is a nice example where they did this there that are also some analytical expressions which are approximated for the same set of data instead of using the numerical you can simply get a formula and use this and here is one that we have proposed some years ago and recently we also proposed something with a neural network which we call simply in and functional for for this this guy right so there are several possibilities to implement this thing here and now the question is okay if you do this LDA within the FT approach the first question is are they reliable somehow for yours for our system and without to specify much of the physics at the moment I will come to this later but the idea is here is that we have very good results compared to exact the MRG data so the red dots are the MRG and the blue curve is the FT so for entanglement proposed this type of entanglement I've mentioned before it is fairly well obtained and via our methodology okay all right so then let me see if I so the first thing that I would like to mention is how we are connecting entanglement with different one phase transitions so I will give some slides in several of them and then I will focus on on the one from the title right so I mentioned to you that Robert could describe for example conventional and exotic FFLO stuff so one question that when we addressed years ago already is can we distinguish between a normal phase a magnetic phase when we are plugging this magnetization and a superconductor with coexisting with this magnetic phase and then we look at this type of entanglement with this type of approach and we saw that actually whenever you have the FFLO phase in your parameter in your set of parameters you really found a non-monotonic behavior so it's a signature in this type of entanglement of a different phase in comparison to this black curve which is essentially non-monotonic for the normal phase then we also look at the repulsive interaction so for example if you go from density smaller than one from metal to a insulator by varying than the density one of the question we address was entanglement can how is the signature of this on the entanglement measure and this that was the result so entanglement has a function of the average density when you plug in with depends on the interaction it becomes there is a quite strong minima at the critical point and equal to one and so as an answer to that so it's substantially the reduce it at the critical point what's quite consistent with the fact that we are localizing the system charging localize the system but we also see that even for infinite interaction it never is with zero entanglement what means that we have a kind of partial localization in this state which is remain which relate to the fact that we still have spin degrees of freedom in the in this case of the mod now if you turn off the interaction if you turn off the interaction in plugging this disorder the random impurities in your system then we are in the regime of Anderson localization we also have address some questions there and so what we see from entanglement point of view is that in general entanglement decrease when you turn on the disorder but for any density but that is that I there are specific regimes that I there is a specific day cities where you reach a full localized the state meaning zero entanglement auto at all so you define your state here in the thing and and it was the number called this fully localized the state okay so these are general things that I'd like to show there was one more sorry and then we also ask how could we consider the interplay between interaction and disorder so Anderson is with zero interaction now if I plug in everything together so mot and then there's some physics one of the possible question is how is this interplay from the point of view of entanglement signatures and it's a mess but I will just spoke briefly the main results here so essentially we see that the minima look related to the mot is displaced so the mot density where we find the signature with a minima entanglement is displaced here we also see that the minima related to zero entanglement relate to Anderson localization also requires a stronger V to reach that full localization so you see that for example for a certain intensity here you need stronger disorder to really get zero entanglement now and that's it I think I just like to go that I'm more features if you want I can discuss later I can answer any question in this respect but that was the general idea so essentially up to here just the general signatures we are finding in the last years by using these entanglement measures in regimes where we face of one phase transition okay so now focus on the results I've prepared to show to you now these are the three main works that I'm showing this beyond this point and they are essentially performed by my former PAG student Guilherme Canella and with our collaborators Krissia Zavadsky and Irene D'Amico from New York and so let me now a little bit not so fast describe what kind of system we are describing here right so we have here attractive interactions so in principle in a superfluid regime described by the fermionic hub and we also added the impurities okay and of course there are many ways to implement this disorder stuff you can choose the specific format for this impurities and what we have chosen here is just this point-like disorder so what it's what is the idea behind this so I really have some specific sites with impurity in there so with a specific intensity of external potential V VI right so and we have chosen to be zero in the other sites so with that I define a certain type a certain concentration of impurities that can be written like that so okay so depending on how many impurities I plug in there all of them have the same intense TV for this model we had described here and I have a certain type of certain intensity for the concentration when we do that imagine that is randomly placed in the along the chain along the 1d chain and that means I have to do many realizations to actually get read of specific positions where these impurities lie and therefore I we are considering here 100 samples for each point so for a given set of parameters I need the one I'm using here in the following results 100 samples and an average over that so here is just an illustration of how we see entanglement changing with the number of samples we consider in the calculations we see that it's changed a lot here in the very beginning and it kind of saturates if you see the scale is quite small and then we consider 100 would be enough for this particular system which also has 100 sites it's mentioned here true okay so that would be definitely impossible to do with the MRG you cannot imagine doing the MRG exact data with so many data right okay so the first question we address in this specific system was is that any minimum disordering things you required it to for the localization because there was at the time there was a discussion in the literature whether it was necessary a minimum V to get the localization or any amount of view would alright enough and from the entanglement point of view via analyzing where is my figure analyzing the the signature from the entanglement point of view what we saw is that any intense TV for the superfluid system any intense of V actually the breaks the or decrease drops a lot the degree of entanglement suggesting that we localize with any small amount of disorder so that was already 50% for any of the concentration case I read for this very small V okay so now we also look at how the the double occupation in the impurity and no impurity sites at the impurity ones is just one and so it's the red point how it goes to one so how you concentrate in the impurity sites since it was attractive impurities there how we concentrate in the impurity sites and it was quite smooth there was not like a sudden move of the particles for those things and so with that and also analyzing the energy the total ground state the energy of the system we didn't see any signature of a first order phase one phase transition so that should be then a second order phase transition we cannot really verify that numerically by numerically the derivating this quantity or maybe a crossover right so it's a smooth transition by turning on the V by varying V we see a smooth transition but quite fast for a small V now we also try to look at how the concentration affects this superfluous insulator transition and in this case we saw a much different picture we really see something strong there at a certain concentration specifically here so by varying the concentration for even any given V we find that if V is strong enough we see a clearly something that's more related to a first order one phase transition which was also confirmed by the energy curves now now we see a red from the total energy that we really have some one phase transition happening here in this specific concentration I won't give you the details about the why is 40% but we can discuss it later and so on but the point is if you also look at the same same type of graph that I showed before with the occupation probability double occupation probability we see that actually there are that if V is not enough you kind of frustrate this strong first order one phase transition here so that means for example for this is V equal to minus one so it's related to this blue curve here we see that there is a is move move what part move of the particles for the attractive sites due to the impurities but if it is strong enough that is quite abrupt so you have some sudden moving feeling of the impurities sites there so what is also constant with a first order one phase transition then we also now I'm get to the end yes so we also try to connect with work so we analyze other moments too but here I'm in focus on the average work and the question was is there for this system any relation with the work that I can extract from the system in comparison to this entanglement signatures and to analyze then work we could we do this quaint two quaintian protocols one of them was by fixing the same concentration so let's say if I have one impurities we will be always one impurity the initial and the final state but I I vary the intensity of V in the second protocol was the opposite so I keep fixed the intensity so they they are the same but I vary the concentration and I vary in this very specific way so I compare a concentration like we have one a certain number of impurity sites and then I compare with one extra only one extra impurity site in the system right and so by doing this protocols then for the sudden quaint now what we've the idea was then any of these two protocols can give some connection with these entanglement measures that I showed already before so for the first protocol we do find some signature for some depending on the the initial value of our disorder intensity we do find some signature at the same place where the entanglement show the first order quaint phase transition but not for all of these V's and not so directly connected to entanglement but for this second protocol we find some very much closer connection between entanglement and work extraction we see it's positive for all of the the V considers here and that means we could extract work let me just plug in here so that means we we have for the critical point a great work extraction for this system right so with that I come to the general conclusion so here the conclusions only for this last part that okay that is this is connection at least for this type of quaint in C there is this connect direct connection between work extraction entanglement and at the critical point so you could imagine something like a quantum critical battery in the sense that you can easily get energy from there and also that the minimal entanglement of the initial allows for a maximum work extraction and we also conclude that this quaint in C is more effective than the quaint in V I just would like to do a little propaganda that is just because we are just about to open a postdoctoral position in our group and also to present the group itself we are in the Sao Paulo state but not in the Sao Paulo city so it's in Araraquara the name of this we are located and we are interested in this kind of things well many body properties with different numerical methods with that I think you will for your things interesting talk do we have we have time for one quick question okay thanks for the great talk and the great results so I have a question regarding your initial slides where you talked about low density so how low is your low density and why for considering the Hubbard model like if you have low density you can also go to sign Jordan TV yeah oh right well this low density is 0.6 it's not that low but 0.6 up to 0.6 we have some discrepancies between a linear entropy and von Neumann one and and if you go further for smaller density then it becomes even qualitatively wrong so that's not the work I presented but the idea is that for example these signatures that you typically see in a confined transition like minima or no monotonic behavior maximum entanglement and so on this kind of things is incorrectly predicted by the linear entropy if you are in this very low regime of density and if you are not so low like close to the boundary of this 0.6 then you see a small deviations like not precisely for in the first derivative you see difference but the most complicated regime becomes smaller than 0.4 in density okay so in my system we still keep this linear entropy because for the disordered case as you vary the impurity and you do this 100 samples essentially you average out this difficult of the linear entropy to predict the entanglement from low density okay okay so when you are having the transition from superfluid to moat so like experimentally seeing the so what is this how much is the trap depth of this lattice you are considering for the sorry I think I didn't get your question so for the lattices you are seeing so what is the lattice depth which you are considering for the coupling strength well well I'm considering just one G chain so you are asking how can I combine with experimentally it's right yeah means experimentally saying that like it matters for us for to see what is the depth of the lattice in order to see this well I think I should discuss later thanks so much Liz it's in the sticker again


Hey guys, it's Brandon, creator of Happily Dressed, a fashion blog dedicated to self-acceptance, self-confidence, and self-sufficiency, and welcome back to the channel. A few things have changed. I think one's pretty obvious, my hair color. Secondly, we are in my room, welcome. This is a very intimate place to have you guys. I mean, I say that now, but I also vlogged my whole freshman and sophomore experience in college, so. But, instead of explaining where I've been, I thought, why not make a sewing video for you guys? That's what you've subscribed for in my absence, right? To keep it short and sweet, I'm going to New Orleans in the next week or so for my birthday, and I don't have any clothes. 2021, I've kind of ejected my fashion sense from 2020 and prior. I did go to Goodwill. I found this, and some other stuff, but that'll come later. I found this. What is that, you may ask? This is a navy blue bandana bedsheet, believe it or not. 65% cotton, 35% polyester, just in case you're wondering if you can do this, if you find a bedsheet, and you're like, oh, I wonder what his is made out of. There you go. But, I thought this was so cool, and definitely on trend with what's poppin', and I thought, why not make some shorts for my trip? Super simple, maybe some inseam pockets on the side, and one little back pocket to the cheek, but for my first video back, I thought, let's just keep it simple, let's make some shorts. So I started off by tracing some shorts I already had. These are some yellow swim chunks that I thrifted. They are big enough so that way when I put the elastic in the waistband, they'll scrunch in. So I basically just did a rough copy of that. I will say I wish I wouldn't have used this curved ruler because I extended that waistband up by two inches so that way I could just fold it down as the waistband instead of attaching another waistband, but because it was curved, it turned out to be very, very small, and you'll see that. What wasn't extremely small, but you'll kind of see that when I try them on. Then I traced the front curve of that as well, and then I cut them out. So here is the front pattern, and then here's the back. Next, I also cut out a little back pocket as well, and I went ahead and surged my fronts and backs together, right sides facing. So I took the backs, surged them together, and you can sew this, by the way, too. I was just using my serger to make it a little faster, and then I surged my fronts, right sides facing together. After that, I went ahead and placed the back pocket. I folded that down just to see where the waistband would naturally be so that way my pocket wasn't too low or too high. Once I found the right place, I just pinned it in place and then sewed it down. Nice, these are my pockets. And honestly, I was loving the shape at first, but I wish I would've shaped them just a little differently because they go in a little deeper than I want them to. But I went ahead and sewed them to the fronts and the backs, right sides facing, on their respective sides, making sure that they were at the same place. And after that, I top stitched them in place as well. When you're done, it should look something like this, like a big ole elephant ear or something. But once I did that, I went ahead and put the front and the back, right sides facing, and sewed that down. So I'm gonna use my serger, but you could easily just sew this, and you just sew into the pocket and down so that way the pocket is in the inseam of the pant. And now here's the try-on. So you can see too, it slims up, and it basically fits my waist, which isn't ideal for an elastic waistband because it's already pretty much to my waist, so it won't scrunch in as much as I wanted it to. I found a little fix around it, but the pair of shorts I made next, I made sure to keep it as wide as possible. Now I'm sewing down the tunnel for the elastic. I didn't show me putting the elastic through because I couldn't find my safety pin, and I was struggling. But here they are, nice and finished. Now all I have to do is hem the bottom, and the elastic waistband didn't turn out that badly, but I definitely wish there was a little bit more scrunch to it. So I went ahead and ironed down my seam allowance for the hem so that way it stays straight, sewed that down, and then I was funnito. These are the finished pair. Sorry, I wish I had a better angle to show you, but I'm super excited with how they turned out. Love the inseam pockets in the back pocket. But yeah, that's my pants all complete. And there you have it, that's me making these shorts. I love them. It's crazy because this wasn't that great of a tutorial. I know that when I was filming it, and I should probably will do this a second time only because when I curved that pattern, I should have just kept it straight to give me more to pull in when I use my elastic. But yeah, I got actual work to do. That's what's in this little cardboard box. I sew up leather for an amazing woman. But I will catch you guys on my next video. See you guys later.


The ascorbate glutathione, as a GSH, pathway plays a key role in protecting plants against oxidative stress. It consists of several enzymes which are involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, ROS. Overexpression of these enzymes can increase the level of ascorbate and glutathione, thus providing protection against oxidative damage. Additionally, the as a GSH pathway has been shown to interact with other defense systems in plants, such as the H2O2 scavenging system, resulting in improved tolerance to abiotic stress. This article was authored by Mirza Hassanizaman, M. H. M. Boranedin Booyan, Tofika Islamani, and others.


Can you address the Hollywood question, how do we effectively combat the mass media and capitalize on the growing public anger for journalists? Yes, that is a very good question by one of the truest Liam, Mirin Fusik. Now, first answer is to simply create our own culture in as many ways as possible. So the more quality content that is being available here in the material on YouTube, for example. So for every time I post a cool training video, perhaps that will drive people away from content that emanates from Hollywood. Now, obviously there are a lot of good channels and a lot of good alternatives now and if we continue to set the pace high in the culture war, we can rest control from Hollywood because as it is right now, I'm no film critic, but I think I speak for quite a few people at least when I said that Hollywood films are decreasingly bad and I'm not saying this from a political standpoint, it's just a casual observation that Hollywood films aren't as good as films were only 10 years ago and that is obviously good because then people will look for other you know venues of entertainment, etc. And the more content we have with wholesome views the better. To the second question, how do we effectively combat the mass media and capitalize on anger against journalism? Continue exactly as we are doing. I can't thank Donald Trump enough for the injuries he has caused the mass media. The fake news, it's a household term now, fake news to refer to the mainstream media and capitalizing on public anger. That's simple. It's just ignore what they say and I can feel this myself. I am not particularly worried what the mainstream media writes nowadays, but three years ago, two years ago, they had still more power. So it's a, so they are losing power and just continue on the path we are on and besides they're doing most of the work themselves because people see for every day there are people waking up to, you know, the realization that the mainstream media are mostly lying. No, obviously there are still people who believe in them, but I can just speak for the Swedish public because I've you know, spectated the change in public relations to the establishment of the mainstream media and it's gone from bad to worse and it will continue to get worse. No, obviously I don't encourage any angry acts against journalists. I just recommend people to not take them seriously and mock them as often as possible. So I hope that was a good answer my man. Next question is from my gallant man, Alessar Music. I know you don't view it as a sacrifice my man, but could you elaborate a bit on when, how you made a decision of committing to the struggle? It is no secret that I am one of your biggest fans and I'm extremely proud to call you my friend. I think this question may benefit a lot of lads as I am sure they feel guilty as do I at times that we remain anonymous in a time that require our unity, honor, and unyielding courage. You are a true beacon of light to us all in the dark times. I personally owe you a lot and would like to thank you for all of your hard work, strength and honor. Ah, thank you very much indeed for those kind words and yeah, very heartfelt. Now first and foremost, you absolutely do not need to feel guilty in the least and obviously we've talked privately about this, but I can elaborate for the for the public also. You have a great and growing music channel and this is what I responded to in the last question, creating culture of our own. So to Liam's question, you are the solution to that question. You are also the solution to breaking the monopoly on the Hollywood culture because you create a venue for us to have culture in.  And we know, especially as an Irish man, you know that music is excruciatingly important when it comes to a cultural revival. Ireland has kept its fighting spirit over a lot of centuries via their music. So yeah, definitely indeed. And in terms of being anonymous, it doesn't need to be a bad thing.  It isn't needed. And besides, since you are contributing to my work as well, so there you go.  And if I'm gonna be a bit harsh here towards the rest of my subscribers, it's like 82,000 and I don't even have 200 Patreons. Now obviously not everyone contributes on Patreon, so let's say it's 200 in total. But there is still a lot of people I would aim criticism against first and definitely not someone who is A contributing and B contributing to the culture. So no worries at all, keep up the good work my man and thank you very much for your continued support. And also if you haven't already subscribed to LSR go and do so right now because it's good music and as I said it's a good platform for culture, for our culture. Most of your videos are ended by a glorious XOXO boom. I made my best to watch most of your videos but still don't understand this final sentence. Can you please comment on this? May your gains be glorious. It is good that you watched the majority of my videos, I recommend everyone to do so even if they seem a bit old, even if the videos are from 2016 or 2015 there is still a lot of gems even though in retrospect some of them are a bit cringy but it is what it is everyone grows and develops. So anyway no it's nothing, it's nothing in particular that means it's just something I made one day and then it stuck with me. It was sometime during 2014 I think or 2013 and then I do it sometimes every once in a while. So yeah that's nothing in particular that means just an outro. In your ideal state does welfare exist in any form? Why or why not? Yeah most definitely it does. I am not a libertarian. I am for welfare when it's needed because you never know what will happen to you and in an organic society you take care of each other.  I think it's absolutely barbarous to not take care of the individuals in your societies. Now the problem is that this sort of society only works in a homogeneous society where you actually care about each other. So we had a somewhat well functioning welfare state in Sweden when there was a very harsh stigma against taking advantage of it. Now obviously Sweden is an extreme case but the things I would like to see welfare on is still you know education, healthcare etc because a healthy population is a more productive population. Now keep in mind I don't apply this to America for example I would never have you know regular welfare, regular Scandinavian style, Scandinavian socialist style welfare in America because the demographics are so completely different so it wouldn't work there but in Scandinavia's case yes most definitely you know the society takes care of its unfortunate individuals and yet again the key is to ensure that if something happens the society will be there as a you know to catch you before you fall. So yes most definitely for some welfare but it also depends on what kind of nation you are. If I'd been an American I would be much more libertarian than I am now but that's because our societies are different and this is also something I want you to keep in mind whenever you partake in my teachings I try to say in the Swedish example or in the American example or in the British example it's different for different nations just as if we're talking about training I say if you're a beginner you can set this space or if you are an advanced lifter you can set this space so it depends on on the situation at hand so I'm not saying that one size fits all so I hope that answers the question. So that being said I wish you all a prosperous week ahead.


Hello everybody Andrea trusty here with dental tutoring. So it's the holidays So the holidays are coming and to study that's probably the last thing that you want to do But you also know that if you take a break over the holidays too much of one Then it might be hard to get back into the swing of things again You might have to study even harder and you're probably thinking well, that's just impossible You know, I have to study over the holidays. So how do I do that? The best thing to do is just to study a little bit every single day because over the holidays You you still need to take it easy, you know, you need to have a life of some kind. I know it's hard I was a student once too and I remember over the holidays That was the only time that I said to myself, okay, I'll study two hours a day.  I'm a student I know I have to study but now I feel bad because I'm not spending time with my family You know, or I could be thinking why have Christmas shopping to do I would like to do that But then as you're doing your shopping you're thinking about oh shoot. I really should be studying right now Right. So it's kind of like a catch-22 you want to take a break You will want to not study But then if you're not studying you feel like you have to study and then you feel bad for not studying So the best thing to do is to study at night time So depending on when you typically go to bed, you know, nine o'clock ten o'clock midnight, whatever it is Study for at least an hour to two hours at the most Because that will make you tired and then put you to sleep which helps and then you also feel like you were able to Do everything that you had to do during the day and have a nice time But then at night when you don't have to do anything that is your time to study And another thing to kind of help you guys with is to study your topic first, you know study your textbook Module whichever way you prefer and then after you have that topic pretty much set in your mind Do a mock exam or a case studies package and then see how much You know or how much you thought you know, but you don't know at all. So let's say you're studying the topic Desensitizing agents. Okay, so that will take you more than two hours to study It might take you two hours on Friday two hours on Saturday and maybe even two hours on Sunday That's okay. So study the whole thing and Know it as best as you can and then do a mock exam on that topic And you know that if you do Amazing on the mock exam, you can say, okay, so I know this topic pretty well So now I can put it away and you can feel good about putting it away and then study another topic Whereas if you said to yourself, oh geez I did the mock exam and I did horrible I got like half of it wrong So then that tells you that you have to spend another two hours looking at that topic now if you've been say Doing the topic for maybe eight hours in total. You should have a pretty good knowledge on that Okay, so if you don't do well on the mock exam, then that means you're not studying properly So if you study say for two hours on Friday night two hours on Saturday night and then two hours on Sunday night But if you're constantly looking at your cell phone if you're checking emails every ten minutes if you're Doing laundry, you know, that's not proper studying.  I'll make a snack Oh, well since I'm up. I will watch a show while I'm eating, you know But then I would think that I would be studying for an hour. Well, it was actually ten minutes So I might have thought that I was doing a good job studying but I really wasn't so pay attention to that too Make sure to study and be as um as focused. I guess is possible So I hope that helps over the holidays because you do still have to study to sort of keep everything in your mind But I know it's a lot harder to study, but you still need to have a life too So let me know if that helps you and that always helped me and thank you so much for watching


Laicambana is an island city. We feel that we can learn so much from each other by establishing a rewarding relationship. And that is so. Today, we will talk to my dear friend, Jesus Cueto. Did I get it right, Jesus? And he, everybody here in Honolulu knows Jesus as the Cuban restaurant on Bethel Street. And so, sold to Cuba on Bethel Street. And then, up in the left, this went off to New Haven, but we want him back because we are starting the whole thing with the City Council to create the district city with Havana. So, Jesus, aloha, and welcome home. Aloha. Thank you, Marcia. It is so good to be here with you. And you know that I did not just up and leave. We had, you know, there was, we were just overwhelmed and had some challenges. So, we had to, we planned on temporarily closing and relocating. And we're still in that mindset, that temporary experience, and we will relocate and reopen again as soon as possible. As soon as possible. But thank you for coming out to be with me out where I do, you know, where I reside at Kahumana when I'm on a walk. You know, that's a community that I've been a part of for almost 10 years with Father Phil Harmon out there. And it was very nice to see you and have lunch with you at our organic cafe two weeks ago. It is wonderful. The food is fabulous. All of that fresh food. Thank you. Yes. It's a wonderful job out there. Yes. So, tell us about Hazel. Who is he? Where, what is your connection with Cuba and America? Tell us about that. Because you are with a Cuban name, no less. Well, I was, my father's Cuban. I was born in a very small Cuban community. And that's now a historic district within the city boundaries of Tampa, Florida. The area is called Ybor City. And it's the origin base of the tobacco industry for the most part in the U.S. The community was first established in late 1800s, around 1873 by a Cuban cigar manufacturer and a Spanish real estate developer. And they built the first factory there and Cubans, artisans came over to work in those factories. And those were my ancestors and then a small in our community there. And many of them were very, were actually anarchists and were coming to work in those factories so that they can, and they use their proceeds from their income to pool their monies. And by uniforms and even machetes and other resources to support the Mambi soldiers. Mambi soldiers are the rebel fighters that helped to gain Cuba's independence from Spain. And that happened in 1898. I had a footnote here just for anybody that doesn't know. From 1511 until 19, what was it, 54, 74, 54, whenever, with Adele. It was always, 59, yep. There were always uprisings in Cuba to get the foreigners to go back to Spain or back to America, wherever they came from. So the uprising you're talking about is a continuum, a part of the big picture. Yeah, and it was, and it was the, you know, the leaders of that movement were General Antonio Maseo, who was known as the Bronze Titan in Cuba, and poet Jose Martí, and, and, you know, and others. But these were the, if you go to Cuba today, you'll see the statues of these gentlemen all over, you know, they're the patron, the patriotic heroes of Cuba. And our family in Tampa actually protected Jose Martí when he was exiled by the Spaniards. He was exiled from Cuba and he spent about 10 years on East Coast and time organizing with our community in Tampa in, in the early 1890s, and was protected. There were assassination attempts on his life. So that story that my restaurant tells, so the Cuba Capay tells the story of this community. And so when you visit the restaurant, whether it's here in New Haven, Connecticut, or the one that we had in Honolulu and one we'll have again in Honolulu. You'll see this story through images that were preserved by my family since, you know, again the late 1800s. We have framed photos, you know, showcasing that story. I have images and original cigar labels that, that are used as the core around the restaurant. And, and we also tell the story of our, of our spiritual traditions, traditions that were brought over through the slave trade to Cuba from Africa. And we have iconic images of our, in Christian terms, we could argue that they were angels or saints.  What are their names? Well, I can't give you all of their names because I don't know them all, but they're the ones that we have that in our restaurant. Yes. Oshun. Oshun is, is everybody knows Oshun, I think. I don't, I don't know. We know her as Mother Earth. And she was the embodiment of love and beauty. And our stories say that she showed human how to take soil and mix sweet water with it and seed and grow things so that humans sustain themselves. So that's, that's our story. We have images of, of Yamaya who was in charge of bees in the ocean. She's patron saint of our sailors and fishermen. And we have images as well of Babalu Aye, you know, we all know was made famous by Desi Arnez in the Lucio Ball show. And he is a, his energy is known to be a healer. You know, so these stories are very important and still are today in Cuba for our family and friends who are practitioners in the, the spiritual tradition of Lukumi. And also it is known to, you know, very well known throughout Cuban made parts of the world that it was synchronized with Roman Catholic spiritual traditions to, and that was, it was, it was done because the African slaves had their traditions were wanted to preserve their knowledge. And, but the, the Spanish missionaries, priests wanted to, you know, we're more interested in converting them to Catholicism. So they, they've used the saints with their deities. And in modern times, we look at that combined practice as santeria. Oh, yes. You had a festival like that. I remember that. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Now what part of Cuba are you, your family from? What part, what town? My family is in Juanabacua, Cuba, just outside of Havana. So Havana is the capital? Havana is the capital of Cuba and Havana is celebrating this all, and I think in October, November, 500 year biennial. Wow. Yeah. So what it would take, what does it take to be, This is a great time to go to Havana. Yeah, I was going to say now, what does it take to be there? Wonderful art festivals that are going on and, and many different forms of cultural displays, both act to preserve some of the colonial aspect and also modern art and artistic activities, as well as, as well as the Afro-Cuban traditions that have been really well preserved there. Well, now, we need to get this, Mr. City underway. Now you'll be here when next week, the 23rd? Can you believe it's been 12 years? And we've been working on this, yes. 12 years. Yes. And I thank you for your patience and your support every step of the way. Thank God. 12 years we've been doing this. But anyway, you will be here to talk to the City Council about this. Yes. Yes, just a few weeks. Yes. Councilman Icaica Anderson is pushing and pushing hard for this. He has been a patron saint for all those years. So, but again, a sister city is something, the sister cities were created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower right after World War II, with the theory that we would not have another war if we got to know each other. And I'm at that's basic. I'm at, there's more to it, of course, than that. But he proposed people to people, citizen diplomacy, interactive, as well as signing the check to fund the East West Center. Sister cities came as part of that. And that was the whole idea that we would get to know each other, to work with each other, and therefore wouldn't need a war like we had just come through with World War I and World War II. Sorry, it didn't work that way, but that doesn't mean we can't keep trying. So Honolulu has 32 sister cities, only one in Africa. And I don't think there's any, well Central America, yes, but we need Cuba. And part of the problem is the stigma of communism. So if we can get past that nonsense, because it doesn't exist on Cuba anymore. If we can get past that, I think we can make this happen. Yeah, I agree. And now is the time. And even though there has been some changes, you know, obviously every administration shifts policy of US policy towards Cuba. But the President Trump has continued to, even though there's been a reversal of many of the forward moving forward moving shifts that President Obama had made, there's still plenty of those changes intact. And I think Trump made an announcement in 2017 that there's still interest to support Americans who are interested in engaging and seeking opportunities to do business in Cuba. So that, you know, that's still promising in our, you know, our commercial airlines are still flying there, planes are going over full. So Delta has flight, United, JetBlue, Southwest, American Airlines as well. You know, there's a problem, you know, part of the United States is repairing installation Cuba, a wide variety of social and economic systems in Cuba are likely to transform in a short time. So Americans will establish with relationships and knowledge of Cuban culture. And government officials, all business entrepreneurs, health care systems and hospitality industries are needed to forge a partnership between Americans and Cubans. Well, I think that is where the opportunity is for us to connect with the sister city program. Well, I think that the given how Trump feels about Obama, the fact that Obama didn't make this happen, I think he will just to show I did something that Obama didn't do. Well, now that's an interesting way of saying it.  And there's, there's many, you know, we can think of many reasons why that why that should happen. I'm biased, you know, I want the best for my family, both in Hawaii and in Cuba, you know, and I know that they, well, there's, there's, there's so much benefit in them, you know, and being able to connect and reconnect and for us to revisit and how we share ideas, best practice of how we can live, how we are living, and better even the way that we, and that our ancestors showed us how to live harmoniously in small island communities. There's a lot to share. We need to take a break. And when we come back, I want you to tell us how you got to Hawaii. Okay, we'll be back in 60 seconds. I'm Yukari Kunisue, the host of Konnichiwa Hawaii, Japanese talk show on Think Tech Hawaii. Konnichiwa Hawaii is all Japanese broadcast show and it's streamed live on Think Tech at 2 p.m. every other Monday. Thank you so much for watching our show. We look forward to seeing you then. I'm Yukari Kunisue. Mahalo. Hey, loha. My name is Andrew Lanning. I'm the host of Security Matters Hawaii airing every Wednesday here on Think Tech Hawaii live from the studios. I'll bring you guests. I'll bring you information about the things in security that matter to keeping you safe, your co-workers safe, your family safe, keep our community safe. We want to teach you about those things in our industry that may be a little outside of your experience. So please join me because Security Matters, loha. I'm Marcia and we're back. And we're talking to a dear, dear friend. You know I only talk to dear friends. Hello. Jesus, my darling friend. Tell us how Jesus from Tampa and Cuba gets to Hawaii. Tell us about that journey because that's a great journey. Well, yeah, it's kind of even today I can't believe how I ended up in Hawaii. So I was a Peace Corps volunteer in Samoa in South Pacific from 1998, 2000. And then I also worked there with Habitat Humanity and sponsored by the United Nations of 2002. And I had worked in headquarters in Washington when Ben was recruited to work with a charity in Connecticut that was founded by Paul Newman. And that's how I got to New Haven. Eventually, I found an opportunity to open the first solar Cuban downtown New Haven, right? A block from the entrance of Yale University where actually we just celebrated 14 years here. And I wanted to showcase my culture and the food, the music, but I also had the vision to take the story back to Samoa and live with my host family that adopted me when I had been a Peace Corps volunteer. So I thought, well, it'd be great if I can go back to Samoa and be able to economically sustain myself by way of this story. I stayed up at the shop, displayed the images and held this story in exchange for being allowed, you know, a chance to live and continue the wonderful lifestyle that I enjoyed there in the South Pacific. Six months after opening this location in New Haven, I was preparing to leave for Samoa to meet with real estate agents and explore the possibility of opening the restaurant there when a gentleman visited my restaurant and was just describing how he always enjoyed the experience and he asked, what was our plan for expansion? And I said, well, I'm on my way to Samoa. I'm going to stop in Hawaii, but in Samoa, I hope to open the second location. So, and that was all I, my early vision was with relocations and strategic places around the world where I enjoyed community or I had, you know, I thought that the story would resonate and that people would appreciate the knowledge about Cuban culture. So, I, this gentleman who happened to be the Director of Admissions for Yale University, and he introduced me, he says, well, if you're going to stop in Honolulu, you should meet a man named Jamie Brown, the real estate agent in downtown and connect with him. And, and, and, you know, maybe you, since you don't already have a real estate agent, and I said, well, that's a great idea because I don't have an agent there. So, that's how I met my agent. And within 11 months of that initial meeting and that initial discussion, Solda Cuba Cafe was open in Honolulu, thanks to the efforts of Jamie Brown's office and John Selby, the agent that helped us. And that was, that was it, carried on there. And, and I, one of the things that really surprised me when I was there, what I said, I saw a lot of names of street and different places that were in Hawaiian language, but they reminded me of Samoan language. And I saw this, this interconnection and it opened me up. And I, and I, to the idea of, of, which I had not known of, of the interconnection throughout the whole, you know, the Pacific peoples. And I just couldn't figure out at that time, this is back in 2006. So how in the world could this connection be. And eventually I learned about layer and about, you know, Polynesians being, you know, navigated ocean navigator. And being able to do so, Celestrally, by way of understanding the skies and the stars. And, and eventually I began to study more of this linguistic connection. And because I also, well, what I learned is that, you know, in scholarly terms, the language is referred to as an Austronesian language. And that I was, I began to recognize this Austronesian language in other parts of the Pacific, all the way into the Americas. But it was in, in, in the cases of South American Central America, it was smothered under Spanish phonetics, and then eventually was able to find this also the spread leading to the Caribbean, and even even South Eastern United States. So I just found it very interesting. And, and I hope through the sister city relationship with, with Cuba, will be able to our, you know, connect our scholars at the University of Hawaii and those at the University of Havana. And on this platform of very clear linguistic connection, we can work to connect students and bring more understanding and awareness to the ancient past. Well, you know, speaking of connection between Hawaii and Havana, Havana or Cuba has a reputation for being the very best in medical care. And their doctors, every time there is a problem around the world, they send their doctors out to help. Do you suppose that there could be a relationship between the University in Hawaii and the University in Havana in terms of the doctors? Absolutely, why not? Because that, they had the best reputation ever. And, and in Cuba, there's no charge for medical care and the doctors go out into the hinterlands and, you know, once you leave urban Honolulu, there is no such thing as rural health. It's, it's terrible. So that seems to me to be a fabulous connection between the two. I agree with you, Mark. And, you know, I'm no expert in the medical field, but I certainly do my part in helping to forge those relationships, build those bridges. Yes. Now, when, again, when will you be back? I'll see you all a couple of weeks. A couple of weeks. Yes. Oh, just to let you know that I was, the day he opened Golda Cuba, I was one of his first patrons and bear until the end. That's right. Yes. Yes. And the food was. There is no end. The food was fabulous. It was absolutely fabulous. And so, yes, we are looking forward to Sister City. And we're also looking forward to you reopening Golda Cuba here in Honolulu or any other place in Hawaii, for that matter. I am too. Thank you, Mike. Thank you. Thank you so much. It's been such a pleasure spending this time with you. It's always a delight to talk to you. And we're looking forward. Now, this is aired on YouTube and iTunes, which is all over the world. So if there's anybody that wants to support our Sister City relationship, please write to the City Council at Honolulu.gov. And write your letters of support for our Sister City. And we have 32 Sister Cities around. And this is a perfect time so that we can establish better relationships with everybody. So again, thank you so much, Jesus. I love you. And we look forward to seeing you. Mahalo to you. Thank you very much. Thank you to you and your team there at the radio station. Thank you, Marcia. Aloha. Aloha.