How many people went to more than like three talks? Fantastic. Make sure you rate the sessions and the scheduling app. The big takeaways today, I think thematically were, it's a very different time now that interest rates aren't zero. There's this big dilemma between, I think, startups building great technology, which a lot of people at this conference have been doing. And you get this itch to start a company. And there's so much that goes into building the business on top.  And I think people are starting to realize that not everything requires venture capital. There are some really great software companies in the world that do a really great job selling software directly to their customer base. And they're totally fine doing that. And then there's some things that only venture can do. If you want to compete in the hardware space, I think that's going to be really hard to do out of your garage in 2024 because the bar is so high. But I do think the things that are powering most of the best technologies going forward is open source. I don't think that changes. It's probably one of the best ways, in my opinion, maybe to Kyle's opinion as well, to find that product market fit in the safest environment as possible.  I can't think of a faster feedback loop on building something that is actually useful. The other talks that we talked about today kind of focused on that transition. How do you go from that validation, from the community? You said it well, GitHub stars do not actually matter. And I remember I open sourced a project called NoCode. There's literally nothing there. There's a read me that talks about building applications with NoCode, and this thing has almost 60,000 stars. And I remember the year that that project got launched. There were some people really upset. I think this thing was ranked higher than TensorFlow, Kubernetes, and the GitHub top 10 open source projects. Here I am with nothing there. Ranked in like the top three or five at the time of most starred GitHub repositories. You cannot build a business on NoCode. Maybe someone's gonna try, but there's literally nothing there or nothing to do. And so we know GitHub stars don't matter. And so when you're trying to transition from community to customer, the big difference is one is willing to pay you. Hopefully this whole session, the whole day, I think the talks will be published soon. We're helpful for you, but I do think we need people from the open source community willing to continue to step up and build these companies. I do not want to go back to a world. I graduated high school in 1999. Most of the technology was inaccessible to me. It was only when I saw a Linux magazine that there was a CD in the back that made all of this stuff accessible to someone like me. I cannot afford AIX, Mainframe, L-Pars, Sun Microsystems, those things were out of scope. And honestly, these days, open source software is literally just better than most of the proprietary alternatives. So I think this is where it's going to go. So if you're a founder, if you're thinking about working at one of these open source companies, just know that it's not only about that technology. At some point, you're gonna have to build a business. And there's a lot of engineers in the room, some things I learned over the years in this open source game. If you're an engineer at a startup, small company, all people are responsible for sales and marketing. I've met a lot of startups and I advise a lot of startups where only the CEO or the founders are on the road talking about the project. This is literally the thing you build. And if you want to do this authentically, the work comes before the talk. So as you check in that code, as you figure out how to implement the RFC that you've been working on to integrate into your product, go give that talk to the local meetup. Don't be afraid of customers. Remember, these are the same group of people. The same people who open GitHub issues are usually not that different than the people who write checks. And so go be part of that community and including the people willing to actually pay you so that you can continue working on what you're working on. So I'm hoping going forward that people explore lots of models. One thing we didn't explore a lot here because we talked a lot about venture-backed companies, but look at companies like Let's Encrypt, that model of a nonprofit where people want to be paid fairly for their work and can do something at the same scale of some of these venture-backed startups. I don't know if you saw the news today, but you guys remember we've worked spun down. Flux CD, everyone's like, what happens? In this situation, they didn't get bought by a Cisco like Isovalent and their particular project. They just spun down the whole company and oddly enough, their products were left in flux. We're gonna do with them. Who maintains them now? Today, they were announced that the CNCF gathered some of the better, bigger sponsors that we have and they're going to fund the project. And my guess is going forward at some point, we're gonna have to figure out how to sustain these projects that are not interested in IPOing or being bought out, but having those founders still do the work that they do and believe in without all the company dynamics because I don't think that's required for every project. I thank you all for spending time with us today. Enjoy the rest of your conference and thanks for spending time with us. Thank you. Thank you.


So, good afternoon everyone. I'll try to keep it short because you're running a little bit out of time. I'm actually presenting a recently funded project so I don't have anything to show you. What I have to show you is our ideas and I can promise you that the technology exists and how basically what we got money for to do in the next two years. So, what is this? So this is basically the outline of the talk. I'm going to introduce myself, say what the problem is, and then go a little bit of what has been done until now and what we're going to do for the next year and a half to try to push language learning through computers onwards. With my self-introduction I'm basically a cognitive science that came from Portugal about three years ago. I'm at NTU in the Computational Linguistics Lab and we do a whole bunch of semantic related and syntax, each syntax. So, a lot of meaning banks, both free banks and sense banks. We work with word nets, we work with computational grammars, we work with semantic based machine translation and also multilingual sentiment analysis. But today what I'm going to present to you is basically one of my contributions to the multitude of projects that we run at NTU which is a computer assisted language learning. This comes basically from my passions of learning languages and trying to get computers to help me learn languages because sometimes humans cannot reach everyone's needs. So basically, if you've been to a university in Singapore, for example, you know that technology enhanced learning is a very big keyword right now and you've probably heard about MOOCs and e-learning platforms and blended learning classrooms, so it's very high, but there's a problem. So some courses, some contents are easier to implement in these kinds of platforms than others basically. And language is one of those that is very hard to do. Why? Because basically language is infinite. If you do computational linguistics, you know that language is a very interesting, hard problem. But also because you would have to be able to scale and to adapt to students and to know the model of language, sometimes even to know what students are trying to mean when they say something and you want to help them. And basically that's where we're trying to help. So I'm going to start a little bit with the background. So this already exists. This is by colleagues of ours at Stanford that have been implementing systems that try to help students in US public schools to learn English. So this is teaching English for native speakers of English in the US schools and basically the goals are to help improve writing skills very broadly and how to do this is basically they try to present a few sentences of context. They have a student's read. This is between grade two and grade six. They have the student read the little passage and they ask the student a question. Then they try to grade the answer in somehow and if the answer is both grammatical and meaningful. So if it answers the question, they give them a pat on the back and say go on. Otherwise they try to help them saying something is wrong with your answer. Let me see what I can do to help you. So this is an example. Abigail didn't want to go hiking with her parents because she felt too tired and wanted to rest instead. Question to the student. This is a fifth grade example. So why didn't Abigail want to go hiking? So when you have a whole bunch of words that they can click and drag, the interface has changed over the time, but basically the idea of the exercise is the same. So given these words that have been selected to answer this question, what can students answer to be a correct answer to this problem? Well, there are a few possibilities. For example, she was tired, she was too tired, she was too tired to go hiking or she didn't want to go hiking because she was too tired, for example. But actually there are actually a few more possibilities as you may imagine and I'm not going to read all these. And if you think about it, there are more than what you thought there were right now. And I can continue going and there's definitely more than you want to enumerate. So enumeration is not going to work for you. Why? Because I said three minutes ago the list is very long because language is infant. So you have a problem. So how do you actually go about this? And now you're thinking how many more slides of sentences do you have to show us and only one more? So as long as you get the point that this is not all of them, right? I could go on forever and ever. So how to deal with this? Okay, so we don't want to enumerate them. We know that probabilistic grammars are fun to work with. But if you're teaching language to sixth graders or fifth graders, you probably don't want to go that way. You cannot deal with 80% correct grammar on sentences that you want to teach students, right? That's also a problem. And as you can imagine, we need both ways to check the meaning of what the student is trying to say and the grammaticality of the sentence. So you have to check that they actually answer the question and if the sentence is a correct English sentence. So basically, we reuse handwritten computational grammar to do this. In this case, we use the English resource grammar, which has been developed in Stanford for many years now, and extend them with mal rules. And if you're now going mal what? I will say it again, mal rules. It's a very simple idea. You extend the grammar rules to accept something that is mildly ungrammatical, but you have control of yourself. So in this case, if you see an English example on the right, dogs is cute, is an ungrammatical sentence in English, and I could do this by having a rule saying, I will accept a plural subject with a singular predicate. But I will check this in my list saying, oh, this is one of the bad ones. So if I produce, if students produce a rule, a sentence that I had to use this rule for, then I know it's not good. For Chinese, the very, the singular sentence, you don't have the same mistakes. Basically, you have all the types of mistakes, like using the popular ship before an adjective. You wouldn't use that, right? So this is a different kind of mal rule, but still a mal rule or a mal lexical entry, as we call it within our system. Okay? So here are some simple errors that the English system has actually implemented and is capable of checking for. And again, it's beyond the point going through them because what I want to convey is the measures behind it. What is an HPSG implemented grammar? It's slightly beyond the scope of this talk, but you have to believe me that they exist, right? They have been handwritten by linguists for decades. And for example, in the case of the English grammar, you have very high coverage, maybe like 90% for the whole English Wikipedia. And these grammars are basically lexical. They have a rich number of lexical with lots of features that they use unification to unify with rules and other lexical entries.  In this case, we use minimal recursion semantics, which is a very computer-friendly semantic representation. And it's actually this representation can be merged across languages. So we have used this for machine translation, semantic-based machine translation. This is what we use, MRS, minimal recursion semantics. So with this MRS, you can generate back sentences. And this is how we generated some of the answers that I just printed before. I didn't write them all down. So the extensions to what you need to have these grammars help you out. So you need to add these mild rules that I just told you about.  Let's further implement the grammar, allow these, and remember that these are wrong. And then unfortunately, we also need to do some reductions because language is too ambiguous. So in this case, for example, we might reduce some very ambiguous lexical entries for example to flower as a verb. They don't know this, fifth graders don't need to know that. So if I can control the lexicon, I also don't need to worry about all the ambiguous that it can actually have in English but that a fifth grader wouldn't know. So I can reduce my search base when I'm trying to get, there's multiple parses of course for many of these sentences, but I get less in this case. So does this really work? Yes, the example I was just talking about has been implemented in the US. Many, many, many thousands of kids in the US have been put through these systems and they get better scores at the end of their years. So this has been made into a startup company, but the core technology is all open source. So the grammar is open source and then you can use it for whatever you want and even the mild rules are open source, you can still use them for whatever you want. And similar projects started to appear. For example, for Norwegian, you have such a grammar that you can do the same thing and then Norwegians had the idea saying, well, if I'm helping other people learn Norwegian, maybe I want to give the feedback in multiple languages. So that's what they did. So they have, if you want to learn Norwegian, you can get the feedback in Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, whatever you want. They have maybe 20 plus languages that they give the feedback. But the problem is that language is too ambiguous still. So in the examples that you just saw, there are basically parse ranking algorithms that say, well, the most likely parse out of the ones that I have here is going to be this one and so I'm going to give the student a feedback message that is based on the guess that I thought he meant. Because as it turns out, even ungrammatical sentences are ambiguous. And this is where we come for. This is where our project is actually started from here. If you don't believe me that ungrammatical sentences are ambiguous, my question would be how would you correct the sentence on the top? That dog liked the cat happy. That is an ungrammatical sentence of English. This is the prototype what we promised to build for our project. And I could argue here that you can correct that sentence in many ways. And three of them are there basically. The creative system that exists would basically choose the most likely area made by students and that's fine. So as long as you're not the student and saying, that's not what I meant. I know how to say that. So what we promised to do is the following. So we used this machine translation technology which is a very high quality but hard to implement because it's mostly by hand. You can do some learning from the inference rules but what we want is high quality teaching quality precision. So what we promised is that we're going to use this semantic-based machine translation which we have between, for example, English and Japanese. And we're going to implement this for Chinese. And then when an English student or a Chinese student wants to try wants to learn the other language and the grammar knows that it's wrong instead of choosing the top the top most likely area that they made it's going to ask back in the original language. So in this case this is an example for Chinese native speakers learning English they just wrote that sentence. And the grammar in the system knows that something is wrong with it and instead of guessing which one it is it's going to give back in Chinese you have the glosses underneath saying there's something wrong with your sentence if you can help me tell me what you meant I can tell you exactly what your problem is. And in this case the student wants option C for example and then you can say okay so if you want object C you need to conjugate it first. Otherwise there will be other kinds of syntactic errors. So like the cat is a comparative it's completely different. So the dog like the cat is happy missing the copula and conjugation and conjugating the verb are two very very common mistakes from Chinese learners of English. So how does the system choose right now it chooses from likelihood and it gets right maybe 60-70% of the time they always correct something which may be helpful but as a language student myself if you get corrected by something you didn't mean it's very frustrating saying no I know how to say that I was trying to say something else. Okay so this is basically what I've said we're going to make this system that exists for English multilingual we do have a small grammar of Chinese not as large as the English grammar and our target audience is university students so right now we are teaming up with the Chinese teaching the department at NTU and we are making their courses the syllabus and the grammar constructions that they use the lexical that they learn we are mining all that into our grammar and grading it by you know by lessons so in the first lesson they learn 50 words in the 10th lesson they have learned maybe 500 words altogether. So with this basically we're also integrating these lexicals with wordnance because we have wordnance for all that and we would like to use wordnance to help with the machine translation so the pairwise semantic based machine translation I'm going to again gracefully skip but I can promise you that it exists it's not very popular for multiple reasons because if you want to apply it to very broad domains then you get a headache but to apply it to small domains like language teaching where you know exactly what you want to do it's much better because you get all the possible syntactic constructions given a meaning representation okay and at the same time the system that we build is going to be able to collate a very large learner corpus for Chinese learners at NTU that's going to be at the same time tree banked, sense banked, sense tagged and there is going to be a blended learning experience like experiment going on at NTU starting at the end of this year the power of semantic disambiguation this is just a little workflow of how the system would grow if you give a sentence and the system thinks there's nothing wrong with the sentence it looks grammatical and it again just pats you in the back and says move on to the next sentence but if something is wrong it will start this disambiguation process if there's no ambiguity then we'll just say okay the sentence is ungrammatical there's only one possible way of me to correct the sentence so we will just do it if there's many ways then again we'll pipe it through the machine translation algorithm and we'll ask again the student in their native language what did they meant and then after that we'll say okay if you meant that I can trace back the construction that I used to give you this translation so I know exactly what your problem was and the goal of this is to allow systems to not guess anymore basically but when you want to teach students you don't want high coverage 100% quality and not guessing so much we call it intelligent again because it's bilingual we'll have a very rich knowledge about the syntax and the semantics of both languages and we'll be able to help students correct their language skills this I've already said but basically to do this it requires knowing the curriculum very well so that is basically at the end of the point that we are right now that we know very well what is happening with the Chinese curriculum we know all the grammar structures and all the lexica that they have used in the early levels of Chinese so that we can strip down the grammar to that level basically and basically as I also mentioned before we are serving the not only NTU but we also want to make the tool more general so we also serve it for example for the official like the HSK the official Chinese examination and other textbooks that we don't use here because again the system is going to be open source it's going to be web based and if you say oh I'm using that textbook and I've been through lessons one to seven can you help me and then yes the system is going to be customizable that way saying by level saying by this textbook up to level seven after lesson seven sorry and the system will know how your Chinese is supposed to be and basically the evaluation we're doing against corpus that we are building ourselves and I mentioned before it's going to go it's going to go through a blended learning experience at NTU starting the end of this year Future work it involves a PhD that I'm actually applying for and will definitely meet so the concept will work we know it works we don't know if it scales too well for the language level because language gets more and more complicated then the implementation cost would be a little more troublesome so you need a little more time so as levels go up you need a little more time to get there but what I would also mostly like to work is on gamification and user modeling this system so yeah but the example I showed you was not very exciting and we saw just a very nice presentation just before me that games are cool right so if you can make this into something that the students actually get points for or fight with each other or for example team up within one classroom to go against the other classrooms or between NTUN and US for example see who learns Chinese the quickest I believe that in Singapore that would work very well and we have reasons to believe that and later on which is not on the agenda right now but I would like also to turn this into a standalone app meaning that we are developing and we only promise to do this that is a support for in classroom system so that the teacher knows exactly what is wrong with the student what construction are they failing what lexical units they have failed but there is nothing stopping us from making this for a full self-based app where you don't need a teacher anymore and in some cases that would be fun and basically this is what I just said I'm not going to summarize but my hope was that you thought that what I just presented is cool and I can promise you that it exists basically and what I have to acknowledge is that the MOE has given us a bit of money for the next two years to show that this is possible and if this is possible then more will come and basically that's it thank you for your time it's incredible fascinating work and thank you for the insight into the digital linguistic behind all of this I think it would be an excellent idea to do the app side of things because as far as Chinese is concerned and Singapore is concerned teaching if it's simplified it's as simple as downloading an app to get your children to just learn by themselves but it fuels your research that's going on in the back I think that would be amazing Singaporeans would love to download this though when you are speaking with language teachers this is where they draw the line in helping you so much so right now we to be able to work with language teachers they don't like to feel like the rule doesn't exist anymore and I do believe that even with an app the language teacher rule is still very important so I've talked nothing about speech because speech recognition yes you can use it, it's going to be great no okay so if you want to learn Chinese without native speakers telling you to do it again you're going to have a hard time but for some skills I believe that you don't need a person yes to some extent I would like to develop the app but we're also aware that to get the help from the teaching community we need to do things right with the right place there is no replacement for the email but computers can help we have a quick question sorry is there a way to keep up to date with this project? yes you can email me for example but so we don't have anything on github yet but it will be so we're basically developing a little bit in-house but again the technology both English and Chinese grammars are completely open source and we have made it very clear to MOE that we wanted it to maintain an open source so the project is funded to be open source at the end one last question not yet we're thinking about cool names to market it around but not yet it will be open source yes yeah last one okay so one of the things I turned a little bit on this future word so I talked about scaling up to different levels of Mandarin Chinese but I also have here that I want to include other languages languages I speak and I am interested beforehand which is Japanese and for which for example there is also grammar so adding Japanese would not be too troublesome because the amount of work that you have to extend it for the amount of rules and the lexicon you still have lots of work but at least there is such a parser for Japanese if you're talking about a new language this has actually been discussed as a nice way of making grammar engineering useful at very early stages of implementation right so if you do grammar engineering or you edit it you know that to get a nice coverage that people are actually interested in your work is a pain right because saying yes I can get some neural network to do some parsing or you know some probabilistic grammar to get me what I want so what is the benefit of starting a handmade computational grammar this could be one of those so we're working a group it's called Delfin and there's many people use the same technology to develop grammars that look the same that produce the same semantics and that can be very easily stringed in these kinds of pipelines so if you would you would want to do such a thing for minority language then join join Delfin for example started grammar for that language and you can very soon again the difference of size between the English grammar and the Chinese grammar is huge but regardless the Chinese grammar has maybe three years in development but is still sizable enough to do this very cool project so for Singlet then come to NTU where are you we can talk about that Singlet should be amazing though thank you again


Item number, SCP-552, Object Class, SAFE. Special Containment Procedures SCP-552 is to be contained in a room furnished as standard living quarters. All furniture is to be padded and bolted into place to prevent accidental collisions. Reading material may be provided at the subject's request, but any discussion of current events is to be censored. A screen is to play time-delayed security footage of the subject's containment facility to enable communication. The time delay should be updated once a week to keep pace with the subject's progressing condition. Revision of Special Containment Procedures SCP-552 is to be gagged and kept in full-body restraints to prevent self-harm. It is not to be stored in any facility containing other SCPs or transported through any populated areas. Description SCP-552 is a middle-aged human male. The subject's sensory systems display an anomalous temporal distortion. It cannot perceive its surroundings as they currently are, but only as they will be in the near future. SCP-552 is otherwise physically unremarkable. The subject's physical form can be interacted with normally, but its reactions to any interaction will have already occurred. It is fully cognizant of its condition and will sometimes attempt to time its reactions to interact normally with researchers. The subject's temporal distortion has grown more pronounced over time. When first secured by the Foundation in 19... It perceived events slightly under one second into the future. Within a year, the subject was noted responding to questions two seconds before they were asked. The temporal distortion has widened at an accelerating rate since then, reaching an 18-month gap after 10 years of containment. The subject's predictive capabilities are substantial, but not flawless. When a paradoxical situation is presented to SCP-552, in which researchers deliberately defy its predictions, it will experience memory loss regarding the predicted event. SCP-552 has requested the Foundation stop creating paradoxes in this manner as they cause the subject's severe migraines. The subject's premature reactions to alarms have proven a reliable forewarning of containment breaches, enabling a heightened level of readiness and minimized loss of life. Addendum 552-1 At 1245 on date expunged, SCP-552 became extremely agitated, spending 12 minutes thrashing and shouting at Dr. W... and Dr. W... though the former was not present, and no researcher by the latter name is in the Foundation's employ. During this period, it repeatedly insisted that it was fine and to get away from it. It then collapsed, stiffened, and continued making incoherent cries. Further communication proved impossible. Though analysis of the subject's physical condition revealed no changes, it remained incapable of anything more coherent than grunts and moans, and it either cannot or will not move its limbs from a stiffened position. It has remained in some variation of this state ever since. Temporal distortion at the time was estimated at 4 years, 2 months, and 12 days, suggesting that the subject is experiencing an event, starting on date expunged. Addendum 552-2 On date expunged, shortly before the predicted cause of the subject's incapacitation, it unstiffened and regained mobility in its limbs for the first time in 4 years. Shortly thereafter, the subject began screaming in apparent agony and frantically clawing at itself. After renewed attempts at communication proved fruitless, SCP-552 was physically restrained in a straitjacket and gag to prevent self-harm. The researchers present for this were, as expected, Dr. W. W. and the recently hired Dr. W. W. Since then, SCP-552 has continued attempting to scream and scrape off its own flesh without any kind of pause, including pauses for necessary functions such as eating or sleeping. It is believed that the subject's stiff phase was due to it experiencing being confined to a straitjacket 4 years before the straitjacket became necessary. It is unknown what experience is reflected by its sudden pain and impulse towards self-harm. Due to the possibility that it is reacting to a future anomalous event, possibly caused by a containment breach, it has been moved to Site 109, away from any other SCPs. Please be very careful to keep SCP-552 alive, at least until we figure out why he's screaming. If he dies in the next 6 to 10 years, I don't like the implications. Site Director, Prell. Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-551, Impossible Puzzle, right now. Or for the complete course, watch this playlist.


Here's a block that I don't know if anybody else is gonna share.  Hate umbrellas. It's heavy, it's big. If you want it to be useful, it's gonna be big. The small ones don't do anything anyway.  And then you're gonna leave it behind. You're gonna forget about it. I always forget the umbrella. And then if you have one of those small little ones that my wife has, but that's the fancy whatever, you're gonna break it because the closing mechanism isn't just the open and closed. It's got buttons and stuff. It hyper extends the umbrella. Where the wind blows and then it's like a horrible football injury where the guy's leg is going the wrong way. And it never recovers. And it never, you can fix it. It's not the same. The one thing can pop out of the fabric hole and then there's the leave behind. The amount of sunglasses and umbrellas I've left behind is staggering. And we're not even talking about when you poke people with it.   You're gonna get wet in here. It's not like the umbrella has saved the day. Okay, it probably has saved a few days, but. I mean, it's one of humanity's best events.


So, I have also received updates from a lot of participants even it is available in the questions tab. So, apparently the bulk upload of questions is actually possible in Moodle. So, really sorry that I had given this, I didn't know about this earlier. So, this is actually an evidence of actual practitioners giving me inputs regarding specific usage of tool. And this is why I am saying that I am also learning in this entire process. So, currently what we will do is we will restart the lab activity, but along with that there are few notifications regarding lab activity. So, the lab activity is that you will be continuing with the question collection and providing of answers. But there are some additional instructions for you regarding this particular lab activity. So, the activity is the same. You have started off with this activity and I believe you would have reached at least till pair. So, today you will have to complete the pair and solo phase individually consolidate all the answers in your own website as well. One guideline that I would give all the remote centers, it is always good to have a shared Google doc or a shared document where everyone is populating the answers that they are giving or the questions that they want to ask. So, if you structure it like that, it will be easier both for the RCC to consolidate all the queries and all the answers that have been posted. Regarding the comment issue in Parallet, I see that some of the users have deleted the post itself. So, it could be one reason, but I did not see any participant deleting a comment nor is any, nor did I see any, what do you say, updates saying that within the Parallet site saying that the comments will get deleted every day. So, there are no settings like that, the site is, whoever has the link will have access to the Parallet and so only if author deletes a comment, then only it gets deleted, otherwise the comment will still remain over there. I will be further exploring this, but till now, so I have not seen any queries that is being posted in the community where the comments, there is an issue cited as comments getting deleted. What I would additionally suggest is that when you create the page, questions asked, you can provide a comment feature within WordPress itself, so that other participants can comment on the questions. So, the pairs or the individual RCC participants who visit the RCC website, they will be able to answer the query in that page itself. And I also see that not all RCs have posted their WordPress web page, I would request all RCs to start posting their web pages, Padlet posts, do not worry if you see that as an anonymous, the name anonymous coming over here, you can log into Padlet and if you want a RC ID displayed, you can create a login within the Padlet. So, I will be doing lab assignment quizzes, so I just checked with the system team, they have advised me to release the lab assignment quiz tomorrow afternoon. So, we will be releasing the lab assignment quiz tomorrow at 12.30 pm and the due date is the Sunday that is 24th September at midnight. Please note that the lab assignment quiz will be based on the lab activity that you do across the week. There was also a question regarding lab activity due dates. The RCs can continue the lab activity till 24th September, so individual participants they can go through more remote, the questions posed by more remote centres and it is always advised that if somebody has already responded to some of the queries, choose a different RCs web page so that you can cover maximum RCs in this particular process. What we are going to do is whichever RC posts their web page, the WordPress web page in the Padlet, we will be adding all those RCs web page in our FDPICT WordPress web page. So this at the end of this week, we will consolidate all these WordPress web pages and we will be putting up this in our the FDP's WordPress web page. So, people who want and we will be clearly mentioning the most active RCs and others in that particular web page, we will be posting that as a blog post in our WordPress web page. Why should an RC do a lab activity? First and foremost, you will have this is actually a crowd sourcing activity to build the knowledge base about various tools. So technology is changing very rapidly and it is important that we keep abreast with all the changes. So it is important now for it is very difficult for one individual to explore all the features of a particular technology tool. So with constant practice, you will see lot of issues, lot of regular queries that are coming up, all these can get answered through such a crowd sourcing activity. Additionally, with an IIT Bombay, we have a system of rating RCs based on their performance. So currently we look at how active they are, what is their audio video quality and what is their attendance, all those things are being considered in the current rating. So what we are proposing is these crowd sourcing activity specifically in FDPs where RCs contribute to the knowledge base, we will look at RCs contribution and add a particular portion, a maximum of two rating points will be added to the RC. So if an RC as a whole provides more than 50 answers, then you will get two rating points. There are more than 25 answers coming from an RC, but it is less than 50, we will get we will add one rating point. Between 10 and 25, you will get 0.5 rating point, this is because typically in an RC the strength varies from 3 to 4 participants to more than 100 participants. So even the lower attending RCs can get a lot by such an activity. So whenever the RC rating increases and let us say it is being put as a collaboration component. So when the next time the FDP comes in, we will definitely be giving you more weightage because we know that as an RC you contribute to the knowledge base, you participate in collaborative activities more than and which is visible from your answers and your participation. So little bit about open education resource activity in this particular FDP. So the open education resource or OER creation activity is the final group project in this particular FDP. This will be released, the videos for this will be released in week 3 that is 28th September and what is going to happen is over a period of 2 to 3 weeks, a group of people would be coming together and creating an open educational resource. So a group means it will be a team, so we will consider that as a team and ideally the team should be formed within a cohort. So you have each of the participant within the FDP is put into different cohorts. So look into the members from the same cohort can form a team. A team will have not more than 3 members. So once the team is being created then they will then look into creation of an open educational resource which could be what is meant by an open educational resource. Any resource like a flip classroom lesson design or a modal course or a video or screen cast for a view usage in vernacular language or any resource that can be used by academic community which is in creative commons. Those resources we call them as open educational resources. A detailed email will be sent to the mentors and mentees by 21st September. All your mentors had undergone this OER creation activity last year. So they will have more information and they will have more clarification regarding this entire OER process. The A-view interactions of mentors and mentees in this particular FDP will start from 21st September. The slots will be updated shortly and we are going to provide three interaction slots. So the mentor and mentee can decide convenience slots and we are just requesting you to do at least one interaction with your mentor. So out of these three even if you attend one interaction with your mentee and clarify your doubts that is good enough. So we are providing three convenience slots. Now there were issues there were some issues in the previous FDP where people said that the mentor was not present for more amount of time. So what we are suggesting is the mentor and mentees can through email or some other let us say the mentors can create a Google survey form once the slots are released and then they can pick convenience slots in within these three where they will interact with the mentee.  So let us say a group of mentees are available and A-view is not it is they are unable to come into the scheduled A-view slot. So they can choose other mechanisms in discussion with the mentor. So let us say if they say that we will interact through email even that is fine. So you can all email your mentor and clarify your doubts but having that physical presence would add much more will give you more clarity. So we recommend that you try to attend one of the A-view interaction slots if A-view is not possible you can decide on appropriate video interaction tools like skype or Google Hangouts whichever is convenient for both of you. So this decision is has to be taken by both the mentor and the mentee. From our side we are providing this slot system just like what we did last time unfortunately since it is very difficult to handle the logistics it has to be a forced continuous slot system we cannot have too much of a flexibility in changing the slots however please note that you need to do only at least one interaction out of the three slots that we provide you. So all of you can continue with the lab activity where you will what I will do is I will share this slide now through to you in the padlet. So I will upload this particular slide in padlet so that all of you can download it from there. I am just uploading the slides in the padlet right now okay the instructions have been uploaded in padlet. Now the pairing of OER that is a separate activity do not confuse it with the lab activity OER creation activity is the team project in this particular FDP a team is actually a cohort. So like now in the lab activity the team was the entire RC so similarly the virtual team that we have are the cohorts. So within your cohort you will have to find two other members and decide on working on a single project so a detailed email will be sent to all participants and the mentors regarding guidelines of OER team formation. So over the period of the next one and a half week you can think about the team formation and decide on the type of OERs that you want to create as a team the OER creation videos the guidelines on OER creation will come in the third week of this particular course which starts on 28th September. The padlet link is the same that you had yesterday just paste the link of the padlet in the chat. So it is put as a lab session 2 the PDF has been put as lab session 2 so it is available over here. So I see that lot of people are posting lot of so the RC idea I have updated as RC 1000 IIT Bombay slides for lab session day 2. So if you actually look into the padlet right now you can see that I have posted it as RC 1000 IIT Bombay slides for lab session day 2. So here I have given the instruction you will have to continue with the pair and solo phase of lab activity given yesterday and the mentor mentee slots will start from Thursday. OER creation activity is a team project form teams within a cohort the detailed instructions will be sent to you. So a separate email will come to you both mentors and mentees where we will from the core support where we will give specific instructions on how to form a team and how to create an OER. So I will just answer two queries from so I am going into the questions tab where you had posted lot of queries I will just answer the top five queries over here. Screen custommatic allows video recording of 15 minutes only what are other options to increase recording time this is from RC 1059. There are no other free options for increasing time you have to go for their paid plan. Anna University of Technology Madurai what is the necessity of private file uploads so this was asked today morning. Okay there is a question that NMIMS from Shirpur sir don't you think that merely taking the poll would not give a clear picture of understanding of concept as answer chosen might just be a guess it would be better to ask for justification as well as for choice. So yes polls do not actually reflect conceptual understanding but if the questions are designed in such a way that the concepts are discussed then you go for the peer discussion and allow for changing of options in the revolt then you will come to know whether they have got the correct conceptual understanding. So polls also as a strategy has to be used very carefully so if polls are used along with peer instruction then it will give you more clarity on whether the students are conceptually strong. There is another question is it mandatory to create a videos in vernacular language no need not but however if you are if there is a large proportion of students from vernacular language it is always better that you give it in vernacular language first so that students will understand. So there is a question how padlet is different from a discussion forum. So more or less it's like a more interactive discussion forum but over here you have additional facilities of uploading media and files and you can take a dump of the padlet so if you are an owner then you can take a dump of it and export it into a pdf or a excel or in csv format lot of functionalities are available within padlet unlike a traditional discussion forum. There is a question from 1088 in this fdp we have learnt about flip classroom approach active learning strategies, significance of collaboration and peer review assessment all these concepts can make the teaching learning process more effective and enjoyable. So my concern is is it possible to frame a policy decision by apex body like mhrd to incorporate educational technology in teaching learning mandatory to achieve educational revolution within India. Now yes it is possible and I think mhrd and aict are bringing in so all these efforts so why aict is supporting an fdp like this is because so that more amount more number of teachers would be trained in it. Before creating any policy it is important that the policy is understood and is actually realizable. Now we have around close to 3 and a half lakh teachers within higher education itself unless and until all these teachers get a basic training it will be difficult for the apex body to say that all these technologies need to be mandatorily incorporated or give directions to institutes saying that you need to incorporate better educational technology practices but I think in nbi accreditation and other things they are having certain points for innovative teaching learning practices and use of technology collaboration the community building etc. So they are at this is one of those strategies that they are using and it is actually a multi pronged approach comments regarding padlet. So are there any criteria to select correct strategy just see what the strategy is able to do and align it to the objectives what you want to achieve and build the strategy actually help in achieving it that is all other than that there are no fixed criteria and also the time duration might be an important metric that you want to additionally think about. So RC 1173 the Agrager College has asked in the RC WordPress site answers provided page what contents we need to add there is some more confusion regarding that. So the answers provided so the WordPress web page is about your RC and the answers provided by your RC. So all the participants within the RC if they have provided answers to multiple RCs questions then you should all consolidate that and post the answers in that particular page answers provided page. So you can do classification like for the questions posted by RC 1103 the following answers were provided for the questions provided by posted by some other RC these solutions were provided. So you can do a classification it is strictly up to you what I would recommend is that you share a Google Drive or a Google document with each participant and try to consolidate all the answers that are being provided across the week. What are the activities to be performed in Moodle yeah it see any technology or any activity make sure that it has the features or the affordances that are required to achieve a learning objective. So there aren't any hard and fast rule any activity or technology that can help you in achieving learning objectives please select those and go ahead and make sure that it is the technology or strategy is viable within your operating context. So if students are do not have internet connection giving lot of activities in the internet may not be a feasible idea or else you will have to make alternative arrangements where they are given a lab session within your college ok. So there is a question that RB is supposed to log out from the classroom and proceed to lab yes please go ahead I am just giving clarification if one of you want to stay and note down all the clarification that I am providing do that. So that would be a better strategy. So people who are having labs in separate rooms please go ahead to the lab and continue with the lab activity we will be binding down the sessions in another 5 minutes once I answer most of the questions that are coming in the questions tab. So there is a question for OER is it necessary to have members from same RC it is not required so ideally select it from the same cohort the only limitation that we are putting is that select from same cohort have similar interest so when you create educational resources it is always convenient if you both of you have shared interest. So if you are from the same domain it would help you to create an educational resource for the domain or if you want a generic open educational resource then feel free to collaborate with the others. A detailed instruction on this will be sent via email tomorrow please do not worry regarding open educational resource team formation and other things both the mentors and mentees will be sent an email from core support giving you exact clarity on OER team formation. So there is a question we use clicker app for active learning assignment how can we configure clicker app in android mobile is there any guideline doc to set up clicker please share with us really depends on which kind of clickers you are using but if any remote center are extensively using ok this question is from RC1057 I am not really aware of any separate guideline document but wherever you have purchased the clickers if you can see whether they have a user manual or a document that would be the best way to go about it clicker in mobiles so there is another app called clickers PLICKERS it would be worthwhile investigating how that works that is also doable in mobile ok. So there is a very practical question that has been raised by VNIT Nagpur. So the question is for RCI in FTP101x there is a possibility that the websites may get updated over a period of time and the reviewers review may not actually reflect on the reviewer might have reflect reviewed on the basis of some earlier version of the website and the participant would have modified the website at a later point of time yes this is a very valid review this is a very valid question we will definitely look into this aspect of it and maybe we will try to look at some mechanism through which we will be able to access the site updates and other things so we can always ask the users to provide us with the site updates for the WordPress the site update blogs which will have a more information on when the site was updated but we will definitely look into the various ways in which this is actually implemented so as of now the mentors are actually in the process of reviewing these queries so once the mentors provide us the consolidated review then we will take a call on the changes and other things so yes this is a valid question we will definitely try to address it in a more systematic manner. So this is from RC1148 what all help we may receive through mentors is there any responsibility manual this is a wonderful idea the responsibility manual so what we will do is before the interaction that is happening I think even the mentors so the mentors have also been asking us to give guideline manuals so what we will do is we will put up all these instructions for FDP201x and share to you by this Thursday where we will clearly define the roles of mentors particularly in this particular FDP we will look at what each mentor can give and the ways in which they can address the queries and clarifications most of the other queries that have been posted in the questions tab I think I have addressed okay Walchand Institute can you provide videos or materials so that resource creation will be more easy example quiz on Moodle okay so while at least representative sample we will try to provide some videos and resources I will also share the previous doc the top performers website that people can look in when they want to have when they have a doubt regarding specific open educational resource so we will have a list of wordpress websites that participants can go and look at and since most of the top performers have done a variety of open educational resources last time we will have a lot of these documents that will be available in their wordpress website so I think I have answered most of the queries because I see a lot of greens here at the bottom so in case there are more queries please post those in padlet what I will do is I will everyday I will be coming online in padlet for one hour so this is something on as office hours so tomorrow between 2 and 3 p.m. I will come online in padlet and I will create a post where I will say office hours so what you can do is I will be creating a post called office hours so you can come come on that and you can ask all your queries or I think a better idea is I will create a specific padlet for office hours I think that is better rather than coming to the same padlet so I will create a new padlet for office hours and that link will be shared to everyone via email tomorrow morning so once this padlet is created you and tomorrow I will be available over there between 2 and 3 p.m. so you can post your queries in this padlet which has not been addressed till now in this padlet and I will answer each of your queries so if I will be logging in using my personal login so you can see my name along with the answers and other comments so in case people want to explore padlet in mobile so there is a mobile app for padlet people who have android mobile phones just go to your play store and search padlet so what I am going to do is so just see this particular so in the Google play store you will see this particular app so essentially the essentially the idea is I will be creating a new padlet for office hours through my mobile so that between 2 and 3 we can interact all the queries I will be able to address in the padlet web page so I will be creating a new padlet and I will be sharing the office hours padlet to all of you via email today itself I will be sending out a mass email from course support okay so institutes who are having queries please note that we will be updating all these instructions in an email and we will be sending to all of you so you can all continue doing the lab activity the lab assignment quiz will be released tomorrow afternoon the lab activities you can continue doing till this sunday the lab assignment quiz will also have a duration till this sunday so that's it from IT Bombay for this synchronous interaction we hope that you would have got an idea about active learning and how tools can be used effectively for leveraging teaching learning process over the coming weeks you will be doing lot of these flip classroom activity design using active learning strategies and there will also be the larger open educational resource creation activity which will start from week 3 we do understand that there is a tremendous workload for many of the teachers during this time so we will be definitely considering at least for open educational resource we will definitely consider to extend the deadline a little more so maybe we may give around 10 to 12 days for creation of the open educational resource and another 10 to 12 days for review of the open educational resource so please do not worry about deadlines or other activities and regarding certificate of FDP 101 once both the FDPs are over the certificates will be dispatched from IT Bombay to all the participants so if suppose a participant completed FDP 1 over next and was unable to complete FDP 2 over next do not worry you will get the certificate for FDP 101 next so a big thanks to the video team and the workshop team who have been helping me out in the entire two days interaction also thank professor Fatah, Dr. Sameer, process Anamurthy and process Sridharayar who gave us valuable insights regarding the active learning process and I thank all the participants all the individuals who have turned up during this weekend without whom this interaction would not have been possible so thank you all one thank you one and all from my heart and that is it from IIT Bombay bye for now thank you


It's finally ready clearly. I had put out a video what? little over a week ago, I think detailing Why this got hung up and as it turns out that was wrong as well because Yeah, I I don't know I went to start recording this and It it This ain't problem. I don't know how it got fixed before and then came back, but I wound up eventually tracing it down to Let's just say complications with FAA D So I'm gonna get this out of the way just because I need to say this because this approach is Literally only being used here for this File system as a database or FAA D is a niche object persistence approach You overwhelmingly want to use some type of database system whether a relational database manager or an object oriented database manager or a unstructured database manager like key value stores or The so-called no sequel databases Your document databases This is a niche thing and literally only being used here to reduce the dependencies on the project This is to demonstrate How to use stringier for basic input validation and is not to be taken as a guideline for how to properly persist data Now that that's out of the way, let me explain what we've got here This is going to be a simple crud Interface to an employee registry that is create read update and delete or as I've named them here And not in that same order necessarily Add list remove an update The program itself is just a loop over this It keeps asking for these and you'll see how that works This is non-standard that these functions are not in the CLR despite especially here looking like they are these come from This if you're interested in what that project is I'll have a link down in the video description But that's not really that important. Just know that that this provides the main menu that you'll see and Actually, let me show that off real quick. So you know what I'm talking about You have this here If we go to list nothing's been added yet. I didn't start this off with anything. So there's just nothing there And there's nothing to do at this point I'm just gonna explain a little bit more but you have an idea of what that is You know have the implementation of these methods of these and And This is going to be working just with the employee object. It's Persisting and modifying them Inside of here is mostly just the stuff for describing the employee and doing the object persistence in a more serious scenario this You might not have these things here It would depend on how your object persistence framework works My understanding is those are normally in a different class But back to this Let's actually add an employee so I'm gonna do myself and We'll say I'm a programmer Sex is bail and my birthday now we can go and list and Just to show you that this persistence is working I close that we'll start it back up We can list again and you can see that record is still there updating and we'll get to the problem and why you want to do validation in just a moment, but We'll do sex is and I don't know I got a sex change to attack helicopter This is so cramped that you can't really see but it's And I can tell you just from experience. This is an argument exception because you're trying to assign a Value that just doesn't make sense. It's not part of the enumeration to type To a field of that enumeration type and then just it doesn't make any sense in a more serious like You actually have this running in a business Especially given how remote is being More of a thing. This is increasingly important But normally what would happen is you send this data from your client machine off to wherever the database server is It winds up Dealing with that exception sends back to you that I couldn't do that for Whatever reason depending on the system you've got you'll get a different error message But you wind up with that entire round trip That takes up network time that takes up network bandwidth Which in certain businesses especially or certain regions of the world can be a premium and Ideally, you'd like to catch as many of these errors as possible on the client Before ever sending them off to the server that is if you know the data is definitely bad Don't send it off. That's where input validation comes in and To be fair, it's not like stringier introduces this and it hasn't happened before The typical way you would accomplish this is with regex This is just an example of how to do the same kind of thing with stringier if you're interested in that for performance reasons Or you already have the patterns defined or whatever So we're going to want to We'll deal with the sex first. This also happens with the birth date The name and the title are just single strings The name is not split up if you know much about globalization You know that you do not want to split that up because global names are complicated Leave that as a single string, but this does happen with the sex and The and the birth date. So what we're going to want to do is add a pattern for sex and We're gonna need to put that in a few places. So let's just do that here This can be static Sex pattern and this can just be male or Female Right makes sense If you are familiar at all with parser combinators, you'll know that most parser Combinator libraries require you to actually like wrap these individual strings up because so literal is not a function Stringer is purely declarative. So you don't have to mess around with that, which is really convenient This is oh you Let me run this as is and I can show you a potential pitfall Actually, that won't show you the pitfall at all is when the end. Yeah, so Ideally you want these to be case insensitive because we're not talking about parsing like a programming language They like C sharp which this is written in Normal language isn't case sensitive. So you will want to Assign these a specific comparison type and you can do that with with case insensitive And then again for this one and now both of these comparisons will be done without regards to case Useful I am looking into a syntactic sugar for that by the way Some way of declaring that there's a set of possible options with one common comparison type because I Understand this can be a little bit tedious to write out Currently that's how it would be done, but these are meant to be composed in most cases So you'd still only declare one time for each Now we need to add this validation Let's do it for the update first and we'll just keep going incrementally so the update sex We get that string and then we do the enum parse to bring it into the actual enumeration type So you're gonna want to do the validation in between there. So we'll have If and then we called that sex pattern Can consume That yeah, that's fine So if that works Then obviously you can do the enum parse. This would basically be something that's happening on the actual server the remote server So this would be like your Actual sequel statement that goes off to the server to say update this record within this table This would normally be a very expensive operation obviously for the specific example It's not but normally this would be where you're send off and then if that doesn't work If that fails to validate I would say you would want to prompt again So what we'll do is console right line Write out the error So we'll get the error message and then we want to prompt again So easiest way to do this with out Possibly causing a stack issue later on would just be a go to now We run this that record is still there. So we're going to Give me a sex change to attack Hello Okay So now that error was caught on the client side and prompted for a correct value again Knowing that if you were to send it off to the server that it would Guaranteed not work and it would have to come back wasting a whole round trip Wasting time using up network bandwidth. We can say hey I'm a female now. I guess and we can list The employees and we've got female Okay, now let's change that back. Oh, I just removed it instead. Oops either way though You can see that if we do a new one We're gonna say programmer again, but we're gonna say attack off the door here as well and You get it's cramped again, but you get the exact same issue and that's because inside of this one we have we get the The string for their input for the sex and then Here where we're constructing the new employee object That's where we have the enum parse that fails. So immediately after this is where we should be doing the validation and conveniently since these are Already defined we can just more or less copy this entire approach Let's say sex prompt Sex uh, we don't need to do anything if This passes Because we're gonna do something with all of it if it passes at the very end So instead this is going to be if it fails to consume fails to parse we're Might as well just copy that error message actually Along with the go-to and we can prompt for that again you will want to do the same thing with the birth date and you may notice that I've been putting the birth date in an ISO format Despite getting it out here in my local format Quit out of this and I'll show you that when we go to list employees You can see the birth date doesn't have anything about the culture specified so it's always going to work on the local culture and When it comes to this I believe This will actually work with any birth date string that it recognizes Let me try this real quick update employee Change my birth date and we're gonna use the local format which is Okay, so it works either way Let's say for whatever reason like a database limitation you have to Use ISO birth date format This is sort of a good idea anyways just because you wind up with some potential confusion Especially if you're like an international company depending on what the Certain dates get really confusing like let's say my birth date was a week earlier on April 6th of 1990 6 for 1990 is also a valid date and depending on what part of the world you're in is The normal format for that date most of you especially with your European You know the kind of problems I'm talking about so let's Let's just add in some validation that requires it to be an ISO date This also helps deal with the round-trip problem in case it's not a valid date format So we're going to do Birth date pattern And In this instance, let's make sure yes, I am okay so birth date You have one or two digits for the Well, no because ISO is the year first. So you're going to have four digits there This is then going to be followed by and a posture or not a hyphen Because that's what the ISO dates If you're following the standard very strictly, that's what the ISO dates work use and Then you have So you're gonna have one or two digits I Do have as a feature Request that I need to implement Two versions from the current The ability to use ranges here so that this would be a little bit easier to write in The future you'll be able to just do one to two Inside the repeat and this will work but for now What you're gonna have to do is then and a decimal digit number and then Maybe a decimal digit number then we're going to have another hyphen and This whole thing again Obviously in this instance a little bit easier to write with regex. I'll give back to that After and show you a neat and useful trick that stringier supports for situations like this where regex is Really actually easier to write In most cases I find that this typically doesn't show up where there's not a huge difference between the overall syntax but obviously with something like decimal digit number versus the backslash D that regex uses One of these is obviously a bit easier to write And I've taken a much more collaborative approach when it comes to resolving these kinds of things So you can inject Regex as part of a pattern We want the update one, so let's not forget that we've got update birth date and date Would help if I could spell Date and we're going to do the same pattern for the validation up here Where you can have that and then if not it's not able to parse We'll write the error and prompt for the birth date So I can go ahead and remove My record I'll show off adding it and we'll do the date like before Okay, so it's saying that it expects an ISO date format, which my birth date in ISO would be that Which failed? Oh and that binding got broken. So let's Why? Did times I'm an idiot add the record I Programmer Mail and we use the local date format Which of course doesn't work we use the ISO date format Which does work and let's make sure that it got through correctly, which it did Okay now I was gonna show how you can actually use regex as part of this if You wind up in a situation like this where it's something I haven't gotten around to optimizing the syntax Wonderfully it's not quite there yet with this one. So Construct your regex like normal We need to include the appropriate Name space however Construct your regex like normal Just make sure that it is anchored to the very beginning and that's because how the adapter works The reason why the parser call is called consume with stringier is because there's an actual source object and The calls to the parser always consume characters within that so it's always advancing your position Often called consuming the source Because it always starts at the current position In order for regex to work with this approach you always has to be anchored at the start It is validated. If you try to use the adapter without the anchor It will throw an exception when the object is initialized stating exactly what I just described Just Explaining now that that is a thing you'll need to be aware of We can go and I'll use this just because No from experience. This is slightly faster and we know that you're only going to have Arabic numerals This is always going to be four and then we have a hyphen we've got zero through nine and we've got one or two and Then we can end that off that will pass it through the adapter doing all the validation and Nothing needs to change otherwise We can run this and an employee Hopefully I remove the last one because otherwise we will get an exception But I'm pretty sure I remembered to do that We'll do a local date format which should not pass and of course it doesn't ISO date format Which works just fine and good that's more or less it for this one It's fairly basic, but input validation is a basic task. There's not a lot of complexities behind it If you have any ideas for more stuff I can apply this to Definitely Suggest that down in the comments and I will get around to creating that video I will have a little link to the repo where these sources are located if you're interested in playing around with this such as Adding new fields to the employee and then testing out validation on those new fields. You will be able to do that That's part of the reason why I made sure that this doesn't use a database is so that it's easy to do that so that you don't have a Dependency on having a specific library already installed to you that you can access that database. This just works on everything everything What else to say for this one, so I'm just gonna wrap it up. Have a good one guys


Alright, so most people, when they head out to run for a run, they typically end up running more or less the same pace all the time. What's an easy run? What's a hard run? Well, all the runs are kind of medium intensity kind of thing. That's what a lot of people do. And today I want to explain to you why multi-paced training, meaning training at different intensities at different times is a good idea. If we are to look at elite athletes, runners, from short distance to high distance, specifically speaking of maybe marathon runners or half marathon runners, we notice a pattern in terms of their training. And that is that most of their training, as in probably 80% of their training, is done at an easy intensity. And easy intensity, of course, can mean different things. But essentially, if we're talking about heart rate, we're talking about something like 65, even as low as 60% of max heart rate, up to about 75 or 80% of max heart rate. So it's a sort of an intensity where you can maintain a conversation easily. The talk test, right? Are you able to talk? Or are you breathing too intensely to be able to talk? As long as you're able to talk, you're in that easy zone. The benefits of the easy zone are plentiful. You're getting a lot of different adaptions. We're not going to get into all the different adaptions today, but things are happening in your muscles. Things are happening with your heart, your cardiovascular system. Things are going on.  You're taking it easy, though. That, depending on how much you run total, but that should probably sort of be most of your training. Most of your running should be easy. And most people don't know what easy is. They head out for an easy run and they end up running way too hard. And that's one of the benefits of having a heart rate monitor. Not because people think, oh, you have a heart monitor because you're running hard on the track, et cetera. Yeah, they're good for that. But they're also good for your average runner just heading out for an easy run to be able to look at the watch and be like, oh, I'm working too hard now. I need to back off. I want to keep in this type of intensity range. Now, that's your easy running. And that should form the basis, the foundation of your training, and should be most of your time spent doing that. Just time on legs, just easy aerobic time. If you only did that, though, if you only did easy runs, sure, you would build up a lot of tolerance in your legs for a lot of distance. LSD, they call it long, slow distance. You would be able to tolerate a lot of distance. And you might, if you have a really high volume of training, say you train like 10 hours per week or even 20 at this low intensity, oh, you're going to get a lot of gains for sure. Even just at an easy intensity, you're going to have a lot of great adaptions in terms of running. But you're not going to reach your potential. To reach your potential, you also need some higher intensity training, higher speed training. And as we move into higher intensity training, there's really three different levels. There's your lactate threshold type of intensity pace. There's your VO2 max intensity pace.  You're almost sprinting. And there are different benefits to all of them. And they should form a very small part of your overall training. Yet they are important. If we are to listen to Jack Daniels, the running coach, he says that your lactate threshold type training should form about 10% or no more than 10% of your total weekly distance. So if you're running 50 kilometers a week, you can run five kilometers of lactate threshold training in a single session. VO2 max training, he says 8%. Only 8% of your total weekly distance should be VO2 max training. And last but not least, he says about 5% of your weekly training should be speed training in a single session. But then again, different people have different tolerances to how many sessions they can do per week. And if you have a lactate threshold session, a VO2 max session, a speed session, and a long run, that's probably too much for a week. But it depends on your fitness.  You're working hard. You're working hard, but you can maintain it for a while. VO2 max, that's your max aerobic capacity. That's like 800 meter reps at the track, right? Maybe 1000 meter reps, 1200 meter reps for some people. Maybe as low as 400 meter reps for other people. It depends again on your capacity and your total weekly training distance. But VO2 max is your max aerobic capacity and it's hard. It's really painful. It's hard. And you'll do intervals of maybe, you know, two to five minutes and then you'll have a break and then you do it again. All of these higher intensities are usually best done as an interval session where you have work and then rest and work and rest. Whereas the easy intensity is all about just being out there for a long time. You don't have to do breaks or anything like that. And your long runs, of course, you're out there for a long time at an easy intensity. It's a continuous effort. And last but not least, so the VO2 max is a tough, tough effort. Corresponds to about maybe 95 to 100% of your max heart rate.  Max heart rate is not important because you're essentially not going long enough to build up to a max heart rate. It's just a short burst. It could be as little as 100 meters, you know, 10 seconds. Well, if you run 100 meters in 10 seconds, you're in the world, you're very high level. So it's not 10 seconds, but more like maybe, you know, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 40 seconds, maybe even up to a minute could be considered that speed component. We're talking mile race pace. The fastest speed you could maintain for a mile. And the benefits of that, just quickly, the benefits of that speed training is leg speed, leg strength, running economy, working on your muscular system and activating those fast switch muscle fibers, et cetera. And the VO2 max training is mostly focused on your aerobic system and your heart and your stroke volume and these kind of things and the options in the cells as well. And then there's the lactate threshold training, which is about improving your lactate threshold, your ability to tolerate lactate, so to speak, and run at a high intensity without accumulating too much lactate. And then the easy intensity running is just sort of the bread and butter, so to speak, of your training. It's the groundwork.  So let's sum it up. We've got four different types of training. There's easy, lactate threshold, VO2 max, and speed. We could also call them aerobic conditioning and aerobic conditioning, aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity. Those are the four types of speeds and intensities you want to include in your training. And by working hard on some days, having a workout, and really easy on other days, you're maintaining that hard, easy principle and you're able to recover well between workouts and really hit it hard when it counts. Rather than running at an moderate intensity all the time and ending up not training hard enough for those high-end adaptions, yet training too hard to be able to fully recover and maintain a large volume of training. So having that easy, hard balance and, you know, getting those different paces in over the course of a training cycle is really key if you want to maximize your potential. Of course, you've got to be careful when you're introducing new type of training. You know, introduce it slowly over time, get used to it. And if you're interested in my advice, you could always contact me. You could just go to our Facebook page at the Loan Trail on Facebook and you can send me a message there and you can ask me a question or maybe we could set up a coaching session via Skype. I'd be happy to help you out, you know, and even building a training plan for you if you're interested in incorporating some of these higher paces into your training. They're certainly worth it. Thanks for watching. Subscribe if you haven't done so already. I hope you like these videos. I'll see you around in the next one.


The Jaguars are just two games away from landing Clemson quarterback Trevor Lawrence as their future franchise quarterback. The question is, if the Jaguars were to continue to lose and have that pick, or maybe even if the Jaguars were to pick up just one more victory and the Jets continue to lose, what would happen with Trevor Lawrence? What would be the best option for Trevor Lawrence in his NFL career? I just want to say I'm excited. If this stands that the Jaguars are going to draft Trevor Lawrence, I'm excited. I really am. Just a better organization than the Jets couldn't imagine a much better opportunity and position for a team that's kind of sort of in the bottom, but maybe just one, two, three, yeah maybe four pieces away from being a good winning organization, but quarterback is one of those pieces and Trevor Lawrence getting a once in a lifetime generational player. People comparing him to someone like Andrew Luck, the best prospect to come out since Andrew Luck. This is huge for the Jacksonville Jaguars and I think it's huge for Trevor Lawrence in his NFL career as well. Before we get much more in depth on the exact pieces that the Jaguars have, let's talk about the scenario of if Trevor Lawrence went to the New York Jets, what could happen? A lot of people were saying that maybe Trevor Lawrence needs to pull what Eli Manning did with the San Diego Chargers, say hey I don't want to be part of this organization. I feel like I could win more with this organization right over here. Trade me, trade me away or I'm going to sit out or whatever it may be. Yes, it may be a little bit of a douchey move on the part of Trevor Lawrence and his agent and everything else in between, but I feel like that that would have been the best opportunity is for Trevor Lawrence to become a Jacksonville Jaguar and it's becoming more and more realistic of that happening. Doug Marone, who could be the next head coach for Trevor Lawrence. This is what he said on losing on purpose so that he can land Trevor Lawrence as their quarterback. That's right. The media loves to ask some interesting questions just against out of the mind of these coaches and players. This is what Doug Marone had to say on losing on purpose. I wouldn't do that. I couldn't do it. I just wouldn't. I've never done that with anything in my life. Hey, have you ever done that? I had trouble letting my kids win when they were little.  That's a side story. That's a different topic. But Doug Marone, not letting his kids win, says that he just wants to win and he doesn't like to lose. I don't think any coach or any player when they play a game has a mentality of thinking of the future and thinking, oh, we have to lose this game. We have to lose for the sake of the Jaguars organization. No, they don't care. All they care about is themselves. They care about being on that team. They care about winning. They care about performing well so they can stay with that team and provide a living for themselves and their family. That's it. That's just how it is. So the Jaguars are going to play their best against Chicago. And then the following week, the Jaguars are going to play their best against the Indianapolis Colts. They don't care about losing. No one cares, except the front office. The front office, including Shotcon and the other front office staff, and I feel like that's the same thing with the Jacksonville Jaguars and with the New York Jets. The Jets doing the most Jets thing that they could possibly do and win at the wrong time. And Trevor Lawrence, more than likely, I believe I read it was something around 60%, 65% chance that the Jaguars hold on to the number one overall pick. Just because of that one win, because of that one win against the Rams. The Jaguars are the best option for Lawrence. The Jaguars moved on from Fournette, but they found a backup and a replacement in James Robinson. Talking about another guy with attitude problems at the running back position, compare that to New York Jets releasing Levy on Bell. But however, they don't find a replacement for the running back position. No one really stepped up. That says a lot about the organization in itself. The Jaguars have better receivers, DJ Chark, D.D. Westbrook who tours ACL, hopefully he's going to recover by the start of next season. Keelan Cole, LaVisca Chanel, Versus Jameson Crowder, Broushott Perriman, Denzel Mims. Out of those opportunities, out of those receivers, out of that offense, kind of like the Jaguars being the best spot for Lawrence. However he ends up with, he needs a new head coach with that question. A lot of rebuilding is going to be happening within these organizations. A lot of rebuilding is going to be happening and you guys that are into playing Madden in franchise mode, and if it goes to the Jaguars, you guys are going to hop on the Jaguars and play franchise mode for sure. But it all starts with Trevor Lawrence as the quarterback. But leave your thoughts. Who do you guys feel like is going to draft? Lawrence. Will it be the Jaguars? Will it be the Jets?