Welcome to Learning English, a daily 30-minute program from the Voice of America. I'm Ashley Thompson. And I'm Dan Novak. This program is designed for English learners, so we speak a little slower, and we use words and phrases, especially written for people learning English. Coming up on the program, Gregory Stockle has a story on the MTV Music Awards where Taylor Swift took home the top prize. Brian Lin has this week's technology report on the environmental impacts of AI development. Later Andrew Smith and Jill Robbins present the English lesson of the day. But first, here is Gregory Stockle. Taylor Swift took home the top prize at the 2023 MTV Video Music Awards, or VMA, for her anti-hero music video. The Music Network's yearly awards show took place at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey. This is unbelievable, the fact that this is a fan-voted award means so much to me, Swift said in her acceptance speech. I can't believe it was a year ago that I announced the Midnight's album. The night's first presenters were from the Male Musical Act in sync. They reunited to hand the Best Pop Video Award to Swift. Swift received the most nominations of any performer. Swift later returned to the stage to receive the Song of the Year Award for anti-hero and also the Best Direction Award. The performer received nine awards in total. Those included Artist of the Year and a group of nominees made up of women for the first time on the VMA show. Ice Spice, who worked with Swift on Karma Remix, won Best New Artist. New Music filled the show with songs from Nicki Minaj, who was also the host. Minaj performed the new song Last Time I Saw You. She then performed a piece from her upcoming Pink Friday II album. The award show centered on showing music's international power. K-pop or Korean pop, boy group Tomorrow X Together and Brazilian artist Anita introduced a new song together back for more. Another K-pop group, Stray Kids, performed the song S Class. Mexican singer Peso Pluma performed a song called Lady Gaga and Colombian singer Carol G sang Okidoki and another song Ta Ok Remix. Tiffany Haddish presented the award for Best Afro Beats, a new award group. Afro Beats is music with influences from Africa and Black American culture. Reima and Selena Gomez won the award for the popular song Calm Down. Africa in the House, Reima said in his acceptance speech. Gomez said, I want to send all of my love to Nigeria, thank you. Colombian star Shakira received the Video Vanguard Award and performed a mix of her popular songs. MTV, thank you for being such a big part of my career since I was only 18 years old, Shakira said. She also thanked her parents and her children, who she brought to the show. This is for you, my people, my Latin American people, inside and outside this country, she said in the Spanish language. Diddy received the Global Icon Award from Mary J. Blige and his daughter Chance Combs. He is the third act to receive the award after the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2022 and the Foo Fighters in 2021. The artist also performed at the VMAs for the first time since 2005. The performance was a collection of some of his most popular songs like Bad Boy for Life and Mo Money Mo Problems. Lil Wayne opened the show with the performance of his new single Cat Food. Olivia Rodrigo then brought her Vampire music video to the stage before performing Get Him Back. Later, Anita would win the Best Latin Award for the second year. In her acceptance speech, she laughed, saying, I want to thank myself, and she added, because I work so hard. French Montana, a performer who presented an award, brought attention to an effort to provide aid to victims of the Morocco earthquake. The performer grew up in Morocco. The VMA show ended with a celebration of 50 years of the musical form Hip Hop. It included Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, LL Cool J, and DMC of Run DMC. I'm Gregory Stockle. Researchers say the methods used to create artificial intelligence, AI systems, require large amounts of water. As a result, people are calling on AI developers to reduce their water usage and take more responsibility for the environmental resources they use. The Associated Press recently reported on water usage by American-based Open AI, the company that launched the ChatGPT AI tool. ChatGPT is a so-called chatbot designed to interact smoothly with humans and perform high-level writing. Such tools are also known as generative AI or large language models. The development and training methods used to create large language models require powerful computing systems. This process uses a lot of electricity and produces a lot of heat. Data center operators pump in water to keep equipment cool. Open AI, which is backed by software maker Microsoft, operates a series of data centers in West Des Moines, Iowa. The city in the central part of the state is home to about 68,000 people. They're building them as fast as they can, said Steve Gair, who served as the city's mayor when Microsoft first arrived. He said the software maker was attracted to the city because of its efforts to improve public projects. The former official also said Microsoft provided a huge amount of money in taxes in support of the efforts. But, Gair said of the company, they were pretty secretive on what they're doing out there. In 2020, Microsoft said it was developing one of the world's most powerful supercomputers for Open AI. At the time, it did not name the Iowa City as home to the project. Microsoft described the effort as a single system with a huge number of semiconductors and processors to support AI workloads. In late May, Microsoft President Brad Smith made his first public comment about the company's new AI super computing data center in West Des Moines. He noted the center was built to support development efforts for the chat GPT system. Water is taken from the nearby raccoon and Des Moines rivers to cool down the Microsoft Open AI computing equipment, the AP reports. In its latest environmental report, Microsoft said its worldwide water usage rose 34% from 2021 to 2022 to almost 1.7 billion gallons. Industry experts have suggested the large increase was directly linked to the company's AI research. It's fair to say the majority of the growth is due to AI, said Xiaolei Ren. He is a researcher at the University of California Riverside, who has been studying the environmental effects of AI products such as chat GPT. In a paper set to be published later this year, Ren's team estimates chat GPT takes up 500 milliliters of water each time someone asks the tool a series of between 5 and 50 questions. The estimate also includes indirect usage companies generally do not measure. This includes water used to cool power plants that supply the data centers with electricity. Most people are not aware of the resource usage underlying chat GPT, Ren said. If you're not aware of the resource usage, then there's no way that we can help conserve the resources. Ren noted that Google reported a 20% growth in water usage during the same period. He believes that growth is largely linked to the American-based search engine company's AI development work. Microsoft said in a recent statement to the AP that it is investing in research to measure the environmental effects of AI activities. The company promised to work on ways to make large systems more efficient in both training and application. In its own statement, OpenAI said it had given considerable thought to the best use of computing power. We recognize training large models can be energy and water intensive, it said. A West Des Moines government document from 2022 says the city will only consider future data center projects from Microsoft if those projects can demonstrate and implement technology to significantly reduce water usage from current levels. I'm Brian Lin. Now, Brian Lin is here to talk more about his technology report. Thanks for joining me, Brian. Of course, Dan, thanks for having me. This week's report dealt with how increased AI development is affecting a valuable natural resource, water. We learned that powerful computing systems used to build and train AI tools generate a lot of heat, so water is needed to cool them. How have technology companies reacted so far to calls for them to take steps to limit their water usage? So, so far there hasn't been a lot of attention paid to the direct link between AI development and water resource usage, and therefore not a lot of AI developers have been speaking out, but ChatGBT creator OpenAI and the company that backs it, Microsoft, both recently issued statements on the issue and those statements centered on ways they plan to make the technology, equipment, and processes they use more efficient. They argue that if those systems can be improved and made more effective, the need for water cooling will not be as great. And one proposed way to improve those processes is to carefully choose where AI developers set up their data centers in the first place, correct? Yes, so industry experts have pointed out that it makes sense for AI companies to set up development operations in places with a milder climate. This is because the cooling systems would be more effective in places that can use outside air, for example, in the process as well, not just water. In some very hot areas, it takes a lot more electricity and water throughout the whole year really to operate the computers used to build and train these AI systems. Interesting. Thanks again for being here, Brian. You're welcome. Name is Anna Matteo. And my name is Jill Robbins. And I'm Andrew Smith. You're listening to the Learning English podcast. Welcome to the part of the show where we help you do more with our series, Let's Learn English. The series shows Anna Matteo in her work and life in Washington, DC. Anna has recently moved to Washington, DC. It is a new experience for her. She is excited to live in the capital of the United States, but she also misses her hometown and family who live many hours away. Let's hear Anna talk about that with her friend, Marcia, in lesson 12 of Let's Learn English. Listen carefully for the expression Anna uses for the feeling of missing home. Washington, DC has many beautiful parks. In fact, this park reminds me of my home very far away. Anna, here's your coffee. Thanks, Marcia. What's wrong? I'm thinking about my family. I'm feeling homesick. Ah, yes, feeling homesick. I've had that feeling a few times in my life. It's a feeling that can sometimes be difficult. I agree. I think feeling homesick is more than just missing your home and family a little bit. It's something that hits you much more strongly. That's right. I think a good word to describe it is yearning.  A yearning is a noun and means a strong desire for something often for something that you can't reach. And the verb form of this word is to yearn for. And another word that means the same thing is longing. We can say we have a longing for something we strongly desire, but that we can't have or can't reach. And the verb form of this word is to long for. So if you long for home, it means you missed it a lot. And that's feeling homesick. Have you ever felt homesick, Jill? Yeah, one summer I was working in China in Chengdu. I was getting kind of homesick and while I was walking around the city, I ran into this cute little cafe that was just like an American coffee shop. I ordered a drink and sat down and saw they were even playing American videos on their TV. I started talking with the owner and I felt much less homesick. It was like a little bit of the US in the middle of Chengdu. Yeah, well, that makes sense. I think when you get to see something familiar with your own home culture, that will help you feel less homesick. And you know, it's also interesting that even a positive thing like the parks in Washington DC can make Anna homesick. That's because they remind her of home. Let's listen to Anna say that one more time. Hello. Washington DC has many beautiful parks. In fact, this park reminds me of my home very far away. Jill, remind me to tell our listeners what podcast they are listening to. Okay, I'll remind you now. Andrew, remember to tell our listeners what podcast they're listening to. You're listening to the Learning English podcast. I'm Andrew Smith. And I'm Jill Robbins. In English, we remind someone to do something. But a thing can remind us of something else. That's right. People learning English need to remember to include the preposition of. So the order of words to follow is remind plus the person plus the preposition of. Like remind him of. Remind her of. Remind them of. Or remind Anna of. Remind Jill of. Remind someone of. That's right. The word also has a noun form. For that, we say a reminder. A reminder is something we use to help us remember. Like reminders on your phone. Right. I have to put everything on my phone to remember it nowadays. My phone is my memory. So you would be really lost if you lost your phone. No, I think I take a vacation. Well, also a reminder can simply be something we see or experience that makes us remember or think about something. And if it's a very negative reminder, we have a special expression. We say a sober reminder of something. Can you give an example, Andrew? Uh, sure. When we see a bad car accident, that is a sober reminder of how dangerous it can be to drive. In this case, the word sober means serious and causing worry. So Jill, coming back to the topic of feeling homesick, do you have any advice for how people can deal with it? I think if people keep themselves busy and get involved with people in their new place, they will usually feel less homesick. You'll probably find that the people are just as nice there as the people back home. And the good thing about homesickness is that it usually doesn't last too long. After a while, it wears off. That's true. It does wear off, which means it disappears after a certain amount of time. I remember that once I felt really homesick for just a few hours, but then only a day or two later, the feeling was mostly gone. Yeah, sometimes homesickness can wear off quickly. However, if someone continues to yearn for home or long for home for a long time, we could say they have chronic homesickness. Ah, yeah. Chronic, spelled C-H-R-O-N-I-C. Describe something that lasts for a very long time and keeps happening again and again. In that case, it doesn't wear off. I'm Andrew Smith and you're listening to the Learning English podcast. Jill, we should explain to our listeners that the phrasal verb wear off can be used for both physical objects and for what we feel inside. Oh yeah. For example, the paint on a car can slowly wear off over many years, especially if it has been sitting in the sun. But the phrasal verb wear off is used more for things like feelings or for the effects of food or medicine. Like the effect of a drug wears off over time. And the best cure for homesickness is to visit home. And depending on your family, you just might be happy to travel again afterwards. We do love our families. And when Anna talked about feeling homesick, she shared photos of her family with Marcia. Several times, Marcia asked Anna to explain a bit about what her family members do. Let's listen. This is my mother and this is my father. They are rodeo clowns. What do rodeo clowns do? They make jokes at a rodeo. People laugh. That's very different. Who is that woman in the picture? That is my aunt Lavender.  She loves gardening and makes spoons. She makes spoons? Of course. That, too, is very different. Oh, this is my uncle John. He is my father's brother. What does Uncle John do? He's a chicken farmer and makes guitars. He's awesome. And I'm his favorite niece. Who are they? They are my cousins. They are my uncle John's daughter and son. What do they do? They raise sheep and make sweaters. That's some family she has there. In American culture, asking about what kind of work people do is very common. At a social gathering, when Americans first meet a new person, often one of the first questions they ask is, what do you do? Or what kind of work do you do? That's right. Sometimes Americans will talk about their job first and then talk about where they are from or about their family. I guess Americans really like their jobs. Ha. Well, maybe. Or maybe they just like talking about them. For some reason, it's just one of the first things Americans usually talk about when they meet new people. That sounds like something a cultural anthropologist could tell us more about. Yeah, I think so, because anthropologists study human culture. Hmm. That gives me an idea for a guest we could invite to our podcast. I was just thinking the same thing. But even if we can't find a cultural anthropologist, there are still a lot of things our listeners can learn about American language and culture in the series, Let's Learn English. That's right. And we hope you've enjoyed today's lesson on the Learning English podcast. I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm Andrew Smith. And that's our program for today. Join us again tomorrow to keep learning English through stories from around the world. I'm Ashley Thompson. And I'm Dan Novak.


Greetings students! Welcome to this tour of your online course Popular Culture in the US. This video is just to kind of introduce you to the Blackboard Environment and this particular course where all the different information is for you to partake of. So when you come into the course you come on to this home page and this is our landing page. It has the various information that will be informed by different events within the course. So for instance if you look at your to-do list you start to see what are things that are due this week, the things to do in the future. You get to see alerts, things that are past due. So it's a nice pulse of where you are in the course and what kind of changes have happened since the last time you were here. One of the big ones is my announcements and this is where you want to check out regularly because I will be posting announcements regularly and you'll want to be able to be most up-to-date with whatever changes or new things are coming into the course. You can also find announcements over here on the left hand side and this left hand side really is your navigation through the course. Next would be calendar and the calendar is a really great feature. If you come in it gives you a really good view of what's going on in the course. If you notice red is your color and or red may not be your color. Your color will be randomly assigned but as you can see you know it indicates what are the different deadlines for the modules that we have in the course and so this is January. If I wanted to go to February again it gives me those different deadlines I can anticipate and keep an eye out for. I also if I wanted to take this calendar and to sync it with my personal calendar such as my Gmail calendar or my iPhone calendar right down here is this link. You get this as external link and you can actually sync it in so that these deadlines will show up on your personal calendar. Along the left here we also have course information and this is where you're going to find all of the guidelines. It's where you'll find the syllabus, information about the course navigation, really all of the different information that you need to know in order to properly run through and complete this course. Learning modules is of course where all the learning takes place. They're set up weekly so we'll have the name of the module and then we will have you know what that date is that that module covers. When you go into a module you have a pretty clear inconsistent breakdown. You have the topics and objectives, the learning guide, the activities and the assignments, the learning materials. So each week you'll have different learning materials that's going to include articles, that's going to include links, that's going to include videos. So you really want to make sure that you properly go through those materials each week. Every week we have a discussion. In different weeks we'll have either, we'll have bigger, larger assignments that are part of a larger picture of things we're looking to complete and then we'll have the open form that is a place for discussion beyond what the specific or just a weekly discussion asks you to perform. The discussions area is obviously a place where all the discussions take place and you can see them listed here and each one will give you the prompt and what to expect and all of that. About the instructor, if you want to learn a little bit more about me you can always click on that and find out about me. The questions form is of course a place for you to ask questions and I encourage you to please please please ask any and all questions. I don't know that you're having trouble so if you are and you need to ask something please post. You certainly can email me but if it's something in terms of you know something you don't understand that's related to the course at large like where's this piece of information or how does this work that's a great place to go. My grades is obviously where you will go to get your grades and it's set up really well here in Blackboard. You have, you can have all of your assignments that are listed and then see which ones have been graded. You can click on the ones that have just been graded. Any ones that are upcoming and any that have been submitted. You can also over here on the right you can reorder these by different options and then additional resources. This is a really great place. It is filled with lots and lots of documentaries on popular culture or related to popular culture. The only thing that I warn you is that you will need your North Shore library card activated in order to access them. They are available on films on demand and so therefore you need your access code for that. So that is the tour of the course. If you have any questions please let me know and I will see you in the course. Thank you.


Welcome to the session. In this session we will learn about the quadratic formula. Consider the quadratic equation ax square plus bx plus c equal to 0 when a is not equal to 0. Then the roots of this quadratic equation are given by minus b plus minus under root b square minus 4ac upon 2a where we have b square minus 4ac is greater than equal to 0. This formula for finding the roots of the equation is called the quadratic formula. Like if you consider the quadratic equation this here we have a is equal to 2, v is equal to 1 and c is equal to minus 6. Now let's find out what is b square minus 4ac. Now this is greater than equal to 0 so the roots of this equation are given by minus b plus minus under root b square minus 4ac upon 2a and this is equal to minus 1 plus minus 7 upon 4 that is we get two roots so these are the two roots of the equation. Now we shall discuss about the nature of roots. Again we consider the quadratic equation ax square plus bx plus c equal to 0 where a is not equal to 0. Now let's see what is the discriminant of the equation. Let it be denoted by d this is equal to b square minus 4ac. This discriminant help us determine whether the quadratic equation has real roots or not. If we have that the discriminant d that is b square minus 4ac is greater than 0 then the quadratic equation will have two distinct real roots which are given by minus b plus minus under root b square minus 4ac upon 2a. Now for this equation let's try and find out what is b square minus 4ac. This comes out to be equal to 12 which is greater than 0 so this equation has two distinct real roots which are given by minus b plus minus under root b square minus 4ac upon 2a. So these are the two roots of this quadratic equation where we get the discriminant is greater than 0. When we have the discriminant b square minus 4ac is equal to 0 then the quadratic equation would have two equal real roots which are given by minus b by 2a that is both the roots would be minus b by 2a. Consider this equation here we should find out what is b square minus 4ac. This comes out to be equal to 0. So we say that this quadratic equation has two equal real roots which are given by minus b by 2a that is the two roots are equal. Next we have if the discriminant b square minus 4ac is less than 0 then the quadratic equation will have no real roots. For the equation this we find out what is b square minus 4ac this is less than 0. So this quadratic equation would have no real roots. So this shows that when we are given a quadratic equation if we find out the discriminant of that equation we can easily make out if that equation would have real roots or not. So this completes the session hope you understood the quadratic formula and the nature of the roots.


With Mill's theory, he has to choose between one or five. The death of one person is indeed a terrible thing. The death of five people is even worse.  And that is worse than the death of one person. So yes, Mill would indeed sneak in, mess with the machines, and kill the one so that the organs can be transplanted to the other five and save their lives. On consequentialist grounds, this has got to be the answer. So here's the question. Do you agree?


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here's about several different topics in this video here again today talking about Scream 6 talking about Halloween ends talking about Joker 2 and talking about Jeepers Creepers reborn So just to kick it off with Halloween ends Nick Castle shared a tweet out a few days ago of himself recording eight or doing ADR work for Halloween ends What I assume is him breathing as Michael Myers sharing his deep breaths for the shape that we know the That Michael Myers likes to do with that mask on when we see him from his PO POV shot especially And we already know that Nick Castle is not going to be the one making up a majority of the role as Michael Myers It's time around. He's just been participating in the trilogy making these small cameo appearances We know the gentleman that you see here on your left James Jude Courtney will once again be back as our titular shaped character Michael Myers so When it comes to what Nick Castle has also stated Nick Castle has also stated that we should expect another cameo in this movie of him I'm assuming outside of the costume of Michael Myers But he still will be lending his voice for some deep breathing for the shape But I'm gonna guess that maybe we'll see him appear as some random bum Hobo potentially or some random hat and feel character one or the other not that the hobo can't be a hat and feel Character, but you get me the other thing that we need to talk about is some people are picking up on a date that They think we might get a first look or first listen to the soundtrack John Corpeter has ready for halloween ends August 17th was apparently the day we got a first listen to the halloween kills soundtrack So a lot of people are gonna theorize and think that that means that maybe this Friday this week We'll get to hear a first track from the soundtrack of halloween ends because we know John Carpenter has made it clear indicated that the score is ready So hopefully we'll get to hear something from that sooner rather than later because the movie is supposed to come out in October it's supposed to be the final saga between Laurie Strode and Michael Myers as we know it and this should be Jamie Lee Curtis's last portrayal as the character of Laurie Strode Jumping into scream 6 we need to talk about Courtney Cox Courtney Cox has announced on her Instagram page today that she has officially wrapped filming for scream 6 as Gail Weather's out in Montreal She made this announcement again via short video on her Instagram page with her sitting down Announcing it and then trying to watch some TV before her TV was taken over with her Like security camera footage of ghostface popping up kind of like in reference to what was going on when she was at the Stabbathon in scream 4 but she basically expressed how thankful she is not thankful But that she's excited to have that behind her She's done and we should all look forward to what we have to get from Gail Weather's in scream 6 some people will think that oh, she's finished before filming rap That means she's dying doesn't mean that at all considering that she arrived What like a month ago on set after they started filming a month prior In June she arrived in July Like shortly after the 4th of July So just because she's done and they maybe not be completely done shooting the movie doesn't mean that she's gonna have a small role It doesn't mean she's going to die. I will also point this out She could stay there from start to finish point a to point B She could have been there from June to now and that doesn't mean she's just making out of the movie alive She could be there from start to finish and die just because she was here and she's finished before they're done rapping Doesn't mean that she's dying But hopefully when we get scream 6 Gail does have a pretty significant role Hopefully she has a lot to do with the resolution related to ghost face Hopefully we can dig into a little bit more of her life as a New Yorker since we know she's living in New York That's where her and Dewey broke up She has a she has a show that she's a whole stuff and just dive into her New York life Because we already know we should probably expect not confirmed that we maybe will see her house and see her life situation in New York So Gail I would assume is gonna have a pretty significant role with Sydney not being as important this time around once again So jumping into Jeepers Creepers reborn Jeepers Creepers reborn So many people still think that this movie is a complete reboot completely no connection to the first two movies I want everybody to look at the top of this screen and look at what that is It's a little blurry, but that is the post-puncher that I know I've made a video telling you They recreate it for the production of this movie here You see the creeper crawling out of what is their depiction or recreation of the Taggart barn and then the creeper will go on to stalk Chase and Lane and their friends at the horror hound event and Again, you can see that this is clearly the creeper crawling out of that barn Just because it's not starting up maybe with Ray Weiser's character of Jack Taggart And it's not giving you the connections that you hoped it would and just because I know that they've come out and they've said that This is like a retelling in their eyes and not really having a lot to do with what has come before It's still in a way does have a lot to do with it in only in the sense that they're acknowledging that those movies happened And they're just gonna rock with their own iteration from now on going forward So as you saw here in that last image that was clearly the post-puncher which belonged to Jack Taggart And the creeper will awaken in that barn He will escape and he'll go on to stalk Chase and Lane at the horror hound event later in the movie There's also been this 30-second clip the fathom events has put out as well that kind of shows Some new bits of the movie one that looks like Chase battling the creeper The other one looks like chase acknowledging the existence of the creeper legend talking to someone at the event and I think some other bit of the creeper grabbing someone up one of the victims that I guess the creeper will have Just a short new 30-second clip put out by fathom events if you already got your tickets Let me know down in the comment section below and I'll leave a link to this footage of this 30-second clip I'm talking about as well in the description for you guys to see but we're gonna finish this off once again with Joker to Joker folly I do variety put out something from an insider that's saying that Both Joaquin Phoenix and director top fillers are believed to be getting 20 million paydays and new cost our Lady Gaga is getting 10 million so those salaries combined with the cost of producing complicated musical sequence Sequences that I guess are gonna happen in Joker 2 and they said it's more like a star is born Means that the sequel will cost roughly a hundred fifty million to produce So what them saying that this musical aspect of it is going to be like a stars born more so than in the heights That gets me excited only because that then tells me we should expect something that again I guess is not in the same vein as grease or you know Something else that's again like an in the heights It's gonna be more so like a stars born So that means that you'll have moments where the music might just be woven into The natural progression of the storyline without constantly being portrayed as this Musical and musical only like I said before I could see the characters like how zizi Put out her comments or zazi put out her comments about it Using the dancing and the musical numbers to express the emotions and all this turmoil going on within these characters I've already talked about how Harley Quinn lady gaga's iteration of Harley Quinn could be imagining herself with Joker Fantasizing about it or maybe she just burst out in song with him at the end of the movie when she helps him escape That could be the final sequence we get Let me know what you guys think about all this down in the comment section below if you have an array Of course, make sure you subscribe turn on post notification. You never miss a video in the description I'll have links to all my social media accounts on my facebook twitter instagram You can message me there of course limiters any movies news or reviews You would like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


Cumberland Mountain, a vital link in the Appalachian chain. Slowly, the ridge softens into muted shades of gold and bronze, then suddenly descends into its place in history. A Cumberland Gap, a fog grows in like a misty souvenir of its stories past.  There were many peoples from many cultures. They brought love and laughter along with their sorrows and griefs. But most of all, they brought hope, a blazing, joyous hope in the future. Scores of people have been drawn through this green chasm. Then, like the fog, they have drifted away into the mist of time. At one time, the pathway through the mountains was unknown to all but the buffalo and elk. Skilled Indian hunters made the first human mark on the virgin land. For these first people, the search was for food. The unexplored grounds of Kentucky became their hunting ground. For the Indians, the gap was also the key pass for the trail of trade and war that led from the Ohio to the Potomac, the great warrior's path. This land of caves and flowers remained relatively unknown until the spring of 1750. It was then that Dr. Thomas Walker and his party came to survey and explore, though he did not cross through into the blue grass country. Dr. Walker's studies enabled others to chart a map of the area as early as 1754. Yet, the movement west was still not begun. The French and Indian War would delay it for another ten years. It was the long hunters who would start the Exodus west. They found a land so abundant it surpassed their wildest dreams as word spread, larger and larger hunting parties arrived. Yet, it is the name Daniel Boone that shall always ring loudest throughout Cumberland Gap. This slender, middle-aged, and until then rather unremarkable man would carve his name into the history of the westward movement. By 1775, Daniel Boone had led a party of 30 axmen who blazed a 208-mile trail from Virginia to Kentucky through the Cumberland Gap. The trail to the west was open. Chief land for sale in Kentucky, 2,000 acres. Would you say that well? That sounds real good. Spurred on by thoughts of fertile fields and boundless game, the pioneers prepared for their journey through the Cumberland Gap. They flocked to the trail, equipped with hopes and dreams and little else. Not even the fear of Indians nor the known hardships could deter these people with a dream and dream of opportunity and freedom. They were farmers and merchants, preachers and thieves. But mostly, they were ordinary people striving for a dream of ordinary proportions. Most endured the hardships of winter travel, endured by the dream of spring planting in the new land.  They headed westward. There they would prosper or perish. And they did both. They came on foot and horseback. They braved not only physical discomfort, but the constant fear of Indian attacks. Attacks which began during the American Revolution when the British enlisted the Indians to restrain the pioneers. Even then, they picked up the pieces and continued on their way to the fabled land of milk and honey. For nearly a century, thousands of settlers passed through the Gap and staked claims deep into the western lands. The Old Wilderness Road became a major transportation artery, one that would be disrupted by war, a civil war. The Cumberland Gap suddenly took on new prominence. The Old Wilderness Road cut the south in half. The Gap must be secured. The south first garrison Cumberland Mountain and prepared for a northern invasion. Readyed for battle, they waited, but nothing happened. The difficulty of moving supplies the long distance up the mountain finally forced the south to evacuate. The north then took control. They too awaited a battle which never came. In time, the same supply problems which plagued the south forced the north to abandon the mountain. In less than three years, Cumberland Mountain and Gap changed hands four times. The south's fear of an invasion through the Gap was never realized. Cumberland Gap escaped the war without a major conflict. The story of Cumberland Gap has been longer than history records. It is a story of tremendous earth forces which carved a natural pass through the mountains. It has always been and still remains a valuable transportation artery which links the east and west. It is a story of flora and fauna, but mostly it is a story of people. Anybody coming my way, you know me. I'm a highway, I'm the Cumberland Gap. I'm not a simple story of a manhunt for glory. I'm the Cumberland Gap. Princes and paupers, I've seen them all. Little men growing big, I've seen big men fall. They call me the way west, but I believe I'm more to mankind than a hole through the mountain.  I'm the Cumberland Gap. I'm a restless yearning, a freedom like burning and the hope in the heart. A restless yearning, a freedom like burning. I'm the hope in the heart of yours.


The development of new biotechnologies such as drugs, vaccines, devices or diagnostics requires a robust business case that considers scientific, technical, logistical, financial, and operational elements to determine feasibility and probability of success. The product value proposition plays a crucial role in establishing incentives for investment during and after development. This review aims to summarize the challenges in taking vaccines against neglected tropical diseases from development through licensure and provide a perspective that these vaccines can have measurable public health and economic profitability and market success. Understanding these processes and its challenges would accelerate and advance essential NTD vaccines towards licensure for delivery to afflicted populations in low and middle-income countries.


Hello and welcome to the session in which we'll discuss research and development costs also known as R&D. What is the big idea behind the research and development costs? Those are costs incurred by a company to come up with a new product such as a drug, technology, or maybe a process, a formula, some sort of a composition. Research and development costs really is not an intangible asset by itself. It could lead to an intangible asset. What does that mean? It means when a company incurred those research and development costs. It could be many worth millions or billions of dollars. They must expense them as they are incurring them, as they are incurred. Now the question is why? So this is basically what R&D is. R&D is expense. Why? Well, the reason is simple in a sense that they don't fit the definition of an asset. In other words, we cannot treat them as an intangible asset because an intangible asset is something that's gonna provide probable future benefit for the company. Well, when you are researching a product, you don't know the value, the future value of R&D. Many companies, they spend billions of dollars, billions in B, and come up empty handed. Therefore, you are not allowed to capitalize, to treat those research and development as an asset until you reach a certain stage. For example, I'm pretty sure right now, many pharmaceutical companies are spending a lot of money to find a cure and medication for COVID-19. Well, as they incur this cost, they cannot capitalize it. They cannot treat it as an asset. They all have to expense it and it's gonna hit their income statement. But let's talk about research and development and make sure we understand what research is and what development is because on the CPA exam, you might have a question just to differentiate between what's research and what's development. Research is considered directed work aimed at discovering a new knowledge that's useful and finding a new product or process slash technique, significant improvement of an existing product. So this is what a research is. Simply put, an example will be searching, finding a new drug, searching for a new drug. Development on the other side is the translation of the research. So you did the research, now you want to translate it. Maybe you want to translate into a design for this new process or a new product or significant improvement. An example will be construction a prototype software. You are researching a prototype software, a search engine. Now you have a prototype. This is the development stage. R&D are incurred before the start of the commercial production. What do we mean by this? Commercial production means you are ready to sell the product to the customers. Well, what does that mean? It means you have a final saleable product. Well, you're no longer in the R&D phase. You're no longer in the R&D phase. What costs are usually associated with R&D? Well, salaries and wages paid for those employees, material, supplies, any payroll costs related to this. If you purchase any intangibles, notice you are buying an asset for that R&D project and you do that a lot. For example, you'll buy the ideas, the techniques, the patent of another company to integrate that into your research. That's expense. Any contract services, if you contracted a third party and many pharmaceutical companies, I know this because my wife work for a pharmaceutical company is they bring, they buy the research and development from an outside party, like as a contract, that's also expense. Any indirect cost, that's still an expense. We have to be aware that if you purchase an asset that could have alternative future used, that's not expense. What does that mean? It means let's assume to keep it simple, you bought a copier and you're using this copier and this R&D project. But guess what? Once this project is done, you're gonna move the copier to another project that's used for an alternative use. Well, you will not expense the copier as R&D. What's gonna happen is the copier will be its own asset. Now, the best way to illustrate this is to actually look at an example to see what is considered R&D and what is not considered R&D, what's considered actually an asset. Whether you are an accounting student or a CPA candidate, I strongly suggest you take a look at my website, foreheadlectures.com. I don't replace your accounting course, I don't replace your CPA review course, I'm a supplemental material, like a vitamin pill to your resources. I can help you understand the material better by providing you with alternative lectures, resources, multiple choice, true, false, exercises. Your risk is to try me one month. Give it a try, if you like it, you keep it. If not, you cancel, that's your risk. But your return is actually improving your performance on the CPA exam, understanding the material better. If not for anything, take a look at my website to find out how well or not well your university doing on the CPA exam. This is a list of all my accounting courses with various resources, true, false, multiple choice. My CPA supplemental modules are aligned with your Becker, Roger, Gleam and Wiley. So you can go back and forth between my material and your CPA review course for better understanding. If you have not connected with me only then, please do so, take a look at my LinkedIn recommendation and like this recording, share it with other, connect with me on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Reddit. The best way to illustrate this concept is to actually work an example. And let's take a look at this example. Let's assume in 20X5, Tesla modified its XV20 model to be fully driverless. Tesla made the following expenditure. They have research to develop technology, 2 million, development of a prototype, half a million, cost of engineering, 170, purchase of equipment. They purchase a specialized equipment, 3 million, testing the prototype, 75,000, legal fees for patent application, 4,500, legal fees for successful defense of the patent against Apple, it looks like Apple, they said, well, we have a similar patent, it cost them 20,000. The equipment purchase for this project will be used in another project. So this piece of equipment, it will be used in another project. Depreciation per year, 1 million, it means we're gonna depreciate this asset over three periods, one, three years. The accountant at Tesla treated all the above cost as patent, intangible assets. So what they did at Tesla, they took all of those and they showed all of those are considered patent and asset. Management claimed that the cost of the new system represent a significant improvement of the existing system. Well, if it's a significant improvement, it's research and development. So if they put everything as patent, we have to fix this problem. So let's see, research to develop, is this R&D? Yes, what does that mean? This means we have to take it out of the asset, development of a prototype. Yes, this is R&D cost, cost of engineering, R&D cost. Purchase of the equipment, not really, why not? Because they told us that this equipment will be used in another project. So it's not solely for this project, it has an alternative use. Testing the prototype, R&D. Legal fees for patent application, no. Patent application is considered an asset and it's gonna be considered a patent, an asset. Therefore, this is correct, we don't have to do anything with this. Legal fees for successful defense of the patent, that's also we learned when we talked about patent, that's an asset because the defense was successful, you added to the patent. What does that mean? That means you have to back out, out of patent, all these costs that are considered R&D. And let me go ahead and highlight them. Those costs are the two million, the 500,000, the 170 and the 75,000. So those gonna add up to 2,745,000. So I'm gonna credit the patent to remove them, to back them out from the patent and increase research and development costs. Tesla will not like this because now 2.7 million hit their income statement. I also need to back out the equipment because the equipment was treated as a patent. So I'm gonna have to reduce the patent and increase the equipment. So it's still an asset. And what else I have to do? I'm gonna have to account for one million of research and development expense for this asset because that's the depreciation that's considered part of R&D and credit accumulated depreciation. So once this project done, we still have two million to depreciate for an alternative use. But for now, we're only going to expense a million of R&D, three million as research and development costs. Well, the best way to illustrate this concept and to learn it more is to work additional multiple choice questions on my website farhatlectures.com.  Invest in yourself, invest in your career. A CPA exam is worth it. Your accounting career is worth it. Give me a try. I can help you improve your performance. Good luck, study hard, and of course, stay safe.


The Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Niger and the Nigerian Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas workers are loggerheads over the pump price of petrol, as fuel scarcity is worsening in many parts of the country. Many fuel stations increase the pump price of petrol to more than the official 165 naira per litre. Nupeng issued a 24-hour ultimatum to IPMEN members on Sunday to revert to the official pump price of 165 naira per litre of petrol. However, IPMEN says such a directive is not within Nupeng's poor view. In Balsa, for instance, the price of a litre of petrol went as high as 300 naira per litre. The chairman, IPMEN Binid Depo, Mr. Douglas Ike, stated this on Monday in Lagos that Nupeng's ultimatum was misplaced. Get to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hey, everybody. For those of you that don't know, the YouTubers that make videos in the computer and technology space are actually pretty close, but only in a metaphorical way. Unfortunately, we all live pretty far apart, which means hanging out with each other is only something that we can do online. However, this year, Danny Lee from Nerd on a Budget actually came up with the idea of doing a Secret Santa and an effort to bring us closer together, which I think is an excellent idea. So if you haven't heard of some of these guys before, be sure to check out their channels because I low-key steal ideas from them when they're not paying attention, and they probably deserve the traffic more than I do. It's finally here! Chris with Coalition Gaming here. I just received my Secret Santa's gift. Let's unbox this and check this out. I want to see what I got. Oh, dang. All right. Well, apparently I got this gift from the Ozman. Says, note from him, says, Love you, buddy.  I want to see your beautiful face in 4K. Keep up the good work. Ozzy, thank you so much. Let's have a look at what I got here. Oh, dang. This is an action camera. This is one of the things I wanted to play around with for action camera as a webcam. I'm really, really looking forward to hooking this up to see how it all looks, running it through my capture card, testing it out as a webcam because I think the sensors in these ones are better than your run-of-the-mill USB webcam. Oh, man. Sweet. Ozzy, thank you. I really, really appreciate it. I'm excited to see what the rest of this video holds on. Hopefully everyone in the tech fam got some cool stuff. Also, Merry Christmas, happy holidays, and I hope you all had a great Christmas as well. Can't wait to finally make some more videos. Hey, what is up, everyone? Ozzy here from Tech by Toasty Bros. Was that too much? But seriously, Danny, thanks for inviting me to join this tech fam secret Santa. I have two packages. I guess I'm spoiled here. So I'm going to go ahead and open them up and see who they're from and what they are. Oh, here we go. Highly enjoy your gift. I hope you and your family have a great holiday season from Zach's Tector. Thanks, Zach. I appreciate it, bro. It's so cute. It says, this guy is one awesome dad. Let's see what's up here. Oh, there's another gift receipt. Oh, same thing. Thanks, Zach. Appreciate it, bro. What's this one? Oh, no way. I never thought about one of these. It's a headset holder. That's sick. Let's go great with my new headphones. Whoa. That's sick. Thanks, Zach. What's a headset holder and a dock? That's insane. Man, thanks, Zach. I really appreciate it. And thank you guys so much for again, for inviting me. I'm looking forward to seeing what you all get and who you get from. Appreciate it, tech fam. Oh, and in case you didn't know, I'm Lee from ComTV. Hey, Danny. What's up, dude? Yeah, no, no, no. Everything's good. I just, well, I'm thinking I'm not too sure about this whole secret Santa thing. Yeah, I know. Everybody got their gifts. That's actually why I'm calling. No, no, no. I got mine. I'm actually looking at it right now. Look, I'm just thinking maybe next time we do one of these things, we think about upping the minimum dollar amount on the gifts. No, dude, it's not like I'm not grateful. It's just, okay, okay, okay. I'm sorry. Hey guys, I'm Christopher Yee from Christopher Yee. Let's see what my secret Santa got me. All right, I'm just kidding. All right, let's see. I got sick. Okay, okay, with the notes. Hi, Christopher. Enjoy your gift from Louise, aka the Tech Crimson. I really couldn't think of what to get you. And then I remembered CES is coming up and this might help lug some stuff around. Let me know if you hate it. I do. No, I'm just kidding. No, this is sick. I like this. I actually, when I finished college, I threw out all my backpacks because they kind of remind me of everything I hate. But I do need one. Let me check this out. Kingsons. Okay. Yeah, dude.  This is sick. No, I like a gift that I can use. I don't like stuff that I can't really use. This is nice. Louise, thank you. I appreciate the gift, dude. I hope you had a good Christmas. Hey, what's up, everyone? Danny here from None of Budget. And this is the gift that my secret Santa sent me. This is actually only one part of the gift. The other part was delayed in the mail due to the crazy holiday rush. And it won't get here until after the new year. So I'll open that one up off camera when it arrives. But for now, let's open this one up and see what's inside. Play the audio file on the USB stick out loud while you open the gifts. This is Christopher Yee and I'm your secret Santa this year. So I know you have some weights on your wish list, but you're already looking a little too thick this year. So I thought I would get you something else. In sticking with the dad theme, your gifts should include a couple items that you'll either laugh at or find a little cringy. I'm hoping it will be a little bit of both. Anyways, the more serious gift in this package is actually a graphics card. But it's not just any graphics card. This is actually the first computer part I ever purchased on Craigslist. The only reason I bought this thing was because I found your Craigslist right along videos and decided to try it a couple days later. Now, here's the thing. I have no idea if this card works. So if you try it out and I completely scammed you, I'm going to cop out and say it's for sentimental value aside from the gifts. I just wanted to say thank you. I've said this before, but you're the only real reason I got into making computer videos. You don't know the magnitude of how much it's actually affected my life, but we can talk about that some other day. Anyways, Merry Christmas. You are where you are right now because of your own hard work and dedication. Thanks for giving me credit in terms of inspiration, but it's all you man. I'm so happy for your success and you are killing it right now. So keep it up and I'm definitely going to keep this safe. And now my girlfriend's going to be like, what does this mean? But I can't believe there's still something else on the way. So yeah, can't wait till that gets here. Thanks and Merry Christmas and happy holidays to you and your family and your loved ones as well as everyone else watching out there. And yeah, on to the next one. What's up guys? It's Ozzy from Oz Talks Harder and sorry if I look kind of gross. I just woke up, but today I'm going to unbox my Secret Sanicus. I have it right here and I'm pretty sure I already unboxed one without knowing it, but we'll get into that later. What is this? This will change your life. Not even kidding. Love you Ozzy. Oh my gosh, this is awesome. I'm not sure what I'm going to do with all this toilet paper. I don't know what this means. Does this mean I don't properly wipe? Is that what you're trying to tell me? Do you have a camera in my bathroom? I'll have all the little messages to you. Let's open up the shirt and see exactly what this is. This is sweet right here. This is the other shirt that you got me that I unboxed without even knowing. You guys will get a kick out of this. I totally did. It's a blue screen of death shirt. That's the front. I don't think there's anything on the back, but it's so cool. So my battery's about to die, but Lee super appreciate all of these gifts. These are awesome and I hope you had a wonderful Christmas and Merry Christmas to everybody else watching this video. Thanks again, Danny, for doing this. It was really cool of you. See you guys later. Oh, hey guys. This is Charles from Tech Always. I'm just warming up by the fire here. If only I had something warm to just warm my spirit. It's like a Secret Santa present. Oh, well, here's my Tech Fam Secret Santa present. So I might as well open this up. Maybe bring it up in here too. All right, so that's better. Now let's open this up. And inside, this looks like an EVGA 550 watt power supply box, but let's open this up real quick. Okay, so now I think I can open it. Oh, maybe not. Oops. What is this? A custom Tech Always and coalition gaming t-shirt. That's cool. XLR input and then this euphoria audio interface. Okay, so through all that boxes, I actually got some pretty cool stuff. So I got this Beringer audio interface. So this is going to allow me to upgrade to a XLR mic. I got cable for an XLR mic and then this coalition gaming Tech Always t-shirt. This thing's actually pretty cool. It has my logo. So let's get right into it. Slogan. And that's actually some pretty cool stuff. So thank you so much for all this stuff, Chris. Definitely go check him out. And also check out all the Tech Fam for setting up this whole Secret Santa. Shout out to Danny for setting all of this up. All right, so that's about it. So I guess on to the next unboxing. Hi, everyone. I'm Matt from Tech by Matt. And let's get right into the Secret Santa unboxing. All right, I have the box open. And the first thing I see is a letter. It says, Hey, Matt, Merry Christmas. Of course, I got paired with the other Matt for this. So from this, I can tell it's Matt from the Toasty Bros. Then he goes on to say some pretty nice stuff. And at the end, he says I have a 14 day deadline to get the updated setup to our posted winky face. Happy holidays, Matt, Jackson and Zach. And then he says PS. And it's just some really irrelevant information. I don't even think that I'll put it up on the screen. Maybe I will. Maybe I won't. It's nicely wrapped, has a nice bow. And it says to Mappy from Mappy. Very nice. You tear into this. And this says ox artificial plants. Ooh, I think I know what this is.  And these things look absolutely amazing on b-roll. Thank you so much to Matt, Jackson and Zach for sending these over. I am definitely going to be making use of these in future videos. That wraps up this unboxing. Thank you to the entire tech fam for putting this together and letting me participate. This was really a lot of fun. Hey, what's going on, guys? Crimson here. And I thought about making a funny intro, but I couldn't think of anything. And I decided to just end up thanking all of you guys for watching this video. And also for watching everyone's channels here. But anyways, guys, let's get straight into the gift package. I have already opened this package a little bit. All I did was unzip the bow just because that would take too long. But besides that, as you guys can see, whoever my secretana was, went a little bit above and beyond and got a very, very nice gift wrapped present.  And now let's see who actually did this. Let's look at the gift card. So actually, looking at the gift, we see it's from Nerd on a Budget. It says, you know, I had to get you something green for your gift. Also, hope you enjoy the other smaller gift. Now you can be partially invisible. And yes, guys, Danny from Nerd on a Budget went above and beyond and included two things. So right after I finished looking at this, we're going to be looking at the other gift that Danny sent. And now for the second gift, a smaller gift, we have this. Just a tiny little package. And let's just get straight into it and see what it is.  What a guy. Of course, Danny, just a green shirt. And I really appreciated Danny. Let me gotta do the really appreciated Danny. And now let's move on to the next person. Hey, what is up, guys? Maddie from the Toasty Bros. And well, I'm here to do an update on... Did you hear that? I think it's here. I've been waiting so long for this. Oh my god. Oh my god. Is it here? Is it here? It's here? Yes! It's here! Ah! What do you think it is? Huh? Do you know how I have any idea what it is? Do you know? Do you know? I don't know either. Let's get it.  I really want to see what's inside of it. Ah!  I really want to know what Santa got me this year. You know, I don't remember how to open boxes. It's like I've never done this before. I don't know what I'm... Is this how you open a box? A gift surprise. Is there a letter? Is there a letter for me? Is there? Maybe? What's this? Oh, it's return slips. I think there's a note on inside so we can see exactly who it's from. Happy holidays, Matt. It's been great working with you over the past few years and can't wait to do another collab in the future. This is from Charles from Tech Always. Got Charles? How nice of you. Oh, look at this. Charles got me a nice little wireless adapter for my M40X's. It's a really cool adapter. This will allow me to use my M40X's in Bluetooth mode. And I've always wanted these but just never got around to getting it. So thank you, Charles. But wait, there's actually more. I made the mistake of opening a package thinking it was not what I thought it was. And oh my goodness, Charles. Thank you. Thank you very much for this wonderful gift. We are going to be best friends forever.  And I hope you guys have an awesome holiday season. Hey, welcome to Zach's Tech Turf. My name is Zach. For those of you that don't know me, I'm super honored to be a part of this Tech Fam Secret Santa. And today I'm really excited that I'm going to be unboxing my gift from Tech by Matt. Let's do it. All right.  I was pretty confident that it wasn't this random Z970 motherboard. But inside that box, as you guys saw, was a GT 1030, the DDR4 model, which is like the most hated graphics card on the planet right now. So thank you for not sending me that. But inside that box was a set of PC screws, which is obviously super useful, a set of cable organizers, which I actually use these exact ones all the time. So this was definitely clutch. And then finally the HD 7850, which I haven't reviewed before. So you guys know that that video is coming soon. Thanks a bunch, Tech by Matt. This was awesome. So that was our Secret Santa gift exchange with the Tech Fam members that were able to participate. We really hope you enjoyed watching this as much as we enjoyed making it. I want to give a huge shout out to Chris from Coalition Gaming because he and I actually came up with this collab idea when he gifted me some of his merch for the holidays. So we all got our gifts, but now it's time that you get yours. All of us are combining forces to give away $25 digital gift cards of your choice to 10 viewers out there. This is to say thank you for your ongoing support and viewership because without all of you, we wouldn't be here. This is going to be a global giveaway, so anyone anywhere in the world could win. Details on how to enter will be in the description. And you have a couple of weeks to enter. We will personally email one winner each to give the prizes when the 10 names are drawn. So thanks again for watching. And from all of us here at the Tech Fam, we hope you and your loved ones had a Merry Christmas and we wish you happy holidays. Bye.


The global population continues to grow and age as people live longer. This calls for innovative ideas to manage the planet's resources and to deliver services to everyone. As the population shifts toward cities, the challenges to manage traffic, pollution and energy increase. At the same time, people have greater access to information, products and services that are increasingly global, and they expect these to be tailored to their individual needs. At ST, we believe that technology can help meet these needs and contribute to our vision of an augmented life for everyone. Let's see how. ST continues to develop solutions to make the world smarter and more connected. Our sensors provide information about the world around us. Our microcontrollers process, protect, analyze and act on this information. Our connectivity products provide the link to the network, and our energy management solutions ensure smart systems operate reliably and efficiently. In cities, these systems can be embedded everywhere, in buildings, attached to street lamps or even buried under roads. Together, these devices enable the smart grid, allowing more efficient use of energy. In factories, they combine with ST's smart power components to create extremely reliable and efficient automation solutions. ST is also making cars smarter. We are improving safety on the road by helping cars detect obstacles and assist braking, or adapt their speed to the flow of traffic. ST technologies also help protect the environment by reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. And ST infotainment, navigation and in-car controls increase the enjoyment and comfort of the overall driving and traveling experience. In the home, our technologies allow management of lights, heating or any home appliance that embeds a smart system. And when connected to the cloud, enable us to remotely monitor and control our home. Smart systems collect information to tailor applications and services to specific individual needs, while offering a more natural interface for a richer user experience. And ST's long experience in data security and secure communications ensures that your personal information will be safe. Real-time monitoring of activity and personal data can give advice on diet and exercise, provide early warning signals for critical illness, or improve drug delivery. This same technology can also keep us healthy by helping to deliver medical services to everyone at an affordable cost. The proliferation of smart systems will connect many new devices to the Internet of Things. This will increase the amount of data to be transported, stored and processed, creating the need for a more powerful infrastructure. And ST has solutions to meet the needs of this growing cloud with innovative, low-power, high-performance technologies. Together with our customers, partners and employees, ST is using its technology, know-how, manufacturing capabilities and talent to meet the challenges and opportunities of the evolving world. Because everywhere Microelectronics makes a positive contribution to people's lives, ST is and will be there.


Everybody forced here ripping one box of 2022 prism baseball hobby for Gary. Hey, thanks again, Gary. Good luck So there's always a no vet base is gonna ship in this Everything else coming your way. Let's see a big snake skin rookie auto Red mojo Wilson Contreras 94 of 149 I'll be Ray blue not numbered a Cal Raleigh red rookie auto 43 out of 99 Big don't burr rookie red packy not non-numbered Packy crazy name. I Wonder what is actual for I think we because he was in like 2020 bowman draft or like what? It's not his actual first name. It's like Packard or something like that. It's something like yeah go by packy Jacob Robson 20 on a 50 on the rookie blue wave auto blue rookie Jack Lopez. Yeah, that's right Kyle Case Kenan best backup in the league. I don't know Taylor Heineke might be Actually, you know why I take that back. It's Bailey zappy It's Brady zappy is the best backup in the league red prism rookie Riley Adams part of the Adams family trout stained glass insert a Red wave Christian Yelich fearless numbered 7 of 99 Silver rookie Spencer Strider When you'll cruise rookie class insert His actual name is Cal Noughton Jr Smell the delicious Christy smell coming don't be worried It's just a little bit of shake and bake My mount castle red They made a homes in Watson They've got like the worst you're using it ever see really that's got like it's zero percent around to me There's something like that Rice Harper stained glass blue rookie Jean Duran Fearless Yelich a read Detmer's on the rookie silver out of here Silver Rafael Devers, there's a ding in the Devers. I'm gonna send an empty box and wrapper Along with this Gary if you want so you can try to get that one replaced But silver Devers not a huge card out of a prism baseball. Oh, that's kind of cool Ryan a Whoa a rookie blue scope like a navy blue scope max crannick 15 to 35 I like to look at that. It's a cool looking card blue Mike trout. He was gonna lose this game Red Rafael Devers Silver rookie Dylan Coleman a Jaren Durand rookie base auto fourth auto There's a third usually it's only three red rookie say a Suzuki and that'll do it. Thanks again, Gary We'll get those right out to you