QuickBooks Online 2024. Sales by customer and income by customer reports. Get ready and some coffee because we're looking at some quick tips with QuickBooks Online 2024. Here we are online in our browser searching for QuickBooks Online Test Drive looking for the result that has Intuit.com and the URL Intuit being the owner of QuickBooks selecting the United States version of the software and verifying that we're not a robot. Opening up our major financial statement reports like we do every time. The reports on the left hand side in the favorites were right clicking on the balance sheet to open link in new tab. Right clicking on the profit and loss once again opening the link in a new tab. Going to the middle tab closing up the hamburger we're going to change the range up top going from first a word from our sponsor.  Like our accounting rocks product line if you're not crunching cords using Excel you're doing it wrong. 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If you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. 010123 tab 123123 tab run it to refresh it and then we'll tab to the right close up the hamburger once again and change that range alter the base another time 010123 tab 123123 tab running it to refresh it again these being the major two financial statement reports we're now looking at other reports most of which are going to give more information about one or multiple line items on one of these major two financial statement reports this time we're looking about at more information related to the income line items of the profit and loss as we consider sales by customer and income by customer reports let's first open those up going back to the first tab down to the reports on the left hand side close it up let's close up the hamburger and scroll down to the sales and customers so just a quick look at some of these reports here these because it's sales and customers you would think that the reports in this section would be giving more information about the income statement account of the sales or income accounts as well as possibly the accounts receivable account for those sales that were made on account that need to be tracked although most of the accounts receivable type of accounts would be in the category up top we looked at before of uh who owes you money where we have the AR aging reports let's give a quick recap of the reports in the sales section so where was I sales we got the customer contact list that's just a contact list that has the phone numbers and addresses and so forth not really tied into a financial statement report just a list of the contacts we've got the deposit detail now you can think about that one as kind of like an income statement supporting report because we're hoping most of the deposits are coming from the customers however it's a balance sheet account the deposits are ultimately going into the cash account on the balance sheet and you can probably look at the deposits as well if you went into the balance sheet and you sorted using your filtering option going into the checking account here for example using our filtering options up top here's our filter we can add a filter and look at the transaction type and look at it equals two and then the deposits boom and so then we can see so that's one way that you might format hold on a sec the transaction let me do it again the transaction type not equal it should be equals not not equals and so that's one way you can kind of look at the deposits and you can also look at that other deposit report so I won't go into that in detail that's kind of a cash supporting report and then the estimates and progress invoicing summary by customer so that has to do with estimates being a report that doesn't impact the financial statements it's it's going to possibly be used to create an invoice so we can track the estimates their progress invoicing having to do with a job cost system for longer projects where you might want to invoice possibly recognizing some revenue as the work happens which is a little bit unusual because normally under revenue recognition principles we recognize revenue when the work is done then we've got the estimates by customer once again tracking the estimates which aren't actually an income line item these are reports that are tracking internal forms such as the estimate which doesn't have a financial transaction here we have the income by customer summary that's the one we're going to focus in on shortly let's just go through them first though and then we have the inventory valuation detail now this report has to do with inventory so I'm not exactly sure why they would put it into the sales area although maybe it's because obviously when the inventory goes down it happens with sales but we'll possibly take a look at that later inventory valuation summary the payment method list this is the list of payments that are going to go on internal reports and the physical inventory worksheet once again inventory supporting worksheet that can help us to track the inventory into a physical count product service list this is a list of products and services so it's basically just a list and then the sales by customer detail so now we have once again the sales by customer which is going to be breaking out the income statement account this time by the sales or revenue line sales by customer summary sales by customer type detail which would only which would be useful if you had different customer types and then sales by product service detail we'll take a look at that later this would be sales income statement account broken out by what it is that you sell time activities by customer tracking the time information if you're inputting time into the system transaction list by customer so we could just have all the transactions listed by the customer and you would think most of those customer transactions would be related of course to the sales cycle transaction list by tags tags being those special added feature that you could use if you wanted to turn on the tags we have another course or section on that if you want to look at that in detail so now we're looking at focusing in on the income by customer summaries income by and then the sales by customer summary reports that's going to want and the sales by customer detail that's our focus let's first open the income by customer summary i'm going to right click on it and open that tab and it opens to the right let's close up the hamburger and bring it back to two thousand twenty three oh one oh one two three tab twelve thirty one two three tab run it to refresh it there is that one i'm going to go back on over let's just open all three of these reports so we can see them side by side we've got the sales by customer summary let's right click and open that one in a new tab and just format it we'll go on over to it close up the hamburger and change that range back to oh three oh one oh one two three tab twelve thirty one two three tab run it to refresh it there is that one back to the reports on the left and then we've got the sales by customer detail report let's right click on that one and open link in a new tab and check it out so we're going to open that up and then let's see if we could we've got the new view on this report so let's try to deal with the new view we could go back to the classic view but let's keep it on the new view so we can practice that because this i think they'll keep this one because it has some nice things to it so let's go to the custom dates up top and go from oh one oh one two three two twelve thirty one two three tab and there's our detail on this report i'll close up the hamburger so when we look at the income statement if i'm looking at my income lines you'll recall that the income lines we're going to have less detail in the income line than in the expense lines in other words on the expense items we're usually going to have more types of things in categories that we need to be paying for than on the income side of things because we're specializing on income and doing what we do well therefore the types of income accounts the things that we do to generate income are usually going to be fairly finite so what we want to avoid doing on the income accounts is usually not try to record our income accounts by customer which is a tendency we might have meaning we might be saying hey i'm i'm going to record income customer number one or income customer number two income from this person so that i can track who paid me on the income statement you don't want to typically do that because it'll make your income statement very long number one and number two you should be able to track that information elsewhere on another report so instead we should have the income line items that are just reporting the kinds of things that we are doing similar to the expense items which aren't being reported by vendor but rather by the things that we're paying for so so that's that's the idea now on the sub ledgers so these are basically sub ledgers if i go to let's go to this one first the sales by customer summary this is the classic sub ledger meaning now i have my sales broken out not by not by when they happened or not by what we the category of thing that we sold but rather by customer so these are the sales that were made for for each customer through the time period on the income statement note that the the date up top has to be arranged because this is a performance report and the total down here 10 280 05 should tie out to what's on the income statement for total income 10 200 it doesn't you're like wait a second doesn't tie out why doesn't it tie out well the these sub ledger reports quickbooks does not force you to to every time you record something to an income type of account any of these accounts quickbooks does not force you to add a customer so it's possible for you to throw off the sub ledger by posting something to these income accounts that doesn't have a customer related to it note that the sub ledger is similar to the accounts receivable on the balance sheet the accounts receivable and the accounts payable had sub ledgers those tied out exactly that's far more likely that those will tie out exactly because quickbooks does force us every time we post to ar or ap accounts receivable or accounts payable to have a customer or vendor selected because quickbooks is is is going to make us have the sub ledger tie out that way so they don't do that with the income which means we could throw off the sub ledger but if you record all of your financial transactions with invoices and sales receipts related to income when you sell stuff you use the sales forms in other words of invoices and sales receipts it should tie out because you will be applying customers every time you do that now the exception to the rule then would be what if you're just doing bank feeds you have gig work you're getting paid by youtube and other platforms whoever's whatever platform is paying you you're waiting till the deposit goes through and you're recording it with a bank feed well in that case or a bank deposit in that case you might not have the added detail of these sub ledgers because you're not using the income forms of invoices and sales receipts it might still be a good system to use because it's easy in that case and sacrificing the added detail might be well worth it and therefore in that case you may well say i'm just going to create each income line and call it youtube income or whatever platform income right because because in that case you're not going to have a sub ledger and most of your income is coming from these large one customer or platform areas so so that so that would be kind of the exception to the rule but if you have if you're selling other stuff like bookkeeping services law firm or if you're selling inventory or things like that normal businesses where you have to use invoices and sales receipts then you're not going to want to list out your income by customer and you're going to want to make sure that that you get the more detail or you can get the more detail with these uh sub ledgers so these sub ledgers are great as well the sales sub ledgers to then use to create pie charts which we might take a look at uh in future presentations too so there's that one so then we have this one now this one isn't is an income by customer summary so what's the difference between it seems pretty much the same sales by customer we're using the term sales as a revenue line sales revenue income they're basically the same term as they are being used here the top line of the income statement this one says income by customer so i i believe the idea here is they're trying to say kind of net income what's the net impact on the income statement per customer and you can see here that we have the expense column so now we've got these customers that had an expense related to it most likely it's going to be a cost of good sold expense right so we had income and expense so the net impact on net income or you might say gross impact gross income would be nine six eight three forty one right if i go back on over here and we look at the gross income nine seven nine five seventy seven it's not exact but if we used the invoices and sales forms and the items correctly it should be exact and if you're off on these accounts you're saying oh man it doesn't tie out so i'm never going to get that to work that's not the case really because remember the income statement starts over every year so if you had a mess last year and you want to do it different this year using the sales and then this this number will tie out in the current year because the income statement is a is a temporary has temporary accounts that all close out and then start over you know in the next period so that you can tie everything out uh so so so so in so like i said the income statement then is an area where it's easier to kind of fix the changes or fix things going forward by saying okay i'm going to draw the line stuff was messy before but now i'm going to make it right in the current year going forward because the income statement rolls out to the balance sheet the balance sheet is more difficult to do that because if your accounts receivable is messed up or if your accounts payable is messed up and your sub ledgers are just a mess or your inventory then it's more of an issue you have to clean it up more carefully because uh or you can't use the method at least of saying i'm going to i'm going to recognize it's been messed up up until this point and i'm going to fix it going forward because these are permanent accounts that will always be there right so if there's a sub ledger issue that doesn't tie out in these ones then you've got to take your time to properly fix it and do it in such a way that you don't mess up the prior period and that kind of thing so uh so there is that and then we have the last one which is in the this is the new format uh which they're using on some reports the new look so just a quick look at this we've got the switch to the classic you can bring it back to the classic view you have the actions email report add to management report export so here's your export to excel the cvs you can export to which is basically like an excel format without the formatting uh export or print we can save it we've got the date changes here we've got the groups we've got our filter uh the general options on the right that's where our cash are cruel so they don't have it showing twice this way which is kind of more efficient in some ways so i think this view is actually pretty good and then you have your columns that you can adjust the columns possibly and then this report sales by customer detail similar to this report but now it's giving us the detail by customer so now it's listing the customer and showing the transactions for that customer and so i wish the one thing on this one is it seems like the the ribbon takes up a lot of space like this backspace they should move it the whole thing up a bit but in case uh uh so you know because you anyway so so so now you've got the drop down of the customer and then the invoices and the detail for that customer within it so that's going to give you the detailed report of course so in future presentations we might take this uh sales by uh sales by customer and make a pie chart out of it or something if you want to make graphics or something out of it this would be one of the ideal reports to do that with because we're focused on sales is the goal of the business revenue generation so we might make some fancy charts on that by exporting it to excel now the other thing that often happens with the income line items is people want to record too many lines by item the different things that they sell goods and services which again isn't what you typically want to do you want to have the major grouping of items that you sell usually why because once again you can have another report which is going to be revenue or sales by item by things that you sell we'll take a look at those in future presentation


SCP-377 Object Class Safe Special Containment Procedures SCP-377 is kept in the personnel break room, third cabinet to the left of the refrigerator. Any personnel desiring a cookie from SCP-377 may take one and only one cookie every 48 hours, to ensure that all personnel get a share. Personnel read their fortunes at their own risk. Description SCP-377 is a box of La Troye Brand Fortune Cookies. The box was full when it was recovered from ██████ and has since restocked itself regularly every 12 hours. The cookies within the box are individually wrapped, for freshness according to the box, and are, according to all tests, totally ordinary. Each cookie contains one 18mm x 58mm piece of paper on which a fortune is written in blue ink. All of these properties are consistent with a box of cookies from this brand. However, the fortunes contained within each cookie are not consistent with those provided by the standard product. Fortunes appear to be specific to the individual opening the cookie, and have thus far shown to be 100% accurate, ranging from vague indications of coming success to specific predictions regarding personnel's personal lives. The fortunes are not, however, always positive. It is unknown whether the fortune cookies actively predict future events, or in fact cause future events to occur. Document No. 377-01 The following is a partial log of some of the more notable fortunes given out by SCP-377. Fortune Text It's a boy. Corresponding result Subject's wife's water broke less than an hour later. The child was male. Fortune Text The weather is really just not your friend today. Corresponding result Subject was struck by lightning later on the same day. Subject made a full recovery. Fortune Text Keep playing. You're going to win soon. Corresponding result Subject was a regular player in the state lottery, buying two lottery tickets a week. Four weeks had to receive in this fortune. Subject won over US$100 million. Fortune Text Life is laughter. Enjoy it while you can. Corresponding result Subject suffered aneurysm leading to massive hemorrhaging and sudden death. This occurred while Subject was laughing. Fortune Text Duck Corresponding result Addendum Following SCP-377's prediction of the deaths of several personnel, a request was submitted to upgrade SCP-377's class to Keeter. These were denied, citing a lack of evidence that SCP-377 had any actual connection to the causes of the deaths. Addendum Doctor ██████ received a fortune reading, you don't have long to live. Doctor ██████ was then startled by a guard who entered the break room and began to choke on the cookie. The guard did not know the Heimlich maneuver, and doctor ██████ tragically suffocated and died. This has been regarded as an accident and coincidence. Note from Agent ██████, I strongly discourage the recreational use of SCP-377, knowing the future sucks all the fun out of life. Believe me, I know.


A couple things helped me prepare for Ranger School. It was primarily mentors who had been to Ranger School before on the offspring and CO side, ran a pre-ranger program, pre-ranger assessment for us in third squadron that helped me see where I was at and identify my weaknesses. Anyways those weaknesses ended up being some back strength and leg strength so I worked on squats and deadlifts and then rocked a lot more and I thought that was sufficient. Ranger School has helped me to become a better leader where I'm able to lead from the front and help my soldiers become the leaders that they aspire to be. My advice for the for people that are wanting to go to Ranger School is just know why you want to go. If you want to go just make sure it's for the right reasons. Soldiers deserve Ranger Qualified Leadership and if that's what you believe then everything else will fall into place for you. If you're considering doing it, the sergeant I'm going to line is going to be a perfect opportunity to go. Just get out there and do it. Rangers lead the way!


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Dodge Charger SXT All-Wheel Drive is stock number 22D188. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Dodge and Dodge Charger headquarters. This 2022 Dodge Charger has the 3.6-liter V6 Pentastar engine. It's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. The SXT All-Wheel Drive Group gives you the 300 horsepower, 264 foot-pounds of torque. This one is going to give you 27 miles per gallon highway, 18 city for a combined average of 21 miles per gallon. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, give you the most accurate representation, go over all the options on this one, and hopefully you enjoy. If you do enjoy or learn anything, click the subscribe button, and you get updates on the videos I do each and every day if you click the bell notifications. Starting off, you get the crosshair grille. You also get the LED fog lamps and LED lighting lights. This one has the convenience group, which gives you the HID projector headlamps as well. This one comes with the 19-inch painted alloy wheels, and it has Michelin Primacy MXM4 235 55R 19 tires. Kind of an all-terrain tread pattern on there. And we'll take a look at the original window sticker. Feel free to pause this. I'm not going to go through everything. I'll go through most of it, but not everything. 2022 Charger SXT All-Wheel Drive. Pitch black is the color. Black interior, houndstooth clasport seats, 3.6-liter Pentastar 8-speed automatic transmission. So you get the 300 horsepower rating with that all-wheel drive system. And then everything is your standard equipment there. Interior features, standard equipment there as well. And then the exterior is the standard equipment right there. So optional equipment starts right there. And it's a houndstooth clasport seats from 195. It gives you the heated front seats. It also has the cold weather package, which gives you heated steering wheel and heated front seats, which is 695. The driver convenience group is 1480.  This one also has the Alpine audio group and subwoofer with the subwoofer, which is $1,095, gives you nine premium Alpine speakers, 506 watt amplifier, trunk mounted, subwoofer, and surround sound. Power sunroof is $1295. Total MSRP is $42,600. If you want to get your summit price with all the rebates and incentives on this charger in the upper right-hand part of the screen is a link to this vehicle. Click that to get that and availability for this car. Three-year 36 bumper-to-bumper and five-year 60 powertrain. There is your fuel economy. And then my favorite part about the chargers, very safe vehicles, five and four stars up and down the board. Overall vehicle scores, five stars, and most of them are four and five. So very safe vehicle. We'll finish the walk around here. All the chargers come with four-wheel disc brakes on them. You get the dual rear exhaust with the bright tips, backup parking sensors, and then you get the LED running lights on the tail lamps here. We'll turn all those on at the end of the video so you can check out just how bright they are and how good it looks from the back. There is your Alpine subwoofer.  And this is also where your battery is located on these chargers for better weight distribution. I like that these have the trunk popper right there so you can open the trunk without the key or releasing it from the inside. Has the capitalist fuel fill as well. Has the enter and go system, blind spot monitoring, heated mirrors. Inside, you get those houndstooth sport cloth bucket seats. Both these front seats are heated. And you do get a power driver's seat with lumbar. Factory floor mats, auto headlamps, power windows, locks, and mirrors. That is a cloth right there. Also, that's kind of the plastic. And then that's leather. Back seats, plenty of room back here. They're trimmed out with the same houndstooth cloth. Latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have.  You also get two USBs back here and factory floor mats. Side curtain airbags, child safety locks on the back doors. Take a look at the instrument cluster and radio. Then we'll turn on all the lights.  So you can get the 7-inch LCD display, digital speedometer on there. Can change all those corners to read pretty much whatever you want. It comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth, and Information Center controls on the left, as the paddle shifters, and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. You get the 8.44C radio, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You can do your climate controls here, your heated seats, heated steering wheel button. Have all your different settings. You have your phone. You have your different apps. You even have Projection Manager. You can project your cell phone to the screen. So while this one doesn't have the factory navigation system, project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. And if you have Waze or Google Maps or some other nav system on your phone, project it right there. And it's like you have nav right on the screen. So it's a really cool system. Here's your push button start, your sport mode, super track pack, parking sensors, stability control. And then you'll get the more tactile climate controls with the dual climate controls right there. 8-speed automatic transmission. You do get keyless entry with remote start on there. And that's the enter and go key fob. So you just have to have this in your pocket and it will automatically unlock. You get the charger lettering right there. This one does have the power sunroof. Up here you get home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems and map lights, assist and SOS buttons in the mirror. And like I said, I wanted to take a look at all those lights. I'll show you under the hood as well. Really nice cars. They ride really smooth. And not sure why they're not more popular, especially with the 36, getting pretty good fuel economy and plenty of room. And like I said, they're comfortable and nicely optioned out. So this is the 3.6 liter, 300 horsepower, 264 foot-pounds of torque. Once again, 27 miles per gallon highway, 19 city for an average of 21 miles per gallon. You can see it has the shocks there, keeping the hood up. There's the emission sticker. And what I'm gonna do is I'm going to pause the video and I'm gonna turn off all the lights so you can see how nice and bright all those LED and HID lights are as well as the tail lamps. So give me one second here. All right, you can see just how nice and bright all those lights are. So you get the LED lights that go around right there. These are the HIDs. You get the LED fog lamps, which there's three of them on each side. And those all look really good. The fenders have the lights in them as well. And we'll come around to the back, which is my favorite part of the car. You always know when you're following a charger. They have a very distinctive backlighting system. You also get the LED light on the license plate. So really a good looking car. And hopefully this video was helpful and informational for you. And thanks for checking it out. And once again, if you learned anything or if you like the car, you can visit our website. If you like the video, you can subscribe to the YouTube channel. And to see more pictures of this car, or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, chargers, challengers, sports cars, you name it, we got it. Go to that website right there, summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second, you'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left, a link to more charger videos I've done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out. We're super excited to be offering the 2022 Dodge Charger SXT all-wheel drive in pitch black clear coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Hi, my name is Monty Johnson. This is the third of my lectures on Albert Camus the Plague LePest originally published 1947 and I'm using the translation by Stuart Gilbert that was published in 1948 So we move on to part three which in the overall structure is Kind of a pedestal chapter meaning parts one and parts two build up to it It's kind of a climax and then we move downwards in parts four and five Part one Introduced us to the plague. There was a lot of Denial that it was happening a lot of dithering on the part of public officials and it wasn't until the last line of that part that There was acceptance that there was the plague and it was officially declared in part two by far the longest chapter We had in-depth character development of the main characters Ryu Toro, Rambeir, Grand, Pantelou, and so forth in part three then we have already met the characters and we have Essentially a graphic description of the waste that the plague lays to the city and the mass death and destruction and how it is coped with and in a way, it's the most Difficult chapter to deal with the hardest to read it hits very hard after this we have a part that explains how the characters are Transformed in response to the plague how they cope with it as it goes on interminably before the Resolution and the end of the plague in part five now one thing I think is crucial philosophically to this chapter is the idea of focusing on those who are worse off and that being a kind of Coping mechanism for dealing with a difficult situation So consider this passage from chapter 18 The authorities had the idea of segregating certain particularly affected central areas and permitting only those whose services were indispensable to cross the cordon Dwellers in these districts could not help regarding these regulations as a sort of taboo Specifically directed at themselves and thus they came by contrast to envy residents in other areas their freedom and The latter to cheer themselves up in despondent moments fell to picturing the lot of those who were less free than themselves Anyhow there are some worse off than I was a remark that voiced the only solace to be had in those days and in fact This is an effective coping mechanism for one thing. It does relieve some of the pain that is augmented by rumination and constant return and reflection on your own difficulty But also I think that Camu shows how this focusing on those that are less fortunate than us also Changes our perspective from one in which we envy those who are better off and we come to feel pity and Mutual fellow feeling for those who are worse off and This psychological mechanism was also utilized by the Epicureans most famously in the opening of book 2 of Lucretius's on the nature of things where he says Sweet it is when on the great sea the winds are buffeting the waters to gaze from the land on another's great struggles Not because it's a pleasure or joy that anyone should be distressed But because it is sweet to perceive from what misfortune you yourself are free Sweet it is to to behold great contest of war in full array over the planes When you have no part in the danger Now he makes it clear that this isn't a kind of taking Pleasure at another's misery, but it's rather by focusing on them one feels more safe and Secure oneself in fact This is a very very ancient piece of is wisdom perhaps the oldest piece of ethics that we actually have we go back to One of the key longest and most secure fragments of Democritus of abdura He says one should keep in mind one's capabilities and be content with what one has Having few memories or thoughts of those who are objects of envy and admiration By not paying attention to them and one should observe the lives of those who are enduring hardship Taking into consideration the defects they suffer from So that the things one has and already possesses will seem great and worthy of jealousy And no longer would you suffer badly because of having desires in your soul For the one who in his memory at all hours dwells on those who are objects of admiration and deemed blessed by other humans Is always compelled to find new opportunities and to overshoot because of a desire to do desperate things Which the laws forbid that is why by not doubting what must be But by being content with respect to the things that must be by comparing one's own life with those who do worse And by deeming oneself blessed keeping in mind the things they suffer one does and fares much better than they do And so this chapter which describes so much misery and mass death Invites the reader to follow along with the procedure That the characters in the novel Engage in which is to constantly describe and understand worsening conditions that other people are going through Now to give an idea of the overall structure of this short chapter Initially camo describes the climax of the summer heat in the disease as we move into summer and the days get steadily More hot more sweaty more uncomfortable even as the death rates climb And he says he'll describe this miserable situation with respect to three issues one the excesses of the living How people are reacting and dealing with the plague not very well They are rioting and burning down buildings attacking the police and guards and so forth second What happens with burials of the dead and how the dead are treated and third the plight of parted lovers So to begin with the excesses of the living So the contagion most immediately threatens those who live together in groups like prisoners soldiers monks nuns students and dormitories as it were the These individuals must leave these group living situations and be billeted in private houses But that entails a breakdown of these groups and a disruption of their daily routines So this contributes to a sense of disruption and even chaos Now this is impossible of course for prisoners. They can't be released So they stay trapped within the prison and being in prison becomes a kind of death sentence because you have the highest rates of transmission There and and weak health care Now at the climax of the summer heat, there is an outbreak of rioting and arson's caused largely by people who had returned from a quarantine and Throne off by their thrown off their balance by bereavement and anxiety They were burning their houses under the odd delusion that they were killing off the plague in the Holocaust But there are other reasons why people are burning buildings and many of them are Engaging in looting theft and so forth So the authorities enact stiff penalties of imprisonment in order to prevent these arson's again Imprisonment in this context amounts to a death sentence So an epidemic of burning buildings of looting buildings Also attacks sometimes armed on the police and the guards of the town Usually at the gates. So the authorities are forced to respond by imposing nighttime curfews and eventually martial law and all of this just Titans the widespread feelings of being imprisoned Along with this inference that being imprisoned leads to a death sentence So certainly if you are within the prison But everyone is in a way imprisoned And so everyone feels like they're under that kind of death sentence and some people Forced to stay where they are within their own homes within their own districts Everybody is immobilized. So there is a very awkward and unsettling combination of growing lawlessness and chaos Outside along with the lethargy and immobilization inside Now this misery is described basically through all of the sensory modalities the way that we Sense what's going on around us and the apprehension that that causes So for example camu describes dust clouds a gray crust Forming on everything due to the dryness and heat darkness at night when electricity is cut off and curfews Are imposed and so you have a kind of absence of sensation And a haze of dust and golden light upon treeless streets. So there's this sort of combination of Things being too bright and they're being too much glare from the sun But then also being obscured in a haze and a dust Before totally disappearing at night when there is no electric light So almost like a kind of blindness is coming on But as for hearing loud shrilling of wind A defunct city in which plague stone darkness had effectively silenced every voice One vast rumor of low voices and incessant footfalls the drumming of innumerable souls Time to the eerie whistling of the plague and so Unfamiliar sounds and yet they're repetitive and annoying and uh irritating Also, of course the searingly hot days the warm darkness of the summer nights the constant sweating feeling too hot but can't relieve oneself by uh swimming or uh Gathering in cafes to drink and things like that Also foul smelling clouds of smoke They come from the plague fires both the arsons Where houses and buildings are being burned down, but also from the crematorium that they've had to start employing Such were the sights and apprehensions that kept alive in our town's people. He writes Their feeling of exile and separation in this connection The narrator is well aware how regrettable is his inability to record at this point something of a really spectacular order some Heroic feat or memorable deed like those that thrill us in the chronicles of the past The truth is that nothing is less sensational than pestilence and by reason of their very duration great misfortunes Are monotonous In the memories of those who live through them the grim days of plague do not stand out like vivid flames ravenous and Inextinguishable beaconing a troubled sky But rather like the snow Deliberate progress of some monstrous thing crushing out all upon its path So even while all of the senses are stimulated by these Disturbing and irritating new sensations. The overall effect is actually not excitement, but monotony and This going on and on and there sort of being no release from it Now the most grim section concerns burials of the dead And the narrator offers his own apology for the graphic nature of his descriptions But he insists that he doesn't have a morbid taste In fact, he prefers the living and prefers activities like swimming But swimming is impossible now and he's surrounded Not by swimmers and beach days, but by funerals and death. So he must give an account of them Actually, the most striking feature of our funerals was their speed And formalities are quickly abandoned both for health reasons and because they are happening so often And it's just not tenable to give everybody a full Funeral The rushed and unceremonial process of moving bodies from the hospital actually a converted school Over to the cemetery is described The whole process was put through with the maximum of speed and the minimum of risk It cannot be denied that anyhow in the early days the natural feelings of the family Were somewhat outraged by these lightning funerals But obviously in a time of plague such sentiments cannot be taken into account and all was sacrificed to Efficiency people not allowed to see Their loved ones in the last stages of their dying and then not even being able to See them off at a funeral so again Absolute separation and isolation from the closest loved ones and at A crucial time in their life their death Now there's a shortage of coffins which necessitates ultimately combining funerals And then reusing coffins in order to transport bodies from the hospital to the cemetery At this point mourners had to be Forbidden from the actual interment These now take place into pits Initially two of them for propriety's sake divided into a men's pit and a women's pit But eventually even this decorum has to be abandoned and men and women are thrown indiscriminately Into pits together and quickly covered with layers of quick lime Which he describes as steaming and seething again describing its effect on our senses Burials are then connected eventually at night in order to obscure and cover up the more and more Summary procedures that are employed to cope with the growing number of corpses and as space runs out, you know the Cemetery plots eventually run out and then not only the plots run out, but those have to be dug up and large pits to throw bodies into but then even There's not enough space for those anymore And so the plague victims have to be cremated and for this purpose a crematorium On the other side of town is employed and eventually a streetcar is converted To transport bodies more efficiently from the town out to the crematorium So Kamu says making a very morbid kind of joke a branch line was laid down to the crematorium Which thus became a terminus Now the final Description of the climax of misery due to the plague Is the plight of parted lovers He goes so far as to say that the chief source of distress The deepest as well as the most widespread was separation of people from one another but That gets so bad that even this distress eventually comes to lose some of its poignancy as people become essentially Disinterested in everything and treat everything as being kind of indifferent While during the first weeks they were apt to complain that only shadows remained to them of what their love had been and meant They now came to learn that even shadows can waste away Losing the faint hues of life that memory may give again describing describing this darkening and becoming more bleak and fading from our visual perception The here and now had come to mean everything to them for there is no denying that the plague had gradually Killed off in all of us the faculty not of only of love but even of friendship Naturally enough since love asks something of the future and nothing was left to us but a series of present Moments so under these circumstances even friendship starts to fade Being parted from your friends not being able to get together with friends not even really being able to meaningfully communicate with them So they'd cease to choose for themselves and plague had leveled out Discrimination this could be seen in the way that nobody troubled about the quality of their Clothes or the food he bought everything was taken as it came People don't get dressed up anymore. They roll out of bed and put on the same set of clothes wearing whatever is most comfortable at hand and not Trying to dress to please or impress other people And this shows, you know a gradual losing of connection with other people And so this feeling this strange feeling of a simultaneous Exile and imprisonment So that all of us ate at the same sour bread of exile the blind Endurance again an endurance a period of endurance robbed of real sensation this blind endurance Had ousted love from all of our hearts That's the depth of the misery reached by the plague in part three


There can be no doubt that education is the keystone to our future. Around the nation, educational partnerships are being established with the private sector to more fully impact the educational community. At the same time, educators have come to realize that the topic of space serves as a catalyst to inspire young people to take many different subjects that are most often science and mathematics. Young organizations use the topic of space as their central theme. For example, there's the Young Astronaut Foundation in Washington, D.C., the United States Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama, and even the 4-H is incorporating the space theme into some of their educational programs. The most recent student, educator, space-related organization to come into being is the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. Through Challenger Center's endeavors, the aims and intentions of the Challenger 51L crew continues thanks to the efforts of the family members. Challenger Center is establishing a network of Challenger Learning Centers throughout the United States. Chuck Resnick, one of the founding family members, tells us about the origin of the Challenger Center. The Challenger Center was an idea that came about from the families of the Challenger crew. After the Challenger accident, there were a number of people who were interested in helping us in any way they could. There was a tremendous outpouring of emotion and support from all over the country, and a lot of people wanted to continue the mission in some way. They wanted to show their support for the Challenger crew, and the families decided that the most appropriate way was to try to continue the educational portion of the mission because all of the astronauts were educators and teachers in their own way, including Krista. And so we came up with an idea of trying to give back to the country some of the support that they had shown us by creating an educational process that children all over the country could use. And that's how the idea of the Challenger Center was developed. The Challenger Center educational programs are built around simulations to generate excitement in the hard sciences as well as mathematics. The need for interest in these fields is very clear. There has been a steady decline in science and math learning, while at the same time technological advances are creating numerous jobs and related fields for which there is the potential that someday there will not be enough qualified individuals to fill all of the vacancies. The Challenger Learning Centers attempt to create an atmosphere that will inspire young people to want to learn. To tell us about some of the Challenger Learning Center accomplishments is Doug King, President of the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. I think the accomplishments already are an incredible tribute to the family members that founded this and the educators and board members that they have gathered together as a team. We had over 6,000 students go through the prototype facility down in Houston. We've had just the beginnings of student population coming through this facility here in Prince George's County. But more importantly, they've laid the groundwork for a national network of learning facilities that will reach 50,000 teachers and half a million students a year by 1992. The Challenger Learning Center is forming network. These centers simulate future space flights with a space station simulator in one room and mission control on Earth in another. These simulated space flights provide students and educators with hands-on experience with a variety of science, math, and problem-solving tasks which will vary depending on the mission the crew is on. Currently, there are two missions, Return to the Moon and Rendezvous with Comet Halle in 2061. Additional future mission scenarios are being planned. During their flight, the students must solve problems. Their solution depends upon cooperation and teamwork and the use of critical thinking skills. Once back at school, the students used the data that they collected during their flight to tie the mission together. The Challenger Center's first learning center was opened at the Houston Museum of Natural Science in August of 1988. Throughout the country, a number of Challenger Learning Centers are in the process of opening. This national network of learning facilities will be linked together by a flagship facility in Washington, D.C. That facility will provide teacher training and research and development and an opportunity to link the mission sites into national and even international simulations. The ultimate goal of the Challenger Center is to be a network that is certainly nationwide and perhaps worldwide as far as facilities for children and teachers to utilize. Not only that, there will be curriculum that can be disseminated throughout all of the schools, again in the United States and perhaps in other countries as well, so that even those children and teachers who cannot visit our facilities will still have some of the educational materials that have been developed through the Challenger Center in order to continue the interests that children have in areas of space, science, and other types of technology. A Challenger Learning Center is made up of a space station and mission control. In the space station, there are eight different modules to carry out the various tasks required to complete the mission. Students work in teams during the mission. Everyone who participates in the simulation is very important to the success of the mission. During each mission, the students will work in both mission control and the space station. There is the medical station. Here tasks are completed to determine the health of the crew. In the life support station, the space station's environment is monitored to ensure good air and water quality during the mission. In the isolation chamber, materials are handled outside of the space station through the use of robotics. At the biosphere station, teleoperations are used to operate robots in a greenhouse. These plants can be used as a source of food. Some tasks are completed in the glove box. Here students might study moon rocks or determine the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf of a plant. In the probe room, the space travelers assemble a probe that will be used to gather data about Comet Halley or the moon. The navigation team works to locate Comet Halley or to select the best landing site on the moon. SIMCOM and the space station and CAPCOM and mission control work together to ensure all messages are delivered and questions are answered. Mission control guides the space station through its flight by providing needed information to answer the crew's questions or concerns during the mission. In addition to Challenger Learning Centers, the Challenger Educational Programs includes video conferences, teacher workshops, curriculum materials, and some day a flagship facility in Washington, D.C. The Challenger Center is a continuation of the mission of the Challenger crew and it's a way of acknowledging the fact that they gave their lives for a worthy cause, that they were explorers, that they were educators, that they were all seeking to learn in their own way. And if through the facilities of the Challenger Center we can instill some of those same characteristics in children around the country, then I think it will be a worthwhile endeavor.


Hey Psych2GoFam, welcome back to another video. Before we start, we'd like to give a huge thanks for all of the love and support that you've given us. Psych2Go's mission is to make psychology and mental health more accessible to everyone. So, let's begin. Have you heard of an inner child? In analytical psychology, the term inner child refers to an individual's childlike aspect.    When dealing with an unhealthy childhood, you may have learned to internalize negativity. After repeatedly being mistreated, you might think you deserve to be treated poorly. In that way, your inner child can become wounded. You might not have gotten over the pain of that event, even if you think you did. If any of the following applies to you, you might have a wounded inner child. 1. You fear abandonment. Do you often worry that the people in your life are going to leave you eventually? Do you feel like you're unworthy of love? If so, you might unconsciously push people away because nothing anyone does can convince you that they are true and committed. You'd rather be alone than be abandoned. This common fear of abandonment is arguably one of the most damaging fears of all. Our behaviors and actions in current relationships are the result of old fears and learned concepts that took place in our childhood. 2. You have inappropriate guilt. Did your parents blame you a lot as a child? When adults make children feel responsible for things outside of their control, this can leave you with feelings of unnecessary guilt, even in adulthood. When you've done something wrong, it's normal to feel guilt. However, when your unwarranted sense of guilt doesn't fit your current circumstances, this can be a sign of a wounded inner child. This feeling most likely means you were made to feel frequent guilt in your childhood and you never healed from it. 3. You have trust issues.  Since then, you're always wary of other people's intentions. To avoid experiencing the same kind of anxiety and heartache all over again, you develop trust issues as a defense mechanism. But the truth is, not everyone is going to mistreat you. And if you hold onto this belief that everyone will hurt you, it prevents you from getting close to people who do truly love you. Such issues often stem from a wounded inner child who learned early on that people can't be trusted. 4. You have a fear of setting boundaries.  Do you find it hard to properly enforce the boundaries you've set for yourself? Boundaries are the rules we create in our own minds to help us figure out how much we'll let other people get away with in our lives. Perhaps you're a people pleaser, unable to say no when someone asks you for a favor. You could be afraid to hurt their feelings, or maybe you're just not good at speaking your mind. This is another sign of a wounded inner child. 5. You get angry easily. Anger is a universal emotion that everyone feels at one point or another. In some cases, anger can be healthy to feel and express. But when a person regularly loses their temper and struggles to manage it properly, it signifies an underlying issue.  It can mean that you're holding on to a time when your needs weren't met, or your circumstances were unfair and frustrating. 6. You have trouble letting things go. We bury our trauma and bring them with us from our childhood into adulthood, whether we want to or not. Do you continue to think about arguments long after they're over? Do you ruminate over bad things that happened even though you know you'd be happier if you just moved on? Or do you cling to things that are already over because it feels safer than accepting reality? This could all be because you're experiencing symptoms of the baggage that was left behind in your past. Did these signs help you recognize whether your inner child was wounded or not? By looking at your past trauma, it helps you understand your behaviors and gets you to the root of your fears. Feeling your inner child starts with expressing yourself authentically and without shame, respect, accept, and make peace with your past self, aka your inner child. If you found this video insightful, please like and share this video with others. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button for more Psych2Go content. The references and studies used in this video are added in the description below. Thanks for watching and we'll see you soon.


In this video for sub-sub-unit 4.3.1, we examine how a contract can be breached, breach of contract, how can a contract be breached or violated or broken, and some of the consequences of a breach. We're going to determine what constitutes a breach, the types of breach and the impact of each, what constitutes a material breach and the importance of material breach, and lastly the impact of the UCC, which if you recall again, we're talking about the Uniform Commercial Code, the Uniform Commercial Code. Alright, so let's take a look and talk about what is a breach, what is a breach, and as you consider what a contract is and how it comes together, you might have some answers of your own, think about it. A breach can occur in several situations. For instance, a breach may occur where a party fails to perform obligations, so a failure to perform obligations under the contract is often a breach. Where there are time obligations that are not met. For example, something has to happen by a certain time according to a contract. Or if there's only been partial satisfaction of the terms, partial satisfaction of the terms of the contract. A key issue in all of these things as we look at breach is, is there a material breach? Is the breach material? That will impact the availability of a remedy and it will also impact what kind of remedy can be given. So let's look at some specific types of breach. Okay, types of breach. One we've already mentioned, material breach. Material breach is a substantial breach, a substantial breaking of the contract. Keep in mind, parties to a contract often will not perform their obligations perfectly, so you have to determine whether a non-performance is material or not. Some of the key factors in determining whether there is a material breach include looking at how important is the loss of benefit that the aggrieved party reasonably expected. You want to look at how easy it would be to compensate the aggrieved party for the loss of the benefit. You would look at how likely it is that the breaching party can and will cure or fix the problem. That will impact the decision on whether we have a material breach. And lastly, the breaching party act in good faith. So what you'll see is that every breach or every potential breach is fact specific and the fact finder, the judge or the jury is going to look at specific facts of the case. So let's talk about what happens if there is a material breach. If there is a material breach, then the party that did not breach, the non-breaching party, can terminate the contract. It means they don't have to keep up their side of it and they can sue for damages under the contract. So it's pretty significant when there is a material breach. What about a non-material breach? It's another type of breach. It is a breach. But obviously, it's not as important. It's often sometimes called minor partial breaches. These are unimportant failures. Such as minor delays or minor deviations from the terms of the contract. One thing to keep in mind about minor delays is that sometimes they can be material. Particularly if the contract says time is of the essence or something similar. If the timeliness of fulfilling the contract is found in the contract, if the importance of that is expressed in the contract, then that may be a material breach. All right. Next, let's talk about the results of a non-material breach. Non-material breach, you can expect the results are not going to be quite as drastic as a material breach. And in fact, with a non-material breach, the non-breaching party still must perform. They still have to hold up their side of the contract. However, they can sue for any damages. So in contrast to material breach where the non-breaching party does not have to perform, the non-material breach, the non-breaching party must perform. Let's take a look at another kind of breach known as anticipatory repudiation or anticipatory breach. This is when a party to a contract makes it clear that their intent is that they will not perform their obligations under the contract. And it can't just be kind of a guess. There has to be an expression or action that pretty clearly establishes that there's a high probability the breach will occur. Let's take a little closer look at anticipatory repudiation or anticipatory breach. You can accomplish anticipatory breach in several ways or anticipatory repudiation. You can do it through express statements, so expressly. You can do it through actions. Certain actions you can take indicate to another person that it's going to be impossible. You can do it through transfer of property to a third party, particularly where we talk about the sale of goods under UCC. If you transfer the property to somebody else then of course you've expressed that you don't intend to carry through the contract with the person you made it. So in essence this results in a material breach and the non-breaching party is excused from performance. It's terminated. Contract is terminated. Keep in mind also that it's possible to retract a repudiation. Retraction of a repudiation is possible. However, there must not have been a material change in the circumstances or in the other person's situation. So there must not be any material change. Why is this concept of anticipatory repudiation or anticipatory breach important? You may be asking yourself. Think about it for a second. The importance of it is mostly to the party who is doing the anticipatory repudiation. Because the party that is the victim of the breach has what is known as a duty to mitigate. They have a duty to mitigate damages. So they can't create more damages by holding to the contract. So for example, if an employee is terminated wrongfully in violation of a contract, the employee can't sit out the term of the contract at home collecting his pay or hoping to collect the money that he was supposed to be paid. He has to mitigate. He has to go out and look for a job. And if he doesn't, the court is not going to give him all his money. Lastly, let's take a look at the impact of the UCC. Because the UCC has some major impact here. You'll recall that the UCC adjusts the common law. Changes the common law. And the situation particularly of the sale of goods. So that unfair or inefficient results are avoided. Well under the UCC there are some adjustments to traditional common law contract. For instance, the buyer has a right of inspection. The buyer has a right of inspection. The goods don't conform to the contract. In essence, if there is some kind of breach, the buyer can reject all. The buyer can accept some and reject the rest. Or the buyer can accept all the goods. The UCC also gives a seller time to cure or fix the problem. They can fix the problem. If the time for delivery is not passed. If the time for delivery is not passed, they can still fix the problem. Now if there's a reasonable question about one party's ability or intent to perform that party's duties under the contract, or the party may demand adequate assurance, adequate assurance of due performance. And if not provided, the party asking for assurances can terminate the contract. So review in this sub-subunit we have defined. In this video we have defined breach of contract. We've looked at different kinds of breaches, different kinds of breaches. We've addressed the impact of material breach and we've addressed the impact of the UCC. And it's a take on the issue of breach and sale of goods.