So welcome again everybody for the last plenary session of this Libre annual conference. We will have the pleasure to listen to Dr. Andres Guadamuz of University of Sussex, UK whom we invited to speak about copyright, open science and challenges for research libraries. So Dr. Guadamuz, the floor is yours. Okay. Thanks very much to the organizers for inviting me and also to Dr. Lucy Gibot, who I understand recommended me when she was approached. I was lucky that she couldn't be here, so you get me. I come to this topic from long time in researching open source, particularly open science in general, and a little bit of open access actually. I've been involved in some of this from the research perspective of a legal academic.  Panics from ancient times come to me. But I'm an academic lawyer, so I'm one of the good ones, I think. I've been doing a lot of work in my perspective in this is a lot of very heavy involvement in creative commons. So a lot of the perspective that I have in the open access movement has been from a tinted very heavily with involvement with creative commons have been, I was part of CCUK when it was initially CCUK. Then we split, we voted yes, and we became creative commons Scotland, and now I'm working with creative commons Costa Rica, which I'll explain a little bit in a second. My perspective then is a little bit on that. I'm a licensed geek and I'm very interested in the licenses. So the presentation today is going to be very much general and it's a general overview of what I consider to be interesting legal developments. And already I've been attending many of the talks and I have seen that some of the things that you are talking about are not the same things that I'm interested in. So I'm a very interested in seeing whether there is an interaction because of course you are at the front line of the battle that is being waste. I like to start all of my presentations with an apology and a story. Now my apology, I already apologize that I'm a lawyer. I'm also Costa Rican as I said, so I have to apologize to all English, Italians, Uruguayans, Greeks who may be in their floor, and I apologize in advance to all the Dutch people for tomorrow. I don't know if we're going to, I don't think we're going to win, but anyway. My apologies that this presentation is slightly general, so I'm very aware that many of you know a lot of the things that I'm going to be talking about because it's so same. In my experience, librarians are usually some of the most knowledgeable people about copyright outside of the legal profession and often more than a lot of people in the legal profession. And it's because as I was saying, you are at the forefront of the battle. Now my hope is to continue going through some of the issues that I think are interesting until at some point, hopefully I'm going to say something that you hadn't heard about. So that is my objective for today. And the story is I've been presenting on open source and open access and cleared comments for quite a long time. In 2003, I was presenting at a legal conference in Edinburgh. I was in Edinburgh for many years at the University of Edinburgh. And one of the, I was the first speaker and I was sorry, I was the second speaker. And I was going to talk about open source and a little bit of a legal introduction to open source. The first speaker was one of these very conservative German law professors. I'm not going to mention the name, it's not important. But he's, it was one of those people that you sometimes meet that is not only very conservative but could be accused of being almost unimaginative in many respects. And he was speaking before me and before he presented, he said, by the way, you are going to hear a presentation next about open source, open source software. I haven't heard the presentation, I don't know the speaker but I can tell you from the beginning that this is a ridiculous topic. This is a fad, this is a subject that has no legal interest whatsoever. All of these licenses I think that are invalid. And I'm sure that if they ever get to be tested in court they're going to be struck down. Because he gave a couple of explanations. Besides it being incredibly rude to dismiss an entire field that he was obviously not an expert in, he was also wrong. So I got up, presented and thankfully I didn't even have to change the slides. One of my first slides was just recently at court in Munich has checked the validity of the GPL, the GNU General Public License and has been accepted in court and its validity has been completely accepted. The professor was looking a little bit flustered and he didn't even ask a question and he left the room. I think that that's why I have a picture of a cat. I like cats in my presentations. You're going to see several cats today. And what I have here is that through the years I've noticed a very interesting change in the debate. First we started with this idea that whenever I was presenting about open source I was like the communist coming to talk about incendiary things and I was here to start a revolution. And that's why I have Chairman Miao here. Chairman Miao, oh yes, really. But it's changed the debate and the debate has changed in a way that I think and please forgive me if I'm a bit triumphalist in this. I think we won the debate at some point. It started changing from us being representing radical ideas about that could be seen almost like communist or what do you want, sharing information or who's going to pay for it. It was one of the things that they would tell us. But the whole idea of openness, the ethos that drives us has been winning slowly. When we are looking at this from a legal perspective we are looking at licenses that allow us to use redistribution modification and access to sources. It can be access to source code in open source for example. This idea of sharing information under this is good. These are truths that I believe are self-evident and we have been winning the debate. And the debate has been won in almost all of the fields. Open science, I like to think about it as the meeting or the reunion of all of the openness movements that share all this idea of sharing information, open access, open data, open source, open content, creative commons, from a scientific perspective also things like at some point open biotechnology, all of these ideas of sharing information. I'm using licenses or contracts sometimes to share that information. And we've been winning the debate where it matters. In the policy, at the policy level. So it's now understood almost universally that if you are going to use public funds to fund your research, then that research should be made available to the public at some point for free. And this has been recognized almost by everyone, the European Commission, the White House has been fostering this and I could show you slide after slide of how this debate has been won at the policy level, research funding bodies. Now we have a mandate and I've seen a lot in the last few years, research funding bodies in the UK, the REF, the academic exercise that is going to look at our output is going to require open access because we are using public money often. So all this debate has been won and I just had to show this. I showed this at the White House published this open data action plan that is now licensing content under CC0. And I love this slide for one reason, I presented it and there were US trade representatives in the room and they just looked like they had bitten a bad apple, I need to say the least. Because I was saying, I don't want to say some truth for this, but I think that we are winning the debate where it matters. So some of the legal developments that I had promised, I'm going to start from the very basic that I think most people in the room are going to know and try to go into some things that maybe you haven't heard before. First, orphan works. I think that by now everyone knows that we had a directive in 2012 that has created a regime for orphan works in the European Union. This applies mostly to works in memory institutions and it defines orphan works as those where an author cannot be identified after a diligent search and the diligent search is identified as done with good faith by using appropriate sources and these are going to be identified in each country through consultation. Now, I won't talk a lot about orphan works mostly because it's a topic that I haven't really been paying attention in the last couple of years after the directive was passed. Mostly because personally I'm waiting for the implementation in each country and I'm looking at or hoping to see how the directive is going to be transposed in each country. There are already some draft legislation out there and I haven't looked at it in a lot of detail, to be honest. If you want to have a look at more information about it, there is a fantastic report from Create People at the University of Bournemouth, wrote the report looking at comparative work, looking at the jurisdictions, at seven different jurisdictions from memory. I think it was Canada, Japan, India, Denmark and some other countries. I think they looked at some of the US proposals and also the European approaches but it's a fantastic look. And personally, I'm pretty sure that people in the room have a lot of information about this. Personally, I'm waiting for the dust to settle and to see how the directive is going to be implemented. Then, very important message that I want to convey from a licensing perspective is that Creative Commons version 4.0 is out. This was done after a very lengthy period of consultation with stakeholders, with all of the member states, the jurisdictions that had already ported the Creative Commons licenses. So I won't talk about it in a lot of detail because I don't want to make this a very CC heavy presentation but there are two important things about CC4 that you should know about. One is that, unlike the previous versions that had been ported, CC4.0 is designed not to be ported. So everyone in the world is going to use the international version, the unported version that was known in version 3.0. So there is not going to be a national port. There is going to be only official translations of the license and that is the plan at the moment. Before we had CC2.0 England and Wales, CC2.5 Scotland, CC3.0 Netherlands, et cetera, et cetera. We had lots of ports, CC3.0 Costa Rica. Each country that was interested in porting the license translated it and adapted it to its own jurisdictions. This is no longer the case. The plan with CC4.0 is the entire world is going to use exact same license. Also, the other important thing is that the language has been internationalized and particularly this is a license that, this is a license that allows for the re-license and reuse of databases. If you have been keeping up with the debate with what has happened with licensing of databases, 3.0 was a license that specifically did not allow for the re-license of database right in Europe, which led to a forking almost in the adoption of some licenses that led directly to the creation of the Open Data Commons licenses which are designed specifically for databases. Now this has been changed. I think Creative Commons accepted that a mistake had been made and some governments as well created their own versions of licenses. I know the UK government created their own government license for the Open Data Schemes because the database license wasn't licensed or included in the license. This is the main change on 4.0. So the message that I want to convey to anyone who is already using CC in the repositories is to migrate to CC 4.0. I strongly encourage people to adopt the new licensing and I'm sure Creative Commons will be happy to help you if you have any questions about that. Enforcement, this is something that always comes up. Even now, I have been talking about this in Costa Rica sometimes and there is always a lawyer in the room that raises their hand and says, I'm sorry, but these licenses haven't been tested in court in Costa Rica, so they're not valid. And I just smirk and so many licenses haven't been tested in court and we are always considering them valid and every time I hear this argument, I just look at them and say, okay. So you're telling me that every Microsoft license in the world that hasn't been tested in court is not valid. It's an absurd argument and you can tell them if they ever tell you that, that there are lots of implementation and the licenses and open licenses in general have been declared valid in court. Every single time they get to court, there is not a single court that has said these licenses are not valid. We've had cases, a large number of GPL cases in Germany. There is a very important case in Jacobson versus Katzer in the United States, which was about the open artistic license, if I remember correctly, and lots of Creative Commons cases as well. So every time you hear and maybe you've heard it before, every time you hear someone say, oh, these licenses haven't been tested in court, it's a lie. They have been tested in civil law systems and in common law systems. So I think they're as valid as any other license agreement that we sign all the time. This is from when we could still smoke or I used to be a smoker, you could still smoke inside cafes, that picture. And they listen to Creative Commons music as well. Another interesting development that I wanted to tell you about is that Creative Commons has just released. I'm trying to think exactly, I think it was November or December of last year or maybe it's a bit later than that. A new set of licenses that are for intergovernmental organizations. So if you are in any way related to an intergovernmental organization, you can use this license. Now, this is a 3.0 version of the license, of the Creative Commons license. It's a bit complicated because as I was telling you, 4.0 is not going to be ported. All of the ports that happen that were negotiated before are coming out as 3.0. So there are some countries that were lying behind in the porting process and those countries are still going to get their version of the license. Now, this 3.0 version of intergovernmental organizations is being, was negotiated between Creative Commons and WIPO, the European Space Agency, the World Bank, UNESCO, all sorts of very good organizations. And this is out. The main thing that it contains is an arbitration clause. So because intergovernmental organizations do not like being taken to court, it was an arbitration clause was included in the license. So if you're in any way related to them, this is good news. And also I think it shows how far we've become from this 2003 when people were dismissing the licenses and the movement. That now it's a de facto standard even for international organizations like WIPO and the World Intergovernmental Organization. They're very, very heavily involved in this process. I know that everyone is aware of CC0. I didn't put this, I sort of was thinking that this should be my first slide because everyone now knows what CC0 is. The one reason why I didn't put it at the beginning is that there is a little feature that people may not know about CC0. CC0 is a Creative Commons license that allows people to dedicate a work into the public domain. The funny thing is that not every jurisdiction allows users to dedicate things into the public domain. This is actually, I just wrote, this is a bit of an announcement, personal announcement. I just presented and published a report for WIPO on copyright relinquishment. It's a comparative study of jurisdictions looking at which jurisdictions allow you to relinquish or renounce your own copyright. And it's still ambivalent in many jurisdictions. So there has been a lot of talk and even scholarly works have been claiming that some jurisdictions do not allow you to renounce to your copyright. So that's why we have CC0. CC0 acts wherever you can renounce to your copyright, you can renounce it through CC0. It's a public domain dedication, but if your jurisdiction does not allow you to renounce or to relinquish or to dedicate into the public domain, then it works as a license. As a license that operates giving you all of the rights just as if the work was in the public domain. So it's quite nice trick that CC0 pulls. And I think it's something that is not advertised sometimes because you may encounter that your jurisdiction does not allow public domain dedications and then probably someone is going to say, oh, then you cannot use CC0. No, you can't still use it because it operates as a license. Then data mining. This is a topic that I still think it's legally open. Now, we can assume that if the database is original, then probably it is protected by copyright. I'm saying probably because this is an area of law that hasn't been tested, data mining specifically. And I think it's going to come down to specific cases and what operation is being performed of the data. I have a study and there is a link to it in one of the later slides. So I'll be happy to discuss this in more detail. But generally, I still think that the question is not open, but if we are going to be conservative and assume that data mining is protected by copyright, that the database is themselves or by the database, right? Then researchers will need a license. Now, I've seen this discussed a lot and I'm not going to go through a lot of detail on the legal perspective because I think that at the moment it's open as many of you know, the UK has just passed a series of reforms to its copyright legislation, including Parody, private copying. We can finally rip CDs legally, imagine, it's 2014. But also it allows for, it creates an exception in the legislation for data mining for non-commercial purposes and this is something that has been discussed a lot. Why am I saying that this is not an important legal issue because I want to send a very strong message. Oh, here's one of the cats, by the way. I want us to preempt the legal debate. It doesn't matter, okay, the UK has created an exception but it's for non-commercial purposes. What happens if you have commercial funding, et cetera, et cetera. Let's preempt the debate by making sure that the originators of research, that is OSAS researchers and you ask curators of that research through institutional repositories or libraries that we are sure that this data is being offered under some form of open or permissive license or you have at least a policy that allows data reuse and data sharing. And I just use open licenses for your work because this is, I didn't put the link but at the bottom is the name of the report, the article that I wrote with Diane Cabell in this topic and we looked at this data from 2012, recorded metadata reuse policies, 59% were undefined. And in recorded full text data reuse policies, this is UK only for 2012, 55% were undefined. So please, let's move this. I'm guessing that maybe the figures have shifted in the two years since we did this research. But this is appalling. We should be making sure that repositories, libraries and all sorts of data that is publicly available has a policy that allows reuse or if it's not allowed that at least it's stated somewhere because I spent days and days and days looking at policies in repositories and it was appalling. I'm sure that many of the people in this room, if you're here for a reason, you're the ones that are in the minority but we need to change this really. We need to make sure that all of our policies are stated and can be found through computers. So that is, if you don't get anything at all from this talk, please at least go to your repositories and to your institutions and try to make sure that we have very clear data because then if we are allowing data mining in our institutions on that other source, then the legal questions are moot, really, because it's already licensed. That is the whole idea behind open access, I think. Just briefly, I heard a lot of concerns about APIs in general and I wanted to just quickly refer to it because it's a topic that is of increasing concern. A lot of the interaction with data nowadays occurs through APIs. Now API law usually is governed by contracts by terms of use, terms of service or end user license agreements. That is well and fine. Now because it's governed mostly by contract, it's a subject that you're going to be bound by terms and conditions of the API that you're using. Now what if you want to create your own API? This is already being the subject of some case law. Oracle versus Google is an interesting case where it was a lengthy piece of case law that had patterns, trademarks, and a little bit of copyright. And the copyright part is that Google created its own API that resembled Oracle's API and they created it because they didn't want to pay Oracle royalty fees, licensing fees. In the end, the ruling found that the structure with which Oracle had created, in which they had created their API was not subject to protection. The same has happened in the UK and ECJ. SAS versus World Programming is a case that even though it's not specifically about APIs, it's about functional elements of software and the ECJ, the European Court of Justice, found that functional elements are not protected by copyright. So this could apply or could be used with APIs. Okay, a couple of other cases. This is 2004 and I can't believe that we're still talking about linking in case law, but there has been case law on linking. That means whether this is important for libraries because for example, aggregator services have been taken to court by aggregating information and linking to it. For example, this is Vincent and others, it's a Swedish case that made it all the way to the Court of Justice of the European Union. And a group of journalists were writing for the newspaper website and they sued Retrievers Ver... I'm sorry, I can't pronounce Swedish. A commercial indexing service which provides its clients with links to articles published by other websites. So the claimants argued that the practice amounted to copyright infringement because it was not clear that they were being direct to a site hosting content in another website. Well, the defendants claimed that their clients knew that the content was hosted elsewhere. This is important for librarians, I think. It's a very important case because sometimes what you're doing is indexing information. Now, the court decided that the provision on a website of clickable links to works freely available on another website does not constitute an act of communication to the public and therefore it's not copyright infringement. I was saying, it's crazy and amazing that we're still talking about linking data in 2014 but it's something that has made it to court. So I think it's important for you to know that this is finally getting decided. And a public relation consultants versus NLA, it's another linking case and it's very similar. So I'm just going to run through it because I'm running out of time. Just quickly, if you're going to have access to this, I am part of a project that is looking at creating a social layer for legislation case law in the European Union called Open Laws. And I would love if you would be able to fill a survey that is linked there. We are trying to get information from people who handle legal information, things like case law and law. If you handle that in any of your institutions, we'd love to hear from you of how your users are using that data so that's an announcement. My final, I've run through, I know it was a bit of a gallop through some legal issues that I think are interesting. I'm already these days, I've noticed that there are things that I haven't even beginning thinking about. Linking data, I think it's an interesting legal issue. I haven't even really touched on metadata. There is things like copy fraud, what happens if something is in the public domain and someone is digitizing it, what are the copyright issues of that? I haven't even begin touching on those issues. So I know that there are more aspects or more legal aspects that I haven't even begun. I would like to then hear from you and hear from your experiences and I cannot provide legal services, by the way. But thanks very much. Questions? Thanks so much to Dr. Gwazamus. Do we have a question for him? Thank you. David Proste from Research Library UK. Thanks for that. It's a very clear presentation of what is a very, for many of us, a very complex issue. I'm not actually going to ask a question. I've got a comment because just now there's been some added complexity. The large publishers association, STM, who represent the large commercial journal publishers, have just released a set of rival open access licenses to Creative Commons. So they've created their own licenses that they're going to be promoting. So STM has Elsevier, Wiley, Springer and such like as their members. And so my initial, following an initial reading of the licenses, I want to encourage all of us to try and resist this because it's going to add greater complexity. It's going to make text and data mining even harder because there'll be so many different licenses and such like. So if we can stand firm and promote Creative Commons as the ideal license for openness, I think that'd be a very positive thing. Thanks very much. Completely agree with that. I don't want to sound, as I was saying, a selling Creative Commons too hard because I've worked with Creative Commons, but I think there are very important advantages to using Creative Commons over, even though I was part of the team that gave rise to open data commons, for example, I'm encouraging now people to migrate to Creative Commons just because it makes interoperability much easier. It's much, anyone that knows about open source software knows that nightmare that is interoperability between open source licenses, some are interoperable only downstream and it creates a huge problem. So I encourage people to actually try to maintain themselves in the same licensing environment because it makes sharing much easier. It avoids complex interoperability issues and I'll have to look at the licenses. Are these licenses, all I can say is good luck with that. Yeah. Do we have other questions for Dr. Guedermas? Mariam Borosti from Fraunhofer Research Center. I didn't follow completely the discussion on the copyright issue concerning the Google snippets. Search results are presented that might touch us as well. So if we gather information and want to present something, can you tell us the status of the discussion? What is the copyright status of those snippets and how those discussions will end up? So what has been happening with the snippets, things like Google News, it has been a subject of, I wasn't really talking about the snippet aspects, specifically more linking to data. I know that they have been subjected to cases and litigation in some national countries. Now, I haven't been following too much the debate, but I know that there have been adverse cases to snippets in the Netherlands and in Denmark, if I understand correctly. Now, it hasn't made it all the way to the ECJ and I'm hoping that if it does, it's going to receive the same type of treatment that the linking has received. So the cases that we have at the moment are not of snippets. They're about linking to data where it may seem that the data is located somewhere else. So as far as I know, it hasn't made it to the ECJ. It's unfortunate that some national courts have declared some snippets to be infringing copyright. It's completely unfortunate. I'm hoping that this is just an aberration. Sometimes some national courts do things that we don't agree with. But I'll be happy to find out if there have been some other litigation in other countries. Those are the two cases that I'm aware of at the moment. Yeah, thanks. Last question. I have just one thing I would, I don't want to let you go without asking. If a library, as my library, we don't have any lawyer in the library. If there is one thing we should do and could do as a library without any lawyer inside, what would be the thing you say that you can do and this would be effective to be better? Oh, that's an excellent question. I'm an academic lawyer, so I don't like lawyers either. No, just joking. I would say that having a clear policy, I know that at least in the UK, I'm aware that a lot of bodies, I know Research Councils UK is a good example, GS, Sherpa, they have a lot of documentation that allows librarians to bypass legal advice specifically. So any very clear policies is the way to go, I think. Hopefully machine readable, machine searchable, some form of a standard RDF. Now there are lots of formats and technical formats that can allow search engines to read rights. And I think that can be implemented without any lawyer. So if you have a very clear set of policies, it's the best way to keep the lawyers away. Definitely. Okay, so thank you again, Dr. Guadamos. I'm very happy to do that. Thank you.


I'm in a large position. They go find your skin and the swallow, we smother kicking. Your breasts by your thighs, we cutting kicking. That drum stick ain't bucking, like Kentucky kicking. 27th of June, flex records, digital physical copies as well. It's all hip-hop, it's a bit different to my usual stuff, so yeah, we're close to releasing it. Well, it's hip-hop for one, I've never really done a cool hip-hop release. Since I had my little boy, I just had to take a step back and look at what kind of music I was making and what examples I was setting in my music. Yo, what's good? It's your boy Err back here at Bricks and Jam. It's the 5th annual April Fool's Event, it's late May.  We still call it April Fool's, it's all love. Thank you very much to everybody coming out of the staff, the DJs, the fans, the battlers, everybody. We're getting to one of the main events of the day, it is yet another on beat battle. We've got two hip-hop beats and a grime beat to finish it off in style. This is non-juice, so please make sure you click through at the end. Give us a vote for who you think won. Shouts to Boyz, Shouts to Luna, Shouts to all the other sponsors. Shouts to Atsam Lowns, that's his Twitter for the Friday, all the catering for the day. Big up Blue Cheese as well, man. Shouts out Blue Cheese. Anyway, enough of that shit, into the battle right about now. MC in this on beat battle clash on my right hand side. We have Bamalow, make some noise, let's go. And MC on my left hand side, we've got my man Brucie, make some noise. Alright, Bam's up first, and that's how it's going to keep starting for the three rounds. I'm going to pass the mic over to the left. Bam, that's Brucie, beat number one on handle. It wasn't long before I clocked upon all the styles you copied on. All I had to hear was a couple songs, words if it is closed. Where you think it's closed, borrowed from. Take something old, wash it once and try to show it on. If art imitates life, your design was weak. Only crime and seed, this guy's feet is slippery. Or some no-names, you wouldn't find inside this league. I think that says it all about your library. Cause you put the brew in brutality. And then put the seed, can't wrap on beats. I did an advert for Foot Locker in an actual feat. Out night, air max randomly. It seems originality is a dying trade. Look how many parody designs this guy has made. I'm going to keep it direct. Everything he's trying to spate. No content or product placement he might complain. I've always wondered some things about how Bam will roll. So I've got a couple little questions for this bagged clone. One, what's it like being hated by the fans? Two, how's it feel taking the stick up in your batty hole? He's the guy's bitch, shot in every man he's knowing. We should call you Atkinson. Cause you're always after Rowan. He lets you do your own events to help the league. The only thing is Bam and I'm a bet you're still paying entry fee.   Won't be long until you use you on your knees in a human centipede with vaginal cruder and sea magic. In your battles, manna you're in a lot. Awkward and lost, manna come and put this dog in a box. You're like watching Chelsea as they storm to the top.  Shit nigga, we're from that 2012 killer crop. Back when you were killing MCs trying to hit the top. But now Rowan's got you on a doggy lead and you hardly compete. So it looks like your mission's lost. Time's passed now in the scene, you're not a name. Just a side man to them, they could be easily replaced. You lost or effect, trying to team up with a fame.  Round two, make some noise, make some noise. I see you deaf on his car, but it's nothing charo. The man who beat a hundred bullets with just an arrow.  When he's clutching ammo, most remember the thing about your Zen battle.  Flip your name and fit your face to the cup too. I'm down with it. If it's far as they want to work through this crowd, British, they expect me to serve through. Quit bragging about all of them sets and braids for that little bit of cash. It really ain't impressive, mate.  No respect was gained. They all want to hear bars. Just dance on MDMA.  You a performance clown. 80% of your bars is ad libs and awkward sounds. Trying to force it now. Flipping up your audience well. Nobody likes a good brew if it's watered down. Grime's OK. Hip hop got clutch to beat. You just words of flows. All you got is schemes. You can't punch with me.  Shouldn't try and slow down. Like the bus in speed. You only making songs that you stole gimmicks with. Taking brand names. Clone a Mimikit. Sell it for your own. Don't know what your own image is. Work, raise, micro, brew your flows. Limited. This round I'm gonna have to run for a sec. I don't mean to be rude or hit the staff with a threat. But somebody's gonna have to take a slap to the head. If I ever see you host another battle again. Rowan, why you got him on the camera? When you know this dude is who?  He's like, it's bam slash, you're what? That shit's confusing. But Nami, the only person here that's confused is you. You back. Nobody wants to see that. Shit and rubber, they bought Mr. 13 back. Got Bruce's came back to don't flop to beast a battle.  Shit.  You switch crews to try to prove your listeners. I thought that this guy was in divine rights. I guess you left him behind.  Yo, spitting with me. You know my bars are trouble. In a clash with Bama Lam, you know he's gonna start to struggle. Can't dance, he can't dance. Just to par your hustle. Man, a son in Bam Bam. You can call me Barney Rubble. Got no fans in there. You're de-flated. Got the best record. Still you're the least rated. Swagger of a cat. I don't know what he's been taking. Game to the clash. He's looking like a keen rapist. Trust me. Yeah, man. Yeah. About I am Brew. Got mucked off by I am Oon. How you gonna let him remix the slogan? Get owned when he didn't ride that tune. Didn't hype. It's already dead this week. He even lost the flex. That's peak. Man, a beat. I let Bessie lead. You accepted. Then now you're resting teeth. Know that he want me to drop in his flow. Did you think Bruce, he would stop him? He know. Ain't that funny? All he wants is clash money. But it's fake like Monopoly dough. Ha! Day two million losses at home.  How can you rep for the not on them roads? Hold on. We all know where you stole your flow from. About I can't make ha! Now I can finish you in a move like Oon. Want to talk our tunes so we can go on. Know that he want me to drop in his flow. Did you think Bruce, he would stop him? He know. Ain't that funny? All he wants is clash money. But it's fake like Monopoly dough. Ha! Day two million losses at home.  How can you rep for the not on them roads? You flapped against I am. Got bodied and choked. Hold on. We all know where you stole your flow from. About I can't make ha! Now I can finish you in a move like Oon. Want to talk our tunes so we can go on. Man, the beats are punching. That's Voltron. Man, I'll split your team. It's like Ultron. I can get Bruce Banner if I hold on. Smash. You will not win this clash. You cannot bring this back. You stop thinking that. You cannot split your trash. You need practice, bro.  Man, the time don't get things and don't clash. I send them off and make them wrap with you. Yo, make some noise for that round, innit? Yo. It's about to get real personal though. It's getting so personal right now. Yo. Listen. Bam's older sister looks like Juan. She wanted D. I was like, Juan. Juan. I am Bruce. Bars get a highlight. I can do. See a bag of man with an iron brew. Then when I gas, I am. Yo. I am Oon. Yo. Bam's older sister looks like Juan. She wanted D. I was like, Juan. Saw her in a raid with thick glasses and a quiff. I turned around like, no, is that Juan? Rowan, fight that a ring to your lob. When I freestyle, none of my car caused drums. Rowan, this is last night at Earth Barbecue. Every man in the place was like, Juan. Yo.  If you really want to try jump, put my weight by your head. L-E-A-N. And I've come like, Bamalab. It's not a thing. Bamalab. Bamalab. Don't play games or galabam. Bamalab. But on road like a caravan. Bamalab. Let me come again. I don't really. I don't really, just calm, just calm. I've come like, Bamalab. Bamalab. He's starting my B-A-M-A-Lamb, B-A-M-A-Lamb. Don't play games or galabam, B-A-M-A-Lamb. But on road like a caravan, B-A-M-A-Lamb. Got no food. Farm of the Bama Lounge. Looking like part of the Canít see Bama Lounge. Looks like you part of the talent, Bama-Lamb. Bama Lounge will get wrapped in a paragraph. Yo, what's wrong with your specs, fam? Act hard, but choose the best kid When you came here looking like proverbärre tarde. Men's got pubes in his head. Say this guy have a word my money to stop grinding on her. I said my money to stop grinding on her Hey, boss to watch you get finished. You want to know what's joke? No, it comes like burns And you come like smithers you don't want to clash proceed get with it. I'm beating watching get diminished.  That's blasphemy that's


Hello, hi, society. Good to talk to you all today. Welcome back, very happy to discuss tips on how to start your family bank. So we've all heard this probably in the last two years. It became very popular on how to set up your family bank. So we're just gonna go through this one Forbes article and we're gonna follow up this conversation with examples of some billionaires who have successfully done this. But in this particular video, we're gonna discuss some of the pieces that are needed, okay? So I hope everyone has a piece of paper and a pen to take some notes. I will also of course drop these links in the description of the video so that way you can refer to them later. Okay, so let's talk about the rings that you are needing and there are three, okay? So we will call these three legacy rings, three family legacy rings. How I like to think of them is like a tree. If you ever cut a tree, you'll see all of the rings. And of course those rings tell you the age of that tree. Well, at one point that one center ring was the very first one, right? So that was the foundation of that particular tree.  So everything starts from that one circle, right? So it's all about the foundation. And then of course they have the rings and more rings that go around it. So today we're gonna talk about those three rings because we wanna make sure that our foundation is solid so that way our heirs and future generations have success. So let's look at this first ring here. It says the first ring that you need in order to set up your family bank, you need a family office. And you're probably thinking, what I need to go buy commercial real estate, Nicole? What do you mean? No, not that type of office, okay? This is a concept lifted straight from the Rockefellers who we're gonna talk about again soon in the next video. Okay, and their family office consists of attorneys, accountants, fiduciaries and investment advisors and more. So if you're just like, look, I don't wanna go any further with this video because I am not a billionaire. How can I set something up like this? Well, I'm just here to let you know that everyone can set this up on their level, whichever level that you're on, okay? So for instance, with legal shield, you can have access to various attorneys for a small fee, okay? So for a $29.95 amount, you can have access for your personal legal plans, all right? So if you need access to just regular attorney for the IRS or things of that nature, you definitely, the tax attorney, you have access to that, okay? Or if you have your business, you can actually get the business plan. They're about $99, it's the lowest plan that they have and you can choose to do that and you can receive advice for legal from that way. So you don't have to have tens of thousands of dollars or millions of dollars to get started, you know? You can actually start your family office on a level that is affordable to you. And then in addition to that, if they discuss having accountants, fiduciaries, who are your tax advisors, all right? Maybe you can include them in this particular ring and then investment advisors, maybe you already have a plan with Fidelity or Charles Swab.  So you can actually start there. If you have questions when you contact customer service, they're happy to help you. So if you have to start at that level, definitely do that, all right? So the family office is a cohesive team and that's the real word that you're looking for here. You wanna make sure that you have a team that has your back and has your best interests at heart. That they're working on your family's behalf. And again, you don't have to be wealthy to have one, all right? And then let's look at the second ring here. The second ring is the family constitution. And I absolutely love this. And this is something that I actually still personally have to write for myself and my family because I think this is amazing, you know? Having your own constitution, it doesn't matter what's happening out in the world. It's about what your principles are and what laws you and your family are gonna abide by, okay? Within the walls of your home, okay? Or your institution, okay? So I love that. So this document spills out the most important lessons, philosophies, values and principles that you want to share. So maybe some of your values is, you know, making sure that everyone goes to college, right? And gets to degree. Or maybe some of your values is making sure that everyone is married before they have kids. You can actually put that in your particular constitution, okay? Or anything else that's important to you. You also can create a family mission statement that points out why you're trying to preserve, protect and perpetuate the family's wealth. This is very important. Going back to those rings on a tree, you want to be able to have this. So that way, whether you're here or not, there is something in writing that the next generation can read, they can understand, and they know why they need to keep this going. Because what happens, what do we see all the time? The younger people, my generation, generations after me, especially when it comes to farming, what are they not doing? They're not taking over the family farm, are they? No, they're not taking over the family farm.  And then what's going to happen to that family farm that's been in existence for over a hundred years, it's going to go out of business, okay? Or it's going to get sold. It's going to change hands. Wealth is going to leave the last name for that family. And so we do not want that, you know, for our air. So we need to communicate to them the importance of what we're doing and why it is so important to preserve, okay? And we have to show them that because if people just don't really understand the importance of it, they're not going to put their blood, sweat and tears in it like you have done or your grandparents have done. And so this is really great. And this says, what you include will serve as a signpost for future generations. So again, create this as part of your estate planning and definitely check out our will webinars that we have already posted and we'll discuss that again in the future because there's a lot of changes too coming up. But yes, so be sure to designate who will be responsible for instilling these values, you know, and your children if something happens to you, you know, or the other parents. I know sometimes people don't like to think about that, but these things do happen.  And then lastly, this is so fun right here, okay? The third and final ring is the family retreat. And I don't know about you, but I love to travel.  Of course, definitely talk to your tax advisor, but when you go on that trip and you have your annual family meeting, right? To discuss everything that we're talking about, then you can actually write that off. And so this is how the rich stay rich, okay? Because they understand this. And so let's talk about why they have decided to have a family retreat. So in this example, they have a gentleman here who's discussing, you know, his relationship with his cousins and how they have a strong bond because they have these family retreats, okay? And just like them, you can too, okay? It's really great for your children to have these conversations early with their cousins because sadly now a lot of families just don't even know each other, do they? You know, I grew up in an era where we used to have family unions every two years or we had traditions where we would always go to a certain location for Christmas, you know, a certain city every single year, you know, or maybe there were cousin strips that you would partake on, you know, or just different things like that for everybody to get to kind of know who is who and the family. But now everybody is so distant or lives so far away or just so busy in their own lives, you know, it's just getting really, really harder, especially if you have a patriarch or matriarch that passed away and no longer is that glue to keep the family together. So take it upon yourself to be that person, to get the family together, right? To start this family bank, all right? And then also more importantly, just to create that unity and that bond. And so this is gonna be what you're gonna see soon when we talk about the Rockefellers in the next segment, how this has been one of their keys to success for their over six years of generations of having their family bank. So we will talk soon about that. And then just lastly here, who should be included in a family bank? Okay, again, look at this. The Rockefeller family has somewhere between 150 and 200 family members who now receive benefits from this bank. But guess what? It all started with one person. So it can just start with you having this idea to wanna put something like this together for your family. Now we all know our family, right? Sometimes you may not wanna start so big with 150 to 200 people because you know your family. So maybe you just may have to start with your immediate family. If you all have a family of four or five, maybe you can start there.  And just kind of go from there because they would have already had the foundation of seeing it as a child. So once they get married and have their kids, that would be an easy way to, what am I trying to say, transition for them to be a part of, right? Then just having this lofty idea and trying to sell the benefits to someone who may not have grown up in that environment. So that's pretty awesome on that. But yeah, definitely if you have to just start off with just your family, that's totally fine. But yes, the reason why they wanted to start this family bank is to cut out the middleman. You know, what happens right now at this time, if you want to purchase a house, and let's just say you're not paying cash, right? But you want to get financing, right? You have to go to a bank to get their approval. And that paperwork is so lengthy, okay? And then it's basically up to them to decide yes or no if they want to do that. And same thing with the car, same thing with maybe receiving money to fund your business. You know, same thing with everything. And so what I really love about the Rockefellers is that they're like, hey, look, we can be our own bank. We don't need to go to anyone. You know, we're just as smart if not smarter. You know, we know who we need to lend money out to or to give money out to, right? So I believe we are just as smart, okay? We know who is responsible, who is not, who has great ideas, who's not, what the new trends are, what's coming up in the future. It's just about researching and looking at the trends and staying ahead, right? So I just really love that.  And I would not recommend delaying this. Why do I say this? Because banks are starting to, the banking industry, which we're gonna talk about in a different video as well, but they're starting to have a lot of troubles. Like they've been having a lot of troubles, honestly, since mid 2022 is when I saw it, okay? Is when I really start to see the recession start to take hold. I know a lot of people wanna say we're not in recession, but for the definition of recession that actually happened mid 2022. So we are currently in a recession, okay? And you can actually see that from all of the people that are being laid off right now in banking. It's like already over 20,000 people just in 2023 alone. And all of these major bank closures like 160 plus, I believe is what Bank of America is doing. We'll have done before the end of this year and more on the way because they're incorporating AI and things of nature trying to reduce their expenses. So another thing that was very shocking is that some of these banks are putting a pause. I just saw that today. I believe it was with Wells Fargo. They were putting a pause on some of their lending for mortgages and it's like, whoa, time out. This is how you make your bread and butter. So there's a lot happening in a real estate. That's also another video that we're gonna talk about because a lot of that relates to insurance, homeowners insurance and things of that nature. But we will talk about that soon too. But yes, there's so much happening. So you don't wanna have to rely on people or industries right now that are unreliable. So a great thing to do is to be able to be your own bank and cut out that middleman. So I hope this information has been really great for you. If you're interested in creating your own bank, we definitely have life insurance policies. We live in benefits that can definitely assist you with that where you can actually accrue cash. And so reach out to us and that would be at quotes at aimutual.com, visit us online at www.aimutual.com. We look forward to helping your family get started with your own family bank. And of course we can set everything up with the LLCs and the trust via legal shields. And so visit us at nivry.wearelegalshield.com and we look forward to speaking to you soon. We'll see you on the next video.


MWR offers a variety of resources to boost the morale of service members throughout the fleet. For Junior Sailors aboard Naval Air Station's Sigonella, there's the Take 5 Liberty Center. Liberty Center is our facilities that target our junior enlisted primarily E6, E5, and below, and provide alcohol-free activities and programs. Not only does Take 5 provide a non-alcoholic environment, but it provides many means of comfort for its patrons. But personally, I've been here a few months now and it's a great way to kill time, there's a lot of stuff to do around here, come and do homework for the video games, it's kind of a home away from home, so you can't complain, you know. Take 5 could be your home away from home as long as you're a USID card holder 18 years of age or older. Reporting from Naval Air Station's Sigonella, I'm Petty Officer Sean Hillier.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we will discuss the following question. And the question says if 1 upon p is equal to q r upon q plus r, make r the subject of the formula. Hence calculate r if p is equal to 1 upon 7, u is equal to 5 and 1 upon 4. Let's start the solution now. We are given this formula and we have to make r the subject of the formula. So the given formula is 1 upon p is equal to q r upon q plus r. Now to make r the subject of the formula, we will express r in terms of other variables that is p and q. First we will do cross multiplication. So on cross multiplying we get this implies q plus r is equal to p q r. Now we will transpose r to the right hand side. So this implies q is equal to p q r minus r. This implies q is equal to taking r common we get r into p q minus 1 the whole or we can say that r into p q minus 1 the whole is equal to q. This implies r is equal to q upon p q minus 1. So in this way we have made r the subject of the formula. Therefore the required formula with subject r is equal to q upon p q minus 1. So this is the answer. Now we have to calculate r if p is equal to 1 and 1 by 7 and q is equal to 5 and 1 by 4. So when p is equal to 1 and 1 by 7 this is equal to 8 upon 7 and q is equal to 5 and 1 by 4 which is equal to 21 by 4. This implies r is equal to substituting the values of p and q in this formula we get q that is 21 by 4 upon e e to q that is 8 by 7 into 21 by 4 minus 1. Now in the denominator 7 3 times is 21 and 3 2 times is 8. So this implies r is equal to 21 by 4 upon 6 minus 1. This implies r is equal to 21 by 4 into 1 upon 5. This implies r is equal to 21 upon 20 which is equal to 1 and 1 by 20. Hence r is equal to 1 and 1 by 20 and this is the final answer. With this we end our session. Hope you enjoyed the session.


So Han, welcome to ODSC India. Pleasure to have you here. Thank you so much. My pleasure. So Han, you just gave a talk here at ODSC India I was part of the audience myself a very packed room So please do tell us a little bit about yourself and a little bit about your talk So my name is Sohan. I work in Amazon in the Alexa team as a developer evangelist Right, so I spoke a little bit today about the machine learning and the data science that goes into Alexa right Alexa is is At the forefront of voice tech right now There's a lot of speech to text a lot of natural language understanding There's a lot of text to speech all of this involves a lot of machine learning a lot of data science So that was the focus of my talk today Yeah, and Amazon Alexa as many people know extremely impressive product. I remember the first time I brought one home plugged it in and I spoke that understood my Irish accent and amazingly it understood my daughter's Seven-year-old accent at the time and that was very impressive. So what are the breakthroughs in the last couple of years that enabled These models were instead of train them for long periods of time and training your voice all of a sudden now You can just go straight into giving them voice commands Yeah, so two things one is I think the general speech to text has gotten so much better In fact, I remember reading a report saying we are almost or nearly as good as any human Right, which is like a 95 96% of speech to text conversion And a lot of small improvements have happened on the natural language understanding front as well Right and because we have access to so much more data right now we're able to process it and you know hold context and things like that and It's really improved and and we've had a lot of good talks today about how you know Just small changes in like say a data set or representing certain ways of what a user is saying has led to so much of an increase in You know conversions and speech to text improvement. So And for someone interested in this area, what are some of the models? They should be looking at machine learning or deep learning models. Do you recommend that they take a look at and study? Yeah, so I'd say it depends on what you're really interested in There's a lot of so I spoke a little bit about This thing called a hypothesis re-ranker, right? Which is how the best skill is chosen for what a user saying which uses like a recurrent neural network and Bidirectional LSTMs, right? So if they interest in that, maybe that's that's the way to go There's a lot of things that happen in the speech front as well, right? Like like let's take India for example There's just so many different accents and dialects and ways to represent things So there's a lot of advancements that's happened in speech recognition And one thing I personally like people to really do is maybe pick Indian languages and you know natural language understanding in Indian languages Because that's something that's not been explored too much But I think has a lot of potential to change billions of lives. So excellent and what are some of the other interesting areas of Text on elixir NLP research that you are coming that they're coming to the front for front right now at the moment Let's see now so One what I spoke about earlier is the Indian language support Like in India is a fairly large country and not everyone speaks English. There's just so many different languages So the first step is a lot of people speak English with Words from their native tongue throne and so that is like a challenge in itself And second is conversing in like a Hindi or a Kannada for example, right? Unfortunately Indians have started coming online and very recently So there's not that much data available for like NLP in these languages But now they are right. So there is access to the data. So, you know, there's a lot of advancements I know a lot of Universities and academies are working on this So would really like to see some sort of innovation in Excellent and you mentioned LSTM models like the idea of these models having a memory, but how far away do you think you we are from? moving away from question-and-answer platforms to True dialogue system. So when I ask Alexa, what's the weather? It tells me it's raining. I ask it. Should I bring an umbrella or not with a note answer? Big ask true. Yeah, and bit of what I spoke today about was, you know, how Changing how we represent what the user said helps in like these sort of contextual answers, right? Where if I say something like Find me a restaurant near the cricket game It's very difficult because you have to sort of relate two different intents But now with like the Alexa meaning representation language, which is something that we're working on It becomes easier to sort of represent this interaction So hopefully that will help with you know contextual things like what you said Yeah, context is gonna be very very exciting and so to come so people who are interested in Doing NLP machine learning around that. What are some of the tools platforms? Alexa's got an API. I know that that you'd recommend So I'm more I work more on the Alexa side of things. So to be honest, I'm not too sure about about the you know The machine learning parts of things, but we have an open API and an open SDK We have like a bunch of templates for skills that you can build as well So I just say, you know explore some of that stuff again. I'm not too sure on the other side of things No, no worries and I want to ask you about how your ODSC ODSC India experience has been so far, but you were on the selection committee. So Yeah, so to be honest, I work as an evangelist, so I do a lot of conferences This is one conference that I know is purely about providing value to the attendees, right? It's not about the money It's not about the sponsors It's not about any of that stuff in the sense that I was part of the committee every talk was chosen democratically based on the sort of value it would provide to the people attending which I think is fantastic not too Many other conferences do that and ODSC did that really really well And you know, I was really touched and I was really inspired by how they approached it and so far It's been amazing. I met some great people. So really looking for a great talk Great job in the selection committee and to you and everyone else who helped organize ODSC. So thank you very much Thank you so much. Thank you