I'm from Southwest Wisconsin Technical College, and we're on the move. Good evening, everybody. I just wanted to start off by thanking Robert DeBaird for this wonderful gift. It's actually the only reason I'll be able to get to my internship this year. I'm actually moving to Virginia on Friday, so it's going to be a great trip, and it's really great that that's the biggest part of the reason I'm getting there. My story, I guess, starts out with, I actually went to Blackhawk Tech for a little while, and I didn't really know what I was doing. I kind of went through the programs and really know what I wanted to do, so I majored in Electro-Mechanical Tech, and then I went to Business Management, and then I ended up at Southwest Tech doing Golf Course Management, which I've golfed since I was 15 years old, and I didn't really realize I could go and do a career doing that. I was the only college in Wisconsin at the time that had it, so I just looked at myself and I said, you know, I looked in the mirror and I was like, what are you doing? I mean, who is that guy, and what are you going to do with your life? And I looked and I said, well, I always want to be a professional golfer, or something like that, so I just been practicing and practicing, and I got to the Southwest Tech College, and I joined the golf team. That's pretty much the only reason I went there is because of the golf team. I found that the instructors were awesome, the program was awesome, there's all the instructors there just had such a genuine care for everybody, and I just couldn't, I can't find that anywhere else. I mean, I'm sure it's out there somewhere, and I just really realized that being a part of a school and being part of something bigger than just going to the school is really what makes you more involved and feel more of a part of a school, and I went to the golf course, I started on the team, and I got to the first place in our first tournament, and I just made my confidence in who I was, just go through the roof because I went through some tougher times when I was younger, and I didn't really think that I was the best person to be fit to be a leader or stuff like that, and Southwest Tech really brought out that person that I was underneath all that extra stuff that was under there, and it really showed me that if you work hard and you really believe in what you're going to do, just go out and set out and do it, and just try your hardest, and that's all you can really do, and your passion will show, and that passion that people see will actually fire their passion, so you're actually bringing out a better part in that person too, just by being yourself, so I guess all I can say that this is really showing me is just be yourself, and that's all you can really do in this life. Thank you.


Live from Austin, Texas, it's theCUBE, covering Dell EMC World 2016, brought to you by Dell EMC. Now, here are your hosts, Dave Vellante and Stu Miniman. Welcome back to Austin, Texas, everybody. This is Dell World 2016, Dell EMC World 2016. It's only the third time I've done that this week, Stu. And this is theCUBE, the worldwide leader in live tech coverage. The other Michael is here, Michael Cotay, who's the director of technical marketing at Pivotal Software. Good to see you again, Michael. Yeah, you guys too. I was just saying, I think last time we talked, we were back in the corner of this same room. Yeah, and you were Dell then, you're Pivotal now, and Pivotal's now part of the family. So it's almost like a homecoming for you, right? And we're in your home neighborhood. Yeah, it's great. I'll have a lot of office space that I can lord over my colleagues here in Austin since they're headquarters. It'll be wonderful. So what's new with you these days? What are you working on? What's exciting you? So nowadays I work on what we call the advocate team, which the rest of the world will know that as evangelism, but we like to call ourselves advocates. So most of the people on my team, they actually can do real work, but I just know how to make PowerPoint slides. So other people on the team, they talk about programming and sysadminning and all the stuff that you would need to worry about with Pivotal Cloud Foundry and work on. But I mostly go and talk with, I would say management and enterprise architects and above about, maybe if you guys have a better phrase about digital transformation how they change the way they think and organize their companies and operate so that they can do their digital transforming and all of that. So- I'm not sure we have a better term and everybody talks about it. And I guess it means different things to be different people, but everybody, the themes are, everybody's afraid of getting disrupted. Michael Dell talked about that today. Okay, of course. Digital means data. Yeah, yeah. I mean, really if it's digital, it's data, data's growing at a ridiculous rate. So it's all about, well, how do I transform and how do I support making money with data? Yeah, yeah. As opposed to monetizing the data, which everybody sort of mistakenly got wrong. Oh yeah, yeah. Well, I think that was back in the era where like Facebook was IPO-ing and people like, why is this worse so much? They've got all this data. It must be the data that fits into a spreadsheet and then you can start doing all sorts of ratios and then you get obsessed with the data. And I remember, you know, there used to be the digital, what was it, the number of storage in the world and it was just like ballooning all the time. So yeah, it was like a fast moving big elephant thing, which I'm sure it still is, just like, you know, lemonade's still popular. But I think what I see a lot of large organizations figuring out is, I mean, I think it's good to think, if you're defining digital transformation, it's good to ask what analog transformation is, right? And like, essentially when you kind of run through the imagination of that trap, it sounds really hokey, but it's basically like, what if we were just much better at doing software and we had software for all parts of our business and we could release it like once a week and our software was as good as like Facebook's and Google and Apple and people interacted through software internally and externally. And I mean, I think it, to us in the tech world here up on a stage, like that sounds sort of like, I'm even kind of motioning how absurd it is, but for most people, like, that's not the way businesses run. Like, there's not a software-first approach to solving business problems. Yeah, I mean, you bring up a lot of good points there, but I think one of the opportunities we have is, while everybody's not a Facebook or an Apple, you're wearing a smartwatch, you're carrying around a smartphone, and every company needs to be able to reach you there and the tools and the things that are available, I can get down to a smaller company and reach people using my big data, cloud, all those type of things. I don't have to be a 100,000 person company to be able to create something that can reach either the B2B or the B2C where they are. Right, and I think that's one of the major drivers as you were talking about, the fear of disruption, right? Which is always, at this point, people like to say, oh, that's the wrong definition of it, but it's just like words change definition. It's the fear of a little company taking over a big company's turf. And I think that's one of the major drivers, as you were saying, is genuinely, like, new technological advances, like, make it possible. It basically removes this asymmetric advantage that larger companies used to have, and now the playing field's much more leveled, right? And granted, these small companies that get an advantage through using your mobile phone and software, they grow big, but they can basically compete with more or less anyone they want. They can more compete on the quality of the product versus on a traditional sense of competitive advantage of high barriers to entry and things like that. There's probably still not going to be a lot of upstart telco companies, right? But that kind of gets to the point of like, that's an analog industry, a three-dimensional world where you're like actual laying cable and managing it. But if the business that you do is all digital, right, there's no physical manifestation of it, then it's a lot easier, like, it doesn't matter what size you are, as long as you've got a good idea and execution, you can be on a level playing field with everyone. But even at telco companies, look at WhatsApp. Yeah, sure, sure.  Sure, sure, yeah, I mean, maybe that's a bad, it's sort of like, you know, bulldozers, right? Like there's a lot of like capital investment it takes to make bulldozers. Yeah, Negra Ponzi. And even, you know, there's always a slide in these presentations that will have like Uber, Airbnb, and Tesla. And then Tesla is like, well, that's really expensive, right? Like that took a lot of money and they got a factory. So like, the closer you get to three-dimensionality, like I think the harder it is to be disruptive up and down the stack. To your point, you know, whether it's like WhatsApp or car companies who are doing software on the upper ends, like there can be interesting disruption there, but like, you still need the robots to build the things, which is a little pricey.  So, you know, we used to say, you know, for a while, it was like, whoever thought that you could make a lot of money on coffee or like water is like two areas that totally got transformed there, but not in the software space.  You know, what do you see happening organizationally inside companies that allow them to move fast? I mean, I was listening to a podcast recently where it was like, even inside like Docker, they have a hard time keeping up with their release trains. And you know, you take the average IT person, there's so much getting thrown at them constantly. You know, how do we help organizations? Yeah, I mean, I think organizationally, there's someone who's reminded me that you should never list out three things you're going to say earlier today. So we'll see what happens. But I mean, there's sort of three things that fit into what you're saying. One is the worst, which is do nothing, right? And so a lot of companies have organized themselves into I guess a functional organization, right? Like here's the server people, the whatever like different silos we would say. And many companies, they, I don't know if want is the right word, but they end up staying that way to put it in the passive voice. And that's really where things don't go well because you can't move very fast and it just like, it doesn't work well. If your intention is to be constantly innovating, right? To be digital as it were. And the second one is there are companies who, and this is what we saw for many years before this, they basically go to SaaS companies. They just circumvent this whole thing. And we used to call it shadow IT or rogue IT, which I would always misspell as roge IT, which is funny. But like, you know, they basically circumvent centralized silo control to get the software that they need. So that's one way of doing it. But the companies that we work in who actually want to change the companies, what they end up having to do, and I see them struggling mightily with doing, is they have to take their organization and collapse it down into product teams, right? So on, and this is what you hear about in DevOps and everything. So on one product team, you'll have developers, a product person, the whatever operational role you need. You might even have testers and security people on that one unified team dedicated to that one product.  But it turns out, if you're deploying software every week, if not every day, like those people do have to be dedicated to that thing. And then you also end up seeing the results that if you actually are dedicating people to this one task and they're fully plugged into how people are using it and they're improving the software, it's actually worth it to go through what seems like an unoptimization of unsiloing them to do that. But again, it's really hard. Like often like HR has to get involved in facilities, like all these things that you would have no idea of getting involved. It is hard. Writing great software is hard. And Benioff, I think was the first to make the quote to be many more SaaS companies coming out of non-tech companies than tech companies. Right. Okay, well a lot of non-tech companies, even tech companies have struggled to build good software. As you say, you got to find the people. You got to figure out how to organize it. You got to have the right technical chops. Sure. You got to make some bets. So first of all, do you buy that premise that companies are becoming SaaS companies? Yeah, I mean, I think about that a lot. I used to work on cloud strategy last time we talked and SaaS has become, it used to be the most definitive thing of what cloud was.  Like for example, when we go to our bank and we use online bill pay, are they a SaaS company? Right? It's certainly software. Yeah, yeah. I mean, it's SaaS. They've gone through digital transformation. Yeah, it's like software delivered over the internet, right? Which I think is kind of what, I mean, you could quibble about ASPs versus SaaS, but like it is sort of like to an end user perspective, it looks the same. So yeah, I mean, I think that is kind of a lot of the people we work with, especially, they move towards wanting to provide their business software as a service and their customers and things like that. And then, but then it does get to the point you're saying is like, now you're a software company, right? Which is, there's a reason software companies are so highly valued because it's like hard work, right? It's not easy to do. Hey, we need a mobile app. Okay, great. And then they outsource that and then what? Exactly. Yeah. You see that a lot, right? Yeah, no, and that's even one anti-pattern that I see a lot is, I don't know, for lack of a better phrase, outsourcing, right? And I often liken it to like kids. Like, I often think it would be great to have a nanny, right? Like to take care of my kids and everything so I could hang out. But then I think, like, I wouldn't really be doing my kids and the analogy here is to your software. Like I should probably be present all throughout their life, like good or bad. And I'll kind of lose track of what's going on if I'm not involved and if I outsource that. And I think, similarly, you see that with, I mean, we can all identify software who's in the tech industry and you're like, yep, they outsource that, right? Like it's not evolving, it's not continuing. So you really have to, if you want software to be core part of your business, then you have to treat it like that, which is difficult and expensive and it takes a lot of attention. But you don't outsource that part. And so coming back to the digital transformation discussion that we're having, a lot of times customers feel like they need it. We talked about the paranoia factor, but there's not necessarily an ROI there or at least a clear path to a business justification. How do they fund it? It's a lot of trial and error. A lot of mistakes are being made, probably more mistakes, more failures than successes, which maybe isn't necessarily such a bad thing. But it's not always lucrative. Yeah, I mean, there's a, as they say, boy, you set a mouthful there, right? I think there's two things. One, there's this orientation that we in the software business have. And it sounds absurd, but it's sort of like you embrace failure, right? Let's make bigger mistakes tomorrow. And the way to think about that is that hopefully us three still learn things. But if you think about it, when you're learning stuff, it's basically constant failure. Like you're learning by failing at something until you get it right. And so once you reorient yourself that obviously catastrophic failure of like the whole business goes under is that's not a good lesson to learn. But like you learn by failing, right? And so as one example, there's a good example that everyone loves the IRS. They were following this process where they thought we should present how much money people owe who are delinquent and we'll give them all of their financial history, right, because we're accountants and that sounds awesome. So they tested this out and they failed to have people figure out how much money they owe because it's confusing. You're like, I just want to know how much money I owed. But because they were sort of embracing this failure way of doing it, they actually got that feedback and very quickly deployed a new way of doing it that just showed you how much money you owe. And all of that sounds obvious and easy, but unless they kind of had this idea of failure being okay, they wouldn't have discovered that. So I mean, that's really how the sort of learning process goes in and the lesson that you take from a software company is obviously burning down the building is not good, but failure is how you get new data and you learn new things. Okay, got a question for you about Cloud Foundry. Just to get back to some of the pivotal stuff. When I think back to when Cloud Foundry was inside of VMware, the discussion was when we were figuring out what this whole past thing was and everything, it was like, okay, in my data center, I virtualize, when I go to the cloud, I want microservices, I want like a lighter layer and therefore like Cloud Foundry, that was going to be how VMware extended there. Last week, VMware announced that they're going to take bare metal servers and run VMware in the cloud. And I sat back and I'm like, I don't understand. This is why we have Paz, this is why we're doing it. So I'm curious from the pivotal side, you have some thoughts as to kind of architectures, microservices, where things fit. So from a pivotal perspective, so I have at least for me, delightful thing. Like I used to cover them when I was an analyst and now I work there. And what's interesting is you, if you look at the way that our customers use Pivotal Cloud Foundry, they basically like, they think of, and this used to be a bad way of putting it, but they think of the cloud as just like the place I run stuff, right? And for various reasons, sometimes they want to run it in their own data center, sometimes they want to run it like in a proper cloud, sometimes they want to co-low it and whatever. And really all they want is like, we'll call it like multi-cloud or portability, but they really want that layer that we just write our applications to. And so I think what we on the vendor side have learned, and then you even see this from AWS and other people, is that you can't be too orthodox about which side of the firewall you run things on, right? Like once the hordes of actual users come in, they just want to run their stuff and they'll have various different places to run it. Like we announced this, I think it was today that you can run Pivotal Cloud Foundry on Google Cloud, right? And Home Depot, they're looking to run it on Google Cloud and they're a customer of both of ours. And you know, I mean they have a logical reason, right? Like they don't want to run on Amazon. You can sort of do the math on that one. But you know, whether they're running on private clouds or Google or AWS or Azure, like from our perspective and from a lot of the way our customers use it, like they don't really care about that so much. I mean they care about it, but in aggregate it doesn't matter. Like they're more focused on the parts you're raising up, like what I'm focused on is writing the right microservices so that I can more rapidly put out new applications and do things, right? Like I mean, my joke is always you sit down, the CIO sits down with the CEO for the annual review and I don't think any CEO has ever said, good job provisioning servers, right? Like that was awesome, right? Like instead- Double that next year. Instead they get rewarded for like good job enabling the business and providing the services that our business needed to make money and all of that stuff.  So I guess if I summarize and maybe comment on this, the VMware on Amazon, it solves flexibility on the data center, but does not address any change in application which is what Pivotal is usually doing. Any change in application? So you know, changing from kind of my traditional, you know, application that I had, you know, virtualized application I running versus a more micro services architecture. Yeah, I mean it depends what you're running in there, right? Like from our, from a Pivotal perspective, I forget the percentages, they're probably not public anyways, but a large percentage runs Pivotal Cloud Foundry on VMware. And then they also run it on an open stack and things like that. And so in that sense, you know, portability is always a little funny because there's various things you depend on that are hidden by networks and stuff like that. But yeah, I mean the idea that we've always had is as you go up the stack, let's see if I can do this in the air.  Like you shouldn't really have to know about it and specialize it. So in that sense, you know, whether you're running your container, your VM, your VMware thing over in AWS or on a private cloud or wherever else, like the stacks above it don't really care. Now I'm sure the people at those levels really care about it, but you know, that's great for them. Well they care if it doesn't work, they care if it doesn't perform. Sure, sure. They care if it doesn't give them the quality of service. Otherwise they don't want to talk about it, they don't want to hear about it. Yeah, no, and that goes back to that annual performance review thing, right? I mean, another, it's fun to like be all hand wavy about culture and all this stuff, but I always like to return to what enables all this is exactly your point is that there are genuine cloud technologies, namely a lot of automation and doing a lot of compute and automation very cheaply that enables people to be not caring about those lower layers, right? Like I'm sure there were CIOs who got rewarded for provisioning, right? Back when it was expensive and costly and a critical part of it, but nowadays like it's not really like it's, it should be not a big concern that you have if you're doing modern day type of application development about it being configured and worrying about it. So yeah, I mean, that's, to me that's a lot of what ultimately cloud has enabled is that, no, now we can focus on developing good software instead of focusing on like networking config and all this like server stuff at the bottom. We don't have to read man pages as much as we used to. So bring it back to Pivotal. What's happening these days? You got, you still got the tip of the spear, which is the Pivotal data, you know, services, right? How do you guys call it? Pivotal lab. Yeah, yeah, yeah. We have basically labs, data and platform. There you go. Labs, data and then cloud platform, right? So talk about that sort of structure, what's happening, how's the business going? Yeah, yeah.  Organizations works. Yeah, yeah.  You know, there's also every large organization, they have custom written software that they want to do better at. And so they come to us and they look for Pivotal Cloud Foundry as that platform that removes all that automation stuff they need to worry about. And then the labs part. So labs is actually, I think it's maybe like six or 800 people now.  And essentially, they don't only train you and coach you, but they do the actual work of the new applications that you're working on, things like that. So they train you up by doing actual work. And eventually they leave, you know, you can do the viral spread of that. Like once, as you do rotating pairs, you spread that knowledge. And the data part often, you know, I was actually talking with someone yesterday where if you think about a bunch of IOT cases, right? The data part is really good because there's this loop of I collect a bunch of data, I ingest it, I need to analyze it and then I need to quickly react and figure out what to do next, right? And having like the in-memory grids that we have and also the big data things that we have, you got to, that data has to be somewhere, right? And then you also need the application layer to like actually, like you were just showing me some dashboard, like that's not free, right? Like you have to have applications written around it that express all that data. And so those three things together really work well. So you've got labs helping you out with the process. Like once you've got your fingers on the keyboard, what keys do you press? And how do you do it? And how do you whiteboard things out? And then you have Pivotal Cloud Foundry that runs it all and removes that need to be rewarded for provisioning servers. And then the data part is sort of like, it's not all of it, but it's a fair amount of the blood that runs through the systems that helps you decide what to do next and how to run things and ongoing in your business. Cool. Well, Michael, thanks very much for coming on the queue. It's good to see you again. Appreciate it. Sorry I didn't get a sports jacket. I'm a little underdressed. We appreciate that. You got the developer look. You'd really look like a fish out of water if you did that. All right, well thanks for having me. It was fun. Yeah, our pleasure. All right, keep it right there, everybody. Stu and I will be back with our next guest right after this short break.


Beside this time, same again, good. Bit sharp on exit, I like it. I need drive, good posture, then the second though, whatever you need to do. Get into it, get into your stride, running it back straight.   Got some downtime tomorrow, feet no football training, so we'll leave it all out here today, this afternoon. Good session this morning, let's get through this afternoon. 45 on, 15 off, did it last week, gonna build on some volume there, yeah? It's gonna be three rocks a day. It's gonna be at the bottom, where there's a problem, double session is in your legs, you'll get that in your mind, yeah? You've got to get through it, right there at your level.  Very easy to juggle during this, very easy to use all the other excuses, yeah? That's probably got a day off tomorrow, get it done, yeah? Yeah. Okay, do the same groups as you were, take it through, short, long, and get water, yeah, yeah, yeah, some gels in there as well, but get water, get water. Third group, exercises, GPS one in the briefcase, we will see you in the pool when we get back before dinner. Gileo with that. Gracias. Hola. Oh no lads, Sporty is after the bleep test, how was that? That's it, the only way is up. That's the hardest thing I've been in pre-season ever. Ever, ever. How about that lads? It's like a high-session tour so far. Wow. How about you, Kells? Yeah.    It's good for a break, but... I think it's not easy. I expect that to be easy. No, but what do you think? No, that way.  Look at here, mate. So, wohoho. Look at that, that is phenomenal. Oh yeah. That's so kitschy, man. It's brilliant.  Kells is kneeling and it's gonna still keep it out of the water.  After every run, I'm gonna take a break and dash it. Jay, catch it. Yeah. Catch it. Whoa, great relief. Oh, mate, is that your car as well? That is phenomenal. Here you go. Got the barculturing. Show me the barculturing. Show me the barculturing. Show me the barculturing.  It's part of the Tesco meal deal. Nah, yours is... Yours is alright. Get the wet look permanently wet, permanent wet look. Yeah, show us a little dive then. We'll get some camera work here.  Oh, in the front. In the back. What have you got there? You do it? Yeah, I do it. Pooly man there. The man is ill. Pooly ill. But he's confident. Nah. Not at all. Nah. Well aye. No, I'm not really. That's what's there. Ripping for the Mackams. Excuse me. Sure it is. Get out. All the best boys. Thank you. Thank you very much. I'm surprised it's not got more media coverage than it has. You'd expect the lights to start. The national, yeah, the national press should really be on this. Yeah. Happy girl, mate. Keen, these boys are doing a lot of talking.  Making me debut here today. Oh, put a commentary. Got Eastie stepping up here. He's been very confident all morning. Got the driver out as well. Not sure about his long socks. 10 lines for fun. Good swing though. Children's clubs today for Eastie. Oh, Matt's a lost ball. That is a lost ball. You don't like seeing that. Are we letting them have a mulligan on that one? Anyway, onto more important matters. We have Keen Herrett stepping up now. He wants the big stick. Biceps are out. He's feeling very confident. In the hot hole, Matt. Where is that going? No good. Where did that go, mate? It's like straight over the trees on the right, but like, mate, it's in play. It's in play and it's massive as well. Here we are. I've arrived. It's hot in Spain, Izumi. It's obviously my go-kart in today because the rest of the boys went to go. You know what I'm saying? What's your name? My name is Yang. My name is Emmanuel. I'm a student at Lento. What do you say? You say, what's going on? What's going on? What's going on? In Spanish, like in English. What's your name? What's your name? What's your name? At least, speak Spanish, man. Speak Spanish. What's your name? You're nervous. Why am I nervous? Here we are. It's the F1 family. We're cooking. Yang knows that he just got a prison. What am I saying? This is funny. Lunch ladies. Here we are at the Spanish Grand Prix. The Spanish Grand Prix is the title race. We have Louis Lee Angleton, Oscar, Dom, Sparks, the man who runs the whole gaffe. Spanish Grand Prix, live and... Here we are. Here I am. I'm racing because I already smoked them in the first one. Here is the Spanish slash French slash Cameroonian lizard. Tell them what time it is. Grand Prix time. Let's go. This is interesting. My money is on Oscar. Let's Oscar. Clearly, Yang didn't get the memo. Clearly. He's gone. Sparks are in front of the angle there. Oscar, Yang, the wonder kid. Dom, the kid man. And the media guy. Here we go. Straight in goes Oscar. Wonder kid is taken in front. This is good. This is good. And Yang is overtaking Lee Angleton. And it's Yang in front. Oh no. Oh, Lee's at the back. Lee's at the back. And the media guy still at the back, obviously. Oscar and Sparks battling it out there. I knew my money was on Oscar. I said it. Come on, Oscar. Oscar's out in front. Sparks is second. First place. Oh, this is good. Yeah. Call it a day, bro. Here you go, home. Wonder kid, well done. Wonder kid, well done. That was a fantastic... No, I can't lie, that race was top tier. Ozzy, were you finishing in this one? I'm starting at the back, so I'm hoping third, least. Nice. Nice. Yang, were you finishing? I'm looking for the championship. Of course he is. He's at the top. Lee, were you finishing? You going for number one? No. Not going for number one, huh? I will actually. Four of you? Yeah. Lee, were you finishing? Yeah, a podium. Nice. Nice. I'm vicious. Yang, incredible race. I told you. I told you. That's what I do all about the championship. That's what I do. That's what I do. Yeah? That's what I do. Yeah? Yeah, he's not ready for this. Right, so in third place, we've got Mr. Sparks. We've got Ozzy. And in first place, Yang. Lee, Yang, the man. Lee, Yang. Always had it in the bag. So, tools up the fork. You're here grounded.


My name is Michele Scolatti, I'm a medical doctor, I work as a clinical nutritionist, so I have a subspecialization in the field of obesity and ingestive behavior. I did some research in the US, in the laboratory of ingestive behavior led by Professor Barbara Rawls, who inspired me, and I'm here now to talk about the yogurt, and in particularly the yogurt during childhood. Things that make yogurt so special are bacteria, which are responsible for its fermentation, and add nutritional values, both for nutrients, micron and micronutrients, and for its probiotic properties. The nutritional properties of yogurt, or at least the nutritional profile of yogurt, includes a substantial amount of micron micronutrients, such as high quality proteins, which are rich in essential amino acids, and particular kinds of lipids, such as guinegated linoleic acids, vitamins, such as B2, B12 and B3, and minerals, such as for particular calcium, but even zinc or iodine. In general, overall, it is considered to be a nutrient-dense food, and a low energy density food, and being a nutrient-dense food is essential for a healthy food. From a sensory and taste perspective, yogurt is a sour food and may play a role in the flavor learning processes during childhood, thanks to its creamy texture, widening the spectrum of other sour food-eaten, such as fruits. Yogurt is one of the best sources of calcium, whose high bioavailability is granted by milk protein-casin that increases calcium solubility and absorption rate. Its bioavailability is granted by the acid matrix of the product and enhanced by lack of absorption inhibitors in milk. Talking about minerals, it also provides smaller amount of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and potassium. Affordability is an important feature, and yogurt is an affordable source of calcium and of other important nutrients for growing children. So, children who consume yogurt show higher intake of dietary fiber and lower intake of total fat and sodium compared to non-consumers. These results suggest that yogurt consumers eat higher amounts of healthy food. Yogurt consumption might displace energy-dense snacks, such as sweets, and probably, also for this reason, higher consumption of yogurt throughout childhood is related to a higher diet quality. Nonetheless, advice must be given to choosing the right product and avoid increasing the total free sugars intake. The beneficial effects of yogurt are multiple. For example, improved glucose tolerance, better results on overweight and obesity rates, and in different studies both in Europe and the US, the regular yogurt consumptions led to a decrease of 20% in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. In other studies, yogurt is associated with an improvement in metabolic profile, including biomarkers for cardiovascular risk, such as triglycerides, glucose, lower blood pressure, and insulin resistance. In the malimpulation of ketomic microbiota composition by yogurt and probiotic consumption during infancy, could offer an interesting approach to prevent childhood obesity, health related to asbiosis, as well as immune function. Common infectious diseases are endemic in the pediatric population, such as upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and gastrointestinal tract infections. Children attending die-care centers are particularly vulnerable to common infection diseases, and preventive intervention within this population has been evaluated. A lower incidence rate for common infection diseases and a reduced, redacted risk of upper respiratory tract infections were observed among pre-schooler children, and a lower incidence of gastrointestinal episodes was reported in infants when they were supplemented with a probiotic dietary-diary drink containing lactobacillus casae or lactobacillus reumnosus. Additionally, in toddlers, probiotic yogurt may reduce rhinitis episodes. Regarding gastrointestinal diseases, supplementation with probiotic yogurt leads to a lower incidence of severe diarrhea in children. Contrary to yogurt during early childhood has a potential role in reducing the risk of atopic related diseases, in particularly promising effects of reduced risk of atopic dermatitis in children. This is because the higher proportion of favorable species, for example, befidobacterial, was considered consistently linked to the reduction of the production of cytokines, in particularly interleukin-6, and this was associated with a reduced systemic response to the antigens. Cal-mit proteins in yogurt are partially degraded into bioactive peptides, thanks to the enzymatic activity of the living cultures, resulting in compounds with potential health benefits, such as lacto-peptides with anti-hypertensive effects, or the sequence-knit 94-123-beta-bovine-casain, which increases the production of mucine. Medicine is an important component of the mucous layer, essential for the intestinal burial and crucial for a healthy symbiosis between gut and microbiota. The gut microbioma is a crucial factor in defining the host health status. From the gut health up to its intriguing implications, such as the gut-perinaxis, overall we can say that in the world of medicine, we are facing a clinical revolution. Health, in fact, is strongly related to the quality of our microbiota, and targeting microbiota at these doses would be a huge challenge for medicine. Yogurta fermented milk currently constitutes the principal food vehicle for the administration of probiotics in the human population. Very products may affect the gut microbiota, mainly via three different mechanistic pathways. The first is via enhancing the growth of beneficial probiotic strains, suppressing the pathogenic strains, and the third is altering the gastrointestinal environment, for example influencing the composition of the mucous layer. Conventional yogurt is fermented with streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bicaricus, but on the market there is a large variety of yogurt made with probiotic strains. The most common are lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidus, bifidobacterium lactis, lactobacillum case, or lactobacillus ramnosus. The benefits of yogurt consumption are most likely due to its effects on the gut microbiota. For this reason I encourage the introduction of probiotic yogurts besides conventional yogurt. Being diversity one of the key features of a healthy microbiota, variety of probiotic strains ingested with probiotic yogurts is, in my opinion, desirable.


Good morning guys welcome back to another week in my life log. It is Monday morning I'm gonna get started with the workout. I think I might get the habits tracker and Get some habits going this week. I feel like I already have them But I want to track them still thinking about getting an apple watch this thing goes really good Make it on my cousin was in town. So it was my siblings and two of my cousins Coco, no, I hosted family dinner here last night just a really good time Gonna go to the dogs on the walk do 12 3 30 have an energy drink I will catch up with you guys after I'm working in my house at night. Yeah. Oh, also. I wanted to show you guys these shorts I forgot that's why I'm blogging these Shorts are the Lulu Align dupes. I've already shared with you guys the legging dupes I really love the Lulu Align ladies. I wear them all the time. They've been like lifelong favs of mine They feel like better on you. They're just like so comfortable Normal like biker shorts, but they feel just like the Align ones and I think they're like 20 bucks I'll have them linked below, but I'm gonna get them in every color. I have navy blue And I just so obsessed with them like I'm literally gonna wear them I receive a day want to take a quick break to talk to you about the sponsor of today's video Chirology, I am their biggest fan I've gotten so many friends in real life hooked on them like guy friends at this point even dog Chirology and it's like our favorite skincare So if you guys are unaware of Chirology creates custom skincare for you you go online take a little quiz It doesn't take long at all and they have dermatology Providers on the site that you can connect with so then you end up getting a custom formula as you see It says my name on it. I use the cleanser morning and night I use my moisturizer and then I use this at night. Okay, so this thing is next level My skin is literally completely clear and it also helps with like the texture and the tone for me Just watch my face. I'm putting on the moisturizer But if you guys want you guys can get the first month free all you do is pay for shipping and handling which is 495 I will have it linked below like I cannot describe to you how incredible my skin looks and feels I talk about Chirology even in videos if they're not sponsoring you guys know that I love them I will have everything linked down below. Thank you to Chirology for sponsoring today's video Literally got my nails done like three days ago Happy Monday everyone again. I finished my workout. I just showered. I got ready So I am currently listening to an MLA podcast. I'm making some breakfast I have my Monday morning call for the week in like 10 minutes that I need to Be ready for by the way this toaster oven air fryer You can't even see it guys my nail actually hurts, but this thing It's so good It looks so much better than an air fryer on your counter And it also helps with space because I don't have a toaster and an air fryer So I love that. I love my Hector duck at my sibling's house both of them and it's really ruining my life I don't even have a coffee right now. I don't know what I want guys. So today on the agenda Dom and I are working on some stuff. We're also filming a video for my channel I need to get some computer work done until then And just like plan some episodes and stuff. I have a big recording day tomorrow This is gonna be like a work week in my life I really tried to not work on the weekends But yesterday I ended up working like honestly for probably like six hours on a Sunday, which I tried to not do I have so many avocados right now. Okay. This is not the avocado that I want This is a really like grand deal heavy week I think like ten deals that I need to shoot and send in this week. So I have a lot of filming a lot of shooting Yeah, that's that's what we're doing guys It's gonna be good. Now I have to get my nail fixed. I'm gonna meet the best place you I'm going through I've already planned out my day, but I'm gonna write it out because for some reason that helps me So I'm using the daily agenda by Mantra Sundays I really like this one because it's hourly and that's what I need I normally do this night before but I already did this on my Google Calendar So I'm basically just transferring it because for some reason it helps me. I don't know Normally work right here. This is like the best lighting in my house So I really like working here Monday mornings at 10 a.m I have a call with Carly who runs the podcast Instagram edit some of my videos edits the podcast YouTube channel so if you haven't seen that we've been uploading a lot of the podcast actually the video of it to YouTube So you guys can check that out. I have the channel linked below. Anyways, it's 10 a.m. So I'm gonna call her hi Listening to an emilyp podcast. I love emilyp's podcast Especially on a Monday morning when you need like a little bit more motivation But I actually am gonna listen to a few episodes with guests that I'm having on my podcast this week I like doing this just to get more of a feel if I haven't met them and to make sure I'm not asking them the exact same questions That everyone else is asking them so this week I'm having Dr. Will Cole on and Jason Reed. So I'm trying to figure out like what round I want to do I post some Instagram stories To see what you guys want to hear from them and to do that and make my outlines for the episodes I'm about to wake up Dom. It is new but something that I really try to do It's something I learned from emilyp and I don't do it to the tee of like what he does But he splits his days into three parts. So he basically gets three days in one Anyway, today is a filming day. We are filming a cooking with Kenzie video Also, oh by the time this vlog goes up You guys already know about our live show, but this will be the first time talking about it So when Dom gets in the car, we'll talk about it It's a virtual live show, but we would love for all of you guys to come and if this does well Then maybe post COVID we can actually do live shows. So Essentially, we really need this to do very well To make our dreams come true. I haven't been wearing this bag with a strap I've been using the strap lately, but I guess this is what we're doing today in my outfit I just have some girlfriend denim on this it I like these jeans because they have this like line back here on a little bit different This is revolve white fox. I feel weird right my purse like this actually but really trashed Air forces He's just saying I'm really depressed today So when you said you didn't have a milk, it just made me a little more sad Yeah, it's not Thank you so much. We love you He like doesn't get it. He doesn't get it like it's not the one that like thinks we're funny I think it thinks we're funny, but I don't think it gets it I don't think I'm funny cuz like that's all I have to give I think it's more of a reflection on that than you Like they don't get it. You know when people are like, why is it that I'm too much and you're not and why isn't it you're not enough? Just think of it that way. They're like get these girls out of here. They're talking about the oat milk Have you seen tick-tock oat milk Starbucks shortage wait Starbucks shortage. No, oh milk. Starbates Are you on the side of tick-tock yet where they're talking about how no Starbucks have oat milk No, oh, I think Emily June started it. I think she started it too. Emily June starts a lot of things She really does. I'm gonna say I want to apologize to the man who took my order. Thank you Thank you to the person who took my order tell them I was just messing around like I'm not I oh I was just joking about the oat milk. She's closing drama Yeah I was joking Dom and I are in the middle of Filming a video, but we decided that we needed to take a field trip because we saw that the real real open on Nox Henderson Also, this is our new beautiful restoration hardware where I will be working every single day And this is beautiful. It's very happy to see very happy to see here. Yes Beautiful who's good for selling bags think how we have one now You heard y'all love luxury dollars. We love you the real real we do So I just want to go check out the construction. Just see what the update is here really I mean it looks relatively done to me. Yeah, they're really fitting in work. Yeah, they really are guys So beautiful. This is where I'm gonna be like every day Yeah, that's finished for a bit. You need to go. No, I feel like that's like we're all the frat boys are gonna be We can pick you up a man. I'm not 405 on a Monday afternoon and Just finished filming cleaning this up. I'm gonna drop Dom off I'm gonna drop off leftovers from a family dinner last night I made my sister didn't show for because she wants pasta I have some leftover, so I'm gonna give it to her for dinner and Yeah, I don't know guys. I'm really tired I wasn't really a filming mood today, but we like have to get this video since it's still a great video Stay tuned everyone.  I'm back home I'm really excited because my skinny confidential Hot mess roller came in the mail. It literally looks like a vintage Barbie box It is so cute. I'm so excited So like obviously I'm not gonna do it right now, but this thing is Massive normally I have ice rollers and they're just not really great I mean, I love what they do but the actual tool itself is always kind of cheap This just feels like so good even the thumbprint holder. I mean wow apparently this stays cold for like so long too This is very exciting like very very exciting take it off my day I have about an hour left of computer work I want to say and then I'm gonna take a nice shower a nice little Relaxing time and then Alyssa is coming over and bringing ramen for dinner for us guys. I don't know if you can even tell Okay, actually if you can look I got lights from Amazon that are like $20 and you just like attach them below Right, okay. Let me show you the difference. It looks I feel rich now I don't know why Alyssa look at the difference. Okay off Right, and I'll do off over here. This is here by the way guys You see that yes, that's the before Wow Doesn't it look rich and then you know, I say that as my outlets still are not covered. Yeah, it's fine. Oh What I did wow So I'm gonna get more every there, but it makes a very big difference especially at night I can only imagine how much cozier this is I mean, I'm really happy about it. Oh My god so many things and here we are Wobby house Back to your regular schedule programming and we're watching we're studying a new show tonight Wow fits is ready You're so cute you're so cute happy. Oh my god, it's cold right now guys. Whoo Okay, I use this last night and I loved it. Good morning everyone. It is Tuesday morning I am recording three episodes today, and then I think I have three meetings and then I need to do probably like two or three hours of Computer works and stuff to my editor and things like that actually I'm recording four episodes today So anyways happy Tuesday everyone I'm rolling out my face with my skin to go financial ice roller I'm gonna go to a sculpt and restore class. It's like a Pilates class I have not gone really at all to work out classes since COVID obviously I just got used to working out at my house too. I'm like I have a gym here and I was doing Pilates on Zoom But I felt like going today in person and treating myself. So that is what I'm doing This just feels so incredible Doesn't even do anything. I don't think but anyways Tuesdays are normally podcast days for me. So I'll record For my own probably a couple episodes and then sometimes I'll do other people's they try to keep meetings on Tuesdays and Wednesdays Which like really doesn't always work out of my favor, but wow and my skin feels incredible Great, I'm gonna leave this thing out She says you can leave it out and it's still cold for a long time So I want to just test that because it's freezing right now. I'll keep you guys posted I haven't gotten my nail fixed, but it is what it is get a journal this morning do a little divo Situation also like I really don't like this journal like the look of it I need new ones where do you guys get your journals that I would like I'm very picky I want like a neutral mature sleek looking ones. I really don't like this one, but it's just what I have I'm finishing it. I'm on my way to Pilates. I'm actually so excited Something that's really good when I work from home specifically is like getting out in the morning If I'm obviously just gonna be working from home all day I like getting out of my house and most of the time. That's just like a morning walk with the dogs But I was really feeling a Pilates class today. So also these protein bars from a lot of you are so good I forgot that I have them in my pantry. So I've been eating them the past few days and they are Bump. Oh, I should have taken it. I should have grabbed an energy drink their tropical energy drinks That's the one I've been drinking lately. So good. It's like not even funny if you live in Dallas and you Have a favorite workout class comment below and let me know what it is. I'm very picky But I need some more my favorite studio in Dallas is definitely class studios There's two of them and if you want to go to the school class, which is what I'm doing But I love the spin which is West Village and they have a Beyonce versus Bernie Deemed right tonight, which like took everything in me to not look that one instead, but I really want to Pilates today. So Anyways, I'm gonna finish listening to my at my leg. Dr. Caroline podcast And get to my workout and I'm just so excited for when I leave my workout and I just feel incredible Thank you. All right guys ignore the Horn that is going off down stop. I just got off of two recordings. The first one was with Jason Reed, which is I feel like I need to give like a little bit of a trigger warning for the next like 10 seconds But he lost his sense of suicide and we talked all about that and like teenage mental health And it was just a great episode and then I recorded with dr. Will Cole He is who's on group podcast for a while. He had his own shows No, he has his own show now, but he was like on other shows you probably recognize him from Being like when it's basically like health coach. I think is like his official title. I know these things can be Sort of looking for like controversial especially with health things But one with the show This is actually something I've been wanting to talk about for a while because I would get attacked for like random guests and stuff Okay, here's the thing about having a show or a podcast I love shows that have different people on from different perspectives. I never want I completely agree with Lord ever It's about this or Bostek I don't want all my friends that think the same way as me to like view everything the same way I think that's how you grow and even if you don't agree with someone I think it's really cool to like hear them out and even just gain perspective Even if you continue to not agree with them go with the mom who's very into functional medicine So that's just all I'm gonna say about that just think in general in my life I don't want to only surround myself with people who think the same way as me And the second thing with that is that how boring would the show be if I only brought on people who think the exact same way as me? You know what I mean? I don't know at all You know what I mean, so I just like learning and I like hearing people from different perspectives And if that it one episode is an up your alley like totally fine. That's totally cool I do want to run my labs with dr. Will and just get stuff done I've been wanting to get my labs run with a functional doctor for Like honestly probably three years and even yesterday I call my mom and I was like there's just something off with me I need to like figure this out. It's like you need to go into functional medicine right now So I really want to share my journey with it and I want to be respectful in a way of I know It's not everyone's cup of tea But there are also a lot of other people who are just interested in it And I think that there can be an in-between where it's like hey if this isn't your thing I just don't watch the video. You know what I mean trying to find that balance anyways I have a call in six minutes For dominize a live show virtual live show which now I can say that the blogs we've been working on that for a while That's what the shoot was for by the time this video comes out It'll be announced in the promo and whatever I will have everything down below Buy your tickets guys because if you want us to do anything fun together in the future Like an actual tour actual live shows post cobin We need the stats quite honestly to prove that we can sell so But also it's gonna be really really fun. We're very excited We're actually shooting video content for it again this week. We've been working on it non-stop. There will be merch It's actually really cute. It looks like a tour t-shirt. It's really fun. You guys are gonna like it So anyways, I put my phone in the charger. I think I'm gonna make some dinner Or lunch Just made this beautiful salad.  It's so good. It's like a Melissa Wood health inspired recipe kind of I mean It's like a random salad. I just put hummus in it and Mary's crackers like hers But it's really filling and it's really easy because I just keep everything together in the fridge So it takes me like five minutes. All right. I'm actually in my garage I've been working just working on guest pitches things like that sending out a bunch of emails things that you don't care about I've actually randomly Been on like Erica from barstools tick-tock. So I'm watching some of her podcast. I actually really like them She's actually really cool doing my laundry right now And this is a work-related activity because I'm filming a skims video tomorrow So I need to find all the clothes because they're all in there and Fitz is here Coco's here. I'm also planning. I have a lot of really cool guests coming out to the podcast which I'm excited about It's 5 p.m. I'm probably gonna do like another hour or so of work And then I actually really need to read for like three hours today because I am not ahead on my reading goal I'm my goal for 2021 is to read a hundred books I'm at like 30. Just so you know, I have anxiety, but I'm also in any anger. I'm three Started reading because it caused my anxiety then I decided I'm gonna read a hundred books in 2021 And now the fact that I'm not two books ahead of schedule stresses me out Here we are everyone Okay guys, it is currently 7 30 it said came over at 6 and we worked out I just said 12 through 30.  It was hard waking up But honestly like we look a really deep talk in the middle of the workout. It was a great morning so far Today I have a lot of things to do. Let me let me see I'm currently looking at Dallas tennis instructors for me and my friends Sorry guys my camera died, but I did find my revolve leather jacket That is my favorite leather jacket ever and it's so expensive if you guys watch the vlogs You know, I thought I lost it like two weeks ago It was behind my chair the whole time. Don't tell my friends. They're like actually gonna murder me I got so many calls. That's why when I posted it to my story. It was just you know, it was a lot It's me. I'm back. It's 7 30 No, why like I have a frame tv And for some reason it acts like it's not connected to the internet every day and I have to like disconnect and reconnect it Every time uh, oh my gosh guys Anyways, what I'm doing tonight honestly I don't have My to-do list right now. I love it is so unorganized, but I'm getting my new one built next week So I'm just like why would I organize it? Okay. Also, I'm wearing my amazon workout set. This one is under 30 dollars Comment below I'm gonna do this video if you guys want to see an amazon Fitness faves video because I have a lot of pieces from them that are really good And I can definitely do that for you guys. Okay. Well I need to film A few videos. I'm doing a deal with skims, which is like probably the coolest thing that's ever happened to me I need to film my skims video. I have some calls. I need to edit. I need to work I need to start writing some stuff. There's a lot going on and My dogs are not helping any of it. So what's new am I right also? By the way, I got this canopy humidifier, which honestly I ordered like two months ago And maybe longer than that. I totally forgot even ordered it and I really like it. Um, I've only used it one day Here's my skims drawer. I need to get stuff out of there But I just felt like I really needed a humidifier. So also this is like so I don't know who messed this up, but Whatever, I'm just gonna move this over here. Anyways Got some oils and stuff. I just refilled it. It's looking beautiful. What a peaceful morning. I'm having things guys I need to do my laundry All right guys, I'm ready for today. It's 9 a.m. I love the whole waking up early really early morning workout thing I love the whole like early morning workout. I've already listened to like three podcasts like I'm feeling good Just made my go-to breakfast. This is what I have like every single morning. I'm gonna make some coffee after this I'm listening to npr how I built this. I love how I built this I feel like I've just had so much going on in my mind lately So I'm trying to like get my life together. I feel like I've just kind of been all over the place like mentally emotionally Yeah, those two things lately. Um, and so I'm trying to get back to like my morning like rituals that I do that really Help me. Um, I have a few things.  There's like the daily stoic There's a lot of things like that. I even like just quote books and stuff. I love the emotional healthy Um day by day. That's one of my favorite when I've ever done There's a morning and a nighttime reading and I got what I got this one on emotionally healthy relationships It's not like romantic. It's like just relationships the whole I loved the normal one so much This is it. I finished it. Um, then I wanted to try this so day one of this Also five minute journal.  It's really good and why I say that as I've been off my routine You're getting back on it. Okay, and then I'll even do like morning pages Which is where you just write for three pages straight as soon as you wake up So I didn't do it right this morning, but it's really helpful if you have anxiety You wake up anxious or if you're like, I have no idea what I'm doing with my life Like it's a good thing to do It's a good thing to do We please, you know, we bear guys I am so excited I've been filming for the past few hours. I just got my 437 packaging. I got the Kinsey actually ironically It's called the Kinsey Bikini and it's my favorite color Um, but the bottom's gonna come in. I need to send over footage. I just shoot something for puma I need to plan and record a solo episode. I need to edit two videos. I need to write for two hours Yeah, I think that's pretty much what I'm doing today So I started to finish my coffee. I made this coffee guys. Look at my outfit right now Like this is what happens when you're filming. All right, everyone. I've just been working on my computer. I made some lunch It's the same as solid. I'm gonna do a reel of it, but it is so bomb This is like my go-to every day solid. It takes me two minutes to make Um, but I'm just editing getting much of work done Same old stuff. So now it is 2 p.m. I have calls starting at 3 But I'm actually going to record some ads and a solo podcast episode Um, it's gonna be shorter because at the end of my podcast episodes I do one solo episode a month, but it's like half of an episode of solo in the last half is book club Um, this month we're reading with lorna elizabeth and if you guys are ever wanting to read along with us It's always posted to the instagram This was the book the perfect marriage. I actually really liked it. I have a few critiques I'm not gonna lie, but I do think it was a good pick. Hello. Hello, everyone. Welcome back to the i love you so much podcast I'm your host kenzie little bit I just want to document this moment really quickly because it's probably like one of the cool other coolest things that I've ever done um, today I filmed a skin steal and I am currently About to record an ad read for sofia bushes podcast if you would have told my high school self that I would be Getting paid to advertise sofia bushes podcast. I would have cried and I don't mean this in like a bragging way I just mean like anything is possible once your hill was my favorite show is honestly to this day my favorite show I binge watched at sophomore year of high school. I Live for sofia bush. I love her podcast like this is probably like one of the coolest things ever I just say follow your dreams kids because this is crazy. Yeah, and then I can um Once I saw the run of show which looks great. I don't obviously it couldn't change if you want it to change So I just finished that meeting it was really good. We went through run of show So that was with like part of my team and then our producer for the live show Which is very exciting with the run of show I'm like kind of thinking we're gonna switch a few things up I don't know if you guys haven't bought your tickets yet Please buy them because I'm so afraid that like no one will buy them And I know that you probably will buy them last minute if you're gonna come But it would make me feel so much better and be able to like actually sleep through the night If you guys buy them as soon as possible. Okay, this is what fits does when I work. He just sleeps I mean he is the most handsome man Oh, hi Hi cutie Hi cutie. Oh my gosh. You're so cute. Ah, look at your little paw.  He is so big like do you understand how big that is? I cannot believe it. I'm really hungry. It's only four, but I'm like actually making dinner Because I just know I'm not gonna feel like it later. I don't know guys weird schedule And then I need to edit for a few hours. So That is what is on the agenda. I'm gonna make my favorite pasta that I've been making. I have a reel about it Okay, looks amazing Recipes are always on my instagram Okay, guys, it's four something five I think I'm gonna go take a nice little relaxing bath and then get cozy in the edit That's how I like to edit. I like I don't know. I don't have a really nice night to myself Oh, I've got a new journal I know I mentioned this vlog that I really don't like the one I have and it's got like a norm normal like moleskin Which like I'm also like Okay with I fun fact guys Dotted journals. I Realize this in college that I'm a dotted journal sort of gal Um, I really like it for taking notes and stuff But anyways that is that morning everyone today is a little bit of a slow morning if you will it's thursday It's definitely not raining, but it feels like it's like a rainy morning for some reason Happy thursday morning everyone. I was supposed to go to Um, like seven a.m spin class, but honestly like I woke up I was so sore. I've been working out so much and I just It wasn't gonna happen today. I might work out later, but if I want to take the day off I don't care. I'm gonna make some breakfast. I need to get Um kind of started on my day Off to make coffee we go everyone. I'm wearing twin flames. It's so cute Okay, jobs all for the name of a pot in here. Okay, so that was glass What a good start to my morning everyone. Oh my gosh today. We're announcing the live show Which is exciting. So this morning I'm gonna do some work on our live show I'm gonna edit a video to send in.  We're doing like um house tours We're doing I don't want to give it all away right now, but we're doing some cool stuff And it's okay, so Julie you All right guys, I just got ready for today I'm like so weird about getting ready because later I'm working out and then I have a dinner tonight and I just know I have to get ready again So normally just like wouldn't get ready earlier. I don't know. Are you guys like this? This is a really casual outfit. Um my closet like I said is so unorganized So I can't really find any cute clothes that I really want to wear Until it is set up because I'm just refusing to go through it until my new closet is set up Hopefully next week, but this body suit is misguided. I just got it. I just thought it was super cute cozy It's actually kind of cold today. I don't know what's going on My favorite jeans from princess poly and then just white docks and that is the look Okay, we have 35 minutes until we announce the show So I need to be at my computer. I have like a few things I need to do before that It's very very exciting everyone We are posting right now, which is very exciting. I'm having some technical difficulties But what's new Guys, this is so exciting Dom and okay. Hi guys. I want to I can't wait to see you there We did a recreation of the Bestie video. It's just so good It is just so good It's 1 p.m. I'm off to therapy. We've announced it's going great. You guys are being so nice in the comments Oh, I have a candle burning Um, so when I get back dom and I actually are shooting a few videos For the tour today We moved a little bit up because I'm supposed to have like a furniture delivery tomorrow I have to shoot for puma Um, and then I need to just do other work that like no one cares about Off the therapy everyone. I need a snack.  I am but like that's the thing that's weird That's between you and I Here's the thing. I know that it's actually for real with you because you never say anyone's cute ever Ever I see you everyone.  Yeah, or no, that's not true. That's not true But it's a plus. No, it's true No, yeah, I'm not into shy boys that much. That's true You have dated chan boys before We're gonna go for tour Let's play and then we're gonna shoot one photo and then we're done with our camera for the day But we do need you to stop this. It'll be a very funny video. Have you been like working on some bits for this? Yeah I have some good profit. I was just gonna rest Okay. Bye guys. Bye tickets for the tour. Bye tickets. If you don't How do you feel like you announced someone today? What? I felt like the announcement was great. I was in the middle of a Like a dm fight and then I realized that we were announcing and I blocked them and you're like, I don't have time for this I think we should have done a better job of a countdown and even think about that But I think we did a great job They're weird Stop. I mean like last week though. It's been like one week to not yesterday So, okay, we're gonna go. Bye. Do you not want investors because you just want more control? Like what is the what's the benefit and the cost so investors are awesome in one day We will need them, but I want to retain my equity until I don't need


Our guest this weekend is Pair Bieland, a professor of economics at Oklahoma State University, where he runs their entrepreneurship center. He's also a great friend of the Mises Institute and a longtime affiliated scholar of ours. With everything going on in Europe and the refugee crisis, we decided to tackle the thorny issue from a libertarian perspective of immigration. Pair wrote a seminal foundational article way back in 2005 that really lays out the case for examining immigration as a property rights issue, not an open borders issue, which is inherently statist in nature. So we're going to discuss the open borders libertarian position, some of the Hopian counter arguments to this, especially in the context of modern current welfare states. We're also going to talk about the effects of immigration on culture. As Pair is a Swede who has seen mass immigration change the face and facade of his own home country. If you're interested in immigration and culture and the unfolding crisis in Europe, stay tuned for a great interview with Pair Bieland. Well, Pair Bieland, thanks so much for joining us and welcome to Mises Weekends. Thank you. Great to be with you. Well, our topic today is immigration and of course this has been very much in the news with the refugee crisis in Europe. You wrote an article back in 2005 that we ran earlier this week at Mises.org called Refugees and Migrants in a World of Government Meddling. I thought this article was fantastic. So I want to use it as a starting point. You know, a lot of libertarians argue that open borders, as the term is used, is the only libertarian position. And as you point out in this article, that's a bit of a strawman, isn't it? No anarcho-capitalists are arguing for a state. So obviously we're not arguing for borders, but you make the point that open borders is an irrelevant argument because the real regulator of human migration ought to be property rights. Exactly. And I think actually minor kids would say the same thing, even though they're for a government, I don't think they want to protect the national territory from people entering voluntarily and who are welcome. They don't want to regulate that. That's not part of their inner and outer defense.  That's the only kind of defense that there is. When we look at what's happening in Europe, this may be a manufactured refugee crisis in the sense that these may not be really truly refugees in the way we've used that term historically. But nonetheless, hypothetically, how should a libertarian society respond if boatloads of impoverished people in very desperate straits show up on their shores? Property rights does not imply that we machine gun these people, right? So do you think a libertarian society would have a particular response? I don't think a libertarian society would have any response to anything, really, because the society doesn't respond. Individuals respond. So what you would see is some property owners accepting people and being very charitable and generous. And if they want to have tents or whatever on their properties, then that's fine. And they have to deal with diplomacy really with neighbors. Some neighbors will not want anyone on their property. And that's their response. It's not really a libertarian society response. And that's part of the problem now, I think, that everything is really, it's a crisis with people migrating from one area to the other, not because they necessarily want to voluntarily, but because they're forced to, and their governments at both ends. No wonder these people are screwed. Well, let's walk through some of the open borders arguments that libertarians make quickly. One argument I've heard several times is that just because we have a welfare state and that provides an inducement for migrants, we shouldn't compound that error by having another status policy, i.e., a border that is controlled. Right. And there's truth to that. Right? I mean, it's really two issues and two parts of government. One is government handouts, which we're talking about the welfare state. And the other is government artificially putting up borders or restrictions saying that some people are entitled to the handouts that we give out, which are really still in property. Some people are not. I've also heard argued by Donald Boudreau, who's a professor at George Mason, that while we do have a welfare state and we do have a government, at least for the foreseeable future, it's a very bad idea for libertarians to say that that government ought to mimic property owners and use government force to protect private property rights. This could lead to a huge growth or expansion of the state apparatus. Yeah. I mean, every libertarian argument, I think, has a point and every libertarian argument doesn't cover all the points, all the bases. And I think a problem here is that the protection of property rights is not that obvious what it is. Protection of property rights as in your home, whatever you have legitimate claim to. Yes. Who is property rights to what the government has and hands out? What is that? Who has it just claim to what the government has at present? I mean, who is the owner of this percentage of property that is forfeited through printing money, for instance? You can't even trace that. It's impossible. So the question is, is it really property or is it just for grabs? It's sort of the argument that we have between Walter Block and Bumperfee, right? I mean, can you as a professor work for a public university or not? Walter would claim that, yeah, you can. You should take as much as possible from the government because the government is illegitimate and everything is stolen property. You should take back as much as you can. Whereas Bob Murphy would argue that, no, you don't want any part of it. Immigration is sort of the same thing, right? Yeah, it is. And there's so many layers of the onion over so many decades of government meddling to peel. Let's address some of the Hoppean arguments. Now, Hoppe has been attacked as someone who's for borders or state force. When it comes to immigration, I think this is not true. I think this is a straw man argument. But nonetheless, let's go through some of these. One argument that Hoppe makes is that there's a difference between migration of goods, free trade, and humans because goods by definition have been invited. There's a customer or a consumer for those goods, whereas human migration can just be an immigrant making a decision all on their own to enter another country without any invitation. Yeah, I suppose there is some truth to that, too. The problem is not private property, again, it's public property. And the question then is, is there ownership of this public property or is there not? And that's really the core of it, because when you enter a country, usually you do not enter anyone's private property. If you do, if there is like a private say airport or a private terrain station or something like that, then it's not really an issue. As long as you're allowed to be there, it's not a problem from the Hoppean perspective or shouldn't be. The problem is if you're using the roads or if you're staying in a public park and things like that. And then I think it's a stretch to say that, well, the people who live in this country are taxed and this taxes are used to finance this public park. So the people of the United States of America, they have a rightful claim to this park. People in other countries do not. I think that is a big stretch simply because what you're looking at is really the consequences of actions. You're saying that, well, we are oppressed because we pay taxes. Well, we're also blessed because we get all of these other things that the government is just redistributing. So who is really a net tax consumer or who is contributing on a net? And does that really matter? Because when we're talking about a specific property, we're not talking about parks as a concept. We're talking about this one park. Who has really contributed to this park? Who has really benefited the most from this park? So would you say that someone who pays a little bit in taxes lives nearby and enjoys the view a little now and then? That compared to a rich guy who's paying a lot of taxes and he's using the park for jogging every morning. How do you compare these? What are their just claims to this particular park? And does this mean that one or the other has more rights to exclude someone who doesn't pay taxes that go exactly to this park? No. And then we're into the discussion of who is a citizen and who is not because no one would say that a child who doesn't pay taxes, that the child cannot use public park. Right. Well, I think the difficulty of all this is actually a good argument for smaller government or eliminating government altogether because we're not seeking utopia, we're seeking something better, right? We're seeking better solutions to these problems. And along that line, Hapa argues that, well, since we do have government at the moment, since we do have a welfare state at the moment, what should the role of government be and what should libertarians say government ought to do about immigration? His answer is, well, in the interim, government ought to act as a trustee and it should sort of mimic what a private property owner would do and protect property rights. And from some Hapa's perspective, that would mean in some cases limiting migration. Well, yes, absolutely. But then again, we're using the argument for individual private property, for public property. So we're taking the step from the individual who has rights, we can agree on that, to sort of the collective and what's collective. And that's where the children come in, right? That's where immigrants like myself, I pay taxes, should I get thrown out? Or next time I try to enter the country, which is a hard thing to do every time. It doesn't matter what documents you have, people are really nasty. Should I get stopped at the border? Well, as a student, I paid higher tax rates than Americans in the same situation. And I got a lower salary as well. And I had no rights whatsoever to any government benefits, so-called. So the problem is that adding government to the equation doesn't mean you're adding a variable. It means you're completely screwing up all the variables that are already there. And that's sort of the problem with this whole discussion, that it is not as simple as removing it and acting as if, or something like that. Because everything is just messed up. Well, and in defense of HAPA, one point you make in your article is that forced exclusion is bad, but so is forced integration, right? Telling a landowner that they can't invite someone, let's say, from Mexico into the U.S. is bad, but so is forcing another landowner who may not care to have someone from Mexico joining him or her is also a problem. So I think you make that point very well that there's an element of trespass when you view immigration and migration from a property rights perspective. Well, absolutely. And you have the reverse, too, right? You have property owners in the U.S. who would welcome, I don't know what, Mexican workers or whatever it is. Yeah, like Tyson Farms Chicken, for example. For instance. And the problem is that they cannot accept these migrant workers because the government says no. Well, then the government is really oppressing Tyson in this case and the Mexican workers. So it's it's also wrong to assume that the U.S. government oppresses only U.S. citizens. I mean, even if we exclude the wars, it's not the case because the border. What is it called? The walls around the U.S. They keep people in and they keep people out. They work both ways. Right. That's scary to consider shifting gear slightly here. I never seem to hear economists or libertarians talk about immigration externalities. In other words, we often hear left libertarians attack corporations for polluting, you know, pollution is a form of externality, a cost that's that's borne by everyone, whereas the benefits are enjoyed by the corporation only. Can we apply externality concept, the externality concept in economics to immigration? I think we can. I mean, any sort of regulation has a lot of ripple effects in general. So the example with the migrant workers from what is today called another country with another government, the U.S. government by restricting entry to the country is really keeping people or outside of the country and keeping people poor inside of the country as well. I mean, that's the same as pollution. Right. How do you solve it? To me, there is only one solution and that's to get rid of all of it. Let's talk about the idea of trust. The right wing in the U.S. in Europe is as long talked about having a high trust society where people have certain cultural, economic, religious, ethnic similarities. Francis Fukuyama, not someone I admire, but nonetheless, he was he was talking about high trust societies way back in the 90s. The left identifies this as well. If you look at the work of people like Mr. Mr. Putnam, who wrote the book Bowling Alone. Do you pair think there's anything wrong with this natural human desire to live among people who are culturally similar? No, not at all. I mean, of course, of course, people want to live with people that they understand to begin with and that they respect and that that work in and behave in ways that you you have a clue what they're what the heck they're doing, basically. And I mean, that's you see this all the time in with people just going to another country as a tourist. They tend to go to places where they feel comfortable, places where people speak their language, if possible. It's not possible if you're Swedish, of course, but if you're American, you can go to other countries where they speak English or go to parts of countries where they speak English. Americans are well known for going to foreign countries and eat at McDonald's. I mean, it's it's it makes sense. You hang with the people that you like and respect and and people who think of the way you do. I don't see anything wrong with that. I mean, that can be clashes between groups, but only if they're forced to live together. Voluntary segregation is personal voluntary and it's natural. That's what we do. Many libertarians are constantly telling us that having mass numbers of Islamic immigrants come into Europe is a healthy and good thing. Is it OK for you as a libertarian in a swede to care about having the cultural makeup of Sweden changed radically? Well, of course, it is OK to care about that. But the question is, what do you do about it? And I think it's it's wrong to adopt some sort of nationalist viewpoint and thinking of the nation state as something that I'm from. I have very little in common with a lot of people in Sweden, part of the reason why I left.  I don't see a problem with that at all. The problem could be the sort of clashes that happen after they come and they sit together and they're segregated. But that's that's also a problem because of the integration policies of the government in Sweden. It's which government is notorious for accepting immigrants and refugees, putting them in paid apartments, giving them a check every month and saying, stay there, we're investigating. And then it takes five to ten years or something like that before before there they learn that now you need to go back or maybe yeah, you can stay. But if you're someone from a country where you're used to taking care of yourself and your family and you're basically locked up in an apartment in a suburb somewhere, which is not as nice as it is in the US over there.  When you say you don't have much in common with most Swedes, do you mean because you are libertarian and many Swedes, at least stereotypically, are collectivist? I guess that's part of it. But I think Swedes, in a sense, Sweden is very, very libertarian in the social or political sense, but not in the economic sense. The Swedish is a very strange case, really. And Swedes would probably agree with you if you just give them some points that are very libertarian. So I wouldn't say that you feel very oppressed as a Swede in Sweden, except for if you do something economically. And of course you do that all the time. But that's not really what I mean by saying that I'm not like most other Swedes. I would say that I have a different viewpoint. And this is really a cultural thing that most Swedes and most Canadians in general, really, they have this view that, well, who do you think you are, basically? It's the law of Dante that it's on Wikipedia for anyone who wants to look it up. It's really a jealousy thing. So you're not supposed to make money. You're not supposed to be successful. You're not supposed to even try much because people will not respect you for it. People will not like that you're successful. They will hate you for it because you make them look bad. So it's in that sense, it's very egalitarian. But at the same time, everybody's cheating on their taxes. Everybody's selling and buying goods and services in the black market.  But there is some sort of weird morality where you're cheating on taxes is completely fine unless you're a celebrity and it's in the media. But accepting handouts from the government without really being eligible, that is not OK. That's interesting. You bring this up because this idea of striving or conspicuously having more money than your neighbors is also very frowned upon in places like Scotland and Australia. So it's not just a Swedish phenomenon, but in America, this is accepted. And it's more than accepted, I would say, because at least on the surface, because if someone is doing something great or has a nice title or a degree or something, people go, wow, yeah, congratulations. That's awesome. But in Sweden, they go, yes, so what?  Well, maybe you're the wrong person to ask, because I agree with you entirely about nationalism and viewing ourselves as as members of a nation state where anarcho capitalists, we get that. But devil's advocate, wouldn't wouldn't something be lost a nation, not a state? If Sweden were to become 80 percent North African and Middle East Muslims, wouldn't the old Sweden be lost? And isn't this something more than just creative destruction and market phenomenon, wouldn't this be something that the state has engineered or states working in concert have engineered? Would that not make you sad as a Swede? If the Sweden of your childhood was completely obliterated culturally? I probably would, but those are my personal opinions and my own subjective valuations. It's not really a basis for policy. And I'm telling you that just Sweden, Sweden now compared to when I grew up, it's very different. But it's different not only because of immigration, but it's different because of cultural changes. It's different because people do different things. People travel a little bit more today. And people or Sweden is less prosperous today than it was when I grew up. I mean, when I grew up, the government was at its peak and all the benefits were amazing. You get everything was free, basically. Today, there are cutbacks because you can't afford it. And that affects how people behave, too, because taxes have been cut, but not all that much. But benefits have been cut even more because the government simply can't afford it. And that's a big part of Swedish society. I mean, the redistribution. I don't blame non-libertarians for sort of rolling their eyes and saying, look, you guys, we're so far from all of this right here right now. I want a border wall and no more Mexicans. I mean, I think that's wrong, but I get it. The whole discussion on consequences and public policy and how to deal with one step in one direction or the other. Those are completely weird for me as a libertarian. And it's really the example that Walter Block gives as a paradox. I think he's done that a few times when I've listened to myself. Do we ask libertarians and tax rates for lower tax income for the government? Because considering, assuming that the Laffer curve is correct and the tax rate is at the top part, you could lower the rate and that will increase the government's income and vice versa. So what do we do as libertarians? Well, this has nothing to do with libertarian principles to me. This is really a matter of personal opinion. How does it affect you as a person? But the libertarian policy is no tax. It's really that simple because you can argue back and forth whether the tax rate or what about deductions and things like that. Or is it the income to government that matters? Well, it's really how the government uses the funds and so forth. So you can have arguments both ways, and both are really bad as well. And so it's not really a paradox because we don't want to advocate for certain policies with the federal government or whoever. We want to get rid of it. That's the solution. We don't want to keep chopping a little bit at the branches of evil. We want to want to strike at the roots, get rid of the freaking thing. And I think that's the important point. And that's why I think Murray was right. Tactically, incrementalism doesn't work for us. It works for progressives. Well, absolutely. It's like boiling the frog, right? That's incrementalism. You put the frog in the pot on your stove with cold water. If you put and you increase the heat slowly and it's going to be boiled alive. But if you try to put the frog in a boiling pot of water, it's going to jump straight out. And it works only one way. Gradualism works or incrementalism works one way and it works towards bigger government because there's always a backside. There always going to be some sort of misallocation of resources, if you will. If you roll back government one step or if you add one little piece of government and we can't support those misallocations either way. That's not that's not the libertarian case. The libertarian case is get rid of it all. All the inefficiency is gone. Then let's build it anew. That's the libertarian case as far as I'm concerned. Well, Pear, I want to thank you so much for joining us this weekend and dealing with some of these very tough questions. And again, we're not talking about trying to create a utopia. We're trying to talk about dealing with very intractable problems of human migration and poverty in ways that produce the best outcome, not necessarily a perfect outcome. Pear, how can people find out more about you or follow you on Twitter or I believe you have a website of your own as well? Yes, I do have a website on my own. That's pearbilant.com, P-E-R-B-Y-L-U-N-D.com. And my Twitter handle is pretty obvious as well as Pearbilant, as Pearbilant. And those would probably be the best places to find me. Be sure to check out Pear's article, Refugees and Migrants in a World of Government Meddling, which we ran earlier this week on Mises.org. If you're a libertarian and you're interested in this issue of immigration and the proper libertarian analysis, I guarantee you you will find this article to be really foundational and it might just change your thinking. Pear, thanks so much for your time today. Ladies and gentlemen, have a great weekend.