The head of the Charles brought thousands to the hub over the weekend. We bring you to the shores of the Charles for the world's largest two-day regatta. Thousands of rowers flock to the base state over the weekend for the head of the Charles regatta. The annual race attracts athletes of all ages. Pym Goodbody took part in the first race of the weekend. Although he wasn't happy with his performance, he said the conditions were perfect. The three-mile regatta starts right here outside of the DeWolf Boat House at Boston University, attracting over 300,000 spectators. Boston University's crew teams had six top ten finishes, and a race team member say they practiced hard for. Well, this is the first race of the season, so we've really just been practicing twice a day for the last seven or eight weeks, and really just getting prepared pretty much just for this race. Team members are happy with their results so far this season after a solid performance in the textile river regatta earlier this month. We raced in pairs. That racing came first through 12th. We had 12 pairs, so pretty solid. But this is really our first test of the season. We've been hitting it hard this year, and I think everyone's bought into the program, which is a good thing. The men's team finished second in the club eight race. Four men's placed third in the Saturday's club four race. The first regatta took place in the mid-60s. 17 course records were set on Saturday.


Hey, hey, what are you doing outside? I was gonna see if you could help me take down the uh, is that a hummingbird's nest? We should do the hummingbird cocktail. Oh, that would be awesome. We should do that. Yeah, no, that's that's a that's a wasp's nest He never listens To build the hummingbird you'll start with half a banana now if you can freeze your bananas ahead of time This will allow you to cut back a little bit on the ice next We'll add two strawberries and a quick little trick for these if you just use a plastic straw You can pull them out and you won't have to worry about any of the bits that aren't super flavorful in the strawberry Getting in your drink next you'll add one ounce of gold rum one ounce of coffee with cure One ounce of rum cream and one ounce of cream We're gonna cap that off and blend it all together Once everything is combined. We're gonna add two cups of ice Now as you've probably heard me say before you can always add less ice if you don't tend to like your frozen cocktails It'd be quite a slushy or add more if you really like them really icy cap it off and blend until integrated Pour it into the glass of your choice And we're gonna garnish with a strawberry and a fun umbrella straw and There you have the hummingbird frozen cocktail I think that was good. Yeah, I think I lost them If you haven't already please be sure to subscribe and click on the bell icon So you'll be notified anytime we release a new video and if you have any comments leave them below Cheers for drinks made easy and remember to always drink responsibly because everybody likes to make friends But nobody likes to make them in a prison shower


While dogs of all shapes and sizes were in Bemidji over the weekend for tail wagging competition, reporter Cheryl Moore takes us into the Paul Bunyan Training Association dog show. This weekend, the Beltrami Fairgrounds went to the dogs. The eighth annual Paul Bunyan Dog Training Association, UKC Confirmation Show, brought out only the best in the Midwest. People love to compete and show off their dog.  There were tons of huskies and German shepherds, but this year attendees could also spot a few rare breeds in the mix. It's also a great way to ambassador for the breed and get her out there, let people meet her. The pups and their handlers come from many different states and Canada. In the competition, the key is confidence. Every day is different with every judge. Every judge you're going to see differences in placings and different questions and different patterns that they would like you to do. So you just need to be prepared for all the different patterns and questions. Exactly 100 dogs competed in this year's show. Judges say what makes a good show dog is that they're happy out there in the ring. A good show dog is one that wants that win, one that's happy, one that's wagging its tail out there, the handler and the dog are a team. The judges are also looking at temperament and it doesn't hurt to know the most flattering poses. We looked for function and if the dog is built properly to carry out that function and also if the dog moves properly is not sloppy or cowhawked or turning out at defeat. While everyone wants to be best in show, another big part about the event is meeting up with your fellow pup lovers and just appreciating man's best friend. We try and have a fun atmosphere and a fun time and a lot of we see old friends and meet new ones. They put on an amazing event for us so coming four or five hours they make it so worth it. Reporting from Amidji, Shawmore, Lakeland News. The dog show is always held during the second week of September and it's free and anyone can attend. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Welcome to NTN Nightly, I am Janelle Norvell, this edition's top stories. The island's education minister says the decision to return students to the classroom was taken with due care and consideration. The DVRP lent support to Nemo's Operations Centre and staff of the Respiratory Hospital have pitted with a more comfortable space. The nation's students returned to the classroom with the reopening of the second school term on Monday, January 11, 2021, after months of closure. The Department of Education, Innovation and Generations continues to engage all stakeholders within the education sector amid the fluid nature of COVID-19. Minister for Education Honourable Dr. Gil Rigabet, during a press conference on Monday, reiterated the importance of consultation, especially during this time. She called on all stakeholders to engage their respective leaders and heads of department, as they would have been part of the consultation meetings and the decision-making process. The sharing of information and decisions taken the minister stressed is critical. On all of the engagements that we've had, Mrs. Eugene, who's the head of the school councillors, sits in on that meeting and she then would relay to her membership her team, the councillors, that which pertains to them. In the same way, for example, Ms. Prince is the Education Officer for Early Childhood Education and sits in on all of our engagements and she, too, will therefore pass on to that information to both private and public administrators or owners of what we call pre-schools or Early Childhood Education Officers. In the same spirit in which, for example, Mrs. Sergei, who oversees our special education institution, sits in on these meetings and then passes on the information and engages persons in his particular sub-sector. So I want to thank all of those team leads, some of whom I have not mentioned, for your full participation and I trust that in your own way, too, you will continue to engage with your sub-sectors. The Minister of Education emphasised that the safety of students, teachers and other school staff remain paramount and as such, a number of measures have been undertaken to ensure their safety. One such measure is the boosting of the school's cleaning regimen. We have embellished, improved, emphasised our cleaning programme throughout the week. In fact, additionally, for consideration by the Ministry of Finance, is that a provision be made for extending the hours of janitors, caretakers, so as to accommodate that additional cleaning. And we will see that rule out in the new fiscal year, but in the meantime, the concerns should be under way in which we should consider it. It is not that cleaning is reserved for one day a week, but rather is a complete embrace of the need to ensure a comprehensive cleaning, not that we weren't cleaning before, but that the effort be amplified throughout the week. Education Minister Honourable Dr Rigabet highlighted other measures that have been undertaken to ensure all protocols are adhered to and safety prevails. Evidently, to allow for us to adhere to the protocols that pertain to the transportation sector, we've had to consider the inclusion of additional buses, so as to allow for us to meet that requirement within the transportation sector. Education Minister Honourable Dr Rigabet. Meanwhile Prime Minister the Honourable Alan Shastney has welcomed the reopening of the second school term to the physical setting. Noting the importance of returning students to the classroom, Honourable Shastney says he is proud of all stakeholders in the education sector, including the St. Lucia Teachers Union. Why am I proud? I'm proud fact that we have not complained and tried to develop protocols to allow kids to get back to school. I don't think any one of us can argue the importance of that. Going around and just meeting kids, some kids I have to say to you have really excelled on the online schooling. I've heard of some kids who were not doing well prior in the old system and have really just been able to take advantage, but sadly I think that those are too far in few between. A lot of the kids are missing the interaction. We also know that parents themselves are struggling with the anxiety of what's taking place economically and then having their little ones at home and the pressure that's being put on them to assist their kids in their homework and in their education. That's not underestiming the impact that that has had. Adhering to the protocols Prime Minister Shastney says ensures protection. As was the case at the Cassary's Comprehensive Secondary School, where a student tested positive for COVID-19 last September. Honourable Shastney says all information shows that the student did not affect anyone at the school. We also know that the child who was affected did not get COVID on one of the school campuses. In fact, he brought it in with him. And so therefore again it's reinforcement that the protocols worked. I am proud of the fact that when we discovered that the immediate decision was to suspend school because we didn't want to put anyone in harm's way. So I want to reassure all the parents and the children that this government will always put you at the top of the pyramid and your health and safety. But as we have said nationally that this is about not only saving lives but saving livelihoods. Going to school is a livelihood. And when you think of the amount of time that kids have had to be out of classrooms and if in fact that the country has been successful enough in its protocols that the CMO believes that there is no imminent threat. Then we should take advantage of the hard work that we've put in here and try to get our kids back to school. The Prime Minister says he understands some parents may be apprehensive about sending their children back to school but he hopes within a short time they would build confidence in the knowledge that the protocols work and do protect. The disaster vulnerability reduction project DVRP has lent much needed support to the National Emergency Management Organization NIMO. How many more pills are seen? See enthusiasts at risk from natural man-made and slow onset hazards. Some of the natural disasters include hurricanes, flooding, landslides, seismic and volcanic activity. The man-made hazards relate to dam collapse, explosions, oil and hazardous materials, bills, mass casualty, civil unrest, fires and information and communication technology disruptions. Additionally, the island is at risk to slow onset hazards that include droughts, plagues and the predicted effects of global climate change. When disasters strike, the National Emergency Management Authority NIMO activates the National Emergency Operations Center where coordination of all disasters is handled with a very team depending on the nature of the disaster. However, for Eons, the Emergency Operations Center has been functioning with little to no resources to manage such a mammoth task. What we have is a shell and it is functional but its functionality can be severely increased. When people are in here and the NUC is activated, you have issues with getting information. So information being feed into the NUC that is lacking because of your communications. With the support of the World Bank Group, the Disaster Vulnerability Project and the Department of Economic Development, the Operations Center will receive the latest audio visual equipment and computers. All with CASAP's fiber connected internet with a duplicate system from flu to ensure continuity of service during a disaster. An off-site backup service system has also been provided to ensure seamless continuity. Through the contingent emergency response component, the Operations Center is also being provided logistical support through the procurement of a 4x4 double cab pickup for disaster planning and response. NEMO also received 371 1000 gallon water tanks for shelters and response agencies like police, fire and bodily correctional facility. NEMO has distributed these water tanks to schools, churches, human resource centers and the National Council for Persons with Disabilities. 85 radios and 8 base stations were also procured under the DVRP project to assist the health system and NEMO. Our collaboration with DVRP through the World Bank is that there were funds which were identified post Hurricane Thomas for use for disaster purposes. What we found out last year was that the funds were not used as yet. So therefore we met together as a team and decided what were the needs of the NEMO and NEMO as a whole. In addition to upgrading equipment at the National Emergency Operations Center through the DVRP contingent emergency response component, work will be done to design and build a comprehensive disaster information management system in order to enhance NEMO's ability to collect, store, access and analyze data. This will ultimately enable NEMO to better fulfill its mandate and support data driven comprehensive disaster management. The DVRP funding will also be used for critical capacity building and training. So one of the training that we are going to do is the community emergency response training. So we are going to make teams available to the various communities and bring some of the capabilities at the NASA level to the community level. So we are going to train some of the community members in some search and rescue, fire suppression, medical attention. So those are things that they can do at their community so they are able to now assist themselves. Unsolicited donations are the worst because it really and surely it impedes what you are trying to do. You really want to know from the community what has happened to them and what is it that they need. So you at the NASA level can make the resource available to them. So part of that is so the second part of the training is the damage assessment. The third part of the training is the mass casualty management which looks at medical interventions when something has happened. So you have a lot of casualties, how do you treat wounds, how do you take care of persons initially before again before the national system can get there. In total, US$685,000 was allocated by the World Bank through the DVRP to the National Emergency Management Authority. From the Government Information Service, the MediMark reporting. The staff lounge of the Victoria Hospital now transformed into the respiratory hospital received a much needed facelift. Moindesh report from Funnel Neptune. The main staff lounge of the respiratory hospital experienced a complete redesign aimed at creating a more relaxed and comfortable area for the staff. The initiative sought to express gratitude to the hard-working staff of the respiratory hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Writing Legends, a youth development social enterprise undertook the initiative of a redesign. Operations manager of Writing Legends, Yasmin Butcher, announced that the generous enterprise was conceived because of the Giving Tuesday movement. Giving Tuesday is recognized globally on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving in the US, which was on the 1st of December last year, 2020. And it kicks off a month-long Giving and Generosity campaign in the eastern Caribbean islands known as Giving Tuesday Eastern Caribbean. So for this Giving Tuesday Writing Legends paid-forward campaign, we included three projects in St. Lucia. The first one was making holiday care packages for the girls at the new beginnings transit home. The second one was a Secret Santa cash and goods donation drive. And the third one was this renovation at the respiratory hospital staff lounge. Executive Director of the Owen King EU Hospital and the Victoria Hospital, Nancy Francis, recognized the dedication, hard work and personal sacrifice of the medical frontline staff at the Victoria Hospital. We want to demonstrate to them that we have taken steps to provide them with the basic requirements as mandated by law and the collective agreement. But we are going further by ensuring that they have a conducive and a relaxing environment so they can distress during the breaks or on the lunch hour. The staff lounge was redesigned with the theme Tropical Escape. Reporting from the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Funa Neptune. This is NTIA Nightly. Stay with us. Primers Hutchinson is up next with the NTIA Nouvelle of We All. COVID-19 is a new pandemic disease as declared by the World Health Organization. It is transmitted directly by respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes or indirectly through rubbing the face with contaminated hands. There is still no specific treatment or vaccine against COVID-19 and as such, the farming community should adhere to some special recommendations. Stock up on essentials such as animal feed, fertilizers, pesticides enough to last for about 30 days. Stock up on fuel and oils for farm equipment. Ensure that tools and vehicles are serviced to prevent breakdowns and to ensure that farming and food production remain steady. And protect yourself and your workers by ensuring you take all necessary precautions to remain healthy. More than ever before, your important role as gatekeepers of St. Lucia's nutritional health and food security should be taken seriously. When you exercise these precautions, you not only safeguard your health but also continue to allow St. Lucia's access to freshly grown fruits, vegetables and other local crops. Remember, it is our responsibility to ensure our nation eats fresh St. Lucia's best. Welcome back. We join Primers Hutchinson for the NTIA Nouvelle of We All. Thank you very much, Channel. Thank you, Madam Department, University of St. Lucia. We form a government-settled CGIS Actile Vision National for the NTIA Nouvelle of We All, Primes Hutchinson. Welcome to the University of St. Lucia, Victoria. I am glad to have you here today. I wish you all the best of luck in the future. Welcome to the University of St. Lucia. Thank you very much. And so I came to the movement of goodwill, because I served one day in May to help assist others who were given Tuesdays. That's why I did that. So, in the end, given Tuesdays, it was someone who was recognized by the people on the ground. And then I was able to observe things given in America. I was able to pass the first week of December, in the middle of the day. Then I started doing activities, and I was able to help assist others in a diverse way. And then I was able to attend the writing and writing classes. I did three projects here. We have a commission to set up a new beginnings transit home. We have a new city called Masha-Diz. We have a new city called Chamblupital Victoria. We have a new city called Okaeyu. We have a new city called Victoria. We have a new city called Francis. We have a new city called Wedd. We also have a new medical assistant. They work and work for the Victoria Hospital. We have a new hospital. We have a new hospital. We have a new hospital. We have a new hospital. We have a new hospital. But in this place, there are a lot of jobs we cannot afford, we have to work and work at the same time, when we have to start our work. a period to avoid when they were degenated. To have this education Dr. Piona Meyer declared that in any situation like I always do I would like to thank the Minister of Education for addressing the questions raised after the call was discussed. Dr. Meyer declared that the Minister of Education declared that in a situation like this the call was very important to pay attention to this. Thank you for the call Thank you for the family who attended this and who were able to do this with us. With all this work that I talk about there's no one to organize this I'm happy to be able to manage this even though We are different because we are mothers. But all of this, we have to try to educate, educate this mother, educate ourselves so that we have good information, so that we can do what is most possible, so that we can keep our mother healthy and also educate our mother. Speaking of the Ministry of Education, I am Dr. Gil Rigobot. We are going to force the marches that I have in place to protect the students. A consideration of the many diseases that have increased since the end of this week. We are going to have a lot of fun here. Excuse me. We are going to start the lessons in every school that has passed. I am from La Widaling, Kastui. I started to find my own home. I also have a house for all these children who are in these buildings. The corporation that has these buildings. So, in this apartment, there are a lot of children who live in these boutiques. This is happening to the children. We are going to approach it and move towards it. The program has been started by the minister of safety, Amadje, Ibut Amadessam. And I am going to go to the Ministry of Education to offer the benefits. This is also an representative of the Kui Palema. In Kastui Central, several flounders have done their job, I would like to explain to you that Pogéa has a lot of benefits in different ways. It is important to address these residents, especially those who are employed. I would like to say that I am very happy to be able to employ all of these people. But I would like to continue this program for Pogéa Potexio Execution for the residents of this city. I would like to thank West Coastal for Pogéa, who is a contractor who appreciates the cooperation between the residents of this city and the people who work here. I would like to thank the residents of this city for their support. I would like to thank them for their support. I would like to thank them for their support. I would like to thank the residents of this city for their support.


Hi everyone, Joe for jasby'scasebreaks.com coming at you with a hobby pack of 23-24 Panini Donneress basketball Hobby pack break number one with five of those basketball mixers spots being given away It's really nice giveaways in there. So check that out. Check out the details jasby'scasebreaks.com Big thanks to this group for knocking out this filler We got to do a couple more of these move some full spots and then we'll be in Brakesville and all 30 teams are in Let's do it Five and one let's do the break first five and one six times for names and teams one two three four five and six We got Matt down at Tristan and then five and a one six times for the teams one two three Four five and a one six and final time Rockets down to Kings All right, there's the first half of the list right there No trades in these quick little filler packs and there's the second half list right there Let's print this out and this is being this is popping from a fresh box So here's what we'll do. I'll take the die We'll go one two three for the left side four five six for the right side Six right side And next time I'll just I'll just grab a package randomly myself But since it's a fresh box we'll go one two three four five from top to bottom if I roll a six Like I just did I'll just roll again pack four one two three Four right here. So that's the one we're gonna do Let's see what we got there are autographs possibilities in this In this hobby box or it could be here in this pack Good luck. We'll see maybe there'll be some surprises in here Terms of parallels Nick Smith, Jr. Sessenbog, Gouillet, Leonard Miller, Marquis Null No 100 Miller again, that's a press proof Nothing too crazy there, but we do have four or five. We have five crazy hits in this break Those are the mixer spots. So let's gather your names here New dice new list top five after Seven one and a six seven times fingers crossed and good luck one two three four five Six and seventh and final time So from six on down Sorry, Russell, but very close. Just not quite six to 30. Thank you For trying appreciate. There is another opportunity if you want to try again But after seven only the top five can be in that basketball mixer. It's Tristan Tristan Darren Ryan and Oliver So congrats the top five after seven you're officially in Let's fill up some more maybe we can get that basketball mixer across the finish line tonight Now check out the giveaways there too


Thank you very much. Welcome back to this last series of lectures. There will be very few proofs in these lectures. There will be some fairly honest summaries of proofs but not very many accurate proofs. The plan is to try and get to a fairly accurate statement of what's called geometricization theorem during the first hour and during the second hour I'll talk about some constructions and properties of hyperbolic manifolds which are a subclass. So I'll start with this rather mundane observation that was known to 19th century mathematicians that in dimension 2, real dimension 2, every surface s, by every I mean orientable and compact closed, is topologically classified by its genus. The genus is a number such that s is homeomorphic to a connected sum of that many copies of the torus. T2 is the torus and you do connected sum of torus with each other a number of times. You can also compute g from the fundamental group. It's the rank of the pi1 of s if you habilionize it and divide by 2. So that is all there is in the world of surfaces and also it admits a constant curvature metric modeled on one of the following, exactly one, the hyperbolic plane, the Euclidean plane R2, all the sphere. In fact there's just one example here the sphere, one example here the torus and one example in I mean as many examples as genera g are hyperbolic. Okay so the subject of this talk is what can we say in this direction about dimension 3 and of course it's much harder. First there is no such topological classification not nearly. But Poincaré still ventured a kind of a claim in this direction so that's called the Poincaré conjecture. If the fundamental group of your three manifolds, so I'm not going to call it s now but m as in manifold m3 for the dimension is trivial then m3 has to be homeomorphic to the three sphere. Again m is an orientable closed three manifold and as I was saying the a reasonable classification of such three manifolds is let's say hard but here are two statements. First connected sum is still our friend namely the there is a unique unique prime decomposition holds in dimension 3. So prime decomposition means connected sums into things that are no longer connected sums of other things. That is like for integer numbers so amounts. So it exists it's unique and that's already far from easy. You can have it by combining results of kneser in I think the 30s and later results by Milner. So in a sense it's enough to understand prime three manifolds and about prime manifolds here's what we can say a prime three manifold has a unique so that's isotopically unique minimal decomposition by incompressible tori. So those are tori t2 that find themselves injected in them in a way that's also injected at the pi one level. So if there are such tori then you can cut along them and what's left at the end is essentially unique into pieces that are either a toroidal meaning no incompressible t2 any longer or ciphered fiber. I'm going to say now what ciphered fibered manifolds are. This was the first class of three manifolds that can be said to have been well well understood. So ciphered fibered three manifolds were the first well understood class by ciphered in the 40s. Oh and by the way this this second statement about tori is due to jsj that's a very common way of calling it jco. I'm going to use it jco charlen and independently Johansson. I think it's one n double s but don't trust me. Okay so the ciphered fibered manifolds are the ones that are is ciphered fibered. If m comes with a partition into circles such that all but finitely many of these circles lie at the center of a solid torus. So that means that the nearby circles just travel along the same circle and close up at the same time it does are cores of s1 cross b2 the ball across the circle. I'm just thinking it as you have fibered your cylinder into segments and you close up. The remaining ones are the exceptional fibers being modeled on so s and I'm going to draw the picture first. You do the same vibration of the cylinder into segments but you close up with some fraction of a turn. So b2 cross 0 1 modulo x1 is the same as e to the i so I need to really keep track of the rational number that I put here k over n 2 pi x 0 so I have to subdivide it into n segments here and I identify the this point the point number 0 with point number k the color maybe. So as a result the fibers away from the core have to have to travel n times before they close up travel along the cylinder n times while the central fiber is travels only once. The sign does matter the sign of k over n so k is in z modulo nz okay so there is a full classification of those these are fully classified the space of fibers is a two-dimensional thing that's really an orbifold right if you if you travel inside the space of fibers there are two dimensions worth of ways of perturbing failure fiber and sometimes it becomes singular and that means the this two-dimensional space does something weird is in fact an orbifold is a two-dimensional orbifold namely it's modeled on r2 and r2 modulo and order n rotation and order n let's call it n sub s this n sub s being one of the the n that we see here so there's one n sub s for each singular fiber so the orbifold forgets about the k about the numerator but it knows how many times the fibers fold and so the this orbifold kind of forgets part of the data we still have to put back the data in and the the numerator data and there's a whole calculus of these things sometimes a space can have several orbifold realization sorry several cypher fibered realizations and the calculus of these things is well understood so when you cut by the incompressible torii you get something is boundary and is it part of the cypher is the cypher same with the boundary or not this torus here no it's just a local model so i'm just saying that there's an there's a an atlas whose charts would be just torii and with a sorry torii with a compatibility condition when they're good i'm talking about the pieces in this jfj state yes right so so there's there's a a version of all of this with boundary and when the when there's a a torus in the boundary in the jsj business this torus will be itself foliated by circles of the of the cypher vibration um all right uh this two-dimensional orbifold has a solid let's call it o with an orbifold oiler characteristic and there's a way of computing this it's just the oiler characteristic of the underlying surface of o if you forget that the singular points are singular you just have a topological surface in front of you call this well go between bars and you have to do something for each singular fiber namely you subtract 1 minus 1 over ns over the over all the singular fibers so this is a number that that that makes sense to measure it will show up a little bit later in the in the statement of geometrization now here are some examples of cypher fibered spaces it's of course perfectly okay to have no singular fibers like in the surface of genus g cross a circle or maybe the surface of genus g uh then take the unit tangent bundle t1 that's also fine and also you can look at the lens was called a lens space so l sub i put a fraction here lens space that's by definition s3 modulo so s3 seen as the unit sphere in in r4 modulo the action of uh r 2 pi over n rotation matrix uh sorry b let me use a 2 pi over a and r 2 b pi over a where r theta is the rotation matrix right you act on s3 by such a composition of rotations and the quotient is in fact a smooth manifold that comes with a cypher fiber structure in fact with many cypher fiber structures and uh there's a question about this in your exercise sheet now in um in 1980 person proposed so i'm going to uh give it as a definition a theorem and a conjecture i'm going to state all of these i'm going to take me a few blackboards first uh the definition the um a model geometry is a simply connected manifold since we work in three dimensions let's say a three manifold x with a smooth action transitive by a lee group g such that stabilizers g sub x are compact no larger group in the sense of inclusion um acts with compact stabilizers and also the uh there should exist so to rule out some some cases which are not of interest for us there should exist a compact quotient of the form uh gamma under x for gamma in g discreet well by different morphisms take the group and add the compact factor that's really a leaf oh right right that's uh thank you um now conspicuously there is no metric in this uh in this definition and that's that's on purpose namely um you could put a metric on x that's invariant under the action by compactness you can take a metric and then average it by compactness of the stabilizers x carries a gene variant metric possibly not unique so uh for example i'm going to give examples in fact the full list of model geometries in a moment but for example um uh if you take for x the what's called sl2 tilde which is also the unit tangent bundle uh of h2 well universal cover of that um then the the and g yes and g equals the same g equal so this is the x um so what i'm talking about is what if i want to put a metric on this x is how do i measure the the distance between two unit tangent vectors to the hyperbolic plane i want to travel um from this unit tangent vector to that unit tangent vector and let's say that traveling carrying it over along a segment by parallel transport costs me some price in euros proportional to the distance and uh so i add this up along the the path that i choose to travel and uh rotating as i go costs me some other amount of of but this time in dollars canadian dollars i guess and and what matters is the combined cost to define the the distance between the two points how much do i have to pay in the base and how much do i have to pay in terms of rotating my vector and the the actual geodesics will depend on the rate change between euros and dollars so the the geodesics of these metrics do not look the same uh so these are different metrics on the same manifold but for our definition it's still the same model geometry um okay now uh the theorem is that there exist exactly eight exactly eight model geometries uh namely so i'm going to start with the constant curvature one h3 so that this looks very similar to the the two-dimensional classification that we had at the at the beginning h3 r3 s3 um in those cases the dimension of g is always six isometry group of hyperbolic three space is six-dimensional and then there are the product geometries so h2 cross r s2 cross r so these are self-explanatory you let the the group of isometries of h2 act and you also allow yourself to travel along the the second factor so that's a four-dimensional group of isometries there's also the one i gave here sl2 twiddle and something called nil geometry about which i will say more towards the end of this lecture so for those dimension of g equals four and the last one called solve geometry the dimension of g equals three so the two that i have not really explained are the last two and there will be pictures and explanations about them at the end of this lecture if i'm lucky um and also for us a geometric structure on m is a defiomorphism to a space of the form gamma under x for gamma in one of those g's so now the conjecture so this was a conjecture of about 1980 and it was in fact proved is the geometrization theorem my parallel in about 90 2002 so it says the following if m is a oriented compact prime um then the jsj pieces mi of m have um all have finite volume geometric structures so over a gi xi where it may depend on the piece more precisely and i think i think i'm going to use a white blackboard for the more precisely part i mean the what's left when you remove those those tori those subsurface's those are submanifolds with boundaries and i mean yeah i mean i mean the interior you remove the boundaries um more precisely if so let's let's go if pi one of m is finite and just to be fancy i'm going to call this virtually trivial then xi the model equals s3 so you see how this generalizes the poincare conjecture that was here says the if pi one is trivial then x and then mi is the sphere s3 otherwise if pi one of m is virtually cyclic then the model has to be s2 cross r pi one of mi thank you and the corresponding model is called xi if not but it is still virtually abelian then we are are dealing with euclidean geometry so i think i called it r3 if not but it's still virtually nilpotent and we are dealing with the mysterious bill geometry if not that we are still virtually uh solvable then it has to be solved geometry and through five of them if not then the discussion becomes twofold so if there exists an exact sequence defining so the kernel is z the group the sequence defines is a finite index subgroup of pi one of m if mi so if if there virtually exists such a an exact sequence then two cases may arise if mi is compact meaning mi is in fact the only piece whenever i had to cut along some things since i had to remove the boundary that means the it's not not compact so if it's compact um then uh if the exact sequence splits uh then the model space has to be h2 cross r if not xi has to be the sl2 twiddle metric like on like on the unit tangent bundle of a surface if mi is not compact then both geometries actually can live on the on the manifold in question so that means both xi i don't have to choose both xi equal sl2 twiddle and h2 cross r are valid i'm going to say a a little bit more about how this can happen but the remaining case so if there is no such sequence mi was obtained from a compact manifold closed manifold by cutting it along some surfaces so if i had to cut at all then the pieces are not compact i've removed something if i have not then it is still compact so that's really that's really a matter of whether i had to cut or not and the splitting is up to finite index again or or just splitting uh the splitting is an actual splitting here um yeah and when you see both are valid it does mean both at the same time yes i can put two different geometries two different finite volume geometries on the same manifold and i'm going to say how this happens in a after i'm done with the statement so in the remaining case so if there is no such exact sequence in the remaining case which is also the case where um pi one of m well mi is irreducible a toroidal irreducible with pi uh with uh infinite fundamental group then xi is hyperbolic i'm going to add some more uh little things to this uh discussion one is that in those five cases automatically mi is compact namely n equals mi no no cutting uh and the other thing is that observation quotients of models other than h3 and sol are ciphered fibred and ciphered fibred means really well understood in fact if i do this in orange then there's a uh a discussion to be had in these cases the Euler characteristic of the in the the all before characteristic of the base of the ciphered fibred space is positive in the next two is zero in these two it's negative so all all of these six cases are really well classified they are ciphered the remaining case other than hyperbolic the sol case is is also also has a nice property which is okay what is the sol manifold the isometry group the trivial connected component of the isometry group of sol is just you act affinely on r3 by matrices of the form um e to the t e to the minus t in the first two coordinates and the translation should be by t in the third coordinate and here you put whatever you like right so this is uh this is really r semi-direct r2 where r acts on r2 by my compressing and and compressing one direction and stretching the other so the picture to be had in mind is you have let's say a little square in the first two directions and here's a square that's isometric to it looks like a rectangle up here and if i push it down there it looks like a rectangle with the other aspect ratio and everything in the way of horizontal translations is good so that that's a let's say description of your of the isometry group of them of sol and this should convince you hopefully that um mapping torii of an ossoff what's called an ossoff uh endomorphisms automorphisms phi of the torus are sol so what's a mapping torus is you take the torus cross interval and you glue the top to the bottom by an an sl2z identification and by assumption sl2 and the the identification phi is an ossoff meaning um two distinct real eigenvalues right so the way to put to realize such a such a quotient sorry such a mapping torus as a quotient of sol space is to rotate the the eigen directions of phi until they coincide with the vertical i mean with the first two axes the x axis and the y axis then your your lattice your the z2 by which you quotient r2 to get the torus looks like some sort of weird lattice in the horizontal plane right and it looks exactly the same up here after stretching and and compressing by by phi so uh that's an example of a sol of a manifold manifold with a sol geometry and theorem in fact all sol uh manifolds three manifolds are of this form are quotients thereof by uh by groups of order i think it's at most eight so really we have a good understanding of all three manifolds that do not fall into the last h3 class so i'm going to spend the remaining time discussing uh a little bit about the uh the remaining geometries especially nil but before that um another observation if you look at the new unit tangent bundle of genus g surface that's also the quotient of the unit tangent bundle of the hyperbolic plane and this has uh sl2 twiddle geometry as we mentioned sl2 acts on the hyperbolic plane while uh here's another circle bundle over the same surface while uh circle cross sg has h2 or this order r cross h2 h2 cross r geometry and these are different geometries however if i do this with a surface with boundary then as mentioned did the theorem the the the the the two uh collapse in a sense and that's because it's in fact the same bundle however um if i look at the unit tangent bundle of the tricepunched sphere and i'm drawing the tricepunched sphere as a hyperbolic surface uh then this is in fact homeomorphic to the trivial tangent bundle sorry the trivial circle bundle over the same surface because so these are homeomorphic and for the same reason it has both geometries and the reason they are homeomorphic is that um the tricepunched sphere has a field of directions so that's a trivialization of the of the unit tangent model and how do i do this you take a well there are many ways of doing it but basically you comb singularities of a of any field to the to the punctures here's a i guess we could do it that way and if you can find a field of directions with and then without singularities on the surface then that's a trivialization of the tangent bundle and so the it doesn't matter if you look at this circle bundle as the trivial or the tangent bundle it has both so that's okay that's why i'm cross the first s1 cross the surface yes so a a tangent vector on that surface is a tangent vector on the surface but it's also given by just go to a point and say how many radians away from the from the the orange direction you are so that's a trivial just a number at every point okay so that's that explains the phenomenon here now i'm going to say another it's not really a classification but a statement about spherical geometries because there are some questions about this in the exercise sheet so s3 in a sense the the first simplest case is also famously the double cover of s03 the orientation cover of the the group s03 the isometry group or the trivial component of the isometry group of s3 is given by multiplications by unit quaternions on both sides namely you take two unit quaternions you view the three spheres the unit sphere in the algebra quaternions and the way they these act on a on an element of s3 is just for some reason i like to write it like this b times u times a inverse so that gives you a very concrete handle on how to send the three sphere isometrically to itself and in fact for spherical manifolds s3 yeah there's an equivalence pi 1 of m is a billion if and only if it's cyclic if and only if it does not contain minus the identity of s3 so the antipodal map and equivalently it's a lens space so that's the first class of of spherical manifolds that they are and the remaining ones other spherical three manifolds are quotients of so i can write it s3 modulo plus or minus one namely s03 by subgroups so acting by right and left multiplication as above by subgroups that have finite index in fact that have index 1 2 or 3 in some product group gamma prime cross gamma second so you can put a gamma prime in s03 a gamma second in s03 let their product act by right and left multiplication on s03 and this will usually have some some usually not be a free action unless you're in one of those very special situations one of them so one of the two has to be cyclic and the other one could be icosahedron group or tetrahedron group or something now there's an exercise that does not really ask you to show this but with some weaker statements in the exercise sheet and okay i still have some time to draw some pictures of nil geometry which is the only one we don't have pictures for yet so nil geometry i'm going to draw it to use r3 as the model space the action on it will not be by affine transformations it will be by some sort of polynomial transformations and here's the picture isometries well there's an exact sequence the good news is you can write one r the isometries of nil a fiber over the isometries of the plane you view this as acting on r3 with three coordinates x y z and that acts on r2 and these here are translations along the z axis so over here let me draw i'm drawing tangent planes at every point so they are horizontal on the y axis and as i move along the x axis they they start to tilt they are sort of more vertical they get more and more vertical as i move to the right and over here they are more like they go down they flip and everything is invariant under on the z translations so above every isometry of r2 there is a there is a there's an isometry of nil space and the way it acts let let me show you how the stabilizer zero in r3 preserves the red quadric can i use red z equals x y so that's a quadric that looks something like goes down here here it goes up and it goes down on the other side it contains both axes and it's on the positive side when x and y are both the same sign and it's negative the rest of the time and yeah it's this saddle and you have to imagine that as you rotate in in the in the projection you rotate the points in the in the vertical x y coordinates and the vertical lines of nil have to do a little dance by going up and down and up and down along the quadric so the this map gets sent to that map by rotation so sorry this vertical line to the vertical line to the next now what can we say the pi inverse so if we call this i guess pi inverse of r2 translations is generated by yz translations x translations composed with a shear y z shears i guess what i'm trying to say here is you're allowed to translate the whole picture by in the yz plane but if you want to move into the x direction then you have to push down you have to basically send these squares to those squares it kind of bends your your space as you go in and you bend more and more as you move to the left so this description should show if you work it out a little bit carefully this shows two things one is that nil can be identified with one one so the heisenberg group i think you have to put it in this way so the heisenberg group but you have to to add things that are not just multiplications in the heisenberg group those are those are these funny rotations that i described it shows this and that the one one and zero mapping torus has nil geometry right namely you take you take a vertical square here in the yz direction as a fundamental domain for your torus you can identify opposite sides by translations which are which are in the group and then you push this in the x direction and do some shearing you push it by n units and you can do shearing with intensity n and that gives you a mapping torus with this monodromy okay i can stop here thank you


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know it's variety can sometimes play well but at the same time i think if the government is taking an interest in film production and seeing what happens then it's reasonable to expect that the bfi could be accountable for how much they spend in scotland and for that to be public knowledge okay okay gordon with all the right one more thing which i think is a very simple solution until you know decision making is further devolved as you know i've uh jillian berry and i've said to creative scotland look can we just have you know an office in london where you know you've we've got to go to london to go and find more money bring more money back to scotland there's only some you know the funds that we've talked about to go around but if there's a place where we can have a hub where we can brand ourselves accordingly as you know as we could but you know let's help ourselves go to them um until the decision making is brought back home okay okay gordon my question is actually about the studios um yes sure so what i want to ask was we've heard from this panel and the previous panel um that we do require a studio but any idea what's at a size because the example we've been given is titanic studios in northern island but understand in my hometown of cumbernauld is 140 000 square foot studio word park studios i mean is that what we want is that what we need to replicate um or is it something smaller than that or indeed larger and how was that funded what where did the funding come for the word park studios and is there any way that that is that dedicated to one production or is that something that can be shared by other producers i mean i visited the cumbernauld facility and i think it's excellent and is in a spiritual sense is exactly the kind of thing that we should be considering rather than necessarily spending a lot of money building from the ground up i would say the problem there is two problems one is that it's actually not big enough um and and also one has to look at and plan for success and not for failure so there has to be an expansion potential in terms of land area to be able to build um the second problem key problem is that it once once a thing like outlander comes in and that's it it's to exist to anyone else which is good news because the economy is benefiting but the bad news in terms of the facility so i think a country like scotland a nation like scotland has to have more space than that the problem with warehousing in those countries is very few of them are actually sufficient for the purpose of for film and television there needs to be at least a five feet height to the ceiling needs to be an engineered gantry there needs to be associated spaces like offices workshops parking all of that kind of stuff but above all that there needs to be the ability to expand there needs to be you have to believe in success if you believe in success then that infinitesimally makes success more possible and another point i would see coming back if i may just i think the industry itself has to be energized and supported for the industry practitioners to go out to the world whether that's the bfi or further beyond you know london isn't the be all and end all london's not having the easiest time it's very busy at the moment but it's an extremely perilous business even there and i see i see models in scotland a just larger in in the UK but the same basic issues apply so i think it's very important that the practitioners are encouraged to continue to do what they do unassisted at the moment in order to grow the business it can't just simply rely on public support just wanted to reiterate something that i think is really important that ian touched on there which is that scotland the brand is incredibly valuable internationally and although we've talked about london centric infrastructures and and quangos we get a welcome as Scottish producers anywhere you go in the world and it's important that we don't focus too much on that london issue in in terms of the studio i think ian is i was in montreal recently doing some preparatory work for a feature of English you there i hope next winter and i was looking at studio space there and they are much bigger but you know that i'm not sure what the total square footage in montreal but it's probably between a number of studios it's three or four and that's what you're up against but now they're getting x men is coming back there to the biggest studio for example but what's very interesting and i want there's an elephant in a room in the studio here and i'm going to stick my head above the parapet you know and talk about film city film city has played an interesting and valuable role but it is in no way can it deliver what ian's talking about what was very interesting to me in in montreal recently is that there are a couple of smaller studios which were built in improvised spaces they did not in fact have the height i couldn't use them because they didn't have the height and so on but it was very interesting to see that they were incredibly busy so as a result of these huge productions coming into the massive facility i did see exactly what ian talked about so for example were there to be another studio in scotland um then it does not necessarily mean that initiatives i film city or cumbernauld will suffer as a result of that i mean i think there may be difficult transitional periods but there is a potential that it can energise all of these facilities okay i would say um it should representing IPS you know we do believe it should be a city-based studio um personally i'll prefer it to be in glasgo uh you know accessible infrastructure um the like but i think we've also got to focus on the indigenous um have a hub around the studio and if that can be something where you can have very low rents or know it you know you've got to get your producers there working sharing ideas and there'll be a lot of work can be generated from that you know that would be a big advocate from the indigenous production side i would say but please make a decision soon okay all right thank you okay i'm going to bring in uh Dennis Robinson thank you convener um i may become the ken first uh i just want to explore a wee bit around about this skill sector because it obviously you know when we're looking at you know um production of films and we probably need to look at do we have the infrastructure there um for the making of that infrastructure i mean by the the skill sector now we've got this london-centric aspect that we're talking about and i'm just wondering if some of our people within who have the skills within scotland at the moment are are moving to london because that's where the work is but are we doing enough and are we linking our our education sector within our college and university sector to produce the skills that we actually need to ensure that the industry does survive for the future so we've got our sound engineers lighting technicians everyone else that actually helps build up that infrastructure because in an earlier report we did actually was was under employment and when we had people there talking about the fact that it was a bit sort of piecemeal in some respects they had a job for you know a couple of months and then that was them they were finished again and then maybe later on they were getting an opportunity so do we do enough do we have that infrastructure for a skill sector here and are we linking it with our education sector to ensure that we're producing the right sort of skills maybe ken what a very big question and a very good one i mean i think that the the challenge with it is there is a lot going on there's clearly a lot of courses covering all aspects of film and tv and video games and broader creative industries going on in colleges universities across the country nine years ago schenic academy scotland was set up to be scotland's national film school but it was set up in the context of funding arrangements that exist for their existing programs of activity so they didn't actually receive a huge amount more money to at the headline level deliver the next generation of writers directors producers into the film and tv industry so they've been hamstrung because they are operating in a very standard uh he funding system unlike the national film and television school which has an international status as being one of the best places you can go to to learn your craft and whether it's the creative craft or the technical craft until scotland has a national film school that is properly funded in that way and and nfts is paid for or funded directly through dcms as opposed to the part for education it scotland will not achieve what it wants to do so yes there are lots of people coming out with some of the skills and some of the talent they're coming out without necessarily the work readiness and so their experience of what it's actually like to make a film it will be they'll know how to do the college project the university project and they'll be assessed on that basis though relatively small number will actually be ready to move directly into an industry role so over the years there have all been all kinds of interventions most notably the new entrance training scheme which ran for 30 years as standalone and then as part of scotland's screen for its existence for however long it was around for which took a very small number of people eight people a year to get them the right level of experience and they would have probably had some kind of qualification already but they were getting practical work experience on live film and tv productions that level of activity doesn't exist as far as i'm aware at this precise moment in time what hotscotch cmi and digiculture working on is the Scottish film talent network this programme referenced earlier and it's very much looking at how we deal with a relatively small number of producers writers and directors and how we provide them with a stepping stone into the industry give them practical experience we've just closed the call for the short film initiative which is part of that part of that and on the back of that five six short films will be produced over the next six months transferable skills that is they can work whether in the film television or theater so all those skills that they have are transferable the reality it was mentioned at the previous panel the reality is that an awful lot of people will be working across all of these different areas and whether it's actors or technicians writers directors they will be working across those different areas and obviously sunshine and lease is the prime example of a project which had all kinds of iterations over many many years originating with music production becoming a stage play before being converted really successfully into a feature film and all the people involved at different points will inevitably have had different elements different roles within that. With creative skillset we obviously look after the screen academy and make sure that they are properly resourced and so on but the most interesting area that we found in the last few years is looking at the on-the-ground provision of skills and training and that is informed by the industry will come to the film skills council and we'll say to us we're we're short on camera groups or we need more people in lighting whatever so it's very very targeted to the need as the need goes forward and it can change year on year that need depending on on what's happening but the key to it is to be sensitised to need in terms of the industry it's all very well doing a kind of we've trained somebody to be a filmmaker that's fine that's important but it's it's it's much more about specific jobs that's where job creation will come also there's another aspect to this which is business of upskilling people or a lot of people who've been in let's say work have worked in television for instance in the past who are now having to learn how to to work in the new paradigm that we're in which is very different indeed re-skilling people who've been working in to hone their their abilities to compete in a digital world so there's a lot of there's a lot of front line to this stuff but without a proper skills agenda the total business is undermined unfortunately and that skills agenda is perhaps not as as energetic as it should be in Scotland young producers emerging producers as far as i understand that the short film schemes are budgets of 10 000 is that right yeah and then you know a low budget feature can be a massive jump you know up to a million pounds there's no nursery slopes that's what we're really missing at the moment and you know i don't want to keep harking back but at Scottish Green we did have tartan shorts we did have newfound lands we had half hour films we had our first feature films you know these were all schemes that that people like me who are now producing and lots and a lot of the skilled crews that we now have all cut their teeth on and i just don't think you can expect your filmmakers to go from a 10 000 pound short film to suddenly having the wear with all and the skills to to produce and run productions like that so i'd also really advocate a middle ground and just try and get you know what we really want as ips is a joined up structure so that we can you know go from having a national film school all the way through to features and returnable drama but we've got to you know we've got to get that in place you know that that i think everybody knows that's what we're looking for here and we can we can fix that okay okay i'm just still sort of curious to somebody who leads who should be taking the lead on this and go back to sort of our leadership question i suppose in terms of ensuring that the skill set is there for the future for sustainable uh production of films whether it be the technical or indeed we've got our actors or whatever i mean you know Ian you were saying it needs lead in some respects but if you only need someone for maybe a year for one thing i mean going through the university you know it's going to take two or three years you know so you know are we are we dovetailing are we really engaging enough to ensure that we have that skill market and are we ensuring that we don't export all those with the the experience within the sector down to either london or or or further afield the creative skill set is the the sector skills council with responsibility to film and separately also for television so it has the UK responsibility within which scotland is a part on the film skills council scotland is represented and if there's any dysfunctionality then that should be taken up within creative skill set there's no doubt about that the scotland skills basically the sds here in scotland should we we um be asking them to to take a role just tell me there's a report coming out in the spring so i would imagine the answer to that is yes certainly i think it's an area that needs to be looked at as part of the holistic total in terms of exporting i think i don't think you have to always be very careful especially in these digital times of this business of this is ours it belongs to us the you know the the power in industry now comes from networking and sharing and i think the fact has been on 24 for instance a significant number of the crew came down from scotland to work on that film on that series and what they got from that was a level of experience that befits them they all returned to Glasgow but they've now had experience and applied a technical knowledge in a situation that perhaps they wouldn't have got had they remained in scotland so there is always this movement of people um northern islands has found with game of thrones a very interesting phenomenon and that as soon as game of thrones became a reality suddenly there was a lot of returnees coming back to northern island who had had to leave in order to make a living um and i think that they would absolutely apply in the case of scotland if there was a more stabilising and systemising of what the potential is here the potential here is phenomenal i mean the talent here is undoubtedly world class and that's that is at the moment not being properly exploited i'm using that word deliberately rather than indulged or protected it has to be exploited we have to look at it as an opportunity that's not just about the voice of scotland and the Scottish people but it's also about making money and sustaining lives and livelihoods and having a dimensional view of our country which includes a self-image that all of these things are joined up and i've always argued even though i'm on the producing side and on the economic side of things i've always argued that if we the inward investment initiatives worth as i say a billion a year they're worthless unless they sustain and engender the indigenous industry that's the key that symbiosis is the key all the way through the system that's the key okay okay um Patrick Horwf after this long of two sessions there's a danger of going over the familiar ground there's there's one thing that i just wanted to pick up on which hasn't really been expanded on in terms of the the the the ranking if you like of these various different factors skills training retaining attracting investment whether that's through creative scotland or any other agency infrastructure and it's distractingly easy to talk about a studio and the clarity of leadership that that we've kept coming back to alongside that there's one issue that i think ian smith is the only person on either of these two panels who's mentioned the issue of tax and that's something which is unlikely in the foreseeable future to be a policy instrument that moves from UK government to the Scottish government so that's likely to stay at UK level there is probably a role for that as an alternative way of putting public money into the industry but it has been abused it has been turned at times into a tax avoidance scam some of these schemes what is the future of of that kind of instrument and how does it rank alongside these other areas i mean if we don't get the clarity of leadership will anything else be of value from either government what's the what's the the ranking order of of this this type of instrument as you pointed me out i'll answer that the tax the tax credit system was significant in as much as it's all started 20 years ago or thereabouts moving from an attitude towards subsidising the film industry to an attitude towards incentivising so the tax credit system is deliberately designed to incentivise inward investment to come into the into the country so in that sense it's actually proving to be very very effective and the treasury as i said already are delighted with it because the multiplier benefit is one in twelve so for every pound of public money there's 12 pounds of benefit to those domestic products so aspect of it no no there's always always there's always investigation going on and fitting and changing and adjusting that's happening week in week out is it possible to have a future for these kind of schemes which isn't open to that kind of abuse and exploitation well it's certainly the the abuse that you're talking you're referring to is the abuse that Gordon Brown shut down on which was a which was a whole a completely separate system this is a system of rewarding production for coming into the country so it and what it does is it levels the playing field internationally for britain we were a very expensive economy and our costs were very high compared to say middle europe or for that matter canada so we've managed to buy by incentivising and by the way if the tax credit does appear in the british film industry we're just completely collapsed being no doubt about that and and the success of governments have have analysed that and agreed with that in terms of scotland i think rather like northern ireland i think the thing to look at again i'm speaking particularly from the economic side of things but i think you need to look at the the effectiveness sometimes of a sweetener and to encourage productions to because what happens with a production coming to a northern island or a wales or or a scotland is they have to carry with them people who need to be put up in hotels hotels and living and all of that kind of stuff so if there's some kind of a sweetener as there was in northern ireland even though it's relatively small some of money that could be the tipping point that brings the the larger sums of money into play so it's it's it's a very particular not if there isn't the hunger that you said isn't coming from scotland not if there isn't the infrastructure not if there isn't the skills it's not going to be enough on its own so you know where does it sit on the list of priorities and what the tax but i think it i think it's absolutely the other things that we're not getting right well i think one of the one of the things the way back when the irish minister for culture i think stood up when trying to remember his name but he stood up and and announced to the world that section 32 i think it was going to come into us a fund and again it wasn't a large it wasn't a huge pot of money but everyone around the world saw that not that island i'm talking about the republic of island that island wanted film to come there and the feeling at the moment through no one particular presence fault is that scotland is sort of slightly closed for business and there's a feeling of well there's a scotland when wales is hunting for work wales is incredibly efficient at harvesting the opportunities and for whatever reason scotland is not doing that at all the different levels that it has to do so that there's a big need for coordination and there is a leadership out of that and there needs to be a bringing together to maximise the opportunity both on the creative cultural side and on the commercial economic side anybody else on this but just a specific point that you are right that there are some current hmrc investigations relating to eis which is not a tax credit eion was talking about i mean i would certainly agree what you said is that a tax credit is an absolute baseline if you get rid of that you have no industry in the uk or here and in fact everybody else in that global market it's not a coincidence i was in montreal different tax credits it's going to be very difficult i mean there may be other reasons why i shoot there but you know it's very competitive we have to understand that people are handing out bigger and bigger tax credits um but the eis the current investigations of eis are just worth touching on because i do know that the scotish government made representation that i believe on on this matter um because hmrc has concluded that eis funding cannot be used in a treaty co-production which is the fundamental the fundamental EU created tool to facilitate production in europe is treaty co-productions and hrmrc has said that eis money cannot go into that and that's certainly been very unhelpful and has damaged a number of productions and has had the consequence of taking out some of the commercial money that was in the marketplace and um i've never in life had the need to explore tax avoidance sadly um but uh some of the discussions around tax avoidance are really about investors reducing their risk and actually a balanced view has to be taken because if it means we get money in from these investors that isn't 100% the taxpayers money but they get to reduce their risk then that's possibly good value overall for the taxpayer um and so that it's quite a nuanced thing it's not so much a straight thing of easily defined fraud but that specific problem is a problem and it's a problem for scotish producers you know there is less eis money available this year than there was last year as a consequence of that the tax credit is a given i think what the challenge that we've got is that other parts of the UK let alone the rest of the world have got additional monies available to incentivise a production activity on the ground so northern Ireland have got big pots of money to bring in additional business the northwest wales and at different points over the last 10 15 years east midlands east of the england attack system yes so it was a mixture of ERDF it was all kind and basically just it's money that incentivises people to come and do business on your patch and so and that's the the competitive market that we're operating in in the UK let alone internationally and so it's some figures just so that we've got the figures so in Scotland we have three and a half million for production and development in Yorkshire they have 15 million in wales they have 30 million and where else have i missed out northern Ireland they have nearly 11 million and also in northern Ireland you know they can go up to an investment into productions of 800 000 800 000 and at the moment we can go up creative Scotland can invest up to 500 000 but they've only got three and a half million for the whole year so that's what we're talking about in terms of sweeteners and incentives of you know bringing co-productions and other international productions into Scotland you know we've got to find more resource austerity or not you know we are five years behind where we need to be like money you're talking about and ERDF funding as well yeah which is why we've been advocating for you know pleased to get with us behind the hunt for ERDF let's bring that money into Scotland we've got to secure it you know we are being really left behind so we used to have an advantage in Scotland with the Glasgow film fund which was a second place to go to and that helped lots of successful productions particularly the year they put all their money into train spotting or shallow grave which one was it shallow grave okay um if there are no questions and we very neatly come to the end of our time can i thank the panel very much for their opinions it's been a very useful session thank you for being forthright the committee will be deliberating we're still to take some evidence we're seeing creative Scotland and then we're seeing the minister and then we'll be producing a report in due course and at this point the committee goes into private session and we'll have a very short suspension thank you an interest in in us thank you thank you for your thanks