The challenge of climate change and decarbonisation of the economies is there. And nuclear, together with renewables and other sources of clean energy, will be part of the solution.


Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course Introduction to Paninian Grammar. In this lecture we are going to begin with the new topic called process of speech production as described in the Paninian grammar, but before that let us take a recap of what we have done so far in this course. And here are the most important points that we have discussed studied some in detail, some in a brief manner and they are presented to you on these slides. First we introduced ourselves to the basics of the tradition of Paninian grammar which continues even today that is the most important aspect it continues even today and it flows even today in spite of whatever happens in the external world whether the modern branches expand this tradition continues to flow and also continues to take with it the new developments. Then we studied salient features of the meta language of Paninian grammar we also looked at the difference between the object language and the meta language. The fundamental principle we learned in this study was that the word form is part of the meaning conveyed by a word and this is true about the meta language, but then as we shall see in the advanced course this principle gets applicable this principle gets applied even generally when we talk of language in general. Then we also studied the meaning of the cases in the meta language which is obviously based on the first principle stated above. Then we studied the technique of Pratyahar which is a unique technique developed in the meta language of Panini and has some similarities of the meaning of the word Pratyahar which is also used in let us say the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali as one of the eight limbs of Ashtanga Yoga. In this process of making the Pratyaharas we came across the term it then we studied this concept in detail we also studied the sutras 1.3.2 to 9 in this section and the study we studied closely the functions assigned to different sounds termed as ith. In the section 1.3.2 to 9 we also studied the method of making the meaning of a sutra how the words are continued in the subsequent sutras from the previous ones and how the cases of the words help contribute the construction of the meaning of a sutra these and several aspects we studied in the section 1.3.2 to 9 in which 1.3.2 to 1.3.8 are the sutras which assign the term ith to various kinds of sounds at different positions and sutra number 9 1.3.9 it states the deletion of the ith sound without any precondition. Amongst these sutras defining the term ith we also noted that the first sutra 1.3.2 Upadeshe Ajanonasika ith assigns the term ith to a vowel whereas from 1.3.3 to 1.3.8 the sutras assign the term ith to consonants amongst that we saw that 1.3.3 and 4 assign the term ith to a final consonant and the rest assign the term ith to the consonant or the consonant cluster that comes at the beginning position of the element in the initial enunciation Upadeshe. We studied closely the functions assigned to different sounds term ith. We studied theory as well as examples to understand how the ith sounds trigger different grammatical operations. We took several examples while study these examples we came across several important aspects of Paninian grammar and we noted that these are not the only functions of the ith sounds there are some more but we kept that part for an advanced course right now we noted down these functions as examples of how ith sounds trigger grammatical operations. What we noted during this process is that how important the meaning is then what is the derivation process described in the Paninian grammar the derivation process of words and then finally we will also see how the sentence is derived from words. Then the technique of substitution as a major device in the grammatical description done in the Paninian grammar this is also what we noted what it means is sounds get substituted in place of other sounds or groups of sounds also get substituted in place of other sounds sometimes or in place of sound groups some other times depending on the environment. So an environment is also necessary for the grammatical description in terms of substitution process this environment could be within a word or with a word or a sentence as well these environments could also be left hand side environments and also the right hand side environments in which the substitution process takes place. We also looked at the compositionality of word units and the accents words are composed of smaller units also known as prakriti or the root and pratyaya the suffix. Prakriti, pratyaya these are the groups of sounds grouped together because they convey one meaning unit. The derivation process begins with one element to which is added another element in the next step and more and more modifications happen until the output is reached and no further grammatical rule application is possible. This is what we have seen so far in this particular course. Now we need to study how this derivation process happens in the human speech apparatus. What aspects are involved in the process of speech production? What are the features of sounds that are produced? What are the principles involved in the substitution of one sound by another as described earlier and in order to do the study of all these points we need to study the process of speech production as stated by the paninian grammar. In order to study the process of speech production we need to study the original source in Sanskrit also known as paniniya siksha. Siksha is a genre of text dealing with primarily the phonetics as it is known today. Phonetics is a branch of learning which studies the production of sounds and their features for the purpose of linguistic communication. Some of the broad themes studied in this field are the places of articulation, the efforts of articulation and so on and we shall study some of these fields when we study this particular source. Let us first of all study the actual process of speech production described in paniniya siksha. So, this siksha text is related to paninian grammar and therefore it is called paniniya siksha. It is believed to have been written by panini by the tradition. So, here are the verses. The first verse is actually the third verse in the siksha text. This is relevant from the point of description of the process of speech production. It says, I repeat. In these verses, the process of speech production is described which can be also described in the following stages shown on this slide and in all there are eight stages that are described. Let us look at them one by one. The first stage is the second one is the third stage is and the fourth is the fifth is then the sixth one is the seventh is and eighth and final is Now, let us look at each one of them in detail. The first one is what does it mean? Let us study this in detail. So, here are four words in this line describing this first stage of the speech production. So, it consists of the word atma which is nothing but the soul as agreed upon by many of the Indian philosophical systems known as darshan. So, the nature of this soul is chetana or animate. The second word that we find in the line is buddhya which is the instrumental singular of 3 slash 1 of buddhi namely the intellect. So, buddhya stands for by the intellect. Then we have the word artha which is meaning and arthaan stands for to the meanings which is to slash 3. Samaithya means having made to go together or having collected. This word is formed with the proverb sum and a to the root e and the suffix here. Put together this sentence means soul having collected the meanings together. This is the first stage in the process of speech production as described in the paniniya siksha. Soul having collected the meanings together. What does this assume? What does this imply? Let us study this aspect in further details. What is the first assumption? The first assumption is that there is an entity called atma which is animate or chetana. This entity is the one who is the starting point of the process of speech production. This entity is described in the philosophy, Indian philosophy as non-dual or akarta in general. However, in the process of speech production this philosophical line is kept aside for the time being and that can be interpreted in a different manner later on when we do the advanced course. But here in this process, in this text atma is stated to be the direct producer of speech. So, this atma kick starts the process and propels other parts of the apparatus to produce the speech. What entails from this is that the responsibility of a speech form can be laid on the shoulders of the atma who produced it. That is the first and the foremost and the most important aspect. What it assumes next is that buddhi is also an important part in this apparatus and buddhi is the closest to the atma. Most importantly, buddhi is an important instrument for this atma. What is the nature of buddhi? And the nature of buddhi is the cognition as described in the Paninian grammatical tradition may not be explicitly stated in this text but that is how it is understood overall in the Paninian grammatical tradition. It is in this buddhi that the meanings are stored part of which can be assembled to start the process of speech production. That is what sametir carries. Now, using buddhi as an instrument, atma collects meanings in the buddhi itself. That is what is the second and important assumption. What about the arthas? So, this text assumes that artha or meaning is primarily an internal entity and it is also part of the cognitive apparatus. Where is artha located? It is located in the intellect whose nature is cognition. This is according to the Paninian grammatical tradition. This artha or these arthas can be collected or assembled by the atma using the intellect. In general, these arthas are tagged, also arranged and interlinked. So, there is in the intellect something that can be used that can be described using the concept of arthakasha coined by this instructor, the concept of arthakasha that exists in the intellect which is called for which triggers the operation of the process of speech production. Now, arthakasha is the space of artha or meaning can be generally also preferred to as semantic space. The human cognitive apparatus is the location of this arthakasha. Arthakasha is also of the form of cognition and we shall study this aspect in detail in the advanced level course. We shall also study the relation of this arthakasha with the lexicon and grammar as well. Different kinds of lexicon and the interrelation between the lexical items and arthakasha. This arthakasha expands our contracts and we can say that the cognition also expands and contracts close relation with it. This arthakasha can be said to be linked to the concept of shabdakasha, the space of the word which whose location is also the intellect or the cognition which is part of the human cognitive apparatus. Now, what is the collection of meanings? When it says atma buddhya sametya arthaan, soul having collected the meanings. What is it that the word sametya arthaan mean? What is the collection of meanings? It is nothing but extraction, extraction of combinations that is in the form of action and objects or objects and objects etc.  What this assumes is that the meanings are arranged in the cognitive apparatus in a structured manner. This is the most important aspect of the collection of meanings as the primary stage of the process of speech production. Then in the process of communication when the atma has to respond to a given situation in either a positive manner or a negative manner or neutral which is no response manner the appropriate meanings get collected. This is a very basic and primary stage of this process. Let me repeat in the process of communication when the atma has to respond to a given situation either in positive manner or in a negative manner or in a neutral or no response manner the appropriate meanings get collected obviously by the intellect in the intellect they are collected by this atma. Now this is a very basic and primary stage. What it means is what it also stands for is that whether such a collection of meanings should be processed further and given an expression in the form of an audible speech or not is a matter that comes next. But what is important is the collection of meanings the appropriate meanings to respond to a given situation as part of the communication that is the first important feature important stage whether this collection of meanings should be processed further and given an expression in the form of an audible speech or not is a matter that comes later on. If the speaker wants to express the meanings that are already collected then the process that is described here after continues and then the speech becomes audible. But if the speaker the atman does not want the further processing of this stage of collected meanings then the atman stops over here in this particular stage itself and we say that that we have thought about the response but we do not want to express it in audible speech. But the response is very much thought about and is available but is just kept in the cognitive apparatus pending for the actual audible speech to express it in terms of the process of communication that is very crucial. Now that stage can also be described in general in various ways. One can say that response is thought about but one needs more time to refine it or it can also be interpreted as a situation where the response gets suppressed. It can also be the fact that this thought-out response can never be refined in the course of time. But if the concentration is more the response does get refined in the course of time and then later on probably it may move on to the next stage of the production. However if that does not happen then we say that that thought-out response got evaporated in thin air in the course of time. Probably that response was not so important or was not given importance by the speaker. One who wants the expression of the thought-out response collection of meanings may process it further for the expression and for that expression the Atma could use various means for examples gestures or hand signs or written symbols and the most efficient amongst them all namely the speech sounds in order to express the collection of meanings done in the intellect as the first stage. Once the decision to use the speech sounds for the expression is made then obviously the next step is taken. That is in a nutshell what all is assumed from this first description namely Atma-Buddhya-Sametya-Arthaan the soul having collected the meanings together. What is the next step then? The next step is Mano-Yunkte-Vivakshaya. This soul then enjoins the mind with the desire to speak that is the next step and we shall study in detail what this assumes and what this stands for in the next lecture. To close this lecture we will recite the Mangala Charana once again from Siddhanta Kavmudhi and this is the Mangala Charana that appears at the beginning of the Uttar Ardha the second part and this follows the tradition described by Patanjali in his Mahabhashya where he says This is the Madhyamangala that we are reciting now. It reads like this and I will read it again and lastly the five sutras These are taken from 3, 3, 1, 2, 5. The first one is and I read them for you I repeat Thank you for your attention


This study aimed to identify the components of post-diagnostic dementia support by exploring the perspectives of key stakeholders through interviews, focus groups, and observation in England and Wales. The study identified 20 distinct components related to five themes, timely identification and management of needs, understanding and managing dementia, emotional and psychological well-being, practical support, and integrating support. These findings offer an empirically-based framework to inform the development and delivery of holistic, integrated, and continuous dementia care from diagnosis to end of life. This article was authored by Claire Bamford, Alice and Wheatley, Greta Brunskill, and others.


Item Number – SCP-594 Object Class – Euclid Special Containment Procedures – SCP-594 is kept at Bio-Research Sector 1, located on 54 km2 of Mountainous Rangeland, located 35 km from Alaska. Officially, Sector 1 is listed as a munitions factory and testing facility. The perimeter fences and access gates are monitored remotely at all times, with two level 2 guards posted at each gate in 8-hour shifts. All fencing-enclosed paddocks have static dischargers placed at 2 cm intervals. Main research enclosure and pens are to be cleaned on a daily basis to avoid buildup of excrement and allow for necessary repairs. Due to possible electrocution hazard, the following procedures are to be observed when interacting with SCP-594. All metallic items and electrical devices, including wristwatches and jewelry, must be removed and placed within provided plastic containers prior to donning protective gear. Prior to entering paddock, staff are advised to wear at minimum Tesla armor, heavy-duty work gloves, ear protection, goggles, and rubber-sold boots. Also, staff are advised to keep on-hand tobacco products, specifically skull-style chewing tobacco, or pipe tobacco, candies, dried fruit, or good quality alcohol as a treat for 5941. Holding pens and fences are to be kept properly maintained at all times. Wool of mature adults, two years and older, is to be kept shorn to a length of 2 mm by ceramic shears twice yearly, and bailed in anti-static bags, with strict adherence to guidelines set out in document No 594S. Under no circumstances are shears with electrical motors to be used for shearing. Exceptions are 5941 and 5942, who are to be rude, loose wool plucked out by hand, as per guidelines under document No 5941-2A, and no attempts at shearing be made on either animal. Due to the nature of SCP-594, specifically 5942, all personnel with contact to SCP-594 and its byproducts may be subject to full cavity searches, and all personnel must submit to pat-down search and metal detector scan before leaving the enclosure. Feeding of the approved formulated grain hay mix, outlined in document No 594F, is to be done twice daily, with fresh water and mineral licks made readily available around all parts of the enclosure. Foraging and grazing outside of regular feedings are to be carefully monitored. Description Discovered in the Altai Mountains during a routine fact-finding mission, SCP-594 is a flock of feral sheep of an unknown breed, resembling a wild Argali sheep in general build, with a thick fleece like that of a domestic marino, around 135 cm at the shoulder, and weighing 195 kg on average. Gestation in reproductive cycles are similar to most domesticated sheep, with ewes reaching sexual maturity at 6-8 months of age, and rams at 4-6 months. They enter a rut twice annually, typically in late spring and early autumn, but breeding can occur year round. Most ewes give birth to a single lamb or twins, with triplets being exceedingly rare, 2% of all recorded births to date. The only documented case of triplets which survived to full maturity is 5941 and his siblings, 5942 and 5943. General coloration ranges from pure white to dark blue-gray wool, with a metallic sheen appearing once they've reached full maturity, typically 2 years of age. Only three animals, the aforementioned triplets, display atypical wool colors. Both sexes have horns, with uncastrated males having spiraling horns measuring 190 cm in length, the largest documented span belonging to 5942, at a length of 247.4 cm. Females and weathers have curved horns, measuring 20 cm. The horns, hooves, and wool of older animals have unusually high concentrations of ferrous metals, along with traces of gold alloys. Examinations of newly butchered animals have revealed that SCP-594's skeleton also has large amounts of ferrous metals present within the bone matrix. The sheep are highly aggressive and territorial in nature, and often attack unfamiliar personnel without warning or provocation. They will continue to behave in this manner until steps are taken to properly placate 5941, which is normally done by giving it treats, such as tobacco or candies. Once this is done, the flock will become docile and behave like normal domestic sheep. The exceptions to this pacifying behavior are 5942 and 5943, as outlined in the addendum on each. In contrast to adults, lambs typically are very easy to handle and display curiosity towards new objects and people in the paddock, often attempting to play with personnel, but will flee if threatened. The sound of a panicked lamb will cause nearby adults to attack violently, so caution is to be taken not to spook lambs. Lambs also show a tendency to form attachments to certain humans, often following them around the paddock and begging for food or attention. This is especially noticeable among bottle-reared lambs. Such attachments often last even after sheep has reached maturity, as seen in the case of 5942 and Dr. Maryweather. At present, the flock numbers 1314 mature sheep, plus 448 lambs and immature sheep, with selective culling of unwanted animals annually after the rutting season to maintain these numbers. The only animals exempt from culling are 5941, 5942, and 5943, or any lambs exhibiting similar traits. Deviation from the 1314 slash 448 pattern for more than a year's time will cause all mature lambs to data expunged. Failure to follow the pattern for two years during preliminary research resulted in the deaths of D-Class personnel and researchers, as well as near breach of containment by 5942. The defining characteristic of the sheep is that they are able to generate a substantial amount of static electricity simply by the friction caused during daily activities. The resultant charge is typically discharged at random, with mature specimens producing arc flashes that have been recorded at 1,000 amps or more. Due to the electrocution hazard, personnel interacting with SCP-594 are advised to follow guidelines fully outlined in Document 5944H. When faced with a threat, the flock will become highly agitated, and mature ewes will attempt to form a ring around any lambs, rubbing their bodies together to generate an even greater static charge between them. Because this defensive behavior is especially pronounced when ewes are birthing, it is standard procedure to isolate all pregnant ewes and newborn lambs from the rest of the flock, until a week after birthing. In addition to defense against predators, lambs also appear to use their discharges as a type of dominance display, with the older and stronger lambs able to produce more powerful discharges during their dance. When in rut, lambs will fight against themselves, performing the stomping dances prior to engaging rivals. These dances are often accompanied by excessive discharges, resulting in a rapid ionization of air, and giving SCP-594 its local name, Thunder Sheep. Ground sensors have also detected telleric currents during these dances, with older lambs creating extremely complicated patterns that often resemble data expunged. Fremartans, ewes which are behaviorally masculine and lack functional ovaries, will also perform stomping dances, but the patterns produced, while equally as complicated, show a marked difference from those created by lambs. To date, weathers have not been observed to engage in this behavior. Another trait exhibited by SCP-594 is an inherent ability to walk on air, or more accurately, levitate themselves. At a distance on average of 2-4 meters vertically, via manipulation of electromagnetic fields, lambs and younger animals have a tendency to lose control mid-flight, often falling from high cliffs, which can result in death of the animal. This may be the way the flock called out weaker animals in the wild, but more research is needed. Research has been done on the properties of SCP-594 wool, milk, meat, and horn. Results of these tests are pending full documentation. However, the meat, milk, and result in dairy products have proven to be fit for human consumption. Approval to include thunder mutton, and various cheeses made from the milk of SCP-594 in the Foundation's standardized menu, is still pending. Data pending. Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-593, Contagious Enumeracy, right now. Or for the complete course, watch this playlist.


New wonderful old Dutch cleanser, the only cleanser made with activated seismotite invites you to stand by for Nick Carter, master detective. Today's Nick Carter adventure starring Lon Clark, the case of the vanishing weapon. I Dorothy, take the wane to my lawful wedded husband to love, honor and cherish. Darling, please let's move back from the edge. High place has always frightened me and... Wait! No! I Emily, take the wane to my lawful wedded husband to love, honor and cherish. Don't keep swimming away from me, wane him! And the case of the vanishing weapon, brought to you by new wonderful old Dutch cleanser. It's 4.20 in the afternoon of an extremely warm day. Driving back to the city, Nick and Patsy meet a car rushing toward them at top speed on the left side of the road. It's a woman. She's gonna hit us. Oh, Nick! She ran right into us. I couldn't get out of her way because of that fence, but at least we avoided a head-on collision. She only struck the back end of the car. I wonder if she's hurt. Come on, let's see. Nick, she carried off your car right smack into that tree. She must have been ill. I saw her just before we crashed, slumped over the wheel. There she is. Oh, Nick, she was thrown to the windshield. Yeah, she's pretty bad shape. She seems to be conscious though. I can't. Can you hear me? I can't.  You're going to be all right.  What did you say? For the insurance. I know it. I found out too late. Nick, she wasn't delirious. She knew what she was saying. Do you think her husband really killed her? I don't know, Patsy, but I'm gonna make it my business to find out. In just a moment, we'll return to the case of the vanishing weapon. Today's adventure with Nick Carter. Thrilling new cleaning discovery. Yes, to give you faster, easier cleaning than any other cleanser, we've activated seismotide in old Dutch cleanser. When there's a sink to clean, a touch of old Dutch cleanser works dazzling magic. Just see new sudsing old Dutch cleanser go to work. It dissolves grease on contact. Quickly, easily, its sudsing action sweeps away dirt and stains. Snowy white old Dutch cleanser cleans fast, safe, sure. Leaves no gritty sediment, rinses away completely, doesn't clog drains. Get two cans of old Dutch cleanser. One for the kitchen, one for the bathroom. Old Dutch cleanser, the only cleanser made with activated seismotide. Now back to the case of the vanishing weapon. Today's adventure with Nick Carter. Brought to you by new wonderful old Dutch cleanser. It is a short time later. Nick and Patsy are talking with the chief of police of Elm City. The town the dead woman lived in. Well, that's a story, chief. I've given you her exact words. I've known Kay Bolton since she was little girl. Do you know her husband, too? Sure. He came here from out west some place, I understand. They've been married long? About a year, I guess. Kay was a widow with a good farm, a little money in the bank. I guess Bolton knew the good thing. When he seen it, he just swept her right off her feet. What did her family think about it? She don't have no family except her brother. He was away at the time. You see, he builds bridges. I see. That chief, did you notice that the windows in Mrs Bolton's car were all shut up tight? A day like this must have been sweltering in there. Yeah, it would be. Well, Kay had hay fever kind of bad. I heard her say many times she'd rather roast than sneeze her head off from the pollen in the air. Yes, but that's no reason to have the heater on. The heater? Yeah. When I examined the wreck, I noticed that the heater was on full blast. She jumped over the wheel as though she were unconscious just before the collision. Maybe she passed out from the heat. Well, now that don't make sense, Miss Bowen. If it was that bad, seems like even Kay would stop and cool off hay fever or no. I think she would. But suppose she were unconscious from carbon monoxide fumes or something. You mean Bolton might have done something to the exhaust pipe so them fumes go inside? Maybe. But she wasn't unconscious when you got to her? No, but the shock of the wreck could have snapped her out of it. Look, Chief, suppose we don't say anything about our suspicions until after we talk to her husband. Yeah. Yeah, and let him think he's put it over on us, huh? And I'll have the autopsy performed as soon as we get back to town. Yeah, but you'll need the husband's permission, won't you? And he'll never give it if he's guilty. Well, you've got something there, Miss Bowen. Well, nevertheless, let's try it anyway. Maybe we can learn something from his reaction when we suggest that autopsy. And I'll have seen nothing doing until he's suffered enough already. Just a minute, Bolton. Kay was my sister as well as your wife. And if the chief thinks an autopsy would serve any useful purpose, I'm in favor of it. That's what useful purpose? An autopsy would, sure, whether there was anything in her system that would make her unconscious. What difference does it make? She's dead. The autopsy won't bring her back. Did she have any insurance, Mr. Bolton? Yes, we had a joint policy for $20,000 payable to the survivor. I never discussed it. Well, you get it, Bolton. Kay wrote me she'd made a new will after she married you, leading you everything. I didn't know. Well, there won't be any autopsy, and that's final. As Kay's brother, I have something to say about that. And if there's any suspicion that her death wasn't accidental, do you have any reason to think that, Mr. McEwen? Well, why else would you want an autopsy? And why would you want to know who benefits by your death? If there's any doubt, I want it cleared up. And you should, too, Bolton. Well, then just sign this paper, given your consent. I... Very well. Give it here. There you are. Mr. Bolton, I don't like to butt in, but I can't find the housekeeper. She went to her room, Sam. She's all upset. Oh. Well, Mr. Mc, that five gallons of ice cream Mr. Bolton got for the party tomorrow, she didn't put in the deep freeze, and it's all melted. I was wondering... Throw it out. Do anything you want with it. Only get out of here and go back to your work. Who's that, chief? That's Sam Webb, the hired hand. What you doing here, chief? Ain't nothing wrong, is it? Yes, Sam. It's Mrs. Bolton. She's dead. No. Rake the car, did she? What makes you think that? Well, I... Just the first thing that popped into my head, I guess. Besides, I... I thought she wasn't in no condition to drive when she came out to the barn and drove off. What? You mean she was ill? Oh, no, ma'am. She was mad. If you ask me, folks can't keep their mind on their driving when they're like that. What were you doing in the barn? I thought I told you to mend that fence at the bottom of the West Pasture. Well, I finished up early, Mr. Bolton. So I thought I'd clean out the stalls and do some repairing. I was there when you come in. Sam, did Mrs. Bolton tell you what she was angry about? No, sir, but she was good and mad. Oh, it wasn't anything, Mr. Carter. Bolton was late getting back with the car and she had an appointment in Elm City. She was mad because she was going to be late. I couldn't help being late. I was delayed. Was there a quarrel, Mr. Bolton? Of course not. Kay was always flying off the handle, but it didn't mean anything. I sent Mack out to the car for the rest of the supplies I'd bought back while I tried to talk her out of it, but I couldn't. I see. Well, thanks for giving her consent to the autopsy, Mr. Bolton. May I answer some very important questions? Carter, Miss Boyd.  I was down at the Blaine Garage till six o'clock this morning. Oh, did the mechanic find anything suspicious? Well, the car was smashed up pretty bad, but he swears the wreck didn't affect nothing that could have caused the accident. Did he check the steering gear, the brakes? Yeah, in the muffler too. Nothing had been tampered with. And the autopsy showed absolutely no trace of carbon monoxide in her lungs or blood. No other poisonous gas for that matter. I don't know if you're wrong about Bolton doing it. Maybe she did fall asleep at the wheel. No, I doubt that, chief. Anyone who was as upset and angry as Sam said Mrs. Bolton was just wouldn't doze off. Are you still trying to make out it was more than an accident, are you? Oh, we're sure it was. Well, now, if Bolton caused that wreck without tampering with the car and without drugging her in any way, he's committed a perfect crime, a murder without a single clue. I wouldn't say that, chief. In this case? Such as what? Well, why was Sam so sure she'd been killed in an auto wreck? Why should her dying words have been about murder for insurance? And why was she driving with the heater turned off? Okay, if you're looking for unexplained facts, what about the ice cream? Well, what about it? Well, now Bolton brought that back from town at four o'clock. Uh-huh. And when we was there at 7.30, it was all melted according to Sam. Well, that's only natural. The housekeeper forgot to put it in a deep freeze. Miss Bolton, we get them five gallon containers for picnics and such. We get them early in the morning. And they're still as hard as a rock when we eat supper. All right, George, that's it. Huh? What's what? That's what killed Mrs. Bolton. The weapon that vanished into thin air. Vanished? Literally and completely, without leaving a trace. What? Well, then there's no way of proving it is there. Unless we can get a confession and anybody smart enough to think of a scheme like that won't be easily bluffed. Now, Locato, where would you get a weapon that would vanish that way? At your local creamery, just as Bolton did. Oh, Nick, you're not saying that Mrs. Bolton was murdered with five gallons of ice cream? No. But if it wasn't for that ice cream, she'd be alive right now. Oh, Nick. Come on, let's drive out to the farm. Now I've got something to work on. I know, Carter. I carried that container of ice cream into the house from the car without opening it. But Bolton... Yes, McEwen? Were you going to say something? Well, uh, only that when I went through the kitchen to get the other things out of the car, I noticed that the seal on the container was broken. Well, I didn't break it. Perhaps the hotkeeper... Uh, no, Mr. Bolton, I asked her. She was upstairs at the time. Well, what's the ice cream got to do with it anyway, Mr. Carter? Plenty, McEwen. Those five gallon containers are in two sections. One for the ice cream itself and one that holds dry ice to keep it from melting. So what? Did you ever notice how drowsy you get in the crowded room with the air stale? Oh, sure. That's because the oxygen in the air has been used up. And replaced with carbon dioxide, which people have exhaled. That's what happens when we breathe. Are you into the point, Carter? All right, I will. When I examined your car just after the wreck, Mr. Bolton, I found a few small pieces of dry ice in the heater. Dry ice is nothing but carbon dioxide in a solid form. In the heater of your wife's car, it melted fast and flooded the car with carbon dioxide.  And that's why she went to sleep at the wheel. That's fantastic. You think somebody took the dry ice out in the container and put it in the heater of the car to... To make her wreck the car and kill herself. Yeah, Mr. Bolton, that's exactly what we think. Then it must have been Mac. Why, that's a lie. You went through the kitchen when I left the ice cream and then went out to the car for the rest of the things. You must have opened the package and... Are you accusing me of murdering my own sister? It had to be you. Nobody else could have done it. No. Well, who got her to take out that insurance policy? Who inherits this farm and everything else she owns? That doesn't mean... I don't get anything out of her death, and I don't want to. But you get plenty. Now, calm down, Mac. Calm down. She was all I had. And he killed her. He killed her. He did not! You did it yourself! And now you're trying to... All right, all right. Hold it. Hold it. I know how we can find out who put that dry ice in the heater. How? Ask Sam, your hired man. Sam? What would he know about it? He was in the barn from the time you drove in with the ice cream, Mr. Bolton, until your wife left about 10 minutes later. Dry ice melts fast, very fast. To be effective, it'd have to be put in something during the 10 minutes. Sure. You're right, Mr. Carter. Sam must have seen him putting that stuff in the heater. That's why he figured Kay was killed in a wreck. Yeah, maybe he didn't think nothing of it at the time, but afterwards he realized what he saw. And then maybe he figured he could get paid for not talking. Well, he'll talk now. He'll talk or I'll break him in two. All right, no, no, Mac.  Patsy and I will go talk with Sam. And after we do, chief, I think you'll have a new border with the county jail. Nick, you didn't really find any dry ice in the heater of that car, did you? Why, of course not, Patsy. I told you I'd have to bluff. Yeah, but if Sam did see something, it won't be a bluff any longer. Oh, yes it will. You may have seen something, but he couldn't tell what was actually going on inside the car from back in the stalls where he was working. No, no, I guess not. Well, maybe we can use Sam's testimony to frighten the killer when they're giving himself away. Oh, here, this must be Sam's check. Uh-huh. He must be here. We know he's nowhere else on the farm. Yeah. Well, let's see if the door's locked. No, it isn't drawn in. Right. Oh, Nick, look. They're on the floor. Oh, that's Sam. Nick, he's dead, isn't he? Yeah, shot through the head. Probably sometime last night. Look around the floor, see if you can find an empty cartridge. Right. If he was killed with an automatic, there's a chance the empty shell's on the floor somewhere. Well, if it is, I'll find it. Here. Here's something. What is it? Somebody knelt down beside the body. There's a perfect knee print in this smear of blood. You can even see the weave of the material the trousers were made of. Some sort of coarse tweed. Nick, I found it. The cartridge shell? Yes, it was under the table. Here. Now we can really get down to business. Yes, this time we've got a weapon that can't vanish into thin air. An empty cartridge case. The first bit of concrete evidence the wife killer has left in a series of five murders. But Nick still faces the problem of proving his guilt. We'll see what happens in just a moment. An important announcement. Coming next week on Nick Carter, Old Dutch Cleanser's big new contest. Listen so you can get an early start in this easy, fascinating contest that pays off with loads of valuable prizes. And remember, we've activated Seismatite in Old Dutch Cleanser. It's amazing. Sudzing action sweeps away dirt and stains, cuts grease on contact, cleans fast, save sure, leaves no gritty sediment, rinses away completely, saves you time and work, helps you keep your house at its shining best. New Sudzing Old Dutch Cleanser is at your grocers now in the same familiar package. Get two cans tomorrow. One for the kitchen, one for the bathroom. Old Dutch Cleanser, the only cleanser made with activated Seismatite. Now back to the case of the vanishing weapon. Today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by Old Dutch Cleanser. At the farmhouse, Nick and the chief are trying to find the automatic with which Sam webbed the boltons hired hand was killed. Mac has admitted owning such a gun and they've gone to his room to get it. There you are, Mr. Carter. But I swear I haven't touched that gun since I came back two weeks ago. Did Bolton know where you kept it, Mac? Well, I don't know, chief, but it wouldn't have been hard to find. I didn't even know he had a gun. Well, this is a .38. Sam was killed with a .32. A .32? Then Bolton must have used Kay's gun. What are you talking about? Kay didn't know the gun.  She had a .32 automatic for years. She kept it at her bedside table and you know it. Yeah, it's not true. You can come and look for yourself, chief. Our room is right across the hall, but she won't find any gun there. No, don't expect to, not now. Oh, well, here's your gun, Mac. Oh, thanks, Mr. Carter. But Kay did have a gun. Charlie must have seen it hundreds of times. Don't worry, don't worry. We'll get at the truth. There, look for yourself. Do you see a gun in that drawer? Kay wouldn't have a gun in the house. All right, let's forget about that for a minute. Who owns a Tweed suit? A Tweed suit, Mr. Carter. Why? We found evidence proving that Sam's killer was wearing a suit, of course, Tweed at the time of the murder. You have one? Oh, I know. Neither do I. Well, you shouldn't have said that, Bolton. I've seen you wearing a Tweed suit a hundred times. Well, I... I did have a Tweed suit, but Kay gave it away last week. It was worn out. Oh, she gave it, too. I don't know. She didn't say that. Why, Bolton, I saw that suit hanging in your closet only yesterday. I'll bet it's there right now. What's gone? Naturally. Of course it is. Any fool would know enough to get rid of a piece of evidence like that. I tell you, I haven't had it for over a week. Wait a minute. You went down in the cellar carrying a bundle this morning, Bolton. That was the garbage. Mrs.  The bundle you had was wrapped in newspaper. It was not. It was the paper bag. And then I heard the furnace door.  You know that. Bolton, suppose we take a look in that furnace and see what else you was burning. Here's another scrap of Tweed that didn't burn. That's part of your suit, ain't it, Bolton? Yes, but I didn't put it there. Mac did it. He's spraving me. Oh, sure, sure. He is, I tell you. Everything you found could have been done by him, couldn't it? He could have put that dry ice in the car heater as well as me. He could have shot Sam and put that suit in the furnace.  The shoehorn. He's twice big as you are. And I never owned a Tweed suit in my life. Anyway, the knee print by Sam's body had exactly the same weave as this Tweed that was burned in the furnace. Wait a minute. Uh, did you find something else, Nick? I'll say I did down among the ashes. Look, that's it. That's Kay's gun. I never saw that gun before in all my life. Any fingerprints on it, Carter? Afraid not, Chief. The hole outside is burned clean. Yes, but a ballistic test will show if it's the gun that Sam was killed with. Won't it, Nick? Without a doubt. Even if it's the same gun, that doesn't prove anything. Well, here's something that does, Bolton. A perfect set of fingerprints. Prints? Well, I thought you said the gun was burned clean. The outside was, yes. But there's a fine set here on the cartridge clip. I thought they might have been overlooked. That's smart thinking, Carter. How come the cartridges didn't explode in the fire, Nick? The clip's empty, Patsy. But the prints are nice and clear. They're not my prints. I never saw that gun. Yeah, well, now I'll just take that clip over to the county seat and let the fingerprint man there have a look at him. Oh, uh, if you don't mind, Chief, I'd rather take this to the fingerprint lab in the city. Huh? What's the matter with Joe Parker over at the county seat? Well, he may be perfectly all right, but... Well, look, let me have my own way. Will you please? I'll stay at the hotel in Elm City tonight, drive into the city tomorrow, and have a report you can depend on before tomorrow evening. Oh! Now, okay, keep the blame clip. And you, Bolton, come on.  They're a fine target under that bed lamp. MacEwan? What are you doing here? I came to get something that belongs to me. That clip with the fingerprints on it. What? And those are your prints. Bolton was telling the truth. You killed Sam. Sure, I did. I couldn't let him tell about seeing me put that dry ice in a heater of Kay's car, could I? And he said he had been in the barn at the time, and I had to get rid of him. And all the evidence against Bolton. You planted it yourself. Why not? Somebody had to be the patsy. I could see you suspected him already. Nobody knew I had that 32. So I said it belonged to Kay. And who can prove that it didn't? And you planted it in the furnace for us to find, together with a tweed suit. Sure. That suit was the smartest part of the whole frame-up. Kay gave it to Sam. He was hanging right there in front of me when I shot him. But you couldn't have worn it. It was too small for you. No. But I could wrap it around my knee and then make a print in that blood stain, couldn't I? Didn't tell you I saw Bolton trying to burn it. You thought of everything, didn't you? Everything but that cartridge clip with my fingerprints on it. Where is it, Carter? Or do I put a bullet in your head? All right, you win. It's in the left-hand top dresser drawer. Wrapped in a handkerchief. Yeah? Thanks for making it easy. First, we'll wipe these plants out. And then, Mr. Carter, I'm afraid I'll have to get rid of you. Now, hold on, McEw, and you've destroyed the proof against you, and I'll let it go to that. I can't let you talk about this little visit. Look, McEw, and don't do that.  I said I was going to get rid of you, and I am. So... As McPointe has gone at Nick's head and pulls the trigger, he stands only a few feet away, too close to miss. We'll see what happens in just a moment. Here's a wash-day tip. Keep your washer sparkling clean inside and out with wonderful new sudsing old Dutch cleanser. Yes, a touch of old Dutch cleanser cuts grease on contact, sweeps away dirt and stains almost like magic. You'll be amazed at the new sudsing action of old Dutch cleanser. Snowy white, leaves no gritty sediment, rinses away completely. It's been granted the good housekeeping seal. Yes, ladies, for faster, easier cleaning than you've dreamed possible, switch to new sudsing old Dutch cleanser, the only cleanser made with activated seismotite. And next week, old Dutch cleanser's wonderful new contest starts. Easy to enter, easy to win. It's loads of fun with loads of valuable prizes. Hear all about this sensational new contest you may win next week on Nick Carter. Now for the conclusion of the case of the vanishing weapon. Today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by new wonderful old Dutch cleanser. In Nick's hotel room, he faces a killer with a gun who says, I said I was going to get rid of you and I am. So... Oh!  Under the bed close. Sorry, Mac, I tried to warn you. I'm okay, Patsy. But our friend here is a bullet in his arm. Come on in. I think you're all down a shorthand. Nick, the microphone picked up every morning said. You mean this was a trap? You bet it was. See, I expected you to come for that cartridge clip. If my gun hadn't jammed... It didn't jam. I took all the bullets out of it when I examined it out at the farmhouse today. But I couldn't be sure you hadn't discovered that and reloaded it, so I had to shoot first. What's the matter there? Who fired that gun? What's going on? Everything's under control. Call the chief of police, will you? Sure, Mr. Carter, sure. I'll get him here in two shakes. Where's your proof, Carter? My fingerprints aren't on the cartridge clip anymore. Your confession before two witnesses has proven not, McEwen. And as for those fingerprints, I was bluffing you. Why, you... So far as I know, there weren't any prints on that clip. How did you know Wayne McEwen killed his sister and Sam Webb? Well, I was pretty sure of it. From the moment we found out how McEwen's sister was killed. Done that? Mm-hmm. Furthermore, every bit of evidence we had against Bolton came directly from McEwen. Uh, chief, did you find out why he killed his sister? Yeah, he told us all about it at the jailhouse.  Oh, then he was the one Mrs. Bolton was talking about just before she died. Right, Patsy. Yeah, but how'd she ever find out about this? McEwen says she was cleaning up his room the day before she was killed, and she came across some of his private papers that he'd forgotten to put away. She didn't know he'd been married at all, so when she found her marriage certificate, she got curious. Oh. And what she found in the rest of the stuff gave her a pretty good idea of what had been going on. Then that night she accused him of killing the two girls, and he admitted it. When he asked her what she was going to do about it, she said she hadn't made up her mind. But if I'd been in her place, I'd have turned him over to the police. Oh, she wanted to, Miss Bolton, but he was her only brother, and she couldn't quite make up her mind to do it. But McEwen didn't have to take any chances. So he killed it. Yeah, he was pretty clever about it, too. He almost got away with it. Yeah. But when he killed Sam, he outsmarted himself. Well, you know the old saying, Nick. Give a killer enough rope and he'll hang himself. So he will, Patsy. So he will. Every time. Okay, Patsy, that's all for now. You better go home and change. Remember, we're meeting Bill and his wife at 7.30 for dinner. Well, how about after dinner? I want to know how to dress. Well, Bill said something about taking in an amusement park and ending up with a boat ride on the river in the morning. Oh, hold on. Take it easy, Carter. Hey, for heaven's sake, Patsy. I'm using an amusement park boat ride. Redhead's penicillin. Okay, I get it. I don't want to end up at the bottom of the river just because the ticket seller was a beautiful redhead who posed as a man. Hey, hold on, Patsy. Let's tell about that adventure next week. We'll call it the case of the Perloin penicillin. Ladies, have you discovered del rich margarine? Delicious rich del rich makes friends at first taste. Full flavored. It's the perfect spread for bread rolls toast. Try del rich in your cooking and baking, too. Good, mighty economical. Only del rich gives you the original easy color pack, the easy modern way to color margarine. And where state laws permit, ask for del rich in golden yellow quarters. Del rich, America's new favorite. Del for delicious, rich for rich full flavor. Get del rich margarine tomorrow for del rich makes friends at first taste. Nick Carter, master detective, is presented each week at this same time with a kuddehy packing company. It is produced and directed by Jock McGregor and is copyrighted by Street and Smith Publications Incorporated. Lawn Clark is starred as Nick and Charlotte Manson is featured as Patsy. Today's script was written by Jim Parsons with original music played by Henry Silverne. This program is fictional and any resemblance to actual persons living or dead is purely coincidental. This is Michael Fitzmorris saying, when minutes count, use new wonderful old Dutch cleanser. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


Ychwanegwch i'n gwelwch am y glwyddon i'r Hwyl Blydgolig i Slefania i'r Prathysgol Ffasilies Ieol, mae'n gwybod yn yw'r ffordd o'n ddod. Mae'n gweithio'n ddiddordeb hynny i gydag. Rwy'n arddangos o'r clwb gyda'r hyn Yrddangos yn ei gael'r clwb Cys, ac mae'n gweithio ar y celf, rydyn ni'n ddiddorol gyda'r cyffredin. Mae'n mynd i'r credu sy'n ddiddorol gyda'r clwb gyda'r best. Felly, rwy'n golyg am dwy o'r gweithio y gallan niol ar hyn i ymddangos, i2-10 a rwy'n golygu'r fan i4-10. A rwy'n golygu'r fan i'r newydd, PXG Cask Club, y 0211. Rwy'n golygu'n test ar hyn o'r trackman ac rwy'n golygu'n cytuno'r cyflwyni ac mae'n golygu'r ddifrif yn ymddangos yma ar hyn o'r cyflwyni. Fe hwnna'n gwybod yma'r cyflwyni. Y ddweud eich bod yw'r unig o'r ddaeth yn ddechrau'r gwneud yn trach yma. Ono, ydych chi'n credu i gael i'r ddaeth i ddweud o lwthau yma? Ddych chi'n credu i gaelio'n ddweud. Y 410 yw'n ddweud eich drwngol a'r lwthau o 30 oed. Mae'r Prxg yn 31 oed ar lwthau. Ac mae'n ddweud eich llwthau 33 oed. Rhaid i'r trwng yn ddweud a'r i210. Oedd y rhaid i chi'n credu i'r ddweud eich ddweud eich ddweud yma, is that the longer club is naturally going to be the 410 PXG next and obviously into the I210s as being the shorter in terms of distance. They're all made up difference in terms of what they're expecting to do, maybe aimed at slightly different players, I don't know. We'll talk about their sort of head and shape profile, who they might appeal to, all claimed to give excellent feel, sound and forgiveness and we'll measure that out on the course, at least I'll give you my opinion from out on the course.  Right, okay, so the first thing we want to talk about here on the course is how these things look and how they differ in terms of visually, in terms of their appearance. Start off with the G410, it's a typical cavity back cast iron that we've seen from Ping for many years. It's on the bulky side, you can see the offset and addressed in terms of the colourings and the markings. I think that's very much a preference, a personal preference. I think it's an okay looking club. I think again from the testings that I've done in the past, the one issue I have with this significant issue is the feel or ultimately the sound that comes off the G410. I'm not a fan of that whatsoever. The big positive has been the performance, again a very big sweet spot if you like, got some great distances out of it. It's the longest in the test and as you'd expect it to be down to the loft but it has a great ball flight and no issues for me when I've played out on the course or many times in the original testing in getting this ball to stop as well. We then talk about the I210 and again completely different what they've achieved in this cast club and for me the one big difference is first of all is the feel and sound. I think it's an elastomer insert or something or other that Ping call this is inside. Basically it's a dampen sound and soften the feel and they've done that tremendously well. I like the look of the club. It doesn't take every box visually for me. I'd say it's a good looking club without being superb visually. It's smaller, more compact and again doesn't look to have any or very little offset address and again a more compact overall iron profile but that takes a lot of boxes for me in terms of address and sound and feel. You've then got the 0211 from PXG once again looks is very much a personal thing. I like this brush chrome finish. It takes boxes in that sense and address again they've done something very clever which you've mentioned on the irons before in the individual testing. This chamfered top line gives the visual appearance at least of a thin top line but there is mass and bulk there to give us that assistance and again in terms of numbers once again with the I210s come out slightly shorter and this one sits somewhere in the middle and that's all relative to loft but I think with all three clubs what they do really really well is the ball flight on them is superb and although sometimes a little low in terms of what spin says in terms of a trackman numbers or launch monitor numbers I've never seen that to be an issue with any of these clubs out there on the course. So what I'm going to do is going to hit some balls. I've put a bit of a gap in there that's relative to the distance we recorded on trackman and I'm going to have a little pop into this part three seventh hole royal bed golf club. I'm laughing there because this backdrop is absolutely awesome and what a great place to test some golf clubs out. Now three shots hit all a slightly different yardage and to be fair to the I210 it actually seems to be performing slightly longer really in the 33 degrees in terms of loft suggests just to see how those three finished left with the I210 and again perhaps a little bit long slightly down the right hand bunker for the PXG 0211 but I think the number is right and again that final ball there with the G410 is about six foot from the flag and again good strike good ball flight is clearly the longer out of these three clubs but like I said we pretty much expect that from the loft. Three shots three different yardages all relative to what we found out on trackman but the reason I set this camera up and I don't know we've got a camera at the back of the green I just wanted to see whether we could pick up the reaction of what happens when a ball lands on the green. I've got a different swing if you analyse that swing it's probably different on each one of those shots as you know it's not consistent enough I am really pleased I hit the green three times from this distance though. The thing that I noticed from back here and we'll be playing these over now is every ball reacted very very well on greens. So once again I've seen it where game improvement strong lofted irons 33 degree players irons the reaction on the green is virtually identical I have still never seen it but that's a different video and I've done plenty of them as well. But the point being for me is each one of these irons perform perfectly well in terms of responsiveness of balls into greens. This is a seven iron. Quite okay so it's time for a summary and I'll try and keep it as brief as possible as I can. We're going to start off with where we started this video with some numbers from trackman. I think the numbers are pretty much as we'd have expected the distance is relatable to the loft of each club. The spin number is very very high for me but I should point out we use range balls and it was normalised for trackman conditions. So with a proper ball I would expect my spin number to drop a little bit lower. But all pretty much the numbers are like I said what I'd have expected. Very brief overview. The 410 great performer hits the ball a long way again in relation to loft. Plenty of forgiveness I think. Big sweet spot. It's a big club. It's a big profile. I've got major issues with the sound and therefore the feel and for me I would dismiss it straight away based on that alone. I don't know why they haven't got the elastomer insert that's in the I210 in that G410. Anyway I210 numbers very very good. It's a consistent performer. They achieve unbelievable sound and feel and I put that down to this elastomer insert which dampens both sound and feel. It's incredible. It's a smaller profile for me. It's a far better looking club. Smaller sole but again these are things that appeal to me on a personal level. And then you've got the PXG club which again numbers wise was superb in terms of the distance, the launch angle. Spin again was good and carry what I'd expect from a 7 iron with that kind of loft. I love the looks of the PXG and again I say the sound and feel is something that I just can't get my head quite round from a cast club. It's very hard to recognise it and I'd like to do a test. If we do a blind test of someone hitting forged against that cast club I think they'd be very hard pushed to try and differentiate between the two. That's just how good it is and don't forget I'm a massive fan of forged clubs. The one other thing I'll throw into the mix at talking about the PXG offering as well is it's a combination set. It's very much from the gap wedge into 7 iron. It's a player's profile, smaller head and then from 6 iron into 4 iron. It becomes a little bit more bulky and perhaps a little bit more confidence inspired and a little bit more bulk at address. And again that's something appeals to me. The idea of combination sets in irons I think is a superb offering for a lot of players. So the overall summary would be this. All very very good clubs. For me the I210 is by far the outstanding product in a ping range in terms of cast product. I've got a real issue with the G410 in terms of sound. But the club ultimately if I'm being asked to find this video who is the king of cast clubs then PXG have come up with a product which is unreal in terms of a cast product because of all the reasons I've just stated. But you can't throw PXG into the mix of a video like this without referencing price. The two ping offerings are 110 per iron. The PXG club is 200 pound per iron. That's a huge huge difference. And what you've got to ask yourself is for a lot of golfers that will be switched off straight away. They wouldn't entertain that price category and I totally understand that. So for me obviously price is a huge variable that plays its part. But if you're asking me who is the king of cast and the best product out of these three is the PXG 02 on ones. It is an absolute superb all round product. But as ever with PXG it comes with a price tag and for that that's down to your pocket and what you decide to spend your money on. Anyway, that's enough from me. Thank you to Royal Bled for letting me film this video out at this idyllic setting. It really is superb. Like I said, keep your eye out for plenty of videos that are coming from here. Comment down below, hit that like button and as ever, I think it's time for a pint.


It is a deliberate act of violence. It is one of the fastest growing crimes in this country, and any woman could become its victim. Who is the man who rapes? He may be a neighborhood teenager, a husband and father, a friendly stranger, or even the man next door. He belongs to all social, economic and racial classes. Until he rapes, he's anonymous. Like the rapist, the potential rape victim is never typical. It's not her age or her appearance that makes her selectable. She's chosen simply because she's a female, who happens to be in an environment that isolates her with a man intent upon rape. Dark streets, cars, secluded areas, even the woman's own home. The rapist needs a lonely place in which he's free to act with little chance of observation. The vulnerable woman is the one the rapist is looking for. Hitchhiking is one of the most popular ways of traveling in the United States. Many of the hitchhikers now found on the road are women. I've been hitchhiking since junior high school. Last summer I even went coast to coast by hitching. Everyone I've ever ridden with has always been nice to me. I've never had any trouble. I enjoy hitching, and it saves me money that I can use for school. At the present rate that sex crimes are rising, the odds are against the female hitchhiker never having any trouble.  Many rapists deliberately prowl the highways. They are fully aware of the vast numbers of females that are now turning up on the road. Any woman who hitchhikes should know what that free ride might cost her. Besides the possibility of a rape attack, she also risks being severely beaten, shot, or stabbed. Rapists are extremely violent men. Many of their victims never do reach their destination. They become homicide cases. Sometimes it is a woman's own automobile in which she finds herself trapped with an angry rapist.  Unlocked car doors and windows are open invitations to the rapist who chances on a lone woman driver. Any seconds does it take to lock a door, look in the back seat. Being the emotional after effects of a sexual attack will take much longer, like maybe a lifetime.  Forgetting to keep an eye on the gas gauge or not having a well-running vehicle can be far more dangerous than inconvenient. Hello rescue squad, let's hope you have a siphon. I ever glad to see you guys. I was beginning to think I was going to be stuck here for my whole vacation. I ran out of gas. Do you think you could help me out? The highway patrol isn't always the first to come along and the motorist who stops isn't necessarily a good Samaritan. The woman stranded by the roadside doesn't have to add to her bad luck. She should remain in her locked car until the right kind of help really does come along. As a precaution, a citizen banned radio could be carried in your automobile so that in case of a car emergency you could call for assistance on Channel 9. However, be wary of who responds to your call. It might be the rapist. The rapist will commit his act whenever the opportunity presents itself. He finds a favorable ally in the night. It not only gives him camouflage to keep his victim from knowing he's closing in on her, it also serves to pick out the most vulnerable women. Those who drive or walk in secluded areas and don't remember how prevalent the crime of rape has become. It is not a man who suddenly has a weak moment in which he wants to lust. The rapist is a premeditated criminal. He is out there deliberately looking to inflict his violence. Mr. Calabash, come on.  Well, Mr. Calabash, so you finally decided to sh... You forgot your paper. In a one-to-one situation between the rapist and his intended victim, his strength and his ruthlessness will give him the advantage. Rapists like dark and lonely streets where they can search out an unwary victim. Half of all reported rapes take place either near or inside a woman's place of residence. A woman's home has become one of the rapist's favorite places to enact his crime, providing he's given the opportunity to get inside. The rapist has become very versatile in the methods he uses to gain entrance to a victim's home. Besides the lure of open windows and unlocked doors, he will check out mailboxes to find one that tells him a lone woman is living there. The rapist is also well aware of all those secret places where spare keys are supposedly hidden. He's well skilled at finding them. Rapists even use the telephone book as a source for finding potential victims. Even phone callers are also interested in listings that specify a female. And still successful is the old delivery man routine. There is always at least one woman who will open her door before asking for positive identification. The rapist will take advantage of anything that allows him access to a vulnerable woman. Eventually he always finds one. Places which have large numbers of potential female victims are natural attractions to rapists. American colleges and universities have proven to be good hunting grounds for him. Each year the rapes committed against college women are rapidly rising. And these are only the ones that are actually reported. Many women are still afraid to tell what's happened to them. Another area which the rapist has now singled out for his particular attention is the military community. The percentages of sexual attacks taking place on or near United States Army posts are on the increase. And not always is the rapist a displaced civilian. Unfortunately the military also has its fair share of men who rape. Places of rape committed against or enacted by members of an Army organization are investigated by the Army's CID command. The CID reports that its number of rape case investigations is increasing. Although most of the Army's rape victims have been enlisted service women, many military wives and dependents and female officers have been subjected to the rapist's fury. Your name nor rank make any difference to him. He'll take any woman he can to vent his anger upon. You're going to have a problem, Wolinsky, if you ever try to make a living off of this game. Who's next? That's a matter with you hot shots. Any of you are lucky tonight? Seems like Wolinsky is the only one around here who's not afraid of my reputation with a pool cue. Sergeant Rhyman's about to meet Kelly. This I got to see. There used to be lots of crack shooters around here. Of course that was before this here new Army. Well, now maybe things haven't changed that much, Sergeant Rhymer. Mind if I play you a game? Okay. Okay, Sergeant, but, well, first off, you better get one of them sticks over there. They're sort of necessary for this here game. Oh, well, thank you, Sergeant Rhymer, but I prefer my own. Shall we flip to see who breaks, Sergeant? No, I'd like to give you the little edge. You just go right ahead, Sergeant. She probably put that fancy contraption hers right through the felt. Pardon me. This has caused many a woman the cruel experience of becoming a rape victim. Now, if I should happen to miss one, Sergeant, then you can show me how you got your reputation, but I wouldn't bet on it. Corner pocket. No way to know who he is or when he'll be around you. Rhymer, it's been nice playing with you. Oh, sure, Kelly. It's been a real pleasure. And is ever 100% safe from the chance of being raped, but many times that little extra care she will give to herself will certainly lessen the risks. Remember, common sense is an important ally to every woman. Choose public transportation rather than your thumb. It's a much safer way to get where you want to go. Keep doors locked and windows rolled up. Keep an eye on the gas gauge and be alert to the distance between service stations. A car with the top down can be an open invitation to trouble. Keep the top up. Hi, Glenda. Hi. Hey, Dad. Tending me to ride home? Sure, no trouble at all. Oh, thanks. Take your way home. Take advantage of it. Closed and locked windows offer good protection. Make sure that the only visitors you have are the ones you invite. Hey, Sergeant. Hi, Willinsky. Healing shark. Oh, we're in the go. Hey, would you mind holding this for me? Is that an order? No, Willinsky. It's called being a good sport.  Rape can touch all lives. It brings pain and hurt not only to the woman, but to those who love her as well. Somewhere tonight, rape will happen again, and tomorrow and every day thereafter. Rape doesn't always happen to somebody else.