This is covering the spread part of the Fandall podcast network The Denver Nuggets your 2023 NBA champions with their win over the Miami Heat in game number five and Potentially another champion tonight in the NHL and another champion coming up on Sunday The u.s. Open and PGA is coming up It is at Los Angeles Country Club our job for today is to break down that event by talking to Brandon Ghadoula getting his favorite bets over at Fandall sportsbook to get you ready for it should be another fun event This is covering the spread right here on the Fandall podcast network and number fire calm My name is Jim sauna. So I am a senior writer and analyst for a number fire Joined here as mentioned by Brandon Ghadoula check about on Twitter at Ghadoula 13 He is the senior managing editor of number fire calm Brandon the NBA finals have wrapped up No more Sims for you to run there But we gotten any more progress into convincing you to talk WNBA on the show instead Sometimes it's good to keep things more as hobbies than work So you have to do a little bit more more convincing there. I could not disagree more I have no hobbies that do not correlate to my work because I'm a boring human Just because I enjoy my work primarily that's the main driver there any final thoughts for you on the NBA finals based on What we saw across those five thrilling games Yeah, the nuggets are a very good team Miami I Don't know if Jimmy Butler just got worn out or what but he refused to shoot the ball in game five was very very frustrating I Know Jeff Van Gundy was talking about it during the broadcast put a lot of pressure on the role players to just sort of create shots I also kind of think that Miami's Offensive schemes just didn't really lead to a whole lot. So I mean congrats to the nuggets. They deserve to win You know it was fun to track Miami But it's one of the situations where sometimes the underdog story is fun to root for until it's not And then it's like maybe if we had like Boston or Philly or you know another team to give Denver a run That could have been cool, but you know, it is what it is and we're under next season Yeah, the Jimmy stuff was weird to the point where at the end of the game I was shocked when he did shoot like he made those back-to-back threes on those I pull I expect him to pass on both those because the way it had been going to that point again I'm not a huge NBA observer, but like it was definitely odd I can't blame him based on the burden He carried based on having an ankle sprain as well, but you know, yeah, it was fun to educate my wife on the Nikola yokich as a child pictures I think that made it all worth it showing her those showing her the taco bell commercial that ran when he was drafted Which maybe won a quesarito pretty badly But you know congrats the nuggets as you said and we'll see what happens next year too. It's also one of those like You can't you can't knock Jimmy because they wouldn't have been there without him and then it just goes back to like the The LeBron situation where people say how many losses he has in the finals and it's like and some realities Not making the NBA finals is better than losing in the NBA finals So I just right, you know Is it better to struggle in game five of the NBA finals or to observe from your couch as you've been sitting there for a Couple months without making the playoffs who can say not I not I we're gonna dive on into this US open Outline a course. We have not seen on the PGA tour before I guess or in a major Before outline what's know about that and Brandon's fair bets over at Vanduul sports book But first a reminder to make sure you are subscribed to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast If you want some thoughts on game five in the NHL for tonight, we did talk to Austin swing about that yesterday There's a time-stand for that in the episode over on Wherever you get your podcast the episode description will have a time-stand for that if you want to skip ahead to the NHL game five Discussion between the Panthers and the Golden Knights get that wherever you get your podcast also check us out over on the Fan dual YouTube page if you like what you hear leave us a thumbs up on YouTube or a five star rating on Apple Podcasts Or on Spotify. Are you looking to have a stake in the US open all weekend long? Well, Fandal has you covered with the PGA Eagle daily fantasy contest Which is now live test your knowledge of the PGA tour by putting together a six-person lineup While staying under the salary cap and using Fandal's live screen feature Follow along as you compete for a share of 350 thousand dollars with first place taking home a hundred K all for just a $9 entry fee whether it's household names like Scottie Schaeffler and Brooks Kepka or your favorite underdog They tee off on Thursday plenty of options fill out a lineup as you compete for first place Thursday will be here before you know It so submit your lineups on fandal today eligibility restrictions apply go to fandal.com or download the fandal app for more details Let's dig in now to the US open brand talking here first about the course It is at Los Angeles Country Club the first time it is hosted a PGA tour event It has been the host of a couple of three usga events. I don't know anything about those But maybe you do so what should we know about the course? Los Angeles CC based on yardage based on research you've done we can apply to this year's field Yeah, so the one you'll probably hear cited a decent amount is the 2017 Walker cup which is It's it's the US versus Great Britain in Ireland if I'm not mistaken. Yeah team Great Britain in Ireland and The only relevant players who are in the field and but I mean relevant. I just mean like the only players in the field who actually played there were column or a cow and The favorite Scottie Schaeffler, which I think might be I don't think we need more reasons to like Scottie Schaeffler But the fact that you know he has that I guess six years ago. He played here in a team We're from Athens Patrick last year at the US open. Yeah, it's it's one of those situations But yeah, we're not working with a whole lot of like Tangible knowledge about LACC. We know it's a long par 70 So scores are gonna be high or low or I view it as high I think most people do but point being it's gonna play tough Relative to par which is typical for a US open The past three winners of US opens have all been six under par and I think was 13 under When I was at Pebble Beach and maybe one under but yeah, it's you know, it's gonna be tough True birdies are gonna be hard to hard to find so all that's really gonna do is Change the the amount of fantasy points we get for our DFS lineups. It's all the same for for all the golfers This course starts out with basically two par four and a half So it's gonna be a squarble par five. So if you guys are starting off on on the first You're gonna want to see a birdie there, but they might give it right back On the second and I think that's just kind of the way this course might play It's it's some gettable holes, but a lot of You know a lot of ways to get into some sort of trouble. I mean, it looks like a really cool golf course There's undulating fairways, which is always intriguing So placement off the tee probably gonna matter But it also might be one of those where if you put it three yards left or right of the target that you're aiming for Could be in trouble that could frustrate some golfers. That's also something that specifically at US opens. I Think we need to keep in mind is that some of these guys might get a little bit flustered with the setup So maybe you know if that's the kind of narratives that you like to play go for it But the obvious the two obvious names there Being John Rahm and Tiro Hatton both in really good shape this week So I'm not gonna play that angle because I like both for this week But if you go up with a hole-by-hole breakdown of the course based on the scorecard It's up on the the US Open website and compare each hole to the average of the same par We're getting 10 of 18 holes that are at least 10 percent longer than the average hole of that that same par so You can look at overall distance always. That's like the easiest thing to do But 10 holes are like noticeably longer Than you know a usual par 4 par 5 like that kind of thing and There's some long long par 3s two of them are over 280 yards six par 4 is at least 480 There's a par 5 that can play like 625. So It's gonna be I mean and I have us all up in an article on number fire If you want to check it out kind of get some context, but you know, I'm seeing some conflicting reports or You know analysis on how important driving distance is going to be at this setup I think it's gonna matter because it's just the amount of holes where it where it's you know gonna play long Accuracy I think it's gonna matter, but yeah, it's it's kind of wide open So you don't have to be super precise, but I think that if you're if you're really short off the tee You're gonna have a hard time. So, you know, it's a lot of guesswork a lot of flyovers There's a lot of good content out there on the course golf digest has a good overview the US Open website itself has some like Virtual flyovers of everything. So you can really get a feel for how this thing is gonna play And I think the one thing that we need to factor in here is There's a lot of those dry riverbeds It's gonna be, you know, it's gonna be tough whenever you miss in the wrong spots And I think that it might just be you know, the guys who don't have those one or two blow-up holes that ultimately emerged But that's kind of what we're looking at this week Now you discussed how there are multiple ways to view distance given that placement should matter But also they're really long holes and that introduced more variance into the discussion So I want to ask you like a from a process perspective Do you tend to play things differently when there are unknowns like we have for this week? Like are you Less willing to make bets than you typically would be because there's more variance there I need a bigger edge versus the market. How do you kind of handle things in situations like this? Yeah, so, I mean a small part of my process is factoring in estimated course fit To, you know alter what stroke scan inputs I'm putting in to my model before running it So obviously harder to do that this week because we don't know What actually has mattered here statistically and that's how I view things rather than just you know Assumptions this week we have to make those assumptions or we just run it without any assumptions at all And I tried my best to to have some assumptions, but sort of on the low end So not not any big big swings here because I do think that All types of players can play well here in theory I just think that the bigger hitters are gonna have more of an advantage, which is almost always the case anyway But you know typically when we get a first-time course I am a little more timid to dive in but if anyone's ever listened to the show They know that I'm a little more conservative You know that then then some others might be that being said We know us opens are tough. We know that they're long. We know that they rotate courses We know that it majors the best players tend to separate so it's not like I'm treating it just like hey There's this new course kind of a weak field on the PGA tour don't really know what to expect So I'm a little bit more, you know I'm a little bit above that level of like skepticism in the way that I'm viewing things and again Specifically, I feel like it us opens because of how tough they are The best rise to the top the past winners at us opens math. It's Patrick great. You know, we know he's a great player World, I agree, right? Yeah, if anyone's yeah, not watching Jim's wearing a nice northwestern hat, which he claims Patrick So if it's Patrick John Rom Bryson to Shambo Gary Woodland Bruce Keppke twice Dustin Johnson Jordan speeds the past US Open winners And the name that might jump out there is Gary Woodland But entering he had a 50-round moving average according to data golf of about 1.3 strokes gained per round adjusted for field strength For context this year. That's like Justin Thomas or Cam Young two guys who Would not shock like truly shocking or they golfing their best. No, but again, it's it's us open I think it's pretty clear that Overall game is going to separate more than trying to nail the right proximity Ranges for this week. So that's basically how I've been working with things For about probably like two years now not trying to get too too detailed with the stats I'm looking at so I feel pretty good all things considered for this week. So you want guys in great overall form I think the headline are there a Scotty Schaeffler. It's pretty obvious He's seven to one to win a Fandall sportsbook and he is there despite the fact his putting has been iffy So does that? Prevent Schaeffler from being a value for you at seven to one. What's your view of the rest of the favorites at Fandall sportsbook right now? So the way that my model works is I just take round-by-round scoring and do some adjustments from there for field strength Recency whatever else That goes in there so it doesn't necessarily factor out putting it doesn't necessarily bump guys up for better t-degree and our ball striking numbers Anything like that because I like to take Samples for multiple tours and we just don't have the reliable data from from other tours. So again, I don't factor out putting So for Schaeffler all of his putting We'll call them woes are factored in but in theory. I'm using a Long enough sample where things smooth out Long term now. I've also done some research on putting and the reason that I feel pretty good about not trying to make a more t-degree based model is that we can actually You know first of all putting stats. They're not random and they will stabilize over time. So By using a large sample kind of just you know compensates for for the fact that putting does sort of ebb and flow But we also can look specifically at more or less putting from within 15 feet That's the most predictive range if you had to pick one range it'd be like five to ten feet It's a good sample of putts that are makeable and they separate out the best golfers But if you look at putting stats from within 15 feet Schaeffler is a 24th percentile this season from within 15 feet That is The main concern that being said it's not like he's dreadful and could never make a putt We know that that's not how putting works and especially with Schaeffler He can definitely look like he's never gonna miss similar like a Brooks Capcom in major It feels like he's never missing an 8-footer, but you know if he does put well he can win this thing by multiple shots That's how good the t-degree game is But mathematically speaking whenever you like simulate stuff out if you use individual player I Deviations he it's a low standard deviation because he's so consistent with the t-degree game But the putting has not really spiked in a positive sense has it I mean it's been kind of down very recently But it's not like he's losing Ten shots putting every single round tried at the memorial. He tried he tried but that's like an outlier Yeah, so he has a really high floor and so just mathematically John Rom for example as a more volatile player Than Scotty Schaeffler All of that being said I have his win odds his expected win odds at plus 720 So when he was plus 750, I thought he was fine Frankly, I'm not gonna fight anyone who wants to bet him at plus 700. That's again You can rerun the simulations over 10,000 times and he might be plus 700 exactly whatever So for me Schaeffler is fine His t-degree game is so dominant right now that all he has to do is putt. Okay And he realistically could win and if he hits a few long putts This could be Scotty Schaeffler's major to lose And if you have like a boost offered to you on someone in the field Schaeffler seems like the prime candidate because the difference between like seven to one and Nine to one if it's like a plus 200 boost like that's a big difference in implied odds So yeah, and he'd be the first guy I would think about there too and Seven to one is looking like a light a nice number two I would just say that much compared to some other You know, not surprised, you know, not surprised by any means So Schaeffler not quite a value by your numbers Is there anybody who is a value any outrides you like for this week at Fandle right now? Yeah, I like two guys. Um John Rom at 11 to 1 and xander schoff lay At 19 to 1. I'm sorry, but no one can really build a case against xander that I will hear and just You know often analysis around major time is Well, I don't like the guys who haven't won a major. It's like, oh, how do you win a major? It like it's not like only people who've won a major can win a major. It's just not how it works So I always find that I'm a bit funny but with rom like It's starting to feel a bit a bit forgotten based on how good Schaeffler has been Um Rom is not very far removed from winning every tournament he played in so like it's just kind of crazy Where he is now he's a great putter overall But he's second in the field in strokes game ball striking over the past 50 rounds according to data golf If you remove the small samples for the live tour guys right now That being said, he is like nearly a full shot worse in ball striking with your strokes game off the tee and strokes game approach the end scottie schaeffler so Again schaeffler is like that good right now with his driver and his irons, which is why he's deservedly the favorite but um rom is Second in that department and he has great underlying putting stats. He's a 70th percentile Putter from within 15 feet I don't really know how you make a case against john rom other than the fact that he's not scottie schaeffler, but it's a You know long term their strokes game numbers are almost identical and i'm getting a much better number on john rom It's put together packaged a little bit differently because rom's a little bit worse With the ball striking And a lot better with the putter, but I mean I'll take the I'll take it It's different routes to the same destination basically with yeah And it's like would it surprise anyone if john rom had a better tee a green week than scottie schaeffler? No, like and and honestly like the thing with my model is It basically just says here's how good guys have been I make some adjustments for What how the course might play that week and then it says here's where guys probably should be And it's a reminder that john rom is not an afterthought Yeah, and i'm not saying he's an afterthought because he's you know second on the odd Like I get i'm not i'm not trying to make it sound like he's 50 to one But they're very similar and I'd rather just take the better number on john rom Let's talk about zander now zander schaeffler as you mentioned 19 to one of fanguel that number is shortened throughout the week Where is the point where you back off? Um, because it spends pretty steady 19 to 1. I think that it's held there And it probably will be there when people listen to this show, but um, how much more value is there to squeeze out of schaeffler at his current number? Um, so I have him specifically Let's see here I have him at 17 to 1 Okay, so there's still a decent amount of wiggle room there on schaeffler to still be a value Um, yeah, what puts him up there for you? Is it just like the overall form being sick? That kind of puts schaeffler in play for you So yeah, I mean a lot of it has to do with I just you know, again, I don't always just agree with the model Um, but the model is here to tell me who's good at golf And how often they should win this particular tournament against this particular field And then I just go from there and make my own decisions, but zander Five straight top 18s at majors Six straight top 25s in his stroke play events entering And he's a top five iron player in the field over the past 50 rounds according to data golf, which is one of the things that Has always kind of had zander A step below the superstars was the iron play now He's really really up there and it just is going to be a matter of when he puts it all together In the same week, um, you know, we get the the california narrative. Although I will say um, just kind of a Small caveat to that, uh california narrative a lot of the california courses are poa greens this week. It's bent grass just something to throw in there but I would be willing to hear any arguments against zander other than the fact that he shrinks in the moment because I don't think that's the case I think he just has had a lot of bad variants on his end Um, and you know he won a gold medal. You can't say he shrinks I think he's a really I mean Eventually it's going to go his way. Yeah I agree if you put yourself in top 15 top 20 contention All it's going to take is a few more putts one more break go in your way And I don't I don't think people realize sometimes How much that impacts who wins a golf tournament, right? So the outright sprinting likes here john rom 11 to one zander shawflate 19 to one You said it's not only a week for for long shots Anyone you like there or fully avoiding those it's sticking with rom and zander There so i'm gonna go with basically heavy at rom and zander. Yeah, uh, and then the other markets But three other names showing fair value That I think are noteworthy Tony finaut 37 Jason day at 50 And then our guy windham clark 85 to one big hitter great game right now I'm fine with with clark at at a top 10 Um, which we'll get into here in a second, but those three names I think are worth monitoring and I will I'll be fine to put some partial units on those but If I was really telling anyone anything i'm focused on rom and zander this week, I think I usually wait till I talk to you to place bets outside of three balls because I just Take whatever data golf says there's a value there. Uh, I did make two like gut bets this week One is windham to win The other one, I don't know if I wanted to disclose to you. I'm a little bit ashamed about it, but you know Is it to win? Yeah, I mean I did slack you about this person so you can guess it but Uh, sheffler just moved to plus 650. Yeah. Well the last wasn't a value to seven to one anyway If you look at the screen, you can see who I uh am referencing, but it's mito perrera Oh, jeez. I mean, I see I know for it, but I know can you though? Are you just making me feel better about myself? I mean great. This is a this is a do as I say not as I do situation. I should be clear about that I'm not recommending windham and mito, but you this is this is one of those things though If mito closed out the pga Everyone would view him differently in majors That one whole changes like oh, he'd be a major champion and like to a lot of you will be after sunday yeah but I I just think that um We sometimes we need to be a little bit more A little fairer in the first time I think we're I don't think it would be shocking if we got a first time winner first time major winner this week Due to the course, but yeah, I mean between windham and mito. There's like 60 odds that happens So, you know, I agree. Um, what about the non outrides? Anything stand out to you there? Well, windham clark is I mean, you know if people are listening in um Maybe his top 10 odds have shortened drastically, but he was plus 700 to top 10. Oh Um, which is a really good number on fandall sportsbook. Oh brooks just shortened. There you go Someone with herd brooks, so But again clark is phenomenal right now He is 13th in the field this this field, which is you know, a major field In true strokes gained over the past 50 rounds according to data golf. He is 16th in distance 35th and putting he's really one of the best golfers In the field sort of in the world right now Um, and it's a really really good Numbers like good numbers for him, you know in any market whether that's outright, which I love the optimism. Uh top 10 though still really good. I have them around plus five 50 to top 10 this week and then basically just some uh I love majors because we always get the The props and we get the the nationality props. I just love those because they're such natural groups and I hate trying to go from like Here's the groups of like four to six names And then I'm like putting them in my spreadsheet and I'm like who all right who's in this This one it's so much easier and so much more fun. Um, but top englishman Tiro hatton plus 280 I love Tiro hatton right now um I think we're getting a little bit of Past winner See to see scroll it's a way at the bottom. I don't know if it's a better order I couldn't figure it out, but I got there eventually. Um I think math fits patrick in this market. It's a little bit over value due to having won last year I do fear justin rose a bit or we're on team rose right now Um, we've been we've been all over team rose, but I don't think either of us have anything bad to say about Tiro hatton Really has no shortcomings in uh his profile. He's a plus in all four Stroke's game category is just so good right now across the board. I'm seeing value Uh in this market just below that I believe it should be. Um, thank you for the guidance Top swede, uh, vincent norman plus 200 uh big hitter sort of a I don't want to be dismissive but kind of a A head-to-head again against alex noran who I don't think is a great course fit necessarily Unless short game is really what ultimately matters here. Um And then last one I think is at the very bottom top lefty Oh Yeah Not a nationality, but brian harman Uh, he is the favorite at minus 120 He's just versus phil miclison and hank lebiota We like hank uh plenty, but brian harman's a really good golfer. Uh my model show and value on brian harman in that market Pretty clearly. So I feel good with uh with those ones and harman is a guy who Can gain strokes off the tee despite not being long and I think that's Typically pretty valuable especially for an event like this where it may be long But he can place it well and stuff like that. So I think that you know Archetype might not be there, but he's overcome that everywhere else. So I think that makes sense, right? Yeah, and I don't know if the archetype's necessarily there for phil, yeah Although I've been we something we didn't talk about with the whole Golf news is that it's happening right before the u.s. Open. Yeah, and that's the one phil needs. So I think phil's been a feeling himself. So the confidence will not be low We can say that based on his twitter activity. I feel like he's feeling himself quite a bit So, you know, there's that at least okay So the non-outrights branded likes windham clark top 10 7 to 1 Tiro hatton top englishman plus 280 vince norman top suite at 2 to 1 And then at the top lefty brian harman add minus 120 any final thoughts branded for a close-up shop and send off Everyone to fill out their bed slips for this week uh You know, it's a major a lot of a lot of good names Um At the top if you have a if you have a strong suspicion if you like what you're seeing from certain golfers You know, I I really can't talk you out of almost anyone at the top of the board, but I know it's fun To bet the long shots. I'm sure people tune it in or just trying to get some Some extra action because it's a major Uh, just look at who wins majors and and try to protect yourself a little bit I don't want to talk anyone out of like hitting a long shot But I think this week especially is going to be There's so many guys in good form right now that Yeah, for one of the long shots that flow to the top. I would be astonished. So It's touch the top when there's a list of scottie cheffler john rom windham clark meet to perera It's tough to top all four of those guys. So I get why you're wary of the long shots. Yeah I haven't uh Haven't seen if uh field. Oh wait here it is big guns versus the field Okay, brooks john rom Rory and cheffler plus 235 versus the field Okay I'd rather just bet me too outright Again, this is not on brandon. This is on me and this is not a recommendation This is me being dumb and I want to be fully transparent about that So do as I say not as I do check out brandon on twitter I could do a 13 as he mentioned all of the simulations are up over on number fire dot com He went through the course data there as well find that over at number fire dot com find his work there And we'll also talk about uh the dfs side of things over on the fandal youtube page new eastern on tuesday And then up on the number fire daily fantasy podcast feed after that brandon Thank you for swinging by for today as always and i'll talk to you again in less than one hour Sounds good looking forward to talking more golf. Alrighty fine brandon twitter. I could do a 13 I am on twitter at jim sonnis want to thank you all for tuning in for today Good luck to you with your bets for the us open and for game five between Vegas and florida. We'll talk to you once again tomorrow. This has been covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network


The Timer On delay instruction is used to turn an output on or off after the time has been on for the preset time interval. The timer requires user input data that consists of a preset value and a timebase. Timebase of the timer instructions is expressed in seconds. Common timebase values include 0.01, 0.10, 1.0 and 10 seconds. Preset value is the time duration of the timer circuit. The preset value sets the time the timer will accumulate to. The accumulated value is the time incremented as the timer is timing. For timer instructions, three control bits are available for programming use. Timer enable bit status is true when the timer instruction is true. Timer timing bit status is true when the timer is timing and the accumulated value is changing. Timer done bit status is true when the accumulated value meets the preset value. The timer off delay instruction is used to turn an output on or off after the timer has been off for the preset time interval. Similar to the timer on delay, the timer off delay timer uses the same control bits, timebase and preset functions. The timer off delay sets the enable and done bits when input conditions are true. When the input conditions change to false in the timer off delay instruction, the timer timing bit goes true. As the accumulated value reaches the preset value, the done and timer timing bits turn off. Timer on and off delays reset when the run conditions change true or false depending on the timer type. For applications requiring the accumulated time to be retained if there were a system fault or the run condition goes false, a retentive timer on is used. The retentive timer on is enabled and begins timing when the input conditions are true. By changing the run condition to false in the retentive timer circuit, the accumulated value stops timing and retains the time recorded until the run condition goes true again. As the accumulated value reaches the preset value, the done bit goes true and enables the output. A programmed reset instruction with same address of the timer is used to reset the retentive timer's accumulated value.


They had to trade Vinnie, what would you trade in non-US market hours? Forex features or still the main indices? Really for me, whatever's moving in non-US market hours. So I have a rule of thumb. Let me show you guys this. If you're in our e-mini main chat and you want to look at our sessions, exclamation mark sessions and then for the overnight sessions too or session two. You can know about the daytime ones, but after hours here is here are the things you need to think about. You're going to be trading the non-US market hours, okay? Here's what I say. I do not recommend for new traders to trade the Asian-European session US overnight. Now there's a lot of reasons for that. Tends to be a new trader usually has a smaller account whatnot, but again up to you if you want the risk and yada yada my suggestions are don't. But if you want to watch it, you want to sim it, you want to practice it, that's fine. Get good at it. But here are some scenarios where you might want to after hours. Here's the scenarios. Bank of Japan reporting, okay? That's a Red Star news event. Bank of Japan in the off hours, that's a good one. Something that gives some extra volatility in the off hours is going to be good for it. Or any type of macro event, market moving news events, okay? Typically another thing. Volatility is naturally, you know, it comes in the Asian close. So if it's at the close or the European open, okay? There's like a little time window there, that's why I squared those up here at the 3 a.m. and 6 a.m. Eastern time. Those opens and closes might be a spot, but in general you do really want to roll through the whole day unless there are again market impacting news events where you're going to get that extra volatility because of news. In general, that's my suggestion around dealing with non-U.S.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with Layton Sports Cards. I'm ripping two boxes of 2022 Panini Absolute Baseball for Richard R. So good luck, Richard. See what we got in here for you, man. Let's go check emails really quick, too, on here. Yeah, second one you can blame me. 100% you can blame me. That is tough. That is so tough. I often won men per box on average. I'm not cut this second one. Where's that, Camille? I'm not familiar. All right, let's do it. See if we can pull a kaboom out of this. That'd be sick. It's going to take me one box to get the... No, man, I got it. All right. Well, we've got Collier Stromsky in 149. Got Cedric Mullins Base. Icons of Jimmy Fox. God, I can't read that. Bill Mazurowski, Nola, Salvi, Altuve, Mookie Betts to 149 Blue Icons. Nice one there. We got Frankie Frisch on the Hall of Fame Memorabilia. Game worn on that one, too. That's really cool, actually. Nice. Nice hit on that one, Frankie Frisch. And your booklet in box one is going to be Spencer Strider. That is 46 of 99 on the black auto, black ball auto, I should say. For the Braves. Nice one there. Box two. Hey, see you later, Steve. Have a good one, man. Thanks for hanging out today. All right. Have a good night, man. See you tomorrow, for sure. Pumped. Pumped for a Brakes tomorrow already. Whit Merrifield to 199 for the Royals. Got Koiseiga. Koiseiga. Tyler O'Neill by Storm. Trout Machado. Alby's Judge. Got a Dylan Coleman to 199 on the Autograph for the Royals. Nice one there. Got AJ Alexi, Rookie Patch Autograph to 199 for the Rangers. Nice one there. And last hit of box one is going to be Drew Ellis. Rookie forced to 99 red jersey card for the Diamondbacks. Nice one there. All right. Box two. Good luck. Almanac is ripping on Saturday. Saturday with Caleb. So very excited for that one. Yeah, honestly, right? Jay Mart, like, be throwing like ungodly amounts of pitches. It's crazy. Those older pitchers. It's so funny. Randy was just getting started. Yeah, Randy was throwing his best stuff at 120 pitches. Randy was still throwing shed at 120 pitches. That's so funny. Empty boxes. It's going to be LSC. So it's already sold out, which is kind of wild to pick up. Viet's Sports Personals. I believe it was a, correctly if I'm wrong, a $600 buy-in this time for a hundred run, a hundred run personal. We've got Roger Clemens. Nice rocket there to 149.  Rookie class of Josiah Gray, Marta, bass, Mookie Bats. Got nice. Jimmy Fox on the blue icons to 149. We've got dual of Alex Kirolov and Byron Buxton on the team tandem to 199. Nice twins hit right there. Yeah, it's literally sold out like today. I know. I wanted to get into a twoks and big toe and I was like, all right, I'm going to wait and just see how it goes and then filled up right away. Nice. 14 of 50. We've got AJ Alexi on the jumbo booklet, the ball and Jersey Jersey. Probably randomly in QJ, Mart of when it was ordered would be my guess. So like, say you ordered first, you ordered number 92 and then I ordered second order number one. My guess is you would go first. I don't know a hundred percent. I haven't been given that information because I'm not breaking it. I'm just going to be top loading it most likely. That's what I'm under the impression of though. Chris Bryant to 199. Extreme teams, Cedric Mullins, Fox and Cool Pop of Bell. I know you got to be so quick with those. It's unreal man. It's unreal Vaughn. Whitmerfield, Jose Ramirez got Edward Cabrera to 999. rookie got David Peterson on the rookie patch autograph for the Mets. Nice one there. No, Bradley, you choose your number in this one. So I would go in and buy like, oh, I wanted like box number 60 and I would pick number 60. Yeah, I should be top loading. I'm not a hundred percent chain mark, but yeah, that'll be awesome. I'm excited to see you in chat. See what you get. Got Jake Burger, blue RPA to 75 for the white socks. Nice one there. Yeah, it's a little bit different this time just to save time Bradley, because it would be like, you saw the last one with 300 it would just take forever. And last hit in the break is going to be Amir Garrett, tools of the trades of 199 rookie jersey for the Royals. So that'll do it for your two boxes there. Richard, congrats on all the hits. Get those cards right out to you. Thank you again, man.


I will present a work that I have just started doing with my colleague Fouad Gdweli from the Morocco National Weather Service. Both of us coming from numerical world, numerical modeling world, and especially on the medium range weather forecast. Now we are making this transition to the subsystem of the time scale. So I will spend a lot of time talking about our understanding of this MGO in our regime and connection. And also I will present some preliminary results of that we have just produced recently. Let me first talk about my country and why we are interested in such connection between MGO and NAU and its effect on precipitation. So Morocco is located in the north-western part of Africa. We are under the influence of the mid-latitude weather systems. We have heterogeneous landscape, we have atlas mountains, we have the Atlantic Ocean in the west, mid-line and north in the desert in the south. And doing with the sun, mid-latitude stones are a major source of precipitation over Morocco, especially the north part. And the north Atlantic large scale circulation has the strong influence on both the weather and climate. Our objective is to see how this migratory north Atlantic disturbance, frontal system with dry stones can influence, impact our rainfall mechanisms and how they are modulated by some large scale patterns. In fact, most rainfall are modulated by north Atlantic jet oscillation from north to south and there is kind of seasonal variability which is controlled by this tropical, extra-tropical oscillation. We want to understand how this tropical, extra-tropical oscillation have an impact our atmospheric dynamics over Morocco. And the last objective is to see how can we forecast the weather, the climate at subsystemal scale, using distilled connection between rainfall and tropical, extra-tropical oscillation. So, as I mentioned before, we are strongly influenced by the north Atlantic oscillation. So in the positive phase, a stronger than normal sub-tropical high pressure and a deeper than usual Icelandic low has an impact of having stronger winter winds and strong activity across the Atlantic Ocean and we have winter, winter and north-east Europe but drier condition in Morocco. And if we are lucky because we need rain in Morocco for agriculture, we end the negative in our is well correlated with wet condition in Morocco. So last part of my talk, it will be based on this very precious work of Kassu. And how it relates each day, how this work attributes each daily anomalous circulation to one of the fourth regimes. So the idea is how can we use this connection between days and regimes, first and second, try to understand what control this transition between different regimes. So the positive and negative in our, they are here as I have mentioned before. So one mechanism that we are interested in in this is this modulating effect of MGU over the occurrence of different regimes. We are very, at the first time when I have seen this interaction between different regimes and different phases of MGU, I have seen that there is a potential to use this information to relate this connection between with regimes and the MGU phases on the rainfall over Morocco. As we have seen before, the negative phase of MGU is, we can have it after 10 days of phase after phase six, okay, as we see here. And largely over phase seven and phase eight, we are in this negative phase of MGU which is good for us to have this wetter condition in perspective. But on the opposite, the positive phase of MGU, six days after phase three, we have this occurrence of, or forcing of a positive negative, positive oscillation for the North Atlantic. According to Christophe Cassaud, generally a positive oscillation, North Atlantic oscillation regimes tend to be preceded by phase three or four of the MGU. On the other hand, negative oscillation tend to be preceded by phase six, seven of the MGU and the Scandinavian blocking tend to be present during phase five, five of MGU. And there is a time scale of the MGU influence, which influence which is about 10 to days. So there is a lagged influence of different phases of MGU on the, with the regimes over our region. So as I mentioned before, the first part of my talk it will be dedicated to this physical mechanism of MGU, North Atlantic oscillation regime connections. So as we have just started dealing with this connection, I present why in, if we have phase three in MGU, we're going to end by having positive oscillation after 10 days. This is the main objects of this part. So as we have seen before, MGU phase, the MGU oscillation, it will force some mostly wave excitation of our, if we are in phase three or phase six, we have kind of dipole. We enhance it, for example, phase three, we have enhanced convection over the Indian Ocean and suppressed convection over the maritime continent. So this dipole will excite some rosy waves. And if we plot here the rosy wave source term, advection term, we see that this dipole has an impact after on the North Atlantic jet stream. So strong rosy wave source in the central Pacific is propagating north eastward. If we try to see what happened in the entrance of the jet stream, of the North Atlantic jet stream, we're going to see that we have related to this rosy wave source that we end up by having a strong upper level convergence on the eastern Pacific and the entrance of the North Atlantic jet. And having also related to this convergence, having this gray condition at the entrance of the jet. Here, in color, we plot the precipitable water, okay, and the auroras show the divergent wind. So here, just at the entrance of the jet stream, we have this strong upper level convergence and we have a gray, gray condition at the entrance of the jet. It means that our strong trucks, they will not have enough supply of humidity at their entrance for the, after some days of MGO phase, in phase three. But on the other hand, source, okay, the rosy wave source advection term, yes. So we see what happened after five days, okay, after having this dipole of MGO phase over the Indian Ocean and the maritime continent. What happens after five days, after zero, five days on this position of the Atlantic jet in this convergence zones? For the MGO in phase six, and it's forcing of the negative North Atlantic regime, North Atlantic constellation regime, we have some kind of opposite effect. So we plot the same thing here as before. So rosy wave source advection term. And what we have now, we have, so we have here, like before, precipitation water, okay, and divergent wind. And here, I have this, plot this mid-latitude or North Atlantic jet. As we can see, we have here the opposite, instead of having this convergence at the entrance and dry conditions, now we have more divergence at upper levels and more supply of moisture, which is good for us because it will enhance five days later or more, a good conditions to have this negative in a well-established. This is how I understand relating to the work of Christopher Castle, this relationship between what happened when we have MGO phase in three and six, and what happened in terms of distribution or configurations, both of water and dynamics over the North Atlantic region, especially at the entrance of the jet. So in a way, this is the bridge with which we have this influence between the tropics and the extra tropics. And we can see it clearly when plotting this, this fields. So to summarize the work of Castle, it's kind of overview of the work of Castle. So as I have said before, MGO in phase three, we trigger for the Rospy waves in the Pacific with phase two and three. To propagate eastward to the North Atlantic region, modifying the background flow leading to North Atlantic oscillation positive due to the interaction with the North Atlantic high frequency plus the intermediate transients. This kind of interaction will have a remote influence for the positive in a well. On the other hand, with phase six in the negative phase and its relationship with the negative phase of in a well, we have a development institute favored by previous blocking conditions as part of this transition that it was mentioned by Laura. So we have kind of preferred transition between the North Atlantic oscillation in positive phase. Afterward, we have Scandinavian blocking and we end up by having a North Atlantic oscillation in its negative phase. So here we can see that we have this direct forcing of positive oscillation. This is what it was mentioned by Christoph Castle. But here the forcing is not direct. We have this transition by the Scandinavian blocking before having the negative phase of the North Atlantic oscillation. So it's kind of response to direct force of the Rospy wave wave as I have mentioned before with this Rospy wave term, excitation term. So the response to direct force of the Rospy wave initiated by MGU in 6.67 in the eastern Pacific associated enhanced moisture leading to this interaction with the North Atlantic high-frequency transient and ending by having what we call cyclonic wave breaking. Yes, it's argued in the paper. So after giving this relationship with MGU in both phases, 3 and 7, and the response over the extra tropics in terms of North Atlantic oscillation, I will show you some results that we have just produced. In fact, we would like to see what happened in terms of precipitation over Morocco related to the MGU oscillation. This is the main objective of this first research work. But we are using a weather station, rain gauges, from the National Weather Service at two stations, one in the extreme north, Tangier, and one in the central part of Morocco near the Atlantic ocean. So how we do? So we work for DGF, it's our winter season, from 85 to 2014. And for each, how the methodology is that for each MGU phase, the number of days in which weekly rainfall was above the upper-terf file is counted and divided by the total number of days in which, in each phase to obtain the occurrence probability of exceeding to the threshold. So the occurrence probability that I will show later is calculated flowing this method. So each phase, we count the number of days in which weekly rainfall was above the upper-terf file. So we have chosen this upper-terf file because it has been mentioned before in other works that is a good threshold for trying to find this oscillation, this relationship between oscillation of MGU and precipitation elsewhere. So it's the same thing for MGU, it is also a running mean, so a running seven-day running mean. Here is the outcome of the first statistics that we have done. So here, for each phase of MGU, the number of days in which weekly weak, moderate, strong in our negative is counted and is divided by the total number of days in each phase to obtain the occurrence probability of exceeding the threshold. The same as before for precipitation, we do it for North Atlantic oscillation in its negative phase. So the weak negative phase is where our index is above the upper-terf file, moderate is between the lower and the upper-terf file, and the strong one is when the negative NO index is below the lower-terf file. So as you see here for MGU, NO relationship with when we have a strong NO, we see clearly that here I have and blue I have phase one and red is phase eight. So here I go from one, from phase one to phase eight. So for strong NO, the event where I have a strong NO, we see that the occurrence of strong NO happen with a great frequency when we have six, seven, eight phases of MGU. So the impact is more clear when picking the strong NO negative events. We have the same thing for the moderate NO, it's in its negative phase. So we have phase six, phase seven and phase eight, which are the dominant here for this moderate NO occurrence. So it's the same. The central histogram is for the strong negative NO, am I right? Yes. It's one, two, three, and then you go up to A, is the NO. Yes. So here it means that with this frequency or this occurrence contribution, it means that in phase eight strong NO, it will occur twice as frequently as its climatological mean with this 100% with 100% it means that in phase eight there is a chance to have strong NO in negative phase twice as frequently as its climatological mean. Black is eight. Black is eight. Green is seven. Oh, okay. Yeah. No. Because yeah, that's important. So black is eight, green is seven, and red is six, and the others one. So we see that for six, seven, eight. We have an increase of the occurrence probability of the negative phase of NO, especially for strong events. So it is in line with what has been found by Christoph and by Haydn. Yeah, yeah. No, it was simply deodorant from eight to 100. So it is clear for everybody here? So we have also been interested to see what happened in terms of occurrence for the Mediterranean Oscillation Index. We have kind of Mediterranean Oscillation Index, which gives a measure of what happened over the Mediterranean in terms of oscillation that is kind of CISO also in terms of pressure between Algiers here and Cairo here. So when we have negative here, we have low pressure here compared to this location in Cairo. We are in this Mediterranean Oscillation in its negative phase. So Mediterranean Oscillation is in negative phase is something that is good also for Morocco because we will have storm or low pressure systems that will enter the north part of Morocco. So we have also tried to find if there is any relationship between the occurrence of this Mediterranean Oscillation and the different phases of MGO, okay? Here it's just to show that there is a CISO between the two regions, okay? Here we correlate Algiers' geopotential heights at 500, okay, with other points. It's just a correlation, okay, between this point with other points, and we see that we have this dipole, okay? It means that we have some kind of oscillation. Mediterranean Oscillation is based on the fact that what happened here in terms of pressure, it may be anti-correlated with what happened here over Cairo. So we have this Mediterranean Oscillation index is a measure of how far in terms of pressure are from Algiers to Cairo. So here when you have a negative phase of MGO, it means that we have here a low pressure system. So high frequency of low pressure systems here will have high pressure system. Cyclonic here and anti-cyclonic here, it means when we have here a cyclonic, it means that we have a chance to have precipitation over Morocco. So there is a kind, in the case, in the case when we have low pressure system here, okay, and when we have here a cyclonic anomalies, and we will have here anti-cyclonic anomalies, it means that we have Mediterranean Oscillation in its negative phase. So this correlation, it just shows that all this region doesn't behave as the same as this one. So we have some kind of oscillation that we may do, that we may measure by having the normalized differential, differential pressure between this spot which is Algiers and this spot which is Cairo. So here we have the same, so the same methodology as before. So we can see here something very special for the strong Mediterranean Oscillation events in negative events. So we see that the blocking, or not the blocking, the phase, in phase 6, okay, we have a high occurrence of strong Mediterranean Oscillation negative, okay, compared to the other phases. In fact, what happened here, it's the same, the behavior here is the same of what happened for what has been found by CASO when we see the blocking regime. So in phase 6, we have a high frequency of blocking regimes. And here in phase 6, we have a high frequency, probability of having a strong Mediterranean Oscillation. This is the message that we can have from this plot. And so of course we have very here reduced occurrence of strong Mediterranean Oscillation in phase 1. So this kind of relationship that we can have also when we try to see this relationship with the MGO and the Mediterranean Oscillation. My explanation why we have this occurrence of strong occurrence or high frequency of Mediterranean Oscillation in its negative phase when we have this phase 6 is in fact related the same finding as Christoph CASO. We have more chance to have negative Mediterranean Oscillation with this transition between, with its transition to the blocking regimes. There is something very important here, in fact in Morocco during my experience as forecaster, I have seen that generally wet conditions over Morocco, they happen especially when I have this transition between the Atlantic Ridge and the blocking Scandinavian blocking system. Something that maybe I will one day present some results on this transition, preferred transition between the Atlantic and the blocking, not preferred, but something that happened to something that is related to precipitation of Morocco. So we will have this chance to have this transition between the Atlantic Ridge and the blocking, there is a chance of having wet conditions over Morocco. Here, this is the main plot of our first result is to see how rainfall in 10 years, so the extreme north of Morocco, so measured from rain gauges from 85 to 2014, how this precipitation relates to the MGU in different phases. We see here, in phase 8, the occurrence probability it increased to have a precipitation that exceeds the upper terfile. Is it good? Is it fine because we have this relationship between negative Inau and phase 7 and 8. So we can find the explanation why we have this increase between when we have this phase 7 and 8, why we have this increase of the occurrence of precipitation exceeding this upper terfile. But for phase 2, up to now we don't have any explanation. The same thing for this second station, we have the same signal, so over the same period, we have a very distant location, so again it is in the central part of Morocco, near the Atlantic Ocean, so we have the same signal in phase 2. So there may be something behind this preferred occurrence of high of precipitation exceeding the upper terfile in phase 2. And here I will say thank you to Engel because before coming to here, I didn't find any explanation why we have this increase of occurrence of probability of occurrence in phase 2 because I don't have a negative Inau to explain why I have this increase. In fact, the idea is that over our region, over the Oro Mediterranean region, the four regions are not enough to explain what happened in terms of weather types. That's why using the precious tool of Engel, I have produced another extra weather type, which is what's missing for our region of interest. So here we can see the Inau in its negative phase, okay, is weather type 5. We can see in weather type 4 the blocking, the Scandinavian blocking, so it's the same. Here they are similar, these two plots, two maps. Here we have kind of similarity between a positive Inau and the winter type number one. And here I have two patterns or two weather types that are different. Okay, this one, the weather type 2 is, it can explain something for me, for this relationship between phase 2 and what happens in terms of precipitation. Here also, I plotted the same, with the same tool of Engel, the occurrence, the probability of having phase 1, of having the weather type 1 in different phases, so it's the first plot here for weather type 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. As you see in phase 6, 7, 8, we have an increase of the probability, occurrence probability of weather type 5, which is close to negative Inau, so it supports, it does support the finding that we have before. In phase, in phase 7, 6, 7, 8, we have more frequency of negative phase of Inau. This is the third result. So it supports all the finding of Caso, Christoph, A and H. This is the first result. The second one, here, when MGO is in its phase 3 and 4, we increase the probability of occurrence of weather type 2, of weather type, sorry, 1, which is similar to the positive North Atlantic oscillation, so it is in line with the finding of Christoph and H. So it's fine. Here there is something new. So in phase 2, we see that this weather type is more frequent compared to the others. And also, it is favorable, it's a weather type that is good for having the precipitation of Morocco, because we have here a negative anomaly of geopotential height at 500 HPA. So we have now found a relationship between these extreme events, not extreme, but a high amount of rainfall observed over 10 years in the Aegean year that are related to a weather type, which was not present in the classical classification of weather types over the North Atlantic region. We found this with this new weather type, which is more favorable to have a weather condition over Morocco when we have phase 2. I think it's a good result for me here at ICTP. Thank you again, Angel, for your tools. To summarize, so doing our own work with our own data, we have found similar results with CASO. We confirmed the finding of CASO and LEAN. Doing this new classification or new clustering method over the Euro Mediterranean region, we came up with the new weather type, which explained the increase of precipitation over Morocco, both in the North and the South, in phase 2. And as ongoing work, we are now using more languages data to confirm this relationship between what happened in phase 2 and the Euro Mediterranean weather types. Thank you very much.


My gosh, I can't believe it The YouTube team keep it clean what's going on the same grave and here with another video and in this video There was a report that came out yesterday That said there's Brian is not expected to return to the Ravens and my oh my I sure didn't see this one coming Jim. Oh Bob and me neither came out of left field. No it didn't it didn't I Don't think anybody should really be shocked by this. I don't think anybody should be shocked surprised Card off God none of that Because this was pretty much expected We talked about this several weeks ago After there's Brian put his his infamous Instagram post will several of them that showed the practice footage And you know Last Ravens player that showed that practice footage didn't quite end so well But I know there's Brian. He wasn't swinging on under his teammates anything like that But um, yeah last Ravens player that put that practice footage. Yeah, it it ended up being a big yikes a huge yikes actually But that was obviously for other reasons But with there's Brian when he put that practice footage out there he called out coaching he called out coaching and With there's Bryant being on I don't even want to say his last leg in the NFL because I don't believe that's the case I think he'll still get an opportunity somewhere else But with there's Bryant with this being the only shot that he got the only chance that he got And for you to be a pending free agent, especially when The impact on the field wasn't enormous anything like that You just We all kind of saw this coming. But when you call out coaching on top of that. Oh, yeah We knew it was done. We knew it was done But at the same time like I said weeks ago when we made the video talking about that um, I just I don't even think there's what even really want to come back And I said as long as Greg Roman is the offensive coordinator I don't think there's a want to be a part of this. I really don't I don't Now with him Calling out the coaching like that It could actually be detrimental to him because again, uh No other teams gave him a shot only the Ravens did And if this team gives you a shot And then you called him out Oh, other teams may look at that and be like, oh I don't know about that one. I don't know But I do think somebody's gonna they're gonna look past that and then give there's an opportunity To show that he still got something left because we saw that he did does still have something left All right, and then we also saw that this coaching staff on offense.   That's just how the business ended up working out for him with the Ravens Came on strong last or two years ago now killed it But then this last season So it's so sad to say that this last season because this it's in the past now Season is done officially but And in this last season He just found himself toward the end of the season Uh, there was the one game where he got literally one snap One snap and there was a flea flicker He got one snap And after that snap never saw the field again that game And then he started being inactive and again mark Ingram. We know great teammate amazing teammate but Amazing teammate isn't enough That impact has to be on the field too Now we know with Dez Bryant. He his impact Just like mark Ingram. I think most of it came off the field His impact just his presence being there It made other guys step up. It really did his presence alone It made those other guys step up because as we know there's brian Before he even caught a pass for the Ravens Before he was even active for the Ravens his name held more weight Then his name alone held more weight than all the Ravens receivers combined and that's not a shot at them That's just what it was None of the Ravens receivers have ever reached Dez Bryant's level None Now again, they're super young So that kind of goes in their favor in that argument So they haven't even had an opportunity to reach Dez Bryant's level But again, they they haven't because again super younger Hollywood It was in the second year Boykin in the second year Duvin. They approach they both in their first years Willie Snead. He was the the veteran guy before Dez Who was he in like his fifth six years something like that? He's he's still super young too And why he's probably getting ready to be gone because we haven't heard anything about Willie Snead coming back I mean time is ticking but looking like Willie Snead is on the outs I think Devin Devin Duvenay is going to end up taking his spot But anyway, um with Dez Bryant, it was just When when your impact doesn't match both on and off the field Yeah, yeah, it's it's gonna be a wrap So I don't think this should have come as a shock to anybody really Um, now I do think like I said, I do think he's still gonna get another shot elsewhere From who what team who knows But I do think that uh, he still has a chance to play for somebody in 2021 I really do Because he's already shown himself training and stuff getting ready and he should he should so Once that time cut the free agency is right around the corner. It's literally right around the question one month away It it is one month away. Well one month away from free agency So oh, it's gonna be crazy. It's it's already been crazy. You've been seeing the trades You've been seeing dudes get cut Free agency is gonna be wild But with with that being said, um, I I do think somebody's gonna take take a shot on this See what he's got like even if it's just for training camp They're gonna see what this guy still has left in the tank But as far as the Ravens, yeah, they they emptied that tankiness. It's no shock that they aren't looking back Now they still do need to address the receiver position But It's time to get somebody in they prime Let's see if it happens I don't think it will but still holding out. Oh team keeping clean. I love y'all. I appreciate y'all Like there's Brian is with the Ravens I'm out


Hi everyone, Joe for Jasties, casebreaks.com, coming at you with a pack of 18-19 Chronicles basketball, fat pack break number 59, with 10 of those hip-raid basketball spots being given away. We've got the sounds of some playoff golf on in the background, Canadian Open, Tommy Fleetwood, Nick Taylor, their third playoff hole, let's see what happens here. Big thanks to this group for making it happen, we've got to do one more of these and then we're in Brakesville on that hip-raid basketball if you're taking a look at that. Alright now, let's roll it, randomize it, names and teams three times and then different dice roll for the giveaway part. One, two, and three. One and two, three times for the teams, one, two, and three. No trade windows of course, none of these little, quick little filler packs, but here's the first half list right there, and the second half right over here, and let's print and rip. Here it leaves it short, alright there's the final print out, hot off the presses. Let's see if we can find any surprises in here, alright hey we got a Michael Porter Jr. rookie card, Nuggets looking really good, this is going to go to Simon in Denver, and now let's see who's going to win those hip-raid spots, let's gather everybody's names one through thirty, new dice, new list, Tommy Fleetwood's putt for the win is short, wow, a fourth playoff hole, alright big thanks everyone once again, good luck, fingers crossed, let's roll it, randomize it, six and a six, twelve times, top ten after twelve in the hip-raid break, one, two, three, and twelfth and final time, after twelve, can already see you win, soon very close, no cigar, but eleven through thirty, I appreciate everybody giving this a shot, thank you, Wenxun has a lot of spots though, I'm sure Wenxun is in there in the top ten somewhere, gotta be right, Nathan is happy, there you go, there's Wenxun, Patrick Wenxun again, Su Min, Wenxun, Su Min, Wenxun, Wenxun and Eugene, congrats to the top ten, you are in that hip-raid basketball break, once again we got to do one more of these filler packs, then we're in breaksville, so get after it, jaspyscasewrakes.com, bye bye.


Hello everyone. Welcome to this session. I am Mr Praveen Yalapa Kumbar. Today we want to see Huffman coding. The learning outcome of this topic is at the end of this session student will be able to explain the concept of Huffman coding algorithm in lossless compression algorithm. The contents of this topics are introduction. After that one we want to see algorithm steps, Huffman code that is a creating tree, Huffman coding example. After that one we want to see Huffman decoding and after that one from this decoding we want to see Huffman coding properties. Now first introduction. Huffman coding was firstly presented by scientist Huffman in 1952. This method attracted an overwhelming amount of research. It has been adopted in many important and commercial applications such as fax machine, JPEG and MPEG images. In Shannon-Fano encoding steps which is now everyone pause the video and recall the steps of Shannon-Fano encoding. Okay it is from top to down but in Huffman algorithm it was opposite to the Shannon-Fano encoding that is from bottom to up manner. Now we want to see one by one the algorithm steps of Huffman coding. Now first initialization. In that initialization steps put all the symbols on the list sorted according to their frequency counts. Second repeat until the last has only one symbol left. In this case from the list pick up two symbols with the lowest frequency counts from a Huffman subtree that has these two symbols as a child nodes and create a parent node for them. After that one assign the sum of the children's frequency counts to the parent and insert it into the list such that order is maintained. After that one delete the children from the list and third one is assign a code word for each leaf based on the path from the root. Now we want to see Huffman code that is creating tree. In the previous slide whatever we see the steps of algorithm that we want to sorted here. In this algorithm first of all place each symbol in the leaf. In that one weight of the leaf is equal to the symbol of frequency. After that one select the two trees left and right initially leaves. After that one such that L and R have the lowest frequency in the trees. Create a new internal node where left child is represented by L, right child is represented by R and new frequency is equal to the summation of frequency that is L plus frequency that is R and repeat until all the nodes merge into the one tree. Now this algorithm we can understood with the help of the example. Now we want to see one Huffman coding example. Now first of all Huffman tree construction this is step one. Here first of all we sort out here we take an example of A, C, E, H and I. These are the symbols and I want to write here the frequency of that symbols. For the A the frequency is 3, for C the frequency is 5, for E the frequency is 8 and for H the frequency is 2 and for the I this is the frequency is 7. In that example first of all we want to write the frequency of the these symbols. After that one we want to make a combination of these two symbols because this frequency is very low as compared to the all others symbols. Therefore for A and H I want to combine first for the A frequency is 3 and for the H frequency is 2 that these two frequencies is very less as compared to these three symbols. Therefore first of all I will take A and H. After the combining of this A and H that is the frequency of A is 3, the frequency of H is 2, the combining of these two symbols become as 3 plus 2 is 5. In the next step of one tree construction 3 this is the previous step which we got it and for this next step I want to add C because the remaining symbols in the from the previous step is C, E and I. Now if you observe the frequency of C is 5, the frequency of E is 8 and the frequency of E is 7. Therefore I will take whichever having the low frequency. Now if you observe in this C, E and I the frequency of C is very low therefore I will take here C and adding this one 5 and the C is a 5 it becomes 10. Now in the next step this is a this is a one tree and I want to make out another tree in this one the symbol E and I that is the frequency is 8 and the frequency is 7. I want to combine these two frequencies and it become as a 15. Now in the half one tree construction 5 I want to add these all the symbols into this one whichever I got in the previous steps that is the A, H, C, E and I will add after that word I will get 10 plus 15 that is a 25 after that one I want to write left indicates by 1, right indicates by 0. In this way I will do the half one tree construction. Now if you observe the code for this each word now I want to calculate the code word for the E. Now according to the steps algorithm I will go from bottom to top. Therefore for the E if I if you observe E is present at the right side of the symbol therefore it will come first 0 and after that one it will goes to the 1 therefore E symbol is 0, 1 and the similarly we apply for I therefore they apply for the I it will come from bottom to the top that is 0 and 0 that is 0, 0 and for the according to that one if you apply for the C it will for the C it will come for 1 and 0 for the A it will come 1, 1, 1 and for the H it will come 1, 1 and 0. In this way I will construct this half one tree. Now in this example we want to we want to take on another example that is related to the half one code that is a E I C A H that will be observed in the previous table and I want to write down the encoding for input symbol S A C E and the output will become as for this encoding S is for the output A I will write 1, 1, 1 that is here 1, 1, 1 and for the C that is 1, 0 this is a 1, 0 and for the E it will become as a 0, 1. Therefore this total symbol for the encoding of the input S become as 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 this one of the simplest steps for the encoding. Now after that encoding we want to see half one decoding in this decoding read the compressed file and binary tree use binary tree to decode the files in that one follow the path from root to the left. Now I will take an example of for the half one decoding one is now I want to decode we decode this symbols that is 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 and this is a what tree now half one decoding is done with the help of this tree and this is a decoding steps. Now if you observe here now see one by one now the first symbol it will come one now according to the algorithm we want to go from bottom to the top therefore the first symbol is what one here one means what it will goes to the here one at the left of set again after that one I will write the one and again it will goes to the this will one this blue line indicates one and again I will go for the one that will indicates again that is a blue line that is one and after that one I will get the core a means what for this triple one I will get the core a again go for the next core that is one if you go from again it will goes from bottom to the top again one will goes to the this one one and after that one it will goes to the zero that is it will goes to the zero and after that one we get the symbol that is a C again that is a C symbol again I want to go from this zero again for this next code I will go from bottom to the top that is a next code is zero that will go to the right hand side that will indicated by this line this is a zero after that one we will go for one that is a one is a code for which we want to decode and it will go for one that is this one and we get the symbol E means what for the decoding purposes if you provide this code and this binary T from this one binary tree and this code we can decode and we get the data as S that is a C E now from this decoding and encoding we can easily short out the what is the properties of Huffman coding now before the understanding of what is we properties we can get it from we can understand easily from this example so we want to consider first example now from that one we want to see Huffman code properties now first here is a first properties prefects code now what is in the happening in the prefects code is no code is a prefects of another code now for example for the Huffman symbol the I here I will get the 00 and after that one for the X I will get here 001 and it is a not legal prefects code now this can stop as soon as complete the code found this will be stopped this Huffman code decoding part will be the stop when we receive the code for particular numbers then after that one we want to stop there now no need for end of code marker here no need of require of the marker here after the completion of this data whenever I get the symbol then we have to stop there therefore here no need end of code marker this is a very use important properties for the Huffman code now references for this topic are thank you


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32L4 flash memory. All STM32L4 flash features will be presented. Please note that this presentation has been written for STM32L47X48X devices. Key differences with other devices are indicated at the end of the presentation unless otherwise specified. The STM32L4 embeds up to one megabyte of dual bank flash memory. The flash memory interface manages all memory access, read, programming and erasing as well as memory protection and option bytes. Applications using this flash interface benefit from its high performance together with low power access. It supports read while write, has a small erase granularity, a short programming time and allows dual bank booting. The STM32L4's flash memory has several key features. It has up to one megabyte of dual bank flash memory with a read while write capability that can program or erase one bank while executing code from the other bank. The erase granularity corresponding to the page size is only two kilobytes. A page, bank or mass erase operation requires only 22 milliseconds and the programming time is only 82 microseconds for a double word. The adaptive real-time memory accelerator with an instruction cache, a data cache and a prefetch buffer allows a linear performance in relation to frequency. The flash memory supports error code correction or ECC, which is 8 bits long for each 64-bit double word. A single error is detected and corrected. A double error is detected but not corrected. The flash memory is divided into two banks, each having a main memory block containing 256 pages of two kilobytes each. Each page is made of eight rows of 256 bytes. Each main memory block has an information block which contains three parts. The first part is the system memory which is reserved for use by ST Microelectronics and contains the bootloader. When selected, the device boots in system memory to execute the bootloader. The second part is a one kilobyte one time programmable area. This area is located in bank one only. The OTP area cannot be erased and can be written to only once. If one bit is at zero, the entire double word can no longer be written, even with the value zero. The last part contains the option bytes for configuring user options. This slide shows the flash memory map. There are 256 pages in bank one starting from page zero and 256 pages in bank two starting from page 256. The page number MSB corresponds to the bank number. The page number is used in the software procedure to erase a page. The flash is dual bank memory with read while write and dual bank boot capability able to boot from either bank one or bank two. The BFB2 option in the user option bytes is used to select the dual bank boot mode. When the BFB2 option is set, the device boots in either bank one or bank two depending on the valid bank. When the BFB2 option is cleared, the device always boots from bank one. The dual bank option is used to select either a single bank or a dual bank for the 256 kilobyte and 512 kilobyte device part numbers. For instance, when dual bank is selected for 512 kilobyte devices, 128 pages are in bank one and 128 pages are in bank two. The first page name in bank two is always page 256 regardless of the device's memory size as the page name MSB refers to the bank number. With a dual bank memory, it is possible to read from one bank while programming or erasing the other bank. Code execution is not stopped when the flash memory is being programmed. When programming or erasing data in the same bank, the AHB is stalled as long as the flash memory controller is busy. Using the FB mode bit in the system configuration memory remap register, the two flash bank addresses can be swapped. When this bit is cleared, bank one is mapped at address 0x0800000 and aliased at address 0. When this bit is set, bank two is mapped at address 0x0800000 and aliased at address 0 which allows the device to boot into bank two. The dual bank boot allows a safe firmware upgrade as the previous firmware version is still present in the other memory bank. The dual bank boot is managed by the bootloader. The device boots in bank two using the BFB2 option bit programmed in the flash option bytes. The boot pin and boot option are configured for booting in flash memory. If the BFB2 option bit is cleared, the device boots in flash bank one. If the BFB2 option bit is set, the device boots in the system flash memory. The bootloader checks the bank's first address as it must read there the stack pointer at that location. If bank two's first address is a valid SRAM address, the bootloader swaps the banks to remap bank two at address 0 and jumps into bank two. If it is not valid, the bootloader swaps the banks to remap bank one at address 0 and jumps into bank one. Note that the bootloader uses resources in SRAM one from address 0x2000000 to address 0x20001000 so this SRAM area must not be used by the application when the BFB2 option bit is set. The flash memory embeds an error code correction function to ensure robust memory integrity and safety. The ECC is 8 bits long for a 64-bit word. In the case of a single error, it is corrected. The ECCC bit is set in the flash ECCC register and an interrupt is generated if it is enabled. In the case of a double error, it is detected but not corrected. The ECCD bit is set in the flash ECCC register and a non-maskable interrupt is generated. When an ECC error is detected, the failure address and associated bank are saved in the flash ECCC register. The programming granularity is 64 bits. In fact, it is 72 bits with the 8-bit ECCC. There are two programming modes, standard mode for the main memory and OTP and fast mode for the main memory only. In standard mode, the flash memory checks that the double word is erased before launching the programming. In fast mode, 32 double words are programmed without verifying the flash location. The flash programming time is only 82 microseconds for 64-bit double words. To program one page, 2 kilobytes, 20.9 milliseconds are needed in standard mode and 15.3 milliseconds in fast mode. For the complete bank, it requires 3.9 seconds in fast mode. The page erase time is 22 milliseconds. It also requires only 22 milliseconds to erase one or both banks, as both banks can be erased simultaneously. The short programming and erase time, plus the small page size, make it convenient for data EEPROM emulation. A fast programming mode allows you to program 32 double words faster than in standard programming mode. Only the main memory can be programmed in fast programming mode. The flash address location contents are not verified by hardware before programming in fast mode. The 32 double words must be written successively. The high voltage is kept on the flash memory for all programming. The maximum time between two double word write requests is the programming time, which is approximately 20 microseconds. Consequently, interrupts should be disabled to ensure that the 20 microseconds between the two word write requests is not overpassed. The minimum clock frequency must be at least 8 megahertz in fast programming mode. This slide compares standard and fast programming modes. Standard mode can be used to program the main memory and OTP areas, while fast mode cannot be used for OTP programming. Standard mode allows programming 64-bit double words or 8 bytes, whereas fast mode only allows programming 32-bit double words or only 256 bytes. In fast mode, the address location content is not checked before programming. The CPU clock frequency must be greater than 8 megahertz and interrupts are prohibited. It takes 2.6 milliseconds to program 256 bytes in standard mode and 1.9 milliseconds in fast mode. The flash memory is guaranteed for a minimum of 10,000 cycles up to 105 degrees Celsius. Data retention is 30 years after 10,000 cycles at 55 degrees Celsius, 15 years after 10,000 cycles at 85 degrees Celsius, and 10 years after 10,000 cycles at 105 degrees Celsius. It is 30 years after 1,000 cycles at 85 degrees Celsius, 15 years after 1,000 cycles at 105 degrees Celsius, and 7 years after 1,000 cycles at 125 degrees Celsius. In order to read the flash memory, it is required to configure the number of weight states to be inserted in a read access, depending on the clock frequency. The number of weight states also depends on the voltage scaling range. In range 1, the flash memory can be accessed up to 80 MHz with 4 weight states. It can be accessed with 0 weight states up to 16 MHz. For range 2, it is up to 26 MHz with 3 weight states. Next to the adaptive real-time memory accelerator, the ART accelerator, the program can be executed with 0 weight states independent of the clock frequency. This provides an almost linear performance in relation to frequency and allows us to reach 100 drystone MIPS at 80 MHz. The ART accelerator brings outstanding performance and reduces dynamic power consumption. It consists of a 1 kilobyte instruction cache, 256 bytes of data cache, and a pre-fetch buffer. The instruction cache contains 32 lines of 4 double words, and the data cache has 8 lines of 4 double words. Once all the instruction cache memory lines have been filled, the LRU, or least recently used policy, is used to determine the line to replace in the instruction memory cache. This feature is particularly useful when code contains loops. This architecture is chosen to provide the best trade-off between cache size, power consumption, and performance. After each miss, the cache is updated with only the requested double word in order to limit the flash access for power saving. In a line, the 4 double words may not all be valid. In case of a miss, the Cortex-M4 code takes the instruction directly from the flash memory. In parallel, the 64-bit line is copied into the current buffer enabled and iCache if enabled. So the next sequential access is taken directly from the current buffer. If pre-fetch is enabled, another 64-bit flash access is performed to fill the pre-fetch buffer with sequential data. When the data is present in the current buffer, the CPU reads the current buffer. The next sequential read is performed in the pre-fetch buffer, which is copied into the current buffer so that it is free to be filled with the next sequential data. If the data is not present in the current buffer, it is read from the pre-fetch buffer if it is present. If not, it is read from the instruction cache if there is a cache hit. Otherwise, a flash access is performed. The instruction cache behaves differently depending on whether or not the pre-fetch buffer is enabled. If the pre-fetch buffer is enabled, the art instruction cache behaves like a branch cache. The cache is modified each time a branch or a jump occurs in the execution flow. Sequential accesses are issued by the current instruction buffer and the pre-fetch buffer. Each time the pre-fetch buffer is hit, its contents are transferred to the current instruction buffer and a new flash access to fill the pre-fetch buffer is performed. In this case, the cache content is not altered. If the pre-fetch buffer is disabled, the art instruction cache behaves like a normal cache. Since no pre-fetch buffer is available, even a sequential access will modify the cache content. The power and performance trade-off must be evaluated for each application to know whether it is better to enable or disable the pre-fetch buffer. For most applications, enabling the pre-fetch buffer allows us to slightly increase the performance but with a higher consumption. Most of the time, the best energy efficiency is provided with caches enabled and the pre-fetch buffer disabled, as it often reduces the number of flash accesses. This slide shows the number of cycles needed to execute sequential 16-bit instructions without pre-fetch, when three weight states are needed to access the flash memory. Every flash access provides 64 bits or four instructions. Three weight states are therefore inserted every four instructions at every flash access. This slide shows the number of cycles needed to execute sequential 16-bit instructions with pre-fetch enabled, when three weight states are needed to access the flash memory. After each flash access, another flash access is performed to fill the pre-fetch buffer. So, after all instructions are fetched from the current buffer, the next sequential instruction is read from the pre-fetch buffer and no weight state is inserted as long as the instruction flow is sequential. Several flash memory protection options can be configured using the option bytes. The readout protection is configured using the RDP option byte. The readout protection prohibits any access to the flash memory, the SRAM 2 and the backup registers by the debug interface or when booting from SRAM 1 or when the bootloader is selected. The proprietary code protection is configured using the PCROP option byte. This option protects a specific code area from any read or write access. The code can only be executed, the protected area can be defined with 64-bit granularity and one area can be defined in each bank. The write protection is configured using the WRP option byte. This option protects specific code areas from unwanted write access. The write protected area can be defined with 2-kilobyte granularity. Please refer to the specific training about system protections for more details about these protection options. Several option bytes are available in the flash memory to configure certain specific features of the device. The user option bytes are loaded in two cases, either after a power or brownout reset when exiting from standby or shutdown modes or when the OBL launch bit is set in the flash control register. Three option bits are used to configure the brownout reset threshold. Three options are available to prohibit or allow the stop, standby and shutdown low power modes. Four options configure if the watchdogs are enabled by hardware or after a software configuration and if the independent watchdog is frozen or not in the stop and standby modes. Two options are used to enable dual bank boot and to configure the 512-kilobyte or 256-kilobyte devices in dual bank configuration. The end boot one option is used together with the boot zero pin to configure the memory used for booting. Two options are used to configure if the SRAM 2 is erased with the system reset and to enable the SRAM 2 parity check. Several option bytes are used for memory protection options. The RDP for readout protection, PCROP for the start and end addresses of each bank, and WRP for the start and end addresses for each of the two areas of each bank. The PCROP RDP bit is used to preserve or erase the PCROP area when the readout protection is removed from level one to level zero. Four interrupts can be generated by the flash memory. The end of operation interrupt, which is triggered when one or more flash program or erase operations is completed successfully. The operation error interrupt is triggered when a flash memory program or erase operation failed. The read error interrupt is triggered when an address read through the core database belongs to an area of the flash protected by the PCROP option. The ECC interrupt is triggered when one ECC error is detected and corrected. When two ECC errors are detected, a non-maskable interrupt is generated. The flash memory's consumption can be reduced when the code is not executed from the flash. The flash clock can be gated off in run and low power run modes. It can also be configured to be gated off in sleep and low power sleep modes. The flash clock is configured in the reset and clock controller. It is enabled by default. The flash memory can be configured in power down mode during the sleep and low power sleep modes. It can also be configured in power down mode during run and low power run modes when the code is executed from SRAM. Gating the clock and putting the flash memory in power down mode significantly reduces power consumption. In run and low power run modes, the flash memory is active. Its clock can be disabled if code is executed from SRAM and the flash memory is in power down mode. In sleep and low power sleep modes, the flash clock can be disabled and the flash memory configured in power down mode. In stop zero, stop one and stop two modes, the flash clock is off. The content of the flash interface registers is retained. In standby and shutdown modes, the content of the flash interface registers is lost and must be reinitialized after exiting the mode. The performance of the flash memory is almost linear with the frequency using the art accelerator. The core mark score is 268 at 80 megahertz, which corresponds to 3.35 core mark per megahertz when the instruction cache, data cache are enabled and the prefetch buffer is disabled. In range one at 80 megahertz, the performance is 3.32 core mark per megahertz when the instruction and data caches are enabled but the prefetch buffer is disabled. When the art is disabled, the performance is only 1.55 core mark per megahertz. When comparing the energy efficiency, enabling the cache is very interesting as the results are 24.4 core mark per milliamp when the art accelerator is enabled and 13.2 core mark per milliamp when disabled. In range two, energy efficiency rises up to 28.6 core mark per milliamp at 26 megahertz. This is a list of peripherals related to the flash memory. Please refer to these peripheral trainings for more information if needed. For more details, please refer to application note AN 2606 about the STM32 microcontroller system memory boot mode. This slide presents the key differences between baseline STM32L47X48X devices and other devices. The maximum size of the flash memory and the number of banks differ for each device.


Okay, guys she bear 1,000 here This one is getting pick Picked now I time lapped I time lapsed that one and this one today I'm you really can't see too much of a change But it's neat because when the Sun goes down these leaves went down and when the Sun came back out They came up, but I time lapsed it someone time lap laps it a little bit slower tomorrow So this one will be missing when you do see that video So I'm gonna go ahead and pop this one off it's ready and I'm gonna eat it So tomorrow You'll be checking those out. I gotta pick some more of these Notice them big ones are gone back in there because we picked them. They're gonna have BLT's today So tonight actually so let's get in here in the house and We'll eat this pepper It shouldn't be too hot it's only cayenne, but we'll see Here we go, you got my whole head yeah, I got your head got the pepper. I see the pepper Yep, I should eat the whole thing. Yep, okay, it's only cayenne I mean I've had two million scubble units on that burger while that burger was four million We figured out remember. Yeah, I'm gonna see the key I've got water cuz I can't drink milk. All right, am I in the shot the whole head. Yeah, you're handsome there Okay, we keep one down Here we go guys the first pepper. This is the only thing she's not the first to eat. She's frying bacon She's frying bacon What are you gonna have? BLT from From the garden. Yay And we got two more. Did you already cut them up? No, they're over there. Oh, okay. Well, you don't have to cut them up Yeah, yeah, then you'd be cut up cuz that one was off the line right explain to them tomorrow when I do my review Or my update here. We go. It's a taste like a pepper. Is it hot sweet? Okay That's good. I know I'm that I can put that in a salad. Mm-hmm. Nice Yeah, a little to it after a bit Mm-hmm Like he says she's out for now. He's got the hiccups going Pretty good though