This is the SF Productions podcast network The time that people used to tape shows, let me see. There's a tape already in here. Let me hook this up here and let me see what we got. Back with us to the 60s and 70s, the dwelling place of the lost generation. An era whose heroes, role models, and very lives were molded and formed by weekly installments of favorite television programs. Welcome to the place your parents didn't understand. The Vast Wasteland. Welcome home. Exciting episode of Vast Wasteland. I'm your host Mark Schmidbar along with Wilbur Neil and Marty Wiley. We're here to talk about 60s and 70s television. And tonight it's gimmicky detectives. But before we get into tonight's big show, I want to tell you as usual on Tuesdays at 6, Wednesdays at 10, and Thursdays at 3, here on ACTV, cable 21. And if you want to write to us, we're at box 15, 1526, Columbus, Ohio, 43215. And now, gimmicky detectives. Of course, all through the 60s and 70s, we saw this concept. It just wasn't enough to have a detective show because there were so many hundreds of them, it had to have a hook. It had to have a gimmick. And that's why we're going to talk about tonight, gimmicky detectives. And let's just jump right into this. Wilbur, let's go. Okay, well, as I mentioned before, now we're talking about gimmicky detectives. Probably the most gimmicky, the most gimmick laden show of the 60s. But I have to put an asterisk by this. Well, Batman. We've got to look at the guy. I mean, he's basically, that's what he's doing. He's out there doing detective work if you go with the original comic book for him. Right. He's doing detective work. Now the show just made him... He's hardly a detective. He had all the computer and everything to do it for him. He had all his other gimmicks to do. All the gathered clues and whatnot. Well, yeah, but they were like... That's detective-y. I don't know. That's that bat computer. That darn bat computer. That did all the work for him. Let's pour these noodles in here and see what it comes up with. Oh! Oh! It says the lady's trapped in the suit factory. We could have figured that out, but it's... Yeah. Well, certainly the first appearances of actually detectives on TV other than the classic gumshoe Mickey Spelane type character, anyone other than that, was probably all the stuff that Warner Brothers was churning out. The early 60s stuff like Surfside Six and 77 Sunset Strip and Hawaiian Eye. And these were all the same show. Different locations. Different locations, same show. He basically had the two hunky guys and the girl Friday secretary slash bimbo that would be there just to keep the guys interested watching the show. No, no, you were supposed to be interested in the intrigue of the plot. Which there wasn't any. In the car. Yeah, in the car. So it was all the same show basically. And the gimmick of it was just two young guys as detectives. That was the whole gimmick. Two. Cool. Two young guys. Yeah, there you go. So that's really where it started. But I'd say the first, as far as I could find, of a truly, of a detective with a gimmick would probably be Burke's Law. Okay. You know, and the gimmick was he was rich. He could do it. What does a rich guy do with his extra time? He's a detective. That's right. And all that same theme has come up later in other shows. Well, they brought that same thing back. You get the rich guy that can afford to go out and spend some time doing detective work.  Or what's his name? Matt Houston. There's another one there. Well, I guess you can look it up. Wasn't that the whole idea behind Remington Steel too? Well, no. I mean, isn't Remington a rich guy? He wasn't. No, not really. Because he was just a nobody. That was a sham. That was a rich guy. Wow. He picked up on the thing. See, because Laura Hoke had the detective agency where nobody would believe a woman. And so she decided to create this Remington Steel character. And then here he comes. This guy suddenly shows up. I'm Remington Steel. Well, that's a new gimmick. That's a totally new gimmick. But that's not further. We're dealing with old gimmicks. That's not further. Yeah, that's further ahead. But so, let's see. What do we have after Burke's Law? Well, let's see. I'm looking through here. Well, right off of Burke's Law, Honey West. No, Honey West, yeah. But she, well, they both kind of blended into the spy thing. But actually they were detectives. It's just that she had a lot of, she had some gimmicks and things there too. And then she had her show for bodyguards. And then she had some gimmicks. Yes, gimmicks. Two very prominent gimmicks. Back to the rest there. You're noticing a body language there. She talked about her gimmicks. Tight black suit that she wore. She had gimmicks. Exactly. Anyway, that's one of the things you find though. A lot of these spy shows that we had talked about before kind of melded in there. Also kind of detective. And another thing we're going to run into here is the police shows that run into the detective thing. There's just that. The ones that are supposedly detectives, I mean that are policemen. But you rarely see them doing any real police work. You know, I mean you don't see them filling out reports. You don't see them even at the police station.  And it's like, well, there's hardly any difference. They're basically, they're detectives. That's all they do. Right. So some of those might be included as well in our travels tonight. Well, let's see. Really a lot in the 60s, unless you get into the spy area, there wasn't a lot. Not really. You had, I had another example here. Where is it? Johnny Staccato. Ooh. And this is, this is. Okay. It sounds like a music lesson show or something. Well, it was 1959 to 1960. And it was about this character. And yes, he was a jazz musician and a detective. So this is your gimmick here. Well, a lethal combination. Right. So we had that, we had another show called, oh shoot. I saw it here. Well, I can't remember the name of the show, but it's about a, about this British guy who comes over and he's a detective. Here, Mark Saber. There we go. 1951 to 1960. So it does actually count as a 60s show. Wow. You got this Bourbon Street beat in New Orleans. Right. But that's also, Bourbon Street beat is a lot like Hawaiian Eye or Surfside Six. Where the gimmick was the location. Right. The location was mostly the gimmick. But then it seemed like at one point you could turn on the TV and there wasn't anything on But Detective shows. Right. And that was the 70s. Yes. Really. I mean, you really don't see a lot of this. The 70s are just exploded. That's where the gimmicks really hit. Because they had to have them in order. Exactly. The guy different from that guy, from that chick. Well, they're really making them different from where the, your Jack Webb shows. Detect, they were police dramas. We're real policemen out here doing real police jobs. Only the names were changed to protect the innocent. Exactly. We're talking about fiction. Right. But Jack, that was true. Only the names were changed to protect the innocent. It's like, what's that now? We got all those cops there. This is nowhere near a life. That's a real cop. I know. This is nowhere near a life. It just funds out your face to protect the guilty. Exactly. Well, that's not to embarrass the guilty, I guess, is what it is. So there's so many things they do there. Attack the police dog. Come on. So I think the watershed year really was 1971. Because we had, in the same year, produced Cannon, Colombo, Longstreet, McMillan and Wife. And I think McLeod. Let me see here. Yeah, it wasn't McLeod and Colombo and Hecaramze. That was sort of a rotation. That was the all NBC mystery movie. And that's why all these things showed up. Except for Cannon. Basically, yeah, Colombo was part of that. McLeod, Hecaramze, McMillan and Wife. I liked Hecaramze just because it was different. It was detective show, but he was like an old west sheriff detective kind of guy. Right. And he had a horse. Right. Well. That's a plus in my book. Yeah, well McLeod was the cowboy. Cowboys in the city with a horse kind of guy. I think that kind of grew off of the, well, one Clint Eastwood movie. The cowboy detective who has to go to the city to find somebody. I can't remember the name. I can't read it right now. But I do remember there was a movie like that. Yeah, I just think it kind of spun off of that. Right. Well, we had Long Street. Now Long Street's a really fascinating James Franciscus as the blind detective. And what happened was he's looking for clues or something. He's in this place and oh no, there's an explosion. Boom! He loses his eyesight. But wasn't that the same thing that happened to Ironside? He's in some place looking for clues. Oh, there's an explosion. Boom! He loses use of his legs. Well, we'll use the explosion as the catalyst to create a new better detective. Exactly. Don't you think Ironside was obnoxious though? Oh, push me! I'm just like an obnoxious kind of guy. I'll get on my nerves. I'd push him down some steps anyway. There you go, yeah. Come on, let's go. Loose weight, man. I gotta push you. Of course, a lot of these shows in the early 70s and late 60s were just incredibly demeaning the blacks. Oh, true, true. I mean, Ironside had the, I turned to remember the guy's name that was just basically his, the guy who pushed him around. It's your job to push me around. I'm gonna berate you all the time. And don't make it look like it's hard to do. That's right. Detective Sergeant Ed Brown. Detective Sergeant Ed. That's right. Thank goodness he wrote this lofty position so he could push another guy around. Geez. Yeah. That's fine. Find me up for that promotion. Yeah, but I'm Longstreet. That was a good one for what I saw of it. I mean, because you've got this guy, he's blind. James Franciscus actually wore dark contact lenses. So he actually had the effect of really being blind. So that he, I mean, he really got into the character and he had the white German shepherd and he had the coolest martial arts instructor ever to hit TV. Bruce Lee. Oh yeah. Martial arts instructor. There you go. Yeah. This was like his big break after, well, after years after the Green Hornet, because he was really out there doing the martial arts things. He was a teacher and all. And then somehow they got together there and he decided, let's have Bruce Lee be the instructor on this show. This will be great. And so he did a few guest appearances there. Like it was about the second show really. Right. Where Longstreet's walking around here. Some guys jump him. And then all of a sudden you see him come flying back out of there. There's Bruce Lee's out there. And he's knocking him back, kicking him and everything. And so then he decides to, you know, take on Longstreet as a student and helps him out. It was great. Now let's see. We've got, of course, Colombo. Colombo was kind of an anomaly because it was on the NBC mystery movie. And yet there was never a mystery because in the first scenes of every Colombo, they show you not only what happened, but who did it?    Do you remember the Mad Magazine parody? My wife had stew this day. Excuse me. It was the stew, I remember. Anyway, you're the guy because there's the stain. The stew stain is right here. Do you remember the Mad Magazine parody where they called him Claude Dumbo? And that's just how I thought of it forever. But, of course, he's now come back in this new ABC mystery movie. Colombo is just like an institution. And near the end, he was, I'm sure, for the new series. But for the last few episodes of the original series, he was making big bucks.  He was an enormous figure for a television personality, like a hundred grand an episode. Which today, for is a lot of... It's almost as much as we made. Well, I mean, today for, you know, I mean, a supporting player on a mediocre sitcom can make a hundred grand without too much trouble. But then, then that was a lot of money. A lot of money to me today, but, you know, but anyways. Say you had Colombo, you had McLeod, the cowboy detective. You had McMillan's wife, the husband and wife detective. Who weren't they rich? Because it seems like the paradigm that was McMillan's wife. He was kind of rich. He wasn't like overly rich, but they were well off.   Then they just bring it back as McMillan. McMillan. Boy, those were some years later, and those kind of... Have they had like a whole four episodes of that maybe? Yeah, that just didn't work. Well, let's see some other things for the NBC Mr. Movie. You had Banachek. Yeah. George Pruppard is the Polish detective. So, and he always give like these Polish sayings and phrases. And that was basically the gimmick there. You remember? You're losing me. Well, if the gimmick is race, then Beretta had it. Right. Mr. Italian. He's an Italian, yes. And that's the name of that tune. And every woman that he ever ran into was his cousin. This is my cousin. Billy, this is my cousin. From, you know, this is my cousin. Beretta was the one I watched the most, though. It had a word. You got Beretta, but Beretta sprang from the whole Serpico thing. Yeah, Serpico and Toma. Serpico became Toma, and then Toma became Beretta. But it was Robert Blake that made it because, I don't know, I didn't take a whole lot of Toma. Took the same thing with Robert Blake, and for somehow I liked it much better. Well, it worked because he was a little, he was just a pretty much a street guy. Right. A street guy who went by his own rules, but yet he was a detective, and he got along with everybody. I mean, he's got Rooster, this pimp that helps him. He's got Billy, the old guy. The old wider street guy. Well, one needs the superintendent of the building. Yeah, he kind of lived in the building, too. And then Fred here is cockatoo. Hello. Well, at least Fred didn't, like, solve the mysteries for himself. Oh, that's true. He would go out and do the work. He'd do the footwork himself. And he would dress up like a woman sometimes. Oh, he'd dress up like anybody. But when he was a woman, it was funny, because he was just a homely woman. Kind of like when Sylvester Stallone did the woman thing in that one movie where he was a detective. That was funny. He did it twice, too. They liked it so well, they had him do it twice. Maybe he liked it so well, he had to do it twice. We won't get into that. That's why I'm going to do it once away. Well, let's see. In the mystery movie, we had ones that didn't work nearly as well, the ones that just kind of came and went, the Snoop sisters. And this wasn't just like two old ladies, kind of that kind of thing. It was kind of like Miss Marvel times, too. Right, basically. Doing the whole mystery thing. But that's less of a detective and more of just a straight mystery type show. Well, let's see. Then you kind of switch over to CBS for a lot of this stuff. Wasn't Queen Dwight involved? Didn't he do Cannon? Well, let's see here. I kind of think he did, somehow. I seem to remember that he did the whole, that he did like Cannon and Kojak. I know he did Barnaby Jones. All that whole string of them, because CBS saw that NBC was making a min-off of these shows, and so they just cranked out a bunch of their own gimmicky detectives. We had Barnaby Jones. We had Cannon. Cannon Fat. Barnaby Jones. Just plain old. Buddy Ebson, what can you do? He's getting old anyway. Let's make him a detective and an old detective. We had stuff like Switch. Gosh. Switch. Robert Conrad. No. Are you sure it wasn't William Shatner? They're interchangeable. They're interchangeable. Yeah, Robert Conrad and then William Shatner. Eddie Albert, there you go. Eddie Albert straight from Robert Wagner. Robert Wagner, Robert Conrad. What's the difference? Interchangeable. Hey, Charlie Callis. Pat. Oh, I'm sharing glass. Well, by golly, look at there. He's got all the great detective stuff. Well, I don't know. Cagney doesn't count, does it? Yeah, that's a detective show. Did it start in the 70s? I don't know, I don't think so. I still watch that on Lifetime and stuff. Well, let's see. It's like the only female show where the female detectives get out there and bust their chops. And be mothers. And date and have problems. It's wonderful. We had like the second wave of NBC stuff. They got into the David Gerber stuff. Like police woman. Detective Pepper Johnson. That's right. In the latest fashions, it's Pepper. And stuff like, oh yeah, Quincy. Oh, not like Quincy. Jack Lugman has that crusading corner. That was a fun show, though. I liked Quincy. Fun. Everyone was like, oh, he died because of this. No, he didn't. He didn't die because of that. I'm going to find out what he did. We're going to do all this testing. Oh, no, he did completely different. Do you think Quincy has given us the standard mortuary morgue scene of eating while doing the autopsies? Which you see in every chance they get. Oh, we've got a mortuary morgue kind of scene. We're going to chop some Yes, immediately. I think that's what kind of made that a standard now. In movies and everything. Let's see, we had what in Quincy, though, kind of based on a Gucci that's up here. There actually was a corner out on the west coast there for a long time. I think somewhat, but not a lot. No, it's fiction. Pure fiction. Well, we had the two well, one was much better known than the other, but we had Shaft and Tenefly, which was basically a clone of Shaft. The black detective. Yes, you've got one of my favorites there. Oh, yeah. Well, we're getting to that. So, yeah. And Shaft, the series just didn't really work as well because part of Shaft's thing was he's this street wise, he's pretty much a dirty downright detective guy. Yeah. If he's not sleeping with a woman by golly, it's just not a show. That's right. The movie's big and just couldn't do that very much on the 70s there on TV. It just wasn't done. So it was like one part of the thing they just kind of left out. They did the detective things. He got to wear the black leather. I mean, this is something that Robert Roundtree really appreciated. He liked wearing the black leather. Richard Roundtree. Did I say Robert? Richard Roundtree. Richard Roundtree. Richard, Robert, what the heck? Richard Roundtree. But anyway. Well, so we had some of the, then we went into the down and out type detectives like the Rockford files. No.  You see basically Magnum is pretty much he's a lot better off but it's still everything's like but we still have the old oh everything's going wrong and I'm getting slammed by people and hey guys. So we had that show and of course ABC went into the kind of went into the glamorous because it was the Fred Silverman era. We had to have Charlie's Angels. No. Are we really going to show them the detective? Are we going to stoop that low and call them detectives? It was a detective. They were detectives. They were bimbos. I just never really put them in a category. That's a TNA show. And again that reverberated into the 80s. With that show Partners in Crime with Lonnie Anderson and Linda Carter. Yeah. Basically the same basic concept. Although there weren't as many I mean Charlie's Angels I mean it was always three but yet you got into the part where there's like if you go back and count there's like six or seven Angels all together they lose one and get another. And that show was a lot more blatant. You know it's like there was a lot more blatant on that show the sexual content because it was like well Angels you're going to have to go to the massage parlor beauty pageant and from there to the topless bar and swimsuit factory you know and find out where those guys are you know. So we had that we had kind of like the beginning of the of the canal Stephen Jay Canal stuff like Richie Brockham and Private Eye or say right off of Rockford Files which of course began Riptide and all of the canal stuff where every stuff blows up and nobody dies shows. Like the 18. Everywhere the 18 was blowing the stuff up. The obligatory shot of the car jeep slash truck blowing up flipping over and the two guys kind of getting out and shaking their heads. What happened? Not a scratch. Good thing we had our seatbelts on. Good night those burritos. Well a couple I had a couple other ones here we had we had 1979 Big Shamus Little Shamus which is the tough guy team with the cute kid and this was I'm not I know I'm thinking the wrong actor I'm thinking Charles Durning but I know that's not right. It's Brian Dennehy Brian Dennehy. There you go Brian Dennehy and Ricky Schroeder I believe. I believe it's Ricky Schroeder. That sounds right. And then these are just kind of like miscellaneous stuff a lot of it reverberating into the 80s. Doug McKinn was the little kid. Okay Cassie and Company which was kind of a clone of police woman because it was also Andy Dickerson in the same role. We had Black's Magic, Al Linden and Harry Morgan as the father and son and the son was a famous magician and the father was a con man. Let's see. Some other stuff from the 80s. Oh cover up. Hmm. Fascinating show was the photographer and the hunky fashion model guys and this was the What year was that? This was 84-85 and had the and this was a fascinating show because this was John Eric Hexham this was a show where he was playing around with the gun that had blanks and shot himself and killed himself and then they had to have another character show up. Literally killed himself during the filming of the show. I didn't like the first time that it happened because I mean back with with it was a western show Aaliyah Smith and Jones one of them did that. So it's kind of the same kind of thing. Well it looks like we got to wrap up any closing comments. I forgot to mention 10 speed and brown shoe. I was going to go back to it. Jeff Goldblum Ann LeVar Burton Ben Vereen Ben Vereen all his life and you can't remember that. I'm sorry. We didn't mention stashkin hat either. I thought it was more police than detective. They learned to take this though. What about Kotec? Oh jeez. We just lost a whole bunch. We may have to have a second show. Who loves you baby? Who loves you baby? Who loves you baby? Next time on Vast Wasteland if we don't do a continuation of this maybe we will. We got to show on commercials of the 60's and 70's. So I hope you enjoy that. We got to take our marvelous crew of Brad and Giles because we don't have a chiron for this week. Sorry. For all of us here at Vast Wasteland we'll see you next time with commercials or something else. We don't know. Good night everybody.


Personal Finance PowerPoint Presentation Large purchase of something such as a car, resolving consumer complaints. Get ready to get personally fit by practicing personal finance. Remember that we could break out our financial decisions generally into short-term decisions and long-term decisions. The short-term decisions we can usually get better and better at through a tinkering or trial and error type of method so that we can train our habits to fine-tune and hone down our habits, training our guts so we can trust our gut for the day-to-day decisions without having to go through as formal a decision-making process every time. When you're talking about the long-term types of decisions, you usually have to follow the adage of measure twice and cut once because we can't have that tinkering type of method, that trial and error method so we typically want a more formal type of process to come up to a more reasoned decision-making process here. It's usually worth our time to do so because it's going to have an impact for multiple periods into the future. So we broke out the decision-making process into those larger components or for those larger decisions into four categories. We've been talking about the pre-shopping activities, number two, the evaluating activities, number three, determining the purchase price and number four, the post-purchase activities. Now we talked about the situation of what if we have complaints? Note, when we think about these short-term and long-term decisions, when we have complaints, the first thing I would suggest that we would want to do is try to determine what we would like the resolution for the complaint to be because our gut reaction for all of us is when we feel like we've been wronged in some way, if we've been promised something by a business, goods and service up to a quality of standard and they're not at that quality of standard, then we typically just react and say, hey, look, this isn't right. You're not giving me what you promised to give me and so on. But when we do that, we often don't have in mind what we actually want as a resolution. What could they do at this point in time to resolve the problem? Because obviously, if there was a deterioration or the service or goods were not up to par, that has already happened at this point in time. So we've got to take a step back and say, okay, this didn't live up to what it should be living up to. I think the company does not live up to their promise. And now what do I want at this point in time in going forward with the compensation? And then we can kind of think that through so that we can talk to. And we're continuing on with number four, the post purchase activities. Thinking of the event where we have a complaint and event where the goods and services provided to us, we believe are below par, we're below what the promise was when we made the purchase. And that event, I would recommend the first thing we want to do is take a step back and think about where the goods and services really below the par. And then two, if they were, what are our recourse options? And then when we decide to look into our recourse options, we want to know what the desired result would be, which would make us happy. What are we aiming for at this point in time? Because we can't reverse the fact that the goods and services were below the expectations. And that seems obvious, but in practice, people, we often don't do this. Everybody basically just kind of reacts by gut and they say, hey, look, you gave me something that you promised one thing. You gave me something that wasn't up to par. And so therefore you lied to me and I'm just an upset about that. And you go back and just basically in a state of upsetness, but you're not really in a state where you can actually remedy the situation in that case. You'd have to think about, well, what do you actually want at this point in time? This kind of reminds me of one time when I was going to school, I worked at a cafe and happened to be the supervisor at this point in time. I had the gold name badge and everything. And someone at the grill had given someone who ordered a veggie burger, a chicken burger.  And they hadn't eaten meat for like five years, so they were quite upset, which I can totally understand. But of course, at that point in time, when you're looking for the recourse, then the question is what can we do at this point in time in order to remedy the problem? Because obviously we can't change the clock. We can't go back and change what happened. We could recognize that the order was wrong. We can recognize that the service wasn't up to par. We could take steps to improve the service. We can give another burger at this point in time. We can give you two veggie burgers. We can give you veggie burgers unlimited for the next week or something like that. We can basically, but we can't really turn back the clock. And that's often kind of the case. And obviously if it's something that happens that you immediately are receiving something, then you're going to have that kind of emotional response and say, hey, something was wrong with this. You didn't give me the right service and I'm upset and that's understandable. But again, if we want the actual action to be taken at that point in time, it would be better for us to say, what am I looking for now? And then try to gear our response towards what we want at this point in time. And we also kind of would like to measure that with regards to or in relation to, you know, how big a deal this problem is to us personally. Meaning if we're talking about a small purchase item, can we just stop doing business? Would that be sufficient? Or if it was a large item, then possibly it's going to be something that would warrant more recourse. Or if it's something that you do feel that you should say something about the company and the service of the company, then what's your recourse in those cases? So in the case where they got a chicken burger instead of a veggie burger, do you want to go online and put bad reviews up or something like that? Possibly to say, hey, look, these people aren't careful or something like that. That's a kind of recourse that you can take. In that case, it just kind of depends how important it is to you. But we want to basically think about what can I do at this point in time, of course, going forward. So step one, we typically want to become rational goal oriented rather than emotional oriented approach. So that when we do ask for something, we know what we're asking for, which is, again, not easiest thing to do. Number two, check for contact option on the company website so we can try to see how to get in contact with them. So we might want to, you know, go to their website and talk to someone. When you talk to someone, it would be useful if you could get a hold of someone that actually has authority in the situation. So like in the case, in our case, they could have talked to me, but I'm the supervisor on staff, but I don't have the capacity to like fire anyone. I don't have the capacity to make policy changes at that time or anything like that. But obviously there are managers that you might want to try to get a hold of someone higher up that actually has decision making processes. So I come back the next morning, you could talk to the management at that point and you could work out your problems at that point. So you might want to look into kind of a hierarchy. Who are you talking to within the organization? If you're talking to someone that doesn't have much control over things, then you're probably not going to get much more than venting to someone that really doesn't have any control over what's going on. And what you'd like to do is try to get to someone that they can actually make a difference or put some remedy in place. So you also have the Better Business Bureau. The BBB provides pre-purchase information. You can file a complaint with them. Mediation involves third party negotiating, non-binding, arbitration decision is binding, state consumer protection or office or agencies. So you can look into them for recourse as well. And then number four, you always have the legal action as Americans. We could sue anyone for any time we want. And sometimes there's a reason why we have that capacity, but it's not the first go-to we would probably want to do because oftentimes the suing of someone costs a lot in time and effort, even if we get money about it. So it's something that we always want to have there. It's like, to me, it's kind of like having the arms race, right? I've got the capacity to sue someone. I don't want to use it, but it's, you know, I've got it there. So we got the small claims course, the class action suits, and then other legal alternatives, legal aid societies and prepaid legal services that you could participate in possibly so that you have that capacity. Talking about alternative dispute resolution, the ADR, this information, most of it can be found in Investopedia. You can find online. This is by Daniel Liberto and it was updated July 26, 2021. You can go there for more references and continue your research if you're interested further in that. So what is alternative dispute resolution? The ADR, alternative dispute resolution ADR is in an insurance sense, a number of dispute processes used by companies to resolve claims and contractual disputes. So they're going to kind of set this process in place so that there is a process to go through the dispute resolution as opposed to possibly the more expensive kind of legal routes. So it could be a benefit for both sides because as we know, with many full, full scale lawsuits, the big winner is, of course, the lawyers. So insured clients who are denied a claim or offered this course of action as a form of recourse. It is employed to avoid expensive and time consuming litigation and arbitration. How alternative dispute resolution ADR works, alternative dispute resolution ADR is designed to settle disputes outside of the courtroom with the help of an impartial third party. So it's kind of similar to a court kind of situation, but what you're looking for is a less tedious, less expensive kind of situation where you get a third party that can act as the arbitrator to help you with your dispute resolution. Clearly that third party needs to be independent so they can have an interest in one side or the other so that you can both have some trust in that person's decisions to be kind of a neutral and fair one. So this pass is generally accessible after efforts between the client and the insurer to resolve any differences between themselves, fails and reaches and impasse. Many insurance policies contained mandatory alternative dispute resolutions ADR clauses depending on the state. So when you go into certain contracts talking insurance here but certain contracts, they might have these clause for the ADR as the method that you would prefer in the event that there's a problem in the event that there's a dispute in an attempt to make it easier as opposed to going through the more costly routes. So the two most common forms of alternative dispute resolution are a mediation and independent third party steps in to try and find a way for the insured and the insurer to agree on a mutually acceptable outcome. The mediator is not called upon to decide who is right but rather to add structure to communication between the disputing parties so they can hopefully eventually reach a resolution between themselves. So it's kind of like you got the mediator now which is hopefully going to kind of guide the conversation with that third party media. Then we have the arbitration, a neutral independent party called an arbitrator listens to arguments from both sides, collects evidence and then decides on the outcome of the dispute. So you got more of a heavy handed kind of thing with that third party similar to court ruling. So now you've got the third party that has a little bit more, you know, a good deal more power in this arbitration can either be non binding or binding. The latter means the decision is final and enforceable. So if it's a binding decision, it's going to be enforceable. So those terms non binding binding can be of course important. Well, the former implies that the arbitrator is ruling as advisory and only set in stone if both parties agree to it. The advantages and disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution ADR, alternative dispute resolution ADR is billed as time and money savings for customers. Civil suits are expensive to pursue and if you can get an attorney to take your case on a contingency basis, you'll typically give up at least a third of the money you are awarded. So in other words, if you have to actually hire a lawyer, that's going to be an expensive process. You might be able to hire a lawyer and they're going to basically just take a piece of the winnings if there are winnings. But that piece is often going to be quite high because they're taking on a pretty big risk in that case. So then again, expensive who wins in these cases. You know, the lawyer wins and it also leads to situations where if you're talking about two parties that are somewhat related if you do business with this other person quite often. The lawyer doesn't really have a lot of incentive oftentimes to preserve the long term relationship. They're just trying to annihilate in the immediate so they win the case and they can get their piece of it. So sometimes there's other factors that might be involved other than just winning a particular case. And that's why arbitration could be an easier way to go sometimes. The alternative dispute resolution ADR doesn't always deliver on its promise though. Sometimes this path can be just as expensive and stressful as the litigation journey it's supposed to replace, especially when a substantial and complex claim is under dispute and there are widely different views on how the facts are interpreted. Mandatory arbitration is only as good as the mediator or mediators who hear the case. Clearly if you're talking about arbitration and you've got a bad mediator, if you've got someone that the two people do not trust, then they're not going to trust the arbitrator, they're not going to trust the third party, it's probably not going to go too well. So many mediators come from the insurance industry, so they may be a built-in tilt toward the insurance point of view. So clearly if it's kind of a structured on the business side of things and the consumer doesn't really understand the process and it looks like the mediator was assigned on the business side of things, they can feel skeptical going in. So they might interpret clauses in the policy by the norms and standards of the industry, which could be quite different from what a policyholder or typical consumer might read into a clause. Because alternative dispute resolution ADR is not always straightforward, aggrieved parties are advised to first exhaust all appeals within the insurance company and or hire a public adjuster to represent them before considering dispute resolution. Public adjusters investigate insurance claims and then make their own assessment of the case with a report. You can then submit to your insurance company, they are paid on a commission too, meaning you only have to pay them if your complaint is successful. So now we're going to take a look at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the CFPB, which you might look into for recourse in certain situations. Again, we're looking at Investopedia so you can check them out for more detail. This is by Jim Prabasco and it was updated September 27, 2021. So what is the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the CFPB? The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is a regulatory agency charged with overseeing financial products and services that are offered to consumers. The CFBP is divided into several units, research, community affairs, consumer complaints, the Office of Fair Lending and the Office of Financial Opportunity. These units work together to protect and educate consumers about the various types of financial products and services that are available. Understanding the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the CFBP, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was created by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. The CFPB is headed by a Chief who is appointed by the President for a five-year term. The Bureau is also assessed by the Consumer Advisory Council, which is composed of at least six members who are recommended by the Regional Federal Reserve President. Specifically, the CFPB helps consumer finance markets work more efficiently by providing rules, enforcing those rules and empowering consumers to take control of their personal financial lives. The CFPB works to educate and inform consumers against abusive financial practices, supervise banks and other financial institutions, and study data to better understand consumer and financial markets they participate in. Special considerations. The overall aim of the CFPB is to facilitate the development of the consumer finance market. Through this, consumers have access to transparent financial prices and risks and become aware of deceptive and abusive financial practices. The CFPB breaks down this high-level aim into four very specific strategic goals. The first goal is to prevent financial harm to consumers while promoting good financial practices. The second goal is to empower consumers to live better economic lives. The third goal is to inform the public and policymakers with data-driven analytical insights. The fourth and final goal is to further advance the CFPB's overall impact of maximizing resource productivity. How the CFPB helps? In addition to these high-level goals, the CFPB also provides financial guidance for private individuals. Student financial guides are provided for parents and students who will have to pay for college. These guides allow people to compare financial aid available on the market. For those who are far past college, the CFPB provides information resources on retirement planning. The organization can help with social security benefits and provides tips specific to the retirement situation of the individual. Finally, the CFPB can help private individuals with homeownership. The CFPB website provides consumers with interest rate information, monthly payment worksheets, and a loan comparison tool. For those consumers who need mortgage help, the CFPB provides advice on financial hardship. Finally, the CFPB's mission is to protect consumers including a complaint system available to the public. These are the steps consumers can take. So anytime you have these kind of complaint components, then those can be used as a tool when you're talking to people if they're subject to some of these regulatory agencies and so on. As well as just the non kind of regulatory agencies such as the online rating systems and so on. That does have a significant impact on businesses these days. So number one, the process begins when you file a complaint which you can do through the CFPB or another agency. The CFPB process urges you to study the complaint process ahead of time to avoid misunderstanding about how the system works. Number two, the CFPB forwards your complaint to the company you complained about and attempts to get a response from it. Sometimes another government agency is enlisted to help. Number three, within 15 days, 60 on rare occasions, the company is expected to report back on any steps taken or planned to address the issues in your complaint. This includes communication with you by the company as required. Number four, your complaint is published in the CFPB consumer complaint database along with a description of what happens after the complaint was filed. Your personal information is removed before publication. So you're not going to be putting your personal information. Number five, the CFPB will let you know when the company responds, let you review that response and give you 60 days to provide feedback. So now we want to take a look at the class action. So this again from Investopedia this time by Adam Hayes and it was updated August 25th, 2021. So we're looking class action. What is a class action? A class action is a legal proceeding in which one or several plaintiffs bring a lawsuit on behalf of a larger group known as the class. So in other words, oftentimes it's not beneficial for you as one individual that was harmed by a company to sue the company, but possibly you could have a class action suit where if you were to compile these things together, then there might be enough to basically take action, actual kind of legal action at that case. And that's going to be like the class action types of things. And that often happens. And you might consider that to happen more likely when you have these smaller things that happen where like if you if something happens and you're saying, okay, something wasn't up to par. I'm just not going to do business with them. I lost my money there. I did business with a bad, you know, a bad thing. I'm going to move and move forward and not do business with them going forward.  But you there should be recourse for two reasons, one, that you want to get recourse personally and two, to take some action against the company itself that might be taking advantage of people through misinformation. I think this is less difficult or less easy for companies to do these days because of all the online resources and people giving the online reviews and sharing their experiences. So it's a lot more difficult for companies in some ways to deceive people at least for a long period of time. You know, you still got those short term kind of things that can happen. But if a company's been in business for a long time and they're doing deceptive kind of things, then the online tools that are there to manage that might be more powerful these days than the class action suit. But the class action suit is there. So the judgment or settlement agreed to a rise from the suit covers all members of the group or class where penalties paid by the defendant are divided up among the class members.  So understanding a class action that the class represented in a class action lawsuit might consist of groups such as employees, consumers, investors or patients. Lawsuits are designated or certified by the court with jurisdiction as class action. If they meet certain criteria spelled out in a legal rule known as Rule 23, the criteria include the existence of a sizable group of people with similar claims or common interest and must specify the class, class claims, issues or defenses and must appoint the class counsel.


Hi, my name is Tracy Takahame-Spinoza and this is a brief recording to explain the status of unified the platform to link teachers and researchers. In June 2018, we created Unified with a small group of 11 very dedicated teachers and researchers within educational neuroscience, mind-brain and education science that met at an early conference in London. The basic concept of the platform is to unify. Teachers interested in sharing their individual students in classrooms or schools as research labs for people conducting studies within the learning sciences that have to do with the teaching learning dynamic. For those of you interested in looking at the platform itself, please go to Unifiededu.org and if you'd like to read a bit more about the history and where this came from and the basic core concept and need that's been identified, please go to the mind-brain and education journal and 2019 issue in which we explain the background and the initial design of the platform. The Unified web-based platform was designed pretty much in a very simple way to broker relationships between teachers and researchers. People create their profiles. They insert keywords related to their areas of interest and the system links them based on shared keywords. The basic design of the platform has been tweaked back and forth to a stage where we now feel comfortable launching it out to the public. But we decided to meet to talk about the real home or the next steps for the unified platform. And so a small subgroup of unified members met with Luciano Sid, who leads the Special Interest Group for AERA on Brain Neuroscience and Education, and Stefan Vogel and Dieter Scholle from the early SIG Group 22 also related to Neuroscience and Education. The objective of this January 2022 meeting was to put a finger in the pulse of continual need, which remains high in trying to bridge the divide between classrooms and laboratories, as well as discuss the best ways of putting this platform out into the public in a way that would reach and serve the needs of both educators as well as other learning scientists. So Michael Hobbes began by introducing and giving a background on the unified platform and then Jessica, Michael and I talked a little bit about where we are as far as the platform is concerned right now. The ongoing maintenance and the finances that have been invested so far into the program. We celebrate this. I celebrate this as one of the first South-North cooperation says all of the initial seed money came from Latin America. The main discussion then turned to the utility of the platform and it was very exciting to hear from the ARA and early members about the great needs. They saw this platform actually responding to. Different people shared their insights as to what teachers are really looking for and these types of relationships and what researchers are really looking for. And this naturally led to a deeper discussion of the role of Unify. Should this small working group, which began as a structure basically to broker others' relationships, somehow have an ethical responsibility to judge the information that was coming through there. That is, is there a role for the unified platform in also educating and helping teachers and neuroscientists co-construct research that benefits the learning sciences. So these larger discussions sort of opened up a lot of different avenues for development of the platform, but they were not decided upon. They were just simply framed as being key ideas that could be used to move the platform to its next stage of development. There were some very concrete suggestions from the members from early about how unified may very well be the missing link between formal university lab structures and the reality of true classrooms. We also discussed many of the other organizations that are out there that are doing very similar efforts to try to link different types of learning scientists, ranging from educators to neuroscientists to people in the educational psychology field. And specifically, Imbus and G. Solan were discussed at length about ways that their audiences, that their membership would benefit from the services of Unified. So we left the meeting with two main questions on the table, which we'd love to involve you in. The first is whether or not Unified should take on a greater role in terms of guidance. Should it offer basic research skills to teachers and basic teaching practices to neuroscientists? Or is it simply meant to link people and be nothing more than, you know, basically a speed dating structure to get teachers who are interested in more information about the brain and how it learns and other scientists who are looking into these issues into their classrooms? Or do we have what many were pushing as perhaps a responsibility? To fill in a gap of helping guide better knowledge construction through better instruction of research practices, which fundamentally got to the question of whether or not both groups, teachers and neuroscientists had the skill sets of the other or a sufficient level of those skill sets to be able to co construct research together. And then the second question on the table was related to the platform itself. What would be its best home? Right now, it is not linked to any specific university or organization, but might there be a better home for the platform that would be more visible to people who would really benefit from it? So we close the meeting by talking about additional people who should be brought into the conversation, you among some. And so we hope that we have the opportunity in the near future to continue this conversation, to talk about ways that Unified might facilitate some of the current objectives that you already have for your organization. Thanks a lot and looking forward to talking to you soon.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazzy's case breaks.com coming at you a 2016 elite football Panini elite football hangar box edition Random team break number one with a chance to win ten spots in that football mixer which week. I think we can do tonight Big thanks to all of these folks right here. There are the Teams right there. Let's roll and randomize it 402 six times just one James six times for each list There's only three total two three four And sixth and final time after six we got ben down to matthew. As always we do the break itself first And then six times for the teams Giants down to browns All right, i'm not going to read off all these names right here. Got to preserve the old voice for the big mixers Hopefully but there's everyone right here I mean basically who has Cincinnati, right? You know and who has miami right? There you go, ryan and will good luck. All right, let's sort by column b And let's print and rip really the whole point of this to give away those 10 mixer spots. All right Good, how do I get how do I get in there? Oh, is there like a little? I don't know. I don't know what's going on Because I just have to open it like the halt so I would open it from the bottom It's like quart knocks There you go. I'm sure there was an easier way to do it, but What are you gonna do? All right, here we go. There's It's been a long week folks I got game face. There's this game face emet smith And there's tyler boyd rookie. Oh, what year is this? This is 2019 this is I don't know what year this is It's 2016 I don't know why I wrote 2020. Well, I mentioned since nanny earlier Guess what ryan redmond?  All right Fixed it fixed the title right there Ryan down to ryan. Let's get him into this list right here. Let's roll it and randomize it top 10 after seven Right, I just want to make this is the important part. I have to get right seven Top 10 hard knocks mixer one two three four five six And seven then final time after seven From 11 down to 32. Thanks We have to do one more of these to unlock the football mixer So if you feel like trying again jaspyscasebreak.com Congrats to chris ryan matt ryan chris chris Matthew greg greg joel There you go Congrats to all of you. We'll put uh, I guess we'll put elite One next to your name so you know that you want it in this particular Hangar box break. I'm joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. Congrats to the winners. Thank you everyone else. We'll see you next time for the next break. Bye


So, up until this point, we have not made any claims about the uniqueness of this best approximation. But now it turns out that if you have some best approximation of a vector v in v on the subspace u, then there can be no other that also gives you the same best approximation. So, the best approximation is unique, okay, that is what we are going to try and show now. So, in layman's terms, this is how we are going to write it down. Of course, the setup is again u sitting inside the vector space v which is an inner product space and you have v belonging to the vector space v and say suppose u1 and u2 belonging to u are both best approximations of v in u, all right. So, what we will end up with is of course, again by now you will see the familiar pattern. This is v minus u2 plus u2 minus u1 squared.  What is u2 minus u1? Where does it come from? u of course, because u1 and u2 come from u, so u2 minus u1 must also come from u. I mean, I am going to just use that same thing that I have just developed. So, what is this? v minus u2 inner width v minus u2 which is v minus u2 the norm squared and v minus u2 inner width this, what should that be? Look, both u1 and u2 are claiming to be best approximations, so that v minus u1 must be orthogonal to every vector in u, v minus u2 should also be orthogonal to every vector in u and u2 minus u1 is exactly one such vector in u. So, therefore, it must be orthogonal to v minus u1 as well as v minus u2. So, the inner width this and this vanishes, the inner of this and this vanishes. The only thing that remains is the inner of u2 minus u1 with itself which is nothing but the square of the norm of u2 minus u1. But now, if this and this are equal, so they are both at both best approximations that simply means that the norm of v minus u1 must equal the norm of v minus u2, so then what is left to prove nothing essentially. This must equal this, so what you must have is u2 minus u1 is equal to 0, but when can the norm vanish only when the argument inside it is 0 which means u2 is equal to u1. So, hereafter we shall not only talk about a best approximation of a vector, but the best approximation rather because whenever we are talking about the best approximation it is the unique best approximation and nothing but that one ok. So, it is a unique the best approximation, no we have not we have not. So, we are assuming that the best approximation suppose it exists, if it does exist it must be unique. We will only show that which is our next result when the subspace u that you have chosen is finite dimensional. So, remember I am not assuming that v is finite dimensional v can be an infinite dimensional subspace, but if I assume that u is a finite dimensional subspace then it is guaranteed. So, by no chance by no means am I saying that if you have a finite if you have an infinite dimensional subspace you will not have a best approximation, but if you have a finite dimensional subspace of an inner product space then there is always a best approximation of any vector in this vector space v on the finite dimensional subspace u. So, that is exactly our next result. So, all throughout this I have assumed that if I mean if the fact that the search is not futile. So, if that does exist a best approximation that is a standing assumption, but when we assume or when we have u as a finite dimensional vector space then we do not need to assume it anymore it is guaranteed to exist. So, had I not written just remind me in the before stating the first result did I not write suppose v has a best approximation v hat because that is a supposition. You have to suppose that u is sitting inside v and there is indeed I mean you cannot by default assume that I mean you cannot by default just take it for granted you have to assume you cannot take it for granted that there is a best approximation you have to assume that there exists a best approximation and in that case the search will lead you to finding the best approximation if you apply that condition that is orthogonality of the error vector right. So, next again u is sitting inside v which is an inner product space and suppose u is finite dimensional vector space in its own right all right. Then for every v in v there exists v hat belonging to u such that v hat is the best approximation of v in and it is going to be quite straight forward we are going to bring our old friend the Gram-Schmidt procedure back and invoke it right. So, if u is finite dimensional and it is a subspace of an inner product space what can we say about a basis first that the basis will be finite and that I can always apply the Gram-Schmidt procedure on any basis because the basis is a linearly independent set and turn it into an orthonormal set of vectors which are linearly independent because they would not contain a 0 vector right. So, by Gram-Schmidt procedure there exists b equal to say u 1 u 2 till u k such that b is an orthonormal basis for u of course the dimension of u is then k right. So, look at v hat given by the inner product of v with u i times u i summed over i running from 1 through k right. So, orthonormal remember which means that the norms of each of these vectors is unity. So, they have been all normalized right ok. So, my claim obviously is going to be that this is the best approximation of v in the subspace u finite dimensional subspace u. So, how should we prove that what is the way to go about it we will use the equivalence condition that v minus v hat should be orthogonal to every vector in u. But do I need to actually show it for every vector in u if I just show that v minus v hat is orthogonal to every member in the basis in some basis precisely I am going to use this basis here, but any basis would have worked if I am able to show that v minus v hat is orthogonal to just k of these fellows in the basis set then it is orthogonal to every vector because every vector is after all a linear combination of the fellows in the basis. So, individually component by component term by term they would vanish any arbitrary vector in u can be written as summation alpha i u i i running from 1 through k.   So, that is inner product of v with u i what about the second term when I take the inner product of this term with this that is just this much with this what is going to be picked out maybe I should use a different notation I should use u r yeah otherwise it creates a bit of confusion. So, this is also u r ok. So, of course, let us say r belongs to the set 1 2 till k some arbitrary r index right. So, when I take the inner product of this underbraced term here with u r what is the result remember the orthonormality assumption I have had on this set b. So, what happens to this what happens for any i not equal to r inner product of u i with u r 0. So, the only term that survives is just u r with itself, but u r is a unit norm vector. So, what survives is basically the norm of u r squared which is 1 in other words what survives is just the inner product of v with u r everything else vanishes. So, this is nothing, but the inner product of v with u r do I have to write the down open that up or it is clear please ask if it is not what I am saying is I am going to open this term up and take the inner product of v with u 1 and u 1 with u r unless r is equal to 1 that is 0 then u 2 with u r unless r is equal to 2 it is 0 until I hit upon r is equal to the requisite index here only that will survive and then the inner product of u r with itself because of the orthonormality assumption is nothing, but the norm of u r squared which is 1. So, whether I write it or not matters not only term that survives is the sum and this coefficient here which is inner of v with u r, but this is of course 0 as I required to prove I was required to prove rather yeah. So, this then proves what that in a finite dimensional subspace of an inner product space there is always a best approximation and this has profound implications very profound implications. So, if you take the subspace of polynomials for instance it is not finite dimensional if I restrict the polynomials to some degree then it becomes a finite dimensional vector space. So, what this says is that if I give you a very higher degree polynomial and ask you to approximate it to a lower degree polynomial there is always a best approximation in general let us say I mean I have not said that v has to be infinite dimension. So, let us say v is some vector space of 12th degree polynomials all right and I am not comfortable dealing with 13 coefficients 12th degree polynomial will have 13 coefficients yeah I want to deal with fewer variables. So, I want to deal with 4 which means cubic polynomials. So, the best approximation of a 12th degree polynomial by a cubic polynomial will exist provided you have a sufficiently well defined inner product right. So, in the sense of that inner product it there will be induced a norm and in the sense of that norm now you can talk about the best approximation right. So, you can stretch your imagination to all those abstract inner product spaces we had discussed in the first class when we talked about inner products and think about finite dimensional subspaces sitting inside some vector space and take any arbitrary vector in the vector space and think of its best approximation. So, when you do curve fitting this is exactly what you do you do not really know right the exact nature of a curve. So, you have certain data points you are you trying to fit a trajectory let us say you are given some coordinates x and y coordinates all right x and y coordinates of the trajectory of some vehicle vehicle or a football or a cricket ball or whatever and you are asked to fit it in a curve. So, if you have 20 points and if you want to do a polynomial fitting you can fit it as a 19th degree polynomial, but look the actual trajectory need not necessarily even be a you know a polynomial right. It can be some very complicated function some hyperbolic function some catenary equation something whatever who knows what you know you have these power systems in power systems if you have done in electrical engineering there are these cables that hang they have the equation of a catenary some hyperbolic terms that come in right. Now, if you want to do a polynomial approximation of that and you want to do a parabolic approximation. So, that is basically a wider class of functions the space of those functions is infinite dimensional, but as long as you have an inner product that is well defined in that space of functions with respect to that inner product if you now go about seeking out what is orthogonality and find out the best possible approximation right. If the parabola also happens to fit in to that class of functions then the parabola is definitely a subspace. This is a set of all parabolas let us say it is a subspace over the entire space of all those suitably chosen functions right. So, you want to get a best parabolic approximation of some function you can go ahead and do that. So, this is very profound implications in fact, I would say followed by the I mean sorry not followed by I think preceded in importance by the part on eigenvalues and eigenvectors which are very important for dynamical systems. This part of our syllabus where we talk about inner products has the greatest amount of applications coming up in various spheres right and that is mainly because of this inner product the definition and the best approximation optimization problems and whatever you have got right you can always talk about these sort of things you can talk about the kind of error and you can see that the greater the number of terms that you take often times you will see that the error gets smaller and smaller. So, it is always a trade of like to what degree of approximation you will go whether you will approximate to a higher degree polynomial then of course you have to fit in more data you have to invest more computational resources if you take a lower degree approximation then of course you are compromising with the error right. So, this has very profound implications we will try to talk about certain applications of inner product spaces after we have covered every part of the theory that is there. So, that will take us to our next result which is we are going to talk about no it is sufficient it turns out these are Hilbert spaces and they are closed. So, closed Hilbert spaces you will always be able to do this. So, finite dimensional spaces are always closed. So, you will always be able to find a best approximation we will we will talk a little in fact I had planned to talk about it a bit, but of course not in the language of closed spaces and all, but we will show you some examples at least to motivate because the next part will exactly talk about that and you will see some similarities with what we have discussed earlier although the language we use there was different. So, suppose you have a set ok suppose you have a set. So, this is a subset not a vector space this is an inner product space. So, of course a vector space, but S is a subset let us say S is equal to some S 1 S 2 till some S k. So, then we define this object called the orthogonal complement of S in the following manner. So, this is called the orthogonal complement. Now notice that I am not required to choose an S that is a subspace, but if I do choose a subspace that is also fine a subset can be a subspace right. I mean every subspace is after all a subset right, but not every subset is a subspace. So, I am not restricting my choice to just subspaces, but to subsets of the vector space. The point is that irrespective of whether S is a subspace or not S perp that is the orthogonal complement of S is always a subspace right. The claim is that S perp is a subspace and again it is not very hard to see why you know the test for subspace we have discussed many moons back when we chose suppose S bar 1 S bar 2 belong to S perp consider alpha S 1 bar plus S 2 bar the inner product with S for some S in S. So, again because of linearity of course alpha is coming from the field either real or complex yeah again in this domain of inner products always field is real or complex right. So, this means so alpha S 1 bar plus S 2 bar inner product with S is equal to alpha inner product S 1 bar with S plus S 2 bar with S, but what do we know about these 2? If S 1 and S 2 are individually members of S perp then these individual fellows must vanish. So, this is 0 as is this. So, therefore, this is 0. So, I chose an arbitrary object as alpha S 1 bar plus S 2 bar in S perp and I found out that it also belongs to sorry I chose this fellow alpha S 1 bar and S 2 bar and I found out this fellow I did not choose it necessarily in S perp I did not know whether it belonged I was testing and I found that indeed it satisfies the conditions for belonging to S perp which is the test for a subspace. So, therefore, even if S is not a subspace S perp is definitely a subspace which brings us to the next question the curious object called S perp perp what can we say about this we wonder see one of the things we can definitely say without fail is that S is contained inside this is a double orthogonal complement. So, anything that belongs to double orthogonal complement what does it mean? This is a collection of all vectors which are orthogonal to S perp that means vectors in S are definitely going to be part of that, but suppose let us stretch our imagination a bit of course, at this point it is not even fair to compare these because this can be a set and this is always a subspace once you have taken an orthogonal complementation it is always a already a subspace now you take another orthogonal complementation it continues to remain a subspace. So, at this point it is not fair to compare them. So, in order to be fair in our comparison let us start with some S which is a subspace in that case we can pose the question as to whether there is any chance of equality in these two. So, what do you think should they be equal? What sort of restrictions? That is what we should try and answer.  No that is no let us just not assume that S is a subset let us give it let us concede that S is a subset now I mean sorry subspace now. So, you do not have to take the span to cook up our subspace let us just give it let us concede that S is now a subspace. So, that we are not comparing two different types of objects altogether in that case it makes sense to ask because this is a subspace this is a subspace and this containment is as we have claimed is true, but the opposite the reverse containment the converse is that also going to be true is what we are trying to investigate. So, let us look at an example to sort of understand and from there we will not really prove this, but we will try to sort of provoke this question in your minds. So, consider V IPS inner product space to be the vector space of polynomials remember I am not restricting the degree of polynomials. So, this is an infinite dimensional vector space ok. So, this is a vector space of polynomials and consider u to be defined in this manner f belonging to V such that f of 1 is equal to 0 is this a subspace of course it is take any two polynomials which have a root at 1 there some of those two resultant polynomial resultant some of those two polynomials will also have a root at 1 scale them the root remains invariant yeah. So, this is of course a subspace what do you think is the orthogonal complement of this ok very good question yeah thank you for asking that question. So, the inner product is we will define it in this manner summation a i b i i going from 1 through m where m is equal to minimum of the degree of f 1 comma f 2 where of course f 1 is equal to summation a i x to the i i going from 0 to some m 1 and f 2 x is equal to summation i is equal to 0 to let us say m 2 b i x to the i. So, let us say one is a tenth degree polynomial the other is a seventh degree polynomial you take only up to the coefficient of the seventh degree the first eight terms starting from the constant term and you take their products that is the inner product yeah I should have mentioned it already I thought it was like you know very analogous to the Euclidean space, but yeah you do need to mention it because now you have different sizes possible right. So, what do you think is this object going to be I am saying only the zero polynomial and nothing but that it is only the zero polynomial check that when you are saying that this what does it mean to say this you are basically plugging in x is equal to 1 and you are going to say this is a 1 a 0 plus a 1 plus a 2 plus dot dot dot till a k whatever it is is equal to 0. So, you might think that hang on let me just take 1 plus x plus x square plus x cubed, but you have to truncate it or terminate it at certain point otherwise it fails to be a polynomial. The moment you terminate it I will come up with a higher degree polynomial for which it fails to be the requisite vector whose inner product is 0. So, you can keep on you will see that if you go about it that via that route where you choose 1 plus x plus x square plus x cubed will be like an infinite series it is not a polynomial anymore. So, among the polynomials the only fellow that sort of pulverizes this in the term of terms of the inner product is just the zero polynomial and nothing else. So, this is just going to be the zero polynomial of course. So, I should specify this this is 0. This means that polynomials such as a 0 plus a 1 plus dot dot dot till say a 25. So, you take a 25th degree polynomial this is 0 right if something belongs if a 25th degree polynomial belongs to you then this must be true. So, you might think hang on. So, let me choose 1 plus x plus dot dot dot till x to the 25 this polynomials inner product with this will be 0. So, you might think it is not just the trivial polynomial, but there is this non-trivial polynomial also whose inner product with this vanishes, but then if I choose this to be 26 degree then this will no longer satisfy the condition. Now you increase by 21 to 26. So, the more you increase this I will keep increasing this by 1. So, until you expand all possibilities and take this to countable infinity you will not be able to cover, but the polynomial or so called with an abuse of notation the polynomial of degree countable infinity is not really a polynomial right. So, it is not a polynomial it is then a series and that does not belong to V at all. So, forget about it being in the orthogonal complement. So, the only polynomial with whom if you take the inner product of fellows such as this that the inner product will be 0 is a 0 polynomial right. So, therefore, u perp is a 0 polynomial then what is u double perp I mean this is very this is a very generic result. If you have the 0 of any vector space an inner product space what is the orthogonal complement of 0 every vector is in its orthogonal complement. So, this is exactly equal to the entirety of V and look you can already see V is obviously going to contain you, but V is also bigger than you. So, in general this equality you cannot expect this containment is the best you can expect only when you are dealing with finite dimensional vector spaces that is if this V that you start with is finite dimensional then you can definitely assure and you will see that through something called projection maps we will see that when you have this finite dimensions then you can say that the double orthogonal complement gives you back the same as the original. So, I would just end this part with one reminder remember this double dual we spoke about then the double dual unless it was finite dimensional yeah there is this isomorphism did not hold I told you about that right the double dual is bigger than the original vector space. So, the double orthogonal complement is in general bigger or contains the original vector space only in case of finite dimensional vector spaces can you say that they are one in the same right. So, not just isomorphic, but they are just the same. So, that is just just a little quick comment okay. So, yeah.


Those two scents are some of my favorite scents of all time. What's up guys, it's Josh here. I really wanted to do a top five or an overview of central obsessions. They're a very affordable fragrance house that has very, very high quality juice. They really deserve a full breakdown of what I think of each one. However, this one stands out a lot more to me. I think it's well deserving of a full review. And it's probably my favorite original creation from central obsessions. And that is lime in the sky. Now, what is lime in the sky smell like? It smells like two popular niche fragrances. A lot of people are going to have tried them. And a lot of people probably have not tried them. It smells like backer at Rouge 540 mixed with Virgin Island water. Now, it's probably, for my nose, 80% Virgin Island water, 20% of that backer at Rouge 540. But those two scents are some of my favorite scents of all time. They're unisex. If you're somebody who didn't like backer at Rouge 540 for how unisex it was, it maybe it was a little too feminine for you because it has a sweet sexiness. This one pulls more on the Virgin Island water style smell with that strong like lime. If you found backer at Rouge 540 too feminine, this one isn't really as feminine. This was just a great idea for a scent. I love the name of this scent. About 80% Virgin Island water, 20% backer at Rouge 540. The backer at Rouge 540 kind of gives it like a cloudy feel. So I can see why they say lime in the sky. It's just a really, really nice mix up. This is great for the gym. Pretty much great anytime Virgin Island water. You could wear Virgin Island water. You pretty much could wear this. I just really enjoy it, guys. This is probably my favorite individual release from Central Obsessions. It's $45 for four ounces. A high quality stuff. A lot of Central Obsessions, they are kind of like copies of other fragrances. This one is kind of like its own amalgamation and I really, really, really like it. I can't really say too much more about what it smells like. If you smell backer at Rouge 540 and Virgin Island water, that's exactly what it smells like. I like that it's so unique, but it's so popular at the same time. Like it has these popular notes and it's well blended. And I think it's great. I think it's a winner, guys. If you like backer at Rouge 540 and you like Virgin Island water, I recommend picking this one up immediately or picking up a sample. I don't know if they do that, but they're so cheap. And if you like those two, like I would say it's almost impossible for you not to like this one's 80% Virgin Island water, 20% backer at Rouge 540. Super easy to wear, could wear it to the gym. Unisex just smells good. That's my two cents on it. Thank you guys for watching the video. We're on the road of 25,000 subscribers and I couldn't do without any of your guys' help. You guys are the best. Having a great day out here. Hopefully having a great day at home. See you all in the next video. Peace.


Hello everybody welcome back to another AI video in this one.  It is still in beta and I was just accepted today so you may want to request access. I don't think there's a long wait time anymore but let me show you something amazing. Basically you can take any scene and replace an actor with CGI and it's literally one click done in a browser. Let me show you an asset here of mine. So in this case I've got some Big Lebowski. Let me run it for you. I'll hit play and show you the scene. He's got information man but I can show you how to turn that into this. Watch this. Yeah in one click it's pretty wild and you can do a whole bunch of other things like mocap, blender and clean plate and all those other fancy things, camera trackings, coming, alpha masks, all that fancy CGI stuff but at the end of the day you want something that's easy to use, browser based, doesn't cost a lot of money, one clicky type thing. Here we go. So let me show you how I did it. So we're inside so you just if you were on this page just click on request access if you don't have access or login. Once you're in you want to go to create a new project and then you're going to basically just go ahead and click continue. It says live action but right now because it's in beta there's not a whole heck of a lot you can do. This is the scene or this is the look that you're going to get when you hit the button there. Now we're going to drag and drop in our own video so we can upload our own video so I've got a video here selected. It's just some maniac guy laughing from Big Lebowski. I'm going to drag and drop it and I'm going to put it right over top of this square here. Do note that you can't drag and drop it on top of it. It's got to be pretty exact. Okay it's already ingested the footage and here we go. Now I'm going to click on it and I'm going to drag it into the middle and when you do that you'll see here that it's gone ahead and just loaded it into the program monitor so to speak. Yeah so we got that weird dude doing weird laughing stuff. Okay now here's where it gets really good. At the top here it just sort of guides you. It's on rails. I'm going to click next and now we can go ahead and select the actor. So in this case I'm going to go ahead and click down here it says scan frame for actors and this is very very good. It's going to go ahead and find him in a quick second or two and then presto. You'll see here that it's kind of drawn a rectangle around him and it's done a very good job. It has identified this mannequin as an actor but whatever that doesn't matter. It's drawn a good mask. I'm going to click on it and then I'm going to now go to the right side and select one of these templates. You can upload your character if you know what you're doing but for most of us we just want to get going and roll through this so I'm going to go ahead and hover over a couple of these and you'll see here there's a few different styles. I don't know let's go with maybe this well there's even styles over here that you can't see but they're there. Again it's in beta so nothing I'm sure they'll work out to kink here but I like this kind of style here that little banksy look here. I'm going to click on it and then I'm just going to drag and drop it on top. When I do that we're now going to see up at the top here that we can click the next button and this is when it gets interesting because now we can select to render out that composition so that weird actor person is going to be rendered out as that robot. We can do 720, 1080p, PNG and a few of these you can click on if you're really good and you know what you're doing. Clean plate, mocap, motion cap, capture but I'm just going to go ahead and click start processing on the lower resolution. I should go to 1080p takes a little longer not going to lie and then up here at the top left you're going to see here that it's preparing the object and it's going to do that. I'm going to come back when it's done and show you what we got and that's it. All right be back shortly. All right everybody here we go. Here's what we got. It's pretty wild. I'm not going to lie but when it play check this out. Yes it was even smart enough to realize that there were two different shots and it's the same guy in the two different positions with the Lebowski there on the left side. This is amazing technology. It's browser based. It's in beta right now so it's free to use. If you get in give it a crack it is wild. Thanks for watching.


Hey everyone, welcome back to Six Sister Stuff. Today I'm sharing with you 25 Dollar Tree items that you need for your kitchen. So my name is Kristen and I am the second sister from SixSistersStuff.com. Now we have made a few Dollar Tree items in the past, some being the things that you need at the Dollar Tree and some other kitchen items, but things have changed. It's been a few years and so I wanted to show you my most favorite things you can find at the Dollar Tree that are perfect for your kitchen. So if you guys are ready, I'll show you what I found. So one thing I love about the Dollar Tree is that you can get a lot of name brand things for a fraction of the price. So the first section is foil and saran wrap. Now these are some of my favorite, they're Reynolds wrap sheets. They're only a dollar and you get 25 of them. This is perfect for people who do hair or it's perfect if you just want to have something ready to go and you can cover your food. It's simple, fast, easy and you're usually paying about three dollars at the store for something like this. So number two is more foil. This is the Reynolds wrap, the foil that you can cut yourself. And I love this because you get 18 square feet for only a dollar. Now usually at Walmart it costs anywhere from three to five dollars to get 30 to 36 square feet. So you're saving quite a bit of money on something like this. Number three, now these are the foil pans. They have them in all different sizes. This one is the lasagna size pan but they have them from small circles all the way up to huge turkey pans. So you get usually two of them for just a dollar. They don't come with lids but you can easily put foil on top. They're perfect for if you have lightweight things. If you're going to cook something like lasagna, you might want to double up and use both pans because they're a little thinner than the normal ones but they're a whole lot cheaper. Number four, now if you've ever been to Costa Vita or Cafe Rio, I just came back to Utah and there are Cafe Rios everywhere and it makes my heart so happy. But they have these at the dollar store. So they're the perfect little round tin foil pans that the Cafe Rio or Costa Vita comes in. So if you're going to have a fun dinner night, these are the perfect things you can put in your tortilla, your rice, your beans and then it also comes with a fun lid. So if you want a fun dinner night, these are only a dollar for four of them. Number five is Suran Wrap and this is the Glad Clean Wrap. I think this is the best deal out of everything because you get 45 square feet. Usually something like this is a lot more expensive at your normal grocery store. 45 feet for a dollar is a steal. Number six, now these are Glad Gain Garbage Bags. Now they only come with 13 but if you just need a few bags, I love taking these camping or when we go out of town and you just need to grab a bag, the Dollar Tree is the perfect place to buy them because I mean you only get 13 and it's only a dollar for the whole entire box. So the next section that I love to shop at at the Dollar Tree is the Container Isle. There are so many different containers and different sizes. So I'm just going to share with you some of my favorite ones. So this one is solid sturdy material. It also has a twist top so things don't leak out of it. I love putting salads in it and my dressing and shaking it all up. It's perfect for storing anything with liquid and you get two of them for only a dollar. Number eight, now these are nice rubber-made containers. They are so sturdy. I love them because at Walmart you can get these for about 350 but at the Dollar Store it's the same exact container for only a dollar. The lids stay on really well. The materials made really nice. I mean it really is rubber-made brand that you get for a buck. Number nine, they have all kinds of microwaveable containers that are perfect for if you're bringing dishes to potlucks or something like that where you don't really care if your container gets left there or not because it's only a dollar, right? So this one is microwavable and it's really cute. I love the design on it. The lid stays on really well and it's just is really nicely made but they have all kinds of these different sizes, different styles. So make sure you go check these out. You can't go wrong. Alright number 10, I think this is my most favorite container out of all of them because it's huge. Usually to buy a container this big would cost you a lot of money but Dollar Tree, you know the price. I love it because it seals really well. It's you can pack almost anything and I love when I can make like soups that I need to give to someone so I can put the whole entire soup in this container give it to them and then tell them you know you don't need to bring me back the container because it doesn't work. The next section I love to shop in is the cleaning section. Now these are the cleaning things that I use for my kitchen so I thought that would be interesting to you guys. Number 11, now again a name brand. These are cascade pods that you put in your dishwasher. Now it just comes with a few of them. It comes with four but again if you're going on a trip, if you're getting an Airbnb, this is the place to grab them. You just want to grab a few. They come the container. They're sealed so they don't spill or leak on anything and you're probably only going to do dishes a few times while you're there. So this is the perfect place to get just a few of them. Number 12 is Don. Now I know this is a small container but really for only a dollar getting a name brand Don product it's actually really cheap especially again if you're going on vacation or going to your cabin or going somewhere where you don't need your huge container of Don you just want a small one. Dollar Tree is a perfect place to find them. Number 13, this is the scrub brush that I actually clean my dishes with. I have about 13 of these that I keep underneath my cabinet because that's when one starts to get bad I just grab another one and then every time I go to the Dollar Tree I like to stock up a lot on these. I love it because it has the hard brushles right here and then this pretty much cleans dishes or whatever you need it to. It also works really well in your bathroom if you're cleaning bathtubs. Number 14, these are also scrub buddies brand but it's an SOS pad I want to show you really fast. Now these are the steel wool pads that work perfectly if you're trying to clean up really messy steel pots and stuff like that. I mean there there is 10 of them 10 of them in here for only a buck and they actually last a while you can even just use it once and chuck it because you get 10 of them so anyways I love these for my steel pots I use them all the time and they're only a dollar. Number 15, now this is another scrub buddies brand. I love these things mostly for my kitchen sink I love cleaning my sink with these but also cleaning dishes and stuff too. These are my husband's go-to so we buy a lot of these so he can help with the dishes too. All right the last section I love shopping at is of course the small kitchen appliances because there are so many different things. I do have another Dollar Tree kitchen posts these are very different than what I have so if you want to check that one out I'll put a link in the description for you but I just want to show you my new kitchen small appliances that I love. I just moved from Sacramento to Utah and I kind of threw away a lot of my stuff and so I'm kind of getting everything back so these are the cutest little napkin holders. I love them because they're metal and they're sturdy and they won't break so only a dollar. Now number 17 to go along with the napkin holder is the paper towel roll. Not only do they match but this one works really well because it's not too thick. Sometimes these get too thick and you can't pull your paper towels around but I love the size of this and it makes kind of your kitchen look more put together. Number 18 these are called power clips but I love using them for my chips or when I open any type of like frozen food I stick these on the frozen food and stick it back in the freezer so the won't get freezer burned on all my peas or vegetables or whatever else you're using. I also like to use them on my bread because I'm not very good at those twisty ties so these clips are lifesaver and you get three for a dollar. Alright number 19 is a potato masher. Now I love that tons of Betty Crocker things are at the dollar tree because it's good good quality so this potato masher is nice and sturdy and it's a little bit smaller so if you're going to use your instant pot this is the thing to use because it's not going to ruin your pot because it's made out of the plastic so if you need a new potato masher go check out your dollar tree. Number 20 is the pizza cutter. Now I love this pizza cutter my pizza cutter that I used to have at home is itsy bitsy tiny it so having a bigger blade is so much nicer because the food doesn't get caught up in this side right here so big cutter it's nice and sharp and it's great for just a dollar. Number 21 scissors now everyone needs more scissors in their life I actually saw something that someone was passing out for Christmas was a pair of scissors wrapped in a ribbon because really everyone needs a pair of scissors it was it was the best gift but anyways so this these scissors are really nice they're not like the top quality your $50 but for a dollar they get the job done and I really like them.  Number 23 this is a small handheld grater now growing up my mom had one of those huge graders that you have to stick on a plate and make the cheese go up and down or your lemon or whatever you needed a grater for these ones are so small and so little they're perfect for the little things like if you need to grate chocolate to put on top of a dessert if you need to grate your lemons and I love because it has a little catcher thing too so you can grate it and it will catch everything and it's just nice high quality because again it's Betty Crocker. Number 24 these are the oven mitts now they're a little bit thinner than most but I've been using my Dollar Tree oven mitts for about two years now and I still am using them they don't burn me they're totally fine and I love the different colors that it comes in so this is one that I'm putting in my new kitchen when my house will be done in about two months so new kitchen oven mitts for a new kitchen I'm pretty excited. Number 25 this is actually not found in the kitchen section but I love using these for my kitchen because I can stick in a few different instant pots or if I need to plug in my phone at the same time it's just so nice to have a few more different outlets and they're only a dollar they're super cheap and they work really well so if you need some more outlets around your house whether it's in your bedroom or your kitchen or anywhere else these work really well. Now I just want to let you know I know that every Dollar Tree is different so these are the ones that I found at my Dollar Tree I'm curious what is some of your favorite things at your Dollar Tree so if you want more Dollar Tree videos I have some for you right over there and I will see you guys next time. Bye!