Okay, hello everyone and thank you for coming today to our panel We're excited because we have an operator Swisscom who's actually got a live open stack platform in production And it's one of the largest deployments and we have Marcel here to Start off by showing us giving you some background on what it is And then we will go into a panel session for our last questions And then at the end there'll be time for some of your questions So, please go ahead Marcel. Yeah, thanks a lot Thanks a lot for showing up As I said, my name is Marcel Harry. I work at Swisscom. I'm an architect for our Application cloud our application cloud is a platform as a service and which we run based on Cloud Foundry We're using Cloud Foundry To manage diversity of workload and we're deploying Cloud Foundry on top of OpenStack We also build OpenStack on our own so we run it we operate it on on our own, but we Came up together with the design and the solution together with our partners here on stage We're using Red Hat OpenStack as the as the basis for for all the core Components and we're using PlumGrid Solution for the networking capabilities. So if you look at the picture, it looks more or less like that So on the top we have the platform as a service layer based on Cloud Foundry. We added Lots of integration Into the various environments we deploy this platform as a service into Based on our own development and then we have also We're also running a couple of services We're also running a couple of services based on On Docker containers and we're using flocker to for the persistency there On the infrastructure as a service layer and this is what we call our elastic Infrastructure as a service our elastic stack. It's purely based on OpenStack We're having Quantum hardware underneath or is the switches emc scale IO, but then The large distribution part is now red hat OpenStack We have Juno in production and we're rolling out metaka into production now and The networking part which is kind of very important for us. Well, I mean, we're a telco. So network is always important and and then there we were using PlumGrid and This really helped us a lot to integrate it into the different environments that we're deploying that to and Actually, if I'm talking about different environments, then we're not only deploying one platform as a service but we're having multiple instances of this application cloud and We're actually deploying multiple instances of this application cloud one I mean, we're eating our own dog food. So we have an internal application cloud we're where all of our developers are able to push their applications and Have an easy test bed to get started with with what they want to deliver and then We have also bigger internal flow projects like my cloud. It's a storage offering from Swisscom like similar to Dropbox for all our residential customers and actually everybody can go there and sign up and this platform is is run purely on our application cloud and we have a bunch of Virtual private offerings and customers where we're having we're having Dorma Kaba and We're also having Swiss three as As one of our customers and they are moving more and more of their cloud native workloads towards our application And we were also running a public offering developer that swiss though Swisscom calm and you can go and sign up there similar to other public platform as a service offerings within I'm all over the world Great, thank you Marcel. Thank you very much and I should have said at the beginning I'm Sandra Boyle senior analysts with heavy reading though. I think you probably gathered Which one was me? And I'm joined by if you'd like to introduce yourself Per Monclusa sitio and co-founder at plum grit I'm Chris Wright vice president and chief technologist at Red Hat And we know who you are myself So I'd like to start with you Chris In terms of the enhancements to open stack. Can you give us a brief synopsis? What they are and how they make things better for cloud operators like Swisscom in the latest release Well That's kind of a big question The top three the top four I think from my point of view Where we are in the state of of open stack and the evolution of open stack is we're moving towards a lot of stable functionality and Beyond the kind of base Features and then first day deployment and we're really looking at more and more operational Requirements, so how do you help run a cloud in in production and keep it up and do updates and Get insights into the infrastructure as you're building it as you're operating it to me that's that's where we are today in the project and There's always an important set of kind of Market-specific Features that are that are still coming in we've been spending a lot of time working with service providers and operators Bringing the the functionality to open stack so that you can deploy Especially network functions into open stack and have them operate efficiently and that's largely about virtual machine placement and good packet processing performance in Interversal machine in an open stack deployment so kind of a high level, but that's my view And I really think it's important that we look at the day-to-world of open stack today because we're not about Basic features and we're not about just the the initial demo install Great. Thank you. Thank you did a good job Chris At plum graves you provide the SDN to Swisscom Can you tell us a little bit about what that does and if you could also touch on security as well in terms of micro-segmentation and Being able to deal with security in a multi-tenanted environment sure It was interesting journey because when we started the project with Swiss Command Red Hat many years ago We started kind of designing the cloud for a few set of applications I mean you always start with something in mind the transformation business and we were providing originally the networking connectivity At that time it was more a multi-tenancy problem I mean security was kind of reduced towards a multi-tenancy problem And it was a mainly networking driven solution Where we had to provide everything that they were used to have in the physical wall switches routers DNS DHCP Security policy and so on translated into open stack and self-provision by the open stack APIs and horizon through APIs now as the project kept evolving what was happening is that the Swisscom cloud was training a specific application embedded within cloud foundry and the needs went from just providing the networking infrastructure capabilities towards Securing the specific workload that Swisscom was running and that was running containers containers over the top inside VMs and so on So the journey has been that as the project has continued The stack has become more robust as Chris was mentioning before from an operations visibility point of view But the features and capabilities that the network had to provide had to adjust towards Securing the applications and providing the right visibility on what's going on in the applications So we are working together now one on kind of the next generation things But this is the journey where the networking as the end layer in reality means much more when you put things together Towards making applications run because it provides some Visibility scale out and security aspects that are fundamental for running a private cloud Thank You Chris and Marcel one of the things I was impressed with was that from Swisscom's perspective you decided to go for micro services cloud native Horizontal path layer, which I think for an operator is quite forward thinking Are you happy with that decision? I mean has it made life easier? Is it more challenging? I think in the end, it's definitely worth going that path the The journey towards there. It's definitely has various challenges. So one of the the the bigger ones is in at if you start beginning with it you Need to have a platform where you can easily start Lots of services and if we're actually Talking about lots of services then for example on our open stack We're if we're releasing even new versions of our platform as a service and which is also built in this micro service Style of architecture. We're actually deploying Twice every second week. We're deploying Hundreds of new VMs and tearing down older ones so all this life cycle of these VMs are becoming very important and Then and that's that's the part of the operator and then as a as Someone who provides a platform you actually need to start convincing Developers adopting to these new schema and concept of of how to build their applications and also To add her for example to the 12-factor manifesto. So for example, very important Don't write into the local file system Configure everything and through through service bindings and and actually start building services Horizontally scalable and this is sometimes seems to be still very tricky but One once you have you kind of have the platform for it and people see how easy it can be to to actually deploy large Large Platforms using many services then then they see the value and start doing it as an example Dorma Kaba for example, they redeploy their whole platform multiple times a week and this is actually a platform that is Consisting over like 60 applications and they're deploying that and multiple times a week from scratch and This is kind of like the things when when we saw that people are building that that's it's kind of cool Definitely and what about containers and their role in Getting to cloud native and more scalable platforms for operators and do you see and Chris touched on this network functions And being virtualized and and also running in containers or is that you know too far out there? So from an networking point of view what happens is that there's many dimensions, right? You create a cloud for an IT application like the Cloud Foundry based one in Swisscom But there are many other clouds in Swisscom and other service providers that they focus on offering networking services In there it becomes more Convoluted because what you have is a combination of suppliers of technology You have the open stack components You have the SDN components that glue things in this case Let's say VMs and then you have VMs that would run network functions and those VMs could be traditional VMs from existing networking players that support multi-tenancy by themselves or Or they are not they are just VMs with a single networking application And what happened is that to do POC is and to show how you know a virtual ICP or an AMS solution works Is becoming reasonably straightforward. There's enough technology enough reference designs enough Knowledge in the industry that is starting to happen The problem then becomes how do I scale it? How do I create a service that I'm going to monetize that I'm going to support? I don't know in Europe I think there's 300 million households So how do you transform those in VCPs? Are you going to use VMs and are you going to go from 300 million households into maybe six seven hundred million VMs? How many servers are you going to need to support that? So what's happening is that there's this trend of saying I have to change that there's not enough Investment available for and have been ordered to buy so many servers So you have to reduce the footprint and this is what containers kick in Containers would be kind of the obvious answer Maybe not the only answer but one of the immediate obvious answers and what we are seeing is a lot of need of interoperability for NFB clouds between VMs and containers Because there's going to be a transition of how much time is going to take for traditional VNF vendors to move from Providing your network function as a VM and migrating towards a container some of them are already available But some are not and that's where we see This progressive push to move to containers for NFB Because otherwise it's going to be a capacity problem Then as Chris was mentioning before it's not only a capacity problem in terms of how many servers Do you need to run the VMs or the containers is a bandwidth or buckets per second problem? It's like how many servers do you need to handle all the traffic of all these? CPS and this is where technologies that have to accelerate the data path kick in and now the combination of both the data planes and Compute structure that you created for your network functions have to play together in order to deliver proper NFB solutions that Adding of value to be able to do that migration to this new paradigm Okay, I think it's important to that one of the things that that Perry said was it's a broad ecosystem essentially and moving Network functionality into virtual machines is is something that requires many of the vendors to change how they build their applications And so Marcel's talking about developers that are building IT applications using and you know sort of a cloud native development practice getting VNF vendors to Understand cloud native development is something it's an industry level challenge. It takes time to get people to move Applications from one design Kind of paradigm to another and we're still in the early stages of moving from physical appliances to virtual appliances so the next step of getting to fully decomposed Set of functionality spread across a number of containers to get the density And and even hopefully improve the packet processing performance. So you're not paying some of the penalties of overhead of virtualization I Personally think it's an inevitable Outcome, but I also think it's going to take some time to get there Yeah, so actually as you mentioned if it starts becoming like If containers are starting becoming important how people are packaging their applications Then it's actually a matter like we we kind of get a very isolated plot that we then can run but we can then also start running it at scale and then suddenly The hype about containers is not about anymore about Using the right technology or so it's more about okay How do we solve all all the orchestration problems and and one of of the bigger problems is certainly networked there Another one is kind of like storage, but then also how do we? shift traffic amongst the living instances because as instances are now spawned very quickly they might also die very quickly because The need is not anymore there or people are starting to deploy much faster or so so This this this might also change another part is also where it becomes very important Is that the things that you are actually packaged into that blob are not anymore are not that? static but are rather being Also coming out of a CICD pipeline where they are continuously being packaged again and being updated and and being redeployed and this is one of the things where also lots of in investment in terms of Developing the right tools for it and so on need to go into Okay, thank you, but ultimately do you think it's a positive thing as an operator Yeah, definitely. I would say as an operator. It definitely makes one of your life easier if you if you say well, this is We take your blob and we run it and as a platform as a service We say we take your code and we run it But nevertheless People are expecting to that This thing that you run is still up to date. It's still secure So if something like heart bleeds come out it needs to be it's very important that that you're able to easily Update all all of the running applications because what people are expecting is that you're providing Secure service, right? Thank you So we'll move on from containers though. I find them a fascinating subject To talk about your enterprise customers Marcel because you now have is it Swiss re that is A live customer and they're you know, some of the most conservative Companies in the you know insurance and financial sector. So I'm just wondering what sort of questions you get from them You know, how do they feel about open stack as a platform as a secure platform for them a reliability performance So, I mean if we look at how they are seeing the platform It's actually for them. It's it's part of a bigger strategy in moving their kind of Development model within the company to to a more agile way of Moving things out and also being able to easily Answer to To new demands within the company, but also from from their customers So what they want is a is a platform where they can very quickly Develop on top of it. However, they're dealing with with various very sensitive data. So for them Having it being very Strict and isolated in an isolated environment for them is becoming very important. So Running on-premise within our data centers within within Switzerland was was was one of the key points for them and then also where where Swisscom Came and together with them working on on their broader cloud strategy of of how they Do their journey to the cloud was was important as well Okay, thank you and in terms of what's next For you and and your partners what sort of things do you see that needs to happen in the future with open stack or with other with SDN or Any aspect of the solution. Yeah, so We're actually so we we started this journey like with over three years ago with a better alpha deployment and Then two years ago it became a little bit more better official and and since one year we're in we're in production and And now as people are adopting things were evolving also our offering where we're Where we see for example business demands of that well our applications that are running within the cloud they Need they have the business requirement to run within multiple data centers Whether it's for regulations or highway ability or or so So so one of the approaches we're doing now is that we're taking that that platform and we're actually deploying it Into multiple data centers, but exposing it to the user as one platform And so did the user developers they don't need to care about whether they're deploying into one or multiple data centers This is the part where we're taking part of it. However, we're not going to take the conventional approach where People would stretch infrastructure over multiple data centers, but we rather say we want to keep the infrastructure Isolated simple within one data center and we're actually delegating it more to the upper layer Containers are getting more and more traction still and Together with the network and I think the container folks finally figure out that networking is important for them and and so does for example storage is This is one of the things where we're investing more more looking into it and offering Possible solutions so that for example traffic originating from a certain container is being identifiable outside within traditional network environments and and On the open stack part and we started with a very strict set of project So we we really looked at open stack and we said well we need Compute we need storage. We need network and and this is how we go for and now We're adding more and more projects to actually support All all the different deployment cases that we see on top of open stack like we're adding heat We're adding cilometer And and so on to to actually support The the people deploying on top of open stack with additional tools to to make their life easier Okay, and Pear finally get your name right In terms of you know lessons learned from the Swisscom deployment What do what would you say are the top ones? Yes, basically what we learned was that the networking in general is a kind of a esoteric field that things kind of Magically work routing protocols are just the whole thing firewalls get configured and when things don't work It's kind of pretty involved Compound to that when we move towards this SDN overlay pushing it to the edge and kind of delivering a software solution What was happening is that networking was becoming even more complicated and it was Going towards the spaces like the servers that traditional networking people were not used to it So we started working with Swisscom early on we were focusing on functionality But quickly we realized that there's a partnership when things were not going well and here we have an expert on finding issues on the layer There were not enough tools enough Operational tools to understand what was going on. So at some point we started shifting We started to introduce products more towards operations and visibility cloud apex lab security and so on and tools that Help to understand a bit more What was going on so what we realize is this is every time there is a transition of technology going from let's say hardware Defined networks to server defined networks is not only the aspect on how you Deliver the capabilities in a more agile way a better way is how do you carry the expertise the visibility the aspect that I was shooting the Operations because otherwise regardless if it works or it doesn't work People have a resistance to say well, I don't understand what's going on And this is almost sometimes is even more important than just the features themselves That's was one of the experience that we learn working very closely with Swisscom Thank you and Chris would you say the same thing is it more about operational efficiency and Performance troubleshooting or what would you say are the key lessons that you've learned as red hat open stack? well, so as I mentioned at the beginning it really is about getting beyond just the The basic functionality and looking at how you run and get insights into your infrastructure because what we're building And one of the things that we've learned There's actually some cool things that Swisscom has has done that I think are worth highlighting which we didn't get to cover quite yet Which was really? Kind of a forward-looking approach to how you build and deliver infrastructure so traditionally You don't think of the service provider community as as really being agile and these guys have really done an amazing job of Deploying redeploying looking at how you make your infrastructure Agile and that's something that that we've learned from and It's something that we try to take to our customers has helped them see how they can Build their infrastructure so you're building infrastructure to produce a platform to run applications on and you're expecting your application developers to do Follow agile methodologies and have a CI CD pipeline, but also looking at how you manage your infrastructure that way I think is Something that that's really valuable for the infrastructure providers. It's a lesson learned for the infrastructure providers and then the the key thing for us I think is Operating at scale. We're building a large distributed system Things go wrong and if you don't have tools to dig in to understand what's going wrong You are dead in the water like you're really gonna have a major challenges at at sort of Getting things back on track and keeping applications running Which is the end of the day with the what the goal is here And then one other thing that I think is really worth highlighting from the particular stack that Swiss commas put together Looking at infrastructure as a supporting cast for an application platform and Really I kind of identifying differing layers of abstraction saying application orchestration is a really important task And it's done well by certain tools And infrastructure sort of hardware level orchestration another important task So we have the kind of open stack Substrate supporting a pass platform on top. I think is a great way to look at how you bring This this agility up and down the stack. Thank you So now it's your turn if you'd like to ask the panel any questions just raise your hand and we're happy to answer them Don't be shy Have a question here so the question was is is open stack at a stage where an Enterprise without the the breadth of experience and ability to invest deeply like a large-scale company I think Walmart was your example Can can bring open stack into production in their environments our experience is absolutely that's the case initially it was Really challenging and the early days of open stack there was a lot of expertise needed and there was a lack of that expertise across the industry and Part of that expertise was needing to understand exactly the details of of open stack as Tools improve deployment tools improve and and our focus shifts more towards the operational aspects of The cloud and less to the core functionality We're seeing just as an open stack vendor. We're seeing a lot of adoption into I guess you call it the more traditional Enterprise or smaller scale enterprise And maybe to add some some grace to that Open stack is a project a community project that there's multiple flavors on how to consume that you could get the code and Just try to do it yourself You could engage with vendors partners professional services companies that they are going to provide you support So what we are seeing is that different enterprises have a different level of tolerance or understanding of the technology And if you want to get deep into the technology and you want even to get the latest code the latest feature and so on You need a certain level of skills If you are willing to engage with partners and vendors that are going to provide your professional service or support is a different level of Skill if you want to consume it as a product different level of skill So I think there's enough diversity within the community that you can consume it in any way you want depending on the level of Expertise you have now different enterprises depending on their size their budgets their investments and so on Will have the ability to consume it in different ways and that's why a lot of people say oh I try to take open stock from The source code living in the open source community, and I had issues deploying it Well, it depends. Maybe if you don't know how to do that, there's other ways to consume it But as a technology there's many enterprises that are running now their workloads on open stock and getting the benefits of of the community Okay, any other questions Yeah, go ahead so the question is about upgrading open stack to the latest release and So if it starts with the the actual code the development process within the project historically The independent the individual services the communication paths between them You know you have basic things like ensuring that you have versioned messages in your RPCs passing between services and So we've spent maybe as a community a couple of years investing into ensuring that that That the low-level functionality is there to support essentially of rolling update and then more recently the community is as focused on Call them kind of community level of contracts between projects saying will ensure some level of backwards compatibility so that while you're doing a rolling update one service the can a newer service can operate with the rest of the cloud still still moving forward and So that's really where we are now We're finally at a point where you can actually do an update from one version to the next without having to Really either resort to disabling some core functionality for some period of time creating an outage or Or even the next step was a highly prescriptive way If you did this in the all the steps in the exact right order, you know, it will it will function It'll work at the end. So we're we're transitioning to The community being capable of producing code that's that's upgradeable from release to release now the next challenge is a wider array of Wider array of versions. So you're gonna be able to upgrade from and to end plus two that that gets more challenging unless you just do it sequentially and So I think that's that's kind of where we are now and if you look at somebody who's being really aggressive and trying to continually update from from trunk. That's that's still That's still not easy to do Yeah, and one of the the other important things is actually I mean Opens that by itself must have the capability that you at least maybe can go from version one to version two The other thing is also that you as an operator need to be able to continuously deploy Open snack in the same way and and I think this is where Also, the bigger opens that community now came together and Be became much better in that by providing the right tools of continuously deployment Continuously deploying open stack in a consistent way So and but also in an adaptable way and not only the death stack way of deploying it so So so so the other part is then also on the operator side that that you actually Are running you the infrastructure in a way that that you can continuously Redeploy it and because this helps you really a lot. So for example We actually deploy open stack once a night on the CI stack like from scratch on the full scale Just that all the changes that we do That we can make sure that if if if we need to redeploy it again Then then actually we're able to do so because previously we had everybody was working on various Automation parts and then at some point when it came together you had all this burn-in time where where oh this Automation needs to fit better together with this one and by having a Pipeline that where where you actually are Verifying all all these concepts over and over again. You're actually lowering lowering the frictioness and then you're actually delivering Things way more quickly. So actually Going from Liberty to Mitaka for us was just a few few days of work in the end That's the CI Approach that I was talking about earlier that Swiss comm is done. I think is really noteworthy. So if you're if you hadn't heard that before It's I think it's really impressive Okay, go ahead So the question was about how do you do we see the openness of Of open stack and like the different distributions and winners and whether we see that we can Point one tool also to a stack of the other tool and I think they're actually the open stack by itself If we're just following straight the open stack API, then we actually get the value out of of that because this kind of like makes the clear boundary between What you as a as an open stack Operator are exposing to the user and people who are deploying Things on top of open stack with their automation tools are if they are speak Lee only like Through the open stack API then for them. It's going to be very easy For an operator and this is what I mentioned before is also that they're within the open stack community For example, we're heavily using puppets to to manage the configuration parts on top of our system and before within the open stack community, there were various puppet modules flying around but Developers from Red Hat, but also developers from from other distributors finally came together and there's like now one Not one there are many modules But like there's like one set of modules under the open stack Ten that all of them are using to deploy open stack and this means like well It's it's whether you're using this one or the other one It's actually you use it exactly the same way and I think things like that are very important. Thank you all for Sticking with us. We're come up to the end of our allotted time And I hope you found it interesting and useful and I just want to say thank you to pair Chris and Marcel. Thank you very much


So, if we take somebody's blood, spin it down to separate red blood cells from plasma and then divide the overall amount that's red in the tube by the overall concentration of red blood cells in the mixture, we get this value called MCV mean cell volume, which gives us a rough idea of the average volume this person's red blood cells. If they have heaps of cells, but the cells individually are small, the overall concentration will go up, but the overall amount that's red, otherwise known as the hermitocrite, will go down, resulting in a lower MCV. Alternatively, if there aren't many RBCs, but the ones that are present are big, the overall concentration comes down, but the hermitocrite might stay relatively normal, resulting in an increased MCV. So in the hospital, we look for anemia by checking for low hemoglobin levels, hemoglobin abbreviated to HB here. MCV, on the other hand, gives us important information about what's actually caused their anemia. Let's consider if the MCV is low for a start. We have a normal red blood cell here, about 7 microns wide. The average volume of the red blood cells is low, will end up with micro-cytic red blood cells. Now, why would this be? So the volume of a normal RBC is mostly made up of hemoglobin. If an RBC is small, doesn't have enough hemoglobin, and in most cases, that's because we're lacking in a critical element required to produce hemoglobin, that's iron. So if we have not enough iron, we have not enough hemoglobin, we have small RBCs. Hemoglobin usually looks like this, four separate structures making up this overall protein, but there's a certain set of genetic diseases which can bump out one of those constituents, known as the thalassemias. There's a spectrum of severity when it comes to the thalassemia, but the universal quality that they share is some degree of hemoglobin synthesis dysfunction. If we've got that, we've got not enough hemoglobin per RBC, we've got small RBCs. When the body's in a state of chronic inflammation, the liver is forced to hold onto its iron stores that it would otherwise give up for red blood cell synthesis. So if we have Crohn's disease, or rheumatoid arthritis, we have this prevalent of inflammatory cytokines which cause a kind of iron deficiency anemia, and we call this anemia of chronic inflammation. You'll also hear the misnomer anemia of chronic disease, but that doesn't describe the problem as accurately. Okay, so if the MCV is high, the RBCs are called macrosidic. RBCs have had some fundamental problem with their synthesis of DNA. In a normal red blood cell precursor, DNA is replicated so that the cell can eventually split like this, but at the same time hemoglobin is constantly being produced, which is then shared between the two divided cells. But if the DNA synthesis process is interrupted in some way, the replication is slower, but the production of hemoglobin continues at the same rate.  It ends up macrosidic, chock-a-block, not what we want. The spleen will see these massive RBCs as defective and will chop them out of the circulation and will end up with anemia. Two major players in the synthesis of DNA are B12 and folate, so if we have a deficiency in them, we'll end up with macrosidic anemia. You have to be very malnourished to get to that point though. If you have celiac disease, however, you're at much greater risk because celiac disease often primarily affects the distal ilium, this bit of the small intestine, and that's the point where B12 is absorbed from your food into your blood. If that part of the small intestine is diseased, you'll have reduced B12 uptake in your greater risk of this kind of anemia. This B12 absorption is actually mediated by a molecule that's produced in a stomach, which we call intrinsic factor. If you have a congenital deficiency in this hormone, you'll develop macrosidic anemia. Quite severely, in fact, for that reason this is historically called pernicious anemia. Something else that can mess with your folate levels is too much alcohol, and I've clearly drawn that out here as the MOG4 to be as clinking. Alright, and lastly, certain drugs can cause broken DNA synthesis. They're easy to remember because that's what these drugs are designed to do. Methatrexate is a chemo drug that partly inhibits DNA synthesis to stop the growth and division of rapidly dividing cells. AZT, the HIV drug that stars in the film Dallas Buyers Club, as well as other chemotherapy drugs, function to disrupt the synthesis of DNA throughout the body. So it's no surprise that they too can cause macrosidic anemia. If the MCV is normal but we still have anemia, then we have what we call normalcytic anemia. The most common cause of this is blood loss. So as a quick summary, we've covered three types of macrosidic anemia, which are all due to some kind of deficiency in hemoglobin. We have three types of macrosidic anemia, which are all due to defective DNA synthesis. And we've covered one type of normalcytic anemia, a direct result of losing blood. We'll cover the hemolytic anemius next, so keep an eye out for that. But for now, thanks for watching, hit subscribe, and we'll see you next time.


Welcome back to The Breakfast on Plus TV Africa. It's now time for a little bit of history and I'm going back to the year 2012 to talk about the fifth, I believe, president of Egypt, Mohammed Morsi. It was on this day that he became president, but just a little bit of history. Eventually he died in 2019. He was born on the 8th of August in 1951, died on the 17th of June in 2019. He was an Egyptian politician and engineer who served as the fifth president from the 3rd of June 2012 right after the Arab Spring that deposed for my Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak. He eventually took over as president on the 30th of June in 2012 and was kicked out in 2013 on the 3rd of July when General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi removed him from office in a coup d'etat after protest. He was an Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood and it's one of the things that he was also charged with in a very, very long trial before he eventually passed on during the trial. He led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012. As president he issued a temporary constitutional declaration in November 2012 and that in effect granted him unlimited powers and the power to legislate without judicial oversight or any review of his acts. June 2013 protest calling for Morsi's resignation erupted. The military backed by political opposition and leading religious figures stepped in and deposed Morsi in a coup. It suspended constitutionally appointed Adli Mansour as interim president back then in 2013. The pro-Morsi demonstrations were crushed resulting in over 800 deaths. Eventually of course he was sentenced to death but the death sentence was overturned in 2016 and the retrial was ordered. He then passed on on the 17th of June like I said earlier in 2019 but it was on this day that he was, he became rather president of Egypt. It was a very, very sad turn of events after he became president after Hosni Mubarak was kicked out in the Arab Spring and people call it very hypocritical because some of the things that they had accused Hosni Mubarak of were some of the things that he eventually wanted to start doing and of course the controversy, I think what I call a controversy concerning the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliations with the Muslim Brotherhood, the Hamas and Hezbollah and some of all those other groups also criticized them and had their challenges with their alliances basically the alliances and their ideologies but he eventually passed on. Embarrassing actually when he was sent to, during his trial period when he always used to appear in a cage in court. Embarrassing from a president to a cage. He was 61 years old when he became president of Mohammed Morsi. He received a personal phone call from the United States President Barack Obama congratulating him. People celebrated.  A short story about Mohammed Morsi there but that's what happened today in history. In 2008, 2012, he became the president of that country. Let's take a break here and we'll return for our first major conversation. Do stay with us.


Difficulties arise throughout the school day and the school year almost on a daily basis. There's difficult things to do in class and in school and teachers expect students to be able to work through those difficulties but they cannot do it alone. Now I start at the very beginning of the year telling my students that they cannot say can't and that gets a little bit tricky especially for kids in early childhood who have learned over the years that it's so easy to just tell mom and dad or the teacher previous that I can't do it and then they can give up. Then that white flag raises in the brain and says I surrender. I can't do it. That's okay. I'll just live life not doing it. Well not in my classroom. You've got to think of other words to replace that word can't. If you're having difficulty in some subject or in some sort of reading activity or anything in school I teach my children to say I need your help. I need time. I need to take a breath. I need to take a break. And I can do hard things. There's a poster in my classroom that says all the things that I expected my kids and the most important bulletin point is I can do hard things. As they start to repeat this and believe in themselves we're impressing on our children that they can get through difficult times that they can do it and the best lessons learned are the things that were the hardest for us to do.


Working on a Mac computer and Word there's a little bit of a different way that you're going to put in your hanging indent for your reference list at the end of your paper. First you want to format the title references so if you highlight the word references that's at the top you're just going to center it on the page and put it in bold face type. Next you want to highlight your entire reference list this should be alphabetized already and then you want to go up here to format and then paragraph and you're going to select under indentation there is an option here for a hanging indent which is what you need and you also need it to be double spaced. So you want to select double underline spacing hanging under indentation and then make sure all of these say zero and then okay and that's how you format your reference list using a map.


last semester and also some good subjects also there okay okay we'll we'll pray and get started okay let's let's pray father we we just want to thank you lord for this day we thank you for this beginning of this semester god lord we we thank you for what's in store for us lord what you have in store for each one of us lord i especially come at this class to your mighty hands father god we thank you for being with them for leading them lord all these years lord these three years father god and you and as they come to the end of this third year lord which is pray that god that you'll continue to pour out your spirit upon them lord i pray that you'll continue to write your word on their hearts father god i pray pray lord the plans and purposes that you have for each of them lord in the next season master i pray for we pray for clarity we pray for your leading oh god or even as they immerse themselves lord in your word and lord even as they give themselves lord totally to the work of your spirit to the leading of your spirit oh god i pray that you would empower them greatly i pray that lord that you would not draw them to your to yourself lord and i pray lord even as your word says that when we call on call unto you lord that you will show us great and wonderful things that we do not know so god this morning we call upon your name we call unto you god i pray that this semester that will be a lord a season of lord revelation it'll be a season of lord opening our eyes and opening our spiritual years and and receiving from you lord and i just pray father god that uh you will also grow as lord as ministers of the gospel that we will even as we receive father god that we will also give out lord that i pray that each one of us god that you will raise us up and you are in the places where you placed us and and that you will use us as dispensers lord of the aroma of christ in every place we thank you we give you all the praise and give you all the glory of this time in jesus matchless name we pray amen amen okay so um so this semester we are going to be looking at a g e p c t um so that's galatians ephesians philippines colotians and thecelonians right first and second thecelonians so um it's actually um six books now six episodes um of course we're going to look at the uh thecelonians as as one episode and um yeah we're going to be looking at i mean as as one um module but of course it's two episodes right so we'll start with galatians and the notes i have uploaded uh so you can you can download that you can take a look at it and you can keep it open even as we go through the class okay um so let's uh let's begin let me um let's start off with um yeah so when we look at the book of galatians um you know what comes to our mind is paul's strong words right strong words for the church in galatia and um he he has a very strong things very stern words right he uses words like you foolish galatians like who has bewitched you and uh you know like that uh so uh that comes to our mind immediately right but also we see that um you know and some strong um um uh strong instructions like he he also um rebukes them he says he says things like you know you ran well who hindered you from obeying the truth obey the truth and also some very strong words like um uh you know if anyone preaches another gospel you know let let them be let them be accursed right so so we see that uh it um uh he addresses some very strong issues here some um some problems that were there in the church in galatia so um so he and it and it was a serious thing so he addresses that okay so let's uh let's look at some the background of um uh if you look at the background of the the place the the people right we when we when we read ax chapter 16 um we we see um mention of um galatia right ax chapter 16 and verse 6 um yeah so it says uh ax chapter 16 and verse 6 now when they had gone through frigia and the region of galatia they were forbidden by the holy spirit to preach the word in asia right so so this happens after paul goes to uh in his uh second miss near journey right he goes to derby listra and that's where he um meets timothy right and so paul and sylas they're traveling and they meet and timothy is also taken as part of the team and he gets timothy's gets him circumcised because of the jews and because he's going to be meeting a lot of jews or going into synagogues and so on so and then you know he uh goes on with this journey and then he comes to this region so um so they he would have preached he would have ministered around this time in the region of galatia okay so um so that is something that we see and also uh in chapter 18 verse 23 you know ax chapter 18 and verse 23 uh here also we see um uh galatia being mentioned so it says after he had spent some time there he departed uh that is from antioch he departed from antioch and went over to the region of galatia and frigia in order strengthening all the uh disciples okay so um so this this is something that we see mentioned uh about paul's ministry in this region uh of galatia okay so um so when we look at the background of the people okay um let me just uh let me just project the notes here just one second right you hope you can see that okay so when you see the uh background of the people we see that um they um they were actually known as the Celts or the Gauls they invaded Macedonia and uh and they came to be known as Galagracians okay um so from which the word Galatians originates and also uh we see that this region okay Antioch in Presidia uh there are two Antiochs right one in Syria the one in Presidia uh so the Antioch in Presidia Lystra Iconium Derby so this uh region we see um as uh mentioned as uh Galatia okay so that's um that's what we see here okay right so what when was it written okay it's uh maybe after AD 49 and sometimes historians also say that it could be AD 50 um so around this time AD 49 50 and uh he writes um this particular episode to this region right to the churches in this region and uh the the the thing is this that it could probably be um before the Jerusalem Council you know if you remember remember in Acts chapter 15 we read about the Jerusalem Council where the apostles the other the disciples also meet there in Jerusalem to address an issue of uh there's a issue of uh this teaching which was prevalent what was this teaching teaching was that okay one has to become circumcised in order to um and also follow the law of Moses the customs of Moses um in order to be saved right so this was something that was doing the rounds and so people meet and then they share their experiences um and uh and then uh Paul and Barnabas are there they they talk to them they talk to the people about how God has worked in all these Gentile churches and so on and how they've received Christ so and then the council actually decides okay they say that fine you know we need not we should not actually put this burden of people following the law it's actually false you know like we we should not in order to be saved that people need not actually follow the law and because it's salvation is by grace through faith so they talk about that and they also talk about you know certain things you know like food offered idols and all those things that people should avoid and and then they write a letter so so probably it was before this that Paul writes this letter to the Galatians because he you know if you look at Galatians the first couple of chapters he talks about how many times he went to Jerusalem and what he actually um accomplished or whom he met in great detail okay so uh we see that here uh he does not actually mention about this Jerusalem council so probably it this this council happened after that okay um or uh you know oh sorry he wrote the letter to the Galatians before that anyway so we we're not very sure right so um so so that is something that we see here okay and from where did he write the episode to the Galatians well he probably um you know wrote it either from the Antioch of Syria or Ephesus or maybe on his way to Jerusalem so that also is not very very conclusive okay so that is what we see here okay so let's look into um um um the first chapter let's read through the first chapter and and then go verse by verse okay okay so let's um let's read the first few verses of Galatians first chapter right okay Paul an apostle not from men nor through man but through Jesus Christ and God the father who raised him from the dead and all the brethren who are with me do the churches of Galatia grace to you and peace from God the father and our Lord Jesus Christ who gave himself for our sins that he might deliver us from this present evil age according to the will of our God and Father to whom be glory forever and ever amen okay verse six I marvel that you are turning away so soon from him who called you in the grace of Christ to a different gospel which is not another but there are some who trouble you and want to pervert the gospel of Christ but even if we or an angel from heaven preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you let him be accursed as we have said before so I now I say again if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received let him be accursed for do I now persuade men or God or do I seek to please men for if I still pleased men I would not be a born servant of Christ okay so verse one Paul very clearly says an apostle not from men nor through man but through Jesus Christ and God the father who raised him from the dead so Paul is talking about his apostleship and how he became an apostle so he says it's not through men it's not through somebody's not through you know some it was not through natural means it's not because somebody invited him somebody spoke to him and told him yes you know this is who we were and it's it's definitely not from any of that but he says the call was from the Lord Jesus right but through Jesus Christ and God the father who raised him from the dead okay so here also is declaring that about the risen Lord the reality of the risen Lord the risen Lord is the one so it's not some historical Jesus it's not a Jesus who was you know it's not talking about the Jesus who was spent some time who was a good man and he died and is no more you know he's not talking about that but he's saying that this risen Lord and he's the one who called right and and God the father through Jesus Christ and God the father who raised him from the dead so the reality of resurrection and the reality of the call to be the apostle which came from the risen Lord okay so and and then he says and all the brethren who are with me so then he goes on he's talking about his team and then verse two you see and all brethren who are with me to the churches of Galatia so this this region that we saw in the map you know to these churches he's writing this this letter right to all the churches in Galatia it's not just you know one body one or one place but several places and several places where people are where the churches are gathered okay verse three grace to you and peace from God the father and our Lord Jesus Christ this is we've seen before in the in Corinthians that you know is a typical way by which Paul greeted the church and and several places right in all the other epistles also we see while using this familiar greeting grace to you and peace from God the father and the Lord Jesus Christ so so Paul was very much aware and where he is and also had experienced the grace of God and he wanted others also to experience the same right he wanted others to experience the grace of God and if you look at Paul's life he really experienced the grace of God in a very rich manner right and of course what is the grace of God you know the grace of God you know we can look at it as several aspects one is that it is something that we do not deserve right grace something that we do not deserve it's unmerited favor grace is also you know the gifts it's a it's a gift that is given it is something that is given freely so that is the second aspect of it the thing is also that grace is also divine enablement or empowerment right it's it's it's some divine enablement which means that it comes from God comes from him and it grace enables us right empowers us to live the way he wants us to live and also grace we see is is a divine virtue right we divine character so we see all this so he's saying you know may you experience this grace and walk in this grace grace to you and peace from God the father so here just one second please and peace from God I'm just looking at the word so literally it means quietness and also it means a rest it also means prosperity or something that you thrive in prosperity that you prosper in right so Paul mentions all that and says okay may you need to you know I'm just declaring this over you grace and peace from God the father and from the Lord Jesus Christ and verse four we see Paul mentioning about the Lord who gave himself for our sins that he might deliver us from this present evil age according to the will of our God and father okay so the Lord Jesus Christ who gave himself he directly you know immediately goes on to to talk about the purpose he's talked about the you know the the purpose of the coming of Christ right so immediately goes into that and this is what he did he who delivered that he gave himself for our sins so that was a big problem the problem of sin sin separating us from God sin taking us to a destiny away from God and sin preventing us from living a life that God wants here on earth so so he says you know who gave himself for our sins the Lord Jesus gave himself for our sins the reason he gave himself for our sins is this that he might deliver us that he might actually free us and set us free liberate us from this present evil age and and that also is the will of God okay that he might deliver us from the present evil age and the word used there eon okay from which it means a time period right it means an age a time period and so God the Lord Jesus Christ gave himself to deliver us from this evil time period or evil season that he might set us free from that okay from the bonds of that right and according to the will of God the Father to whom be glory forever and ever okay so excuse me sorry then from verse six that he he actually goes on from verse six that is going to be the you know the is actual topic and he's going to address it you know in the rest of the chapters also right so this is this was the main thing this was the main problem okay so that is what we see here verse six I marvel that you are turning away so soon from him who called you in the grace of Christ okay so he's saying I'm I marvel I'm surprised that you are turning away okay and the word use there marvel it means that you know I wonder you know almost like in admiration I'm I'm wondering you know how did this happen okay so saying I marvel that you are turning away so soon from this gospel of grace that you're that from him you know turning away so soon sorry he says from him from the Lord Jesus who called you in the grace of Christ you are in fact so what he's saying is that when you're turning away from what was the the truth that was preached they are actually turning away from Christ from the person of Christ himself right so let's look at you know the following verses will will will actually show us what they are turning away from in what way what did they do in their believing what did they you know what did they actually do that all says that you're turning away from Christ you're actually turning away from the person of Christ okay so to saying you're turning away so soon from him who called you in the grace of Christ now this call this invitation is is from a place of again from a place of grace it called you in the grace of Christ so it is not about you your performance it's not about you meeting certain conditions and therefore you are invited it is not because you have achieved certain things that you are invited to this you know you have been called and you are invited it's it's from a place of grace and it's not because of anything you have your achievements or your performance or keeping certain things and not keeping certain things you know it's not that it is who called you in the grace of Christ okay so you say you turning away so soon from him who called you in the grace of Christ to a different gospel you're turning away to a different gospel and you know the word gospel use the you angle you on which means good news so you're turning away from this good news it is I mean turning away from the person and it's a it's a different gospel okay verse seven which is not another but there are some who trouble you and want to pervert the gospel of Christ okay so his point is that it is not actually another gospel you know you can't even put it in the same category as the gospel of Christ okay so which is it is not another it is it is in fact it is it is not good news at all okay so gospel means good news and so he's saying you know you're turning away to a different gospel in the previous verse but then he says in fact it is not it is not another gospel it is not another because it is not good news at all it is nowhere in comparison to the gospel of Christ okay so saying there are some who trouble you and want to pervert the gospel of Christ now this is this is why they have come and preach this and but you have actually you are so quickly turning away and receiving the other so-called gospel or so-called good news right so and this is this comes from those who want to trouble you and those who want to pervert the gospel of Christ okay which means corrupt the gospel of Christ okay so so he's saying that so this comes from a people who want to trouble you okay and whose reason is that they want to you know they want to agitate you know they want to trouble you you know it does not come from a good motive right so it has been given to you it has been shared to you from those who do not who have not shared with a good motive you know if they want to trouble you they want to agitate you and they have brought this to you and it is not another gospel it is nowhere good news and it comes from those who want to trouble you it comes from those who want to whose objective is to pervert or corrupt the gospel of Christ okay so so which brings us to that question so what is the gospel of Christ right so we know that the gospel of the Lord Jesus the good news is it's the power of God for salvation right it is it is something that is to be received it is given in grace which is to be received by faith right it is the like in Romans chapter one we see Paul saying that it is the power of God for salvation right it is the power of God for salvation and let's look at that verse Romans chapter one and verse 16 when he says that he's not ashamed of this gospel of Christ the good news of the cry of Jesus Christ and good news of this messiah right it is the power of God first of all it is the power of God to salvation it is the power of God to save someone for everyone who believes and it's for all for the Jews and for the Greeks it is the power of God power of God to break the power of sin power of God to save to bring a person from the clutches of sin into life right it into which brings that person into salvation it is the power of God this gospel of Christ so he says you know this what has been shared is in no way that it is no way compared to that you can't even compare as so it is it is first of all it is not the good news secondly it is it has been given to you with the wrong motive which means that they don't they just want to trouble you and they want to corrupt the gospel of Christ okay then verse eight okay so and then this is you know this is a very powerful verse because he says but even if we okay so call or anyone from the team okay even if we or an angel from heaven okay so we know that angels are you know ministering spirits and they are messengers you know we read in Hebrews and they are given to minister to those who inherit salvation which is you know us believers they they do minister but he's saying you know that even if we you know who have been ministering suddenly if you come with a different gospel okay even if we are an angel from heaven preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you okay if there's any other gospel apart from this gospel of Christ that we have preached okay now he says the second part of it let him be accursed or let him be brought to ruin okay and that word occurs that you know the Greek word is anathema okay let him be separated from God let him you know so it's a very strong thing that he's actually wishing the other person right let him whoever does this letter anathema which means that let them be you know let him be separated excommunicated let them be you know let them be brought to ruin so it's a broad you know in the sense brought to destruction so it's not it's not a very nice thing but the reason Paul says is that that news or a corrupted gospel will corrupt a person right the corrupted gospel is is able to when a person receives that and lives by that it is not the power of God it is not the truth therefore you know it is not the power of God in operation in their lives so they miss out on the grace of God it is it becomes something else right so if a person is doing that let them be brought to destruction let them be doomed to destruction let them be separated let them be excommunicated you know let them be accursed okay and we know that a curse is a reverse blessing right a blessing from God all the good things and a curse is all the negative things so he's saying you know let them let those negative things be in their life and let them be separated let them be brought to destruction because they've you know they are troubling and they are corrupting the gospel okay so very strong words so the reason again is this because he believes he has experience he believes in the gospel of Christ he is not ashamed of the gospel of Christ he has shared the gospel of Christ because of which you know the people who are the churches at Galesh have received Christ and experienced the power of God right they've experienced salvation and therefore they should not turn away he's warning them very strictly in you know he's so in very blatant of he's warning them saying you cannot turn away from this because when you turn away from this gospel you are actually turning away from Christ and you're turning away from the person of Christ and and and this is this is this is a serious matter okay it is because maybe the people did not realize it was such a serious matter okay maybe the church maybe the believers did not realize that oh here's something that we have heard something new that we have heard okay let's let's move into this or you know something and so so he's saying you know it's it's a it's a very serious thing okay verse 9 again as we have said before so now I say again if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received let him be occurs so the person the messenger of the gospel let them be let them be brought to ruin brought to this destruction so you mentioned that twice verse 10 for do I now persuade men or God or do I seek to please men for if I still pleased men I would not be a bond servant of Christ so say saying now you know in this ministry whom do I persuade who am I persuading you know with this preaching with all this with all these you know persecutions with all these trials who am I persuading right I I endure this I go through this and everywhere when this gospel is preached you know there is there is persecution there is you know ridicule and everything hatred so you know I'm not seeking the favor of or I'm not seeking to please men and I'm not saying some things just to please people it is the truth and it and because I'm preaching the truth you know there is so much of persecution there is so much of attack there is so much of difficulties that I'm going through okay so you you must you must understand that I'm still continuing to do this despite all this because it is the truth okay the thing is this that you know I mean when we he goes on to you know talk about the car the gospel that he is preaching the nature of the gospel that he's preaching he's going to talk about that but you know but the thing is this now we know from the from the later chapters that is chapters like chapter 3 and so on that it was a call to return to the law the other message that the other other the Jewish people were Judea people who were following you know Judaism what they had preached to these churches where it was actually an invitation to go back to the law to go back to the customs traditions of the law to go back to be circumcised to go back to you know keeping the traditions in the law so it was an invitation to go back to that right now the thing is when the gospel was preached there was a lot of attack from the from the Jewish people right wherever he went in priests there was attack of course they were they were attacked from the non-Jewish people you know from the Gentiles who were who were actually you know like we read about them they they felt that okay they are their profit to us being cut off because people were people would stop going to the other places to worship but they would come to you know to the to the living god to worship so their means of profit was actually going you know they're going off so there was attacks they were attacks from from them also they were also attacks from the Jewish people who who felt that their importance their prominence was slowly diminishing or would diminish if people left the synagogues if people or if people you know went on to follow the Lord Jesus so so there was a lot of attack from them so Paul is saying you know am I pleasing men right if I still please men then I would not be a born servant of Christ born servant of the Lord Jesus so the thing is that the message that he preached was not inviting people to go back to the law right in fact it is to tell them that salvation does not come by keeping all these laws but salvation okay the law had a purpose but salvation comes when you receive this message of grace and it is the power of God okay so that brought a lot of attack on Paul so he's saying you know when when the others came and preached this new message saying you need to keep that as well you need to keep all the law then definitely you know the Jewish community or the Pharisees they they would have been pleased okay for for the such a message over here is someone who's inviting people to get back to the law get back to be circumcised keep the law and so on so he's saying you know am I pleasing men so that kind of a message would please man which is what you know these people are doing they are bringing this message and you know that would please them there they won't be any persecution because of that message they would not be persecuted they would not be hunted down like I am so he says if I'm preaching something to please man then I would not be a bond servant of Christ in other words he's saying you know they are actually not bond servants of Christ okay okay so then he's goes on to say I would not be a bond okay let's read from verse 11 onwards okay verse 11 and up to 17 okay but I make known to you brethren that the gospel which was preached by me is not according to man for I neither received it from man nor was I taught it but it came through the revelation of Jesus Christ for you have heard of my former conduct in Judaism how I persecuted the church of God beyond measure and tried to destroy it and I advanced in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my own nation being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers but when it pleased God who separated me from my father's womb and called me through his grace to reveal his son in me that I might preach him among the Gentiles I did not immediately confer with flesh and blood nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me but I went to Arabia and returned again to Damascus and now from 11 onwards to the end of the chapter and even the second chapter the so Paul goes on to say what kind of gospel he received and and how he received it and and also he goes on to talk about what happened after he received what he did after received so we we actually get some you know very valuable information about what happened in Paul's life after he became a believer and then and the gospel right and the gospel that he received okay so this is what he said was 11 I make known to you brethren that the gospel which was preached to me preached by me is not according to man so we know how Paul what happened and we read in the book of Acts what happened and how he became a believer okay we and accept a accept a nine right accept a nine we see we see that encounter that he has with the Lord Jesus on the road to Damascus right so and he has this encounter he with the Lord he has this he meets with Ananias and he experiences the supernatural touch of God where his blind eyes are opened he is filled with the Holy Spirit and all that happens soon after around this time so it says in verse 20 of Acts chapter 9 immediately he preached the Christ in the synagogues that he is the Son of God he began to preach immediately he began to preach this is what it is he has heard the Lord Jesus speak to him interact with him he experienced the power of the risen Lord you know in his body his eyes were opened physical eyes were opened spiritually now understand receive things he was filled with the Spirit of God he was baptized and so all these things have happened and so verse 20 we see immediately he started preaching the Christ he preached the Christ in the synagogues that he is the Son of God okay verse 22 says Paul increased all the more in strength and confounded the Jews who dwelt in Damascus proving that this Jesus is the Christ now we know that he was a follows an educated man learned man in the scriptures and he's going to talk about that also you know how he in Judaism he he went far far more advanced that means he did very well he was he learned the things he and he advanced more than his contemporaries many people who were of his who were being trained along with the he excelled right in his understanding and all that so with all that now you know something else happened right he was the spark of the Holy Spirit the revelation of the brought to him by the Lord now he was he began to preach that Jesus is the Christ that Jesus is the Son of God so he began to preach that he began to preach the gospel so he's saying here verse 11 that the gospel that he started preaching okay among the Jews is you know the acts talks about how he confounded confounded meaning they could not say anything in return like they could not argue here they were totally in other words they were they were totally you know dumbfounded they could not say anything his arguments were so powerful what he was teaching you know probably from the Old Testament texts right what he was showing them and relating that to the life of Christ probably the Old Testament prophecies and and you know about the birth of Christ and everything the teaching of Christ they could not say anything in return right they're confounded okay and this message Paul says is not according to man verse 12 for I neither received it from man nor was I taught it but it came through the revelation of Jesus Christ now he spent several years training to be a Pharisee okay that was going through the you know the texts and going through the ancient you know going through the Old Testament scriptures and being trained by under Gamaliel and and so on right so so he was trained now this training or this understanding revelation and this training did was not through man this came by the revelation of the Lord Jesus so this was a divine revelation this was God putting that revelation in his spirit so Paul just received that in his spirit and he so convinced he went ahead and preached it right okay so he says I neither received it from man nor was I taught it you know there was nobody to teach me sit down and say okay this is what the Lord Jesus it was a download it came through the revelation of Jesus Christ this is how I received it and and then he goes on to say in verse 13 you know you heard of my former conduct or my lifestyle my behavior in Judaism I'm sure you must have heard of it right because you know in Acts chapter 9 also talks about how all the churches were saying hey this Saul who became Paul this Paul who persecuted the church is now preaching the Christ the very Christ whom he persecuted or the very message that he was against he's preaching that message right so everybody knew by reputation what kind of a person he was so he's saying you heard of my former conduct in Judaism how I persecuted the church of God beyond measure okay it was a you know beyond a certain limit beyond all limits say I persecuted the church you know I arrested the people I troubled them I put them in prison right we read about all that in Acts chapter 8 how he persecuted so I persecuted the church being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers that was the kind of man I was exceedingly zealous very zealous for Judaism very zealous as a Pharisee very zealous for the Old Old Testament teachings very zealous right okay so we'll stop here and then we'll continue with verse 14 verse 14 and verse 15 right okay we'll stop here we'll take a break


As-salamu alaikum and welcome to 5 things you didn't know. In this episode, we'll be looking at Sayyid al-Shuheda, Imam al-Hussain. Fact number one, Imam al-Hussain's body lay in Karbala for three days before Imam al-Sajjad al-Salam returned to Karbala and with Bani Abbas buried his father and the other martyrs of Karbala. Imam al-Sajjad was crucial because Bani Abbas didn't know how to identify the corpse. Fact number two, when Imam al-Hussain was born on the 3rd of Sha'ban in the 4th year after Hijrah, it is narrated that the holy prophet walked in the house of Imam Ali and Sayyid al-Fatima in contrast to when Imam al-Hassan was born and the holy prophet brisk to the house in a very joyous mood. Fact number three, on the day of Ashura, Imam al-Hussain still prayed his Fajr, Zuhr and Asr Salah on time. Fact number four, many of the prophets before Rasulullah wept for the tragedies that were before on Imam al-Hussain, alayhi salam. Fact number five, when Imam al-Hussain was born, Allah sent down all the angels to the house of Sayyid al-Fatima to receive blessings from Imam al-Hussain. This has been five things you didn't know. Thank you for watching and see you next time.