Hello, in this lecture, we're going to take a look at some transactions related to a merchandising company. The transactions are going to be over here. We're going to record the journal entries in this blue section on this side. We will then post them in kind of a quick posting section to the blue area here so that we can see a quick view of what happens to our accounts when we post them. So what we have here is we have a beginning trial balance, which just has two assets. The assets are debit balance represented by new brackets, and we only have one credit balance represented by brackets. And we can see that the debits minus the credits are zero, meaning that we are in balance. So once we have started with something in balance, we're going to post the journal entries to this column, which will remain in balance. And that will mean that the ending balance will be in balance. We can also see this balancing equation up here with the assets being the green numbers equal the liabilities, the orange numbers, plus the owner's equity, and that is the blue numbers. We also will be recording the subsidiary ledgers. This will be a account that backs up the accounts receivable and the accounts payable, but it does it by both customer in terms of accounts receivable and vendor in terms of accounts payable. We also have the balance sheet over here, which will show us just a quick little balance sheet that will show us the balance sheet format of the balancing equation. Accounting equation being assets equal liabilities plus equity. We can see that broken out in terms of balance sheet. We have the income statement and the statement of equity over here. All right. So the first thing I want to do is I want to hide some of these sales. We're going to need both of these columns of sales to record this entire problem, but I don't want to see these right now. So a little trick in excels. We can hide these at this point and I'll show you how to do that for right now. So put your cursor up here on the letters and I would put it right to you see that arrow dropping down. Not like that, but like that. So right there, left click, hold it down. We're going to highlight over to column K. Let go. That section is now highlighted. I'm going to right click on the highlighted or selected area and hide it. So now we can see that we have a B C D E L M and so there's some hidden cells there. We'll go back and unhide those when we need it. But for now we have this nice side by side format for look at this number first area. We have seven one, which I'm going to type into cell before when we do that note that it has a seven one two thousand fifteen. I'm not wearing about the year right now. We just have seven one. And this is because of the formatting of the cell that it shows seven one and it assumes it's the current year because it's in date format. So we purchased merchandise from company B terms to 15 net 30. So first we can we could talk about those terms. That means that we purchased it on account. And if we pay it within 15 days, we get a 2% discount if we pay it within 30 days. Or we have to pay it within 30 days. That's the normal term. And therefore generally the practices that we're going to report it as if we're not going to take the discount. And then if we pay it within 10 in the 15 day discount period, we will account for that discount at that time. So this is a pretty straightforward journal entry. We don't even need to know this terms yet. We just need to know that we birded we bought it on account. So if we think about it, we can think is cash affected. No, because we bought it on account. Therefore accounts payables affected instead are kind of like our credit card account. But I usually don't like to think about accounts payable first because sometimes it's harder for us to see which way that one should go. So what did we receive? Maybe might be the easier way to get go. We received inventory. We can see that has an asset. We can see that it has a debit balance. And we know it needs to go up. How do we make something go up? We do the same thing to it, which in this case would be another debit. So I'm going to right click on this. I'm going to copy it. I'm going to put it in cell C5 C5. It's right there. I'm going to right click and paste it 123 values only. If I paste it this way, it'll change the cell. I don't want to change the cell. So I'm going to paste it values only 123. They're going to click on D5 and we'll type in the 65. Now we know that we need an equal number of debits and credits. And if there's only two accounts, which there are in this case, then the credit must be a negative 6500 or a credit of 6500. I'm going to make the credits negative. So I'm going to put a negative and I'm just going to point to this cell. And that'll take that number and flip the sign. So we could just type in a negative 65 or do it that way. But we do want to have the brackets around it because when we post it over here, note that we only have one column to post it to. And that's because we're going to represent bracket credits with brackets or as negative numbers as Excel sees it. Why do we do that? Because it greatly reduces the number of columns that we would need over here to three instead of six in order to work with it. So this is a common thing to do worth learning to do because it can save you a lot of time when working problems. All right. So where's that going to go to? It's going to go to accounts payable as we mentioned earlier. So instead of reducing cash, we're going to increase the bad thing, the liability. We're going to copy that. We're going to paste that in cell C six. Once again, right click going to paste it one, two, three, just the values. You could type this in there. That's okay. That's fine. The one place where we do want to make sure that we have formulas is over here because this will really make it easier when you go back and look at things in terms of a longer problem. So I'm going to go to merchandise inventory and cells and cell in seven. I'm just going to say equals. And I'm going to point to this merchandise inventory 65 up here. That's a debit. This is a debit. When I hit enter, it will go up in the debit direction to 11 at five. And then we'll go to accounts payable, which is in cell in eight. We're going to say equals going to point to the credit of 65. And when I hit enter, it's going to go up in the credit direction, put its back in balance, put the account equation back in balance like so. So that we have that. Now we know that this 65 is what we owe to in this case, company B. So I'm also going to post that in our subsidiary ledger over down here and company B. I'm going to say as a seven one, I don't have the date there. No date. We're going to say we have a credit balance equal to and I'm going to point to this 65 up here. So now we have the credit balance. We know who we owe that money to. We know it to this B company. And I also made it orange to match the credit balance and the liabilities accounts over here. So if that just looked funny to you all of a sudden it turned orange. All right. So now we're going to take a look. I'm going to skip a line. We're going to go to the next geometry. It's going to be on seven to seven slash two. And this is the transaction. And it says that we sold merchandise to see company terms to 10 and 60. So now we have the same kind of terms thing down here. Remember that means that we have a 2% discount. If they pay us this time within 10 days, otherwise we give them 60 days because we're a generous company for some reason. And we're going to give them 60 days to pay otherwise. So that will be the term. Once again, we're going to record it as if they did not take the discount that we're going to assume they're not going to pay us within 10 days. If they do then we will then record the difference of transaction and the discount at the time of the payment. So there's two transactions or we like to think of it as two transactions every time we sell something. One, the sales transaction, which is the same as if you're a service company for the most part. And then we deal with the inventory. So if we sold something and we were a service company, what would be the transaction if we sold something on account and we didn't get cash? So is cash affected? No. What did we get? We got an IOU. We got an accounts receivable. So we did the work. Again, this case doing the work means we gave the inventory. They owe us money. Account symbols and assets. And we need to make it go up because people owe us more money. How do we make something go up? We do the same thing to it, which in this case would be a debit. So I'm going to copy this. I'm going to put it in C8, right click and paste it one, two, three, just the values. Again, you could type it in there if you want. I'm going to, I like to copy and paste it so I don't spell things wrong, which happens from time to time. And we could see that we have $1,000, which was the sales price, not the cost. And we're going to have to credit something $1,000. So once again, I'm just thinking about the sales price. Remember, this is what you see on the sticker at the store. So you see the sales price. We don't see the cost. There's going to be two journal entries related to each of those numbers, two journal entries related to sales price, two journal entries related, I mean, not two journal entries, two accounts, one journal entry related to the sales price, and two accounts, one journal entry related to the cost. So then what's going to be the other side? We're going to call that sales in this case. In a service company, we might have called it fees earned. We could have called it revenue, income, whatever. It's in the revenue section. So this is our income account. Income accounts have credit balances. They always go up. We're going to make it go up by doing the same thing to it, which in this case would be another credit. So I'm going to copy that. I'm going to paste it 123 right there. I'm going to post this one first and then work the second journal entry. So I'm going to go over here to N6 and say equals and then point to this 1000. Once I hit enter, the thousand will go up and the debit direction will be out of balance. Then we're going to go down here to sales and we're going to say equals in sell in 11 point to the sales. We have a zero. This is going to go up in the credit direction, put it back in balance, bring net income up. So note what happens to net income. Net income is calculated as revenue minus expenses. This is not a loss. This is a credit balance. Remember, we're showing these brackets, which excel sees as negatives. We're using them to recognize credit balances, meaning that the credits are beating the debits on the income statement, meaning the revenue is beating the expenses at this time by $1000, which is good. So now we're going to record the other side, the cost of the sale. Now, what happens? We know that inventory is what we gave up. So if we look at inventory, we're going to say, well, we had inventory of this. We know we sold some of it. Inventory must be going down. Inventory has a debit balance. How do we make something go down? We do the opposite thing to it, which in this case is a credit. I'm going to skip a line, start the new journal entry, then skip another line to put this on the bottom, to put the credit on the bottom. So I got it on line 12. I'm now in E12. I'm going to say this is a credit negative 542. That comes from this number. And once again, I'm going to put a debit of the same amount. So we know that inventory must be going down. Therefore, we must be debiting something. What are we going to debit? We are going to debit the expense related to us using the inventory in order to help us generate this revenue. The matching principal being cost of good sold. So we're going to debit cost of good sold. It's an expense account. Expense accounts only go up. Expense accounts have debit balances. We're going to make it go up by doing the same thing to it, which in this case is another debit. So I'm going to right click on that. I'm going to paste it 123. So let's post this out now. So I'm going to go to cost of good sold and sell in 13 equals point to this 542. This is going to go up in the debit direction and it will bring net income down. So notice the effect on net income. It went up by sales of 1000 minus the cost of what we sold. So we really only made 458 on the sale. This is what we see on the sticker when we go to the grocery store. We see the sales price. We don't see the cost, the true increase in values, the net of those two. Then the merchandise inventory. Something's in it. So I'm going to double click on it. I see what's in there right now, the 65, which is sell D5. I'm going to hit plus and go to the 542. That's going to bring the inventory down, put us back in balance. There we have it. All right. And then we're going to go to the next transaction. Before we do though, I just want to point out that these two things happen at one time. You notice I used the same date here. If you look at some accounting books, they will put this in one journal entry because it does happen at one time. They'll put the two debits on top, the two credits on the bottom. Just want to represent the fact or let you know the fact that I recommend putting the debits on top and the credits on bottom whenever it's easiest to do that. When, such as in this situation, it would help you to understand the journal entry or to go back and see what is going on, to group them in a different format. That's fine too. So when you're hand building the journal entries, look at it in a different way. That's fine. When you're looking at a journal entry created by the computer or something like that, then you have to be able to visualize it and take it out to a format that would make sense to you. So we're now going to go to 7-3. Next transaction. Pay cash for freight on the purchase of inventory. So we purchased inventory and we had to pay for the freight charges of it. So first we can go to the easy half of that. Once again, is cash effective? That's the first thing I would generally ask. Yeah, we pay cash for freight. Cash has a debit balance. We need to make it go down. How do we make something go down? We do the opposite thing to it, which in this case would be a credit. So I'm going to copy this account. Again, you could just type it. I'm going to go on the bottom from the date because once again, if it's easy for us to do it, I would always have the credits on the bottom. I'm going to right click, paste it 123.  So then we're going to have a debit. If there's only two accounts, the debit's got to be whatever the debit is, the same number I'm going to represent by a negative of this number. Just going to take the 110, flip the sign. You could just type it in there. That's fine too. And then the only question is what should that account be? First thing that pops into your mind is probably freight expense or delivery expense or mail expense, some kind of expense. You see the theme there. But in this case, the freight was for the inventory that we're purchasing. So because it's part of the cost of us retrieving the inventory, that should be in the inventory cost to us. So in this case, we're actually going to increase the inventory cost. Note that the inventory has a debit balance. We're going to increase the cost of the inventory by doing the same thing to it, which in this case would be another debit. So there we have that. Now let's post it. Something's in the inventory and sell in.


Hi, I'm Peter van der Gaag. I'm one of the directors of the foundation set up to support the Global Ecosystem Restoration Community's Movement. I'm currently at Ecosystem Restoration Camp Hadlem on the lava flow of Mount Shasta in California. Together with its founder Jonathan Cabot and my daughter were visiting this place, which was once a lush green forest being further re-wilded, being reclaimed from the clear-cut areas so that more trees would be here. This is all former clear-cut soil, barren, desertifying, because it has not been replanted properly, and then a giant fire hit two years ago and burned everything to the ground, including everything that made the camp, the campsite, the kitchen, trailer, the outhouse, they just evaporated, they just melted because of the extreme heat of this fire. Jonathan right now courageously and pretty much alone is trying to recover this place. Keep building on his dream that this becomes a campsite where people reconnect to wilderness, understand ecology, understand the ecosystems, and help slowly but surely restore this watershed, the natural area that is this watershed, so that the rivers flow clean. There's water and nature thrives, and when nature thrives, agriculture thrives and people thrive. So that vision is still his, but he needs help and he needs money and it's very difficult to get that for him. So I hope this little video helps you think about ecosystem restoration camp, hunt them, find them on our website, see if you can do something to help Jonathan, rebuild his dream, so that people come here to learn about ecology, about fire mitigation, and about life and how natural life reinforces human life. Thanks.


Finansial projections play an important role or two important roles in investments. First, financial projections can be used to calculate valuations, and second, financial projections can be used to calculate how large investment the company needs. Let's take a look at how financial projections are calculated. We need to calculate a couple of different projections. But typically, when we start calculating projections, we do a timeline. So we do this kind of plan, kind of like a project plan, where we envision how the company is going to develop in the near future. What are the activities that the company needs to do at different points? What are the milestones? How long it takes to reach those milestones? And this kind of timeline or a plan for the company development gives us then a baseline or foundations on where to calculate the projections. When we calculate projections, we need to project revenues and costs, and the difference, which is the cash flow. We can estimate revenues, which is the hard part using two main techniques. We have the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Estimating costs typically comes later once we have estimated revenues, and we need to include the cost of goods sold, how much it costs to actually produce the things that we sell, operating expenses, all other expenses related to the operating of the company, like the CO salary if we have one, and then capital expenditures do we have loans that we need to service, and that kind of things. So how do we calculate the sales forecast or revenue forecast, which is more difficult to do? The top-down approach basically takes the assumption that there will be some kind of market that is accessible for us. For example here, there is the market in North America and market in Europe for the workhorse company from Rinnan Helmens book, and we estimate how is that market going to be developing. So what is the total value, what is the total amount of stuff or euros that people or companies use to buy products in these markets? Then we look at margins. So if there is a reseller or some kind of sales channel, we need to subtract the margin of the sales channel. Here it is estimated to be 50%. And then that gives the value of that market for the producers when you take the middleman out. Then we start to think, okay, so how large market share could our company capture? And if this company captures 11% of the US market share and close to 8% of the European market share, that gives us a projection of the revenues. So you start from the top, you consider what is the total size of that market that we could address, and then how large share of that market could we possibly serve for each year. And that gives us the projections. If we serve a constant 10% market share, then the growth of revenues only depends on market growth. If our market share is growing as well, then the growth of revenues is larger than the growth of the markets. So that's the top-down approach. The bottom-up approach takes another perspective. So it takes more a micro perspective on how much we can produce and how much we can sell. For example, you could consider how many new customers we have now, how much the customers are buying now, how many new customers could we attract every year, could we sell more to existing customers. So you're basically looking at the number of products sold and what's the average sales price or net price that you get from the product, and then you multiply those together and that gives you the revenues. This would be on a product basis. So the previous one, the top-down was market by market, the bottom-up is product by product, and it gives you a prediction of total revenues. Quite often you would do both if possible, and then you would compare the projections and make an informed choice what kind of projections you apply. These projections can be used to also determine the financing needs. For example, if you're projecting that their expenses exceed the costs for the first four years of the company or five years of the company, then we know that this amount of losses here needs to be covered by external investment. To know, to check how much investment we need, we calculate the cumulative losses over time, and it gives us a graph like this. So the losses peak at 2003 after which the company turns profitable here, and we basically need something like two and a half million dollars to cover the early losses. So this gives us the total need for financing. So the projections are important for financing deals because they tell you not only how much financing you need, but also they give you a foundation on calculating valuations using the discounted cash flow method.


A very horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hai haio silver! The Lone Ranger! General Mills, makers of Cheerios, the ready-to-eat oat cereal that gives you go power, and Wheaties, the breakfast of champions, present by special recording, The Lone Ranger! Because champions are made not for... Yes, sir! Get on your way! Get on your way! Get on your way with Wheaties! When you have your eyes on the stars, it's good to know champions are made, not born. Take basketball champion Bob Cousy, spectacular forward of the Boston Celtics. When Bob was just a lad of five, he practiced on the family drive, learned to pass, to shoot, to fake, and gave himself this one big break. He ate his Wheaties every flake. Today Bob sparks that Boston team, still eats his Wheaties with fruit and cream. Champion Bob Cousy got together with Wheaties when he was five years old, 20 years ago. It's steady going with Wheaties. There's a whole kernel of wheat in every Wheaties flake. Come on Bob, drive right in there! Hey! Hey! Hey! He's on his way! He's on his way! On his way! Get on your way with Wheaties! Because champions are made not for... Yes, sir! Get on your way! Get on your way! Get on your way with Wheaties! Breakfast of champions! With his faithful Indian companion Tonto, the daring and resourceful mask writer of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoof beats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again! Come on Silver! What's going on? Are you still there? Follow me! The Lone Ranger and Tonto were traveling through the Arrowhead Hills to reach Monument City late one afternoon when suddenly Silver since broke without warning. As the battle slipped on the mighty stallions back, the mask man leaped to the ground. Keep us updated. What happened? The since broke, Tonto. Oh, you tell me, two-day gold since worn? I'm sorry, may not fix it. It's my fault, Tonto. I should have checked it this morning. What matter, Kimusubby? My ankle's hurt. Oh, there are plenty good place and hill to camp, Kimusubby. Maybe we find one near. Make camp for night. That's a good idea, Tonto. I'll be able to doctor my ankle. It's bad. We're not close to the town when since breaks. We'll ride to town in the morning, Tonto. I'd like to see sudden dean. Oh, him Marshall, Monument City. Yes. And him plenty good lawman. One of the finest in the west. Meanwhile, two men who lived in town rode through the hills on their way home. Sudden dean's strict law enforcement made it impossible for Doug Demick and Hayes Morgan to steal enough to support themselves so they had to hunt the food they ate. Dusk was falling as Hayes Morgan looked disgustedly at the only game they've been able to find. One wild turkey and a mighty skinny one at that. Game's getting scarce around here. If it gets any more scarce, we'll starve. We ought to go to work, Hayes. And the only job I could get would be janitor in the express office. Who trusts you with a job there? Rep Martin, the night watchman is a friend of mine. He'd put in a good word for me with a manager. I heard there's $50,000 in paper money in the express office right now. There is. Rep said it'll be sent east on the train leaving town tomorrow morning. If we could get that money... Don't talk sense, Doug. Even if we got it, we wouldn't have a chance in the world of staying free long enough to spend it. I don't know about that. Well, I do. Hey, look, up on the hillside. See that smoke? Yeah, someone's built a campfire. If they're cooking a meal, they might share it with us. There's no harm in asking.  Guiding their horses uphill, Doug and Hayes were still some distance from the camp when Doug signaled a halt. Ho, ho, ho. Why stop here? Hayes, from here, you'll get a good view of that campfire. What about it? Take a good look at the fellas beside it. Ah, hey, one of them's masked. Come on, Hayes, we're getting out of here. Yeah, come on. Though the two riders were too far away to be heard by the masked man or Toto, they guided their horses downhill as quietly as possible. When they reached the main trail to town, Hayes grumbled, You'd better have a good reason for turning your back on a chance at a square meal. I have a $50,000 reason we'll steal that money from the express office and blame the masked man and his Indian pals on the robbery. Ah, you're local. This is our chance to outsmart Marshall Dean. After we steal the money, we'll swear we saw the masked man and his partner right away from the express office. If they're gone when the Marshall comes here to look for him, he'll find the remains of their campfire and keep after them. Ah, no, Rep Martin'll know the truth. Yeah, we'll figure out a way to deal with him. Come on, let's get back to town.  Come on. Shortly after midnight, Rep Martin was dozing in his chair near the partly open express office window when Doug Dimmock and Hayes saw him. At the sight of the sleeping guard, Doug said, Wrap on the window, Hayes. Try to talk him into opening the door. Yeah. You get back out of sight. Right. The tapping on the window startled Rep. He leaped to his feet and grabbed his gun. Then he saw Hayes. How'd you like some coffee, Rep? Oh, will you bring me something to cafe? I've got it right here. Good for you. I'll unlock the door. It's against the rules to unlock the door, Hayes, but on that coffee you'll hit the spot. Get your hands up, Fred. You're covered.  Step back inside and be quick about it. Close the door, Doug, and take his gun. Right.  I got his gun. Good. I'll keep him covered while you use the crowbar we brought with us to open the money chest. A few minutes later, Doug took the money from the chest. Look at it, Hayes. Look. We'll be on easy street for the rest of our lives. Put it in that canvas sack on the table. Yeah. That'll be better than trying to carry this much money in our pockets. As Hayes watched Doug put the currency into the canvas bag, Rep Martin backed slowly toward a peg on the wall that held the express manager's gun belt and holstered gun. When he was within reach of the weapon, he moved to grab it, but Doug saw him. Hayes, he's going for a gun.  You junkhead. Hey, you got him. He was local to go for that gun. Those shots will bring a crown here on the double, Hayes. We've got the cash. Let's go with you. As they hurried from the back door of the office to the alley, Doug and Hayes heard the voices of excited townsmen coming to investigate the gunplay. Realizing they would enter the express office in a moment, the thieves concealed the stolen money beneath a water barrel. Then? We'll come back for the money later. Even so, it looks suspicious. That's being so close to the office. I'll take care of that. How? By knocking you out. Doug brought his gun barrel down hard against his friend's head. As Hayes fell to the ground, Doug quickly rubbed dust over his own clothing and shouted, Help! Help thieves! Killers! Help! When sudden dean and a number of townsmen reached the alley, Doug was trying to rouse Hayes. As soon as he saw the marshal, Doug explained... Marshal Dean, a couple of fellas robbed the express office. They shot Rev Markey. What, Jackson's from the office with Rev? What happened to you two? We saw him come out of the office, Marshal. We tried to stop him, but the masked gent slugged Hayes. His pal knocked me down. Oh, my head. They got away. What hit me? Take it easy, Hayes. Doug, you're no good rattler.  Mask man? We're lucky we didn't stop a couple of bullets. Yeah, yeah, I reckon you're right. Okay, hit him into the office, Doug. You two Hayes. We'll let a question stand. At Doc Jackson's request, Marshal Dean's deputy had already cleared the office of curious townspeople. While Doc knelt beside Rev Martin examining his wounds, Marshal Dean questioned Doug Dimmock and Hayes. They explained that they were heading for the back door of the cafe when they heard the shot. We came this way on the run. Just as we got to the door, the mask man and his engine partner came out. Which way were they heading when they left here? They rode for the trees on the other side of the alley. Before I could get a shot at them, they were out of sight. Yes, they must be heading for Arrowhead Hill. That's the only place around here they can hide. I'll get a posse and ride through the hills to look for them. If you capture them, we'll be able to identify them. Rev Martin will be able to identify them, too. Is he alive, Doug? Yeah, but don't figure on asking him any questions. He's unconscious and likely to stay that way for a while. What about moving him? I'll send for a sketch and have him carried to my place. Good. I'll assign two deputies to stay with him. Why? As soon as he's able to talk, I want them on the hand to get his story. I hope you'll get those crooks. I know the hills like the palm of my hand, Doug. I'll get them. When I do, I hope they try to resist arrest. How come, Margell? Because I'd just as soon kill them with capturing them. We'll continue our lone ranger adventure in just a moment. Jenny is ten and is she good? She'd skip rope champ of the neighborhood. She's so quick because she knows. She's got gold power from Cheerios. Yes, she's got gold power. There she goes. She's feeling her Cheerios. That makes sense. Try Cheerios, the wonderful oat cereal that shaped like a little letter O. And you'll agree. You'll like that delicious toasted oat flavor. And Cheerios is ready to eat. Just pour out a big bowl full. Add good fresh milk, dig in and start getting your gold power.  And those are the good things you need to help build red blood, healthy bodies and strong muscles. So enjoy your breakfast every day with delicious Cheerios and milk and get that good gold power. Then folks will say... She's feeling her Cheerios. Now to continue. As soon as the posse left town, Hayes went to Dr. Jackson's house to seek information about the wounded guard and first aid for his bruised head. Meanwhile, Doug Dimmock hurried to the deserted alley to retrieve the canvas sack they had concealed beneath the rain barrel. Shortly after he returned to his cabin, Hayes and... I got the money, Hayes. What's eating you? My head's aching so bad, I can hardly see. I had to let you have it to make our story about the masked man convincing.  How is he? Unconscious, but Doug said he'll pull through. Why didn't you finish him while you were in the house? I would have, but the Marshal's deputies are watching him so close no one could get away with killing him. He'll talk. One of the bullets brushed the side of Reb's head. Doug said he's unlikely to stay... likely to stay conscious for three, four hours, maybe longer. Hey, in three hours, the eastbound train will pull out of town. Yeah. We'll be on it, Hayes. Marshal Dean will be on our trail. We might as well give up... We might get a 200 or 300-mile star on them before Reb talks. By that time, it'll be too late for him to catch us. Maybe. It's our only chance. Then I reckon we better take it. An hour later in camp in the Arrowhead Hills, the sound of approaching riders wakened the Lone Ranger. The masked man listened for a moment, then tossed aside his blanket and calls... Otto. Uh, me, wake, I'm savvy. Those riders are heading this way. Uh, me not savvy, why them come here? Neither do I, but we'll not risk being taken by surprise. Come on, we'll move back into the trees and watch for them. From their place of concealment, the Lone Ranger and Toto waited until three riders came into view as they drew rain in the moonlit clearing. Toto explained, One fellow, where Lohmann bad? Toto is sudden dean. He must hubby. He was on guns. We'll get those to you. There is no need to come and get us, Marshal Deans. You both come with me. Don't try a fast move. That's no way to greet old friends. Great shot. That's your hand, mister. Got your tide out here with a $50,000. Oh, hello, boys. That's the man's Lone Ranger. That's Lone Ranger. That's Lone Ranger. Maybe he's Fendi's Toto. Thanks for the identification, sudden. Good man. All right. Sorry, we busted into your camp like this, Mr. You must have had a good reason. $50,000 in paper money was stolen from the express office in town tonight. The thieves shot the watchman. Oh, why did you come here? Bimmock and his friend Hayes told us they saw a mask man as an engine and come from the express office after the shooting. If I had known you two were in the hills, I'd have caught them liars on the spot. We made camp this evening to repair a broken cinch. I heard you captured a couple of killers over in Jackson County. We left there two days ago. See, how would you and Toto like to ride back to town with him? Fine. I'd like a chance to question Bimmock and his friend.  Come on, Toto. The saddle's counting soon. Ah. The Lone Ranger, Toto's sudden dean and the two deputies were a short distance from town when one of the men who had been left with rep Martin rode toward them. As soon as he saw the deputy, Marshal Dean signaled a halt. Hey, it's Tom Beach. Tom, what are you doing here? Why didn't you leave rep Martin? Marshal Dean, I've got to talk to you about... Hey, mask man. He's a friend of mine, so speak up. What are you doing here? Red Regain Consciousness. He said Doug Gimmick and Hayes shot him and robbed the express office. Did you get Hayes and Gimmick? That's what I want to tell you. I went to the cabin to arrest him, but they cleared out. They should've expected that. They looked all over town for him. Then just as the eastbound train was pulling out of the station, I saw him climb on the board. Yes, sir. I tried to stop him, but the train was already underway. I didn't have a chance. They got away. With $50,000 in stolen cash. How long ago did the train leave? Pulled out a daybreak, half an hour ago. That means it'll reach Big Bear Pass in about 45 minutes. Yes, that's right. It travels a winding road on account of the hills and mountains. I'll try to stop it at the pass. But you can't get there ahead of the train. I can if I follow the railroad tracks. But by riding across country, I may be able to make it. Come here! Oh, friend of yours, a non-martial dean at Gent's local. If he thinks he'll reach the pass in time to stop the train. If he can do it, do one can, beach. Come on, we're right after him. Hit it fast. About 40 minutes after the train left Monument City, Doug Dimmick leaned back in his seat with a self-satisfied grin. While his partner Hayes Morgan looked out the window anxiously. Sit back and relax, Hayes. I'll feel a lot better when there's a couple of hundred miles between us and Monument City. We've nothing to worry about now. As soon as Webb talks, Marshall Dean will stop looking for us. You'll have to look a long way. This train doesn't stop from the reaches Kansas City. I wish it didn't stop this side of the Canadian border. Sudden dean will be down right while when he finds out we got away with the express money. Doug, look. Out the window. See that rider coming down here? He's angling toward the tracks. He's traveling fast. Doug, he's masked. Sure. See for yourself. It's the same masked man we saw in the Arrowhead Hills. I saw that white horse brown hitched in his camp. You're right. But don't tell me why he's heading for the tracks. If he keeps going as he is, he'll be directly in front of the train when he reaches the tracks. He'll try to stop the train. Doug, maybe he's after us. Maybe he wants to get square with us for framing. It's more likely he's trying to get away from Marshall Dean and a posse. Come on. Bring that carpet bag with the money. Where are you going? We'll climb over the top with a baggage car to the engine tender. The engineer and the fireman had also seen the Lone Ranger. With his hand on the truffle, engineer Fireball Murphy watched the hard-riding masked man. Hey! Hey! As the mighty stallion drew closer to the speeding engine, the young fireman shouted, Murphy, then, I was going to try to stop with a short shooting. Murph, did you hear me? You better get all of the speed you can out of this engine. Won't you? Jack, I've seen that gen somewhere before. The gang of train robbers must be waiting on the tracks ahead. He's signaling us to stop. Don't risk it, Murph. Only last week, the Union Pacific Westbound was stopped by the gang. That's it, Jack. That's what. Now I know who he is. I met him three years ago when I was working for the Union Pacific. Murph, what are you doing? I'm stopping this fireeaser. But you can't, Murph. That's against the crook. Yes, young man. He's the Lone Ranger. Great to take the live. Did you have to stop the sudden? Hold it. Easy, steady, big fella. Hey, there, mister. Fireball and Murphy. Surprised to see me, huh? Glad to see you. Any other engineer would have questioned my math. Easy, steady, big fella. Come aboard. Thanks. I planned to. What's the trouble? I'm looking for two men who boarded the train in Monument City. One's name, Dimmick. The other's Hayes Morgan. We're right here, Mr. Covernale. The occupants of the engine cab turned and saw the outlaw standing in front of the half empty engine tender with guns drawn.  Sir, you're after us, huh? Yes. I want the money you stole from the express office in Monument City. I told you he was after us, Doug. Jump down to the cab and take the mask man's gun case. Right. Doug. What's eating you? Get his gun, Doug. Look, Doug. Dimmick turned and saw Tatl, Sudden Dean, and the posse riding toward the tracks from the hills. But he didn't see the Lone Ranger's lightning fast draw. When he looked back Twin Colts were level to fire. Before Doug could shoot the Lone Ranger's guns roared, Super Bullet smashed the weapons in the outlaw's hands. Doug lost his balance and fell to the floor of the tender. Just like all times. You smashed the guns, Mr. McGonagall. I'll get you you. Fire fast. Move when you stop a bullet. My hands are up. Don't shoot. Raise yours. Do as he says, Doug. We're lit. That's good advice. We're lucky he didn't kill us for framing. All right. All right, I give up. Keep your hands high. Mr. McGonagall, did you get the full catch? They're right here, Sutton. Good work. Come on down here, man. Down to the entrance. Roy, bring the handcuffs. Mr. McGonagall, right here, Marshal. You're both under arrest for stealing the express money. Shoot and rip Martin. If you search the carpet bag Hays was carrying, you may find the money, Marshal. I'll touch it, Marshal D. Go ahead, beach. Down by the bledge, do you, Mr. If you hadn't come here and stopped his train, those cunts would've gotten away. Fireball Murphy deserves the thanks, Sutton. If he hadn't stopped, we wouldn't have captured these men. Oh, don't thank me, Mr. I'm downright glad at the chance to see you again. Marshal D. His carpet bags filled with paper currency. That's what we want, beach. Express office money. Now that you have the money in the prisoners, I don't know, I'll return to camp when we left our gear, Marshal. I hope I'll see you again before you leave these parts. We'll not leave without saying goodbye. Adios, Fireball. Adios. Any time I can help you, Mr. Just let me know. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye.  If I hadn't had any brains, I'd never have gone along with your idea to frame that mask man. You sure picked the wrong man when you tried to frame the Lone Ranger. A copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated is produced by Tendall Campbell Muir Incorporated. A part of the Lone Ranger is played by Brace Beamer. Your announcer, Fred Ford, Listen to the Lone Ranger brought to you by Special Recording Mondays through Fridays at this same time.


According to the UAE employment rule, break during the working hours is it mandatory? Someone asked that question, when we definitely look at break hours or what you call the break hours according to the UAE employment law or according to the Gulf countries, remember it is always mandatory for all workers to get break time or work break hours And in this scenario, let us look at what we call the UAE labor law 2022. What does it say? Remember in the UAE the employee is entitled to what we call breaks in the working hours and if it is required at intervals that break hour or that amount of time for that break should not be less than one hour That is according to the new UAE labor law, that every employee is entitled to break hour which should not be less than one hour according to the law. Remember, still what we need to know that if you work in the UAE according to the labor law that every after five hours a worker or an employee is entitled to a break of one hour or even more of that. According to the time, according to the nature of the work and according to the ship and according to the weather condition that a person is working in, that is according to the UAE labor law. Remember that if it required this intervals may not be less than one hour and agreement more than that for more than a conceptive one hour over break without works meaning that you cannot work a conceptive five hours without a break. According to the UAE, according to the law remember when we are looking at this UAE labor law break hour that an employee is supposed to be entitled to we are looking at an article we are looking at a decree signed in article 18 of the employment law which entitles every worker in the UAE to have what we call break hour or to have break time for rest in one or the other after conceptive working of five hours. Remember that more breaks in case of that sort may be given depending on what you call the nature of the work at the time and depending on what you do and which kind of area that may be doing in that way or on the other. So definitely meaning that as according to the law you are entitled to have a break which is not less than one hour. Remember this also something that we need to when we are talking about the break hours as we are doing our work in the Gulf countries it can be regulated. It is always regulated depending on the nature of shifts or the certain categories of workers that you are doing because remember in some occupations where you will have to need to work for three hours and you have to rest one hour. For example when you look at like you are working in the summer period where it is too much hot that you have to conceptively work in the morning shift then after in the morning you may rest until a given time then you may resume your work after noon time which we are looking at the regulations and it will depend also in the nature of the job that you are doing. For example if you are working in the construction site or if you are working as a security or if you are working as a cleaner you are definitely being regulated on how many hours you are supposed to take as a given shift. But remember as we are talking this is as per the law looking at the decree that was the decree that it gets to article 18 of the labor law in the employment law in the UAE you are entitled to what you call break time for yourself and this should not be less than what you call one hour according to the employment law in Honore. Remember it is there for stated that it is there for someone to ask this question it is there for I have to affirm to you that according to the employment law it is there for mandatory for every employee in the UAE to have a break hour to have a break time or to have a break hour we should not be less than one hour in a shift. If that person is working for more than five hours he should have a break hour every after a consecutive break of five hours he should have rest according to the UAE new labor law. Hope that is answered and hope that is answered remember for any employer in the UAE who does not follow this it is according to what you call the violation of the employment law in the Bado. And if you get to launch a complaint to the Ministry of Humanitization and Immunitization and definitely this is becoming or this one becomes a violation of the bleach of what you call the employment contract or the employment law according to the UAE labor law 2022. Thank you so much for coming back to the channel. Remember I have to always remind you this makes for the next question. If it's your first time to come across this channel please support this channel by subscribing. By the way don't forget to hit that notification button and give it a thumbs up it's always very important. Tell me what you liked about the video in the comment section. I'll always be more than happy to get back to you. Thank you so much see you again in the next video.


All right, folks, we are back here at the end of this week, this Thursday, March 28th. I say the end of this week, of course, Friday, tomorrow. Good Friday, markets are closed, but great to have all this back inside our live trading room here this morning. We have Brian, Andrea, Grant, Brad, had Alex just before. So Kathleen saw it later, so the ladies at the trading room just a moment ago too. And now you could actually see me. Hey, got the webcam up here today. So great to see all of our students back inside our trading room and back on social media, perhaps. That being, always leads to the party on this one. At CybertradingU, for all of a sudden, YouTube, Facebook Live, all of our social media streams, lower left will pop up at CybertradingU. If you're not followed or subscribed to any of our streams or platforms, namely YouTube, that's actually where we host all of our main videos and education there. So just at CybertradingU, be a friend, tell a friend. And with that, folks, we got the phase two class actually beginning today. So continuing along with class week for the month of March, all of our gold, platinum and diamond students here. I see like Michael, Grant, I saw Andrea, I saw Phil, Kevin, John, Kathleen, just a litany of different students, long-time students and gold, platinum, diamond access. And folks, you have the phase two course lined up this morning. We're gonna go a lot further into volume, but actually here this morning, a little quick pop quiz for all of us here inside our live trading room. Doesn't matter what student level you may be. Let me take a little snapshot, a little snapshot live right now. This is live, but what's the spread when you look at this level three for Michael, Grant, all of our students here. What's the spread right there where you look at the bid and the ask? What's the spread in that little snapshot? Larry too, awesome. Get that Larry here, now Wendy, Chris. Two cents, right? All of our students saying two cents in our chat board right now. So that's live, that was just one quick snapshot, but that's what the spread was all throughout the morning here. After the pop, it was coiling up. Honestly, it wasn't looking too strong here during this consolidation, but this is where I'll tell you, like it pays to follow the chat to be active in the chat board, but also to follow just really the moderators, myself, Rich Fausto, all throughout the morning. I'll show you how to like toggle a little option so you could actually just focus on the moderators, but just namely here at 827, I'll get the chat for all of us. You know, Wayne was talking about it, Grant was talking about it. I got a Rich here, just at first made the news post on it. BDRX at 827 started to make a move and Rich post the news there, extending life expectancy against aggressive brain cancers. That sounds like a phenomenal headline there with that in mind. You know, it didn't really make a great squeeze until like 845, 844. I wrote to you all stuff like BDRX moving back above VWAP for now. For now is obviously always full transparency. You know, it's not always perfect where the stock will make the exact move that you'd want to see it make. But basically if I can, I don't even have it on the level four here. So, you know, this was a really good trade once it broke above the VWAP price. That's really what I was focused on on my platform, but VWAP price has moved up since. You could better see it right here on my level four screen, smooth white line. It was right off of 109, 110 and really just took another snip above the level. And even popping up higher now, I got out on this trade a little earlier just to take the money and run. I was just content with doing that to begin my day. Last couple of mornings pre-market, I'd just been sitting on sidelines and this had a pretty good squeeze to it, nice spread, had a good order book at the time. The more this pops up though here, it's gonna thin out. The spread's gonna open up a lot more just, you know, if this decides to squeeze up more here. So, you know, hey, I'm gonna put this on our watch list to begin. I was actually just gonna grab my phone. Got my notepads back. Yeah, Amazon Prime, there we go. BDRX, gonna put that on my notepad here for the open. See if there's anything else looking good though, folks. Again, what I wanna do is go back on a couple of trades that we did have from yesterday. Obviously, if you were here yesterday then you know that this CGC trade was like a gold mine pretty much. So, basically the level that we were all harping on throughout the day it was the Friday closed price from last week, that was at $7.69. And you can just see that right there, March 22nd. We're gonna talk more about that in the phase two class this morning. I did a loop to that at least from class yesterday. So again, Rich, if you wanna even post the link, you know, we're gonna have class later on at 10.35 this morning, but we're gonna post the link now for any of our students. I wanna really just get in the class early. We got a full hour of market open action ahead, but with that in mind, at least the CGC trade, $7.69, break above resistance, flipped into support. It was perfect from there. Obviously from there, kinda squeezed up a little bit higher going into the after hours, into the pre-market early. I'm gonna keep this on our watch list. It's hard for me to not put this on our watch list.  That's down 1% from the close yesterday. So there's a chance it continues to stumble lower. And in that case, then we'll just kinda move on from it. But for now, it's kind of hard for us to ignore the CGC trade because it's still well within our price range. It's very liquid stock still, has a great order book by the time the market will open up. So that's the type of stock you still wanna kind of fixate on. Now a couple other stocks you wanna fixate on too. At the Mara trade from yesterday, that turned into a swing trade for me. So on the lower right, you'll see that for all of our students. That ended up being a swing trade. And I wanted CLSK to also be a swing trade that actually stopped me out before the market closed. But it was the Mara trade here at least, this was a better move across the morning session. It was really off 21 that I got to send from after class. I was on a coaching call for one of our students, Larry here in chat. And it was really 21, 2107, that trio of resistance or support rather. And that ended up holding pretty nicely going into the afternoon. So, hey, Mara with Bitcoin moving up and down again, it's gonna be hard for us to ignore these trades going into the open. CLSK, man, I wanted this to really break over 24. So this had a similar pushes Mara made going into the mid to late morning. But just this end up failing to make the clean breakout from 24. Now I was telling you all in the chat board, like between the last few trading days, 24 is the key level. So it was testing it once, testing it twice, even three times a year and it just failed. So ended up being stopped out going into the afternoon. But Mara trade still looking really nice. CLSK still gonna be on our side list at least for the open. What else did we have? We had more, let me be transparent with you here, at least ACB and other pot stack action pretty nicely with the CGC move. So, you know, if I put CGC on our watch list, it's hard for us to also ignore this one. I'll keep this on our side list though, kind of with the Mara with the CLSK there, all tradable, but let's just go down on the gainer side here coming up, seeing if there's anything looking just even better. You know, an IPIO, of course, we'll talk about coming up in just a bit. All right, AVTX to begin. I don't know what the news is out on this company. It looks like it led to a big pop in the after hours. I got a tiny amount of time here. I'm gonna just pull this up while I can here. Those are the AVTX, Benzinga Pro. Trading hire after the company announced it acquired a phase two ready, not phase two classes coming up, but phase two pharma, we're obviously talking about here. So a bunch of words above my favorite through the acquisition of privately held Elmada bio. All right, well, I'm not gonna try and dig further into that headline, led to a big reaction. Stocks hurry up 302% going into the morning. It was last time, it was around $19, technically, I guess you could say it was back from even the end of last year, not too long ago. There had to have been some sort of reverse stock split since that time, I feel. You know, I just don't feel like a stock really $1,600 or $1,400 a share back at the end of 22 now at mere, you know, dollars at that going into today. So I feel like there had to have been a reverse split factor it in. Also with this news led to a better squeeze up going into the after hours last night. Traded at your discretion, I'd rather follow stocks that I can make a better decision on, you know. Now hey, XLO, this popped right as I was putting the pre-market list out. So this is where ignorance goes against us here because I didn't really check the news on this XLO and the way it's moving now, it leads me to believe it's a buyout. So let's see, Gilead and XLO announced exclusive license agreement, not a buyout. The deal includes $43.5 million up front, up to $604 million in additional contingent payments, a bunch of other stuff going on there too. It's not a buyout. Why is this moving so crappy then? This looks like a buyout, right?  XLO, if it was buyout news then I would not have touched it but it doesn't even seem to be. It looks like a buyout though. All right, Grant saying PIK was nice this morning at 5.83 now, we'll get to that one just a second there. Keep going down our gainers list here for the time being BCG, not really looking too good. That takes us to PIK. You know, it's still looking pretty active here. Had a good move going into eight o'clock afterwards. Spread not horrible for pre-market here, obviously open here and there but not the worst that we've ever seen. You definitely want it to fill in by the time the market opens up. So yeah, I'll add PIK also to our watch list. Doesn't hurt us to do that now. Just keep going down here pretty quick. BDRX, it's a shame to get out a little early but at the end of the day, I think we all realize that we're gonna find better opportunities going into the market open.  So hey, I'm not in this at this point but there's gonna be better trades even for coming up for later on. So you can't really tie yourself up with a motion if you miss out on part of a move or if the stock's still running up without you. Move on. All right, so at least at the time being we move on as we continue to go down on Gainer's list here. IBIO, all right, obviously gotta talk about IBIO. So from yesterday's move, this thing was a royal, pardon my language again, a royal paying the ass here because you don't really expect to see a stock be this choppy when it's looking this good going into the open. Yeah, you had a good pre-market level right off of 279, 280. It was choppy all throughout the morning there. It had a nasty shake at this point here. Finally held above it as support but then again, another nasty shake and it broke lower. So this was, as I would say, through like the spin cycle. You put the laundry through the washer, through the dryer, it's going through the spin cycle. The stock is going through the spin cycle here just choppy up and down.  So I was pretty jaded by the morning I missed out on this trade heading into the mid-afternoon. Again, it is okay to miss out on a mood as long as there's something else moving at least that you can make your money on. And obviously for us yesterday, CGC and MARA, there was a whole bunch of trade. So again, going into the open if you got bit by IPIO yesterday just don't let it be noice to you. Simple as that, who cares? Focus on another stock. I'm gonna put it on our watch list especially just because it's still up percentage wise. It's still gonna have a good order of book by the time the market opens up but we'll see if it's a better trade today than it was yesterday. There's still gonna be some good iceberg levels out there. From Michael, he was asking about Mezzo, M-E-F-O just in chat. I saw that before I was gonna get to all chat at the end but I saw this on the gainer side here number nine and definitely moving on up right now. It's up 22% just with a big pop the last candle there Michael. Yeah, looking pretty interesting. Let's just back to the news here. Newsman Levitin this morning. Let's say Mezzo. It's news from Tuesday. I don't really have any follow up in relation to the company exactly here.  So this is like the last headline back from Tuesday of this week, this morning. Phase three study. So hey, nice pop. It's something that you'd like to see happen off of especially phase three type of pharma news at Mezzo. Good chat from Michael there. Lifetime found another gainers list. Keep going through. See if there's anything else looking good. Current time 9.13. I also wanna make sure that we have enough time to prep up and we're good to go for the open. Hello, OPK. It's not up a whole lot percentage wise. I mean seven and a half percent looks good in terms of that number. But really if this thing shakes down like three pennies it's gonna probably be like 4% and 3%. This stock seems like maybe a bit of a gap fill on the daily chart back from the beginning of this year. But really this company, if you're familiar with it back from 2020, this was a COVID stock, OPK, OPCO health. They, I definitely recall the stock was more in the antibody testing stuff compared to actual vaccine. So I think the vaccine companies were CODX, Vaxxert, INO, Moderna obviously and Pfizer obviously and all that. But like OPK, I remember they were antibody testing and they had a good pop back in March of 2020. Then they ran up again going into June, July. They were fun trade back then. So maybe they can make another run back up today. It's possible. Here we are, it's shaking back down a couple pennies here. Like I was kind of warning you. I'm gonna put this on the side, at least for now. Just a little slope of my blood, that's all. XPEV and now we're kind of dipping below 5%. All right, so if there's anything else looking good on the way up Kathleen, Brad, Leonard, Margaret, all of our students Dominic and Chat right now definitely let me know. AMC, ooh, one more, one more for the news. Just because I'm personally interested in this. I didn't see AMC drop at eight o'clock. Is this like earnings related or what? Let's see. News here, oh, hello, that's a big number. AMC shares trading lower after the company entered an equity distribution agreement to sell shares from time to time with an aggregate offering price of $250 million through an at the market program. So, sounds to me like that's kind of, if they're selling shares then interesting move down. Normally it's like something like a common stock offering of shares or direct offering. You tend to get this drop and then flattening out after. So that's what I thought it may have been, but, you know what, it's hard to borrow. We can't really short it anyway. So I'm gonna pass on it, it's just a little funky to see AMC drop at eight o'clock like that. Didn't know if it was like earnings or what, what not. Rumble stock also from earlier this week has treated us pretty nicely back on Tuesday of this week. Ended up having a big pot, but came back down, moving a little bit lower. We'll keep it on our side list, Rumble, we like it. And I'll tell you, I think that's pretty much, you know, that's pretty much it folks. If there's anything else looking good, up down, left to right, more than 5%. All of us here in chat right now, Jacqueline, Michael, Margaret, Dave, Grant, all of our students here right now. Just type it in the chat board, just let me know. I didn't really have really too many stocks on our side list outside the Mara and the CLSK. We'll keep them on our side list for right now. Nothing really too special about them this morning. So again, we got the phase two class this morning coming up folks at 10.35. So again, we'll, we'll post the link just later on again, just overall prepared for that. But if you want to make sure that you were good to go just with the audio, with the video, let's make sure that you're set there. Scott's saying selling shares, just following up on AMC there. Brian Nezzo, there we go. That was from before DK and G from Lee. Yes, let's take a look at DK and G. How's that doing?  We were alluding to that saying like, you know, whatever news came out yesterday on DraftKings, you know, even if you're not in tune with like the sports world or the degenerate sports gambling world, like I am, I got college basketball tonight. So I've got a couple of bets there too. Make more money in trade, but it's this day, it's always fun. Now it's fun to a lot of people and there was some news that came out this morning, yesterday morning with DraftKings, something about like banning bets relating to college sports, but not even like in general, just like a very specific niche type of bet. It's kind of weird. Like that's a pretty big reaction there for such a small niche type of category there that they're like banning. I didn't think it was a big to do. And I was saying to you in the afternoon session when I found it, I was like, whoa, hey, I didn't even realize DraftKings dropped. This could be a dead cat bounce. That's what I was saying to him. Like I feel like this could be like an overblown reaction to the news. Not up a whole lot this morning, but up 1%. You know, keep it on your side list. You know, it's a good stock to keep in mind, looking for a squeeze today. That's what I think. Just make sure that 45 level holds the support. That's namely what I was also saying in chat yesterday too. IEG from Gran, good stock to keep on your side list, I'd say there, or from Kathleen, pardon me. Brian in on calls under DraftKings. There we go, man, nice. All right, I think that's pretty much it folks. Hey, we've got to make sure that we have enough time to prep up. So we're good to go for the open. Last call here is checking out Benzinga Pro scanner, IVIO, Mezzo, that's pretty much it. AVTX, I think that we talked about, right? That was the crazy one, right? Yeah, the AVTX, we said we'd get back to it. All right, it doesn't hurt us to put this on the quote unquote watch list, but that's where I say this is not the CTU. You must trade the stock watch list, right? Because, hey, even the other day we had DJT on the pre-market watch list when it made that big pot. That doesn't mean it's like a great pre-market trade. It's the stock for you to prep your levels for, at least for pre-market, if not going into the open. But I was seeing a trader like they were down big on DJT and pre-market. Remember folks, you can't set stops in pre-market to begin with, right? So just because it's on the list doesn't mean it's gonna be a great trade. If the order book doesn't fill in, that's gonna be a lot tougher first off. But also then at that point, that could be a trade to focus on for afterwards, for later on when the market does open. Here with this list, a stock like AVTX, well, at least now you can set your stops when the market opens up at least, you know, you can at least have that seat belt on, but still trade small share size. The spread's enormous on this thing. I don't know if it's gonna fill in. So I'll put it towards the bottom of our watch list, but there are better trades, the BDRX, the CGC, and all the other ones that we have on top. So best of luck trading going into the market open folks for all of a sudden social media, Facebook, Lab, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, et cetera. If you have any questions, feel free to shoot me over a quick email. Josh at CTTrading.com is the handle. I always like to post that at the end of the streams here. We go live in the morning and afternoon each and every weekday. Aside from tomorrow, market's closed tomorrow. Keep that in mind. Got good Friday at least. So I'll be back at least on the mic later on this afternoon.


Hey everyone, welcome back to GameDev Academy. I'm Shane and in this video We're going to be taking a look at LODs inside our Unreal Engine 5 Specifically how we can have Unreal Engine 5 create them for us So as you can see here I've got this model of like a cable rail that I brought into work with and if we open that up We can take a look at the triangle count So if we look up here, this is currently costing us 25,000 triangles, which is a bit high for what is essentially just a level prop So we can do some work on that to bring the triangle count down and more importantly to manage that with LOD So at the moment if we look up here LOD auto We only have the option of LOD zero, which means there are no other LODs here So we need to look at what we can do to create some to get us going So here we are in the static mesh editor and on the right hand side of the screen We've got some things related to LOD So I've just closed the Nanite settings because we're not using that and then we're going to go to the LOD picker And if you go to underneath the LOD settings We've got LOD group and this is where we can have Unreal Engine just create some LODs for us Automatically so or automagically So let's go from none and we can change this to whatever we want now I think this is actually going to be a large prop in the level so it might be scaled up quite large You could also try small prop. These all do slightly different things. They're just different presets, but we'll go for large prop Now it's going to give us a warning telling us this is going to overwrite any other LOD settings If you had any that you brought in yourself this would now overwrite them, but I don't so I can just click on yes It'll do a little bit of thinking and now that's done. I can see that my triangle count has gone down to 12,500 which is nice The LOD picker still an auto but now if we click on this we can see that we have 0 1 2 and 3 Different LODs they always start at zero. So this is going to be our nearest or our highest Quality LOD if we click on that that's still the 25,000 that we started with but now we can work our way through to LOD 1 Which is a 12,000 LOD 2 which is costing 6,000 and LOD 3 Which is just 3,000 As you can see as we swap through each one There's not much between them on real engine does a really good job of keeping a good silhouette and having it look nice And what we'll also do is we'll just zoom out and we'll see these change So if we now go back to LOD auto up here, it's telling us that we're on LOD 1 So let's just zoom in a little bit So that's when we are on LOD 0 so when we're right on top of it It's showing us all the triangles. Well, let's just slow my camera speed down and we'll just pull out slowly So that's where the transition between Zero and one takes place and you can hardly see that happening. Let's go out a bit further That's between One and two happening again. There's a little bit here that we can see But very little change and then we zoom out a bit further and that gets us to LOD 3 So that's how we can tell that these are changing what I often do to see how the transitions are going as well So I just change from lit here to wireframe As you zoom in you can actually see the wireframe changing there you can see the extra triangles are kind of popping in And how that affects your mesh There we are. So that's all of them like that. We'll just go back to lit You can if you want choose to have more or fewer LODs So this setting here number of LODs is set to four. That's zero one two and three But let's say that I wanted six I could move that up to six apply changes It'll think about it again There we go And now we can see that we're currently on LOD 3 which appears to be the same But we can go all the way up to four which gives us 1500 triangles and now five which gives us 700 and you can see that this actually looks quite ropey now close But again, let's just go back to auto and we'll see when that LOD kicks in and whether or not we can tell the difference So let's pull out. So we're still on three There's a change to four just happening there I can't really see the difference in that transition Let's see when it changes to five and if we can see that one And this is actually happening at such a distance. It is visible But really only just visible and again, that's kind of the magic of LODs Because these transitions should always happen at a large enough distance that you can't see them happening But what if you're not happy with some of these LODs? So let's say that I'm not happy with this LOD five I think that actually the number of triangles is too low and I'm not happy with it. Well, here's what we do Over here, we can go from LOD auto to LOD five It gives us some of the settings for it and there's this reduction settings here So we can open that up and that's now saying that it's given us 3.125 percent of the original number of triangles that we started with But let's say I want to have four percent So I can just type that number in there and then click on apply changes So that's now going to take us from seven hundred and eighty four triangles Up to one thousand and four and that actually is now a much nicer silhouette than I had previously So that's one thing you can do and you can do that for any of your LOD So if I decide that LOD well, I can't do an LOD zero. I don't think I can anyway Oh, no, I could so I could make LOD zero lower if I wanted to but generally you don't want to do that because that's your original model Um, but let's say the LOD one is too high for me So let's just see what LOD one is. That's 12 000. We don't want 12 000. So we'll go into the reduction settings It's saying 50 percent But I actually want this to be more like 30 percent and then we can just apply that change And then I would probably go through and reduce all the other ones to Make a similar sort of change so that everything is lower than the one before it One other setting that you might want to change. So, um, let me just reduce LOD five right down. So let's bring this down to two percent first So let's just apply that quickly change my mind. Let's try one percent.  Let's try zero point five. Jesus So this should only be about 125 triangles Yeah, there you go. So now this looks very boxy. That's kind of what I was going for So let's just have a look at where this change happens So when it goes back up to four of that won't happen. I'm I should be on a lot or two So we're currently looking at four. Let's just zoom right out And see where this transition takes place and it should now be quite noticeable Do you know what? I think it turns out the unreal engine has really outsmarted me I think it's now changing where this transition happens because I made it smaller Um, which was the point that I wanted to show you anyway, so we'll still go through it So let's say that This transition starts closer in so let's just speed this up a little bit So let's say the transition happens here So we're going to go where it says auto compute lod distances. We'll turn that off And then we're going to change the lod five And let's say so currently we've got the current screen size 0.64 So I'm going to set this to 0.64 here 0.64 And then we'll just apply that change So I've got that wrong. It should be 0.0 64, which is where the current screen size is and then this should now change Based on that distance So now let's go to lod auto And we can now see that transition is happening Too close And this can happen to you and it can become really noticeable So what we do is we work out roughly where we want that transition to take place So let's now zoom out a little bit and say I'm probably not going to be able to tell here 0.03 So now we go back to five And we set this to 0.03 Like so And then we'll go back to auto That's now where the transition is happening. It's much further away and we can't tell once again And as we get closer those lod's work their way back up So let's save that we've now got some lod data There's just one other thing that I want to show you that you can do if you choose to So here's that same asset in our map And you can actually scroll down in your details panel here And there is an lod section when I can find it. Here it is lod And what you can do is force an lod model. So let's say that I want to force lod five Or maybe lod six There you go. That's oh my goodness That's what that one looks like. So you can force it to show one if you want to keep the polygon count low forever We could set that to four or what you can do instead So we'll just put that back to zero Now what was that set to one? No back to zero. There we go. What we can do is override the minimum lod So let's say that we never want this to use lod zero and in fact we want this to always start at lod two What that now does is reduces the quality of that and if we just go to Show advanced and mesh edges. I can show you that changing. So here's what it looks like now And if we change that minimum lod back That's the triangles we started with so we can set that to one and what's good about this is the lod system still works So if we zoom out It should be able to see that that's changing There you go But it won't show anything higher than that lod. Let's now set that back to zero As we get really close up. We can see that it does make that difference And that is everything I have to teach you about lod today So hopefully you found this video useful if you did you know you need to hit that thumbs up button tell youtube about my channel Give the algorithm all those good signals apologies for my recent haters in getting videos out What was happening is I was giving myself projects that were too big that were too daunting And I was not really able to get into them So I think what I need to do just for a while is some smaller scale videos Just get some out there share my knowledge with the world get back into the groove And then hopefully those bigger projects won't seem quite so daunting Anyways, all that's left for me to say is thanks for watching and hopefully I will see you in the next video Which shouldn't be too long. All right. Bye


I'm Ivo and I'm the founder and CEO of Ambier Wallet And I'm going to tell you about the future of Ethereum wallets and Ethereum UX And two technologies are at the core of this and that's smart contract wallets kind of also known as account obstructions and MPC otherwise known as multi-party computation And sometimes referred to as threshold signatures in this case The question is can self custody be the future for the next billion users? How can we onboard the next billion users? And there is a big myth in the space that most people are not ready for self custody But the actual reality is that most self custodial wallets are not ready for the users not the other way around And I'm guessing can I get the show of hands who saw the account obstruction panel yesterday with Vitalik cool. Yeah, so you all know that seed phrases are absolutely terrible and they're an absolutely terrible way of Baking up your private key and we have so many problems in the industry with compromised keys Software wallets being vulnerable to malware and to come to supply chain attacks Which is quite scary like a single npm library can like completely wreck your wallet security And of course, you know, we have social engineering attacks like for example with board dapes and generally all of those things can be solved by multi-factor authentication and on on the chain we call this multi six and Why are multi six kind of a silver bullet? So first of all by having multiple keys Or you you can think of it as multiple shards of a single private key, but it's actually multiple keys You can actually onboard users without making them write down a seed And without worrying that they would lose access to their account So basically a simple example would be to have a key on your laptop and on your phone You can also recover your account with methods like social recovery that urgent pioneered But there's also other ways of recovery. You can also generally do multi-factor authentication Which is way more secure and prevents you from malware and of course you have resistance to hacks and compromised keys For example, we have malware on one of the devices. You will not be that vulnerable so There are two ways to achieve a multi-seg on on an EVM chain one of them is Smart contract wallets and a lot of you have heard about account obstructions and account obstructions are basically a way To pave the way forward for smart contract wallets, but I prefer to call this like smart smart contract wallets I prefer to call all of these technologies smart contract wallets or smart wallets for short And this is basically where each account is a smart contract which allows for any custom execution logic Including multi six of course and then NPC refers to multi-party computation and in the context of wallets It means that it allows you to have like threshold signatures So you can sign by the signature could be by multiple parties or you can do an out of M so like two out of three and Let's start by boosting some myths about smart wallets So one of them is that smart wallets cannot sign messages And I'm sure that many of you have heard that but the reality is that smart wallets can sign messages just fine You just need a bit of custom logic for verification Which is a p1271 Then another one is that smart wallets and I've heard that in the past that they produce different address for each chain So it's kind of tough to use But that's not really true because you have created to now and you can create accounts counter factually The same address on all EVM chains Again, it was mentioned in the panel and then the other one is the gas overhead Gas overhead still exists, but it's gotten a lot less in the last years again. Thanks to Thanks to proxies minimal proxies And thanks to counterfactual deployment Unlike MPC smart wallets can do many more things than just Multi-six they can do time logs. They can do spending limits Again something that was fantastically covered on the panel and this also allows for recovery mechanisms like social recovery and For example, seedless onboarding Like we have on a buyer wallet just with an email and a password while not compromising the non-custodial nature of the wallet It's also mutable Which means that you can change the authentication scheme like you can start with with a seedless onboarding account Where you have an email and a password and then as you become more versed in crypto You can upgrade this to a treasurer or a ledger and you can You can set the treasurer and the ledger to be like the sole owner of the account without changing the address Without having to move funds, which is amazing Then you have gas obstructions which allows which allow you to pay for transactions in stable coins So like if you're a new user onboarding on crypto to crypto You can sign up with an email and a password then fund your account with an onrump And then you would receive us dt and you would be able to swap that for example for it or without having it or for gas And of course you can batch transactions so do multiple things in one transaction again A fantastic example from Argent was the NFT shopping cart But a simple example would be on uniswap when you have an approval the approval would get batched together with with the transaction So you wouldn't have to do it separately and there are more exotic use cases like for example a custom Cryptography like enabling the NIST curve, which would allow using iOS biometrics and web authentication And there are of course some drawbacks of smart wallets and some adoption challenges like you have gas overhead As mentioned previously, it's not so much as people think You just have around one to two thousand gas per transaction And around forty thousand gas for deployment, which is added to your first transaction But the main challenge is Dapp adoption so a lot of dApps either block smart contracts intentionally because they believe that that's not a wallet And it's a some sort of automation That's basically with NFT means and the other thing is many dApps just don't implement smart contract signing But this is quite easy to fix So when would you want to use MPC wallets? So one of the benefits of MPC wallets is off-chain recovery, which is cheaper and easier but not as flexible Then the other thing is they're truly cross-chain, so there's no dependence on smart contracts So for example, you can support Bitcoin or you can support basically any chain that uses elliptic curve signatures There's no gas overhead and there's no Kind of drama with the signatures like signatures just work with any dApp But there are some problems with MPC and one of those is that they require custom cryptography And there are not that many libraries so far and they're not that Well battle tested as normal elliptic curve signature libraries and it's kind of an experimental technology But then the main problem I think is the immutable authentication rules Which basically means that when you create like for example two out of three multi-seg you cannot just swap out one of the Signers you cannot make it like two out of four or you cannot make it like a three out of four It's just immutable once you created that's it which also creates some problems with recovery, right? So you can recover the account once, but then you can change one of the keys so like if you lost the key then it's kind of bad and It's also limited to multi six you don't have time locks So that a lot that limits you a lot as well There's no gas obstructions but that's not in the slide because it's more of a benefit of smart contract wallets and Finally the also a very big thing you cannot use it with a hardware wallet at least not before those hardware wallets implement that of course you can argue that you can pull requests to those hardware wallets, but at the moment you can't and As a conclusion I would say that smart contracts and account obstructions are the way to go That's the future proof way of doing accounts on Ethereum and on other EVM chains on layer tools and etc But multi-party computation can be fantastic for like some temporary use cases before dApps kind of get their stuff together But yeah, definitely smart contract wallets are Way better for the future. So that's it So what are the critiques for the smart contract wallets right now is that in the end? You still need a wallet with a private key to manage it Yeah, yeah, both on thousand multi six So how did I mean any any ideas of how to overcome it? Well, that's completely true But like on a fundamental level we cannot get away from the secret right in any form of Authentication you have some sort of a secret just the great thing about smart contract wallets is that you can manage it And you can make it work not like as a single private key Which is like the source of all authentication and like the one true point of authentication But you can have multiple of those secrets like a regular Like like you have one for example on Google or on Facebook or on the regular like human friendly Authentication scheme so it is a private key But you shouldn't think of it as a private key because you away wallets in there The private key is King is like the single secret number where everything comes from unlike smart contract wallets