அதனால் உள்ளேsten நித்த என்று நீங்கள் மிக்க நடங்கள் கிரிப்பட்டு உறு, هذهகிக்கப் பெரிமாத குறையில் பரிசிப்படுத்த வேற்று வின்பு அந்த ஹெய்ச் சக்திற்கு அவர் சார்க்கமன் அயிற்று meeம் நான் க sujetை மூடையிற்கு ஏன் எடுத்த noisyந்தில் நிறைத் தெரியுவாது, நால் அதில் வருாக வேண்டும் குத்திப்புயில் என்று என்று தட்டுச்சைகள் குறவம் புரத்துகிற நேரமா software குறனையைம arrogantத cuộcந்த electasy ofagination is one of the most important things which are important for the before we go into the design. Why? That is what we will be seeing in the lectures. அடித்து கண்டி வேண்டுமி ந விட்ட பரரமான் பேடந்தது ஐரொலியை உங்களை நுகல் மடங்கும் சென்ற முன்னிக்கு அப்படியென்று கண்டி வார், போகிற rêோம்நிக்கு மிக்கத்து ஒரு தண்டைாட்ட சென்று மட்டும் இரண்டும் இருக்கிறது, சிறிதாக, சித்து, சித்தன் சகுமியில் குதியநிகைப் அழைப்பை ஏன் நிறுகிறத våள், ம voltages எல்லோக, சיர்நைக்க capacity-adm tonnes ஆர்நேசம ஏதாவதுில் அழக்கம் நீங்கள் அனைத்திற்கு க nights கிரப்புலி சகுனி அழ வெளியில்brand but one thing I can tell you for that matter whether you construct a coal fired power plant or hydro power plant or anything. There will be a displacement of people some site. You will require some sites. But one thing is it should not displace a large number of people. So this is like any other facility all the different loads for example you have a width பெற்று வீண்ட் பாதிப்படாடு ஆகாட்டதர் அந்த நினைப்பி நிறைக்கலாம, அது நீங்கள் ஏனாலும் அனைத்துக் கோடலுங்களை Fashion பிறகுத்தார கொண்டு ஏன் நிறைக்கigerம் ஆனாலும் உங்களை சற்றி நゆiguத்தியாக நேரருத்தாய் பார்த்துcial-loving விலைகளிலிலிங்களுக்கு அனை் சிறந்துச் சிற சவற்சதை, மிக ஆசையில்��고ுங்கள் நோசப்பட்டு வைத்துக்கொள்ளலும் இல்லோலும் செய்கிறோம், அதைப் படித்துங்கள், இறக்கிறேன். இனிடமும் செய்புரச்சினர்கள் என்னையுடன் முறைய அழுதி, ஒரு நிறைவில்ocation அல்லவேன். தன்னி, கீழ்க்கு எந்தடனர்களை,லாவா, என்ன வகுதந்து உங்களுக்கு திறந்திலிருந்து ஆக்கிற зачем? உங்குவீடகவும் உங்களுக்குக்கு உங்கு நாட்கான விருந்தால் நீவாருகின்விடம் நாண்சலமான பைஎ ports சேர்ந்து வாம், வீட்டு ஆளை சீகப் பண்ணிலீல்.vat your flute and trying to crash on your plant.போதுdriven நாண்சலமான பாத்திலிருந்தால் எர்த்குக்குத் தோன்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்றப்பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற பிரின்ற நாட்களாகப் பாதார்கள் தொடர்பும் வ கணிபர் முடிந்தட் அந்ததுகிறாள். நாம் சிங்தமுடிய நிகர், சரியாக இங்கே தொட那個 ஆற்ற். கடுத்த உறுப்பாடு அரவையாட்டுழக்கூட இப்படி அழுப Gesetzentwurf위an கடுத்த airport ஒளி நிகழ்வ சொல்லுங்க இடத்த வித்தக்கைகள் காட்டும் அ சாய்த்த வழி சுக்கிரை கருத்த முதல்த பிறகு முப்புச் சிகிரைக்காது ஆனாலுமாதால், புரிந்தைத் திறகைப் பரியவு என்றுக் கனிகியள noche செய்துகொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்கொள்ளுக்க எல்லா touchscreen அடிந்தை செய்து விளையுடைய உரிவி என்பு செய்துகொண்டு விருஂந்து எல்லாப் பின்கள். உண்மைக் அனைத்துக் கிடைந்திருந்தேன். அனைத்திருந்தேன். நடியாக całyதியாக இருக்கிறத்தை. மகத்தில் மகத்தில் கட்டும் உயிற்று, இவை கிடையாது வெள்ளisெறு வருவில்ல, அதோயில் அன்று நடத்ததுவிடு காத்தி. ம ம கைபாட்டுகளைம்பில் இருக்கிறோம். ஒரு ஆணimbapத்தில் ஏமை கூ árந்து அறைந்திருக்கிறோம். நன்றுதானதே, நான் உண்மையில் ஆ தொடர்புச் சந்திப்பாக, பகabordக்கும் உத்திறக்குச் சத்திடத்துத் தட்டுக்க வந்தத初க Room 6, பருவாலை செய்தாளர் வணக்கம். இது because exactly because, பதுதில் அதை நினைந்த செய்தூள் சக்காண வேண்டாள நிகழ்ச்சர் tinha நான் பெரிகப்பு குபட்டனைங்களையும் கூறும். அது ஒரு பிரிக்கான கொலைவில் நினையன் நிகழ்சரனிக்கட்டியும் நம்முடிம்படியாளர் இந்த வாட்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டும் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல்லுங்க வேண்டிருக்குச் செல் இயநேசா கேள்கி பரிசினையில் உன்னுடைய அதிகனம்ை. இது வார்க்குப்பெடிமானது, யசின்ச் சென்றுGA Finally பார்வார் அறை நிகழிப்பார் தனிப்பக்பம் mooiத் தனிப்புகின்று த孩子 கோழ்நிப்பயார்xideைப்புகின்று பார்ப்பண் பார் வையில், நடலதில் இறுநிலிரட rumors நாக்காம் உள்ளுங்கல வேண்டியிருக்க முகவும் சநரத்த விளைக்க இருக்கும் investing And respecting before, while evaluating the site. அதிலைப் பெறேர்ந்து கூறும் Hoy not only that, in the last few years, it has become mandatory அதிலைக்கும் நல்லம성이 உன்னைக்குப் போடியணை, that you get a sort of public consultation, we call it as a public hearing wherein all these stakeholders, the people around செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்று செய்துப் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் என்ற வைத்தைப் பணம் பாடி, இறுதி வாய் அறைச்சியிருக்கும் தட்டுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் அல்லவாய் மருத்திகள். அது பெர்துக் கடவுள் ஒரு மருத்திகள்.ப்புதேயுள்aw �ரவு அசிகரத்ரத்ாளர் அறை தய்护டியம். பாடமில் இதை ஒரு முழேவு எறே வெthank மிகு следியும் இந்த நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நிலையில் நில நாடத்திற்கு அவ்வாக இருக்கிறது, ஹீர் முகத்திய செய்கிறது, ஆனால் அருக்கணலத்திற்கும் என்னிடம் Guys and Moscos are நடந்திக்க luegoக் strainக்கும் நீ நுந்திவுள்ள работல் நலிதனை செய்து, தனிதய செல்லாமல்Abs proceeding to the Ministry of Environment and Finance and Forest andSmatt this not only takes this report it also gets that the environmental impact assessment report which is carried out by an independent agency appointed by the இந்த ஆசலிய inappropriங்கள் நொல்லிகள் கூட சிகருப்பதைவையில் நிருந்தகமனமாக வாழ்க்கம முன்னியவன் ஆத்சாப்பு நிருந்த சரி. இந்தக் சிகருகிறார் நான் பொரு கூர பல் பல நாட்கள�도ம் நீ உட்ளவு தொடர்பு அழகலிலியே ஊரிப்புவிடு. நேரக்கரக் குழந்தில் பயிரச்சி கடும்புச்சித்த கத்தியச் கடை சுழ்ச்ச்சியி நிறுமோன்றனால் அத wod்கொண்டு நான் இல்லையைத்தான் ஒப்புரிந்து glitch அத மற்றி செய்து வெளி, எலுமை நேந்தாலும் வளர்வு கொண்டுகிறாய் Software, the idea is tooth would – one is security for the nuclear power plant. Other one is to restrict the amount of radioactivity, which a person can receive, should there be any even a minor release of radioactivity and also the fact that in case there is an emergency And we want to evacuate, we may need to evacuate too a number of people who are very, very close in the 5 kilometers area. So in this exclusion zone in fact you can say, we do not have anybody from the security of the plant. Here is a figure, so this is the plant and you can say the plant boundary. So this is your exclusion zone, which is about 1.5 km. Then you have the another zone up to about 5 km wherein nobody can. There is there but a very scanned population. So 1.5 km nobody, 5 km very. This is actually called a sterilized zone. But no further activity or is allowed in this area, a subsequent to the start-up of the deciding to construct this plant. After that no further, only very scanty things are allowed. Now how do we do the siting? We look at the topography of the place, rocky, whether that place site is accessible, whether it is accessible from in all directions or accessible only in a particular direction. This is very important. Like in case of a fire, you want many escape routes. Similarly for a plant, should there be a problem with one route, we should have another route. Not only from an emergency, even in a normal way, normal fire, anything, we should be able to move out in different ways. So we see the accessibility. Then infrastructure for transportation. See we must be able to transport that component to the site. For example, you have to cross some bridges. Those bridges must have adequate strength that they can withstand the load of the component. So whether the roads are good enough, there are no very steep bends wherein a trailer of about, let us say, 24 meters long trailer should be able to turn. Mind you, when we get components from the Larsen and Thubourg factories in Bombay to Kalpakam, equipment will go to Hyderabad, then to Bangalore and then from Bangalore it will come to Chennai. They have established this route is strong, good enough and come. So this need to be established before a site is chosen. Then construction facilities, how, whether the constructability is there at that site, what sort of facilities are available, whether I have a good place for a township. For the staff, because normally in a nuclear power plant, you always have a township so that the plants crew can come in different shapes and work. Then availability of the electrical power, whether that place, because when I start constructing, I require power. I must know how much load I require and whether I can get power in that place. Then, suppose I am going to build a plant, whether there are enough transmission lines through which I can transmit the power. In fact, this is very important that this transmission line should be completed before the construction of the plant is completed. Because then only the moment the plant starts, you can export the power to the grid. And not only transmission to one direction, it must be in two-three different routes. For example, your Kalpakam atomic plant is connected to the Tamil Nadu grid at one at Sengubarumal Covil, other to the Neveli, another at R&E, three different directions. In case there is a problem in this line, I can export the power through another line. So all these considerations need to be put. Then, availability of cooling water, as I mentioned, it needs cooling water for condenser. So it needs, so we must have a good source of water. If it is away from, if a river is there, like Rajasthan, we have the Rana Prathap Sagar Dam. We have water. If it is Kalpakam, we have sea water. If it is an inland site, we have to look whether there is enough water available and then whether cooling towers, how I can place them, all these need to be looked into. Of course, we cannot forget the seismological aspects, whether the place is earthquake prone, what is the earthquakes which are expected in that, how many have occurred, then the weather conditions, as I said, should not be a place where cyclones come very frequently. So, what are the basic aspects which govern the siting? One is the impact of external events, then impact of plant on the environment and the public, and third, not, but the least, that in case of an emergency, I must be able to implement my emergency measures of evacuation and other things also. These are the three considerations, basic aspects. Now, so, in a negative sense, we say, what are the rejection criteria? Normally, we call a selection criteria. Here, we call the rejection criteria. That means, if certain criterias are not followed, we reject them, we reject that site. So, we generally give that in terms of distance values, screening distance values. For example, I have a chemical plant and any toxic release from that plant might affect my nuclear power plant. I say, if a chemical plant is retweeted at this much distance, it should be more than that only I will accept. So, like that. So, if you move away from the plant, your hazard is going to be less. So, basically, the screening distance value gives this idea. Now, let us look at some of the criterias which are being followed. Now, seismic conditions, we define them by different zones, and depending on the seismic nature or the earthquakes which have happened, we do not want to put a nuclear plant in a place where the earthquakes are very frequent. So, first is whether the site falls. If it is zone 5, then from the fault of the earthquake, if it is less than 5 kilometers where has happened, we reject that site. Then, potential for soil liquefaction which can happen, I will talk about this later. Then, formation of sand dunes is another suddenly, let us say, if it is a sea coastal thing and sand dunes are developed. So, I would not accept. Then, distance from an airfield, if it is less than 5 kilometers, I would reject that site because my aircraft taking off itself, it can crash. If it is a major airport, surely 8 kilometers must, if it is a military airfield, still more because you have fighter planes which have a very large energy level, 15 kilometers. And in addition to all this, we do keep in mind a social responsibility that any pilgrimage centers or historical monuments should not lie within 5 kilometers. We, in fact, when we sited the POBR plant, our site choice was dictated to some extent by the nearness to Mahabalipuram, which has got a old shore temple and old Palava architecture. So, that we kept in mind. These are also, then since marine environment, these things also can pose rejection to a site. So, we need to satisfy all this. Now, AERB, the Atomic Energy Regulator Board in India, looking at all this, it has drawn up a large number of guides and I am just giving you a glimpse of about 12 guides, which talk about the different aspects of siting. See, atmospheric dispersion and modeling, hydrological dispersion of radioactive materials in relation to NPP siting, extreme values of meteorological parameters, hydrogeological aspects of siting, models for radioactive dose computation. See, everything is clearly documented. How you have to go about it? Design basis for inland sites, design basis for coastal sites means very close to the sea. Man-induced events and establishment of design basis events. Influence of site parameters on emergency preparedness, quality assurance in siting, seismic studies and design basis ground motion. See, all aspects have been well thought of and guides are made and these guides, if followed, will assure that siting is done properly. Now, in all these guides, there are requirements one, which are mandatory. Mandatory means these shall be considered. There is no going this way. They are mandatory, like wind, flood, earthquake. So, these things have to be considered and in the design of the plan, you have to design for that much seismic condition, that much wind loading, you have to design. If there is a flood, you have to take that consideration and you have to see that your plan does not get damaged or your safety is not jeopardized. Then, there are some desirable requirement like distance from a chemical factory. Maybe it is not that much. So, let us say, we have put some 5 kilometers. Let us say, it is about 4.5 kilometers. We think twice whether it is really and what sort of a factory is this, whether really it can cause. So, here, based on the what you call local situation, local conditions, we can do some adjustments. So, these are all design, but if at all they are altered, there will be a means, there should not be an economic penalty. Now, the design basis parameters normally, which we get like floods, earthquakes and all, they are all have a concept of mean recurrence interval. This mean recurrence interval is what? It is the mean time between two consecutive occurrences of that event. An earthquake has happened now after how much time it again happens. So, it, what is the magnitude? What is the average over the different earthquakes? So, all these data, we get based on the seismological observations, which have been done and records kept. Now, as I mentioned, you have to evaluate the site with reference to storage aspects, safety aspects of storage of fuel. In fact, storage of material for the plant, later for the fuel, not only the fresh fuel, the spent fuel. Spend fuel would need cooling, there could be radioactive waste, which have generated. How you are going to handle all these aspects? So, when you say a nuclear power plant, it does not mean the plant alone, all these waste handling facilities, the spent fuel, everything needs to be considered. We have to evaluate the site, whether all these things can be there. So, it is not the nuclear plant alone. Now, what, how do you ensure is by engineering the site, we can alter the some of the features of the site and evaluate the site to satisfy the different conditions. Again, I repeat, the mandatory conditions cannot be violated. The desirable conditions can be adjusted here, again looking at a local condition. If we are not able to satisfy the mandatory conditions, surely we either go to a different site, we do not consider that site. Now, let us come to the individual aspects, earthquakes. Now, in our country, unlike Japan, this is not a very frequent event, it is a low probability event, but of course, earthquake can cause severe consequences. Now, how does the earthquake happen? The earth's crust composes of different stratas and different plates and normally, they move slowly relative to each other depending on the pressures which are there, stresses which are within the core of the earth. Now, the movement happens at different speeds, somewhere like 1 to 16 centimetres per year. When the movement is high of the plates, they can converge or they can diverge and this happens because they move at different speeds, all the layers do not move at the same speed, they are at different speeds. So, when this happens, there is a stress built up. Potential energy is built up in the plate and this exceeds that capacity of that plate stress, which it can withstand. It ruptures, the plate ruptures and the ruptures reach to the release of the energy and the ruptured portions, they move with respect to each other and displace and this displacement finally is what you call as earthquakes and these plate boundaries could be either on the land or could be under the sea. Normally, tsunamis happen when they are under the sea. Now, you must have heard the word epicenter. Suppose, when it is happening on the land, of course, it is happening below the ground and the corresponding point on the land is what we call as a epicenter. But suppose, this one was happening in the sea, the point corresponding to that is called as hypocenter or focus. Then, the ruptured area is called as a fault area or fault line. We say, where is the fault line from Kalpakam? Where is the fault line from Kudangulam? Like that, we ask ourselves. So, the severity of the earthquake, again, is how much it is away from the epicenter or hypocenter. So, you need to locate it away because from the history of earthquakes, we do have where is the epicenter and where is the hypocenter. Now, in these earthquakes, for the design purposes, we consider two types of earthquakes. One is called as a safe shutdown earthquake and other is called as an operating base earthquake. These are called as OBE, Operation Base Earthquake, Safe Shedown. Earthquake is SSE. Now, the Safe Shedown earthquake or those earthquakes, which have got a large return period, something like once in some 10,000 years. So, they are very rare. That means, they can happen. So, for that condition of what you call ground motion, which we represented as a G, acceleration of gravity in terms of the 0.1 G, 0.2 G. So, we design all the components, which are involved in the safe shutdown of the plant should operate under that condition of a safe shutdown earthquake. So, the idea is, under this condition, which can happen very rarely, our radiological risk is to be, to the public should be kept below the acceptable level.  The other one, which I called as OBE or Operational Base Earthquake with a return interval of about 100 years, all plant components are designed to function when subjected to OBE. So, every site-specific response spectra we derived based on the measurements at that site and we have the time history, all these things we use. Now, I mentioned something about called liquefaction. What is this liquefaction? See, it is the settlement of the ground in areas where you have loose sand or silt, which happens because of an earthquake and it can settle down. So, the liquefaction potential of different sites is evaluated should earthquake thing happen, whether the soil conditions are such, whether it can liquefact. So, liquefaction can occur or not. This is done and in case liquefaction occurs, we reject the site. Then, the geological hazards, basically geological hazards are those which can cause damage to life and property, landslides, which are very common in the Himalayas. Then, rocks rolling down the hills, rock falls, then avalanche, then sand dune migration, all these things happen. Again, based on the geology of the place, then we have to look whether there is something called as slope instability, like land rock, slides, land erosion or snow, avalanche due to snow. Not only a rock avalanche, it could be snow avalanche. So, these things, whether can happen at that site and we have to assess these effects using very reliable methods of an investigation and we have to see the analysis of the plant, whether the plant can withstand this. Then, we also investigate the site for subsidence due to what is called as a geological feature called cursed. What is cursed? It is a type of landscape that is formed by dissolution of soluble rocks. All rocks are not solid. Some rocks would be real solids, some rocks can, in case of water, sweeps, it can become acidic and it reacts and forms carbonic acid with the water and it can maybe the rock can be soluble. Now, once it is rock is soluble, it forms a cave in that area and so, if it forms a cave, you can have, the ground can subside, it can push, come in down. So, this is need to be checked very much for the geological condition. So, you see how much of site investigations we need to do before we finalize a plant, nuclear power plant. We follow this thoroughly through the thick and thin. It is very important, it takes some time, but we do that. Then, meteorology. Of course, meteorology deals with the weather, the weather conditions, the climatic conditions throughout the year, how the wind speed, the wind direction, the rainfall, any storms, any cyclones and how, what is the maximum temperature, what is the minimum temperature. All these data for quite a large number of years we have and we see whether the maximum flood level that can happen at the site, whether I can engineer my plant. Normally, we try to find out what is the maximum design basis flood at a place, maximum wind loading at a place and without much economic investment, I can design the plant economic penalty, I can design the plant, I will design the plant. Engineering is not difficult, but if it is going to be highly costly, I would not like to do it. So, all the structures which are important to safety are to be designed to withstand the extreme values, no, there is no what you call margin in that. It has to be totally met. We can have an upper margin, but not anything to the lesser one. So, all these conditions, even snow, it can be snow, if it is going to be located in a place very close to the hills or the northern side, snow can settle on the what you call dome of the reactor and it can, the dome can fail. This snow will add a loading to the plant. So, it is very important and not only that, if you have a high wind and you have some steel yard nearby, the very large amount of wind can lift the steel plates, they can missiles. The projectiles could be happening. So, the missile hazard and the potential hazard of because of these flying objects in case of a very large wind needs to be kept in mind while choosing the site. In summary, what we have seen in this talk is the different stages of site evaluation We also had a look at what sort of criteria's are applied like from the fault, earthquake fault center, how minimum distance it should be, how much it should be distant, minimum distance from a, let us say a toxic chemical factory. Not only that, how much distance it should be from an air field. For example, now you take our Kalpakam site. After the establishment once the site of Kalpakam was decided, now in the air routes, normal flights, no flights is allowed in the direction of Kalpakam. The aerial routes are away from Kalpakam. So, air corridor is not anywhere above Kalpakam. Of course, during surveillance, as a part of the, our security, we do surveillance in helicopters above the plant, we go around, see any activities going on, all that we do, but that's only a plant event. But normally, we don't have any normal flights going about the Kalpakam plant. So, we have all these rejection criteria's, but we also look at the social aspect like pilgrimage center and our monuments which should be preserved. We don't know. So, we looked at the different rejection criteria's. Then we looked at the earthquake, earthquake, how an earthquake is cast, how the energy is built up and how it can cause failure, damage to property. Then we had a look at the geological criteria's which are the geological conditions which need to be looked into from the idea of sliding rocks, avalanche, etc. Then the meteorological considerations, the wind, the flood, etc. So, we saw all this. So, with this, I conclude my talk on these sighting aspects. Thank you.


Hey guys, this is just a reminder that we do have a discord server Linked down in the description below and I'll also pin it to the comments And you can go there and also try to get a cursula or Corsula Or you can catch the Corsula in this tutorial video and use that Corsula to get whatever Pokemon you want So go check it out guys and welcome to the channel. My name is Philly beats you and in this video I'm going to be showing you guys how to get the spookiest and probably a really annoying Pokemon to catch Corsula in Pokemon Sword and Shield and how to evolve it into Corsula. So without further ado, let's get on with the video Okay, so what you want to do in this game is head over to the wild area Specifically Giants mirror in this exact weather condition. You want it to be overcast So it's a little Sun symbol with the little cloud symbol mixed into it So fly over there to the closest spot and the closest spot to that is going to be on Hammerlock so once you spawn into hammerlock Just go ahead and make a left and head towards down the path that I'm showing you go right by it ignore all those other Pokemon And what you'll see is the weather is gonna be very apparent when you reach that spot Like you're gonna go rain and then all of a sudden you will see that's it. It looks gloomy It looks a little little it's not foggy, but it's a little gloomy.  Okay, so once you see Corsula in the grass slowly approach it It's not that obvious, but you'll see it slowly walk up to it And when you encounter it just be aware that you can't use normal moves against it because it is a ghost type and remember That you also cannot use fighting against it as fighting moves are actually ineffective against it as well So if you're catching it, throw out a quick ball if you want to do it in this case I like matching my Pokeballs to my Pokemon So I wanted to use a premier ball on Corsula. It took a little bit of time to get it I didn't want to damage it too much because I don't know what moves it could have because some of them I've been reported to have the some of them have been reported to have the move cursed and once it curses itself It's gonna do damage to itself and then you lose the opportunity So luckily I was able to see all four moves of this Corsula and I didn't have to worry too much about anything here So I get it down close enough finally throw up my premier ball and I get it now since I am post game in Pokemon Sword and Shield it is a lot easier to evolve them catching them later on now since the wild Corsula I'm catching is level 60 because I am in the post game. So everything in the wild area shows up at 60 It's very easy to evolve a normal Corsula will evolve into Corsula at level 38 So all I had to do is just get it up one level and I'd be able to get Corsula So what I did was I threw a Pokemon in the front of the party and I just leveled it up And it finally was able to evolve into Corsula another option is just drop a rare candy if you catch a level 60 Corsula and you'll get Corsula just like that and that's it pretty simple, right? That's how you get Corsula and that's how you evolve it into Corsula level 38 So if you guys enjoyed this video make sure to like and subscribe and comment down below What do you even think of this new form of Corsula Corsula? Whatever it is. I'm I like it I think it's pretty cool. I like the lore behind it. I like the dead Wabofet It spawns and I don't know let me know. I'll see you guys in the next video This is Philly beats you and I'm out


Peel the onion cut it in half and put it in the fridge for 30 minutes. Soaking it in a bowl of ice water works too. The more airflow, the better. It'll disperse the irritating onion gas before it hits those tear ducts. But whatever you do, make sure you're using a sharp knife. Instead of nice clean slices, you're basically smashing it, releasing more of the chemicals. And you may be asking, why are onions this way in the first place? Well, since they grow underground, it's their defense mechanism to protect them from those pesky and hungry animals.


Welcome to George H. Smith's Excursions into Libertarian Thought, a production of Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute, narrated by James Foster. Barack Obama, Social Darwinism and Survival of the Fittest, Part 1. On April 3rd, President Obama called Congressman Paul Ryan's budget proposal thinly veiled Social Darwinism. In a Huffington Post article, Obama sparks debate on his meaning of Social Darwinism, a quizzical, Jennifer C. Care asked, but what exactly does the President mean and will the theory's negative historical background be lost on most people? The key word in Care's first question is exactly. This question can easily be answered. Obama didn't mean anything. Exactly. The expression Social Darwinism when applied to free market economics and a limited government has no precise meaning and it never did. Nor has the term ever been embraced by Libertarian advocates of laissez-faire. Rather, Social Darwinism, a term that first appeared during the 1880s, was concocted by the enemies of free market capitalism to smear their adversaries. And this is how President Obama used the term. Exactly. Care's second question, and will the theory's negative historical background be lost on most people, is a curious one, especially since she cites the questionable opinion of a language expert to the effect that Social Darwinism is a risky term to use for political ammunition. Here we may chalk one up to President Obama and demagogues everywhere. It doesn't matter whether or not people understand what Obama meant by Social Darwinism. All that matters is that Social Darwinism evokes ugly connotations of the law of the jungle, a society without compassion in which the helpless poor are sacrificed to the avarice rich. In a speech given in January of this year, President Obama declared, We are not a country that was built on the idea of survival of the fittest. Here at least we have an expression that was actually used by free market advocates, most notably the English philosopher Herbert Spencer, 1820-1903, who coined the term, and his American counterpart William Graham Sumner, 1840-1910, the first professor of sociology at Yale. It is clear that Social Darwinism and survival of the fittest were intended by Obama to evoke feelings of fear and disgust. It is highly doubtful that Obama knows anything about the history of these ideas, and it is even more doubtful that he cares. A concern for truth is not the coin of the political realm, but these expressions have long been of interest to me, mainly because the great libertarian Herbert Spencer is frequently said to have originated Social Darwinism. Spencer, again he never used the term Social Darwinism, repeatedly protested that his views had been grievously distorted, but to no avail. The myths surrounding his theory of survival of the fittest became standard fare in generations of textbooks, and these myths received a shot of adrenaline in the 1977 BBC production of John Kenneth Galbraith's The Age of Uncertainty. This 13-part television series, which was the basis for Galbraith's best-selling book of the same title, purports to be a history of economic thought from Adam Smith to modern times, one that focuses on ideas about capitalism. But the series is little more than leftist propaganda, chock full of distortions and falsehoods. Galbraith stated explicitly what Obama left to the imagination of the American buboise to use H. L. Menken's memorable word. I first watched The Age of Uncertainty in 1977 when it was aired by a PBS station in Los Angeles. I found the series annoying throughout, but what especially incurred my wrath was Galbraith's treatment of Herbert Spencer, a segment around five minutes long that barely contains a shed of truth. I felt like throwing my plaster bust of Adam Smith at the television screen, but I decided on a less destructive course of action. I wrote an article, Will the Real Herbert Spencer Please Stand Up, that was published in Libertarian Review, December 1978. After calling Galbraith's presentation crude and grossly inaccurate, I continued, the traditional interpretation of Spencer on this point is so fundamentally wrong. In fact, Spencer explicitly repudiated it on many occasions that one must wonder whether any of Spencer's critics bothered to read him. A few days ago, after reading Obama's comment about social Darwinism and deciding to interrupt my Cato series on education with this essay and one more to follow, I watched Galbraith's segment on Spencer again. It is even more deplorable than I remembered. Ham-fisted from start to finish, it could be mistaken for a Monty Python parody. Immediately after Herbert Spencer is mentioned, we see a caged tiger devouring a chunk of meat. Then, as a Spencer voiceover talks about survival of the species in a biological context, the camera pans up to a sign that reads, These animals are dangerous. Seconds later, Galbraith enters stage left and surveys three dummies of Victorian capitalists. These figures, with money strewn about their feet, we all know that capitalists would rather throw money on the ground than give it to the poor, are labeled Capitalopithecus robustus. Galbraith shuffles his feet and then drones on about the higher primates that survived through natural selection. They are the strongest of the species, those best adapted to their environment, and so they survived. Spencer is soon quoted again, but this time we are treated to more than a voice. We see an actor in pale blue makeup who appears to have climbed out of a grave. After this zombie reads a passage from Spencer about how humans adapt to their conditions of existence, the camera moves back to Galbraith. With a stuffed tiger to his right, a prop to drive the message home, just in case the ravenous tiger shown earlier left any doubt, Galbraith lets us know he is a serious thinker by putting on his glasses in a professional manner. He then proceeds to misrepresent Spencer's ideas with reckless abandon. Galbraith tells us that Spencer applied his doctrine of survival of the fittest not only to survival in the animal kingdom, but also to survival in the equally cutthroat world as Spencer saw it of economic life. Spencer eliminated all guilt that the wealthy might experience by assuring them that wealth was the natural result of strength, intelligence, capacity to adapt. The wealthy were innocent beneficiaries of their own superiority. The poor, according to Galbraith's fictional Spencer, biologically inferior and were being selected out. Cheesy theatrics aside, virtually the only reliable statements that Galbraith makes about Spencer are the years of his birth and death and the fact that it was Spencer, not Darwin, who coined the phrase survival of the fittest. Our first impressions will often determine whether we will study a given thinker or theory in greater detail. We must be selective after all. We cannot possibly read what every prominent writer has written about every significant issue. This is where secondary textbook accounts play a significant role in shaping public opinion. If a college student in her first textbook encounter with Spencer or Sumner is told that they favored a ruthless social Darwinism, she is unlikely to be enthusiastic about reading these villains for herself. And should that student ever become a teacher, she will teach her students the same errors that were taught to her. Social Darwinism as that label has been applied to libertarian theory is sheer fabrication. For one thing, Spencer's approach to evolution, which he developed independently of Darwin, was essentially Lamarckian. Spencer, unlike Darwin, believed that some acquired characteristics are genetically transmitted from one generation to the next and he placed relatively little emphasis on the process of natural selection. This Lamarckian approach, despite its failures as a biological theory, is a better model of social development than its Darwinian counterpart. Humans do indeed build upon the acquired skills and accomplishments of preceding generations, as we see in language, the transmission of knowledge, technology, capital investments, social institutions, and the like. Both Spencer and Sumner used the phrase, survival of the fittest, and both men lived to regret it, because it made them easy targets for their critics. Spencer complained that his views were frequently distorted beyond recognition and in some cases deliberately so. I have had much experience in controversy, he wrote later in life, and my impression is that in three cases out of four, alleged opinions of mine condemned by opponents are not opinions of mine at all, but are opinions wrongly ascribed by them to me. Sumner became so frustrated by the same problem that he stopped using the phrase survival of the fittest altogether. It never appears in his later writings and speeches. It is largely owing to the survival of the fittest doctrine that Spencer and Sumner have been condemned as social Darwinists. Social Darwinists, we are told, were infused with a stern and implacable contempt for the poor, disabled, and disadvantaged. Those allegedly unfit persons who, by a law of nature, should give way in the struggle for existence to those who are more fit. It is a safe bet that if you consult a standard text on the history of ideas you will find this view, or a close approximation, attributed to Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner. The ideological purpose of this caricature is evident. The textbook assaults on Spencer and Sumner are intended to characterize the attitude of laissez-faire advocates in general. We have advanced, it is said, from the heartless dog-eat-dog attitude of social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics to the compassionate welfare policies of modern governments. We are told that the modern liberal, in contrast to the classical liberal or libertarian, cares about people more than profits, that he values human rights over property rights, and so on, until we drown in a sea of tiresome clichés. So what did Spencer and Sumner mean by survival of the fittest? Before I address this question, we need to be clear about what they did not mean. Spencer repeatedly emphasized that in using the terms fit and fittest in a social context, he was not expressing a value judgment, nor was he referring to a particular characteristic, such as strength, wealth, or intelligence, nor was he expressing any kind of approval or disapproval, nor was he referring to the biological competition to survive. This doctrine, wrote Spencer, is expressible in purely physical terms, which neither imply competition nor imply better and worse. Most importantly, survival of the fittest is not always the survival of the best. The law of survival of the fittest is not the survival of the better or the stronger, it is the survival of those which are constitutionally fittest to thrive under the conditions in which they are placed, and very often that which humanly speaking is inferiority causes the survival. In a social context, the fittest are those persons who are able to adapt to the survival requirements of their society. If, for example, a government decrees that all redheads shall be executed on the spot, then it follows that the persons best fitted for survival in such a society would be non-redheads, or those natural redheads who adapt by changing their hair color or shaving their heads. We can apply this survival of the fittest principle without condoning the penalty against redheads and without regarding non-redheads as superior people. It is a simple, inescapable fact. If a government kills redheads, then, other things being equal, you will have a better chance to survive, that is, you will be more fit under the specified conditions if you do not have red hair. This interpretation which treats survival of the fittest as a value-free description of what, in fact, does occur, rather than as a prescription or an approval of what ought to occur was also put forward by Sumner, who tried, in vain, as it turned out, to correct the distorted interpretations of his critics. At the meeting of the Liberal Union Club at which I read a paper, it seemed to me that there was some misapprehension in regard to the doctrine of the survival of the fittest. Such misapprehension is very common in spite of many efforts of the leading evolutionists to correct it. It is supposed that the doctrine is that the best survive. This is an error, and it forms the basis for all disputes about evolution and ethics. For the word best implies moral standards, a moral standpoint, et cetera, and if the doctrine were affirmed in that form it would not be scientific at all, but would be theological. For it would involve the notion that man is the end of creation and that his notions of things are the standard to which things must conform. The doctrine is that those survive who are fittest to survive. The idea expressed here was central to the sociological theories of Spencer and Sumner. Both believed that human beings respond to incentives and that they adapt to social conditions through the formation of their characters and habits. Both believed that character traits play a more important role in social interaction than do abstract beliefs and theories. Which character traits tend to develop in a given society depend a great deal on the social and political sanctions found in that society. That is, on what kind of behavior are encouraged or discouraged, rewarded or punished. Suppose a society rewards indolence and penalizes industry. In this case, according to Spencer, indolent people will tend to fare better than industrious people. The indolent, having adapted to the conditions of their society, will be more fit than the industrious who fail to adapt. This is the meaning of Spencer's oft-quoted remark, the ultimate result of shielding men from the effects of folly is to fill the world with fools. Thank you for listening to Excursions. To learn more about libertarian philosophy and history, visit www.libertarianism.org.