Hey there, Chad Bonser here for Ohio University Libraries. Some of my business students are working on analyzing the overall health care market in the nation and also in southeast Ohio. This video shows you how to use MRI to get demographics of people who attend doctors regularly or who attend or who visit specific kinds of doctors as well. So using MRI can get you very, very good detailed information for the national market which you can then apply to your local market by comparing it with like census demographic information, things like that. So this video shows you how to use MRI to get that information. So here you go. So MRI once you get here is a database that requires you to create a login with them. If you try to use your Ohio email address and Ohio password without first registering with them, it won't work. So you want to do that first. So what I'm going to do is actually click on register for free here and that's where you go and create your account. I've already done that so my login is me here and I'll just click login. And it's going to take us to a page here. I encourage you to ignore all the content here except for this one little link to MediaMark Reporter. So we're going to click right there and that's actually going to open a new tab and take us to the actual database where we actually accept their terms of conditions. So we're going to click accept there. It's going to take you to a funny page that looks like this. Generally what you'll do is click on the fall 2011 product and click there and you can see there's all kinds of categories that you can choose from. And what we can do is go in and just search for like, oh, let's just search for doctor. Just for looking at the health care market. Let's click search for doctor here. And so here we have, there is a personal care doctors visit section here and you can see what you find here is demographics for people, for example, let's say for someone who's visited a gastroenterologist in the last 12 months. This gives you demographics of those folks. So what you're going to do is you're actually going to ignore this first column. This is the total adult population. What we're interested in is this column here. So according to this, basically what this says is of the total adult population of 230 million people in the US, 8.9 million of them have visited doctor in the last or the gastroenterologist in the past 12 months, which is 3.9% of the total population. And if you go down, you can see, for example, here is another category here, the age 55 to 64. There are 2 million people age 55 to 64 who visited a gastroenterologist in the last 12 months. That is 22.4% of the total who have visited. So that's between this and your 65 plus. Those are basically your biggest users or folks who visited the gastroenterologist more often. So that makes pretty good sense. Older people are going to probably go to the doctor more often. So you can see this is under the personal care section. So if you want to find other information like that, you can click on new database here and click on 2011 product and then go into the personal care section. Just click there. Then that gives you all kinds of stuff in here where you can see who uses personal care services, for example, who has had LASIK eye surgery, doctor visits. You see there's all kinds of things in here that talk about doctor visits and things like that. So a good way to kind of get general demographic data of folks who have seen doctors more frequently and things like that. So here's your people who visit a doctor six plus times the last 12 months. And we're probably going to be looking at typically your older population there. Now what you can do is basically take this information. This is at a national level and combine it with what you know about your local market via census or other county profiles and things like that. So here we have household income, things like that. So you might be able to notice a pattern in who attends or who visits doctors more frequently based on their household income or even based on whether they have children or not, obviously, or things like that. So age level, things like that. So it might be a good way to kind of better understand the demographics of those people who are going to attend or going to visit doctors more frequently or particular types of doctors, chiropractor, cardiologist, dermatologist, things like that. So a great way to kind of get quick information on your market. You can download this to a spreadsheet so you can have the data in Excel and manipulate it however you want to that way. So that's how you use MRI to better understand the health care market in general. Hopefully this video helped you understand how to use MediaMark reporter to understand general demographics and national trends of your product or service area. Should you need more help, look for the contact link on the business blog. Be glad to help you any way you can. Take care and have a great day.


Hi everyone, this is Jason here from Nathaniel School of Music. In this lesson, I'm going to talk about grace notes, mordents, apogiaturas, turns, all these terminologies used to basically do one thing, to enhance a melody on a piano, to make a note sing out a lot better and to compete or try to compete with other way more powerful instruments than the piano, at least in terms of melody, namely the violin, the flute, the trumpet and obviously the human voice. So for us to kind of match up with these superpower melody creators, it's not really going to be easy and we can only try and learn and most of the techniques which I'm here to tell you are just trying to be inspired or trying to gain some aspect of what the vocals do or what a guitar player would do or what a sliding violin player would do with no bounds between a note. A violin can slide from one note to the other, which is incredible. So even though I'm going to be, it's obviously a piano lesson, we also would encourage you to listen to the ornamentation created by all these other musicians who play other instruments like violin and well even an accordion, a vina, a sitar, whatever it may be or a synthesizer just to kind of know what your goal would be. So then when I'm talking about this stuff, it doesn't seem alien and you're just not doing what I'm telling you, you're doing it because it can sound like a flute or it can sound like a violin. So to explain this I figured let's just take a simple melody, let's figure out the melody. It's a three by four melody which goes it's basically on G minor, two flats. So it goes that's your first trio, E flat D C then cross your hand B flat A G and then repeat the G F E flat and then land on a tonic G minor or you could even land on its relative major. So the chords for this are C minor G minor E flat major end on B flat or G minor. So all I'm going to do throughout this lesson is to now build that melody and try to do all sorts of techniques which actually simulate a variety of genres, a variety of generations of music if you will and yeah genres, cultures and whatnot. So we are going to use all these techniques with the same old melody. You may want to get used to that melody first and then dive in and don't forget to watch till the end. We have a lot of different techniques lined up and each of these techniques are going to help you somewhere down the line with some melody to ornament it or add this embellishment or this articulation which it really really needs on an instrument like a piano like I said which is a very what you see is what you get instrument.  There's nothing in between it it's just as you can see black or white if you think about it. So before we get started guys it'll be awesome if you can hit that subscribe button if you haven't already the bell icon for notifications give the video a like leave us a comment with what you taught about the lesson or what you'd like to learn next it'll be awesome for us to curate new content as we've been doing quite consistently on our YouTube channel. The notes for this entire lesson will be available on our Patreon you could consider checking that out along with a few of the articulations as well. Let's get cracking. So the first thing you'd like to do with your melody is figure out which are the beats you want to emphasize. So if you want to emphasize the one of every bar of three which is usually the case. So generally people will play the one of every bar of three or every bar of four slightly louder but instead of playing it louder you could do a certain ornamentation to the note to that note which is on the one. So don't do it with all the notes only on the one. So what's all at the one E flat B flat G D. So target those notes and the first thing you can do are these grace notes which are slides. There we go. Then another slide again and in this lesson everything's going to be like an overkill. So if I tell you grace notes or these sliding things I'm going to use it for everything at the one. So usually at the strong beat is where we are going to ornament or articulate the melody. Now a few things to be a bit careful of. One is you don't want to use your pedal during the slide. The lower you go it sounds more and more cluttered up you know because you are sustaining both notes. So once you have landed at the E flat and have lifted your finger away from the grace note you don't want to do. You don't want to hang on to the ghost note. I also call it a ghost note quite often. So you don't want to hang on to that. It sounds like a minor second which is like a horror movie if you ask me. So be a bit careful. You don't want to do it. You don't want that effect. So it's like a carom board kind of game. You flick and you recoil the other finger. So get that with the pedal. Be careful. So lift it at the sliding point. Bring it back. Practice. Till you get used to that just play either the roots of the chords or root with fifth. This is that fifth. So this is a very nice way. It's an age old way to ornament a melody but you could also do something a little I would say more Eastern or more Indian or Arabic in nature where you go. The same kind of principle but instead of going from low to high in terms of the grace note or the ghost you go. I'm trying to sing it to some level to give you an idea. And watch out while doing all this stuff. You may have an issue with timing. So keep your timing consistent. Move your head for the pulse or use a metronome if you're comfortable with that and don't lose your timing over this stuff. So that's like your Eastern vibe where you go top to bottom. While the other vibe where you go bottom to top which is more classical or Western or bluesy. Now you can't really play genres like blues and jazz without this right. Especially with that lick. If you take the blues scale of course I'm just going a bit off topic here but you can go between G and F you have that blue note or the tritone F sharp.  You're not always going to get lucky and do black to white slide.  So that's what you could call as a grace note or a ghost note or just a slide between one note to the other. That's a very very important ornamentation which you can do with your notes. So extend this principle slightly further what people do with country music with blues music in particular instead of doing this with just the glide we do it with an upper third and that thickens that sound. Remember what I've been telling you from the beginning. We are trying to target the ornamentation or the embellishment primarily to the one of the bar. We are nominating the strong beat E flat B flat G D and now we're thickening up doing something colorful. First we did just the slide now we're doing when you land on the E flat you're supposed to add its upper third and similarly the upper thirds of everything and you want to go diatonic you don't want to. Sounds quite interesting but don't go out of the scale which in this case is G minor natural minor also derived from the B flat relative major. So you go that's an upper third. Remember when you do the flick or the recoil action this finger has to leave it has to go away and these two will be whacked together. There we go again you need to practice it or try to practice it with all your finger combinations because you don't know which one will actually happen. Coming. There we go. Here I can't play the pinky so again an overkill of all of them which is this is very iconic to certain genres like if you think of country music Nora Jones comes to mind you know a lot of great country piano players do this technique it's essentially your melody target glide to it but stack up a third. So again coming back to our melody again. Another thing you can do obviously on a piano which you can't really do with other instruments is look at the melody and embellish it with the chords of the chord progression. So if you take let's say a C minor I'm voicing it such that C minor is there in the chord but it's inverted so that the top note E flat is is prominent so I don't lose the melody let me demonstrate check that out so every strong beat is played with a chord but the remaining notes are just played melodically a little bit of finger independence to work on because I whack it together and then do these independently and I could hold the other two down then lift your hand you could even use the pedal you need the pedal because there won't be a connection could also use another note of the chord to kind of waver a bit and now and another way I play these chords I played in this sort of a motion in a flamenco motion I call it very similar to playing tra you know to a chord on the guitar you either flam it like this you call it flamming flam it like that or you can even flam it from the left to right you go all the way like so get that very nice flamenco sound again so don't go try to do flam it makes the melody a lot more beautiful so that's what you could call as chord ornamentation or chord embellishment it anyway sound good because the chord is the same chord you're playing another very obvious thing you can do is just play the melody with octaves you know instead of going you can go just play the whole thing with octaves especially if you can figure out a way to play your chords in the left hand sounds really good even with the pedal and along with the octaves you could add thirds to the octave so that's e-flat add your third there so it's a very nice tenor layer you need to map out your thirds so octaves octaves with thirds very thick and quite professional sounding if you ask me yeah so the last ornamentation which I have for you are called turns or I guess in some classical understandings they are called as apogiaturas and so on again I'm not going to be the best judge of the names of all these things but I will be sure to teach it to you very well so you have the turns which go like this so what did I do their turn is like this way and that way you're going both directions of the target so so let's say I want to land on I want to ornament C so what do I do the journey of D to C can be ornamented can be colored with you can do an overkill there there or you could ornament D flat you want to go this up and then now if you're landing on the D D just for fun so again when it's longer you can do a lot more so you can even combine some of the techniques learned earlier but for now you do that or you either you either do the turn at the D flat or at the D or you have two options without anything from there from here then or from here or from here and then from here or now you could do this is diatonic but you could also do you have this also so if you add like this if you make it very prominent for the listener it'll sound really annoying but if you slowly bring it in like a ghost note without them hearing it too much it'll sound really awesome so there end with a whatever you can fill up there to add to this turn technique remember what I taught you earlier with the grace notes and adding that G at the top the upper third you can do the same thing with turns beautiful I think we've come a long way from okay so let's just recap whatever we've done guys so far in the lesson and I hope that you'll use these ornamentations not only for this lesson with this melody but you can now pick and choose because I've talked about so many options so you can pick and choose which genre which style what mood you'd like to convey to the audience because the ornamentations really affect the mood of the melody and the general overall objective or the purpose of your song so let's just recap everything and then wind up the lesson so first off we did just simple glides from the bottom or from the from the top then we looked at it with the thirds then we looked at simple octaves with the thirds which was also look at chord embellishments with a flam very rich last but not least we looked at turns of course you don't want to overdo this if your melody demands it if you feel that yes you can make some more juice out of the whole thing by all means try out these ornamentations which people use for pretty much every genre whether it's classical music blues jazz bollywood stuff hindustani stuff whatever it may be almost everyone tends to use the same embellishments and understand very importantly that the piano is a very limited instrument melodically it's not going to defeat even with all this I don't think you'll be able to defeat a violin player who plays good or a flottist who plays with all the expression which they've been trained because those are exclusive melodic instruments you can't you can't beat them they've been around enough and more so you you you just learn from them and try to become a better player and a better improviser on your primary instrument the piano which as I said earlier is a very what you see is what you get instrument hope the lesson was useful guys again this is Jason Zach here from Nathaniel thanks a ton for watching this lesson do hit the subscribe the bell for notifications if you haven't already leave us a comment with something you'd like us to do in the future do consider following us on patreon for our handwritten notes and other awesome stuff cheers see you in the next one


Scoping reviews are a type of evidence synthesis that focus on identifying existing knowledge rather than collecting new data. They are often used as a precursor to systematic reviews, but they can also be used independently to explore a topic or to identify gaps in the current literature. Scoping reviews are typically shorter and more focused than systematic reviews, and they do not include a meta-analysis. Instead, they use a variety of methods such as narrative synthesis, thematic analysis, and qualitative synthesis to summarize the findings from multiple sources. Scoping reviews are most appropriate when the goal is to understand the context of a particular issue, to identify key concepts, or to explore the feasibility of a research project. This article was authored by Zachary Munn, Micah D, Jay Peters, Cindy Stern, and others.


Now the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria, CIBN says it will continue to play its role as a bridge to engender positive collaborations between all players in fintech for the good of the industry. Ken Ogbera said this during his investiture as the 22nd President and Chairman in Council of the CIBN which held in Lagos details in this report. Garvert, at this whole, are banking professionals who have converged to celebrate demand who will control the hems of affairs of the Bankers Institute for the next two years. Though they are in a celebratory mode, newsings about the industry which has witnessed relative stability in recent times and made economic headwinds resound. After his investiture, the new CIBN bus, Ken Ogbera says the future of banking, which revolves around the Generation Z, is a full-cost strategic goal for his administration, hence the need to encourage fintech. His predecessor, Bayo Lukbemi, shares similar thoughts. The future is here. It means that we need to begin to build up inclusion, have the Gen Z, the younger people who definitely will take over from us to be inspired to trade the business of banking. We have seen a lot of channels of delivering our services and technology is the main thing now. If you don't embrace technology in banking, you fail. So that's why I encourage banks. We do a lot of financial technologies but we should do much more than what we are doing now. The competition for traditional banks has shifted in the past seven years from fellow banks and pairs to small but mighty adventure-seeking entities called fintechs. As the conversations shift towards payment system and the CIBN's enirer, the bank executives share their thoughts on the future and viability. Meanwhile, in an address, the Lagos State Government promises to continue to make the state conducive for business to thrive. In terms of payment system, you discover that the banks have done so much in accelerating the payment system. It's one of the countries in this world where you can do online service and get instant payment. It does even in U.S. If you do payment, it doesn't happen instantly and that essentially is a credit to the banking system. I think people, Nigeria in particular, we prefer cash and cash but little by little, I think the tenets or the policy of enirer, we go down. We are showing you all that we are working tirelessly to further strengthen the economy and the financials of the neighborhood to make life better for all and much more. In line with re-engineering the sector, the CIBN promises to develop a digital roadmap for the banking and finance industry and offers certifications on digital skills. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


So a few weeks ago Linus and Luke from Linus Media Group, which is the parent company behind the Linus Tech Tips channel on YouTube. These guys decided they were going to do a Linux challenge. They were both going to switch away from Windows to Linux on their home computers and there was a punishment. The one that switches back to Windows first is going to get punished in some way. So these guys have been trying out Linux and it's really great because this is huge news for the Linux community because Linus Tech Tips is the biggest tech-related channel on YouTube. They're not just the biggest tech-related channel. Linus Tech Tips is actually the 11th biggest channel on the entire YouTube platform. That's tens of millions of people that have never heard about Linux or considered using Linux. They're not going to hear about Linux for the very first time from the Linus Tech Tips channel. And while Linus and Luke's Linux challenge, I'm sure it's going to be very entertaining. It's going to be some fun content to watch. You know, these guys, they don't have that much Linux experience. Their Linux experience is rather limited. I'm not sure if they're the ones to properly introduce Linux to the world. I think it would be better for a seasoned Linux veteran to do that. And that's why I'm making today's video. I want to introduce you guys properly to the world of Linux. So what is Linux? Well, technically speaking, Linux is not a complete operating system unto itself. Linux is actually just the kernel. Now what is a kernel? Well, a kernel is the main component of an operating system. It's the core component. It's basically your core interface between your hardware and the processes that run on your computer. The kernel, it communicates between your hardware and the processes that are running. And that way, the kernel basically manages your system's resources as efficiently as possible. The kernel is so named because it's almost like a seed or a pit or a kernel of a fruit or a vegetable. Think of like a peach. Think of the pit of a peach. It's basically a big seed in the middle of that peach. And it really doesn't do much. Like if you had a peach that was nothing but that pit, it's kind of useless, right? And that's the same way with an operating system. The kernel by itself can't do anything. And the same thing with that peach. That peach with that pit, without the fleshy goodness around it, we really don't have much use for that peach, right? That's the same thing with our operating system. So on desktop computers and servers, we have the GNU utilities in conjunction with the Linux kernel. And that creates the operating system on our desktop computers. And because that's GNU utilities with the Linux kernel, sometimes people refer to desktop Linux as GNU slash Linux. But you can combine the Linux kernel with other suites of software and other core utilities to create other kinds of operating systems. For example, there are billions of phones around the world that use Android as their operating system. The Android operating system, at the heart of it, sits a Linux kernel. Linux actually runs on countless billions of devices around the world. We're talking about from computers to phones to cars to kiosks to TVs to microwaves to refrigerators. Linux actually powers most of the world's computing devices. So why use Linux instead of Windows or macOS? Well, back to specifically talking about desktop computers, why run Linux instead of Microsoft Windows? I could probably list a hundred different reasons why Linux is just plain better than Windows. But just to limit myself for sake of time, I'm only going to name a few of the biggest reasons why Linux is better than Windows. Number one, Linux is faster than Windows. That's just a fact. Linux is much, much, much faster than Windows, especially on older hardware. If you have a machine that's four or five or six years old and you're trying to run Windows 10 or the new Windows 11 on that machine, how long does it take for some of your programs to open? You probably click to open a program and it takes 30 seconds, maybe a minute. And sometimes when you're using the program, the program slow, menus take forever to load. And it's just painful. It's frustrating. And maybe if you thought the only operating system out there was Microsoft Windows, which is what many people think. They think everybody in the world uses Windows on their computer and everybody has to deal with these frustrations. No, Linux users don't deal with that kind of frustration because Linux is fast. Programs open instantly, menus open instantly, and especially on older hardware. Older hardware that Windows either struggles to run properly on or in some cases refuses to run at all on, Linux can run on machines that are five, 10, even 15 years old. Because of hardware that are so old that Windows simply will not install on those machines. Linux can actually revive those machines and it'll run like a champ. So number two, you have dozens of different desktop environments available to you on Linux. What's a desktop environment? That's your user interface. That's your desktop.  In Linux, the possibilities are endless. You don't like the desktop environment you're looking at. You can remove it, uninstall it, install a different one. On Windows, you have one desktop environment. You have the Windows desktop. That's it. If you don't like it, well, you better learn to love it because you can't remove it. You can't install a completely different desktop environment, a completely different user interface. That's just not available to you. But on Linux, customization is king. If you don't like any part of the operating system itself, you can swap out anything. Number three, Windows is huge compared to Linux. And when I say huge, I'm talking about the download size. I'm talking about the install size. I mean, when I install Windows in a virtual machine, it tells me I need like 60 or 70 gigabytes of disk space just for the base install. Not installing any extra programs, no games or anything, I need, you know, 60 gigabytes to install Windows. That's crazy. Linux, typically the Linux ISOs I download are almost always under 2 gigabytes in size and when they're actually installed, they typically install in 8 gigabytes of disk space or less. Number four, Linux is free and open source software. So Linux is free as in free of cost. Linux is also free as in freedom, meaning it respects you, the user. When we talk about free as in freedom, it means you can modify the source code. You can look at the source code. You can do anything you want to do with your operating system because again, it's your operating system. Microsoft Windows is not your operating system because it's not licensed under a free and open source license. Microsoft Windows is proprietary software, meaning when you sign up for Windows, you install Windows, you agree to the Microsoft End User License Agreement, the EULA. And part of the EULA states that you don't really own that operating system. You're kind of just renting that thing from Microsoft. That operating system is theirs. You can't look at the source code. You can't modify the source code in any way and that Microsoft reserves the right to check on you, to spy on you and everything you do on your computer, every keystroke you press on the keyboard. They could be monitoring that and they are monitoring that. Number five, Linux ships with tons of free applications. So when you install your Linux distribution, typically it'll install 30, 40, 50 programs out of the box for you. Your Office suite and text editor, your multimedia programs, video player, audio player, things like that, all of it is free and open source software. So it's free as in cost. It's also free as in freedom, meaning it's licensed under a free license. You can do whatever you want with that piece of software. And if you're a big proponent of free and open source software like I am, Linux is great because there are thousands, sometimes tens of thousands of free and open source applications available to you in your software center inside your Linux distribution. In fact, Linux has more free and open source software available than Microsoft Windows does. Number six, Linux is more secure than Windows and Linux desktop users don't even run any viruses because honestly, it's not like viruses don't exist in Linux, but they're so rare. I've never really met a desktop Linux user that ran a antivirus. Me personally, I've been a Linux user for about 13, 14 years, primarily a Linux user on the desktop. I've never run antivirus on any of my machines. Number seven, Linux respects your privacy. Windows spies on its users. It uses its users, data minds its users, monitors every keystroke. It knows exactly what files you're opening on your system. It knows what you're browsing inside Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge. It's really doing some nasty, nefarious things to you, the user, because in Windows, you know, you're not using Windows. Windows is actually using you. You are the product when you use Windows. When you use Linux, Linux is actually the product. You use Linux. So which Linux distribution should you install?  Well, one of Linux's biggest strengths and also its biggest weakness is the fact that we have hundreds of Linux distributions. The reason we have this is because anybody can build their own Linux distribution. We've already talked about Linux is free and open source software. The kernel, all the applications, all the GNU utilities. Anybody can modify them, package them in any sort of way and create their own Linux distribution. And because of that, we have literally hundreds of Linux distributions out there. Now that can be really confusing to a new to Linux user, but I'm going to simplify this for you because right now I'm going to narrow down that list of hundreds of potential distributions down to three that I think are perfect for the new to Linux user. Number one, Linux Mint. Linux Mint is a very popular desktop Linux distribution. It's very easy to install, very easy to use. You don't need some high level of computer expertise to use Linux Mint and Linux Mint has three different desktop environments available to you. There are three main desktop environments, all three of them look very similar to the Windows paradigm, to the Windows desktop. Yeah, it has a panel at the bottom, kind of your start menu at the bottom left. It's really comfortable. If you're a Windows user, you would be very comfortable in any of the three additions of Linux Mint. Linux Mint is also very stable because it's what we call a static release distribution. Static release means that there are releases of Linux Mint every few months, every couple of years, and when that new release comes out, you will upgrade from your current version of Linux Mint to the new version of Linux Mint. So static release is very stable because your applications never really receive updates. The only updates you receive are security updates, bug fixes, things like that. But your actual applications, when you install Linux Mint version, whatever, that application, your Office Suite and text editors and things like that, typically, they're going to be on that version until you upgrade to the new version of Linux Mint that comes out next year or whenever. And another really great selling point of Linux Mint is the fact that they have a friendly and helpful community. So if you're new to Linux, I suggest strongly consider Linux Mint first. If you have any kind of issues, go to their forums. A ton of very friendly people there willing to help you. Number two, Manjaro. Manjaro is also very easy to install, very easy to use, just like Linux Mint. It has three main desktop editions, except unlike Linux Mint, I can recommend all three desktop editions of Linux Mint. I cannot recommend all three desktop editions of Manjaro, but I can recommend two of them to you, KDE Plasma and XFCE. Those desktops are very similar, very familiar to the Windows user. You guys are going to be quite at home in either KDE Plasma or XFCE. Manjaro also has a main edition called GNOME. I would avoid that one because it's very, very different than what you're used to inside Windows. Now, Manjaro differs a little bit from Linux Mint because it's what we call a rolling release rather than a static release. So a rolling release means all your applications get updates constantly. Every time there's a new update to anything, that update gets pushed to you. What this means is Manjaro never has a point release, a big release that you have to upgrade to like one major version of Manjaro to the next. You're always on the latest Manjaro. As long as your system is up to date, you're always running the latest Manjaro. Now, there are pluses and minuses to running a rolling release rather than a static release. The pluses are you get the latest and greatest software, right? And this is really important, especially for gamers when sometimes you need the latest and greatest kernel or video drivers to make your gaming experience better. That's fantastic. Now, the downside is because all of your programs are constantly being updated. That means there's a bigger chance that some things could break on you. But don't worry, breakages are rare. And usually when things do break, they're very easy to fix. I mentioned you don't have to be a high level computer expert to run Linux Mint. You also don't have to be a high level computer expert to run Manjaro. I will say you need a little bit more tech savvy to run Manjaro, because when things break, you may actually have to do a Google search to find how to fix that error. You may have to enter a command line or two to actually fix the problem. But it's typically not as scary as it sounds. If you're one of these do it yourself kind of people, like, you know, when you have problems, you tend to fix them yourselves. Manjaro is a perfect distribution for that kind of person. For somebody like if you're installing this on your grandmother's computer, then something like Mint would probably be a better choice than Manjaro. One final thing about Manjaro is they too have a very friendly and helpful community. If you have any kind of support questions, go to their forums. They'll be glad to help. Number three, Lubuntu. Now, Lubuntu is one I'm going to recommend for a specific use case. If you have older machines or underpowered machines, you need something that can run on older hardware. Lubuntu is fantastic for that. For people with newer machines, I would either choose Mint or Manjaro, but Lubuntu, if you have something that's five, seven, ten years old, I'd strongly recommend trying Lubuntu first because it runs a desktop environment called LXQt, which is really designed for underpowered machines. And like both Mint and Manjaro, it's easy to install. It's easy to use. You don't have to be a computer expert to use this thing or anything. You'll be right at home immediately. Windows users are going to be perfectly at home because the LXQt desktop environment actually looks like some older versions of Windows. I think Windows 98, Windows 2000 kind of look. It doesn't look that dated. It actually has a modern, fresh kind of look to it, but it's got that same kind of workflow as something like Windows 2000. Lubuntu is also a stable, static release model distribution. So you don't have to worry about things breaking because of packages updating. Also, being based on Ubuntu, which is its parent distribution, and Lubuntu, really, you'll find all kinds of documentation about it because there are so many Ubuntu-based distributions, so many desktop computer users use Ubuntu-based distributions, which Mint is also an Ubuntu-based distribution. You'll have no trouble finding documentation about any kind of problem that may arise. Now that I've recommended some distributions for you guys to check out, how do you actually try out these Linux distributions? Because you probably don't want to immediately just wipe out Windows and install Linux and hope for the best, right? You probably want to test things out a little bit. So there are several ways to test these things. The most common way is to use a USB stick. What you do is you download the ISO for a Linux distribution, burn it to a USB stick, plug the USB stick into your computer, reboot the computer, and you will boot into Linux, which will run off of this USB stick. It actually won't touch your hard drives, so Windows will never be overwritten or anything because you're not even touching the hard drives in your computer. Everything is running off of this USB stick. When you're done testing out that Linux distribution, unplug the USB stick, reboot, and you'll be back in Windows. Now, if you've never actually burned an ISO to a USB stick, you're probably wondering how to do that.  And the one I typically use, let me switch to my desktop, I use this program here called Etcher. This is Belina Etcher. It is available on both Windows and Linux. It may also be available on Mac, I'm not sure. But all I would do is I would plug in this USB stick and then you will select a file on your system, so flash from file. And if I go to my downloads directory, I actually have several Linux ISOs here, including Lubuntu, which I mentioned earlier. I could burn that to this USB stick. They take about, I don't know, five, 10 minutes for that ISO to burn to this USB stick while it's plugged into the computer. And once it's complete, you're ready to go. You're ready to test out things. Another common way to test out a Linux distribution is to install it inside a virtual machine. What is a virtual machine? Well, it's kind of like a fake computer. It's another way to install an operating system without ever touching your hard drive, without ever wiping out your existing operating system. And the one that I would recommend you guys try out first as far as virtual machine programs is a program called VirtualBox. VirtualBox is available on both Linux and Windows. And let me show you how to actually install something through VirtualBox. So let me launch my VirtualBox here. And what you need to do, go to Machine, go to New. So we're gonna create a new virtual machine. I've already downloaded the Lubuntu ISO. Remember I had the Lubuntu ISO in my downloads folder. So I'm gonna name this virtual machine Lubuntu. And then type Linux. Now, if it's Windows, you would, of course, select Windows, BSD, BSD. But Lubuntu, of course, is a Linux distribution. What is this based off of? Lubuntu's based off of Ubuntu, 64-bit. And then I'm gonna click Next. And then how much memory do I want to give this particular virtual machine right now? And by default, it's set to one gig. I'm gonna give it, I'll give it about six gigs. So I'll change that to 6192 megabytes, about six gigs of RAM. And then click Next. By default, it's gonna say, create a virtual hard disk. That's what you want if you're actually going to install Lubuntu inside the VM. And that's what I'm gonna do. So I'll create that. VDI is the virtual box disk image. It's selected by default. Leave that as the default. Click Next. Dynamically allocated for the hard drive. That's what you want. It's selected by default. Just leave it. Click Next. And then create the size of the virtual hard drive. By default, it's gonna choose 10 gigabytes. I'm gonna bump that up to 20 gigabytes just to give my virtual machine plenty of room in case I want to install some extra software.  Now what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna right-click on it. Go into Settings. Because you do want to change a few settings before you get started. The first one I always change is System. I go into Processor. And I have a 12-core 24 thread processor. So it makes sense to give this thing more than just one core, by default. I usually give it two cores of my CPU, which is my thread ripper is actually a pretty beefy CPU. So two threads is actually plenty, just to test things out in a virtual machine. So I would change that. Then I would go to Display, Video Memory. You have up to 128 megabytes of video memory. You can give a VM. Go ahead and give it the max. 128 megabytes is actually not that much. So always just max it out. The next thing you need to do is Storage. Because we need to attach the ISO. We downloaded from the Lubuntu website. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to go to Add Optical Disk here, and then it's going to ask me where is the ISO. I'm going to go to Add, and then search my file system. In the Downloads folder, I have Lubuntu 2110 Desktop. And then Choose. And now that I've added the Lubuntu ISO there, we could actually go ahead and start the VM. One last thing I'll do is User Interface. I'm going to go down here. I'm going to tick off that menu system. I don't want to see it. I'm going to tick off that menu system, the bottom sys tray, that would appear in the windows typically. I just don't want that stuff to appear, because it's kind of useless information appearing on the screen. Then I'm going to click OK. Then let's go ahead and start the virtual machine. And this is my virtual machine of Lubuntu. It's going to boot up. All right, and we've logged into our new virtual machine of Lubuntu. So what we're looking at here is the live environment. It's just booting directly off the ISO. The same as booting directly off a USB stick. But if you wanted to actually install this properly inside the VM, you would double click Install Lubuntu and run through the installer. And the installer for all these Linux distributions is very easy. Typically, you click OK about three or four times, give it a username and a password, and in about 10 minutes, you're done with the installation. So just for the sake of completeness, I will run through this installation of Lubuntu. So American English is my language. I'm going to click Next. The Chicago Central Time Zone in the US is correct for me. I'm going to click Next. English US is correct for my keyboard layout. I'm going to click Next. And then what do I want to do with the disk? Erase disk and give the entire virtual machine to Lubuntu, or do I want to manually partition? Now that's useful if you're going to dual boot alongside another operating system. But I'm just going to run Lubuntu by itself in this VM. So Erase Disk is what I want. I'm just going to click Next. I'm going to create a username. DT is my username. I need to create a strong and complicated password for the DT user. So there's my password. Let's confirm that password. And then I'm going to click Next. And then it's going to give us a summary of everything we chose and everything looks good. I'm going to click Install. And away we go. That's the installation. I wait about five to 10 minutes, and the installation will be complete. How easy is it to install Linux? And other than trying out Linux on a live USB stick or inside a virtual machine, of course, you can always try out Linux on a test machine if you have more than one computer. Just be aware that computer hardware varies. So don't be surprised if you test things out on a test machine and they work perfectly. And then when you go to install it on your main production machine, things work a little differently. The next thing we should talk about is how do you install software on Linux? Because it works completely different on Linux than it does on Windows. So in Windows, typically you go and download software from various places on the internet and then install those programs on your computer. And that's very, very, very dangerous. That's why Windows is riddled with viruses and malware and ransomware and things like that is because you can't just trust any piece of software you find on the internet. That's not the way we do it on Linux. You actually have central repositories of software on Linux. A repository is a server that has all of the software there and it's curated by your Linux distribution, meaning you can actually trust everything in that repository or at the very least you can trust it far more than you can. Random pieces of software you go and download on the internet. So let me switch over to this virtual machine that we just finished installing Lubuntu. It took like five or 10 minutes to install this virtual machine of Lubuntu. And if I go into system tools, Lubuntu has the Muon package manager. Now this will differ from various distributions. Every distribution though, typically will have a graphical package manager. This is basically a graphical front end to that repository of software. So the tens of thousands of pieces of software that are available in the Lubuntu repositories, you could actually do a search for them right here. For example, if I wanted to do a search for Firefox, which is already installed, it's the default browser, but you can see if it wasn't, I could search for it. There it is. I could click on it and I could get that thing installed rather easily. I can also update the entire system. As for example, if I do check for updates, it will find all the packages that we have installed that have an update available and upgrade for us. So that is how this is handled generally in Linux. Again, this is far safer on Linux than it is on Windows, where of course in Windows, you're getting pieces of software from hundreds of different places and that's just not secure. Now other than the graphical software centers, I mentioned every Linux distribution may have a different graphical software center. So they all look a little different. They all function a little different, but you can always use the command line. So I could actually open a terminal. And if I wanted to, let me zoom in here a little bit, I could actually enter this command here inside any Ubuntu-based distribution. I could do sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade. And that would upgrade the system just like we did in the graphical software center, which you could do that here in the command line. As a matter of fact, the command line and the graphical user interface, they are actually running the same command. The only thing is when you have the graphical program and you click the button that says check for updates, what it's actually doing is it's running this command. It's just giving you a button to click instead of not making you type this, but they're basically doing the exact same thing. And the reason I mentioned the command line is because really the next thing we should talk about is the Linux command line because Windows users typically have this misconception that if you're gonna use Linux, you have to learn the command line. You have to learn shell commands. You have to be a nerd.  You don't have to use the command line. It's actually completely optional these days. These days, if you want to live happily in Linux and never open a terminal, I mean, you never have to see a terminal unless you really want to. But I strongly advise you guys, if you're going to make the switch to Linux to become familiar with the terminal because it does allow you to do some things that you really couldn't do on Windows, much more powerful things than what you could do on Windows. So now that I've given you this brief introduction into Linux, maybe you want to learn a little more. Maybe you're interested and you really want to do a deeper dive into Linux. Well, if you really want to learn more about Linux these days, a great resource actually is YouTube. There are so many good Linux channels on YouTube. If you go to my YouTube page, and if you're not subscribed to me, please subscribe, check out some of my content. I've been doing YouTube for about four years now. I've made more than a thousand videos about various Linux related topics at this point. But if you go to my channels tab, I'm subscribed to about 100, maybe 150 different channels. And all of these channels are Linux channels or tech related channels that will occasionally talk about Linux. And these are great channels. All of these guys, they do fantastic work covering Linux as well as other free and an open source software. And I know I've learned a lot from these guys. So that's why I'm subscribed to all of them and it's also why I'm telling you guys to go check out all of those channels as well. Because again, they've helped me out a lot. I know you're gonna learn a lot from these guys as well. So now all that being said, if you're one of these new to Linux users or one of these people that are on Windows and you're really considering switching to Linux, let me go ahead and welcome you aboard. I think you're gonna love your time here. Now, before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this show. I'm talking about the following people. Gabe James, Mitchell Paul, Scott West, Akami Ellen, Chuck Commander, Gregory Kurt Dayo, Guy David Dillon, Gregory Heiko Lee, Maxim, Michael Mike, Nitrix, Erion, Alexander Peace, Arshon Fodor, Polydeck, Raver, Red Prophet, Steven and Willie. These guys, they're my highest tiered patrons over on Patreon. Without these guys this episode, you just watched, it wouldn't have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these fine ladies and gentlemen as well. All these names you're seeing on the screen right now. Each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen help support my work over on Patreon because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm just sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like my work and want to help me out, please subscribe to DistroTube over on Patreon. All right guys, peace. I wonder if Linus is going to try out X-Monad.


Welcome, Mr. S. Ravi, managing partner Ravi Rajan and company, Chairman TFCI for the keynote address. Can we have a round of applause for Mr. S. Ravi, please. Everybody, first of all, I must acknowledge the Chairman of the jury, Mr. Sunil Arora, Dr. Nesma, my Anurag for an e-forum for inviting me and Tanmay. So, this digital impact award and the jury, I would like to just tell you about the process. As the Chairman of the jury stated, I won't take much time, but four hours nearly we spent on selecting the various entries. And, you know, the best part was we tried to evaluate the impact. And selecting the winners was quite a challenge because all these winners, I won't like to give the names, but came up during very stressful and very, very difficult times, that is the COVID time. And that is what actually made the choice very difficult. What impact did it have across India? And what did it serve to the nation? And, you know, once you see the winners, you will come to actually, you will get a clear picture of what this process of selection and what it meant and what was the impact across, all across the nation. Minister spoke about a lot of aspects, disruption to everything. The Chairman of the jury spoke about various aspects. Anurag spoke about the government's role and the efficiency which the, with the government and the government departments have shown, and this will be reflected in form of what the awards will be. So everybody has a viewpoint here, but I would like to say that most important is going to be the e-governance. The e-governance is going to be the future. Whatever, whichever enterprise, government, private sector, the most key aspect of any growth will be the governance. And that is what is going to be the driving force as we go forward. I would not like to stand between you and the winners. I thank the e-forum and the organizers for calling me here, DNPA also. And I thank each one of you for being staying over for the awards. Thank you so much. Thank you, Mr. Ravi.


Okay, Bayesian analysis is used in engineering in other fields to make inference. My objective is to present some challenges like theoretical, algorithmic and computational when you apply this to structural dynamics. With Bayesian inference, we try to have a structure to select a model for the structure, its components to estimate the parameters of the model. We can use all these in model calibration, final element model updating, structure health monitoring and damage detection. Once we have uncertainties about parameters and also rank models with Bayesian inference, we can propagate this uncertainty in structural dynamics, we are interested also in updating structural reliability. Also, we can use this uncertainty for optimal experimental design and decision.  Here I am interesting, my model is usually a final element model. Parameters of the models can be stiffness-related parameters, boundary conditions. If I have a model, the values of the parameters, then I have the excitation, then I can predict. These are some equations of motion, the usual equation of motion in structural dynamics. Observations that I collect from a system could be response time histories, frequency response function, model frequencies and mode shapes. I will quantify uncertainties using probabilities and probability will represent the degree of belief. I will be using calculus of probability for making consistent plausible reasoning. Once I have a model plus a final element model with some parameters, one could use the Bayesian theorem, as you see here, to update the uncertainty in these parameters. Probably using the likelihood and the prior and this is the evidence. In order really to build up the likelihood, one has to build up a model for the model prediction error, which represents the difference between measurements and predictions. This is an error. This is one form where you have additive error. The error could be due to measurement or model error, the fact that whatever model you assume is not an exact representation of reality. Usually you make assumptions for this. This is an assumption that you have an error which has zero mean and a covariance structure. Once you've done something like that, then you can build up a posterior in this form. These are the predictions from your final model, given the values of the parameters. Also, you can make model selections. If you have several model classes, MI, you can select the best one or you can rank them. But to do this you need to compute this evidence which is a multidimensional integral. The problem is here with the covariance of the model error. Depending on what you assume, you get different uncertainties. I'm not going to solve this problem for you, but I'm going to at least illustrate that different covariance matrices gives you different results. If you look in the literature, most of the people use uncorrelated predictions. If you have, for example, a final model and you assume that the predictions are uncorrelated, you could think that two sensors very closely to each other gives you different information which is not really true. We have looked into this problem and we have done a Bayesian model class selection to select the best prediction error model out of models that we postulated. I will illustrate all this with a problem where we have a beam and we assume that the real system or the beam behaves as a 3D solid element model. We use the 3D solid element models to analyze this beam and produce simulated data that we assume that they are experimental data. We use a model class to do inference which is just a beam model to the beam model with that many elements and nodes. We use three different model prediction error correlation structures. One is uncorrelated, the second is spatially exponentially correlated and the other one is exponentially a damp cosine correlation. We just try to identify damage at this location here and here I upload the results of the uncertainty in this parameter which is a stiffen parameter characterized damage. The uncertainty for model A uncorrelated tells you that as you increase the number of sensors, as you keep adding sensors, you get more and more information. I'm assuming here that only four modes are contributing, no more. If you have four modes that contribute, you don't expect to add 170 sensors or 150 sensors and you keep getting information. Something is wrong. The fact that you assume uncorrelated model, this is actually wrong because two neighbor sensors closely spaced together, they don't give you the extra information that you would like to get. If you assume exponentially spatially correlated model, this is a model that postulates only positive correlation. Again, you get similar results. If you assume the third model, then you can postulate positive and negative correlation. You get to the point where after something 30 sensors, you don't get extra information. Your uncertainty now becomes fixed by adding more sensors, you don't gain anything. One thing is how you assign the model prediction error correlation is very important. How to do that in reality, I'm not sure. I'm just giving you an example of this importance in an obvious problem that I know that I cannot keep adding a lot of sensors and getting more and more information. Here is a result where by looking at the model evidence, it tells me that the correlated models are much more probable than the uncorrelated one. Of course, here the exponentially cosine correlation wins. Let's go now to the Bayesian computational tools for structural dynamics problems. This is the posterior that I have to represent. I can do that with either asymptotic approximations where I can represent the posterior approximately by a Gaussian distribution. I could use gradient-based techniques to find the optimum by minimizing the minus log of this and also find the Hessian. Such gradient-based techniques are sequential. I could do it also better using stochastic techniques like covariance matrix adaptation that you see over here. But also there are challenges. If you have multimodal PDFs, this doesn't work properly although you could improve. Of course, the computational effort here depends on how many times you solve the system in gradient-based techniques. The nice thing about stochastic methods for doing the optimization is that you can do this in parallel so you can exploit parallel computer architectures. Sampling algorithms. The main algorithm is the Markov chain modekarrow algorithm. But also these algorithms are sequential. Unless you have parallel chains, you are going to waste a lot of time to find the solution or to generate samples. The challenge here comes from the model complexity. We have a large number of degrees of freedom and non-linearities. It might take you a few minutes to run a model. A few minutes, if you do it 10,000 times or 100,000 times, it's a lot of time. If it takes one hour to run a model, then the computational effort is just excessive. You cannot do it. You need to have methods to reduce this cost. For sure, single-chain MCMC algorithms are sequential. They don't help you at all. These sampling algorithms should also handle multimodal PDFs, unidentifiable cases, and pick posterios in high-dimensional space. You really have to devise methods to find where the support is. In all these, an algorithm that is used, this transitional TMCMC, is a very effective algorithm. It has annealing property. I don't have time to go through all the details of this algorithm. I would like to only mention that what you do is to run a large number of very short chains. These chains can be run independently, so you can exploit parallelization. The fact that it has annealing properties, without going into details, you can use adaptive gringing to gain one order of magnitude in computational effort. No more, if you want to be careful and do it correctly. Usually, in optimization, the computational time you can reduce it by 50%. Here you can go close to 90%, depending on the support again. We have worked on these methods parallelization, surrogate methods, and we have introduced software. We have also improved on TMCMC. You can find all these. We have the ex-TMCMC version and a paper published that discusses all that. A couple of papers, more than a couple of papers published that discuss all that. Further improvement on TMCMC, you can find it in this paper by the co-authors of this talk. Software that does this parallelization efficiently in a multi-host environment of heterogeneous computer workers can be found on this side with our collaborators, with my collaborators, actually, in ETH. This Py4U software solves for you the problem either with asymptotic approximations using stochastic methods or with sampling methods using improvements in TMCMC. A third thing that you can do in addition to parallelization and surrogate is to reduce your model if you can. Of course, we can reduce the model using, we know, this method component mode synthesis. It turns out that for each value of your parameter if you try to reduce your model you spend much more time for the reduction than the time to just solve without reducing. So if you have to reduce your model and run your model for different values of the parameters it's best to do the reduction once and then use it. This is not trivial, it's not easy, it's not doable unless there are some characteristics in your model like your components are consistent with the parameterization scheme then you can drastically reduce your model and the computational effort without sacrificing accuracy. We have three or four papers on this issue but we need to demonstrate this with these bridge this is a real bridge in Greece 530 meters long and we have constructed a high fidelity finite element model the size of a finite element is limited by the box cross section thickness in terms of how you get with the soil modeling using again finite elements represented by blocks we get 100,000 degrees of freedom one though can take components that behave linearly of these bridge and reducing them using component mode synthesis actually you expand the solution within the component reduced base using fixed interface normal modes and you keep only a number of these modes It turns out if the component parameterization the stiffness matrix depends non-linearly in one parameter and the mass depends non-linearly in the same parameter h and gr non-linear functions then your reduced mass and stiffness matrices can be written in this form these cases are reduced matrices that they don't depend on the parameter theta these are just non-functions that gives you the dependence on theta and that's your reduction that's your method to reproduce stiffness mass matrices for different values of the parameter theta without redoing the component mode synthesis so we have applied these ideas you can also reduce interface decrease of freedom if you want and for this structure if you want to compute the first 20 modes accurately you can reduce the model from 1 million degrees of freedom to just 500 degrees of freedom by just breaking the structure into components this is an arbitrary I have arbitrarily broken the structure into components and by keeping only a few modes of these components but it turns out that you could do much more than this some of the components contains modes that we have kept that only the static contribution is important so you can take advantage of that and you could reduce this 500 degrees of freedom by one more order of magnitude it complicates a bit the analysis but the idea is the same but accuracy is very good the error is smaller than 0.1% these are model updating results for this bridge for the deck pier and soil stiffness parameters three parameters actual data from 110 points instrumented where we obtain the acceleration time history and model frequencies and mode shapes and 110 points and we do the updating and of course the main thing here is that for the soil stiffness we are completely uncertain what is that stiffness and it turns out to be close to the 0.4% of the nominal value that we assume now you can use all these ideas of model selection Bayesian model selection for structural damage detection and that's what I'm going to do here I will assume that I have the bridge different damage scenarios I don't know which one is true and each damage scenario I have a finite element model and try with a finite element model to monitor just one area that I assume that could be damage, I don't know same here try to monitor just one area one area here, two areas here, five areas here and I'm trying using data to see ok, where's the damage ok, actually I'm trying to identify to rank these models and find out the best model that best model will tell me where the damage is and parameter estimation associated with the damage area will tell me what is the damage I'm assuming here that damage is very simple stiffness reduction but you could assume that it's more complicated than that and I'm trying to run all these using data it takes what happens is that without model reduction and without parameterization and without surrogate it will take you one month and some days to do it ok, these are 8 models if you do model reduction you reduce the time to 40 minutes so of course here we have a database of 8 models where we keep them with reduced models and we can do all that so we have done some work before but these are models ready to use if you use surrogate models you reduce the time to 5 minutes if you use parallelization you can bring the time to seconds ok, and this is very important now once you have uncertainties calculated posterior uncertainties calculated with your Bayesian technique you can propagate uncertainties and of course in structural dynamics you can propagate and find quantities of interest the mean, the standard deviation or credible intervals and so on or you can update your structural reliability this is the integral that you saw usually here this one is the indicator function indicator function 0 or 1 it doesn't have to be and this is the prior distribution if you don't have data or your posterior distribution if you have data and you can solve that efficient method to solve for the prior distribution sorry is the subset simulation and its improvements and for the posterior distribution we can also do this this zeta includes uncertain parameters plus also loading parameters if your load is stochastic so there are two sets of parameters here that you can work with this I'm not going to present any result only the final thing that I'm going to present is some results for Bayesian estimation model selection for estimating the actually the tension in the hangars here is an arch bridge I'm going to get the third hangar I have measured data from these measured data are the six modes in the transverse direction and the six modes in the longitudinal direction only model frequencies because I have placed two sensors one in the transverse and the other in the longitudinal direction and I used two kind of models simple models as everybody uses like beam models and finite element models complicated finite element models the problem here was that although this hangar has some support funny supports, plate supports at the end and although this hangar if it's fixed at the lower and the upper end it has to have in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction exactly the same model frequencies due to symmetry actually experimental data tells you that this is not the case so what happens the supports have to be flexible so we try to see what will you get if you use here a finite element model with fixed supports a finite element model with flexible supports this is one parameter this is a five parameter model and what if we use a beam model with fixed supports but we let the length of the beam free to be determined from the data or same model but we let the length of the beam in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction to be determined from the data two different lengths these are just models which we could assume or we use springs at the upper end where I only use here the upper end because when I analyze the finite element model I realize that flexible is only the upper end in the transverse direction it turns out that model evidence tells me that between the fixed and the flexible finite element model the finite element model the flexible element model gives you much better results the evidence is higher actually it gives you much better fit between these three models tells you that this model here where you have freed the length of the beam this is a model in the transverse in the longitudinal direction to be determined from the data it gives you very good results and actually if you compare your actual load estimation for these five models the four models here give you approximately the same results the fixed model gives you underestimate the actual load by 25% ok so these beam models of course they run in a few seconds or a few minutes the finite element model here runs in several hours or a day ok and despite the fact that we have been using six models model frequencies in the transverse and six model frequencies in the longitudinal direction Bayesian inference tells you that look the tension load is something like that with an uncertainty of 8 to 12% which has to be considered ok when you try to look at the safety of this hangar so I will skip the conclusions in order to accelerate this process ok thank you very much


San Francisco, talk about crazy leftist ideas. So San Francisco Board of Supervisors is backing $5 million of reparation for every black resident of San Francisco. $5 million. To quote the plan, it includes $5 million to every eligible black adult, the elimination of personal debt and tax burdens, guaranteed annual income of at least $97,000 for 250 years and homes in San Francisco for just $1 a family. Now the reparation panel is continuing its work and is going to make kind of their final proposal with numbers and everything in June, right? I mean this is insane. With all due respect to everybody, there was no slavery in San Francisco. San Francisco did some bad things. They didn't treat the Chinese very well and they certainly didn't treat the Japanese during World War II very well. But San Francisco never had slavery. So the people living in San Francisco might have ancestors who are slave owners, might not, probably don't.  It's just bizarre. The whole thing is just ridiculous.   I can understand somebody saying South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, okay. But San Francisco? Really? The plan, if implemented, would cost $600,000 per household living in San Francisco. $600,000. I mean, who has $600,000? I mean some people in San Francisco do, but $600,000. Now, there are some people who would like to see this happen just out of morbid curiosity. Of San Francisco's seeing that taxes go up as much as they would have to go up to get to the $600,000. Not to mention what would happen to real estate properties with the government giving them away for a dollar. If you want to see the world burn, if you want to see the end of civilization, reparations to San Francisco based on this plan, that is the way to go. That is the way to go. Any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content. And of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.