TfNN, Headline News Update. Hi everyone, Basel Chapman here. This is the 11 o'clock tiger financial news network market update and we got the Dow, which was up very sharply. Took a dive, we're negative, but now it's up 36 points and it's like a program trade right there. I just need to type this in and I'll tell you right now the Dow is, there it is, the Dow is up 36 points at 34,089. The S&P is up 13 points and this is the 11 o'clock tiger financial news network market update. It's up 13 points at 45.11, QQQ, NDX100 is up $1.37 at 376, the IWM, the Russell 2000, oh that's a very nice move, up 81 cents at 189, gold had a really strong, earlier it was weak, it had a strong move up, it's stalling right at the 200-period moving average, it's up 9 at 1974, really good move from the 19 teens to where we are right now. Looking at, I'll just do that quickly because Tom's got his gold webinar this afternoon, check it out, up 0.06 at 25, 25, looking at crude oil, holding quite well actually, it's up 12 cents at 81.28 and the TLT, that's bonds, bonds are down 21.6 at 96.09 and that's just suggesting that yields are attempting to start to come down. The weekly charts really says, no those yields are not ready to really sharply move down because the TLT looks like the weight of the downside move says, yeah you could bounce but it's going to have to do some retesting, we'll see if that happens. So within that context I wanted to just point out that the VIX index has dropped very sharply and anytime between now and maybe Tuesday of this coming week if the volatility index instead of being in the 1470 bounces and goes towards the 16.80, 17.30 level and actually closes there at any session, that'll start another decline in the general market but right now they're still buying coming in and also you've got end of the month, then beginning of the month so you've got a little bit of time here. So we're going to be looking at what happens on the closed Friday for those weekly charts and the monthly charts will have wrapped up August, that's going to be really important. Have a great day and if the Dow is up over 60 points after two o'clock that's going to be good. If it's down again negative that'll say a little bit of weakness coming in. Have a great rest of the day and don't forget Tom's webinar coming up at four o'clock. Thanks for being here.


OK. And you're 40. Yep. Great. So, um... Thanks. Aaron? Yeah. So... All right. So, continuing on visualization of structural variance, I guess this is reviewed from the previous module, right? There are many different complementary approaches to identifying structural variance as Aaron covered in great detail. So, we have depth of coverage, but read mapping, paradigm mapping. So, the one we're going to focus on visualizing is this paradigm mapping approach. So, I'd like to keep this a little bit interactive. So, here we have a donor, a donor which has a small insertion with respect to the reference. So, who could tell me what the reference genome would look like in a schematic when we map the reads to it? Sorry? Straight blue line. Straight blue line. What happens to that paradigm mapping in the middle? What are the characteristics of that? So, this paradigm mapping or this paradigm sequence, when we map that pair to the reference genome, what are the characteristics of that? They're a bit closer together, right? So... Right? This is how they would look if those pairs were mapped to the reference. In the case where we have a large insertion where the pairs don't span the insertion, what happens now? Sorry? You'll have one unpaired. Right? So, the ones that overhang this, you won't be able to wrap them together. And we essentially get a break point where we have no pairs which map over the break point. In the case... And you guys have these schematics in your notes for reference. In the case of a deletion, you've seen this. So, I think you are getting at what that would look like. So, here, no matter what size the deletion is, we actually have a paradigm which spans completely. Are these okay with everyone? It's really important to get these in your mind, and then when you see them in a genome browser, we try to make the representation kind of one-to-one mapping with these pictures. What's going to happen in the case of an inversion? What happens to the read of the R? Right? Yeah. So, you're going to see a criss-cross. Ten deductions. So, if there was only one red portion in the original reference genome, but now we have two copies. We map those pairs. We're going to see that pairs would span that break point. But we're also going to get the regular pairs that, not to the middle, are going to map appropriately. So, the issue that we had, we actually formally did a lot of work in our lab on structural variance, and in visualizing these in IGV, we came across a number of issues. But it gets really complicated when you're looking at heterozygous. Yeah. Question? This one? Yeah. So, the one in the middle. Yes, but the relative orientation of the reads which they map, I think should be okay. Yeah. So, here we're coloring the reads with respect to how they are in relation to each other. Yeah. Great point. Great. Okay. So, when you look at a heterozygous structural variant in IGV, the problem is that you're going to get a mixing of normal and not normal pairs. So, we came up with this representation in savant that's a little bit different. It's called arc mode, and it's specialized for trying to identify structural variance with this paired end mapping technology. So, the key features of this is that in this mode savant will draw an arc where the height of the arc represents how far apart the reads map to each other. Okay? So, not only is it going to be scaled horizontally, but we're going to draw the arc bigger if it's mapped further apart. And we're also going to color these arcs based on the relative orientation as we were just talking about. So, the representation is to look something like this where here we have paired end mappings which are very far apart, and so they're scaled vertically, and we also color them because they're discordant. So, you guys are going to do much the same thing in the lab that we've prepared for you, but now in savant, we've prepared a list of structural variance that we just downloaded from the lab using a similar technology like lumpy that had been called for the patient that you're looking at, or the individual that you're looking at in a thousand genomes. And I guess your task is just to go through these examples, learn the signature as what's a deletion, what's a assertion, tandem duplication, and just learn what these pictures look at so that the next time you see that, you immediately say, oh, that's a deletion. And then we'll have a small quiz. Okay, so thanks for bearing with some slowness. Hopefully you guys had a chance to look at paired end mappings in a way that is a little bit more intuitive, we think. So, just to review, what does this mean for you? I think I heard it, but it was a whisper.  This is a case of an assertion. And these breakpoints are a little bit fuzzy, but okay, you can cheat for this one if you want. What does this event? Deletion? Okay, what kind? Like what's the zygosity? Oh, zygosis, right. I think I have a question about that here. What does a heterozygostation look like? This is where it gets tricky, right? Okay, so it looks kind of like this image, but what are the differences, I guess, between this image and what a heterozygostation looks like? Yes, yeah. So you will see a combination of big arcs and little arcs, and the density of little arcs will be approximately half of what's shown outside, right? So we have an example here, which it's a little bit hard to see the density, but hopefully you can kind of see through it that in the middle there is much less density than outside. And then you have more interesting events which require interpretation, obviously. Okay, so I wanted to talk really quickly. How much time do we have left? 20 minutes. Okay, yeah, let's talk really quickly about how we could take a step further now and do interactive variant analysis. So going back to your question, what's the difference between Savant and MedSavant? We, in our collaboration with people at TCAG, we see sick kids. We, there's a problem that finding disease causing genetic mutations is very difficult. You have a lot of variants that might look interesting, but they're caused by errors in your sequencing or variant prediction pipeline. And some of them are actually not related to the phenotype or disease that you're studying. So some people throw out their hands and say, this is like trying to find a needle in a needle stack. So we tried to create a solution. And I think these, more of these solutions are going to be coming day by day that try to make the process of doing this a lot more interactive and fast. So we wanted to create a platform that allows you to filter your variants based on these metrics of quality. What's the functional effect of the variant? What's the relevant to my disease? And to kind of capture all these processes that we've been talking about over the last two days. So doing variant calling, annotation things like ANAVAR, doing filtration based on those metrics and then visualization. So we've talked again about all these processes and various modules. And we've used a number of different tools to do it. So I hope you guys recognize that the command line is super, super powerful and flexible. But unfortunately, it's not as interactive as things like Microsoft Excel or the genome browser, which is what some geneticists prefer to operate in. And so it's nice to have these interactive tools like genome browsers, but I think we're back in the era of the mid-1990s where an analogy is surfing the web where you had to type in www.yahoo.com to go to some place that's interesting for you. So I think that's the state of genome browsers where you're copying and pasting genomic coordinates in order to get some place interesting. So it'd be nice to have a tool that kind of combines the power of the command line with something like Excel. You have a spreadsheet of variants that you're interested in and being able to really quickly go in between a spreadsheet and a genome browser visualization. So that's what we tried to do with Metsavant. And there are a number of other tools that exist within the space that are, again, coming up all the time. And I should mention that Gemini is something that Aaron Quinlan, who's an expert in this is his tool, it lies in the same space, allowing you for a language to be able to specify filters based on your variants. So I recommend you try out these tools as well. So Gemini, Varsifter, and Golden Helix. And there's a slew of commercial tools that are available if you're willing to pay for them. So now there's also a lab on Metsavant, which is again a derivative of Savant. And let me know if you have any questions. Okay, so once you get loaded up in Metsavant, this is kind of the variant navigation interface. And actually let me step out. It's basically the idea of having apps. And so we're trying to work with collaborators to tell us what apps that people prefer. But essentially there's various apps for uploading your BCF files, performing annotations, doing patient analysis. Here we have an app which does Mendelian inheritance analysis. We're doing a collaboration with Google Genomics, which will allow you to access read alignments that are stored on the cloud through Google. And there's more clinical workflow apps in Discovery. So we have a little app storm which allows you to publish your latest algorithm and download it for use as well. So for BCF upload, you just basically drag and drop a BCF file and a pre-configured set of annotations will be applied like ANOVAR. So you could actually apply any annotation that you could apply through ANOVAR. It will happen in the background upon uploading this BCF file. And then those variants will be accessible to use through this variant navigator. If I pull up the list of columns, you can see these are all the columns that have been attached to the variants. So we have allele frequencies, everything that's in the BCF file, but also annotations like these actually come from Polyfam, DBSNP, ClinVar, 1000 Genomes, et cetera, et cetera. And we can now construct search criteria based on all of these facets of the data. So if I wanted... let's create a filter based on allele frequency for 1000 Genomes. I think it's annotation frequency. And we only want low frequency variants. So just by configuring those widgets, which are graphical, you could basically filter down your variants. This is kind of like shopping on eBay. You specify what you're looking for on the left and you show the list of the results on the right. And through an interface that's shown on the right side, we can now navigate to the position of the image you're done browsing as well.  That's it, yeah.


Welcome to our monthly observance series on DEI Matters. I'm Margaret Friedle-Thomas, your Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Belonging, and Justice Director for Arlington Public Schools. And I'm Katie Hodgkins, your DEI-BJ Specialist. Happy Black History Month, Arlington Community. Every February, people in the United States celebrate Black History Month in recognition of the profound achievements, contributions, and history of African Americans. And this observance actually began as a week-long celebration. In 1915, historian Carter G. Woodson recognized that the vast majority of the American public did not have access to information about the accomplishments or cultures of Black people and communities, of which there were many. But at the time Black history wasn't included in textbooks or courses of study, it was intentionally excluded. Woodson co-founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. And they together declared that the second week of February as Negro History Week in honor of two important birthdays, Frederick Douglass and former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. This inspired schools and communities nationwide to organize local events and performances as well as establish history clubs and offer lectures. These gained more attention, honor, and collective celebration when they were extended into a month-long observance in 1976, thanks in part to the Civil Rights Movement and a growing awareness of Black identity. Black History Month has been celebrated in the United States every February since. Black history encompasses many cultures, language, stories, and traditions. Even the term Black offers just one categorical label for a vibrant tapestry of diverse communities. Black History Month was created to focus attention on the contributions of all African Americans to the United States and honoring Black people from all time periods of the U.S. history. From the enslaved people forcefully removed from their homes in Africa in the early 17th century, whose hands built the society we now live in, to generations later of African Americans living in the United States today, Black History Month offers a time to recognize, honor, and reflect upon Black triumph through consistent adversity and injustice. Each year to honor contributions and achievements of Black leaders across a variety of fields, a new theme is dedicated to the celebrations. Last year in 2023, the theme was Black Resistance. This year in 2024, the theme is African Americans and the Arts. As the Association for the Study of African American Life and History tells us, in the fields of visual and performing arts, literature, fashion, folklore, language, film, music, architecture, culinary, and other forms of cultural expression, the African American influence has been paramount. African American artists have used art to preserve history and community memory as well as for empowerment. Kehende Wiley, for example, an African American and Nigerian artist who painted the portrait above here and also created Barack Obama's 2018 portrait, is acutely aware of the role of art in the perception of power. Wiley's goal is thus to give Black bodies an epic or heroic dimension by breaking down the cycle of prejudice and honoring African American youth as the central protagonist in his art. From Kehende Wiley's paintings to Amanda Gorman's poetic words to musical roots in Nina Simone and Aretha Franklin, Black artists continue to define American culture in paramount ways and pave pathways of inclusivity and recognition of the beauties and realities of Black America. Within and beyond the arts, Black History Month authors an important opportunity for education and awareness. Schools, universities, museums, and community sectors often organize events, discussions, film screenings, and exhibitions that shed light on the achievements and the struggles of African Americans throughout history. These activities help to renew the spirit of diversity and inclusivity and bridge gaps in the understanding through collective learning. As we celebrate Black History Month in the education world specifically, it's important to reflect upon how our conversations, curriculum, and actions create and uplift the Black community beyond February and throughout the year. This Black History Month, we encourage you to engage in dialogue and learn something new, attend an event, ask a librarian for a book recommendation from a Black author, or build out habits and patterns to interact with Black stories and cultures throughout the year ahead. We wish a happy Black History Month full of fruitful learning and engagement to all in our Arlington community and beyond.


You're leaving? Yes, I'm afraid so. I feel I've left my mark. I have to leave now. Oh man, sure though. That, um... Equations a bit of a... Worst of words. Twat. That's it. Here, come on in. Let's show you around.


Good morning, everyone. Welcome to BC103, class on New Testament survey, even before we could begin our session today on 1st, 2nd and 3rd, John, I request one of y'all to please lead us in prayer. Father God, we thank you for this wonderful time and we come before your throne and we submit all the students in your hand. Give us the wisdom and knowledge that we can understand your word from Bible and whatever we will learn today, give us the revelation, new revelation that we can know something new from your word God. Amen. Amen. So last class we studied on which are the two letters that we studied yesterday, James and 1st and 2nd Peter we studied on. So today we would be covering 1st, 2nd and 3rd John along with the letter to Jude in the 3rd arm. Okay, so I request y'all, okay, I see Abinas has joined the class. Sorry, you're using, okay, just give me a minute, please. Okay, let's turn to 1st John, 1st John chapter 1. Okay, so who's the author of this letter? Okay, let me share the presentation. Everyone can view the presentation. Okay, and the voice is audible. Okay, thank you, thank you. So let me check if I change. Okay, the presentation is changed. Okay, so who's the author of this letter 1st, 2nd and 3rd John? Apostle John. Okay, so John the Apostle who wrote the Gospel of John is the same person who's the author of 1st, 2nd and 3rd John. So in 1st John is referred to the Book of Love. The 1st letter to John is referred to as the Book of Love. So John is often referred as a disciple of Jesus Christ, Jesus loved, whom Jesus loved. Even when we studied the Gospel of John, he addressed himself saying that the disciple whom Jesus loved. So he is sometimes called as the Apostle of Love because it's primarily because, you know, in the 1st Book of John that he gives this title. And the same thing is used like love is used more in this little book than in any other book. It is used over 50 times in this little book than in any other book. So that may be one of the reasons why they have titled this letter as the Book of Love. So John, as we read through the letter, we see that John was concerned about the lack of true Christian love among the body of believers. That may be one of the reason why Apostle John is emphasizing on love. We also see that John was also concerned about the heresy that was spreading across the place where they were ministering to on Gnosticism. Because it was particularly concerned about the teaching on Gnosticism that was against the teaching of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Where the Gnosticism believed that all matter was evil. And they also believed that the spirit was good. And in order for Jesus to be fully God and fully human, it was impossible for Jesus to be in flesh and in blood. So the Gnosticism questioned the deity of Jesus Christ of being 100% man and 100% God. Gnosticism also believed that Christ did not literally die on the cross but he just appeared to be on the cross. So this was the teaching, this was the false teaching that was spreading across the region of which Apostle Paul was concerned about. So Paul was writing to encourage the believers in that place and he gives certain reason from this letter for the believers of the church to hold upon. He says that we need to encourage ourselves in prayer so that we may have fellowship with God. And through that fellowship we might have joy in fullness. He also says when we pray and when we are connected with Jesus Christ, we may not fall into any sin. He also instructs saying that when we are connected with Jesus, hardly we will be deceived with any of these false heresies that is spreading. And he also assured when we believe Jesus Christ, when we believe on Jesus Christ, we have the eternal life. And he continues to share the gospel by saying that Jesus was the true Messiah. He was the Son of God. This is what has been shared in the first letter to John. With that we will move on to the second letter. As he's been the same author, the first letter emphasized more on love. That's why the first letter to John was addressed as book of love. Now the second letter to John has been addressed as the book of truth. Second letter to John has been addressed as the book of truth. Because this letter focuses on having the love and the truth is by walking in the truth. So the second letter to John in the New Testament is addressed specifically addressed to a woman by saying the elect lady and a children. The letter is addressed to the elect lady and a children. Or in the other versions we find the chosen lady and a children. This is just exactly, you know, some of the scholars may say this is just the personification of the universal church. Where the church has been addressed as the mother church and the believers as the children. But in this case, Apostle John is not writing to a universal church because the second letter was not circulated to all the churches for us to go with that. But then he clearly mentions it is to elect lady, it is to a chosen lady. That means there was a woman in leadership in the church of Babylon to whom he has been addressing to. So even in the scriptures when we read verse 4 in second John, when we read verse 4, the first, sorry, we'll read from verse 1 onwards to the elect lady and a children whom I love and truth and not only I, but also all those who know the truth. And I'm moving on to verse 4. I rejoiced greatly that I found some of your children walking in truth as we received commandment from the fathers. So here we see that and also can I request one of you all to read verse 10 and 11 and 13. 10, 11 and verse 13. If anyone comes to you and does not bring this teaching, do not take them into your house and welcome them. Anyone who welcomes them shares in their wicked work. Verse 13, the children of your sister who is chosen by God send their greetings. Thank you. So what we see verse 4, we see that they had believing children were obedient to the truth. And again in verse 10, we see that she has used a home for the church gathering, for the church people to meet there. So the believers to meet and worship God. We also see in verse 11 that she was known for a tremendous hospitality towards greeting one another. And also verse 13 we see that you know her knees and nephews were friends with John. So with that we will move on to the third letter to John. So third letter to John has about 14 verses. So the first letter to John talks about the book of love. The second letter talks about the book of truth where he emphasizes on truth. And even in the third letter we see that this letter also emphasizes the truth. So it is known as the book of truth. But more on the practical side of walking in truth rather than having a doctrinal front, but then more towards practical side where we can walk in truth. So the third John was written to a man named Gaius. The third letter was addressed to a man named Gaius. There are several men by the name of Gaius in the New Testament. So how do we separate which Gaius was this? When we read through the book of Acts 19, there was a man of Macedonia who traveled with Apostle Paul. And his name was also Gaius. And there was another man who also traveled with Apostle Paul when we read through Acts chapter 20 verse 4. We see that there was another man from Derby who accompanied Paul in his missionary journey. And the third man, he was a resident at the Church of Corinth who was baptized by Apostle Paul. And he hosted Apostle Paul when he wrote the book of Romans. But this guy is to whom Apostle John is addressing to was the person who was ministered by Apostle John himself. He was the convert or he was the person who was ministered by Apostle John in his ministry. And he came to receive, he received Jesus as the Lord and Savior in his ministry. So here Apostle John is mentioning to the guy is whom he has encountered in his ministry. So can I request you all to please turn to third John and read chapter 1 to 4 please. Sorry verse 1 to 4. Hello good morning, can you hear me? One person read verse 1 to 4 and the other read from verse 5 to 8. Can you hear me? To the beloved guys, I love in truth. Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health just as your soul prospers. For I rejoice greatly when brethren came and testified of the truth that is in you just as you walk in the truth. I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth. Beloved you, do faithfully whatever you do for the brethren and for the strangers who have borne witness of your love before the church. If you send them forward on their journey in a manner worthy of God, you will do well because they went forth for his name's sake taking nothing from the Gentiles. We therefore are to receive such that we may become fellow workers for the truth. Thank you. Can I request you all to read, I mean the whole chapter 9 to 12 and the other person 13 to 14. I wrote to the children, but Deotrifice, who loves to have the premences, premenence among them, does not receive us. Therefore, if I come, I will call to mind his deeds, which he does, pertaining against us with malicious words and not content with that. He himself does not receive the brethren and forbids those who wish to putting them out of the church. Beloved, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good. He who does good is of God, but he who does evil has not seen God. Demetrius has a good testimony from all and from the truth itself. And we also were witness and you know that our testimony is true. The last two words please. I have many things to write, but I do not wish to write to you with pain and ink. But I hope to see you shortly and we shall speak face to face, peace to you, our friends, our friends, greet you, greet the friends by name. Thank you. So what we learn from this letter is that Gaius was a person who was converted or ministered by Apostle John in his ministry. And he seemed to be a respected leader in the church and he was a man who walked out of his faith. And also we see that he is noted for his good nature and hospitality. At the same time, we also see there's another person called Deotrophus. We read about him in verse 9. Deotrophus was a man who was self-seeking and a troublemaker. He caused a lot of cures among the people. He was not ready to host or have any missionaries or any people who were visiting the church or treating them well. In fact, he also stopped from others hosting the guest in their house. So John writes in this letter saying that, I wrote to the church but Deotrophus, who loves to be first, will not welcome us. So when I come, I will call attention to what he is doing because he was spreading maliceous message against the church with others. And he was not satisfied with that and he even refused to welcome other believers into home. And he also went beyond and stopped from the other believers who were hosting the guest at home. So he says that when I come, I will try to bring a correction to Deotrophus. So it looks like Deotrophus is the leadership and he seemed to be an influential member in that local church. And he was not very supportive to what Gaius was doing. He seemed to be always opposing the church authority against hosting the believers at home. So on the other hand, John commends Gaius for his good nature, for showing the hospitality to the itrant preachers or the visiting preachers who are visiting the church to share the gospel or pass through the city. So we see that John knew what the people need there. So he is encouraging the people. In the first letter, we see that he is asking them to follow the commandment of Jesus. Love yourself and love your neighbors. Love the Lord your God and love your neighbors as your self. So he is talking more about love and faithfulness that is required by God. And here we see that he is also encouraging Gaius for the good nature that he has and he is commanding him for his hospitality towards the preachers. Yeah, we also see that the period of this letter that was written, it was approximately written at written from Ephesus just before John's exile to Pachmos between 85 to 90 AD. So when we go through the first John, let's turn to first John. First John, we see there were five chapters. The first chapter to second chapter was 11. We see that it talks about living in the light. That means living a clean life, a life of obedience where we see that when we live a life of obedience, there's a reward to it. So he's also encouraging how do we live a life of obedience is only by having a fellowship among the believers of Christ is where you can live a life of obedience and live a life in light. And in chapter 2, chapter 2 verse 12 to 27, he's talking about discerning life. That is how do you discern? It is very important to discern to stay in that light of life. So he's encouraging the believers to perceive the truth to perceive the Holy One. That is Jesus Christ that we may not fall into any sin nature. So again in chapter 2 verse 28 to chapter 3 to mid of chapter 3. Here Apostle John is encouraging and talking about loving life. He talks about love, the practicing, the righteousness and love toward God. Actually from chapter 2 to chapter 5, he talks about responding to God's love. So how do we respond to God's love? We all know that God is love and here Apostle John is encouraging each of the believers. How do we respond to God in love? So he is saying by pursuing him more deeper, much closer, follow the truth and the truth will set you free. So that there were a lot of gnostism, the false heresies were spreading. So one way that the disciples held on to it, even as we studied the Gospels, you see that even the Paul and Epistles, we see that Apostle Paul never went on to talk about the heresies and to give any explanation. But the thing that he did was he emphasized on the Gospel message, he emphasized on the truth. Here Apostle John is also doing the same thing to come against the heresy of Gnosticism. He emphasizes the truth. He shares the Gospel message and he shares it with love of God by having confident knowing that if you know God, he is love. Loving God and he shares the Gospel in this way so that the people may not fall into the deception of Gnosticism.  This is the message that Apostle John is sharing to the church in first letter. In second letter, we see that one chapter with about 13 scripture verses, he starts with introduction and goes on to talk about walk in truth. He is emphasizing on truth, walk in truth and in love, stand against any evil. So he is actually emphasizing the truth and in letter three is actually sharing on the practical side. That is, as he emphasized on the truth, he is also encouraging the believers to put it in practice, walk in that truth, walk in that truth. And here he is addressing this letter to guys and he is encouraging guys for the good nature that he has and them so that they may not be carried over by the other. We are confronting the church that is deotrophis. Okay, one of the reason why Apostle John is emphasizing the first letter about love and the second and third letter. He emphasizes on truth and the practical side of truth, which is practical side of truth is because he was one of the eyewitness who witnessed Jesus as flesh and blood. Because this was the heresy that was been spreading by the Gnosticism that Jesus was not 100% man and 100% God. They were questioning the deity, they were questioning of his human nature. So John being the eyewitness of Jesus is saying that I have seen and heard Jesus personally with my own eyes and ears. So he goes ahead and says that I have touched Jesus, I have handled him because he moved very closely with Jesus. And he said, he affirmed saying that Jesus was in flesh and in blood and we must receive this truth because I have seen him. John is also gives a description of Jesus saying that he is the true Son of God. He is the advocate with the Father and he is our propitiation for our sin. And he is the only one and he is the true Christ. He is affirming the deity of Christ Jesus. He is also depicting of someone who is born of God. He is talking about you and I. When we receive Jesus as a Lord and Saviour, we have been born of God. So when we have been born of God, we should keep his word. As John defended Jesus, now he is telling each of our believers, he is instructing the believers as you believe Jesus is the Lord and Saviour. So this is something that has been expected from you that you need to keep the word. You need to practice righteousness so that we may not fall into sin. And when we practice righteousness and keep the word, it is easy for us to love God and love others. And it is easy for us to believe that Jesus is the true Son of God through which we can overcome the word. And also John compares between God's love and our love in the first letter. So he says God's love for man is manifested on the cross. How? Because Father loved us so much. John 3.16, he is disemphasizing on the scripture saying that God so loved us that he sent his only begotten Son into this world to lay down his life for you and me. He gave his spirit to us so that we can be called, we can call our Father and we can call us his children. The restoration between the Father and the child or the sonship relationship between God and us has been restored. And now he goes ahead and explains the love for God from us. How love for God should be manifested in us. That is by reading the word and keeping the commandment. And knowing that Jesus Christ is the only begotten Son because that was the heresy that was spreading and questioning. So he's saying he's emphasizing on that we need to believe if we are the child of God, then we need to believe that Jesus is the Son of God. And love God and love others because this was the commandment given by Jesus to us. Because this was the lack in the church those days. The Christian love was not the true love that they carry. So John had to emphasize on that love. If you love God, then you need to love others. You need to love others as yourself. In fact, Jesus laid down his life for us so that we may love each other and lay down our life for others. That's nothing but he's saying just like what Paul preached, Apostle Paul preached. Consider others better than yourself. Put others before us. Share your position in love, not just in words, but in action. Show in the practical side. So well, in the third John, he emphasizes on the Eiteran ministry. The people, the ministry leaders whom John is sending from church to church and he's encouraging the believers in the church to host these people in their house and show them a good hospitality. And he also commends guys for showing the hospitality to these Eiteran preachers or the ministry leaders. And he's also encouraging the other believers saying that you need to host people in your home who come to share the word of God and show them the good hospitality. Treat people as how you treat God. In this third letter, he's also mentioning about another person called Demetrius who has a very good testimony. He has led a good life. So he's also encouraging people saying that he has a good testimony and he has led a good life in relation to the truth. But do not be like Demetrius who's against the church, who's a self seeking, who stops from doing good to the believers and to the church leaders. So with that, we complete the letter to John. But what is our learning from this three letters? What is our learning? What is apostle John trying to share a message through this letter to each of us today? How are we being ministered through this letter? Anyone from the class? Yes. From the first letter to love God and love others as God loves us. And from the next two letters, hold on to the truth that you may not fall prey to any of the false teaching. And let this truth be the practical side when you hold on to the truth. That means God is asking us to love God and love others. So we need to love our brothers and sisters in the same way how we love God. So when we love God, we need to be hospitable towards others, posting others in love, taking care of them, putting their need as the priority. So we need to be mindful of others and have the Christ likeness, the Christ like nature in us. That should be the learning from this letter. So we can take a short break and join back for the second letter. So we will give a 10 minute break and join back for the letter on Jude. Okay class. Okay. Thank you so much. So we will take a break and join again. Thank you. God bless.


Residents of Gyeonggi Province and Marines based out of USAG Yongsan came together for ceremony celebrating an agreement between the two. We're adopting each other and so if they need help then we're saying that we're going to be there for them and vice versa obviously. The partnership helps the residents of Gyeonggi Province and it also provides the Marines with an opportunity. It gives the young Marines more than just the military experience, it gives them the experience of actually living and working, eating and enjoying time with otherwise people that they wouldn't get to know. The Marines showed their appreciation with the picnic. Sergeant Stecklenberg thinks this kind of program is an important part of the Marines image. We could stay on our base and stay isolated from them but what does that say about us? Specialist Tyler Ferris, Jinguang, Korea.


Are you interested in Bitcoin at all? Alright, Peter Schiff. Say no, if you ask your mum nicely, nobles should buy you an ice cream with Bitcoin. Do you think they like digital currencies? I don't know. Hi, my name's Chris. I love Bitcoin. I initially wanted to visit Gibraltar to find out if Binance would open an office here as another entry point to Europe. Long story short, they are. I also wanted to explore Bitcoin adoption on the Rock as it's known locally. In particular, I wanted to see how the Lightning Network, a layer two payment solution built on Bitcoin was being accepted in Gibraltar shops. Hello, it's Joe from Cointelegraph. I am speaking today to people on the streets of Gibraltar about Bitcoin and cryptocurrency adoption to see what the vibe is. Do you know what this is on my t-shirt? Yeah, Bitcoin sign. Do you want to talk about it? Yeah, okay. He knew what Bitcoin is. Do you know what that is? The B? No. So you guys know what this is, right? Yeah, Bitcoin. I know what Bitcoin is. Yeah. I've also had Bitcoin. So you're thinking about maybe buying some more? It could be in the future, but right now I'm like saving up for some other stuff. 28, she's 25. They live for so long. They live same as us. 60 to 80 is average. No way. What type of breed is it? They're actually Triton cockatoos. Triton part of the sulfur-crusted family. Wow, okay. Do you think they like digital currencies? I don't know.  Can you tell me what this is? I don't know. You don't know? How about your brother? Coin. A coin? Yeah. What kind of coin? A Bitcoin. Bitcoin? Bitcoin. Oh. Have you heard of Bitcoin before? Yeah. Yeah. What do you know about Bitcoin? Nothing. So Bitcoin is a currency which is, has no ruler, no creator and it can be used all around the world.  So do you have any of these things? Yeah, I do. Yeah. What can you tell me about Bitcoin? It's just decentralized finance, I guess. Nice. It's safer there than in the bank, I guess. Are you Gibraltarian? Yeah, I am. Okay, so you're born raised here? Yeah. What do you think the approach is to Bitcoin in Gibraltar? I think everyone's a bit, like, scared, like family members and stuff, like, oh, crypto, like, it's a bit scary, but I think, but it is what it is, you know, like, the world is moving faster and faster every time. Have you heard of the news in Gibraltar recently that, you know, Costa Coffee accepts Bitcoin, there's big Bitcoin companies here as well? Yeah, I saw your tweet and it's just like, wow, it's mind-blowing. You saw my tweet? Yeah. Am I famous in Gibraltar? Yeah, you're famous. That's nice. Not Bentley, is it? Bentley? I've had that before, actually. It's Bentley. It's Bentley. It's not Bentley. It's Bitcoin. You know, it's a Bitcoin. How do you know it's a Bitcoin? Because it's got all those weird numbers on it. The weird numbers or this ABC... Yeah, yeah. Ah, okay. Where have you seen that before? On the TV. On the TV. Do you remember which programme or cartoon it was? How's it, Squidward? Okay, amazing. But you two didn't recognise it? No, not at all. That's amazing. Just goes to show, right? No, she's on the internet. Ah, okay. I think Mike will never clear out the internet. No. Okay. So how does it work? So it's a decentralized currency, which means that basically there's no central bank or no big figure behind it all. There was code that was written, and it became valuable over time. So at one point in 2010, 2011, it was worth $1. Now it's worth... Oh, do you know how much it's worth? Yeah. Do you want to go for it? How's it, I guess? $40. $40, okay. So it's now one Bitcoin is worth about $22,000 today. What? $22,000. For example, I buy 100 pounds of Bitcoin bits. Yep. And then what do I do? Leave it there? Yes, you take custody of it, which means that you actually... You don't own it, but you own the keys to access it. So no one can touch that 100 pounds worth? Exactly. Okay. And then the idea is that it accrues value over time, which it has done historically. And then I can sell it like a stock says shares. Ah, that's the amazing thing is that one day you won't actually have to sell your Bitcoin, to use it. Like it cost a coffee to buy your coffee, or maybe to buy a car, or a house, or anything else. And you've seen a difference. I love that you don't trust me. I'm waiting to see each other. No, okay. He's local. He will tell me, no? I would do the same thing. If the Peres have a code. He's going to tell you the same. He's going to tell you no difference. If you want to buy it, did you want to get it? I might buy some. But if I buy it here, I can use it here, I can use it anywhere in the world. It's global. Global. Global. It's a good idea. Get some. We'll put it in her name. We'll put it in her name. No, I want it. It's in my name. That is the right answer. Put it in her name. Don't forget about it. It's generational wealth. Hi. Do you know what this is on my T-shirt? It's a Bitcoin. Great. That was quick. Straight in there. Yeah. Presumably that means you might have some Bitcoin. I do. It's like a decentralized digital currency. Smashed it. Wow. How long have you known about Bitcoin for? Okay, nice. Have you been buying for that long as well? You don't have to say that, actually. That's very personal investment things. I would say at first I was a bit skeptical, I think, because everyone is, but maybe the last couple of years I've dabbled with it and stuff like that. Oh, nice. Okay. Cool. That's amazing. Do you live in Gibraltar? I do now, yeah. But you sound like you're from Liverpool. Yeah. You're English originally, right? Lock me up, officer. Okay. Well, and so what do you think of the Bitcoin sort of vibe in Gibraltar? Do you think people are quite open to it? I do. I think a lot of businesses have started to open in Gibraltar. We've got a lot of exchanges. We've got Itaro. I know that we've had a few crypto women, the exchanges as well, like BITZER and Sappho Bank, which is just there. I wonder why I'm stood here. Not that I'm shilling them, but you know. Oh, cool. Okay. And did you know that it cost a coffee, a couple of other retailers, an emergency even, they are accepting Bitcoin over Lightning as well. Have you ever used the Lightning network before? I have never used it before. Okay.  Perfect. It'll blow your mind. What's your name, sorry? Laura. Laura and Joe. Lovely to meet you Laura. Pleasure. Cool. Remember that bank I was stood in front of? Sappho Bank? Well, I interviewed them and I asked them to come up with a custom Bitcoin for customers all around the world. And so just to go back to the advantages of being based in Gibraltar, what does that mean being a crypto or a Bitcoin native? In your case, bank. I think that if you speak, it's not really even directly relevant to Gibraltar. Any country in the world, if you want to have an interactive discussion with a set of policymakers, regulatory authorities, government representatives, finance center or equivalent, whatever that means. It's extremely difficult to have those conversations around the table and for them to be, like, agreed on a single path or set of steps that need to happen. But here, it is possible. Because everyone's within a stone's throw. Everyone's within a stone's throw. Plus, you know, there's also, like, we've been doing it for so long and the starting points were very, very difficult. People asking ridiculous questions and not understanding anything, including any regulators, they start to learn about something. They're sort of getting to grips with what it is. Whilst here, the regulators have been dealing, supervising, monitoring this activity since 2017 or whatever it was. And they're just at a completely different level the things that they're talking about and that's really, really, really advantageous. I'm sure you're familiar with Coin Corner in the Isle of Man. They're big on the retail side of things, merchant adoption. In Gibraltar, it seems like it's much bigger on the sort of, I don't want to call it custody, but you know, the idea of bitcoin savings here instead. Is that a fair summation, firstly? And what do you make of these strides that have been made into merchant adoption in Gibraltar recently?  Apparently there's a few jewelers as well. Yeah, yeah. I mean, I think, we didn't start out, like in Gibraltar, PLC didn't start out with the idea of like this is a particular application or sector that we want to build this for. We said we want to set a very high standard. The gaming example, so online gaming. It's massive here, right? Massive, biggest in the world. The process that we went through in the gaming universe is kind of what we went through in the crypto ecosystem. So we don't want to have 800 licensed gaming platforms here. We only wanted, I think there are 25 now in total. But it's the big names. For a population of 30,000. It's a very big names. And the crypto space, it was the same. So it's very difficult for small, you know, merchant platforms. It's very difficult. But I'm not convinced that retail in Gibraltar, the UK are going to suddenly start accepting BTC as a payment layer. I mean, look, it's a stage of development. And if they start doing that, and then Lightning gets the traction that it can get, could that become relevant to certain other internalised sort of payment networks or mechanisms possibly? But it's not personally just for me. I don't really see BTC as like a day-to-day medium exchange. Medium exchange. You see it more as like a storage of value. Yeah. But it's application use and all these different things. And I think it's great to have it explored and developed to use it. Exactly. For every different person, it's a different thing. I'm never going to say that's wrong and you've got it wrong.  But I'm never going to say this is great now. You know, GBP and USD are going to evaporate and not quite, not quite there. After speaking with the Bitcoin Bank, the next logical step was to go one rung of the financial ladder. So here I am talking to the Minister of Digital and Financial Services about Bitcoin and crypto in Gibraltar. It turns out that Albert Eusola is a hodler. Hello. My name is Joe Hall with Cointelegraph. I'm here today with Albert Eusola. Albert, how are you doing today? I'm good. Thank you. Very nice to see you and welcome to Gibraltar. I'm here at the moment because there has been certain retail and merchant adoption waves in the Bitcoin space. And similarly, Zapo, which is, at one point, it was one of the largest custodians of Bitcoin in the world, I think. I need to double check that fact, but I'm pretty confident, is based in Gibraltar and they saw it as one of the safest, secure places to secure that Bitcoin. Does the regulator see Bitcoin as separate to crypto or to separate to other DLTs? Or is it all sort of under the same umbrella? I think we regulate the businesses that hold these digital assets or digital stores of value. And so we want to do is control the people that touch them because if they are touching them for you by way of business, we want to make sure they're doing things properly and that they know what they're doing and that they have a viable business plan. They have capital in the bank to ensure that they're able to get out of a problem if things go bad. So all of those things is the global picture and provided they comply with what we require them to do from a regulatory perspective, then the rest is really up to them. So when you talk about adoption of the use of Bitcoin, is it going to come, yes it is, more and more, as more and more jurisdictions begin to regulate. And what is, for me, the ideal? The ideal is when there are enough countries doing it and we have an international standard of regulation where everyone has to comply with. Then it will be enormous in my view. And what about you personally? Would you spend your Bitcoin? I mean, do you have Bitcoin first? I do have Bitcoin. You do have Bitcoin? I do have Bitcoin. And would you spend it? Would you spend it at, say, one of the Costa coffees that's now accepting Bitcoin here on the streets of Gibraltar? I'm not at the stage yet where, for me, it's something that I would use at a regular basis. It's more of buying some for the benefit of my kids in years to come and better than touch it. Okay, so it's more of the generational wealth category? Yeah, it's just something that's fun. I think people have to put the amount of money into it that you can afford to lose because you never know what's going to happen, like with anything new. But I am impressed by its resilience. Even during this last hit, it's held itself from market to well. Has it taken a big drop? Yes. But look at the rest of the financial services market.  So I think it's demonstrated a level of resilience that I didn't expect it to have. So I think it will see it back up shortly. So can I buy you a coffee later over Bitcoin? Yeah, with pleasure. Unfortunately, I didn't get to see the minister later. Instead, I ran into Neil Walker, managing director for San Piper Gibraltar. They run the Costa Coffee franchises in Gib. Hi Neil. Hi Jake. How are you doing today? Good. So why are we sat here in front of a Costa Coffee in Gibraltar? I'm a retailer. I run shops and cafes in Gibraltar. I just happened, I guess, a little while ago to find Bitcoin and see everything that's happened on the Lightning Network. And I thought, you know, look at this. People are using mobile technology more and more and more and the natural next step looks to me like, you know, enabling the Lightning Network in our stores. How many places are there currently accepting Bitcoin over Lightning in Gibraltar? For us, there's seven. But we're not the only ones accepting Bitcoin in Gibraltar. There are other retailers who are accepting it before me.  So I think we're probably getting up to 12, 13, 14 places in Gibraltar that accept it. What is it with these British overseas territories and running with Bitcoin? This is about mobile payments and making things easier. The Lightning Network is, once you get over the first hurdle of understanding how to send it QR code or via address or whatever it is, it is so simple and easy and so quick. I believe it's going to be the payment network of the future, which is why I brought it into Gibraltar. And we'll just have to see what happens. And final question, why Bitcoin over Lightning, why not say Dogecoin? Elon Musk likes that. It's really quick as well, isn't it? Well, where is the adoption? When you look at the Lightning Network and you have Strike, Cash App, you have grassroots movements that have gone from being the Bitcoin beach started as a grassroots movement in one village and now El Salvador have adopted the Bitcoin and Lightning Network across the whole country. You've got multiple E-POS providers, the TIL providers, integrating Lightning Network payments into the TIL. For me, it's about the network and the adoption and for the Lightning Network, I think that it's exponentially growing and we'll get there. So that soon, in most places, whether you know it or not, you can be using the Lightning Network to pay for your purchases. Gibraltar, Bitcoin Rock. Bitcoin Rock. Come over, spend some sats. Exactly. Price of Bitcoin this year, sub-30k. Boredate yacht drive, by yourself. You could get a bit angry, I think. About to walk to Spain. This bridge was one million pounds. Should have bought Bitcoin.


The government revenue data set provides a more complete and consistent source of tax and revenue data for researchers to access and compared to any other single source the coverage is significantly better particularly for developing countries. The first innovation that we're able to offer is that we're able to show what a country's revenue picture looks like both with and without revenues that come from natural resources. The second thing is that we're also able to present tax revenues both inclusive and exclusive of social security contributions and this is important due to the different ways in that different countries collect social security contributions and also the ways that they're reported across different sources. A third improvement is much more data much more rich data for developing countries which other sources have previously lacked and which is of utmost importance for researchers working on development economics and tax policy in developing countries. The final improvement that we're able to make is that throughout the data where there are perhaps inconsistencies or things that researchers might not really be able to explain we've annotated the data and provided notes and some potential warnings when the data is slightly unreliable or perhaps needs a little more interpretation. This data set is freely available on the UNU Warrior website for researchers, policymakers and the general public to access. Previous research findings can now be called into question or replicated. Previously we had a situation where researchers were perhaps constructing their own ad hoc data sets based on various different international sources which made comparability and replicability across studies very difficult. It's very important that users trust that we have made the correct source choices and provided the best interpretation of the data and we do help to guide users with their use of the data. Hopefully with the government revenue data set the the policy advice will be based on findings from developing countries and then given to developing countries.


This is stock number 21T137A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2018 Ram 2500 Crew Cab Short Box Laramie Package. This truck has the 6.4 liter V8 Hemi motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. Delmonico Red is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website click that and check us out there. Very nice on that side comes with the polished aluminum 18 inch rims and it has Firestone Transforce AT LT27570R18 tires and these front tires look like they probably have about I'd say 70% of the tread left right around there. Frame and underbody is in excellent shape and the driver's side front fender is in excellent condition as well no dents or dings on that it does come with the projector lamp headlamps the LED running lights factory fog lights front bumper is in excellent shape no dents or dings on that has the front bumper parking sensors chrome trimmed grille the hood is in excellent condition as well this is a one owner clean title history clean auto check locally owned bought from us brand new and traded in passenger side rim no scuffs or scrapes and as you go down this side of the vehicle take note of how clean the body is how reflective and remember like that paint is we take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck you can see the truck hear the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and that is why we offer the summit auto fast pass option in the upper right hand part of your screen a link right to our website where you can apply for financing get pre-approved see a payment quote even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home so when you get here all you got to do is drive the truck love it it'll be all set to go back tires have just as much tread as the front tires and you can see just how clean that frame and under body is on here and it's like that all the way underneath has all the remaining factory exhaust and it has the wheel to wheel side steps little rockers all look really good the box looks really good didn't see any denser dings on that and rear bumper excellent condition as well back a parking sensors full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and the tailgate is in great shape as well access soft roll up tonneau cover no rips or tears on that comes with the spray and bed liner fifth wheel and goose neck hitch prep package you get these seven pin wiring back here and the led bed lighting and the bed itself is in very nice shape this one does have the cargo cam as well and that shuts nice and solidly and on the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side no denser dings on this box side and for full disclosure this back rim is in great shape too down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good has the enter and go system the heated fold out tow mirrors they also power fold in inside the laramy package gives you the black leather interior there are no rips there are no tears on the seats you get the laramy embossed on the backrest smells very clean inside this truck memory driver seat lumbar i don't think it's ever been smoked in has all other floor mats auto headlamps and power pedals audio controls on the back of this steering wheel and power windows power locks power mirrors and those power folding mirrors which is really nice especially with the tow mirrors i was like showing both sides so that you know that all the options are working properly we'll turn the ignition on here so that you can see the instrument cluster and radio this truck has 8146 miles you do get the digital speedometer compass outside temp time trailer gain and you can change those to read whatever you want has the heated leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls on the right bluetooth and information center controls on the left this one has the six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift comes with the factory navigation system you have the am fm serious xm radio capabilities on here this is also where your backup cam shows up and then there's your cargo cam and then you can do your climate here notice you do get the dual climate control and you also can do your heated and cooled seat buttons turn the brightness up just a little bit and you can also do your apps here including projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen through android auto or apple carplay and if you've got a different navigation system that you like to use better than the factory you can project that to the screen or if you want to just project you can control music and everything through there as well we actually did demo on android auto if you want to check that out it's in the upper right hand part of the screen click us click that and check us out there has the alpine premium sound system down here your more tactile climate controls as well as a volume and tune control knob turned out four-wheel drive factory brake controller five upfitter switches for lights and stuff stability control toe hall and those front rear parking sensors you can turn those off keyless entry with remote start you also get a 115 volt 150 watt plug-in passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition as well no rips or tears on there headliner is in great shape and it does have the power sunroof map lights homelink buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems power slide rear window button and your assist and s.o.s buttons in the review mirror we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and check out under the hood back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips no tears back here it does have latch child safety system for any child car ct may have power sign rear window with the built-in rear defrost these seats fold up like so and they also have the load floor here which is really nice if you got muddy boots or tools set them on there you're not going to get your seats all dirty or if you got pets you can put both sides down they got a nice flat place too late there is also storage underneath here you get a receiver hitch reducer additional trailer wiring that you can use in floor storage with removable bins for easy cleaning and these back seats are heated and those buttons are right there child safety locks on the back doors we'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood see there's no check engine lights or anything like that i would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out under the hood we have the six-point-kilometer v8 commu motor engine bay is very clean runs very smooth once again this truck has been fully safety to and inspect by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100 percent ready to go it does have the clearance lights up there too and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks scvs minivans wranglers half tons three quarter tons one tons you name it we got it go to our website right there www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your upper left a link to more ram 2500 truck videos like this one in the upper right a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to our latest youtube video in the lower right click those check us out and we really look forward to help you with this super clean 2018 ram 2500 crew cab shortpox laramy in delmonico red pearl thanks again for checking out the video


So it's been a while since I've seen you. How have you been? Yeah, yeah pretty good a little bit of traveling but I can dial in now Yeah, it's been it's been a crazy little while I know it's been it's been a little bit of time since we've been able to make our video I know we've we haven't done very many together We were kind of hoping to do one every every week or every other week Chris and I get together and just at least chat once a week to just touch base But it's been a while and we thought we need to get something out so that you guys know We haven't completely just abandoned the idea of making these videos So today we thought we'd talk just briefly about what it takes to make a good PR and The elements that kind of go into the basics of a really good PR for the mycroft community And so I think today instead of doing our like intro and all the rest of that We're just going to jump right in and get right down into business and crank out a really quick video Yeah, yeah, so I think this is this is going to be some tips for how to make a good PR And also if you're helping us out by reviewing PRs what what to look for In there, you know mycroft is a very large Fairly large open-source community And we get a lot of we get a lot of contributions many more than we can review ourselves We're a pretty small team and we you know, we kind of have to stay focused on things like the getting the mark to out so Often, you know, we get we get a lot of contributions that are really cool features but not necessarily essential features so The ball that the community can help us review those as well the quicker we can get them in there and and get more features out for everyone so This is intended to help out on that front as well. And with that, let's get right to it Here we've got a PR from Fossland or okay It's got the titles obviously fix remote settings over at startup so you may not really Understand the contents of this but that's all we're really interested in We just want to use this as an example. So whether you're making a PR or reviewing it You you want to make sure that first and foremost the code that you're submitting is going into the right Branch it's going to the right place. So you'll see directly under the heading. We've got Fossland wants to merge one commit into mycroft AI colon dev So that's the place where the code is going to So it's going into the mycroft repository onto the dev branch from Fossland's repository from the feature remote startup on change branch, so One of the one of the things that we that causes a few problems is if people try and say push a Change directly to our master branch for example, or maybe it's going to some other feature branch It should go to dev by default Unless you change it, but if it is wrong then a whole bunch of the automated things Just not going to work because you know, it's it's looking at two different code bases and saying, okay You know can this cleanly merge into this other one? If not, then, you know, we'll throw some errors at you and stuff And also when it runs the tests on your code It's going to run it based on if this code was merged into this branch These are the tests that we'd run and and this is the outcome of those tests. So So that's it's a very critical one. Um, so anytime you're reviewing a PR Just just have a quick glance at that and make sure that's right before you spend any time anywhere else Cool You'll see on the right, you know, we've got a few labels Some of those are automatically applied some of them some of them we add ourselves You know, you'll kind of learn about that as you go But most of the time we'll handle that stuff for you And then I think the second thing that you really want to look at is is the checks So before we bother reviewing code A lot of the time it's good to see whether the tests are passing or not and whether You know There's a few different checks that happen So if we had all the way to the bottom of the screen, uh, we will see that there's some some red and some green So the the main red there is that the code hasn't been reviewed yet So that's expected because we haven't reviewed it But the the thing that we do want to check is that all of the Checks have passed. So in this repository there are three separate Checks and if you click show all checks on the right Um We'll we'll see that, you know, there's a few different things that are going going on there Um, so we're going to go into detail about what they are because they're going to differ from For different projects different repositories, but um, you know, it's most likely That the the code builds correctly That any unit or integration tests are running and passing properly Um, you know, there could be some other things in there Uh, so that's that's what they're about. So if they're not passing then That's then your call to make about Is this is this PR that you want to review right now? Um, so if they're not passing It's probably something that the author needs to go and and have a look at and fix up If they're struggling and they Don't understand why it's failing Then that's when we can go in and have a look and and try and provide a bit of guidance to them But but generally if the tests aren't passing it's the checks aren't passing That's um, that's probably something that the author the code author needs to to have a look at Um And so this saves us a lot of time, you know, we don't want to bother reviewing a whole bunch of code that are being told by the system doesn't work. So So, you know, we want to save our time. We want you guys to save your time as well. So Cool does that make sense so far. Yep Sweet um, what are we moving on to so then Um, once we've we've made sure that those basic things are in place We'll we'll start to look at the details of the PR itself. Um, so mycroft has, uh A A template that people need to fill out when they're creating a PR That can differ from from different repositories, but then we have a sort of global default as well uh, but primarily it it has to include and A description that does a brief overview of of what the change is and why it's being made um We include how to test it. So because you wrote the code, um, or because whoever wrote the code should know how to verify that it works or not Preferably that's going to be in the form of an integration test or a unit test or something of that nature, but it might also include, you know Say this thing to my, you know run mycroft and say this thing and it should do something different or in this case you know Ensure that the skill updates actually work properly. Um edit edit something locally because this is this is about not Um forcing updates from from remote onto a local system You know edit edit the settings locally and make sure that that they don't get overwritten So just trying to provide nice clear instructions for a reviewer on on how to make sure that This change is really really working because it probably seems very obvious when you're When you're the one making the pr because you you understand exactly what the what the problem was What your solution is? Um, but that's not always as clear for people when they're reviewing. So We try and encourage people to do that as much as possible Well, it also makes your job easier, right? Like if you don't have to spend time Kind of deciphering what it is you have to do like even if the description is bang on You may not be immediately obvious What it is that that you need to do to make sure that this works properly So if you can get almost kind of a cut and paste Instruction it makes it way easier to take a half hour to review a pull request That has good tests and you can push it down the pipe as opposed to something like you look it up And you think well it might even take me an hour and a half or two hours just to Just to go through to figure out what it is that I need to do to make sure this works properly You're less likely to take that That addition on to to your day. And so that pull request will probably sit Yeah, exactly. Um Yeah, like if you're making a pull request making it as easy as possible for reviewers to to do their job means that they're going to be more likely to review your pr And you know as you said like I'm sure that Given a little bit of time you can figure out. Okay, they made this change So I should do this thing to make sure that that's still working and and as a reviewer You do need to try and think about some edge cases and things like that But but yeah, if you can if you can provide some really straightforward You know run this command instructions then It makes it a lot easier and you'll get a reputation for having easy to review commits. Yeah Which you know means that people are more likely to You know just grab one while they're you know between jobs or you know, if they've got an hour in the evening They might you know, they might look at a few pr's and say well, I'm pretty sure that that you know that person does good Good descriptions and good test instructions So I'm sure that I'll have time to sort of have a poke at that one But I'm less sure about these other ones Yeah, and case in point when we were trying to decide on a good pull request to do this video for We looked at the the reviewers and and the authors and said oh well forzeland almost always does Really good pr's and so we actually kind of out of the hundreds that we could have chosen from We kind of narrowed it down to which ones of his are kind of active right now Because we knew that because we knew that he follows the process through and makes it easy for the reviewers Yeah, yeah absolutely So yeah, and if if someone hasn't got the Detailed information in there and you're you're Looking to review it then feel free to push back on them and say how do I test this?  I'm not quite clear from your description what the problem that you're trying to solve is or What your intended solution is or why this is really a problem or you know, whatever like Definitely ask questions. Um, and if it's your pr and people are asking questions then It's because they they want to get your change merged in so, you know Try and be helpful and You know, no one's asking questions just for the sake of Commenting, you know, there's there's no gamification. There's no point system for how many comments you can make or anything like that It's just we're all trying to help each other out. So um, so the more that we can help each other do that Uh, the quicker we can get things merged and the better better microp becomes for everyone. So um Do you want to talk a little bit about Good descriptions Yeah, so for a good description Oftentimes it it needs to be right to the point and you have to strike that balance between providing a wall of text and not providing Enough description. Uh, so generally speaking you try to do What what force lund has done here where he provides some context as to what's happening like he's talks about What the current functionality is actually doing? And then why this pr is needed? And what it does to kind of address that issue And and that's really important because when you go through if if you Give a high-level overview of what the pr is attempting to do to rectify the the situation When you review the commits, you can actually view it through The lens of what the person was trying to achieve, right? If you just simply review What they did without what they were trying to achieve You might not get let's say The best code for the job And I I see this a lot in When I deal with clients for work The client will come to me and say I want a solution that does X but they won't actually tell you what they're trying to solve. And so if you just blindly go down the path of Trying to um Work off of some specific thing you'll find that The solution you come up with is not the solution. They ultimately wanted It's just what they thought they wanted and it's the same thing in this case if you don't have a good description Uh, the solution that comes in May look like it fits But it might not actually be what you're trying to do Or at least it may not be the optimal route for the approach that you're trying to take And so a good description helps everybody it helps you kind of Cement the thoughts that you that you have and maybe even and I've had this when I write a description I go back and make an additional commit before I submit it because I realized that um, I I was missing something or Something clicked and I had a better way and so a good description helps you it helps the pull request and it helps form an idea of what you're trying to achieve Yeah, yeah Yeah, and if you're not if you don't have that why Often you'll get the question of like well, why didn't you just do blah because You know the person is thinking. Oh, well if you're only trying to do this little thing Which is what they you know based on your pr title or something like that um You know, it won't be clear as to why you needed to make all these other changes and and all that sort of thing so um Yeah, again, it just helps helps everyone get on the same page. Um and helps the review process go much quicker um The other thing is, you know like commits this becomes part of the history of the project And so when people are looking back and they say they look they go, you know, why Why is this code the way that it is? They can go back and look at the um the pull request and and see all that detail And that might be in a week. It might be in five years time like who knows Um, cool So then the next the final bit uh that we want to look at um is the commit history I think I think I find it good to just have a brief look at the commit history This one is obviously really simple. Uh, it's all in it's it's a fairly straightforward change.  It's like, oh man, this one this one might be a bit painful. So, uh But that's not a reason not to reveal it It just might it just might be something that you provide a bit of feedback on to the um to the code author as well Um, and we can't we do have the ability to to squash commits when we're merging them, but we'll we'll get into that later um Yeah, I think I think that's about it. Like, you know from the from when you're first jumping in to have a look at a pr the things that you want to The things that you want to really take note of first before you You know dedicate some time to actually reviewing the code Which I think will save us all a lot of time and and mean that we we get the best commits merged more quickly So in in this video this this was kind of a a short quick and easy What makes a good pr and and really it boils down to Make sure that you have a good description about What you're doing Why you're doing it and possibly how you're doing it and that leads into making sure that you have a good How do I test section? Uh, we also talked a little bit about making sure that the automated tests is are passing If there are actual automated tests in the branch Um, and aside from that Try to make sure that your commit messages are good that you don't have a lot of duplicates where You know, I think the example was used fix a typo. Like if you just have seven commits saying fix a typo Um, maybe you should take some time to clean that up before you submit your pr and that that's basically it Yeah, so next time, uh, I think we'll we'll start getting into Uh We'll start getting into what you should look for when you're actually reviewing the code itself So today we we just looked at the pr and we'll we'll get into the code Um Provide some of the tips that you know things that we look out for Uh, as well as how to actually get the code onto your machine so that you can run it locally and But that's about it for this one. So Until next time. Yeah, hopefully we don't have as long of a lag although Christmas is coming up. So We might have another Longish break between our next video. So hopefully we don't have we don't make a a long pattern of this Yeah, yeah, totally. Although with covid. I'm I'm just gonna be At my desk through Christmas. So who knows? We'll see if we can squeak one or two in then Yeah, uh, but yeah, if you if you like what we're talking about here then then make sure to Hit the like button and it feels weird to say this sort of stuff But hit the like button or like put a comment about you know Think your own tips for reviewing prs Or any questions that you have that you've run into And if you want to if you want to help reviewing prs at microsoft then uh, then Also you know Do a comment or just jump into our github and uh, and there's just plenty to choose from Come join us on microsoft chat. There's plenty of friendly people that can point you in the right direction So yeah until next time Until next time. Ciao


The Screaming Orphans not only have new material out but they're also touring and in fact they are playing at Leos in Crawley this coming Tuesday night, the 31st. The Screaming Orphans four diverse sisters from Bondore and Joan, Angela, Gronja and Marie Therese and they, well they came from a musical family because their mother Kathleen was a well-known Kelly singer. She played shows not only here in Ireland but also in England and in Germany and then went to the girls, hit their teenage years, they formed their own band, a Celtic pop band and wrote their own material and they've played with the likes of Sinead O'Connor, Peter Gabriel and the Chieftains down through the years. Anyhow I'm delighted that two of the sisters Gronja and Joan are joining me now and streaming as well. Good afternoon ladies. Good afternoon John. How are you doing today? Hello from Bondore. Pardon? Hello from Bondore. Well yeah. Just down the road. Good part of the world. I hope the weather's better there than it is here. Ah, do you know it's wet? Yeah. How are things going? You've new material out and you're touring so you know things must be good with the Screaming Orphans. We do. We just have released a new pop single and it's actually it's coming out November 3rd. So that's why we're doing just a couple of shows up to the release but it's in the past I know for the in May was it or June was it June or whatever? God I forget. We actually released some Irish music. So we have a folk album. Yeah. This is our pop offering. Well folk with a twist. Yeah, folk with a twist. Yeah, you're right. Folk with a twist. It's got a pop, pop leaning as well very much. And that material and those songs and the way the way that they were on the album that that must go down well live. It does. It does. We do a lot of touring in the US and it's very popular. You know I suppose you know it's popular with a lot of people not even people with Irish heritage. I think because we always have the pop element to know some of the songs some of the you know the more traditional songs and the folk songs we actually play in a very traditional way. But the ones that we add a sort of a pop twist to and they they really seem to appeal to people who have especially in the US you know people who may not have you know Irish heritage. So it's great mix. So it pulls the whole crowd in because it's interesting for the people of with you know that know these Irish songs from their parents grandparents to hear a new twist on it. Yeah. So that yeah. But I'd imagine that a lot of people who come to your shows in the States that they would there would be some Irish connection and there might be some familiarity with these songs. Oh there is. There is. And that's why at times we like to do something just a wee bit different with them. So especially for the younger people because I always think it's great to pull in the younger people. But we always feel like we do with the sort of more pop twists because they listen to the song and they say oh that's a great song. I love that song and then they go on to Spotify YouTube or whatever and they start looking it up and they find the old versions of it. And many people have come up to us and said oh because we mentioned a lot of people as well at our shows that would have you know recorded it before us many years. So because it's a learning experience you like to teach people about your culture and your songs. Absolutely. And it's great to bring more people into the fold if you like to forward traditional songs and folk songs and then you know they'll go off wherever Spotify whatever and they'll discover some of the original artists and whatever the entry point it's great. It is. It is. But this latest thing that we have stop stop it's kind of like the other arm of us isn't it Jo? It's kind of more our pop side. You know we always love our pop music as well as our Irish and you know traditional and mixing the two. But so this is our more being it's going to be we're working on a new pop album at the moment as well and we're back producing it with John Reynolds and Janades. Yeah that which has been a very successful collaboration with you and when you were recording the song as well you got you got a great backing vocalist Lucy Jules. We want to steal and bring her on tour with us. Yeah well she sang with um she sang for years with George Michaels. How did you manage to get Lucy on board? Well do you know actually it was um she happened to be in with John in the studio and we had actually sent across um you know a couple of songs like demos to John and he was actually playing it. He was just you know doing a little bit of working on it saying oh maybe you should you know drop this you know just like he sees amazing. So um she happened to come into the studio and she was working with John on some other track because John works with many. This is when he was in London still he actually has moved now to Ireland. He's moved to studio to Ireland which is brilliant but um she happened to be in working on some other music that he was doing and he played it for her and she said oh I love that. She said I know exactly what I would sing. She said if that was like yeah and George saw and she just got up at the mic and sang it and John says do you mind if I tape you? And she says no problem and he said she said she would be delighted to sing on it and she it was so amazing. We couldn't believe it. Yeah well it was your lucky day wasn't it? Lucky day yeah. And you know as you mentioned there you guys do a lot of touring in the States so it takes you away from home quite a bit and you I know you you've done cruises in the past and festivals so you know a wide variety and then when we're in the States there's you know a long time it's like there's long distances involved and as a result you know you don't go over there for a week and come home. No that is the thing it's incredibly um long distances between shows and it's always really funny we come home you know to drive to Dublin is like the road to us because in general we drive we will always drive to a gig that is 12 hours we don't consider that like anything major and when things start to go into like you know we actually we rarely fly to 18 or 19 hour gigs like if we go to Florida we would drive now we drove to Montana once for a gig but we're trying to we're dying to drive to California we actually have a festival scheduled um next year in California and we were we were planning but the problem with it is it cuts off a big not a big but a chunk of our time at home so yeah and we love home like I could never like settle really and you know in America I just I love Ireland it's it's part of you you can really be creative and right here we come home here to recharge and right and just and just spend some quality family time and you know just kind of there's nowhere like home and especially dirty go as long as now we're telling everyone exactly fourth best destination in the entire world we're no longer a secret yeah it's great to go on tour and and connect the people and meet new people and all the rest of it but it's you know it's good to get home as well oh that's great there's nothing like it but America is America is a great place for touring though it's it's um it's very much set up for it you know the roads and you know and the venues Americans love music and the thing about America is if you even stop in some little town or little city there's there's always a great music scene there's a great music venue the people actually they go to even if they've never heard the band they actually you know because they love music it's their night out oh there's somebody on tonight it might be a Tuesday night so they actually go with their friends because they like to discover new music and and luckily there still is uh you know there still is that in America there's there are a lot of people who you know like to discover music still through the old-fashioned way of going to see a band that was touring passing through instead of you know spotifying you know YouTube and all that yeah which is which is fine up to a point but you know it's fine up to a point nothing can hide the just the excitement of just discovering band life it's brilliant yeah and and when you're on these mammoth journeys from place to place who does the driving our other sister Mary Trace Mary Trace is the quiet one if we have to go somewhere in a hurry I do it yes I have got the lead foot I'm just on the GPS I'm the Google Maps and if Angela was driving we would never get there it would take three months because she doesn't want to hit anything yeah she drives so like she terrified it's an animal she's cautious she's cautious she's a careful driver I nearly hit a fly there it's like she is so worried that an animal will come across the road and we're crying in the cargo please Angela so smart Mary Trace is the designated driver she is she is like she's attached because we were playing in a festival outside Kansas City and of course with airlines when was that this is like about it was 2021 it was the end of 2021 they just shut down the airport and they just cancel all flights so it was like and we had to be back in New York and like this was on the Sunday the Monday afternoon we had to be back in New York and they weren't like flying us out until I don't know like right here no don't exaggerate but anyway so we just made a snap decision and we were the one who was lucky people we just got um a minivan we got the last rental car a minivan so we picked it up and we just drove from camp and Mary Trace drove straight she drove for hours she did what she did she did the night but Steve was going through because there's something although I didn't sleep either no I was I was her GPS but you know things like that you know um you know Mary Trace it's great to have her it's just fabulous she just seems to have eyes she can see deer yeah from like three miles away she goes there's deer over there they're a danger at certain times keep her happy don't fall out with Mary Trace then whatever you do no you couldn't fall out with her she's really easy going she's the best in the world and he's managed four sisters and off that touring together and recording together and playing together it can't be easy yeah all the time yeah we're weird no we're not we're not we're not joke no you know the thing is John people always ask that but I've always always said the thing that binds us together apart from like family ties because you know we're used to grew up with each other we've always played music together and first and foremost music is our passion it's our obsession and we've always always always wanted to be in a band and we we we know that we are individually we are not as strong as we are together together we are really strong and we realize that we realize that years and years ago we know that we can't survive without each other we're one of those bands that if something happens to one of us we will we will cease to exist we could never replace each other because there's just something about the four of us playing together and the four of us we don't even have to think we're like we're just tied in and I suppose we've been at it so long we are just aiming as well to break the world record I don't know what it's been but for the longest the longest of female bands yeah four not just four female band but four sisters four sisters for all those years listen I was I was going to play Mary from Dunlop but now you were chatting so much about stop stop I'm gonna feel guilty if I don't play that so play whatever you want whatever you like I'll line up I'll line up stop stop so and this is from your your new album this is an album of pop material but you know important to to remind listeners as well that you did of that that saw that album of the folk songs the traditional songs earlier in the year so people can expect anything done at Leo's anything we like to we'd like to surprise and we don't like to stick to anything we like to watch the crowd I think it's you're being brought up entertaining and that's why you don't stick to one thing because to cut one thing off you know from your in your creative output and just to concentrate one thing is like cutting off part of yourself because we love our Irish music we love tunes we love ballads we love folk songs and we love pop music okay well it's hard to punish on wrong you there's therefore okay well it is it's next Tuesday night 34th down in Leo's in Crawley and the best look with the album and the the money to agronia and Joan from the Screaming Orphans thank you