And we also have Brian Garvey who's co-hosting with us from Massachusetts Peace Action. So we are kicking off Earth Day a little bit early and we're so glad that you could join us as we look at the intersection of climate and militarism. Our guests, fabulous lineup include Julian Ogborn. He is a founder of Ocean Blue Law. He's a writer, a poet, lyricist, amazing guy. We'll hear from him later. We'll also hear from Stephen Donziger who has been battling it out with Chevron and speaking for all of us as we challenge the intersection of wars for oil and colonization and militarization and how that impacts the greenhouse gas emissions and the climate crisis. And we'll also be hearing from Keone DeFranco who's a sovereignty activist, water protector in Hawaii. We'll talk about all of that and crane, China, I mean a lot, right? But we can do it. So let's start with a few updates. Nadia, I'm gonna go to you first. What's happening? Yes, well hello to everybody and remember you can introduce yourselves in the chat. I wanna give an update on the leaked Pentagon documents that came out last week and there's about 300 documents that have been put online in the form of photos. They mostly came from February and March. I'm just gonna talk about the ones that relate to Ukraine and give you some brief updates. One is that it talks about the stalemate on the ground. The deficiencies in the Russian forces, of course they've been unable to even take the bombed out city of Bakuud after months and months of fighting. But it also predicts that the spring offensive that's supposed to happen from the Ukrainian side, looks like there are already deficiencies in equipment and troops and they say the most likely outcome will be modest territorial gain. There was a document that says the war is locked in a grinding campaign of attrition and was likely heading towards a stalemate. The other, another aspect is all the spying that the U.S. is doing. And of course this happens on a regular basis but the U.S. gets very embarrassed when this information gets leaked and it shows that they're spying on our allies including Zelinsky himself spying on the UN attorney, but secretary general spying on our allies in South Korea as they try to get around their own laws that prohibit them from sending weapons to a conflict area, i.e. Ukraine, by sending them to Poland first. And then lastly, I wanted to mention that the documents talk about special forces from NATO countries that the NATO countries had not admitted they're there. That includes about 50 special forces from the UK, a handful of special forces from the U.S., France and other countries. And one of the Republican Congress people, Matt Gaetz is introducing what's called a privilege resolution of inquiry that will force Biden to notify Congress exactly the number of U.S. military that are in Ukraine. So that's some of the updates on the leaked documents. Thank you for that, Medea. Brian Garby is with us from Massachusetts Peace Action. Brian, what's happening? Well, I'd like to give a brief update on this new campaign and it's directly related to what Medea was just talking about, calling for a negotiated end to this war, calling for negotiations for more diplomacy and for a ceasefire. If what we're looking at is a war of attrition, a stalemate, those go on for years and years. So the best way to end it is at the negotiating table. And to do so, the Peace and Ukraine Coalition has struck upon a very interesting idea. And that is to just put this front on the front page by buying a big ad in a newspaper, hosting a letter to Presidents Biden, Putin and Zelensky, calling for a negotiated end to this war. Because I think there's a lot of people in this country who are thinking about this, but there's so much media propaganda in support to continuing this war that by seeing it on a full page ad in a major newspaper could really wake the people up that other people might be thinking like you that it's time really to end this war. So so far, I think there's about 5,000 signatures on this. I believe it's about 50 groups that have endorsed it. And if someone could put the link in the chat, I think where this gets placed, how close to the front page and on how big a newspaper is gonna depend on how many donations we get for the campaign. So if you have a few bucks, please throw them in the pinks way. I think this is a great initiative. Yeah, this is an initiative. Thank you, Brianna, that as Brian mentioned, the Peace and Ukraine Coalition launched, we hope to get this petition and Mahal, oh, there we go, it's posted right there in the chat. Thank you, Mahal. We hope to get this petition published in an ad which would cost about $10,000 for a newspaper that's widely read on Capitol Hill. We've so far raised about 7,500. So help us reach the finish line, please. In terms of my news updates, so just a few headlines. We have 200 troops, military trainers in Taiwan right now. We had a congressional, a bipartisan congressional delegation led by Congressman Rokana go to Taiwan. The US of course has a lot of sanctions on China. So lawmakers are often looking to drama business with Taiwan and its semiconductor sector, but at great risk, we know. What else? Brazil's Lula is saying that the United States should knock off trying, encouraging Ukraine to continue this war. We need to end it, not fan the flames with more weapons. Ukraine has rejected Iraq's offer to mediate a peace agreement. Meanwhile, Russia is installing short range nuclear weapons in Belarus. So please, this is an urgent call to sign that petition and help us reach the finish line with the ad. Now is my great pleasure to turn this over to Jodi Evans and Teddy Ogborn who are campaigning for Code Pink's War Is Not Green campaign. This is a very important time, Earth Day coming up. And we know that the environmental movement and the peace movement must. It's imperative that they merge, right? That we become one and amplify the voices for peace. So with that, Jodi Evans, co-founder of Code Pink, take it away. Thanks Marcy, thanks Medea and thanks Maha for supporting us. And Brian, nice to be on Code Pink Congress. So, did you know that the United States spends 28 times more on the military than on affecting climate change? Or that war is the single largest institutional consumer of oil and that the Defense Department comprises 80% of US government fuel consumption? And that of course we know oil is one of the leading causes of interstate wars. So, War Is Not Green has been a call from Code Pink since we started for almost 20 years. We've been out there with this message. But now we have the numbers, we have the research and we have a global movement with us. Eight years ago when we launched our Divest from Weapons campaign, it was on the heels of the success of the climate movements divest work. Well, if people were divesting from oil companies and those companies that were polluting the planet, they needed to divest from weapons too because if you don't end war, it doesn't matter what else you do. The numbers that come out of war are the ones that will take us over the brink.  But he heavily, heavily invested in weapons companies. So we took him on. And now Teddy has a Code Pink resolution as part of the next Black Rock shareholder meeting that calls out his lies and that deception. We also took this message with Nancy Mancias or long-time wing campaigner to COP in Glasgow. And what was shocking is as we marched through the streets with a hundred thousand other activists for the planet, they were shocked to learn the cost of the war to the planet. And they were furious that they were just learning about it, that it had purposely been hidden. We know about the manipulation of information for more war. So hiding the cost of war to the planet has been part of that. And we have a lot more facts and talking points at codepink.org backslash wing that, you know, Maha will post in the chat here. So there are lots of ways you can be educated on Earth Day to carry that message. But to tell you more is Teddy Ogborn. He's our Wars Not Green coordinator, an amazing climate activist organizer based in New York City. He's out there getting arrested and supporting across the board, those that are engaged taking on banks and taking on the bad actors for the planet. He's also multifaceted as film festival director of fencing coach, a film producer and high school English teacher. So he's comes with a lot of skill sets, but the best is he's a great activist for the planet. Take it away, Teddy. Thank you so much, Jodi and Marcy Medea for setting up this call. So excited to see everybody here in preparation for Earth Day as a climate activist and as our Wars Not Green campaigner. I'm really, really excited for all of the events that we have this week. Of course, day of Saturday the 22nd Earth Day and that week following. It's a very, very busy week for climate activists the world over. And, you know, we need to be a part of that. So as people of conscience committed to peace, we need to be there on Earth Day calling for peace for the sake of the planet. I'll get a little bit more into that somewhat later in the call, what we have going on Earth Day. I hope everyone here finds ways to engage through that. I'll put my email just right now in the chat, actually, in case folks have any questions about how to engage. But I wanted to talk first, of course, about the war in Ukraine and the environmental costs of that war. If the humanitarian crisis caused by this war, the human costs weren't enough, we are calling for environmentalists, the world over, people who depend on a climate, which is everybody, to call for peace in Ukraine. This concerns, of course, people at the site of the conflict, but it concerns everybody on this planet, all everything that you hear about within the climate movement, about environmental justice, about how climate change and rising sea levels disproportionately affect people of color and then vulnerable communities, the world over. That is all true and exponentially so of this war in Ukraine. Another figure that I'd like to share is the war itself, simply the operations of the war. It's as though an entirely new mid-sized European country has sprouted out of the ground and began spewing carbon and methane emissions into the air, a mid-sized European country. That is simply the emissions caused by this war. It must stop. Again, if not for the humanitarian tragedies and deaths incurred on both sides of the conflict, but of course the environmental ones. Naturally, you can assume one of those major factors is the air pollution caused by rockets being launched and explosions on the ground, toxic chemicals being spewed in urban and rural areas, harming folks in both territorial Ukraine and Russia and traveling up into our atmosphere. These things don't break down. There are forever chemicals often in our atmosphere causing acid rain throughout the planet. Of course, Ukraine itself holds a third of the biodiversity of all of Europe. And we know that this planet will not survive without the abundant life and biodiversity that we all depend on. And you know that both forest cover and farmland is being decimated by wayward bombs or very targeted bombs and warfare. Farmland specifically, many, many, many square kilometers of farmland will be unarrowable for years to come, potentially decades, as though it's being salted intentionally and crops will not be able to be grown. This is people's livelihoods that we're talking about. And in terms of the ocean, ocean biodiversity, it's been estimated that about 50,000 Black Sea dolphins, 50,000 have washed up on the shores around the Black Sea as a result of maritime operations of the war in Ukraine and poisoning of their waters and also disorientation due to maritime operations which disrupts their echolocation. But as a climate activist, I also think a lot about the fossil fuel industry, of course. And it goes without saying we've all experienced this. The fossil fuel industry has mutated as a ginormous monster because of this war in Ukraine. I mean, we've all experienced this in the last year. We were all paying record prices for our own fuel, right? As consumers, we are experiencing those price hikes. And we were all told that this is simply due to the war in Ukraine. And this was the big oil's way of sweeping the issue under the rug and avoiding accountability. But it's a Google search away. 2022 was the most profitable year on record for Chevron, BP, Shell, all of the oil giants. So it's not as though they were taking a hit. They were price gouging. They were able to do so because of the war and because of these mutated fossil fuel markets. And lest we think that, you know, the hand has been, you know, smoothed over the sandbox of control of energy over the world, this is the United States specifically profiting from this mutated fossil fuel markets. You see, actually, when the Nord Stream pipelines were sabotaged last September, this was approximately precisely the moment when the United States natural gas exports to Europe for the first time ever overtook Russian sales to Europe. So you can see these are geopolitical and corporate games being played by global superpowers because the fossil fuel industry does control geopolitics in this way. Just as Jodi mentioned, it is one of the leading causes of interstate conflict. And we know that the war in Ukraine is no exception. So that is why we need everybody in the peace movement and in the climate movement to be opposing this war in Ukraine because of the deaths on the side of the conflict and the many more deaths that will result of climate catastrophe and already are. So thank you. Yes, Marcy sharing this link. We have written a letter to President Biden and to Congress calling for a ceasefire and negotiations in Ukraine immediately on environmental grounds. We have many, many individual signers, people of conscience who have signed on already calling for negotiations now. And we also have many major environmental organizations signed on, such as 350.org North America, Dutchings for Pieces signed on, Extinction Rebellion chapters across the country are signed on. And we need everybody here to continue to spread this message. We're going to deliver it to Congress next week, just following Earth Day. When the message is the loudest, we're gonna catch this wave and we're gonna call for negotiations and ceasefire in Ukraine. So I hope we can all join in that effort. And I'll talk more about Earth Day in just a little bit, but thank you everyone so much. And I'll talk right along. Wonderful to have you in the vanguard of this campaign. We are now going to turn to our invited guests tonight. We have, as I mentioned, Keone DeFranco from Hawaii. We have Juan Agon from Guam. And we have Stephen Donziger from New York who has been battling it out with Chevron for quite some time. He will update us on all of that and the intersection of climate and militarism. But first, I'm gonna turn it back to Teddy to introduce our first guest. So Teddy, if you wanna introduce Keone. Yes, okay. So happy to have Keone on. Keone DeFranco is a community organizer, a KIAI water protector and a Kanaka Maui native Hawaiian resident of Waimanolo, Oahu. Keone was part of a delegation of KIAI water protectors who traveled to Washington DC to meet with Hawaii's representatives to discuss accelerating the defueling and decommissioning of the Red Hill bulk fuel storage facility. In 2021, the Navy's facility began leaking fuel into the freshwater aquifer underneath the island of Oahu, contaminating the water for an estimated 100,000 residents. And Keone has been key in this fight. Keone, thank you so much for joining us. Take it away. Aloha mai, o kowinua Keone, o Waimanolo, maiao. Aloha, and thank you all so much for being here today. My name is Keone, and I'm based in Waimanolo on the island of Oahu. I'm a Kanaka Maui native Hawaiian and a Kiaiwai, a water protector and community organizer in the efforts to defuel, decommission and deoccupy Red Hill, which is a naval fuel storage facility built in the 1940s that has been leaking fuel directly into our water supply since its doors opened. As mentioned, most recently Red Hill leaked over 14,000 gallons of jet fuel in May and June of November of 2021, and experienced an A-triple F spill of firefighting suppression liquid, which contains a forever chemical PFOS in November of 2022. Now that's three toxic spills within a year and a half. Needless to say, the Red Hill fuel facility is a threat to all life on Oahu as it continues to store over 100 million gallons of fuel, 100 feet above Oahu's sole source aquifer, which supports a population of 900,000. Another leak could completely destroy the water pipes, making Honolulu uninhabitable. We asked the question once that occurs, where will our people go when the Navy then finally evacuates its people? We refuse to allow this risk to continue. And while a task force has been created to defuel Red Hill, not a single gallon of fuel has left the facility to date. Congress now requires the Secretary of Defense to certify that the Red Hill facility is non-essential before it can be defueled via the National Defense Authorization Act of 2023, a certification that has yet to happen. And so this happens 12 months after the Secretary of Defense did deem this site as one that can be defueled. Now we're moving backwards, most likely given the increased activity within the Pacific region as we gear up an offensive towards China. Every moment Red Hill is not defueled, we risk irreversible damage to our aquifer, which our grandchildren will have to deal with. The U.S. military is the greatest threat to life in Hawaii and on our island of Oahu. Late stage imperialism is when jet fuel is coming at your water faucet. The logical next step is for the immediate reduction in the footprint of the Department of Defense in Hawaii. If the military currently occupies 25% of Oahu's land, then we call for an immediate reduction of troops. If we the people have been asked to reduce our water usage by 10%, we call for 10% of the military troops to leave our shores immediately as we are still experiencing a water shortage directly as a result of the Navy's negligence. Now Red Hill is not an isolated incident. So we also call for land back for the illegally occupied and stolen military and civilian lands to return to the Kanaka Mali, the people, not the state of Hawaii, as reparations for decades of pollution to our land and water sources so that we can begin to heal as a people as La Hui. The Kanaka Mali native Hawaiians make up only 20% of the Hawaii's population at this point while making up 50% of its homeless. The presence of the military directly displaces the Kanaka and places us in poverty. We call the shutdown bases across Pai Aina, Hawaii, including Makua Valley on Oahu, Oahu Loa training area on Hawaii Island, Pacific Military Range Facility Barking Sands on Kauai and Maui Space Surveillance Complex, which leaked diesel fuel on the summit of Haliakalao this past February. Now all of these sites have leases that expire starting in 2029. So this is a kahia call to action in a moment in which we can actually permanently shut these sites down for good. Each one of them is gonna be going through a process of an environmental impact statement. The first of these has happened for Oahu Loa. The state of Hawaii has already rejected their first draft, which means that there are opportunities for each one of these sites to actually be shut down for good. We also call for a civilian oversight on the joint task force Red Hill, which you believe is a very simple ask. It took hours before our chief engineer of Honolulu Board of Water Supply, Ernie Lau, to be alerted that there was a PFAS bill last November and we the public have still not seen film footage of this bill, which has been withheld for us. And so this is also a call that the Navy must release this footage for transparency's sake and place community and civilian leaders such as Ernie Lau onto the joint task force. It makes no sense that we do not have a seat at the table. To restore our water systems, we must regain management of our lands. Aloha aina, aina aloha. We love the land, the land is us. We are the land. The bones of our ancestors are Eevee turned to dust. Thus we become the land that we protect. We are genealogically connected. Ola iqabai, water is life. Ola qabai, there is life in the water itself. And so without the necessity of the water itself supporting life for Kanaka, given our genealogical connection, it is our kuleana responsibility to fight and protection of freshwater to exist within itself. Aloha nui loa for your time, aloha mai. Okay, that was really beautiful and I feel like crying. Please post in the chat what you would like people to do. That's a highest priority and then do email us and we can tell people in greater depth what they can do to support your efforts. Okay, I think there's time. Well, we're gonna go to questions in a minute but first we're gonna hear from some of our other guests. We will have a Q and A after we hear from Julianne Agon and Steven Donziger. Can I have one question, Marcy? Just... Okay, one question because we do wanna do the Q and A. I know, but also to express, wow, just deepest love and the violations that are happening. And here we are talking about Earth Day and the effects of the military. And we watch the culture of militarism find its way into everything. What are your experiences with the militarism as you work to defend, as you're a planet defender, what engagements do you have with militarism? It's interesting, as I say, militarism. We also look at this as military tourism. So we look at like Bellows Air Force Base, which is the closest military base to where I live in Waimanalo. This is a sizable military base that at this point is marketed online as mainly a resin and recreational site. And so this is hundreds and hundreds of acres of pristine beachfront property that is withheld from our community, many of which live on tents on the beach just two minutes down where the military not just has training facilities but withholds housing that could house our people. And so we have, you know, Pohaku Loa, which is the largest military training facility within the U.S. on Hawaii Island. That is a site that 30 days before the Manaloa eruption, which happened last November, the military, the army in particular was hosting training right at the base of Manaloa dropping bombs. And so as our community is saying, this mountain looks like it is about to erupt, do not do so, they do that. And then, you know, 30 days later, an eruption occurs. And so we do have, you know, this 20% of the state of Hawaii itself is military occupation, 25% of Oahu just in itself. It's also military occupation. But then when you begin to look at, you know, which of these lands are just unused and used for military tourism? You know, barking sands on Kauai is definitely one of those, Bello's Beach is another one of those. And so for us, demilitarization is a phase process. Of course, we'd like entire U.S. presence to leave our shores immediately, but for us, if we can ask for 10% here, 10% there reduction, give us this land, give us that land. So that our people that are unhoused and homeless can move into a space that hasn't been polluted and have a roof over their head because some of these places like Bello's is also archeological sites, sites where our burials are in places where we can immediately begin to house our people and grow our food security is directly in conflict with military occupation as well. And so if we can focus on returning land for food and housing, that makes a big difference. And so for us, this is a phase process. And again, reparations for us as community means returning land to us immediately. If you cannot speed up the deep feeling of Red Hill, then give us land, tell us why not. Exactly. Thank you. Thank you so much, Keone. All right, we're gonna turn to somebody that a lot of us have heard of, Steven Donziger. He's been in the news quite a bit for the last few years. People have been outside his home in New York City in support of his case. And Steven is best known for his legal battles with Chevron in which he represented over 30,000 farmers and indigenous people in Ecuador who suffered environmental damage and health problems understatement caused by oil drilling. The Ecuadorian court awarded the plaintiffs nine and a half billion in damages, which led Chevron to withdraw its assets from Ecuador and launched legal action against Donziger in the United States. Having spent 45 days in prison and a combined total of 993 days under house arrest, Steven Donziger was released on April 25th, 2022. He believes Chevrons, what happened to him is basically a lab experiment in disguise. He'll talk more about that and the goal of the environmental movement, how we can merge with the peace movement. All right, Steven, the floor is yours. Welcome. Thank you so much for that nice introduction to Jody Evans and Teddy and everyone on the call. Everyone does such extraordinary work. I'm honored to be invited to share a little bit of my story and sort of what it means. So in a nutshell, I've worked for many years representing indigenous peoples and farmer communities in Ecuador as Amazon against Chevron.  The result over time is many people have suffered tremendously, many have died of cancer and other oil-related diseases. And this humanitarian catastrophe persists to this day. People are really hurting in Ecuador. We filed a lawsuit, won a roughly $10 billion judgment in 2013 rather than pay the judgment. Chevron then went after me personally in the United States and New York where I live. They sued me for the most money. Anyone in this country, any individual in this country has ever been sued for $60 billion. We kept going. We won a big judgment in Canada from the Supreme Court in Canada to enforce the Ecuador Environmental Judgment against Chevron's assets in that country. And then Chevron went after me through a judge here in New York who had investments in Chevron. And this judge charged me with criminal contempt of court for refusing to turn over my computer and confidential case file to Chevron in the middle of this civil litigation. I had appealed his order, which I think is unprecedented and illegal. And while it was on appeal, he had me locked up prior to trial on his contempt charges. And I ended up staying in my home for almost three years, including 45 days of that time I was in a federal prison. And this was all for a misdemeanor charge of contempt where the maximum sentence was 180 days. More notable, and this is sort of the larger message is this is, I think, part of a new fossil fuel industry playbook to target activists. The federal prosecutor in New York refused to prosecute me on the judge's contempt charges. So the judge appointed a private Chevron law firm to prosecute me in the name of the United States government. I'm the only person in the history of our country, I think, who's been prosecuted directly by a corporation and detained by a corporation, which essentially took over the prosecutorial machinery of the United States government to try to silence me. So next Tuesday, actually a week from today is the year anniversary of my release from this period of detention. I'll point out, I still sort of live in the danger of them doing this all over again because the issue of my computer is unresolved. Chevron has convinced the judge to confiscate my passport. I've lost my right to travel and they also disbarred me on the basis of all this without a hearing. Just so you know, the Ecuador case is still very much alive. It's been affirmed on appeal by Ecuador's highest court, the National Court of Justice. The communities in Ecuador who really are the center of this battle are attempting to enforce their judgment against Chevron's assets in other countries. So that's sort of the story. Now, what are really the lessons, I think, for all of us? First of all, I think what happened to me is sort of part of a broader trend in our country of corporatization of power, corporate control of government to try to essentially increase already obscenely high profits even further and prevent a transition to clean energy and continue to waive a little too successful in their advocacy. They wanna have the ability to threaten them with prison and if the prosecutorial or the prosecutors don't go along to prosecute them directly. My case actually got all the way to the US Supreme Court. And just a couple of weeks ago, I appealed this conviction. I ended up being tried in a non-jury trial by a judge who's a Federalist Society leader and Chevron funds the Federalist Society. The trial, in my opinion, was a farce. She wouldn't let me testify in my own defense. She wouldn't let me explain why I appealed this order that I turned over my computer in any event. It got to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court listed and relisted my case five times in their conference where they determined what cases to take. And they eventually denied my appeal, essentially legalizing the idea of corporate prosecutions in the United States. But interestingly, two of the justices, the conservative justices, Corsic and Kavanaugh, dissent really a beautiful opinion. By the way, I don't agree with Corsic and Kavanaugh on probably 99.9% of the issues they've worn. But this was amazing. And they basically stood for the principle that corporate prosecutions cannot, should not happen. They violate the Constitution and they violate international law. I'm shocked, frankly, that none of the so-called liberals on the court joined them. It only takes four justices of the nine to take an appeal. So I just needed two more and I couldn't get it. But I'm really proud of, you know, that we were able to take it as far as we did. And I think it really sends a message when these two conservative justices sort of see this for what it is. It's a step forward to some degree, but the sad reality is this playbook is now legal. Now, I don't necessarily expect it to be used. I hope it's never used again, but I think we as activists need to understand that we need to see this for what it is and fight it so it never happens again. So with regard to the question of sort of the connection between the peace movement and the climate justice movement, I mean, one thing I've noticed in this journey I've been on where I've had to really grow a lot and learn a lot to understand what was really happening to me. You know, it's not necessarily immediately obvious when you're charged with a crime or the judge appoints a prosecutor under a technical rule, the federal rules of criminal procedure, what's really happening. Because a lot of these tools of judicial oppression are hidden in the esoteric of the technical law. But, you know, I've been able to speak to enough people and get enough coverage from the independent media. I think people are generally aware of this. I do think it's critical that we connect dots, connect movements. You know, it's not just the peace movement and the climate justice movement that need to be closer together. It's also the labor movement, the criminal justice movement. It's really every progressive movement, isn't it? And I think that the climate movement as a whole has not been connected enough to some of these other issues that are affecting communities around our country and around the world. And, you know, one thing I've tried to do in my talks and in my advocacy is connect the dots so we can forge a stronger movement for justice that brings people together. I mean, think about this. There's so much crazy happening in our country right now. I mean, just in the last two weeks, you have the whole, you know, abortion issue, resurfacing with the pill issue.  You know, we have reports of a man literally dying after he's eaten up by insects in a jail in Atlanta. We have 42 activists in Atlanta charged with domestic terrorism. They're mostly peaceful protesters and a complete abuse of the law. We have poisonings in Ohio, Indiana. This is all, in my opinion, not just disparate crazy events. I mean, this is all a function of a deeper problem in our country that relates to the utter buyout of government. The government's supposed to protect the public. It's been bought out by corporate power and it's manifesting now and huge problems all over the place. And of course, it gets everyone so upset and confused. It's almost to the point where it's by design so people feel paralyzed, so we cannot organize them. We cannot bring the peace movement together with the climate movement and the labor movement and the criminal justice reform movement. So I think it's really important we keep our heads straight as we're, you know, really buffeted with all sorts of stuff going on right now.  There are massive abuses of the law taking place. Our federal judiciary, a good part of it has gone so far to the right that these cases start to gain traction and they become, you know, weapons of power by corporations to use the judicial system to undermine people's movements.   She fought behind the scenes for my rights and got me out of prison after six weeks when I was supposed to be there for six months.   Man, I salute you so much and feel total solidarity with your struggle. But all of these little things all of us are doing need to connect up and they really, really matter. And the connections really matter. So I'll stop there. I hope that's at least marginally relevant to what you wanted to hear me say tonight. And I'm happy to answer any questions later on. Marcy, you're muted. Okay, here we go. Thank you, Stephen. We really appreciate your battle, what you've been through and, you know, how you have inspired others to fight back. We are now gonna go to our next guest from Guam and Jody will introduce him. Thank you and thank you, Stephen, for sharing your story and being so courageous. So it's, you know, you remind us that to stay in the fight together. So next I wanna bring to you my dear friend, Julianne Guam, who's a Chamorro human rights lawyer and author from Guam. His most recent book, No Country for Eight Spot Butterflies, you must all read because it illustrates the urgency of fighting global climate injustice and his clarity of focus and radical empathy are desperately necessary for this new world we're imagining. Julianne founded the law firm Blue Ocean Law at the age of 28 and he earned a Pulitzer Prize recognition for his 2021 essay right before COP and Glasgow, which was in the Atlantic and it was called the Hell with Drowning. He serves on the Global Advisory Council of Progressive International and he works at the intersection of environmental justice and indigenous rights. He's worked to prevent ocean mining, illuminate struggles of indigenous leader communities exposed threats to human rights and most recently an enormous win for the planet that he'll share with you. He's one of my heroes. He's welcome, Julianne. Thank you so much, Jody and thank you so much to all of everyone at Coping for inviting me to be part of this session today. Jody asked that I just briefly recount what happened in New York last month and so I'll just start there and then I'll share with you all what's happening in my own homeland of Guam. So in March 29th, a small miracle happened. We, my law firm Blue Ocean Law, we have represented the Republic of Vanuatu for the past three years and we have been pursuing an advisory opinion on climate change and human rights from the International Court of Justice based in Hague. This is the principal judicial organ of the UN, the World Court, some say.  And so we've been working for three years and last month we succeeded in securing a resolution that was adopted by consensus which in and of itself is pretty shocking only because in the entire history of the United Nations the General Assembly has never requested an advisory opinion from the World Court on that basis, on a consensus basis. Meaning we got even the naysaying states to sort of get out of the way and not actually oppose this resolution. So we are now gearing up for sort of a worldwide set of pleadings especially by climate vulnerable countries around the world for whom the climate crisis is really just happening here and now and just devastating. There's such a wide range of adverse impacts being felt across the small island Pacific developing states. So we are working on that. That's one of the biggest projects that the firm is working on. But I also wanted to share a little bit of an update because I've spoken with Code Pink before and Code Pink has been a wonderful ally for the indigenous to more people want but the bullet train is still on the tracks and just heading toward us. The US as it ramps up its potential war against China is really aggressively militarizing my homeland of Guam and the Northern Mayan Islands. We as I've told Jody we are bracing ourselves for a cataclysmic round of militarization with no parallel in modern history. I mean, just the other months the US Marine Corps had a ribbon-cutting ceremony and sort of to celebrate its brand new Marine Corps base. It's the first US Marine Corps base that has been built anywhere in this country in 70 years. So like the US is just dragging us backward. I mean, the US is our colonizer. Guam remains formally slated by the UN as a non self-governing territory which is the UN's way of saying modern day colony. That means that the colonized people of Guam are officially waiting to exercise our right of self-determination. That includes the right to outright independence, for example. It includes the possibility of throwing off the colonial yoke for good. And so this is what in the context of that we have a sort of rapid and really large scale militarization of the island. Right now the number is 5,000. So the US and government together with the government of Japan has agreed to transfer 5,000 US Marines from Okinawa, which itself shoulders a disproportionate burden of US military presence. I think Okinawa house or place hosts to roughly 70% of the entire US military presence in Japan is housed in Okinawa. So in part due to growing unrest by civil society community-based organizations, et cetera, the US government and Japan have agreed to relocate at least 5,000 of those US Marines to Guam. And so what that means is a brand new Marine Corps base, dramatic expansion of US military footprint on Guam. This has translated into several things being constructed, several military related construction projects. For example, five range military, like live fire training range complex that's up there on the northern coast of the island. And to build this complex, which includes a massive machine gun range, the US military has destroyed over 1,000 acres of pristine limestone forest, the same forest that serve as critical habitat for several endangered endemic species like our native eight-spot butterfly, which I write about in the book, but also serves as like the grounds, like where our traditional plant medicine grows and our traditional medicine women are zoanti or our traditional healers gather the plants they need to make certain medicines. So we have been obviously opposed to this massive militarization of our homelands. Oh, let me back up and say, it's not just terrestrial expansion, it's also marine expansion. So the US military is also carving out a swath of the Pacific Sea, of the Pacific Ocean that's based, the last estimate was, according to the last, it's almost the size of India. That is how big a swath of the ocean off the coast of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands that the US military is playing war games on, it's blowing up ships, it's endangering a whole wide range of our, other than human relatives from humpback wells. And there's a humpback well nursery right off of the coast of Saipan. There are sort of a wide range of dolphins, sea turtles and other species that are directly in the line of fire. And we have US federal agencies, sort of essentially waiving the requirements of having to comply with US federal environmental statutes. So the military in effect has a license to kill and that, it has at least a license to take and to take is to harm or otherwise disturb marine mammals and the like, in their natural habitat. So we are looking at tens of thousands of marine species a year, tens of thousands that have been authorized to be taken. You should read, if you want further reading, you should read the letter of authorization that's been issued, the incidental take permit that's been issued. This is like essentially a grant, a seven year license to harm all of this marine life. And that's what we're up against. To be in Guam right now is to sort of be assailed at every side, by the US military because of colonial enterprise. And we are here and we are objecting, we have protested, there's been direct action, there's been lawsuits. We have done so many things to try to stop the spreading canopy of US militarization. And, you know, in some ways to, and that I think is an addition of a larger failing. I think the entire national anti-war movement has failed. We, people still don't understand what Guam is, that it is the ancestral homeland for the Chamorro people. Instead, we have language, the constant use and deployment of language that disappears my people. For example, Guam being referred to as an unsinkable aircraft carrier. You know, there's all this innocuous, genocidal use of language. And it all sort of runs toward the same end. And that is sort of sort of render the people invisible, my people, and sort of like render this place open for the taking by the US military. And the US military is taking. And we are all in danger for it. So yes, I work on this issue. We have tried to do a number of things, you know, it's very hard to litigate certain kinds of issues in the US federal court system. As Steven and everyone else here probably already well knows, you know, there are a variety of sort of jurisprudential tools that function as escape vows for judges to essentially get out and sort of like just excuse all kinds of sort of absolutely abhorrent behavior that is so concretely adverse to so many forms of life, human and otherwise. And those tools have been employed in our case, Earthjust, everyone has lost their round of litigation, all litigation has sort of failed to stop this. And we clearly just need people power. You know, we need that and we have so much more work to do.  It's clearly the only way forward. I mean, that's why I'm excited to be a part of Progressive International to take these stands with different communities. For example, when Red Hills being contaminated in Hawaii affecting our native Hawaiian brothers and sisters and everyone there, it is horrendous what the US military has been allowed to get away with in Hawaii too. They have poisoned the water too. In Guam our aquifer is in direct sort of has been directly threatened by that same machine gun range I just described which at which the US military plans to expend some 6.7 million lead bullets over our primary source of drinking water. And so all of these struggles are not only connected but we have to build bridges across those struggles because clearly it's the only way forward is a road that's paved with solidarity. And I knew that for Okinawa too. It's a lie when they say that they're reducing the US military presence by moving some of these Marines to Guam. Because in fact the US Marines has also recently announced that they're still expanding it's their US military footprint in Okinawa. So we are our fates are tight, our futures. Thank you so much. Thank you, Juliana Guam. We are gonna go now to our Q&A because we have a lot of questions and we encourage people to post their questions in the chat. After we conduct our Q&A we'll take an action and then we will hear more about Earth Day and CodePink's plans from Teddy Augborn. But for now if we could put our three guests in the spotlight, Keone and Stephen and Julian we can go ahead and ask some questions. So Jody, first question. Well, first of all just super gratitude because everyone has shared some very hard stories for all of us witnessing to whole for you. So just the deepest gratitude and thank you for sharing about what this work is like up close and personal. And I posted in the chat we have a campaign at CodePink. So I put in the chat how you can call on your members of Congress to take on the issue of what's happening in Guam. But Julian what else if there's anything else that those here who've been affected by your story can do besides read your book which I also encourage everyone to do because it nourishes your heart as you deal with the grief simultaneously. So Julian anything else? Thank you so much Jody. But also just rationing up the organizing. I mean, we really have to target this Armed Services Committee, the Armed Forces Committee. This is, there's so much work that is like sort of missed opportunities.  It's the military industrial congressional complex. Congress is a bedfellow in this whole sorted mess. And we know that because they are literally approved and then add money to the Pentagon's request to budget.  I mean, what's happened, how clearly and rapidly they're accelerating the militarization of my homeland. And also just to call all of these leaders on the carpet when they sort of reflexively use the language of going to war with China. None of that is inevitable, but we see it's use. It's so loose and so casual. Like I cringe when I hear it because so many people are already sort of sliding into the war going rhetoric without sort of like just taking a pause. There's so much like work we can get that petition signed. We can like work on certain committee members. I mean, there's just really a wide range of things we could do. Another thing I would ask, I don't want to take up too much time, but if Guam can be explicitly added to the sort of the list of demands that Coppink is already bringing so that we're not duplicating our efforts. Guam is just absent from some of the work you're already doing. So I think that that's another thing. Thank you. Medea, you had a great question. Yes, I was talking in the chat to Keoni and it really also applies to Julian. This issue Keoni of you're being able to work in alliance with some of the members of the military who live on the base and whose water has been contaminated. I wonder if you could tell us how that alliance is working with all the differences. There must be in culture, in the native Hawaiians thinking of the military as invaders of their land and potentially to Julian, is there any potential of working, are there any allies that you can find in the military for the issue of the militarization of Guam? Thank you. Yeah, Mahalo for the question. First and foremost, it's important to establish that Reddil has been leaking for decades. The site was de-classified in 1999. So we didn't even know it existed yet it continued to spill from the 1940s on. There was a massive spill in 2014 that was even larger than 2019. So I think we have the advantage of social media and we're spreading faster than ever before to our advantage. And this is one of those rare instances in which our movement, you know, as Kiai Baye is water protectors, this fight is directly linked to sovereignty. This is directly linked to self-governance, self-determination and then AI independence. As we are removed from our land, thus our land is poisoned. And so this has been one of these very unique moments in history in which military, active military members and their families are on the same side as us. And places like Fort Island have been poisoned again for decades and people that have been stationed there have been sick for a very long time and haven't had the, you know, maybe the confidence to come forward and speak. I do want to shout out Major Mandy Fettit who has courageously, while in uniform, not just spoken out about this, but actually directly sued the Navy along with a number of others. And so she's done that, putting her career at risk. And through struggle, we have created incredible solidarity. We've been able to have these conversations about, this might be new to your community, but this is what we've been experiencing for 130 years of illegal occupation. And so if we can create this, you know, this is a working class solidarity movement, you know, putting the Hawaiians back onto land, we'll directly reduce the cost of living for everyone in Hawaii, you just like an agriculture. And so being able to have these talking points spread outside of our community is one of those, you know, small wins we have because now people can understand why things like Mauna Kea are so important. You know, that wasn't a movement that was able to galvanize as much support, especially within our own communities here in Hawaii as Red Hill has. Yet there was a spill on Mauna Kea weeks ago, in July at a UH facility, a telescope spilled gasoline into our aquifer. And so this is why things like Mauna Kea are so important. And so Red Hill becomes one of these moments in which we're able to create that solidarity between Kanaka Maui, Kama'aina, the people of Hawaii and then spread into the military itself so they can understand what our community has been facing for decades. We hope to build this movement greater together for them and my heart goes out to those communities. And it is important to acknowledge that, you know, our Kanaka community isn't integrated into the military. My grandfather served, my uncle has served and many of our members that are Kanaka Maui have uniforms on and no small part because of a lack of economic opportunity. And so that is also the other side of the coin here is us building economic power in solidarity and so supporting, not just made in Hawaii brands but native Hawaiian owned companies is one of the best ways in which we can build economic power that can help us build political power to one day regain as much of our land if not all of it as possible. Thank you. Teddy, did you have a question that you wanted to ask? I didn't have a question lined up, Jodi. I thought we were moving into the session on Earth Day. But if we're still in the Q&A session then let's continue with that. Just checking, I've asked Mary and Ruth to see if they could put in the chat what their questions are and Taj. I have a question. This question is for both Keone and Julian. And that is, where are the people on this, the people of Hawaii, the people of Guam? Is there a growing sentiment against all of this horrific militarization or how do we shift the public opinion? You want to go first, Julian? Oh, sure. OK, yes, absolutely. There's a growing movement. I mean, to answer Madia's question from the chat, a growing movement for independence, as well as a growing sort of anti-war movement here. We have, in the last decade, I've seen such a dramatic expansion of sort of our activist movement. And we have organizations whose sole purpose is opposing this current US military buildup. I'll just make a quick shout out to sort of the amazing grassroots indigenous Chihuahua woman who lead Protehe La Texan, St. Virginia. And this is a group that we work with very closely. We have protested at every single angle. And we sort of, the thing that I'm proud about is that we've really done it in a diversified way. We've done it. We've thrown everything that we could at it. The legal, non-legal, political community, grass roots. I mean, even in, we're invoking, for example, like even getting different members of the community that otherwise weren't really historically associated with activism. For example, the fisherfolk. We have galvanized so many of our traditional fishermen. I'll just give an example with the machine gun range that I talked about. It's created a weird surface danger zone whereby the US military is blocking access to all of our fishermen for no less than 242 days out of a 365 day year. Like no concern for the lunar calendar, no concern for how different species of fish, or anything, any traditional knowledge. So we have really galvanized certain communities that haven't been before. And so that really is expanding. We are trying our absolute best. We are. There are so many members in the community who are opposed to both this US military project and US militarization in general. Go ahead, Kilney. Thank you. Yeah, and our movements are inherently linked, globally and especially across the Pacific. In terms of support for the fueling Red Hill, I would say we have more support for this movement than any that I've seen in my lifetime. I think when you talk about elementary schools that have had their water source poisoned in which the children there are pulled, they cannot even wash their hands because there's jet fuel coming out of the faucet. This is one of those moments in which it does galvanize an incredible amount of support both for civilians and members of the military because it is the military that has been affected the most here in terms of the water coming out of their pipes. And so while we do have this support throughout Kauai and Oahu in particular, still the Navy has refused to move a drop of oil out of the fuel facility itself. That is why a delegation went to Washington DC. It was within that short amount of time making a lot of noise that within that week, the task force was created. That was given the kuleana the responsibility to begin that day-fueling process. And we began to see a timeline that expands more than two years as repairs into occur before fuel can begin to leave that facility. So we're so in a multi-year battle here, it fueled to leave the facility. And so we are trying to use this moment to shine a light on as many of these facilities that are leaking across Kauai and Oahuai as possible. So we do have the support in particular for this moment. We are beginning to face PR pressure, called arms for militarization, which is crazy to me to use occupied Hawaii and Guam to supposedly support sovereignty for Taiwan from China. And so we're hoping within this moment that our struggles can rise as much as possible. And so even with so much support, we haven't seen actual progress in terms of getting that facility refueled. The other piece of that is we are beginning to hear rumors or statements in the public that they'd like to repurpose that facility. So for us, the feeling is only stage one, decommissioning is stage two, and to me, the occupation is stage three. Then the military needs to leave that site. That site is safe to us. Thank you, Keone and Julian. Before we close the Q and A, perhaps, Stephen, you wanna share with us your next steps, what you plan to do to advance the climate movement and the intersection or the melding of a variety of movements. Thank you. I just wanna say to Julian and all those who worked on that resolution to you, and that's a big thing that people aren't paying enough attention to in my opinion. Congratulations. I wanna say that if the international, I'm sorry, the world court rules or issues and an advisory opinion on climate, it really could turbocharge a lot of litigation around climate around the world. And I think that's a really important step and a very clever thing that you guys organized. So I congratulate you. In terms of me personally, right now I'm writing a book and I'm listening to the title of Julian's book and I'm thinking maybe we should have an offline conversation. You could recommend a title to me. I love the title of your book. That's amazing, it's beautiful. I'm writing a book and I'm doing a lot of speaking and I'm continuing to fight. I mean, Chevron tries to use me as a weapon of mass distraction so people don't pay attention to the crimes they committed against the indigenous peoples of the Amazon and Ecuador. So it's a little tricky because I need protection but on the other hand, I can't be a distraction. So I just wanna end this by, or end my part of this by refocusing attention on the people down there who continue to suffer. Hundreds of people have died of cancer. No one knows the precise number because no one's gonna fund a study to figure that out but the people are really hurting and they went to court legitimately when a case and Chevron simply refuses to pay and pays lawyers millions and millions of millions of dollars to tie up the people they poison in litigation rather than meeting its legal and moral responsibility. So it's the same story in Hawaii with the Pentagon, like we get that. It's the same story in Guam with the Pentagon. The fossil fuel industry and the military industrial complex are completely intertwined. We know that from war and from what's going on in Ukraine and it's all connected. So we need to understand these connections and support each other and understand that what happens in Guam, what happens in Hawaii, what happens in Ecuador, what happens right here in Manhattan where I've been completely screwed for three years by having my freedom taken away is all part of the same picture they are painting to keep us down.  You know, hearing the stories of Red Hill and the stories of Guam and so many other stories. Look, the history of Code Pink, what you guys have done with Code Pink, it's all inspirational. And the only reason they're doing all this stuff to us is we're, I believe, because we're getting stronger and we're getting more effective and we're getting smarter in how we think about strategy and how we mobilize people to organize. So as we get more successful and as we grow, they're going to come up with strategies that are even more vicious and we have to be prepared for that and we have to stick together and understand we have the power of numbers and we can win these battles. Thank you very much. Stephen Donziger, Jelena Gwan, Keone DeFranco, it is such an honor to have you join us tonight as we kick off Earth Day. And right now I'm gonna ask everybody to unmute and thank our guests. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Wonderful speaker. Thank you. Thank you. Keep going. Keep going is right. All right, now with all that inspiration, let's hear from Teddy what our next steps are. Let's engage Teddy. Let's tell us what to do. So having heard these incredible and also harrowing stories from Keone, from Julian, from Stephen, we have a responsibility to act, right? We've received some really marvelous education about the issues going on and we need to act. And Earth Day is the time to do that, right? I think the phrase environmental justice sometimes can operate as a bit of a buzzword in the environmental movement. And we need to have it retain its power. Environmental justice means that we are facing down the interrelatedness of the climate crisis, the humanitarian crisis, the occupation and colonialization of island nations and places that the US is based around the globe. And as people of conscience, we need to be having the climate movement walk its talk on environmental justice. We need to make sure this word has actual meaning on Earth Day. And that's why we're asking everybody to join as partners for Earth Day. We have the Wars Not Green Campaign has an Earth Day hub, a site where you can visit for resources, for talking points, to find local events and even to create local Code Pink events. It's all very simple to do on that site. And it provides us all a platform to continue to echo the inspiration and the stories that we've heard here today. Maha, if we could go ahead and share that page, I'll put it in the chat also for everyone to have. And then we're gonna screen share. Amazing, it's coming up. There it is. So right front and center, we know that we cannot end climate change without ending war. And we also know that we cannot address the environmental injustices that we've just heard about without demilitarization, without cutting massively the funding that's going to the U.S. Pentagon, redirecting that towards environmental and climate programs. So on April 22nd, we need to say yes to peace. Also the days leading up and the days following and forever onwards, we need to say yes to peace for the environment. So this is the site. Everyone has the link now in the chat. Here's just a little blurb about why we're doing this. I won't read through all of it, but there's some of the rationale there, which is also related to the messages below. But I just wanna echo some things that were mentioned on the call as well, like the Willow Project in Alaska, Cop City, which Stephen addressed. These are things that are all related to the war economy. The military-industrial complex. It could not be more interrelated. And as long as climate activists and peace activists continue their work without explicitly addressing and working at the interstices that are so present to us, we can't make progress in either movement. I think in many ways, they're one in the same movement and we need to make that clear to our co-organizers. So if you scroll on down, there's a button here that says tell Biden and war to save the planet. I put that link in the chat. That's our petition to do just that. I've discussed that already. Below that is a link partner with us to bring Earth Day and war messaging to your actions. We ask that you please do that. That's a Google form. It'll allow you to give us your name and your email and your geographic location if you wish to partner and bring Earth Day and war messaging to your local Earth Day. What does that look like? It could look like creating a partnership with an organization that's already having an Earth Day event in your local town. It could look like being that organization. It could be as simple as firing at your local Earth Day, choosing that day to fire in a local park when people might be enjoying the spring weather. And we have resources to do so just below. If you scroll on down, get involved. So a couple of great links there. On that bottom right, you can see it says print your own Earth Day posters and fliers. There's a link there to request those from our amazing support team. And if you scroll on down from there, you can see events that we already have on the docket. Right there first is the very call that we're on, kicking off Earth Day, amazing. It's officially kicked off following that. We have events in San Francisco, in New York City, in Boston, even London that people can tap into. And we hope to see this list grow again if you partner with us above. This list will continue to grow. All you have to do is send us some details and it will be an official CodePink event. I'm very excited, especially here in Brooklyn for our CodePink Wars Not Green event in New York. I'll be sharing a stage actually with Steven at Rave Revolution, which will be happening on Friday in Manhattan, that right now the location is top secret. So we can pull this thing off, but if you register there, if you happen to be in New York, Steven and I will be seeing you. It's a protest dance party. This is an amazing tactic brought forth by some activists that have come here just to organize this for Earth Day in New York. So we're thrilled about that. And there's a lot of other amazing tactics, marches, protests, firing, represented in these events as well. So I encourage everybody to use this site to take action and again to echo, to further the messages that we've just been shared here in this amazing call. You can also do that online. We're asking that everybody use the hashtags Earth Day 2023 and hashtag Earth Day End War so that we continue to make these links abundantly clear as they need to be for the climate movement. I'm putting in the chat just sort of a sample tweet that folks might use for some messaging. There's lots of resources on the site to do this, but here's just a sample tweet that folks might use. You could remix this, make it a little bit more personal, use some of the things that you learned in this call around colonialization and occupation in Guam and Hawaii and of course everything that we've talked about with regards to Ukraine. So I just wanted to share all that with you all. We're really excited about Earth Day right around the corner and we need to mobilize massively for peace and for planet. So thank you everybody and looking forward to Earth Day. Thank you, Teddy. Thank you, Teddy. Thank you, Judy. Nancy, all of you who are working so hard on the war is not green campaign, so important. And these are fantastic resources. I hope everybody checks them out and shows up. As you said in a park, in a highly traffic location, bring your signs, war is not green. All right, at this point, we're gonna conduct our capital calling party. I've got my phone right here. And if not, you could put the little script in the chat. I hope that a lot of us have in our phone the phone numbers of our senators and our representatives, our congressional representative so that we can call them directly. But tonight, our message is basically this. As we approach Earth Day, we are aware of the connection between militarism and climate. The Pentagon is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Stop voting for war. Stop voting weapons for Ukraine. Push for a ceasefire. Stop voting weapons for Taiwan for another proxy war. We need peace, not war. We need to ensure that we are thwarting the climate crisis, not exacerbating it, not worsening it. And there it is, right in the chat. So, Mahaa, if you don't mind putting on a little bit of John Douglas' terrific music, we can get started on making our call. So please, join me in calling your representatives right now. Thank you so much, Mahaa. We have 78 people still with us. You're making calls. Thank you so much for participating in this part of the show. And it's been a very inspiring and illuminating program. And again, I thank you all for coming. Please check out the many resources we have at the War Is Not Green campaign on the Code Pink website. Also, the Peace in Ukraine campaign under our resources page. We have a lot of great posters that you can also use if you decide to show up at an Earth Day event or call one of your own, okay? So thank you so much. And if you wanna save the chat, you've got the three dots at the bottom. And we will see you the first week in May, first and third week in May, we'll continue with Code Pink Congress. So thanks again, take care. And so...


If m of z is analytic in the complex plane, take away the contour sets, analytic in each of these sectors, m plus of z equals m minus of z times v of z on sigma. Now m plus or minus is the limit as z prime goes to z plus or minus, I'll explain it, of m of z prime. So if I'm sitting here, m of z is defined out here and defined out here, m plus of z will be the limit. As I take z down, z prime down to z from the plus side, and m minus is the limit of m prime of z as z prime goes to z from the left. So m is a solution of the Riemann Hilbert, k by n by k, if it satisfies these. So sometimes people call this a matrix factorization problem. Of course, if you take v here, v will be equal to m minus inverse times m plus, so you've factored the matrix in some way. Now if n equals k, so the matrix m square, we say m solves the normalized sigma v if m of z goes to the identity as z goes to infinity, some normalization. Now I'm going to write down now some of the analytical issues which one faces with Riemann Hilbert problems. There are a ton of them, and there's just no time to go through it in any systematic fashion. We'll just deal with them as they come up. So these are some issues just to get you thinking about it, which arise. How smooth. Any contours that you can put in? Secondly, what is the measure theory or function spaces? Points of self-intersection. So if you've got a point like this, how do you understand what's happening at that point? What do you mean by m plus and m minus and things like that? The sense of limits. So m plus and minus are limits as you come down to the contour from one side. Are they in what senses that limit being taken? And in what senses m of z going to the identity? Does a solution exist? Normalized case is a solution unique. And most importantly, so this is something which is analysts you want to get your hands on also there. So what kind of a problem? I'll tell you what the answer is, and we'll soon see it's considered that a Riemann Hilbert problem really is equivalent to the analysis of singular integral operators on the contour. Singular integral operators, singular, and these will typically be Fredholm operators. So in the end, if you ask what kind of a problem, it means you're looking at singular Fredholm integral operators. So let me spend some time now, or the remainder of the time, explaining how things actually work. How do we see these Riemann Hilbert problems coming up and what we've been speaking about? So we'll go back to panel number two, the example. Panel number two. Now there's a very nice book, brought out. I mentioned our focus. It's in Kapayev and Novak Shainov, who from which you can learn a great deal about the Riemann Hilbert problems associated with Pen-Levey equations. And the references are all written down. So you look at six rays sigma k, which is equal to rho times e to the i k minus 1 times pi divided by 3k running from 1 up to 6. There is sigma 1, sigma 2, sigma 3, 4, sigma 6. And sigma is the union of these. And attach and you orient these curves outwards. And on each of these contours, you're going to put down the jump matrix. 1p1p is going to be a constant. So you've got 101q. Here you've got 101r. Here you've got 101p. 1q01 should be up here. And finally, here you have 101r. So you've got six jump matrices.  So these are three numbers that satisfy this condition. Now fix x, any complex number, and let xz equal e to the minus i theta, 0, 0, e to the i theta. v of z, e to the i theta, 0, 0, e to the minus i theta. And theta is equal to 4z cubed over 3 plus xz. Thus, for example, on this contour over here, you would have v of xz. So on sigma 3, you would have that vx is equal to 101r e to the 2i theta, for example. Now let mx of z solve the normalized Riemann-Hilbert problem, sigma vx. So m is going to be analytic in six sectors. And that has these jumps across here. Then that means that m of x will look like the identity when z becomes large. And we can write here it's next term. And then the astounding fact is this. If we set y of x or u of x equal to 2i times m of 1 of x, 1, 2, this solves term of A2. So there you begin to get the picture. We've got a collection of lines. We've got jump matrices across there. We find the solution of the normalized Riemann-Hilbert problem for every x. We evaluate the residue term in the solution. We take its 1, 2 entry. We multiply by 2i. And we obtain a solution of pan-panel of A2. So you've got a representation. The issue is what can you do with it? The answer is that there is a version of steepest descent similar to the classical case, which will enable you to evaluate the asymptotics. So let me show you what the asymptotics looks like. So this Riemann-Hilbert problem really goes back to the Japanese school, Sato, Miwa, and Jumbo, and also in this country by Flushka and Newell. And you find the following. Let's take a specific case, 0, and as x goes to minus infinity, ux is equal to root 2 nu over minus x to the quarter times the cosine, cosine of 2 thirds minus x to the 3 upon 2 minus 3 upon 2 nu times the log of minus x plus phi. This is plus order log of minus x upon minus x to 5 quarters. And nu is equal to minus 1 upon 2 pi times the log of 1 minus q squared. And phi is equal to minus 3 nu log 2 plus log of the gamma function of i nu plus pi by 2 sigma q minus pi by 4. So I'm writing this out so that you have a very clear view that you are obtaining similar precision that you obtained in the case of the airy function you now obtained for the solution of this non-linear equation panel of A2. And that's obtained instead of using an integral representation user Riemann-Hilbert problem. And you apply a non-linear version of the classical steepest descent method to obtain this. There's a similar explicit formula when x goes to plus infinity. And you can read off. If you know the behavior plus infinity, you can immediately read off the behavior minus infinity. So this sets the standard for what one wants. Now, I want to say a little bit now again about the modified KDV equation. Maybe I have enough time to actually write down what plus infinity. This is again for the solution of panel of A2. This is equal to q. Very simple. So you see that if we know the behavior plus infinity, that means we know q. Once we know q, we can compute nu. This is a gamma function. And hence, we can compute. We've got the signal view. We've got everything here, which means that we know exactly what the behavior is as x goes to minus infinity. Conversely, if you know the behavior as x goes to minus infinity, it means you know nu, which means you know q squared. But because you know this solution as x goes to minus and you know phi, which means you know also the signal of q, so you can recover q. And hence, you can plug it into that other side and you see what the solution looks like at plus infinity. Let me say a little bit now about the Riemann-Hilbert problem for modified KDV equation we started off with. And now, again, the contour sigma is just going to be the real line going from minus infinity to plus infinity. And for x and t fixed, we define vxt, which is going to be a 2 by 2 matrix function on here, which is going to be given by 1 minus r of z squared minus r bar e to the minus 2i tau. Here, it's going to be r of z e to the 2i tau. Here is 1 tau as this form plus 4t z cubed. And r, which is called a reflection coefficient. And you should think of it at this stage as being in one-to-one correspondence with the initial condition. This is the initial condition for MKDV. So MKDV, I remind you, am I getting? That yt minus 6y squared yx plus yxxx is 0. And y at x and t equals 0 is this function y0 of x. So in fact, there's a scattering problem associated with y0 of x. And that gives here a reflection coefficient r. And there's a one-to-one correspondence between r and y0. So if I know y0, I know this function r. And if I know this function r, I know y0. But here is the jump matrix. We let remember x and t are frozen. We need the solution of the normalized Riemann Hilbert problem, sigma, which is r vxt. So m of xt is asymptotic to 1. And there's a residue term as z goes to infinity. Then uxt is equal to 2 times m1 of xt to 1. So it's again this truly remarkable fact. So let me just say again what you're doing. You fix x and t, and you build this matrix. And this is a reflection coefficient which is equivalent to the initial data for the equation. You solve this normalized Riemann Hilbert problem, getting function. You look at this residue term when z gets large. We take its 2, 1 entry, we multiply by 2. That's the solution of the modified kdv equation. If you can analyze this Riemann Hilbert problem asymptotically when space and time x and t become large, you have then got your hands on the long time b-bit behavior of the solution. Part of that b-bit behavior that you get, as we saw in this region here, this is x, this is t. So I'm freezing at time t. I'm looking at y. Here we had panel of a. And this region here is of length x is t to the third. That's that region. Somewhere out here, it looks like a modulated sign solution. And you can describe what the solution looks like everywhere using these techniques. Just a little word which you'll set on direction is that just as in one of the main features of the classical steepest descent method is deformation of contours. We picked a contour. You remember going to basically 120 degrees up and down. But you then can deform the contour by Cauchy's theorem in such a way which is advantageous for the stationary phase analysis. In exactly the same way, there's a deformation procedure for Riemann Hilbert problem. And to show the connection of how panel of a 2 is going to come into the solution, because we said over here the solution is going to be panel. How does this Riemann Hilbert problem have built into it or hidden in it panel of a? And it comes out in the following way. And we'll see more about this later. Is that in the case we would be writing out here, where q was between 1 and minus 1. And R was 0. If R is 0, that line isn't there. So you've got a Riemann Hilbert problem.  So these drop out because of that. So q is just minus p. So you've got a Riemann Hilbert problem left on something like that. This will be in panel of a 2. But for MKDV, you've got a Riemann Hilbert problem just on the line. Now what you do is that you take your jump matrix and you'll factor it into two pieces. I'll say more and more about that later. That enables you to deform this problem here into a problem on lines looking like that. In other words, this piece is going to be associated with this line. This piece is going to be associated with that line.  So let me just end with the following. The way I've motivated Riemann Hilbert problems is the use in analytical theory. I want to know what the solution of KDV or MKDV or the NLS equation looks like when x and t becomes large. I want to know what this probability distribution looks like, let's say the gap probability, that there are no eigenvalues in the gap when that gap gets large as an analytical problem. But Riemann Hilbert problems are also useful in other contexts. So not only, let me just finish off with this. So we've spoken about the analytical uses. But they're also algebraic uses. In other words, Riemann Hilbert problems is a canonical way in which they give rise to other differential equations which are of interest, sometimes in the physical community called string equations. Also other things. Also, it's purely, so I should put here rather than that, I should really put asymptotic. But now this is going to be purely analytical. So as I've motivated this by speaking about asymptotic issues, but you'll see that Riemann Hilbert problems are also useful for algebraic purposes. And finally, also for purely analytical issues. For example, there's something called the Pan-Levey property, which distinguishes the Pan-Levey equations from all other equations. How do you prove that a Pan-Levey equation is in the Pan-Pan-Levey class? A little bit like Gerard's question to Ivan when there's KPZ in the KPZ class. You can do this by using the Riemann Hilbert problem. It's purely and analytically. OK, thank you. Thank you very much for a beautiful lecture. Are there any questions? So how do you know that there is a Riemann Hilbert problem associated with the problem of interest? OK, now that is this whole question in all of mathematics. It's really, let me phrase your question like this. Once you know that the problem has a Riemann Hilbert representation, you know that you can solve it. So the question is, how do you know a priori that the problem is solvable? There are many different partial answers to this. If it has this property, you'll be able to, if you have this. But the real answer is that it's really just hit and miss. That is the real answer. People who feel that they can write down a systematic procedure, which was some sort of Galois theoretic point of view, which will tell you when you can solve a problem, and particularly when you can write it down. I don't believe it really cuts a mustard. In the end, you just have to be lucky. And if you're lucky, you should use it. I have a short question. So are the contours always fixed in this Riemann Hilbert problem? So you can also study what's happening when you kind of deform these contours? Absolutely. I mean, deformation is a fundamental part of the technique. The technique, and in fact, it's essential to get bounds, which will be independent of how you deform the contours. Just as in the classical steepest, the same method. Are there any other questions? Yes. No, then let's take the first again. OK.


What's shaking, my name's Cam, welcome back to another video. You know, I was considered a booktuber once upon a time. It's true, I have read book, I've read many book, in fact, but it's been a really really long time since I've done any like book reviews or book tags or specifically reading related videos, primarily because I spent most of last year just focusing on finishing my book. That's the real reason why I've been making mostly writing related content lately over the last year or more author tube over booktube content, if you like. But as a lot of you OG subscribers to the channel will know, I've been doing both booktube and author tube content pretty much since I started this channel. Like four years ago, it was always a bit of both reading and writing rather than just one thing over the other. And I'm definitely not saying I was the only one to do this. I wasn't. But there were very few people that were doing both booktube and author tube. I think we're referred to as like hybrids. And I think the main reason, at least back then, that there weren't a lot of hybrids was because if you split your content over reading and writing, it kind of stunted your growth on YouTube. You know, you would have like writers who would come to your channel from a writing video and then see that your next upload is a book review and then unsubscribe again or the other way around. That's just how it was. And in fact, that's kind of how it still is, but it's fine. Anyway, for a while now, I have drifted away from being a booktube. The main reason is that I just wasn't really reading much at all because I was again, focusing on the writing. But screw it, I'll just say it. Sometimes the community that can come with that content, with booktube content can kind of suck. I know that the community is like one of the biggest selling points for booktube. It's one of the main reasons that people get into it and stay in it. But I'm going to be honest with you guys. I'm going to be completely transparent. I'll give you a peek behind the silk drapes, if you will. Wait, is silk drapes like a, is that a dirty? It sounds, it kind of sounds like a dirty thing.  I've never been directly involved in any of the drama or online warfare because I'm just not really interested in it. I don't want to get involved in that stuff. There's just no point. I've never been involved in it, but seeing it happen, even from the outside, as someone who was in or is in and cares about booktube as a concept, it is really disappointing to see that stuff happen. And to be honest, it's kind of embarrassing. It always seems to happen around the time that booktube is finally like getting some mainstream notice.  I'm obviously not going to refer to like any specific instances, but what I will say is that in most cases, the issue is that there is a topic that is genuinely interesting or important to discuss within booktube. But so quickly and so often that topic will rapidly spiral from being valuable discourse to just straight up passive aggressive sub tweets and hostility. Nothing good ends up coming from the entire debate or event. And booktube as a whole just stands up looking that much more exclusive and unwelcome to new people. I don't really like talking about this stuff because in the grand scheme of things, it's just it's just not that important, really. But if I can summarize what I've been trying to say, I've just become a bit uncomfortable with how many people now try to stick their flag in booktube and say this is mine and this is how it needs to operate. It's just people talking about books, my guy. I mean, can we just can we just do that, please? Anyway, I also blame myself. I'm not completely out of fault here because I shouldn't have forgotten the reason that I started enjoying booktube to begin with. The community was great, sure. But really, it was just that I was talking about books that I liked and I was talking about books I liked with, you know, people in the comments. That's it. It really didn't need to be any deeper than that. Community is great, but that's not the point. So what's my point? Why am I like making this video anyway? The point is that now I have more free time, not much, but a bit. I have been doing a bit more reading and I've actually been enjoying it. So I plan on getting back into making more booktube videos or reading videos along with my writing videos. I'll still be doing them as well. I know that doing the reading and booktube videos generally gives my channel a little bit of a hit, because like I said before, people generally only come here for one of those two things, reading or writing. But it's also content that I like making. So. So that brings me to my next big point. I kind of need your help. This might surprise you based on my last year of uploading. But horror is not my favorite genre. In fact, fantasy is it's close, but fantasy is is just a bit ahead. I wouldn't blame you for not knowing that, though, because I haven't read any fantasy books in a really long time. It's actually been so long that it's to the point where I'm literally struggling to remember if I even liked some of the fantasy books that I reflect back on. I did. I think it was good, mate. I. So here's the thing. I want to start fresh. I want to start completely fresh. I finished my horror novel and I'm nearly done with my horror anthology of short stories. And after that, I'm going to be going back to writing fantasy, which I'm really excited about. So I figure it's time I return. It's time I return to rolling hills and dark caves and dangerous forests and snowy mountain peaks. I want to not only reread some fantasy books or series that I've read in the past, but I also finally want to get to some series that I haven't read yet. So where do you come in? Well, I want you to treat me as a complete fantasy newbie. Here's what I want you to do. I want you to pretend that you've just met me. You're welcome. You've just met me and I've never read a fantasy book in my life. What fantasy book or series would you recommend to me? What fantasy book would you want me to read and make a video about? I have my first fantasy series that I'm going to read picked out, which I'll get to in a moment, but I really want your input as well. What do you think is a quintessential fantasy series or book that every fan should read? Let me know. I'm really excited to make a lot more fantasy content going forward. I'll still do horror videos and other stuff, of course. And I promise there'll still be plenty of writing content, but I just want to rediscover my love for this genre because it's been so long. I honestly feel completely new to it, almost. Now, the first fantasy series that I'll be jumping back in with is perhaps one of the first fantasy series that I actually ever read at all. Whether you're familiar with it or not, when I finish this series, I will be doing a long kind of video essay on it. You might remember a while ago, I was making quite a few video essays on this channel, and that was like my favorite content to make. The only reason I stopped is just because it takes so very long and actually was kind of hurting my channel in the long run because I had less content, even if I feel that that content was better. But anyway, I'll be doing video essays on some of these fantasy books in series that I'll be reading or rereading, exploring like everything, the characters, the stories, the worlds. I'm really excited for that. Anyway, the series that I'll be starting with for my dive back in the fantasy will be Del Torre Quest. Del Torre Quest is a really great fantasy series that I read as a kid that goes through almost all the classic beats of a call to adventure quest story. It just feels like a really great start to get back into it. There's great characters that come together to form an unlikely team of heroes.  I know that's vague, but I said I'll do a long video when I finish. OK, I'm really excited. It's going to be a really great year to emotionally detach myself from real life and get way too invested in fictional characters and worlds, further distancing my sense of self from my actual physical, imperial form. I hope you enjoy and I hope you stick around for all of my future reading and writing related content. I would love to chat with you in the comments or in the chat for my next live stream, because I do a few of those as well. Thanks so much for watching, especially if you watch this far in the video. I appreciate you. I'll see you in the next one. Catch ya.