Today I'm gonna be showing you guys some of my favorite ways on how to lace the Air Jordan 1 low and we're also gonna be checking these out with the ultimate pair of tan laces at the end of the video so stick around for that and if you guys didn't know by now my name is DJ and this is the DNA show. So throughout this video I'm gonna be showing you guys different lacing options when it comes to the Air Jordan 1 low and how to do it and on foot versions so you can see what it looks like. So as you can see right here from the shot above this is the natural dead stock lacing that you would get when you get the shoes fresh out the box. Everything that you see right here is your standard lacing style that you would get going under and over with your classic cross pattern and then at the top it actually goes over and under where the laces come through the bottom and they have the dead stock knot right here. So let's take a look at the dead stock look on foot first just so you guys can see an example of that because some people actually like to rock it like this. So after seeing that look let me know what you think down below in the comment section. Me personally I don't like to go with it I like to see the laces hanging out with the bow or something like that and typically when I rock most of my sneakers I like to go with the loosey goosey style. So for this second style what we're gonna need to do is take the shoe laces out of the dead stock knot and unlace the top hole right here all the way out on both sides and then from here we're going to relace it back underneath this time crossing and then underneath this one again crossing. Make sure when you do this as well notice that I went underneath that first lace because I want to make sure that it's matching with the other laces that are going throughout. So you can see this one everything on the right side of the foot goes over the top of the lace that's going in from the left side of the foot that way you have a same unison pattern throughout the rest of the shoe and then from here we have one additional hole at the top of the shoe and we're going to continue that pattern going throughout right here and then we're going to loosen it up and leave about maybe an inch or two just hanging from the side. Now this is not a high top Air Jordan one so we're going to have to cut just a little bit of slack on it but from here what we're going to do is loosen up the sneaker and then I'll show you guys what it looks like on foot this is one of my go-to styles when it comes to a lot of my sneakers simply because I love to just slip it on and go especially with it being a low top Air Jordan one it just makes it so much more easier to rock this shoe and just have them sitting at your door ready to slip on. So you can see that all the laces are kind of jumbled up right here what you want to do is pull it with four fingers on each side like this and that'll help you evenly disperse the laces throughout the rest of the foot. So this right here is one of my favorite styles when it comes to a lot of Air Jordan sneakers when I'm rocking them honestly pretty much any shoe I love to rock them pretty loose like this especially a low top so let's see what these look like on foot and then we'll get you guys's opinions in a bit. So what do you guys think about that style let me know down below in the comment section some people say they have a hard time rocking their shoes when they're super loose like that and they feel like they're falling off I think if you get a shoe that's true to your size you're not really going to have that much of a problem some people like a snugger fit some people like a bigger fit depending on the shoe and everything like that so again it's all going to be pertain to what you guys decide to do I'm a size 13 these are size 13 they feel really good they fit really good and this is what I naturally do so now let's take it to the next style with the bow tie at the top what we're going to want to do right here is just tighten it all back up and bring it back together and then we're going to put a bow tie knot at the top and you can do either a dead stock knot as well some people like this it gives you more of a clean vibe I feel like if I was wearing this shoe with maybe a pair of pants and it was a nicer outfit I would definitely tie up the shoe and have a bow tie at the top compared to the loose style if I was rocking these with some sweats or some shorts or something like that in the summertime so that's always something to take into account depending on the outfit could potentially vary how you lace your shoes so now that we have them all the way laced up to the top right here we're still in the very top hole and what we're going to do from here is tie a bow tie at the top of the sneaker obviously there's going to be a lot more slack right here because I don't have my foot in the shoe but we'll see what it looks like on foot so those are two different looks right there with a pair of shorts and just socks showing and then another look with a pair of pants with them tied up all the way and you can see it definitely looks good with both styles but I prefer the loose style when it comes to just socks and everything like that if I'm wearing shorts or sweats and then I do the more tied up clean look when it comes to having khakis or denim on okay so we have two styles left to finish off this video and you know the next one we have to do because you know we do this in every single video if you haven't already make sure you subscribe because we are very close to a million subscribers we only need like 800,000 more but that's okay it is what it is so what style might that be the bar style when I'm talking about bars I mean bars so what you're gonna want to do here is unlace the entire shoe and get started from the bottom no drake geez that was corny so as you can see right here you have the lace going through the top of the loop and then then you have to do two laces evenly dispersed throughout the rest of the shoe and now let's get it started so what we're gonna want to do is start on the right side and go up right here to the second hole from the bottom work our way in and pull it out and then we're gonna go to the same hole second hole parallel to that on the opposite side of the shoe go directly across pull that through and then now we're gonna take this same lace and we're gonna go up to one two three fourth hole right here and pull it through and then we're gonna let that one sit and chill for a second now we're gonna start from the bottom here on the left side with the other lace we're gonna go underneath it up to the third hole pull through over the top opposite third hole pull through and as you can see the bar style is already starting to begin so now we're gonna skip a hole so instead of going to the fourth hole we're gonna go to the fifth hole pull through now we're gonna come back to our og first lace that we started with going parallel to that right across bang bang up to the sixth hole so whatever you do this typically think one side goes to the even holes and the other side goes to the odd holes now we got the lace coming out of the fifth hole right here we're gonna go across to the fifth hole over here pull through tuck this in this one's gonna come from the sixth to the sixth six six six six we gotta chill with the drake references today okay now that we are at the top we're gonna take these laces and we're gonna put a little dead stock knot and just tuck this inside the shoe we're gonna have to tuck this below the tongue once we put the shoe on but basically this is the bar style right here and i'm excited to see what this one looks like on foot so let me know what you guys think about the bars i don't know what to say i just know we we're just talking about bars real rap wrong so let me know what you guys think about the bar style down below in the comment section now let's take it to the last and final style and that's gonna be switching up the lace colors so i just got these in the mail and these are some cream kind of off-white laces that i got from lace lab they're 72 inches i'm a size 13 so it might vary depending on your size but if you guys want to check these out i'll have a link for them down below in the description as well i have a bunch of other different colors we're going to start switching it up a little bit more on the channel with the different colors and the laces and everything like that on the shoes depending on it this one right here in particular it's all white sneaker i think it really looks good with the vintage vibe with a little bit more of a cream lace i've seen this on foot before so i definitely wanted to check it out and try it out myself so as you can see right here we have the shoe completely stripped down and naked so what we're gonna need to do now is crack open this package real quick see what they got in here for you boy i can't even get this thing open she even eats christmas looks so easy on the commercials bro how do you open this i need a knife all right i'm struggling yeah there we go all right we're back in the game here we go we're back so we obviously don't need both laces for this one because we're doing one shoe so i'm gonna just show you guys this right here and what i'm gonna do is just throw these on here and it's just gonna magically appear already laced because you know it's a quick little edit but you know we're gonna try to look fancy today voila there you have it so let's see what these look like on foot and then i'll be back at you guys to finish off this video so how do you guys feel about those looks drop some comments down below in the comment section also let me know what you guys think about the lace switch up if you like the cream vintage vibe honestly i think this looks pretty fire and i low key might have to stick to this one so i hope you guys enjoyed this video i appreciate you for tuning in as always if you haven't seen the other lacing tutorial videos we have a bunch of different options for a bunch of different sneakers so go ahead and check those out i have a playlist here on the channel and again if you haven't already make sure you hit that subscribe button man we're really close to a million subscribers like we probably might have just got like three more since the end of this video but hey you know i'm saying we we just slowly working our way if we get that many it's gonna take us like what eight hundred thousand days to get there but hey we're gonna get there yo if you enjoyed this video and want to grow your collection or make extra money on the side i built a vip mastermind that will teach you everything that i've learned about growing my sneaker collection over the past 15 years this will also give you access to the dna fam in my vip community where we talk about investing outside of sneakers and don't worry if you don't plan on joining the vip community it's okay i also set up a private dna fam community that gives you access to all the behind the scenes looks from the studio and multiple chances to win free sneakers and gear from weekly and monthly challenges so all you need to do is click on the link down below in the description or the first link pinned in the comment section that will get you set up and into the community i'm excited to see you guys on the inside yo if you guys made it to the end of this video drop a comment down below and let me know what your favorite low top air jordan one colorway is me damn that's a hard one i feel like the chicago og is very very fire and it's just like a classic so i might have to rock with that one we're just gonna go with chicago og let me know what y'all think all right y'all i'll see y'all in another video i'm out


This is JSA TV and JSA Podcast, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Dean Perine, Executive Vice President at JSA, and we are coming at you on location in beautiful Miami, Florida at Metriconnect 2020. And I'm here with my new friend, Mr. Profil Seklani. Profil is the CEO and founder of Promata. Profil, welcome to JSA TV. Hey, thanks, Dean. Thanks for having me here in beautiful Miami. Outstanding. And it was awesome because you are our neighbors just off camera there. And so we've gotten to visit a little bit today and lots of really interesting things about Promata, but for our viewers that don't already know, why don't you tell them a little bit about Promata? Absolutely. So Promata helps B2B organizations maximize the revenue with their install based customers, specifically by understanding all of the details inside their contracts and their orders. What does the customer own at what price points? When do things come up for expiration? And how do you drive that information into renewals and to selling more into those existing customers and making sure you bill accurately so they don't get irritated when the bill doesn't quite match up to what that's pretty irritating. Isn't that it is? And, you know, especially in an industry that's super competitive, like communications, where we all have so much choice and there's so many different new products that are coming out as, you know, it doesn't take much right now for somebody to just click on a button and say, I want to go with somebody else. So really understanding your B2B customer and, you know, where are they? What exactly do they own? And how do you maximize that with your sales teams, renewal teams, billing teams? It's a critical issue for most B2B telcos and B2B companies in general. Outstanding. Thank you very much for that. So what's new at Promata? Anything new? And let's go back 2019 and early 2020. What's the latest coming out of your newsroom? Well, the nice thing is we work with a mix of enterprise customers. So Comcast, Business, CenturyLink are two of the customers that we talk about. And we also work with really good mid-sized companies as well.  And so we're going to be showcasing more of the way in which companies are using our innovative solutions to get that 3% to 5% and increase and say, renewal revenue or get all the price increases that they're entitled to.  And, you know, the other big thing we're seeing in the industry is a lot of merger and acquisition, a lot of, you know, roll-ups. You're seeing everybody here talk about, you know, all the investment money that's flowing in. So how do you leverage that understanding of the customer to make sure, first of all, it's not a traumatic experience for their vendor to be acquired by somebody else? And how do you leverage all these new customers you get when you acquire a new company? Very good. Prupil, thank you.  Or what's what do you got going on tonight? Yeah, I think we're obviously going to continue to connect with the community here. And then, you know, one of our team members actually had a milestone birthday yesterday. So there may be a mojito or two drunk this evening as we toast that. So, Prupil, thank you very much for being here. We really appreciate it. And thank you viewers for watching JSA TV and listening to JSA podcast. We'll see you soon and happy networking.


Okay, welcome everyone my name is Joey Love Strand I'm a British Academy post doctor fellow at so as University of London, and thanks to everyone who's here for this linguistics webinar. Our presenter is another British Academy post doctoral fellow at so as Tim bot who's currently working with the Department of East Asian languages and cultures. And as we're working on the documentation of a language called Kasunda which will be sharing with us today. So Tim thanks for joining us thanks for creating this presentation for us to get to interact with what you're doing. And we look forward to seeing what you have to share. Okay. Thank you very much Joey for this introduction thank you also very much for organizing these webinars and organizing the webinar today, as well as for inviting me to a give a short talk here. I would like to share my screens with you. If all works well, you can now see a PowerPoint starting screen. So thank you very much again Joey and good afternoon good evening good night good morning to everyone present here. And thank you for attending. A postdoc on at so as is indeed evolving around the Kusunda language spoken in Nepal. And I have made a small addition here to the title, compared to the invitation that you may have seen earlier. So as far as we know, at this moment, there is only one speaker of Kusunda left in the world. Based on all the available evidence from Nepal itself there's only one lady who still speaks the language. There are some unsubstantiated rumors that there may be a few more people who migrated as laborers to India. However, no one has been able to locate them and contact them so we really don't know and for all practical purposes, we must consider that there's only one speaker of Kusunda left in the world. In this webinar I would like to address two main issues. The first one is the current ongoing efforts of the documentation and description of Kusunda. And the second one are the efforts for revitalization of Kusunda. And in order to give you a little bit of background, I'll first give an introduction to Kusunda and I'll also explain how I became involved with the Kusunda language and its speaker speakers at that time. So here we have a map of Nepal and in the western part of Nepal there are several districts and between records you can see some figures. These indicate the number of Kusunda people who ethnically identify as Kusunda, according to Uday Raj Ali's 2017 publication. So it's a really low number of people and you can see that if you connect these areas with some historical evidence of where Kusunda speakers were found. You kind of get an arch shaped figure in the middle hills of western Nepal and this is the area where we can presume that Kusunda was spoken in the past. And there are still some speakers at present. However, this limited distribution and this low number of speakers does not really mean that Kusunda was always such a small group. Until recently the Kusunda led a primarily nomadic hunter gatherer lifestyle this day maintained until the mid 19th century. Sorry, the mid 20th century, and they lived in the forest they moved from place to place they did not have any permanent settlements and like this model that Ganymaaya is constructing here, and they would make small lean tools out of branches and leaves, and they would, depending on the availability of forest resources, they would move from place to place. And while in the forest, the Kusunda dependent on these forest resources they collected mushrooms fruits berries dug for tubers root crops. And other forest products and the Kusunda men were also very apt in hunting and they use this kind of bows with very long arrows to hunt animals birds like jungle full hilt partridge college pheasant, but also animals like monitor lizard see that cats squirrels, basically any animal that would roost or live in trees, and have claws or talons and that is quite peculiar because they had a kind of a taboo on hunting and hoofed animals, for example, barking deer or or Goral or wild boar. So they had a very limited range of animals that they would basically hunt. They also never really practiced agriculture and they never reared any domestic animals. And the Kusunda women developed a practice of going to the nearby villages with the sedentary population with their force produce and their exchange it for other products that they needed themselves at that moment. For example, food grains or sold or whatever. In absence of force produce, they also tended to have this habit of going for begging in villages for products and because of their position they were, they were kind of considered the kings of the forest. People would quite readily actually share some of their food grains with Kusunda people who came to ask for it. There are several reasons for the decline in the Kusunda population. As is common for hunter-gatherer societies, they were probably never really numerous to start with. And every small band or family group of Kusunda would move from place to place. And they would marry within their own tribe, within the Kusunda, but not within their own clan. So it was kind of a kind of a necessary for different Kusunda bands to meet each other in order to find marriageable spouses. During the Rana regime in Nepal, which lasted from 1846 to 1951 and especially the subsequent panchayat system of governments that lasted from 1960 to 1990, the official policies in Nepal very much promoted ideas such as Ek Raza Ek Desh, Ek Bahasa Ek Desh, One King, One Dress, One Language, One Nation. And within that national integration policy there was very little room for ethnic and linguistic consciousness. At the same time, we can see that improved healthcare sanitation and education resulted in population growth and in order to feed that growing population, the agricultural area was expanded, and that often went at the expense of the forest resources. So the government realizing that there was increasing deforestation then instituted the kind of nationalization of forests in which local communities were more and more told to no longer use the forest resources without the government permission. And as a result, the Kusunda were more or less forced to move out of the forest, but they were not really given an alternative. Because they neither owned land or had the means to buy land, they were forced to move into villages and live there on the land owned by others and become sharecroppers or wounded laborers, and they lost their nomadic lifestyle. And because of that, the various Kusunda bands, the family groups could no longer meet each other, and there was an increasing lack of marriage partners. As a result of that, the Kusunda people had very little option except for marriage outside of their tribe. So they would marry with Chitri, with Thakuri, with Magar, with Kham, or with any other ethnic group, but they could not marry with other Kusunda anymore. And as a result, they assimilated linguistically as well as culturally to other ethnic groups, other castes in Nepal. And as a result of that, fewer and fewer people learned Kusunda as their mother tongue, fewer and fewer people were able to speak the language. A little bit about previous research and the history. The first mention of the Kusunda and their language, at least in the Western literature, was by Brian Houghton-Hodson, his publications in the mid 19th century. And he considered the Chippang and the Kusunda as the broken tribes of Nepal. And he already made a rather grim remark about the possible future of these two tribes. And unfortunately, this has basically become the reality for the Kusunda. Luckily, the Chippang are still in a better position as far as their cultural and linguistic heritage is concerned. And perhaps it was Robert Schaefer in his 1953 publication on East Himalayas and his 1954 publication on the ethnography of ancient India who first came up with the idea that Kusunda was maybe not related to any other language or language family in the world, but rather a language isolate. In the late 1960s, Johann Reinhardt, who I think is also present here today, went on a search and made video and audio recordings of the Kusunda people, their language and their culture, and the linguistic description he wrote together with and published in 1970. And several of his ethnographic descriptions are basically the first detailed accounts of the Kusunda, their culture and their language. And the recordings that he made are a very priceless snapshot of Kusunda language and Kusunda culture and life in the past. And this really illustrates the value of documenting languages and cultures by ethnographers and by linguists and making video recordings, making audio recordings, etc. And in his 1976 publication, Johann Reinhardt expressed the hope that someone would actually go back into Nepal and meet with Kusunda and do some more research on the Kusunda before they would become extinct completely. So in on the early 1980s, Ross Coffley made an attempt to contact some Kusunda speakers. He met someone that person was already quite ages passed away and that was before any proper description could be made. And the same basically happened during the late 1980s when several Nepali researchers and academics met with elderly Kusunda people who still knew about their culture, who still spoke their language, but one by one they passed away before any proper description could be made. So more or less the idea came into being that Kusunda, even though there were still Kusunda people, the Kusunda language and the Kusunda culture had disappeared. Since the beginning of the 21st century several Nepali linguists have conducted research and published articles on Kusunda. And these researchers were able to identify several Kusunda who could still speak their language. In 2004, David Waters, together with some of his Nepali counterparts, invited Gianni Maya, Kamala and Prem Bahadur, and they were able to make recordings that resulted in the first grammatical description of Kusunda published in 2006. And in 2013, Mark Donahue and Wojtek Gautam published an article based on their work and their recordings together with Gianni Maya. So despite the fact that really until 2005 there were not many descriptions of Kusunda, I said some vocabularies, there were a lot of people who tried to link Kusunda with other languages and language families to kind of disprove the Schaefer's assumption that Kusunda was a language isolate. And some of these theories have since then been rebuked, there have been some new theories. But at the moment there's not really any conclusive evidence about the genetic relationship of Kusunda, whether it is a language isolate, whether it is related to languages more closer nearby or further afield. And like many linguists working on the Kusunda or in the Himalayas, I had heard about Kusunda, but I had presumed it to be extinct. So I knew it was a language isolate, but I thought, okay, there's not much to do regarding Kusunda anymore. However, in September 2018, while I was in Nepal, I received a request from a colleague at the Max Planck's Institute in Jena. And I think Meisin, she is also here, welcome Meisin. And thank you for introducing me to Kusunda without you. This would never have been possible. And I received a request to find a book which was recently published. And this is the book Kusunda Tribe and Dictionary by Uday Raj Ali. And I managed to locate him via via and through this I managed to, he came to Kathmandu and there we met and I was very much impressed by him as a community linguist. He has been working on Taru language, he's been working on Kusunda and he has really done a lot of good work. He is very dedicated, he's very motivated. So that his, it was kind of a, how do you say, like a contagious disease, but then a good one. So his involvement with the Kusunda kind of jumped over to me. And especially when he started saying like, okay, the Kusunda people themselves, although there are not very many of them and although they're not many speakers, they're really interested to have their language documented described and even revitalized to the extent that people will start speaking it again. And both his enthusiasm and his, the way he expressed the wish of the Kusunda people made me think like, okay, there has to be a way in which we can work more towards this. And after some discussion we found it important that we should make recordings of these last two Kusunda speakers that he was aware of, and in through the documentation contribute to the ability now or in the future to further describe the language. We would I and I managed to obtain funds from several organizations as well as from very generous people through crowdfunding, which enabled us basically to kickstart this is this process to kickstart our project to further document Kusunda. And then we then met in Kathmandu in Nepal in late July and early August 2019. So our recordings consist of elicitation sessions monologues and conversations. We basically had around 50 hours of audio recordings and 22 hours of video recordings and out of these 50 and 22 hours around 2020 hours are basically purely in the Kusunda language. There's a little bit of code switching with Nepali, but there is no speaking in Nepali by me or by a guy or speaking in English. It's basically in Kusunda elicitation, for example, vocabulary or verbal paradigms was fairly minor component of our approach. We record a word list on the request of the Max Planck Institute in Jena, and we did cross check some of the verbal paradigms that waters had earlier described. But it was not the main purpose of our recordings. There were monologues, although we did record them we invited the speakers to talk about themselves and their personal history, the history of the Kusunda, the mythology of the Kusunda. And there are few views on the Kusunda and their language and some of their personal experiences. So for example, Jenny Maya told us about how she and her mother used to go into the villages to beg for food grains. And sorry, Kamala was the one to tell us about the begging process in the villages. And Jenny Maya told us about her life, nomadic life in the forest. And she told us about medicinal plants about the different stages of life in Kusunda culture so from birth till death, etc. However, the primary objective of our recordings was very much conversations because these were as far as we knew, and as far as we know now the last two speakers of Kusunda so we wanted them to interact to convince each other to argue with each other to discuss with each other, in order to get a much wider repertoire of linguistic features. We use different methods to encourage them to talk. For example, we asked them to talk about their shared experiences, their earlier visit to Kathmandu for example. And we also showed them a video that John Reiner that made in the late 1960s and asked them to comment on it what they saw. And another method that we used was existing materials. So we had two English storybooks, we had four Nepali storybooks and we just asked them, what do you see? Just to describe the pictures that were there and we realized that the frog story or the English children's book storybooks were a bit more difficult to relate to than for example this kind of pictures about typical Nepali household life, typical Nepali village life in which they were really able to very, in a very engaged way talk about it, oh this is this, this is this, no it is this and discuss about what they saw. So we asked them to talk about these pictures, these images, and we are planning to use at a future moment also to ask those authors of these children's books, the publishers, whether we could maybe make another publication, a reprint in which the Nepali is replaced by Kusunda written in the Devanagari script. So just to create the kind of children's books for Kusunda children to learn their language. We also want to explore other options such as for example Bloom Community Books. However, the main problem is that it's such a small community, it will be quite difficult to find the funding to publish these storybooks. All in all, we think that our recordings were quite a success and it was also very timely on hindsight. In January 2020, humanity lost a great person. The second last speaker of Kusunda and the great repository of knowledge on the Kusunda culture, their nomadic life, the stages of life, the medicinal plants and many other aspects of the culture. After a short illness, Yanni Maya, whom you see pictured here, passed away and she was buried according to Kusunda customs. And we all remember Yanni Maya and her contribution to our knowledge of the Kusunda language and people. Unfortunately, what Kamala had expressed during the recordings became true. If you are gone, who will I have to talk to?  And especially because there's no language which is even remotely related to Kusunda, so there's no one who speaks even something similar to what Kamala speaks. And yeah, it also made me realize how timely our recordings actually were because if we had waited just for another six months, we would not have been able to record what we did. So at this moment we still have Kamala as our language consultant as the last speaker of Kusunda who can help us with this work. And we need to make maximum use of that advantage. And hopefully the corpus that we then produce can provide the basis for the subsequent analysis and description of Kusunda, but also for the revitalization efforts. One important element of what I'm working on right now is to create an Elan to flex workflow that will incorporate multiple participants, but also multiple autographies, multiple translations. There are multiple languages in which translations can be made, for example, English and Nepali, but also Divanagri, Autography, IPA, Autography, Latin, Autography or Roman, Autography, etc. The main objective is to enable local language consultants with limited software and computer skills to transcribe and translate recordings and check and adjust proposals for the parsing and glossing. And I think especially now with the pandemic and it has made us realize that also because of climate change but mainly because of the pandemic that travel is not always possible extended field work periods may not always be feasible or possible. And from that extent it's always good to have local language consultants who are able to work together on documenting and describing languages. However, as many linguists here will be aware Elan and Flex are complex software with rather steep learning curves that require quite a lot of insight and practice. And if they're not easy to use for trained field linguists at the MA or PhD level, then we can only imagine how it must be for community linguists who have much less formal training. So SIL has developed say more as a user friendly simple software that could also be used by community linguists the main disadvantages that it does not allow for multiple participants. Moving on this integrated approach where we can segment, transcribe and translate recordings in Elan then converted to flex where it can be further annotated into linearized and then converted back to Elan where the language consultants can check our analysis or the analysis and then subsequently suggest make suggestions for corrections etc. I've actually submitted an article that describes this workflow. And once it is reviewed, I will make the manual that I prepared on basis of my workflow I'll make it available so hopefully there will be other people who will be benefited as well. For Kusunda we aimed for an English translation in the international audience as well as a Nepali translation aimed at the audience in Nepal the people linguists etc and Nepal but also the language developers who wanted to develop the Kusunda language. And there will be a phonetic transcription in IPA so actually representing the speech of the individual speech at participants and because both Jenny Maya and Kusum Kamla spoke a different variety of Kusunda. We also looking for a phonemic transcription and this phonemic transcription in IPA will then be used for a Devon Agri transcription in Kusunda, which can actually be used for revitalization for teaching purposes. In addition, it's our aim to preserve the language consultants original transcription both in IPA and Devon Agri because this might give further indications or tips or advice or something when we are later analyzing the text, the recordings and I will now show you an example. So I hope everyone can see here a Elan segment from an Elan project file and here we have the recording one of the recordings to Kusunda recordings and here we can use the play button. So, segment by segment after segmentation segment by segment the transcriber can transcribe the recording in the IPA you can add an English and Nepali translation, also a transcription in Devon Agri in Kusunda in the Devon Agri script. And in this way, even if someone does not know English, for example, he can still give the translation in Nepali in Devon Agri script, or if someone does not really know IPA he can just put triple X here and then give the transcription of Kusunda in the Devon Agri script. And then later we can add the transcription in IPA based on the orthography that we have established for the language. So in that way, even people whose primary language is not English or who have very limited command of English will be able to still, if they are trained, use this to transcribe and translate texts. And we can then convert that to flex and hopefully you will see the flex interface here, where in this analyze tab of the text and word session section, we can find the same segment, but now annotate it so broken up morphemes words broken up in in morphemes and then annotate it, get parsed, glossed, and the translations are down here the English translation, the Nepali translation, the phonetic transcription, and the community transcription, the transcription by the community linguist both in the IPA and in the Devon Agri scripts. And we can then again convert that to Elan. And here we can see that the same morpheme words, the different glosses and parses that we had made in flex are represented here. And on basis of this, the language consultant or the transcriber can have another look he can play the sound file again. And then he can decide what what what else should be added or deleted, whether there are any mistakes changes whether he agrees with the, he or she agrees with the, the different morpheme glosses that we made, etc. I will also show a small example of the annotation mode, where we can hear see the video and here we can find the various segments as well as the transcription of the segments in the various scripts and the translation of the segments in the various scripts. Here we can play the video. And in this way, we can further annotate the recording. So that about the flex and Elan part. Now to proceed with the revitalization efforts for Kusunda in the past two decades. And those changes have taken place politically and socially in Nepal. I remember the first time when I came to Nepal. It was still the last Hindu kingdom in the world this was followed by the civil strife by the most insurgency, and then by the political strife between different political parties and and fractions within political parties, mostly involving around egos it seems rather than about political ideals. But yeah despite these continued struggles in Nepal one of the major outcomes of this whole democratization process in Nepal has been the federal democratic structure in which more and more progressively more attention is being brought to the cultural and linguistic diversity of the nation. And this is encouraging ethnic cultural and linguistic consciousness among people who for very long time were marginalized within this within this Hindu based caste based system social structure of the country. The constitution of Nepal itself is very clear in its recognition of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the people, and at least in theory, the government has given far reaching rights to the people, but also responsibilities of the state to secure these rights that have been enshrined within the constitution, and perhaps this makes Nepal one of the most progressive countries in South Asia in that respect. In order to achieve some of these goals, especially as far as the linguistic part is concerned, the Nepal Language Commission was instituted and this commission has a national mandate, and till present they have identified 131 languages in Nepal. So the commission has been supporting linguists including community linguists in the documentation and description of these languages and the cultures of the people that speak them, which has resulted in surveys and grammatical descriptions dictionaries teaching materials and other outputs. And one of the languages in which the for which the Language Commission has been supporting work is Kusunda. And the Nepal Language Commission has supported Uday to describe Kusunda to develop an orthography in the Devanag re-script to prepare teaching materials and to actually teach the Kusunda language. The first publication was a Kusunda Jati Rasabda Kos or the Kusunda Tribe and Dictionary, a 175 page book that did with an introduction both English and Nepali, and a Kusunda Nepali English vocabulary. And if anyone is interested, I still have some copies on which I can share on Uday's behalf. So please let me know afterwards. The second publication is the Kusundam Hasako Itihas or history of the Kusunda language, which is a 66 page book that details the available knowledge on the Kusunda history, culture and language, but this is only available in Nepali. So to get to the actual revitalization part, the revitalization of Kusunda is not so much something that we shoot which was imposed by politicians or by linguists or by other other external agents, but very much something we want expressed by the community themselves. And this can also be seen in this wider process of increased ethnic and linguistic consciousness in Nepal, where the Kusunda people realize that their language, their culture, their origin, their history, their feelings, their emotions, everything is expressed through their language. And once it dawned on to them that their language was about to disappear, they very much felt the need to try to stem this process of Kusunda becoming extinct. With the support of the Nepal Language Commission, then Uday started teaching Kusunda. And the first session was in February and March 2019, with a total of 20 students between 12 and 40 years old. 12 of them were school students whereas eight were adults literate in Nepali, and these students came from the three districts with the highest ethnic Kusunda population. The Nepal Language Commission provided the budget of 240,000 Nepal rupees, which is roughly equivalent to 1500 British pounds. And in this first session, both Gyanimaya and Kamala were the teachers and Uday facilitated the classes. And as can be seen in this picture in the previous picture, the setup was very simple, outside or in small huts. They had to sit on the floor and use was made, for example, of whiteboards. And this first session was kind of an introductory class, the students were introduced to the Kusunda language written in the Devonagari script. They were taught on basic Kusunda words and simple Kusunda sentences. Then the second session was supposed to be taught in early 2020. However, because of the spreading pandemic, this was postponed to the spring of 2021. And in that session, there were two separate groups. Again, because of pandemic concerns, one with 13 children in the grades four to 10 taught by Uday and one with eight literate adults taught by Kamala. And although 10 of the students actually attended the first session, 11 students were new. And that was because it was not possible to gather all the students together because of the pandemic. However, when the Delta variant arrived to Nepal from India, the classes were unfortunately cut short. The topics of the second class session went a bit further than the first session. It included parts of speech, it included different types of sentences, as well as an introduction to the possibility for creative writing. And the third session is planned for the coming winter. This is the Kusunda textbook that Uday wrote based on an example which is used by the Nepal Language Commission to teach endangered languages of Nepal, and the Language Commission printed it and then it was distributed to students. I was also trying to encourage students to use Kusunda in social media, for example in spoken voice messages, written voice messages, but also in creative writing songs, poems, prose, etc. And like I said before, perhaps it would be possible to translate some existing children's books or to develop some new children's books. And of course the main point would be that Kusunda people have to start speaking their language again. And because there are basically no adult speakers, except for Kamla, except for one. It really depends on this group of students of these children and adults who are learning the language to start using the language again in daily life. To their grandparents, their parents, but especially to their children. And if they are able to use it, then there is still a good chance that Kusunda has a future. If they don't, then because of the whole situation, the future looks kind of bleak. So Kusunda is not really in an enviable position. There's only a single speaker left. And despite all the good intentions, also the wishes of the Kusunda people, there's still every chance that the language may become extinct in the next decade or so. However, the good thing is that neither the Kusunda people nor the Nepal government through the Nepal Language Commission are going to sit idle and let it happen. A lot of things are going on like these Kusunda classes, like the documentation projects that will hopefully enable the Kusunda people and their language to have their language survive into the future. And hopefully this post-op that I'm working on will also contribute to these goals. And of course, any help will be appreciated. So we are planning to make our transcribed and translated texts available in open access, preferably also if we can interlinearize them, we will interlinearize them, parsing them, making them available for linguists, for academics, for researchers to work on and to contribute to the description of the Kusunda language. And we hope that it will not only remain limited to phonology or typology or grammatical features like the verbal paradigms or its phylogenetics status, but that people will also contribute in a positive way to enabling the revitalization efforts of the language. There's one idea that has been floated for quite some time, which is to resettle these scattered Kusunda communities in a contiguous area where they can then have access to forest resources also be given access to housing, be given access to health and sanitation to a school where they can learn Kusunda as well as Nepali, and this kind of a more clustered Kusunda settlement in order to not only contribute to the survival or the revitalization of the Kusunda language and culture, but also to uplift the socioeconomic status of all these scattered Kusunda communities or Kusunda families basically. So that's all from my side. I am very much interested to have comments suggestions from people practitioners in the field, people who know about Kusunda the situation in Nepal, and who could help us to to forward this project. Thank you very much. Okay, thank you, Tim. We already have some questions in the chat which I'll read out if you did write a question in the chat and want to participate feel free to unmute yourself and engage when I get to your question or comment. Just a reminder we are recording so if you do participate I assume you're giving consent to be recorded if that to be shared online. This is a question from Peter Austin is asking about whether there are any semi speakers is there no one who has partial knowledge or has learned something of it as a second language, because if they weren't that would be very unusual from a global perspective. Thank you for your question. There are a few elderly people like Prem Bahadur, maybe around five or six who remember a little bit Kusunda, they can remember some words but they are not able to make any consistent sentences. So, the reason that for example Kamala still knows her language is because her mother punitakuli was basically monolingual in Kusunda and she lived with her mother, and she used to talk Kusunda with her mother till her mother passed away a few years so she had that continued exposure to the language. For most other Kusunda from a very young age onwards they already started speaking in Nepali or in Kam or in Magar or some other Nepali language and as a result they lost their language quite rapidly even if they spoke it as a child. They didn't remember except for a few words and that has been the situation for Kusunda for the past decades basically and Gyanimaya she still remembered her language quite well and there are some people who say that the ones who stay in India. And they may also still remember their language because they are supposed to be two or three people who left Nepal together to work in and if I remember correctly it was Bhopal in India and because they stayed together they could still speak to each other in the Kusunda language. The problem has been that even if people grew up or were born and learned Kusunda when they were young, when they grew up, when they became teenagers, as soon as they married outside of the Kusunda family and they start living with people who spoke in Nepali or another language they just lost Kusunda and they had no one to talk to in Kusunda and as a result of that the language basically disappeared very rapidly. At the moment I don't, there are a few people who know a little bit Kusunda but I would not really want to call them semi speakers because their knowledge is so limited that it does not actually qualify as a semi speaker. There are also references a an article on this topic of last speaker in the chat which I can send you later to make sure you can pull up on that. I'll jump to a question though from VGA de Souza says thanks for the talk. Amazing work. How did you approach segmentation and Elon, and specifically in terms of training community linguists to recognize meaningful chunks. That's a very, that's a very tricky, tricky approach and that's still something that I'm, to be honest that I have to work on. And for now, the main segmentation so Uday has been working on the segmentation himself so he made the sentences himself I have made the segmentation in Elon again based on his earlier segmentation so there has been some adjustment here and there because indeed it is very difficult even for trained linguists to determine whether you should segment at phrases or whether it should be longer sentences and where to make those segment breaks and I have to be honest I don't think there is a kind of a one fits all in how to do that. And I think that that it is part also intuition. And if someone knows the language well enough, I think for them it's easier to actually make the segmentation then for people who do not, who are not speakers themselves or who do know or understand the language well enough yet. So it's, it's, it's a it's a very good issue, and it is something that I will also look in more when when when when like in the in the manual the segmentation part it is basically presumed as something autonomous something that is being done, but it is indeed something that could be looked into in more detail. There were a few comments and questions related to conversational data. So Julia seller bank mentions that she was very pleased to see a focus on conversational data. And Peter again had some questions about the use and the analysis of that data so he wrote since you recorded conversation have you adopted any aspects of a conversational analysis approach. There are examples and I think here he's referring to that the Elon annotations, don't tell us anything about interactional speech, and then he also made a comment wondering about the use of this conversational data in the language revitalization so it seems like from what you presented that there's a focus on literacy and less on the use of this conversational and interactional language that that people in recent literature including some work that he's done with truly I've pointed out that this conversational stuff may be more important for revitalization than literacy so whatever you can say about what you've done in terms of conversational analysis, and to that how have you incorporated that into the revitalization efforts. Thank you for your comments yeah comfort. Here I have to say that this is still very much at the inception phase so we have made those recordings in 2019. So we are working on the transcription translation and analysis, and that is still an ongoing process and indeed it is difficult to actually if you have multiple participants in a conversation with overlapping speech it is sometimes quite difficult to properly segment and annotate that in Elon. And what we try to do right now is in our transcription, make sure that everything is being transcribed in the, including, including the pauses the stills etc. But also make sure that markers that that that have not been described before are properly transcribed so that that they can be analyzed later on, and that is the good that is the advantage of having the video there as well. And the fact that you can actually play the video or play the recording and at the same time make the transcription that you can also see how people interact with each other in nonverbal communication. And this is, this is still ongoing, and we have finished now maybe 23 minutes of recording out of the total of two hours are now finished in transcription and translation. But out of these only maybe around three or four minutes have been completely annotated so it is still very much something, something ongoing, which has not been completed and we have not looked at at at how to incorporate different aspects of conversational analysis into into our into our actual annotation, etc. And the second question was about me. Yeah just how how does, or how maybe in the future do you think you might incorporate some of this conversational data into the revitalization efforts. Yeah. So at the moment. People who don't know any costunda have to learn costunda so at the moment it is very much about teaching them vocabulary teaching them simple sentences. And soon that's quite it's a pro normalizing language it's quite complex in that way. It is not something that people who know Nepali or people who know Magar, or people who know. Or another language are very familiar with. So for for from that aspect, right now the basis is very much on on teaching the basics. And once the students have the basics. And then the conversational part will come in in which they actually have to talk to each other so right now they're just asking each other. How are you what did you eat today and things like that and it is it is a very slow process also because many of these are students in schools so they don't have maybe on a 65 days a year in which they can be taught costunda. It is just a matter of one month maybe every winter, every year, and because of the pandemic even that hasn't been possible. So it's, it's, it's a very, it's a very small attempt that is being made at the moment, and you're definitely you're right if you want to teach people to a language so they use it in daily life again, all these aspects are extremely important. And we hope that that is also why we will make our data available for people to look at it from different perspectives people who are more expert in certain parts of certain linguistic topics will be able to help us to analyze it from a different perspective and come up with advice on, for example how to teach as well. Thanks to him. If anybody else has a question or comment feel free to use the raise hand function or is mentioned in the chat that you'd like to ask a question, or write out your question in the chat. Got a question here. I think it's from Jack, although the name doesn't show completely says thank you for the talk. I'm curious about the Cassunda communities attitude toward the revitalization of the language. Are they generally proactive. Are they aware of how being able to speak the language is linked to some aspects of their self identities. So yeah what what's been the attitudes and, and motivations from from the Cassunda side. The Cassunda themselves they they and that was the first thing that basically would I told me they want. They don't want to see their language disappear they now know that their language is about to disappear and they, they, they feel sad about that because they realize that that it is that their whole culture and and their language is basically encapsulated within that language. And, and they are very supportive of any attempt or any, any activity that promotes their language like the Cassunda welfare society in Nepal has been supporting any kind of project which aims at describing documenting describing and revitalizing Kusunda. So it's, it's very much something which comes from within the Cassunda community as well. And I think they they are a little bit aware of the difficulties that that are inherent to the fact that you try to revitalize language which is now only spoken by one person, but that does not really withhold them from from not supporting any attempts and they can't learn it all because I mean that that was someone recently also asked me like, okay, these students they are paid 100 Nepal rupees per day. So, are you sure that they are not just participating because they are getting paid for it. And I was like, okay, but you have to understand that also from a Nepali perspective in the winter holiday, when students are at home they're supposed to work together with their parents or they're being sent for some day labor or whatever. So there has to be some kind of a an incentive for for people to participate as well. And they don't participate plainly for the money they're very clear about that they're very enthusiastic in wanting to learn their language, and they understand that, especially the young ones but also the adults, they understand that that the future of their language basically now depends on them and their participation and their involvement and and and their continued involvement and their ability to revitalize the language and and pass it on to the next generation. Thanks. There any other final questions or comments otherwise I can follow up one more question from Peter Austin comments he also commented on language revitalization programs leave one in Poland that's focused on teenagers rather than adults or children and on programs in Australia that are focusing on incorporating semi speakers into revitalization. So you've seen from the dynamics of this community. Have you focused on different age groups or different groups in terms of their understanding of the, or how they remember the language and culture. Do you see different levels of engagement or ways to sort of leverage some some people's enthusiasm to help others or how might different groups within the consume to help each other in this, you know, revitalization process. It's a bit different situation from many other language communities because there are basically no semi speakers, and you basically start from scratch, in that only come now is there to teach her language she's the only one who remembers her language, and all the other kusuna people don't know the language and you have to start from nothing it's basically trying to revive an extinct language rather than revitalize a dying language. And, and from that perspective the approaches that that are taken maybe a little bit different from what you experience or see elsewhere on the age range of the participants in the kusuna classes is actually quite broad. And it is the eldest was I think 1440 and the youngest is 12 so they are like adults as well as as as as children school going children, and, and they have been taught sometimes together but in the last session they were also split up between the adults and the children that was actually mainly because of pandemic concerns, but on the other hand also it kind of facilitated the teaching process because the approach that you can take to adults and two children was different. And the one to teach the children, which was very much focused on teaching them, not just how to speak but also how to read and write so there was the focus on writing kusuna in Devan Agri, and the textbook also includes writing exercises not just speaking, whereas in the last session with the eight adults was much more about speaking. How do you say this how do you say this. So trying to get adults to interact with each other in the kusuna language. So there are these different approaches that are being taken and being tried out. And there are only around 150 kusuna people in Nepal and the majority of them are too busy in trying to survive on a daily basis to be involved in attending classes for one month. And, and that is where this idea of having this settled kusuna community comes in, where the kusuna can actually live together. The families that are now scattered in different parts of Nepal can live together they can have access to forest resources, they can have agricultural land they have a school where kusuna is taught etc. So that idea has been floating around but in in practicality of course it's it's not an easy thing to achieve. But for the in the case of kusuna, Uday and myself when we were discussing we were saying like okay maybe this is really a good approach because then you have people together and they can interact with each other. And in that way it's much easier to revitalize the language than that students come to learn kusuna for one month and then are expected to go back to their family which lives very in a very remote place from any other kusuna family, and then they're supposed to teach kusuna to their own family and come back again in the next year that that is a bit a difficult approach I think so that's why that idea of a kusuna settlement came up but for the time being that's not really materialized yet so. Yeah, we are we are running out of time but I did think of one more question I wanted to ask since you just use these words and I was wondering if you've had any reactions from kusuna people about metaphors of death and extinction in terms of you know their situation of their language, or even a framing Kamala as the last speaker is that language that's been used around kusuna speakers are they comfortable with it do you have any interactions from those kinds of metaphors. There have been several reports in the Nepali media, for example, last speaker of kusuna has died last speaker of kusuna has died there are no more kusuna. And because of that, Kamala for example is very much aware that she is now the last kusuna speaker. And she was very happy when she was introduced by David Waters and his team, when she was introduced to Gianni Maya, for example, because she had someone to talk to in kusuna after her mother Puneetakuri passed away. So, at that time, when we interviewed the two of them when we made the recordings of the two of them together, you could see that they were still very. They were happy for not being the last. And you can notice that Kamala now she is kind of. It's good that she speaks Nepali and that that she that she has her family etc to support her and that she meets with other kusuna people even though they don't speak her language. Yeah, you can see that that it's kind of, she's proud in a way but she is also quite sad because of the situation that that she is in. And, yeah, that's that's why we hope that that teaching kusuna to other kusuna people will will will give her it. And she's participating as well because she has this hope that it will lead to a situation where she won't be the last anymore and and the language won't die with her. So, have you had any interact or any reactions to the metaphors of language death or extinction. In kusuna there's not really. They don't really speak about it in that way. They don't, they don't. They don't express it in such in such ways we haven't really heard them use like it will die but just, there won't be anyone for me to talk to anymore that is how how she basically expresses the fear of the future situation. Good. Well, I think our hour is up so we'll stop there Tim I'll send you all of the text from the chat so you can follow up with any other questions or comments or references there so once again thank you to Tim and thank you everyone for participating. Okay, thank you very much everyone for attending thank you Joey for organizing.


With forward pay from Appalachian Wireless, you'll avoid contracts and credit checks while taking advantage of some awesome perks, like unlimited talk text and 3 gigs of data for just $44.99, or with 5 gigs for a mere $59.99. Forward pay, that's today's Appalachian Wireless. As fall festival season continues, folks in Floyd County are gearing up for a big weekend at the Jenny Wiley Pioneer Festival in Prestonsburg. Always held the second weekend in October, the three-day festival promises food, crafts and free entertainment, but this year, festival officials have added a few new things to the mix. We've got a lot of new vendors this year we've not had. We've got like an old time photo booth. Just a lot of new things coming in. We've got some rides extras coming in tomorrow that we've not had. So we're trying to make it grow and bring new things in for people to see. One event that is quickly becoming a crowd favorite is the Indian Pow Wow that will happen on Friday and Saturday at noon and again at 6 p.m. The very tribal dances, it's culture that, you know, if we know we've got here, people just haven't been able to enjoy it. It's free admission to those. They have the crowds, they have the people join in, the crowds join in with them. It's really exciting to be in. Festival goers will have the chance to listen to live music all weekend on the stage, take a look at homemade crafts under the craft tent, and of course, eat lots of food from catfish dinners to barbecue to deep fried strawberries. We take them and put them in a funnel cake mix. We pull them up, put powdered sugar on them. We put whipped cream, strawberry syrup. I mean they're awesome. Chicken quarters, baby back ribs, turkey legs. We get in here and we get bored so we just put stuff in a fryer and of course I think the best thing we tried was deep fried Doritos. Preston's Berg officials invite everyone to come enjoy all the Jenny Wiley Pioneer Festival has to offer on Thursday and Friday, but especially the main events on Saturday. Of course we got the parade at three o'clock on Saturday. That's going to be a grand finale into Lori Morgan at night. Great concert. It's free. Reporting in Prestonsburg for EKB News, I'm Shannon Deskins.


can you hear me now online yes no yes yes I guess we were just looking at the results from assignment one and I just said about assignment two that I will give you additional time to work on it and if you have questions feel free to ask and I have been asked here to if we can plot velocity as arrows instead of colors the answer is yes and usually use a glyph is up there in para view you apply after a long time usually you see things oh that was ugly well you have to work on it I will find the solution to this keep doing exercise I guess you how I have because you have to decide which parameter so you have to decide which vector to use and we want to use you the velocity after a while give me a sec oh yeah now you can it's you have to select glyph and then you have to set that orientation arrays based on velocity and the scale arrays based on velocity now you have a lot of arrows you can reduce them now we have 5000 points I think you can do 1000 and you can remove these and only see the arrows then you can play around with the size of the arrows with the color of the arrows you can do many things but this is not really open form related this is part of you related just and typically in part of you you can find quite a bit of documentation online now to use part of you and it's the same if you're using probably for open form or for any other tool for those that are online I've been asked why there are two default fluxes the reason is that when you need to do sp3 instead of diffusion you need to provide initial and boundary condition for the flux and for the first moment of the flag for the second moment of the flux so in your case you're doing the fusion you can't forget about the second default flux is there anyone that has finished what's the K effective you obtain group is there anyone from group 1 what's the K effective group 2 anyone 1.4 4 raise your voice 1.4 4 6 this is a K effective don't be shy with number 1.406 give me another 2 6 another one let's get PCM at least and this is for a zero gradient or for a fixed value you should have a fixed value and a zero gradient boundary condition so zero gradient and do you also have results for the fixed value that's the same thing for everyone group 1 again fixed value how much is the same group 3 0.5 there's a problem 0.4 39 give me another number group 4 interesting gonna be interesting to figure out what changed because now the funny thing is that yesterday I obtained both and I don't know why but we'll try to figure out why in the morning yesterday obtained one and the afternoon the other I think it's a matter of which temperature we are solving it at but let's see let's try to do it together so I'll tell you what I would do hopefully I will remember to do all of it would be nice so let me get the folders if you get a wrong number don't be worried sometimes it can be that you forget to set a little parameter and no GenFoam is big sometimes you need time to go through all of it and make sure that everything is correct they said even myself yesterday did it and I obtained two different K effective and I think it was because at some point I forgot to set a temperature somewhere anyway so what I would do is what I already did while waiting I copy pasted the case into a starting case to just not to lose what I did before so this is what we had from exercise one and as I said we have a lot of inputs that are given in the input folder and I said that there are nuclear data and there is a mesh and you need both and you need both where well in the neutron in the neutral region so you're going to constant going to neutral region you have a poly mesh you want to change it into the new poly mesh can you leave it like this no you need to change the name it has to be called a poly mesh we call it poly mesh then we have all the nuclear data that we're in there that we don't like because they were kind of dummy files with no content or very little content and we want those that I gave you that includes real cross-section data put it in there I said the idea is let's take a look it's gonna be small but I will do it anyway because you can open it on your computer you look into it you will see things like energy group 6 precursor groups 8 so we are solving for 6 energy groups 8 precursor groups and we have different cross-sections for the heat exchanger intermediate circuit main etc and you will see that cross-sections are each one of them is into 6 groups yes it is there for a later exercise it's not no not at all no I mean in open-form you can throw in random files it's we'll simply not read them and I ask you to check parameterization and nuclear data axial expansion you look at it and there's nothing well of course because we don't have cross-sections for axial expansion this is for fast reactor for solid fuel fast reactor there's nothing in there so we don't parameterize for that what about t cool nothing because our coolant is the fuel what about fuel temperature there you have something if you look at it you will see that the cross-section are slightly different than those in nuclear data these are cross-sections that are valid for a different temperature this is how we parameterize the cross-section which give one cross-section set at a nominal temperature one cross-section step at a perturbed temperature and we do an interpolation so we are parametrizing our cross-section based on the temperature of our fuel coolant we call it fuel here because it's a molten salt reactor so what's in there that we may need to change so we have our nuclear data we have them parametrized we have control rod movement I haven't mentioned control rods so we don't touch it we have the mesh what about Neutronic properties and it's a smith small but it's already diffusion we are happy we keep it we wanted to have a diffusion but it says eigenvalue falls we want it true it was in the assignment we want an eigenvalue solution so we set eigenvalue Neutronics to true so now we look into this and we realize we have touched everything we wanted to touch so we forget about constant hopefully I did everything we don't touch fluid we don't touch thermomechanics because we are doing just Neutronics and then we look into system and of course we will have to touch the control dict we do it now it's small so let me do it because this is important I want to do it in a way that you see what we do so we go to our starting case 2 and we look at system control dict and you look at it as usual you have a start time okay we start from zero you have an end time and we don't care about the time as I said before these are all time steps we want to simply iterate and I said we would like to have approximately 100 iterations so if our start time is zero and now our end time is 10 what's the delta t to get to 100 iterations 0.1 right 0.1 time steps we do it 100 times we will get to 10 seconds this is the way we iterate 100 times in open form some things we don't really care about standard open form things what do we want to solve for I said we want to solve only for Neutronics so no fluid mechanics no energy all Neutronics true salt thermomechanics false liquid fuel stays as it was just true just time step do we need it no we are not doing thermo hydraulics we don't want to adjust we just want to run 100 iterations so we want our time step to stay 0.1 and get to 10 in 100 iterations this is how we set iterations we use a fake time stepping what happens if you leave adjust time step to false well it will try to adjust your time step based on current number and it is not calculating the current number so you may run into some problem the rest we don't care we have questions about this control dict does these times the fake time stepping make sense to you not really maybe a little bit we want to iterate 100 times we do 100 times type of 0.1 that will not enter anyway but just force open form to do 100 solutions we will be in a loop it will start to okay I solve one am I at the end no I need to solve once again once again once again for 100 times that's how we create iteration and since we are solving for eigenvalue the DDT the derivative over time has been taken off so we don't really care if our time step is 0.1 1 10 as far as we do it 100 times it's tricky this is a very open foamish way of doing things because open form was born for CFD and you always have time somehow so we do it this way what else am I missing I said that we need to set the power to 20 megawatts and I said that this thing is inside the reactor state how do I find reactor state you can locate you can grab you can think what it could be you can imagine that reactor state may change over time right so the most logical place for it to be is in the time folders so you get to not here you get into your time folder from zero could be in neutral region it's not and I'm sorry about that this is again a way we have in open form because in these folders we typically have fields a reactor state as a k effective and power it's not a field we keep those things in something called uniform and in there there is something called reactor state if you cannot find it you grab it you locate it or best thing when you are alone at home and you want to do this thing before doing anything you look everything that there is inside your folder you want to familiarize with every file that is in there and while doing that you will bump into something called reactor state that has a power and a k effective we said that our target power is 20 may or you look at the documentation if you have you know two three hours read the documentation these things are explained so we have our 20 megawatts is to the seven right we said we want to megawatts so well not of zeros for not much to the seven what's this is 20 megawatts what about k effective while k effective is what we want to find does it make sense to give a k effective in there at the beginning kind of this is the initial condition it is you know when you set a new field you set an initial condition you also should do it for k effective is the initial guess that you provide not change much but it's gonna make your computation faster so another thing that we need initial and boundary conditions many of you notice that there are default flux and the default flux to full flux to it is for sp3 simulations you don't need it default flux let me open it on the terminal now what you had here was clearly wrong we were giving a fixed value to everything and well it's not completely wrong there are at least two things that were wrong which is the boundary conditions for the wedges so we are doing 2d and you need your front and back to be treated as wedges I don't remember the name of the front and back front and back okay so what you need to do was to create two things that are called well I can actually do it right very front oh yeah sorry right double check why I think it's the first one it finds more relatively sure it's the opposite you sure okay we'll try here the question is you may wonder why we are discussing it's because this thing it says all fields equal to fixed value and we are wondering we don't remember if openform gets the first one that it finds or the last one so if it says okay I found something called front I use it or I found something called front and then I something something else that tells me all the fields equal to fixed value second case is wrong first case is right we'll try it if it gives us a mistake we'll change it when we have front back wedge wedge you understand why this wedge thing right we have our front and back that are kind of similar strange symmetry conditions and this strange symmetry in openform is treated using a specific boundary condition that has a name and the name of this boundary condition is wedge same as Monday and this is standard it's not gen form this openform right finger crossed this is correct am I missing something let's try we go up to the roots of our folder and we try to run gen form at the beginning you always see this mesh to mesh addressing that takes a while do you understand what openform which gen form is doing we have and now we have two different mesh even though fluid dynamics is not used we gave gen form a mesh for fluid and a mesh for neutronics and since it has to transfer field between the two at the beginning it does a mesh to mesh projection and creates an addressing to be able to project fields from one mesh to the other and traction field from one mesh to the other the complicated thing and it takes a while for openform to do it it worked so it was not wrong Alessandro if it worked okay that's interesting I'm curious now let's let's try so you said that if we change the control dict to liquid field falls which I don't find it if it fuel you run it I should get a 1.2 something right faster than thermal hydraulic so give me food for those while I give you the next exercise let's change it back to what it was and then I will think about what happened here I just wanted to show you some results so let's run it again I think I know what happened I will tell you so someone online asked me how to do to visualize with part of you in case part of form doesn't work I told some of you so what you do is you create a file that you can call whatever you want case dot form just an empty file then you do part of you WSL to do these things on time apparently then you open a case you search for your case dot form and it will open simple as that so we have our case we go to the last time steps that we hope it was enough to converge the solution and you look at things you can look at fluxes for different energy groups does this make sense to you as a flux I in the center it goes to zero this was the fixed value Dirichlet boundary condition it was fixed value zero have you tried to look at what happened if you gave zero gradient everywhere so if you give zero gradient everywhere your flux will be flat because there is no reason for the flux to diminish towards the boundary you will see a flat flux and why do you have a higher k effective cause you have no leakages higher no leakages your k effective will increase you remember the six factor factor formula last two factor in the six factor formula leakages and if you remove leakages with a zero gradient your k effective will increase right which will be actually equal to the k infinity exactly so when you do is actually when you have a geometry like this giving zero gradient everywhere is actually a good way to check that your k infinity is what you expect because often when you get cross-section data the tool that gives you the cross-section data will also give you the k infinity typically serpent does that I assume open MC does that no good it's it's a good check it's like in serpent they typically give you the k infinity then you give the cross-sections to gen from and you check that k infinity is the same that way you make sure that you your transfer of cross-sections from Monte Carlo to deterministic was correct well the other fluxes are very similar actually so it doesn't change much to flux five pretty much the same what happens if you look at precar source they look always the same they of course the scale is different but why well because we didn't move our fuel now we did just a single neotronic solution so there's no moving fluid our precursors are sitting there and you have higher for a car so where you have higher flutes in the city things will change in the next assignment next assignment we want to try to put together fluid dynamics neotronics and get our first multi physics simulation before we move forward we have questions about this exercise all right then I will answer a question that I got online sometimes ago I've been asked if you can do both porous medium and heterogeneous geometry in gen form the answer was no a month ago and now it's yes and no meaning we are working on that it's probably going to be ready in a couple of months we should be able to heterogeneous fuel and homogeneous fuel depending on what you prefer to do without even an option it will automatically recognize if you're doing homogeneous or heterogeneous so for the personal line was if you can be patient and couple of months we will be there for the moment when you do fuel we mainly do porous medium that's how gen form was born but we are modifying it to be a bit more flexible may missing something I can go to many things that's why I thought that we need I need to think what happened there liquid fuel impacts a lot of different things it impacts the fact that you move around the precursor or not it impacts the fact that you provide the power directly to the liquid instead of giving it to a structure and then to a liquid and there's at least another which I believe is the reason why you can get different results is that it decides whether we use the temperature of the coolant to parameterize nuclear data t fuel or field temperature because you remember we gave different cross-section set for nuclear data nuclear data field temperature it means we are trying to parameterize based on temperature of the fuel if you have a solid fuel reactor the temperature of the fuel it what comes from the power model fuel pin if you have a molten salt reactor the temperature of the fuel is actually the T of this free dynamic solver so you have to use that switch to decide how you are parameterizing and I believe what happened there is that gen form when you say false is go is try to go and read instead of the temperature of the coolant the temperature of a fuel that is not there and that is set automatically to zero so you are essentially parameterizing your cross-section based on a temperature that was never calculated that makes sense it's not easy but you can see how you know fuel has two different meanings for a fluid react fluid fuel reactor and a solid fuel reactor and that switch as implications and one of the implication is parameterization and I think for those of you who set liquid field to false gen form was trying to parameterize the cross-section based on a fuel temperature that has never been calculated and that is set to zero that would explain why you got a much higher K effective because the parameterization of cross-section makes it for a higher reactivity for lower temperature because we have a negative feedback so if all of a sudden open form gen form was reading or was using a temperature of zero because it was never calculated you would get much higher K effective or this is my call it educated guess about what's happening that I should double check that makes sense 30,000 PCM it's a lot and it may only come from a completely wrong parameterization of cross-section so always be careful if there is a flag that tells you liquid fuel and you have a liquid fuel set it to true all right I would suggest since we are very late as expected I would suggest that we move to the third exercise that is a bit more interesting this time we try to solve the two things together so we show it to you so the idea here is let's see if the velocity field doesn't impact on neutronics for that we need a couple solution we need fluid dynamics plus neutronics since we don't want to run a transit which can keep doing eigenvalue may seem strange but eigenvalue solver will not care if you change it's underlying precursors distribution the eigenvalue solver will adapt it will keep being an eigenvalue solver so what we want to do now is we start from what we had and from the previous two exercises and I would suggest to start from exercise 2 because it now includes both exercise 1 and 2 that's why I told you please copy paste exercise 1 to 2 the second so now you should have a case where you have both matches you have neutronics that has been set your fluid dynamics that has been set you have everything start from there and you try to run a case with coupled solution and fluid dynamics and I would like you to try to plot the results see how the precursor distribution change and see how the case effective changes this is gonna be interesting it's gonna change and I have as usual some tips on how to do the exercise think about what's changing physically for neutronics is there something that we need to solve for now that we were not solving for before maybe there's something that is starting to move around and if you want to solve for that something moving around you will need initial and boundary conditions you will need a new field that you will have to introduce in zero because otherwise it will simply tell you I cannot find it you can try it this is a tricky one so I have to give you a hint sometimes when you use this kind of solvers you will run into numerical troubles you will add this physics and all of a sudden it doesn't converge to well and that's the moment where you look at things like PV solution and Phoebe schemes and when you look at Phoebe schemes as Stefano mentioned to you on Monday most of the time the problem comes from the divergence it's the tricky part to solve and you can choose different schemes there is one that is always bounded meaning it doesn't give strange oscillatory behavior it's first order so it's not super accurate but it's stable it's the upwind scheme think about it you will need to use it and the last hint that I give you is you can start as we did before you start from zero your initial condition is gonna be zero velocity zero pressure is it a good starting point or can we start from something better since we already have solutions for velocity I'm already telling you yeah you should use the velocity solution how to do that you can think about it is the assignment and suggestions so are there sign assignment and suggestions clear enough you have questions otherwise I will let you have fun and as usual we are here if you have questions you call us if you have doubts that you think out of interest for the whole group you let us know and we're answer to the whole group okay I go back to the assignment and anyway you should have the PDF so you can keep also the suggestions with you check what I said this should be a bit shorter than the one we did before so hopefully we can do it before we have to go to the discussion session oh we have the coffee break now now now now okay so think about this for two minutes and then we go to the coffee break so for those that are online we are taking a break will be back in 10 15 minutes