There is one lyric of yours that troubles me. Which one? Pussy tastes like cantaloupe. Sugar baby, watermelon like you from the coast. What's wrong with it? You have no idea why that might be troubling to me. Tell me, tell me, tell me. You have no clue. What are you, are you taking it literal? Like the cantaloupe is in the vagina? Or how are you taking this? I don't know. This is like a, it's a metaphor. First of all, I don't think you even like cantaloupe. No, but the whole point of it is that it tastes good like a fruit. But are vaginas supposed to taste like fruit?  It feels great. Are vaginas supposed to taste like fruit? I feel like you don't understand poetic justice here. It's not poetry. It is. It is. It's like a metaphor. What are vaginas supposed to taste like? They just taste like... ...vaginas. Yeah. It tastes good. Like fruit. No, it doesn't. Fruits are sugary. Yeah, I get it.  I get that. But I'm not literally saying that you're putting cantaloupe in your vagina. Yeah, but we shouldn't also strive either to have vaginas that taste like fruit. We should strive to have vaginas that taste like natural, balanced vaginas. Which can taste good and give you the feeling...  Tastes like the feeling you get. That's too many words to do. I'm asking for a creative edit here. I think you could work with me. Okay, change the line. How would you say it? I swear your pussy-pussy-pussy tastes like the feeling I get when I eat fruit. However, I am satisfied with the fact that it tastes like a vagina because that's what it actually is. What's going on, everybody? I am popping in to let you know that this video is sponsored by Squarespace. From websites to online stores to marketing tools and analytics, Squarespace is the all-in-one platform to build a powerful, beautiful online presence today and run that business you've been wanting to start. So if you haven't checked them out, go over to Squarespace.com slash Shambutti and start playing around for free. And when you're ready to launch, just go to Squarespace.com slash Shambutti and give that business a shot. Now back to the video. I know that I said less, Jared, than the last video, but I had to drag it back for that one because, Canelo, we are moving out of the era that told us that our vaginas need to smell and taste like flowers and fruits. And instead, we are embracing the fact that our natural balance scent is where it's at. And when we talk about balance, we're speaking of pH. But what exactly is pH? So pH stands for power of hydrogen. When we talk about pH, we're talking about a scale that measures hydrogen concentration of fluids, specifically bodily fluids in this case. And this scale goes from zero, which is very acidic, to 14, which is very basic, very alkaline.  People whose vagina is within the normal pH range for their body. If you are outside of that range and you notice that there is a very strong odor or a drastic change in color, your first stop is to go to the doctors or OBGYN. Everyone else, you can keep listening. The number one thing to note about the smell and taste of your vagina is the biggest influence is something that we often don't have a hands-on roll in. And that is your menstrual cycle. As you go through the different phases, you're going to notice different scents. So while you're in your period, there might be more of a metallic taste at different times. It might be sweeter. Sometimes it might be more tart. During ovulation, the vaginal scent and taste is actually at its muskiest. And we often don't think of the word musky as positive when it comes to our genitals. But as studies will show you, that musky scent can do some magical things for your life. And I think that's important to note because, again, this is a part of embracing the fact that the vagina smells good. It doesn't have to smell different in order to be good. The actual scent of the vagina is really, really pleasing. All right. So when it comes to things that you can do to impact the smell and taste of your vagina, yes, what you put in does impact what comes out. So being conscious of the foods that you're eating and how much water you're drinking can play a role. Now, how much of a role and easy way to assess this is by gauging the smell of your sweat and of your pee. So if you notice a certain food is changing those things, it is likely changing your taste as well. So nutrient dense foods are obviously most ideal. Drinking tons of water is obviously most ideal. You know this from your pee. The times you barely drink water, it is a very strong, very pungent result that you get. When you drink a lot of water, it's a lot more mellow. Same goes for your vagina. It's also about what you don't put into your body. And that is processed foods or foods, again, that you notice for your particular body makeup. Make your sweat and your pee smell or taste a way that you don't find favorable. And in addition, it's always helpful to be mindful of how much tobacco and alcohol you're consuming. And if you notice that you have a more stale, more bitter taste and smell, try thinking about cutting back a little bit in those areas. I do want to say a note about eating certain foods in order to taste better on date night or play night, whatever you want to call it. I don't think there's any harm in downing two cartons of pineapples if you feel like that makes you taste better because placebo to me is half of the magic. A big part of having an enjoyable experience with someone is confidence, feeling good about your body and also just feeling more bussy wide open worthy. And if those foods help you do that, that is going to make the sex better. That's going to make the experience better. And if you are acting like I taste incredible, I am incredible. Your partner will also buy into it. So to me, it does work. Whatever your thing is that you feel personally, personally, I feel like apple cider vinegar does that for me. I've never read any studies that really back that up, but it gives me that it gives me this feeling. So I do it. So whatever your thing is, if it's healthy, do it.  Please notice that I'm differentiating between vagina and Volvo.  So we don't clean the vagina. We don't clean our uterus or try to get to our cervix. We acknowledge that's a self-cleaning system that doesn't need our help. So no douching ever. You already knew that. I don't got to repeat it, but no douching ever just in case you didn't know that. But the Volvo, however, can definitely use your help.  And that is just a mix of sweat, dead skin cells and vaginal secretions that dry over time. These are not bad things, but when they're built up over time, it can get unpleasant. So you want to make sure with warm water and a washcloth, you don't need anything else. If you choose to use a light scented soap or a light scented cleanser, that is your business. But you don't need those things. Just warm water, cleaning around the folds, using the cloth to remove any of that white residue that exists can definitely do things in the right direction. Cleaning under the clitoral hood could also be helpful. But again, be very sensitive because those are very sensitive parts. You don't need to go up inside of the vagina, but cleaning the folds around the vaginal opening can also be helpful. A couple last tips to get the best out of your vagina. Try to wear cotton underwear as much as possible. Studies show that synthetic materials can cause more BV and vaginal infections. And so go cotton as much as you comfortably can. I get it sometimes we have our latex nights and a couple nights isn't going to hurt you. In addition, try to hold everything that goes into your vagina to the same standards we're discussing today.  And if you are having unprotected sex with someone and their bodily fluids are coming into contact with yours, you can ask questions about what's going into their body or who they're sharing their body with because that can definitely impact things. I know for myself, I had a partner whom I just never got into a balance or a flow. My body never got into a balance or flow with them. And a lot of that had to do with one, what they put into their body and two, who else they were sharing their body with. So feel empowered to ask those questions if you're at that space of comfort with someone. Now let's do a quick troubleshoot list. Here are some things that could be making your vagina smell or taste worse.  Like really properly leaving a tampon or cup in for too long. For example, eight hours or more.  And I think that this is particularly interesting because in many cases the stress of a smelly and funky vagina activates a possibility for a smelly and funky vagina. It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. So the more that we buy into this idea that we are fishy and that we are bad tasting and that we are disgusting and the more we stress out about it, the more likely that is to be true. Now there are particular glands that activate when we are stressed out and these glands are not there for bad reasons. They're there to help us cool down and also to relieve anxiety. But when those glands and the milky fluid they produce mix with our natural balance scent, it can make things a little bit more stale and odorous. So to end this video off, let's do a guided stress de-stress meditation. Your creator, the universe, nature has your back. Your body is the bomb. What comes out of your body is perfect. It is what is intentional to come out of your body. It is attractive. It is sumptuous. It is glorious. Enjoy it. Bask in it. And if there are other people who are so lucky to get close enough to do those things as well, hold them to that standard. Make sure that they understand that this temple has beautiful gifts to offer. And if you don't know how to receive those gifts as they are coming, then you need to go. So head over to squarespace.com for a free trial and when you're ready to launch, go to squarespace.com slash shamboody to save 10% of your first purchase of a website or a domain.


Okay, so now let's just take a quick look at some of the issues with regards to investments. Now if you're a business and you have money in the investments, then you have a question of how you're going to report later income or increases and decreases in the investments. So if you're invested in, say, stocks and bonds, for example, then you're going to get dividend income and you're going to get interest income. From a logistical standpoint, you might receive the dividend income and investment income and it might then go into the checking account. If that happens, you might have your bank feeds set up and then as you receive those items, you're going to record them to income on the income statement. When you record those things to income, oftentimes you might not want to put them as normal income at the top of the income statement, but rather at the bottom of the income statement as other income. Why? Because that's not what you normally do in this business for income. This business is selling guitars and whatnot and therefore the investment income is at the bottom because that's just some random income we've got that isn't part of our principal business. So that's the first thing to kind of note. Also, you might roll in the income and reinvest it as you receive the income, which makes it a little bit more complex to record automatically because you're not going to get the bank feeds that are showing you the income as they come in. You'll see them periodically as you check your investments. So then the question is when do I check my investments and how do I alter or adjust my investment accounts as the investment changes over time? Do possibly to the dividends and interest that are accumulating and possibly due to the fact that the underlying stock is changing in value. So one thing to note that QuickBooks is not here. It's not the kind of software where you're going to track the day-to-day investments in the stocks and help you for day-to-day trading. There's other software that you can do that. It's also not a software that's going to be updated. You know, you can't connect it. You might think, well, can't I connect it to my online financial institution like a Vanguard or an eTrade so that it updates other software does that and it's true other software does that, right? So it increases your balance to the market rate. QuickBooks doesn't do that because QuickBooks is an accounting software. The accounting software is designed not just to have the balance sheet balance correct at any given time, but to record the transactions related to it. So you want to record if there was an increase due to income or capital gains, then you're supposed to record the income to get and then double check that the balance matches what is on the statement like you do with a bank reconciliation. You wouldn't want QuickBooks to tie into your bank and say, yeah, there's 128,000 in the account and just change this number to be whatever that is. Why? Because then you wouldn't have entered all the transactions using the double entry accounting system, which are recording and creating the income statement oftentimes. So QuickBooks isn't designed to just make a balance sheet based on what the financial institutions say. It's designed to pull in the transactions possibly to double check all the transactions so that once they are entered, you end up with the ending balance. Now, there is other software. There's like a personal capital, I think has one. I think TurboTax used to be owned by Intuit, but someone else owns it. I haven't used it since they left Intuit, so I don't know much about them at this point. But there is other software that can connect to the financial institutions and just give you a balance, at least per financial institution, and that's kind of nice. So you might actually use both of those tools, the software that gives you just like a snapshot of where you are at, a balance sheet, and then QuickBooks, where you have to adjust from time to time and then record the related income as you make those adjustments. And then you could also use some software that tracks more regularly, possibly just using the platform themselves, E-Trade or a Vanguard or your bank, in order to track the day-to-day activities within a particular fund. So that's something to just be aware of. So for QuickBooks, you might then update it on a monthly basis, and you might go in here and look at your statement, and if it went up, it's going to go up for multiple reasons. You might reinvest the dividends and interest, and you might have capital gains, or it might go down. You might have capital losses. Then the question is, should I adjust this account to the current value? Let's say it was just capital gains. Let's say I'm getting the dividends and interest as income, recording them as income, and then this amount is changing to the statement due to due to market value fluctuation. Should I record that market value fluctuation, or should I keep this at the standard amount at cost? Because you'll note with equipment, we usually keep it at cost. And the argument for the equipment is, the equipment is unique. And so your wear and tear on the equipment is unique. It's an estimate. But if you're investing in market stocks and bonds, they're equivalent to all other stocks and bonds. So at least at that point in time, you know exactly what the value is. So there's actually a good argument then to make the adjustment to market value here, where the argument isn't quite as strong to adjust like your equipment to market value, because you don't know exactly what the market value is. Here you do know what the market value is, even though the market might be wrong in terms of the long term. So then you could adjust it. If you look at the like generally accounting accepting rules for adjusting, there's different rules in terms of whether you're going to hold it short term or long term and whatnot. I'm not going to get into that in detail. I'll just kind of discuss the different ideas you might use. If you say, okay, what if this went up by a thousand, then if you're going to, and we'll do this in the adjusting entries, your issue is going to be, well, if it goes up by a thousand, what am I going to do? Is there a form I can do to record that transaction? No, because there's no, that's not a normal transaction in our accounting process. So we might have to just use a journal entry, which I would think would be an adjusting journal entry that you might do at the end of the month when you get the statements. And you might then increase this if it went up by a thousand. Where's the other side going to go in the double entry accounting system? There's two options. You could create another account in equity that would be the other side, which would record the unrealized gains and losses. That's not usually the easiest method that kind of confuses things. Most people will just write it off to the income statement, meaning income. It's unrealized income. So you might call it unrealized income because you haven't yet sold the stock. And once again, you probably wouldn't put it on the top of the income statement, but rather on the bottom of the income statement as other income, because it's not part of your normal operations. So we'll talk more about that when we get to the adjusting entries. I just also want to point out that if you have your investment here, unlike your personal, say you're using QuickBooks for your personal investments, then the question is, well, how should I break out my investments? Like if I have investments in a whole bunch of different mutual funds or even stocks, should I list out all the stocks in QuickBooks? And generally the answer is no, right? Because that's too much detail. You want to get into all that detail in the software, like at E-Trader, Vanguard, and QuickBooks should give you a summary of where you stand at any given point in time. So one method you might use is if you might use big group categories, like these are my investments in stocks, these are my investments in bonds. That's one way you can do it. Although many people invest in 401k plants that have both stocks and bonds within them, so it's difficult to do that. Another method you might use is that you might record an item per institution. So if you're investing in multiple places, like a Vanguard, an E-Trade, and your bank or something, then you might just say, I'm going to create an investment account and then have a sub-account per institution and just adjust your overall balance on a per institution basis, having all the detail then with the Vanguard statements and possibly with like a personal capital or a quick end kind of report as well to supplement your more detailed investment kind of strategies so that you have an overall investment here.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping 23 at Panini Illuminance, football hobby, 6 box break, number 13, random team style. Here's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website under the results tab, as well as the link that's in chat. So good luck. Let's do it. Box number one on the top row. True. 2-1-50 is Derek Henry. You can get like adhesive strips on the bottom too maybe. There's Henden Hooker, year one. Going to the Lions. There you go, Detroit. Very cool. That's on that Jonathan, Jonathan B. Picking up the Henden Hooker, year one. And a savage of Chandler Jones. Oh, that's him stiff arming on the interception return. Mack Jones. That's funny. Who was it? Who threw that? Chacoby Meyer threw that ridiculous pass. Tyree Wilson, Will Mallory. Nick Bosa on the Beacons. Light the Beacons. Nice one there. Bree Salt to 2-50. Sean Clifford to 100. And Unforgettable. Tyree Kill. What's up, Curtis? Which one, Puka? Josh Downs. Devon Witherspoon. Sam Laporta. Will Leviss. Nice one there to 35 for the Titans. Michael Wilson, year one. Two year ones in one box. There you go, Cardinals. This one there, Caesar. Year one. Caesar. Michael Wilson. And Micah Parsons' Vestage. Got just four remain on our NT random division style case. Get that filled up as well as Star Wars 6 series, 14 to go there. Will Anderson, Jackson Smith, and Jigba. Michael Meyer to 75 for the Raiders. Nice one there. Rishi Rice. Year one. Three year ones in one box. That's nuts. Congrats, Chiefs. There you go. Wow. That works. That's on that, Casey. Engaged, Devon White. What up, Jonathan? I feel that, believe me, working with them. I feel that couple of bots over there, for sure. You want a good nap. It's the place to be. Tectel, and then Hooker. Mark Andrews. Nice. Wow. 12 to 25 with the Logo Patch for the Ravens. That's cool. Spirits Watches. Jealous of that. Jealous of that. Kyler Murray to 250. Brian Brice to 50. And Dynamic. Devon Ashane for the Dolphins. Zae Flowers. Xavier Hutchinson. Kendra Miller. Xavier Hutchinson for the Texans to 100. Nice one there. Kenny McIntosh. Whoa, rookie auto for the Seahawks to 100. Nice one there. Kenny McIntosh. And Savage, Justin Tucker. CJ Stroud rookie. Jake Hainer, 7 of 75 for the Saints. Auto is going to be Josh Downes to 350, going to the Colts. And nice one here. Fusion, DK Metcalf. Very cool. Nice DK. Let me get out of the way. 250 points, ran to all at the end. Engaged, TJ Watt. Kind of agree with you, to be honest. I really don't agree with you. Out of everything so far, that's the card sticking out of my head. Fair. Mirror Gibbs. Eric Gray. Marvin Mims. And a Bryce Young to 175. There you go. Panthers, Bryce Young. All right, next box. Right now, same dude. Especially once we get the TV in here too. I'm really really going to have, because I'm off Thursday and Sunday. So I'm off Thursday, Saturday. So I'll be watching Sunday night, Monday night here. Yeah, that is kind of nice. Now you're usually on during the day on Monday, right? Oh yeah, I mean if they switched that up, yeah. True. CMC, Jumbo for the Niners. I've been straight months, nights for the past. Yeah, true. We worked on this Monday night, right? I know it. Or Monday morning. Yeah, no, I'm down with that. To 150, Jackson Smith and Jigba. I'm down with that. Patch Mahomes to 100. And dynamic, Jackson Smith and Jigba. It's more like the other way around. Oh, it's working. Yeah, I know. Oh yeah. Long days. Again, four to go. Four to go. Tijay Spears, Michael Meyer, Trey Tucker, Kenny McIntosh to 175 for the Seahawks. Larry Brown. Nice. Going to the Cowboys. Great iron grates. These are awesome. I love the checklist of this so far. And Lamar Jackson Savage. That's awesome. Stiff arm, baby. Let's go. Love that. Oh, you're going to the ground. Nick Chubb to 150. Eric Gray, Rookie Otto to 50 for the Giants. And Fusion Lamar. Lamar Jackson on the Fusion. Jalen Hyatt, Malik Willis to 250. Titans. Najee Harris, nice. 90 of 100 for the Steelers. Nice. Najee. Nice. Najee. And an engaged Rokwon Smith. There's an updated X out of here. Let's see what the actual count is. Keep going here. All right. Sam LaPorta, Joey Porter Jr., Trayvon Walker. Nice one there. Bright beginnings for the Jags. That's a pretty bad corner in the bottom right. I'm going to send that empty box and wrapper with the Jags. I mean, they haven't. Those bottom right corners have not been great on those cards, but that one is super noticeable. So we'll get you an empty box and wrapper here. Ken McKee to 100. Chase Brown to 35. And engaged. Miles Garrett, Justin Fields. Will Anderson Jr., Jackson Smith and Jigba. Dorian Thompson Robinson. Payne Durham to 175 for the Bucks. That is going to be a Miles Murphy for the Bangles Rookie Auto. Nice one there. Congrats, Sinti. And A, Chandler Jones, unforgettable. CJ Stroud. Rishi Rice, Josh Downs to 200. Clayton Tune, year one auto. Nice one there. Cardinals. Two year one autos for the Cardinals. That'll work. Congrats, Cardinals. And A, a message of Josh Allen. Points on this one again. 250. Ram to all. Fugin, Cooper Cup. Nice one there for the Rams. That one's pretty sweet too. Shorted, Tanner McKee, Jameer Gibbs, and Kirk Cousins. Kirk O'Chains, 250. Next, Bucks. Ooh, that would be cool. That would be cool. See who's on the checklist for that one. Yeah, please. Allen's on it. Yeah, no dolphin, unfortunately. Sam A, random division. Let's go, Sam. We're down to three, guys. Three to go. Thank you, Sam. We need that same first name mojo, my friend. Thanks, Sam. Three to go, everybody. Three, two, go. Mike Meyer. Sauce Gardner, bright beginnings for the Jets. A moment of God. Theamador Lenore. Forget how to say his exact name. Nice one there for the Niners on the moments. That is what Jameer Gibbs to 200. A Trevor Lawrence to 250. And engage to 50, Michael Parsons. Yeah, Trevor Lawrence, cool. Look at Mac Jones, him hitting the gritty. Jordan Addison. Daniel Connell to 150. Chase Brown, rookie auto to 350 for the Bengals. See you now if I have the football card, man. Unforgettable DJ Moore, Panthers. That's what you want. You and Fortnite hitting the gritty. Yep, gritty. Yes, man. That's there's an Anthony Richardson rookie. Kenny McIntosh to 175. Josh Wiley, rookie auto to 350 for the Titans. And engaged CJ Mosley, Johnson Jalen Carter is Dalvin Cook to 150. Marvin Mims for the Broncos, rookie auto to 350. Grats, Denver. Yeah, Dalvin is a jet now, yeah. Savage is Derek Henry. That ain't good. That comes together. All that. Not good. Not good. Not good. Not good at all. Oh yeah, absolutely. So You open your personal yet tonight or tomorrow you're gonna open it? Are you gonna record it? Josh Allen. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Like the Beacons. Yeah, that's one of their bills. Illuminosity, A.J. Brown. There you go. Donnie bringing the Eagle Mojo. Nice. Trying to think what else do we have? You've seen the Fusions yet? Yeah, I've seen those. Have you seen the moments look pretty good? The moments look really good. And then last year they looked terrible this year. Yeah, I mean look at this dude. We hit like this is a possibility. These were all in the same box. Hooker, Michael Wilson and Rishi Rice. All in the same box. Usually you only get one. Usually for a box you only get one year one. So you get three. If you're lucky, you're right. Yeah. Miles Murphy to 35. No, no far out yet, unfortunately for us. It is. Dude, the photography is crazy this year. Jalen Hyatt to 75 and Lamar Jackson Savage to 100.  How did the hypnotize not to do anymore and you just bore it? Christian Kirk, Lamar. Stetson Bennett, Rookie. Did the last box only have three packs? I don't think so, did it? Make sure. Throw a pack away, unfortunately. Or accidentally, I should say. Did it really only have three packs? I don't see that. I don't see it in any of these boxes if there would be a missing one. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. Everybody's saying the last box only have three packs. It might have, honestly. It might have only had three packs, which isn't like the most crazy thing of all time. Definitely might have only had three packs.  Sorry about that, everybody. Yeah, only three. Well, I apologize on that guys. That's weird. A.T. Perry. Brian Branch to 175. Illuminated Ink, Rondale Moore. Nice one there. 10 of 10 for the Cardinals. Show the boxes empty. Oh, that's weird. Sorry about that, everybody. And a Savage of Derek Henry. I apologize there, guys. Sorry about that. Quentin Johnson, Marvin Mims. Chase Brown. That's a Bryce Young to 200. Tink Dell. Nice one there. Two, 350 for the Texans. And a Baker Mayfield Vestige for the Buccaneers. I do a quick points random here, guys. We got two at 250s. Right, everybody. Gonna roll the dice. Whatever, two teams are on top after five times. I get the points. One, two, three, four, and five. Gonna go to the Sheeps and the Bills. The Sheeps and the Bills. Picking up the points. Two quick recap here, everybody. We've got beacons of Josh Allen. That is gonna be Sauce Gardener, Shravan Walker, Christian McCaffery, Mark Andrews' logo. That's nasty. Nick Bosa, Tink Dell. That is Rondale Moore. That's it. There's a bad corner on that Rondale, I just noticed. We'll send an empty box and wrap her with the Cardinals. Josh Wiley. That is Marvin Mims. Chase Brown. Clayton Jr. won. Miles Murphy. That's supposed to be a year one? Yeah, I guess that's supposed to be a year one, but not on a card. Nashi Harris. Eric Gray. Larry Brown. Josh Downes. Kenny McIntosh. Rishi Rice. Michael Wilson. And Hendon Hooker. That'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the filth. Coming up next, we've got number 14.


So that demolishes the values from facts argument. Now, it makes it complicated because there's an interrelationship between them, like a causal interrelationship. But it is the case that your purpose determines the facts that array themselves before you. And that's actually not disputable, I would say. No, no, no, there's a facts are. The actual facts are, I don't know how to explain it. The actual fact is that I have six books. And the actual fact is that there's a infinite, if you will, way in which to order them. And if I ordered them by E, this So the facts are all there. Where my values introduced is how I'm going to order them. But what the purpose is to order them. Or even if they're books. But no, the fact that their books are not. They might be firewood. They might be a weapon. There's lots of things they can be other than books. So this is kind of amusing to me, because the first. No, seriously, though, because the first.


No, don't open your video. I don't want to see your video. Don't open my video. Oh, I always want to see your face. I always want to see your face. Hi, I'm John Katzos. I'm Associate Professor of Business Law and Business Ethics at the American University of Sharjah School of Business Administration. What aspects of online teaching did you and your students find interesting and fun? My students love chatting with me while I'm on video and they'll send chats to me and various emojis. And that's probably more fun for them than it is for me. For me it's distracting because I'm trying to focus on one thing and they're sitting there making jokes. I normally will come in and something resembling a suit, but I get to just wear sort of a jacket and a shirt on top and I get to wear jeans. So here are my jeans, my black jeans that I get to wear, which is nice. That's been one of the better parts of it. When we shift now to being outside of the building, being from home will be interesting. I'll have to manage the kids, my kids, my actual kids, as opposed to my kids, my students, my actual kids doing their online work with us delivering our online session, which may lead to some interesting closures of doors throughout the unit. It's been really good. I think in terms of achieving learning outcomes, we're going to be doing that no matter what. It's been pretty amazing to see everybody come together in this way.


Hi Mario here, first I want to thank my patrons for support in my work. Welcome to Chaco Canyon, located in New Mexico, U.S. Chaco Canyon doesn't seem to be built with spectacular looking large megalithic stones. However, our research, by using our method, revealed exciting facts about its very ancient site. I pulled the following text from a website called legendsofamerica.com. Quote, today their descendants are members of 20 Indian tribes in New Mexico and Arizona and many maintain their connections with Chaco today. These tribes include modern day Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, the Hopi of Arizona and the Navajo. By the 1600s, the Navajo people primarily occupied the canyon. The Hopi Indians have intriguing mythology about the creation of the universe, our solar system and the earth. They also have intriguing tales about floods and catastrophes in the ancient past, events that have many similarities with the catastrophes mentioned in Genesis. We have discovered the reasons behind these catastrophes that flooded the earth, destroyed almost all life on earth. Many people who have researched the ancient structures around the world believe that a cataclysm of some sort struck our planet. Many also believe in the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, which is about a common impact somewhere around Greenland some 12,000 years ago. This impact could indeed have occurred somewhere in the ancient past, but this particular impact could never have been the cause of a worldwide cataclysm. And it is still unproven that this happened exactly 12,000 years ago. Many temperature dips over the last 100,000 years are similar to that of the Younger Dryas and these dips could not all have been caused by common impacts. These dips are caused by something else. We have written extensively about this topic on our website. The causes of major catastrophes are massive crustal deformations that cause the geographic pole to migrate. We have proven with our method that these migration patterns can be measured using orientations of ancient sites. We have dated the crustal deformation cycles and pole migrations in a probabilistic way with a certainty of 99.6%. Stone structures and that also applies to Chaco Canyon are originally and I stress the word originally much older than always assumed by mainstream science. The age of stone structures extend over a time frame of more than an astonishing 400,000 years. However, because these structures are originally so incredibly old, many renovations were done one on top of another and this has confused mainstream scientists. That is why site orientation is still the best and most reliable method to determine the age of an ancient structure. It is a method that mainstream science still hasn't discovered. Because we have collected orientation patterns of virtually all known ancient sites around the world, we can say with confidence that these patterns prove overwhelmingly what cause these massive cataclysms. After many years of hard work, we have compiled a huge database and an analysis which leaves no doubt whatsoever as to what exactly happened to the world of our ancient ancestors. We have only started our long journey of discovery that will take a long while to finish. Humanity's ancient history is deeply intertwined with that of the earth. And it is a very, very complex one. Our video about Chaco Canyon has been initially produced only for patrons. You can go to my Patreon page to support our work and to watch the full video without a long wait. My channel and my work is only supported by my patrons. Thank you for watching and I hope to welcome you to my Patreon page.


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Sean here relating sports cars doing a personal for Tatsuya. Why this one is going to be a box of stadium club compacts stadium club compacts Good luck here. Let's see. We got one auto in these compared to two from the hobby Corey Lee Baty, there's a Ryan Mountcastle a red for Brandon Rogers Herman Munson, Vladdy. He went to Lake Mary local kid Treet Scoobl and Crawford and Johnny Bench Got a rookie black foil of Oscar Coloss John Carlo and you Darvish my trout Kershaw, there's Carlton Fisk and Julio on the fantasy fantasy probes Saiyung Shane, there's Mookie. You know what the heck? Say Oscar George Kirby. There's a Jake DeGrom red foil Rangers Walner, Padoogo and Jordan Rochens only rookie purple the 75 Rochens for the Mollins Oh Jackson, there's an Adley base rookie. What the heck? I need to kick somebody out A little too drunk There's an Oscar Colossal red foil rookie and we have an auto. It's gonna be a Ryan Nelson rookie auto for the D-backs Ryan Nelson, I don't know Tristan Kossus Brady Singer, there is J-Ram on the virtuosos of Velocity Hayden Wozneski and someone might be like it was someone on the ground maybe there We're all looking down. There's a JP Crawford and on the back. We have a Joey Vada on the red foil for the Reds Cedric Mollins and Jack Flaherty All righty there that'll do it for the one box of stadium club compacts. Appreciate you Tatsuya. Get that right out to ya


Y'all know this is a game that I've been waiting for for a really long time. When this game first came out on a schedule, when it was announced that the Ravens would play the Dolphins, even though we knew that after the season ended, I was just wondering, is this gonna be a home game or an away game for the Ravens? And I should've really been asking the question, is this gonna be a home game or an away game for the Dolphins? Because the Ravens on their schedule this year, they have 10 home games and seven away games. And NFL, it is not fair. It's not fair, but trust me, I'm not complaining. Because this game right here, this is a home game for the Florida Ravens. And it should be a lot of fun. Team Keeping Clean, we're in section 118 tonight. We're in section 118, so if y'all wanna come through, say what's up to the vlog, you're more than welcome. As far as tailgating, not sure what's gonna go down with that because it's supposed to be raining. Now hopefully the forecast ends up being wrong. But it's supposed to be raining tonight, like throughout the entirety of the game. But again, hopefully that ends up being completely wrong and it's just a nice, perfect weather under the lights, prime time, and it's good to go. But anyway, as far as tailgating, if you got any suggestions, if you got anything that you're doing, just let me know. Send me a DM on Twitter or Instagram or something like that. And if you don't have either one or the two, you can just send me an email or something. But let me know, because I'm not sure what we doing for tailgating yet, but we do plan on trying to get there early. So, as far as the game, every game is like a big game for the Ravens. And even though the Dolphins are like, I think two and seven, something like that, this is a trap game and the Ravens cannot fall for the trap. They can't, they cannot fall for the trap. And under Lamar Jackson, the Ravens have done a pretty good job of avoiding walking into the traps. So do have confidence in them there. Now, one thing that the Ravens need to do, they gotta get off to a fast start. Those slow starts that they've been having, not tonight, not tonight, because it's just, it's so much pressure on the Dolphins because if they even wanna think about being in contention, they have to pretty much, the rest of the season has to go perfectly for them. Now, while we don't expect that to happen, and I'm sure they don't expect that to happen, and we don't say that in a disrespectful way, the Dolphins, if they wanna be in a thick of things toward the end of the season, I mean, they got a lot of games left. They got, what, 10 games left, something like that.   And Ravens, that's why they need to start off fast and they need to finish fast. They need to score often and early, and it needs to be touchdowns. Now, one thing with Lamar Jackson in this game, and this is gonna be the first time he has something that he hasn't had all year long, and that is every single one of his wide receivers. Sammy Watkins, he should be back. Hollywood, he should be good with his back. And then you got Rashad Bateman, AKA the man that's a bat. Tried to like throwing a little ball here, Bateman, Batman, y'all. Anyway, he should have all those guys.  You got the whole gang tonight as far as your pass catchers. So this should be, Lamar should have his options. He should have his options. It's so important in this game for Lamar, I think to the Ravens to have an underneath passing game, cause that's something that they just really haven't had consistently all year. We talked about this after the last game with the Ravens, it seems like they are an all or nothing type of passing game. Where they go for either the intermediate shot or the deep shot, but underneath it's like, I don't know, ain't worried about that. And that's on Lamar, that's on G-Rod too. That's on both of them to make sure they have some underneath options. With the running game, this will be a nice game to just keep it going, keep it going. Devonte Freeman, let him get a hot hand, leave him on bail, let that guy just continue getting more and more comfortable in this system. Both of those guys, let them continue getting comfortable. With Tyson Williams, I would love it. Even though, even if this was the case, they probably still wouldn't give him the ball. But I would love it if Tyson Williams got a bunch of carries in the fourth quarter, because that would mean that the Ravens, they blew this thing out the water. But with these Ravens, these 2021 Ravens, it's like this would be a game where you would expect that, right? Going against these dolphins with a bad record, they only got two wins. And Ravens, even though they've been struggling, they got a lot of injuries and they've been having a lot of close crazy games, they're six and two. So you would think, like, all right, man, these Ravens, they about to blow these boys out.  And then they end up having a nail bite or something like that. So I don't even know what to expect tonight from these Ravens. I mean, you don't even know what to expect tonight from these Ravens because Ravens just, again, they do the unexpected. But like I said, it's important that they start off hot right away. Try to get into a rhythm early on and not wait until the second quarter, we're not waiting until the second half to pick things up. Again, because these dolphins, right now, they don't, while they do technically have something to play for because the season's not over, they know like, again, the expectations are low. If they lose, then it'll be like, okay, we lost another game. What did you expect? So, and especially with everybody expecting them to lose, we do not want a Jaguars-Bills type of situation and we don't need that. We don't want a Giants and Raiders type of situation and we don't need that. We've seen so much craziness happen over the course of this season and really just over the course of this last week. We don't need a Jets and Bengals situation to happen. So that's why it's important that you bring your A game every game and in this game, it would it be in a prime time matchup? That's when your stars shine the brightest in prime time. So it's time for playmakers to make plays.  This is actually, well, not been to a night game before or that was the Titans and Ravens Playoffs game on Saturday night and that didn't go so well. But anyway, this will be my first Thursday night game and man, I saw so many Ravens fans that are flying down for this game, like so many, so many. And I'm like, okay, hey, y'all come through, come through. I'm with it. I loved it. I'm like, okay, coming from Atlanta, coming from, of course, coming from Maryland, coming from BWI, flying in from BWI and whatnot. Some coming from London, coming from overseas and what? It's crazy. Like Ravens fans, I know Ravens fans travel. I know they do, but when they come to them traveling to Miami, it's like, they just seem like it's on a whole nother level. Cause I know everybody always looking for excuses to come down to Miami. Like who don't wanna come down to Florida? Who don't wanna come down to Florida? So I ain't mad at y'all at all. Now let's talk about the defense. Defense, it's scheduled. The forecast is calling for rain. Again, hopefully the forecast is wrong, but the forecast is calling for rain. So if it's raining, then that makes players slippery and tackling, it makes it that much harder.  Say for instance, they run it. It's like a three yard game. You stop them after three yards, but if you don't make that tackle, they slip through your hands and then you don't make the tackle that three yard game could turn into eight or nine, or even 20, and that's just something that you can't afford. You can't, and this is why it's important to tackle early and often because if you do that and your offense scores on top of that, you start dictating the way that the game goes.  We want them to be able to call the shots. We want them to be able to control the way that this game goes. We want them to be like, all right, we wanna run this play. So let's run. All right, we wanna pass this play. So let's pass. All right, you know what dolphins, they down big so they gotta try to pass to come back. All right, pass rushes, go eat. Yeah, we'll send a little extra rush or two on this play.  So we'll see how that goes. With the Blitz, whether it's Jacoby Brissette, whether it's Tua, just with the Blitz, just Blitz in a smart way. We know Wink is obviously a very smart person. He's a defensive corner. I mean, if you're coaching the NFL league, you guys to be smart.  But let's just recognize, I just want him to recognize if a guy is struggling and they don't, they're not gonna have the Vante Parker. They're not gonna have Will Fuller. I'm not sure if they're, I don't know what's going on Preston Williams. I don't know if he's playing or not, but they are down their top guys. They still got Jalen Waddle though. So them safeties better be ready. Cause you know, again, dolphins, they gonna try it. They're gonna try it because they got nothing to lose. So they gonna try it. I expect, like look at the Vikings last week. Remember they went forward on, they did the fake punt. They did, right before halftime, they did the fake kneel. And that's a three and 14. They were three and four. Now you're going up against a team that, what are they, I think they two and five. I think I said two and seven early. I think they two and five. They two and something. Whatever their record is, they only won two games and they lost the rest of them. We know they had some close ones. So it ain't like they've been just getting dog walked. No, they've been in a lot of their games. But it's just important that, cause like I said, they gonna bring it. Like again, the Vikings three and four, they were trying all type of crazy stuff. Imagine what a team with only two wins would do. Just imagine, like, and then with the world watching, again with the world watching, low expectations. Hey, dolphins probably telling each other, let's go put it all out there. Put it all out there. We don't care about the outcome, whatever happens happens, but let's put it all out there. Let's take it to these Ravens. When lose a draw, we gonna bring it to them. And because you know they want to, you know they want to. So it's very important that the Ravens again, they do not fall for the trap. Don't fall for the bait, be on point, wrap up, catch the ball, run effectively, just get it man, get after it. So this should be a really fun game. Again, I expect the Ravens fans to be extra loud, like they always are, y'all already know what time it is. I do not expect to have my voice when I talk to y'all tomorrow. We'll see how that goes. But again, if you wanna follow along, see what's going on, you can follow on Instagram. Should we be posting plenty of stories tonight? Should be a fun one. And again, like I said, we in section 118 with it.  I love y'all, Team Keeper Clean. I appreciate y'all looking forward to seeing everybody tonight. And like I said earlier, if you got any ideas as far as tailgating or whatnot, what you gonna be doing, if you got some good ideas for it, let me know. You send me a DM on Instagram or Twitter. And if you don't have either one or the two, you can send me an email. I love y'all, see you tonight. We out.


For ages upon ages the sun burned down upon this place, this unplanned Eden, this spawning ground for time. Mark the richness here, the lush fruit of sun and rain, of microscopic nourishment, and the bounty that the long dead pay to living things. So it must have looked in the beginning, in the morning of the world, so it must have looked to the first man who wandered into this place, the taste of this bounty of the sun to give it all a meaning and a name. The National Broadcasting Company in cooperation with the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation presents Bounty of the Sun, the story of the citrus industry in Florida, and of a 20th century discovery of a fountain of youth. This is the fifth in the series, Heritage Over the Land, documenting what we believe to be one of the most remarkable developments of our time, the rebirth of the American South. A short time ago Henry Cassidy, a distinguished foreign correspondent, led an NBC documentary team into what was for him a new and undiscovered land, the hills, the plains, the twisting roads that stretch below the straggling line of Mason and Dixon. Here with his fifth report on this modern odyssey is Mr. Cassidy. When the ill-fortuned Ponce de Leon first ventured ashore on the coast of Florida, he was seeking, so they tell us, the fountain of eternal youth. The Indians had told him that somewhere in the jungle, there lay a magic spring, a thing of clear bubbling water, where whosoever drank would know eternal youth. The poor deluded conquistador wandered the length and breadth of this land, drank of a hundred springs and brooks, but he died, one fancies with some resentment at a respectable old age. Across the centuries, we should like to advise him that while his search was an impossible undertaking, he was considerably closer to success than he could have dreamed. Oh, I'm an old man, and I just loathe. I played golf until I was 75 years old, and then I stopped. Then what do you do? You sit and talk to the people in the lobby? Yes, and read. I would think that you, Mr. Means, as one of the first tourists ever to come to Florida has seen as much as anybody has. We came to Lakeland practically every time we came to Florida because my wife had an uncle that lived here, and he was postmaster and lived to be 96 years old. And that is Florida, or part of it, this year of grace 1954. The fountain of youth that the old Ponce de Leon searched for has kept it secret, but there is other magic here, the magic of sun and wind and long white beaches, and on the level lands that stretch away toward the interior, a wizardry that the ancient ones would not have dared to dream. When the story of American industry comes to be written, there will have to be a chapter somewhere on this development, the process whereby fruit juices are concentrated and shipped, fresh as the moment the liquid was squeezed from the fruit to markets a continent or more away. It's within the memory of men still living when an orange or any citrus fruit was to those in the north at least a rare delicacy. Refrigeration changed that for some, but the price was high, too high for many, and in thousands of homes the juice of citrus was unknown. Then suddenly it seems a new development frozen concentrates. It was to bring changes in thousands of homes across the land, changes too for the miles upon miles of citrus groves, and strangely enough for the newly born cattle industry in Florida. Well, like so many stories, it really goes back quite a little way. I believe the first citrus juices to be concentrated were concentrated in Italy before 1900, and it was concentrated by freezing. That is, the juice was allowed to freeze into a cake of ice, and the ice was then separated from the sugars and acids which were soluble in the water. The northerners, I don't know whether they still do it, but used to make applejack in Jersey, and they'd take a barrel of hard cider and put it out in the back in the winter day, and the water would freeze out of it and leave a core of alcohol in the middle which they would dip out. I have heard they're still doing that, doctor. I say, well, applied to citrus, you get a concentrated product that way. This is L. G. McDowell, Research Director of the Florida Citrus Commission at Lakeland, Florida. Here, for me at least, the story began. A story we would follow across the length and breadth of this state. A story whose ending is not yet in sight. More recently, however, the orange juice was concentrated by evaporation of water from the juice by boiling. Now, as you know, water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. However, if you boil orange juice at this temperature, you would get a cooked taste. A lot of work the last few years has been on the reduction of the temperature at which this boiling takes place. Now to do that, you have to lower the pressure above the boiling juice. So at the present time, the water is boiled off of the juice at temperatures of about 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The gimmick in this frozen concentrated orange juice was the idea of carrying our concentration past our normal stopping point and then adding freshly extracted orange juice to the concentrated juice to dilute it to the final concentration that we wanted and then freezing the mixture. And that was successful in adding the bouquet back to the concentrate. In the beginning, the water was removed by freezing. Now, the technique is through vapor, through steam, which is water in the vapor phase. The resultant product is then frozen merely to preserve it. Now, Dr. McDowell, what has been your part in this development? Florida Secretary's Commission was working under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Winterhaven, Florida. Under that agreement, we had several research workers working along these general lines. It so happened that it fell to my lot to think of this gimmick of adding back the orange juice to give the fresh flavor to the concentrated product. However, I'd like to make clear that there were two other workers involved in the process who did all the actual work. And Dr. Valhize, who you're going to talk to later, was in on the scene very intimately, too. Dr. McDowell, what's the birthday of this gimmick of yours? It was in April of 1944. Actual commercial production started in the season of 1945-46. Ordinarily, it would take longer than that, I suppose, to have some new industrial device put into production. Well, in the chemical industry, they usually say that it takes about seven years from test tube to the first consumer sale. In this instance, that was compressed to about two years' time. Well, then that, Dr. McDowell, would indicate that the citrus industry grasped immediately the importance of your development. Yes, I think that is true. It's a commonplace that huge things often have a small and modest beginning. So it was with this process whereby juices are caught at the moment of their perfection and trapped in ice, even as the creatures of prehistoric times are preserved lifelike in the glaciers of the north. Listen to the story of a laboratory report of penciled outline. At the time that the frozen orange concentrate research was done, a cooperative agreement was in existence between the Department of Agriculture and the Florida Citrus Commission. Under this agreement, there were several research fellows working at the laboratory in Winterhaven under the direction of Dr. McDowell and myself. Now, this to me, Dr. Velthice, is a dramatic thing. What did it look like in the days when you were working at it? After work began on this project, it was only a very short time until the possibilities were quite evident. As Dr. McDowell has indicated, he forwarded a penciled outline to the laboratory in April of 1944, which had in it several ideas. Among them, substantially, the ideas are now incorporated into frozen orange concentrate. Juice was obtained on a small scale in the laboratory by hand reaming and processed into concentrate in substantially laboratory equipment, and the concentrate had excellent flavor. Dr. Matt Velthice, in charge of the Citrus product station of the United States Department of Agriculture at Winterhaven, Florida. I asked what changes this new process had brought to these lands? Well, I believe that the industry has increased in volume approximately a third. The production now is in the order of 65 million boxes a year of oranges. Well, Dr. Velthice, here in the development of concentrated orange juice, you've had cooperation between a state commission on which Dr. McDowell serves and a federal station of which you are in charge. Could you tell us how did that come about? Oh, it came about very simply. The Florida Citrus Commission had recently established a research organization and had funds to invest in citrus research. At Winterhaven, we had facilities. The organization and building existed and there was room for these men to go to work there. When it's possible for two organizations to get together like that, why benefits can frequently accrue to both organizations. Then carrying it one step farther, Dr. Velthice, here you have cooperation between state and federal governments and their stations and agencies. How does it then apply to private industry? In laboratories such as ours, state or federal, in which public funds are involved, the information is made available to the people that can use it as rapidly as possible. Sometimes it is by publication, but in this case it passed by word of mouth. People from the industry visit the laboratory, how many instances, to discuss their problems with the technical experts who were stationed there. And in this particular case, that is the way the information was passed along. And I take it private industry was quick to grab it. Oh yes, they were. While Dr. Velthice was talking, there came to me a conversation I had several weeks before with a cattle man in Bartow, Florida. L.S. Harris, speaking of one of the most revolutionary developments in the cattle industry since Gene Autry, the use of citrus pulp as feed. Most of your feed books don't recommend citrus pulp, but we have been feeding citrus pulp dehydrated for about 10 years. We feed even our show cattle gets a 50% ration of dehydrated citrus pulp, which we find as for the health of less disease and less sickness amongst cattle. In 1920, the production was about 15 million boxes. Last year, it was almost 120 million boxes, so that's doubling every 10 years practically. And new developments in the industry. It's been everything except static. Well, what would that land have been in before? Oh, it was undeveloped land. Today, the acreage is around 438,000. Well, that was 1950-51, and 62,000 was non-bearing. We've been planting new acreage at the rate of about 15,500 acres a year. Some people estimate that by 1955, it'll approach a half a million acres. That was Robert Evans, General Manager of the Florida Citrus Commission. Production doubling every 10 years is already there planning for the time when there will be half a million acres. That's big business. Compare it with tobacco in Virginia or North Carolina. Compare it with cotton acreage in Georgia, and it's still big. I remember one day walking through a grove on the outskirts of Winterhaven, Florida. With me was Mr. Tom Swan, the owner of these acres that stretch like some orange colored sea beyond the horizon. The sun beat down with a harsh benediction until it seemed you could almost hear the growing things. We have about 1,600 acres. A portion of it is young grove, and I was told about 350,000 boxes. What would the value of that be roughly, Mr. Swan? This year it's perhaps worth twice as much as it was last year on the tree just about. How long have you had your groves, Mr. Swan? The grove, one grove, my father bought in 1908. That was the beginning. But how did the groves expand from there to this? Binding land, carrying it, setting, growing the trees, setting young groves. And are you still expanding? And we're still slowly. About 50, 60 acres a year. That's a real steady growth. Mr. Swan, do you have anything to do with this concentrated orange juice that they're telling us about down here? I am president of a cooperative organization which has a manufacturing plant. They make frozen concentrated orange juice. In addition to growing, you're also participating in the manufacture of concentrated orange juice? That is correct. Well, how did that come to you, Mr. Swan? Well, it happened that I was on the factory chairman's commission at the time the development took place. I hired Dr. McDowell, and he did the research. Then here you have a complete chain of events. You men orange growers stimulated through your commission the research that led to actual creation of concentrated orange juice. Then it came back into your hands, and you men who grow the oranges also operate the manufacturing plants for the concentrate. That's right. I must say that it's a modern miracle. Even miracles are compounded of planning, hard work, and for a first-class miracle, a dash of two of inspiration. Mr. Swan had spoken of the Citrus Commission, but like the seeming ease of a magician who produces a bunch of flowers from the empty air, hours of labor precede the easy manner and the nonchalant way. It was one of many growers who took some small part in creating the commission. We arrived at these various critical periods in our Citrus life, and we had arrived at one then, something had to be done. Citrus was selling at such a low price that the producer was hardly getting cost of production. So we banded together and went to the legislature, and the move was backed by most of the growers of the state of Florida, asked the legislature to impose a tax on the growers to produce revenue to set up the Florida Citrus Commission. Mr. Evans, now general manager of the commission, took up the story. They went to the legislature and prevailed upon the legislature to pass the Florida Citrus Commission Act. Under this Act, there is a commission of 11 Citrus growers who administer the program. These men are appointed by the governor for two-year terms, and they serve without salaries. Although we are a state agency, it is operated largely the same as a private organization so far as actual operations are concerned. The primary objective of the commission is to improve the welfare of Florida Citrus Gores. In setting up this Act, it provided that the commission would carry on work on advertising and promotion of Florida Citrus fruit and on research. Mr. Evans, all of this work that you're doing takes money. Where does the money come from? When they thought that this program was needed in 1935, the Florida Citrus Gores, the group representing most of the industry, got together and decided that they needed this program, and the only way to put it into effect would be through an act of the legislature under which all growers would pay a part of the cost. So they went to the legislature and prevailed upon them to pass the Citrus Commission Act, which provides for an excise tax on each box of citrus fruit is produced. And how much does the tax amount to? It's approaching a total of four million dollars a year now. Actually, on each box of fruit, it's three cents a box on oranges and four cents on grapefruit and five cents on tangerines and limes. So this is a really rare case where a group of farmers has asked for a tax to be imposed on themselves. That is correct. Listen to this voice. Robert Rutledge, General Manager of the Florida Citrus Mutual. From 1930 to 1940, the citrus crop doubled. And then from 1940 to 1950, the crop doubled again and brings us up to over the 100 million box mark. We at all times try to send the very best quality to the markets, especially since Texas had their freeze several years ago. They had a freeze there that knocked out about 85 to 90 percent of their producing groves. And since then, while we have tried to supply the markets that they used to supply in the Southwest and the Midwest, to give you an idea of the bigness of the situation, as far as concentrate is concerned, they will utilize 36 million boxes of fruit this year in making the 46 to 47 and a half million gallons that will serve the consumers throughout the United States. It has, in many ways, made our price pattern a little more erratic than it used to be. But at the beginning of Concentrate, the prices were good. And then we go into another season, prices are not so good. This season, prices, as far as the grower is concerned, are good and give everybody a reasonable profit. And as well, it makes a retail seller that really moves the fruit into the consumer pattern. Bob, you fellas seem to have names for everything down here. I understand that Lakeland is called the World Citrus Center or something. Yes, that's right. Have you got a name for this concentrated orange juice? Indeed we have. We call it the Cinderella product of the industry and it's based on this fact that about two seasons prior to the really coming in of Concentrate, as far as the growers were concerned, prices were not too good. So Concentrate came along at a time where it strengthened the grower price considerably and it got the name of a Cinderella product. You've established then that concentrated orange juice is feminine. Well, in a way, yes. But you might by that inference point to consumption, frozen Concentrate orange juice is the largest seller of frozen foods. In fact, it is larger than all the rest combined of the frozen food line and at no time in the frozen food history of the business has a product grown so fast. Bob, I was interested in what you were saying about fluctuation of prices. Why is it, even with this new development, that you should have such wide variations in price? Well, a price, as you well know, is very much attached to the supply and demand conditions of the country, the amount of money that's available for food products throughout the country. In other words, the consumer expendable income and a lot of other related facts. And each year we're dealing with a different set of facts, so each year we're dealing with different pricing conditions. So as a result, we do get different prices. Well, is it a good business to be in? It's an excellent business to be in over the average. Over the years, it's a very, very good business. Well, there's one point that I would like to underline. And that is that frozen concentrated orange juice is essentially fresh orange juice from which water has been removed and is then frozen to maintain its quality. It's not pasteurized and unless it remains in the frozen state, that is at about zero degrees Fahrenheit, it will rapidly lose its qualities. As is certainly right, Mac, frozen orange concentrate must be kept at zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. And at temperatures above zero, deterioration will set in and eventually the product will meet consumer resistance. I think we ought to bring out again the fact that the product is shipped to the market, mechanically refrigerated rail cars and mechanically refrigerated trucks at zero degrees. And that we want to impress on all of the wholesalers and the retail storekeepers and the housewife herself to not break that chain of preservation of the product and to keep it at zero. That is frozen solid until she wants to consume it. Drs. LG McDowell and Matt Veldhuis, their voices were the voices of many. Long after I had returned to the north, these and other voices echoed in my memory, came back with the rhythm and power of some yet to be written epic poem. I hired the only horse who was and every mule I wrote down to this section where I now live. This was a pineapple plantation where our house is now at West Palm Beach. I inquired what the name and the place and he says this ain't no place, it's just where folks should stay. But this state, this place of sun and wind and the long surf that rolls up from the warm seas of the south has other products. Edward Blackwell, more than 100 years old, a seeker like old Ponce de Leon of the Fountain of Youth, whose eyes have looked long upon this land and found it good. I was born in Buffalo, New York on September 23, 1852, and I have my father's diary and in writing recorded, boy born about nine o'clock this morning. Now a man who has lived a hundred years and who has known the south since 1878 is certainly one that I could ask, what do you think the south is going to do from here on? It's going to still grow and improve. And so he found his fountain of youth are almost so. The distribution of age groups in the state is very interesting. There are over 278,000 people in the state at the present time over ages 65. And also there's a very rapidly growing younger group in the so-called elementary school area. This leaves a great, not exactly a void, but a very much lower percentage of people in the middle age groups in this state than you'd find in most. Dr. Russell S. Poor, a man with a big title and a big job, he's chairman of the University Relations Department of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Physics and director of the Medical Center Study in Florida. One of his duties is to analyze population trends in the state. Look closely on your charts, Dr. Poor, and tell us, what have you seen? Florida is growing at a very much more rapid rate than any other southern state. As a matter of fact, perhaps only two other states in the Union are growing at the rate. We predict that there'll be a conservative, lay four million people in the state by 1960. How many are there now?  So we expect another quarter. Well, Dr. Poor, what about longevity? If I came down here to Florida to live instead of working in New York, how long would I live? I'm not sure that longevity has been classified strictly by states and I'm not sure I'm a good subject either, but perhaps you could take some more typical example. Of course, longevity in the last 10 years has increased tremendously, as you know, so that average age expectancy is somewhere around 68 in contrast to its something like 12 to 15 years less than that 10 years ago. Of course, we feel that the sunshine of Florida is conducive to this kind of thing. Consequently, in our planning, we have thought of our project here as the planning for a health center with the emphasis being upon prevention, rather than upon the treatment of disease. But somehow statistics, charts, lines on a drawing board can never tell the whole story.  Could I ask your name? Mrs. Catherine Ricker. And where do you come from Mrs. Ricker? Pakistan, PA. Pennsylvania. As you can imagine, one of the things that has struck us most in looking around the South here is seeing so many retired folks who are living down here. And since you come from Pennsylvania, I suppose you're one of those, are you? I just come for the winter months. Oh, you come every winter? Every winter, for eight years. But every year, there's so many, many people from the North stay here. Well, Mrs. Ricker, what brought you first to Florida? Weather. The weather? Yes. Get away from the snow and ice. Yeah, well, that's a laudable ambition, I must say. Tell me, Mrs. Ricker, how do you spend your day? Well, I walk around the lake and I read some, and I, there's always someone to talk to down in the lobby. And how about evenings?  We play cards every night. Are they other people from the North? Oh, from all over. Chiefly from the Midwest. They come from Michigan and Wisconsin and Ohio, Kentucky, down through there. Well, Mrs. Ricker, you say that you meet a lot of folks in the lobby of the hotel. What kind of folks? Most all retired. They're all old people, older people. And what would they have been doing before they retired, most of them? What kind of business were they in? Some of them are doctors, some of them are dentists, and they're businessmen. And you get to know them well down here. Oh, very good. We're just like a family. This, then, was the land that we saw, this unplanned Eden spawning ground for time. Now host to those who have learned to laugh at time. Ponce de Leon sought miracles here, but we later voyages found the miracle. It was we who drank of liquids that defy the crawling hours, the days, the years. You came too soon, Senor de Leon. The miracle you thought was not yet come. It was for us to catch the dream and the fulfillment to find the bounty of the sun. You've been listening to Bounty of the Sun, the fifth in a series of documentary programs on the New South. These programs are written and directed by William Allen Bales, produced by Miss Lee F. Payton, and brought to you in cooperation with the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Next week, the truly incredible story of the growth of big industry in the South, and the bonds that had to be broken with a long, dead past.


Can you see my slide? Yes, I can. Okay, great. So thank you Ravi for a nice introduction and of course many thanks to the organizers for giving me opportunity to present a part of my work on this meeting and I wish a good day to all of you. So I will briefly present you actually quite recent work from our group on Rudjer Boszkowicz Institute. It's actually a part of my PhD research conducted under supervision of Nadja Doshlic and with our collaborators, Professor Piero De Cleva, Professor Wolfgang Donke and Maxim Gelin. Okay, so the idea of a work was, so to say, to formulate a theoretical framework for simulation and assignment of time-resolved photoelectron spectra or shortly called Terpes or PRPES, but I will pronounce it in a Slavic form, so to say, so Terpes, it's a little bit shorter. And of course later we want to apply this framework to simulate some realistic Terpes spectra of some realistic photochemical processes. Here I will present you only one molecule, which we studied in this way. It's a pyrozin molecule, which you can see here. I believe many of you are quite familiar with photochemistry of PyPystar excited pyrozin, although it's not strictly speaking biological molecule, but it's a prototypical molecule for many other photoinduced processes in biological system. So its photochemistry is well-studied in the literature, and it has been monitored experimentally by Terpes method, by Professor Suzuki and his co-workers, which I will show you later. And here you can see the Terpes spectrum of PyPystar excited pyrozin, and later I will show you our simulation of, and designation of, sorry, of this Terpes spectrum. As you can see, usually in the Terpes you don't get fully vibrationally resolved spectrum due to the relatively poor resolution, so you basically basically just see the shape of each electronic band. But however, it's usually sufficient to understand the photochemistry of a molecule, which you are studying it. So we actually don't want to formulate a fully quantum mechanical approach for simulating these spectra, but rather a mixed quantum classical approach, which will be much easier to apply and to evaluate the expressions, which will arise. But it will still maintain the most important features of our time-resolved spectrum. Okay, before that, just briefly about the Terpes method in general. So it is usually performed to study photoinduced processes as a pump probe technique. So you initiate your process by excitation by the first pulse, which is called pump, and then you let your process evolve for some time, and then with some delay time with respect to the pump, you ionize your system with a second laser pulse called probe. And what you measure here is the relative amount of ionized electrons having different kinetic energies. Of course, kinetic energies are directly related to ionization energies of your molecule, which on the other hand depend of of an initially populated state of your molecule in that time during your reaction. And so in this way, you can obtain the information about the mechanism of your photochemical process. Okay, so how to simulate these kinds of spectra? You can derive the expression for pump probe signal in quantum mechanical manner from many different approaches. But as I said here, we want to go to the classical limit of this expression. So we want to formulate mixed quantum classical approach. And the most convenient quantum approach for taking classical limit is so-called doorway window formalism, which was introduced quite some years ago. But relatively recently, this year, it was for the first time being applied in a classical limit, taking account of all important sources of a signal in the pump probe experiment by Gelin and Donke and others. And it was actually applied on the transient absorption pump probe spectroscopy. So here, we just extend this formalism for the terpes as a pump probe technique. It's not strictly speaking the same formalism because in terpes, you don't measure the transmitted probe radiation as you do in transient absorption spectroscopy, but rather pot electrons. But I will not go into details. All in all, the final expression looks like this. Actually, this is only one term corresponding to excited state absorption contribution to the pump probe signal. Here we lack ground state bleach signal, which can be accounted also, but here for the sake of simplicity, we neglected it. Okay, so the excited state absorption is calculated as a product of two functions. So it's a doorway and window function. And we have to average this product along all nuclear phase space and all excited states, which can be reached by our pump pulse. Okay, so this expression is in practice, of course, evaluated by important sampling technique. So the first step to evaluate the terpesi density is to perform doorway sampling. So this is doorway function. It describes the interaction with the pump pulse. Actually, it gives you the probability that pump pulse will excite some certain classical points from nuclear phase space QP to some excited state I. So we have ground state regular distribution, oscillator strength of that excited state. And here we have a pump spectrum, pump intensity evaluated at the excitation energy. So in this approach, we actually account for specific shapes of our pump, and as you will see later, probe pulses in the in the pump probe experiment. Okay, then after you sampled your classical points, you need to propagate them in the excited state manifolds. You can do it in many different ways. The most obvious way is surface hopping dynamics in which you propagate your classical points on adiabatic surfaces, but you allow your molecule to change the currently populated state in a time in each propagation time step. After you have your trajectory is done, you have to evaluate the window functions along each of trajectories. The window function actually describes the probability that the probe will detect your classical trajectory. So it's actually for the case of terpesses of pump probe spectroscopy, it's given by partial photo ionization cross section weighted again by the probe intensity on transition energy here. It's a little bit tricky how to calculate partial photo ionization cross sections. They can be extracted from the transition dipole moments between so called Dyson orbitals for certain ionization channel and so called continuum orbitals. Dyson orbitals are pretty much, I believe familiar quantities in photo electron spectroscopy, but the continuum orbitals are much, much higher, much complicated to calculate. They can be calculated again in many, many ways here we applied maybe one of the most accurate ways for treating the photo ionization continuum B-spline static exchange DFT approach. Okay, so basically this is this is the theoretical putting on which we are working. So the final expression is relatively simple I would say. So it resembles to the nuclear ensemble approach which is often used to simulate one-dimensional ordinary so to say absorption spectra, but it has to be applied on each time step along surface hopping trajectories while you account for specific pump and probe shapes in the frequency in the energy domain. And here we come to the main drawback of this approach. Due to the sum approximations we applied we actually lost the information about temporal shapes of our pump and probe pulses. But however it appears that this information can be reconstructed as shown by Bonacic Kutecki and Mitrich simply by convoluting your so to say pure doorway window signal with pump probe cross correlation function which looks like this if you assume if you assume the Gaussian shape of your pulses. Okay, so now we have everything and we just need to evaluate all of these expressions and for Pyrozin case it looks like this. So this is experimental terpes of Pyrozin as I said recorded by Professor Suzuki and these are our two simulations so we have pure doorway window simulation in which as you can see we don't get any signal for negative delay time because we don't have temporal shapes of our pump and probe pulses included and this is temporal convolution doorway window simulation as you can see now we have some non-zero intensity for negative delay time times the same as in the in the experiment. Okay so all in all as you can see the agreement is I would say pretty good so we have all bands properly simulated in the terms of energy position this we probably owe to the accurate treatment of bound neutral and cationic states here we employed Caspiti True treatment. We also have accurate description of dynamics of each band for example this decaying band we see that its dynamics is relatively accurately described so it's again due to the accurate treatment of non-adiabatic dynamics which surface hopping appears to be in this in this context. The intensities relative intensities are also relatively accurately described apart from this band here we don't get this bright signal here but as you can see this is extremely low photoelectron kinetic energy value so these photoelectrons are quite slow and they are continuum orbitals they are not easily calculated especially not by static exchange DFT approach which actually breaks for for such slow photoelectrons. I will not go into details here regarding the things which we learned about the pyrozin photochemistry from these simulations I would rather refer you to our publication regarding this work but what I want to share with you next is automatic way how to assign this spectrum so when you have a spectrum you want to assign it in the terms of electronic state to understand the photochemical process which you are which you are investigating. In the case of time result petroscopy it's it's inconvenient to do it by hand by examining your molecular orbitals and CI coefficients because you have quite a lot of trajectories and quite a lot of time steps so you have quite a lot of geometries in which you should visualize your orbitals and and examine CI coefficients so we tried to formulate so to say automatic assignment procedure which is based on diabetization so we'll calculate a component of TRPES arising from a single ionization channel in diabetic basis not adiabatic because we are usually interested in the assignment in the terms of diabetic states the states which maintain their their electronic character as the geometry of molecule changes and we obtain window function for this type of diabetic signal so to say simply by waiting the overall window function by the matrix element of adiabatic to diabetic transition matrices for neutral and cationic bound states. In practice it looks like this so this is the doorway window simulation of TRPES of a pyrazine which breaks down to the components arising from ionization of three different states of neutral pyrazine so we have B3U, AU and B2U states you we can also decompose it according to ket ionic to the character of final ket ionic state and we can decompose it according to both so we we get sort of sort of matrix of spectral components and now we immediately know that I don't know for example this this band here on approximately four electron volts of kinetic energy that in the early times it originates from the ionization of B2U by pi star state but in the later times it originates from ionization of these two and pi star states B3U and AU okay so I believe this is more or less all I wanted I wanted to share with you so I will just briefly summarize so here we formulated a simple mixed quantum classical approach to simulate TRPES spectra and it yielded quite accurate simulation of valence ionization TRPES for the pyrazine case however it has to be combined with accurate treatment of bound electronic states as I said here we employed multi-reference treatment a single reference would also here do the job but however it should it should be highly correlated single reference method like coupled blaster with with triplets and and and so on and you also need an accurate treatment of projections which you can obtain by static exchange DFT approach and also we formulate a simple automatic assignment procedure for these kinds of spectra which is based on diabetization all you have to do is perform diabetization along your surface hopping trajectories and you you get your time results electronic in this case photoelectron spectrum immediately assigned in the terms of of electronic diabetic states this can actually be applied on any other case of electronic time result spectroscopy like transient absorption or any any other okay for the end I would like to thank to the funding so creation science foundation and Isabella cluster and of course to to all of you for your kind attention thank you very much so thank you Thomas love so we have time for a few questions so far I do not see raised hands overall so I had a couple of questions actually with regards to your doorway window formalism so so how do you you know so how do you describe your uh pulse shifts here the epsilon squares that you have are the delta functions are the Gaussins okay here here we employed we assume the Gaussian shape of of the pulses as noted in the experimental work of Suzuki and in this in this work here actually the pulses the pump and probe pulses which were used in this work were generated and previously and there are two separate publications with the the details of temporal and frequency shapes of these passes so we we just took their parameters like forward half maxima which which you can which you can see here of course you can do Fourier transform and then get the forward half maxima in frequency domain yeah so I was it was interesting because you actually have zero time delays and negative time delays as well right so that indicates like an overlap of the pump and the probe exactly but but only but only if you only if you uh calculate this time convolution dory window so here we have we don't get any signal here so this is this is obtained by assumption that the pump and probe pulses are non-overlapping right so that that accounts for the probe arriving even before the pump is that right actually yes but uh this this simulation does but uh not in so to say in very accurate way uh not in the sense of so not not not from the first principles but rather like this so the convolution from yeah from this paper from this paper here this is also derived by quite several approximations but it's not it's not only that the probe comes before pump but rather that delay time is is is is not the time difference between the moment in which you detect by the probe your system and you're you're excited it's not that difference it's it's rather the time difference between maximum of pump and probe but the probe the probe can excite your molecule slightly before t equals zero and the probe uh for i don't know delay time 25 milliseconds it can ionize your molecule slightly after after it's maximum but you in the experiment you will prescribe all of the data to delay time equals 25 so this is this is mainly accounted for by this by the convolution yeah exactly okay that makes sense i had a very quick question about that plot that you just showed um you know so i noticed that the resolution in the regular doorway window before the time convolution right so the resolution is poorer i mean that's simply because of intrinsic resolution in the calculation or uh you mean the the temporal resolution or uh yeah the temporal resolution i mean in the sense in the sense not only is the black region missing right before the zero time delay but also the shapes appear to be slightly different little bit fuzzy yeah uh this temporal resolution it it glances a little bit obviously yes so so you're right you're you're right uh this is pretty more pretty much fuzzier than than than than this um however the the time step is the same maybe it's just an optical illusion here because this is this is much more glancer uh but as you can see in the experiment it's it's more or less glance right it's it's flat so this temporal convolution does the job here not only by generating a signal for negative delay time but also for for glancing your your bends as you will see in the experiment if you want to see that i hope thank you tomas yeah question no you did actually i it's it's fascinating but um anyways i think it's time now to thank tomas law and we move to the next talk um thank you so tomas law if you can unshare