Okay. Great. Welcome, everyone, to the CNCFCI Working Group monthly meeting, today is Tuesday, July 23rd, and the monthly meeting is held monthly on the 4th Tuesday, starting at 12 p.m. Pacific time. This meeting is recorded by CNCF, and will be published to the CNCF YouTube channel. The link to past meeting recordings is in the monthly meeting agenda and notes. Please add your name and contact information to the monthly meeting notes. I'll share that in the Zoom chat. And if anyone would like to propose items for discussion, please add those as well to the meeting notes, as I believe we'll have time. So far on the agenda, we have a link to the shared slides with the CNCF.ci status update. We'll go over some upcoming events, and we've got an introduction and roadmap from Click2Cloud. If there's any other items you'd like to add, please add them at the bullet point under Click2Cloud. Upcoming events on the radar, in September 17th, there will be a GitLab Commit North America Summit in Brooklyn, New York, the CFPs closed last Friday, I believe, for that event. Feel free to click through in the meeting notes to learn more. The Open Networking Summit Europe schedule was just announced today by Linux Foundation. That event is held in Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, September 23rd through 25th. And Taylor Carpenter from Vault Cooperative will be part of a tutorial about driving telco performance with the cloud native network function CNF testbed. That's a preregistration required event, so please click through to learn more and be added to the list. In October, there will be another GitLab Commit Europe in London. Also in the end of October is the Open Source Summit in France. The schedule for that will be announced August 8th. I believe some folks from GitLab will be giving keynotes and possibly have some CFPs accepted. In November, it will be the KubeCon Cloud Native Con North America in San Diego. We've submitted a panel along with GitLab and ARM on lessons learned from building CI CD pipelines for cloud native projects. We'll collaborate with Priyanka and Matt on some of the things we've learned working on CNCFCI with the CNCF-hosted projects. That schedule will be announced Thursday, September 5th, so we will know if our panel idea is accepted in a couple of months. There are some co-located events around KubeCon. One of them is EnvoyCon. The CFP is currently closed, but I believe there are still spots available. If you'd like to attend that co-located event, click through. And there may be other co-located events to be announced. All right, I'll jump into the shared slides. And we can go through a quick intro of the CNCFCI project. What has been completed since our last meeting in release V2.5.0? What's in progress and what is next? The CNCFCI status dashboard is at CNCF.ci and it refreshes every day at 3 a.m. Eastern time. At the top of this, actually, I will go to CNCFCI. The dashboard tests the CNCF-hosted projects on several test environments, running Kubernetes stable on X86 and Kubernetes on ARM.  The test environment shows the status of the provisioning stage and then the projects are listed by status within CNCF. We've got graduated projects. We've got incubating projects and we've got a Linux foundation project, ONAP, currently on the dashboard. Let's see. So we can change the test environment. So this is showing all the projects running their builds and deploys on stable Kubernetes on X86. I can also switch it to ARM and see what projects are building and deploying on ARM, which ones support ARM at this moment. And the same is true for Kubernetes head and Kubernetes ARM. The CNCFCI project consists of the CI testing system, a status repository server, and that user-facing dashboard at CNCFCI. The testing system validates the build and deployment of each project for stable and head on X86 and ARM. And the testing system will be able to reuse existing artifacts from the project's preferred CI system. It can also generate new build artifacts. And the status repo collects those test results and the dashboard displays them. The goals of the dashboard are to complement the CNCF landscape and trail map and promote CNCF-hosted projects to help attract more projects to join the CNCF. We're also demonstrating the use of cloud-native technologies and we'd like to get feedback from cloud-native end users in projects. And this provides a third-party unbiased validation of the builds, deploys, and end-to-end tests for the CNCF graduated and incubating projects currently. The key features of the current iteration of the CNCFCI dashboard is that it's project-centric. We're highlighting and validating the hosted, graduated and incubating projects. So we're putting the projects front and center. And we wish to increase collaboration with the CNCF project maintainers. So as we'll see what is in progress, we're refactoring how builds, deploys, and end-to-end tests are currently retrieved from the dashboard and will be integrating into the project's own CI system. And it's also agnostic testing. We're validating the projects in configurable test environments. And those configurations are currently the Kubernetes release, the architecture, and we're running on bare metal packet. We could run on another provider of bare metal, for example. So that's a quick intro. And here's what we've been working on in the past month. So we recently released V2.5 on July 9th. And we've implemented supporting different CNCFCI environments for each project configuration. We also changed where the release details are retrieved for CNCFCI to allow for more collaboration and external contributions. And we've added those subheaders to display the projects by graduated, incubating, and Linux Foundation. So to dig in a little bit about changing where existing release details are retrieved, we can take a look at ticket 103, which has been closed. The goal is to change where release details are added and updated to increase collaboration with the CNCF project maintainers and allow the CNCF project maintainers to add release details and modify release details that are shown on the CNCFCI dashboard. We've updated the contributing markdown file, which is incrementally updated as each part of the dashboard is refactored to allow external contributions. So we had previously completed updating how the project details are added. And then we built on that using the same project configuration repo per project in the cross-cloud repo. So the release details are regarding the project's latest stable release or the project's latest commit on the master branch. And the CNCF project maintainer can update the release details by going to cross-cloud CI on GitHub, opening up the appropriate project configuration repo for their project, opening up the CNCFCI.yaml file, editing it to update the stable ref and the head ref as needed. So we can take a look at Cordeon S as an example. I'm here at github.com slash cross-cloud CI slash Cordeon S dash configuration. CNCFCI.yaml file on the master branch. And I see that as of yesterday their current release was 152 and their head ref is called master. Whenever they release 153 sample, you can type in 153 and they can create a pull request. And then a maintainer of the CNCFCI project would review and move it forward. And so we have refactored the column one, the project column, where a project maintainer could update the logo, name, caption, as well as the hyperlink. This currently goes to the Cordeon S GitHub repo. The next step was to update the release column where we have completed how to update the stable and head releases. Next or in progress is the build column. So that's what's in progress. We'll get to that in just a second. So we also supported different CNCFCI environments for each project configuration. So this means we have different environments on CNCFCI, we've got the dev, we've got a staging, we've got production. And the per project configuration also have a dev staging and production. The next item that we completed in V250 was the subheaders to display by CNCFCI maturity level, which you can see at a glance here, graduated incubating and Linux foundation. And once Linkerd is graduated, we can update that and it'll be shown appropriately under the graduated status. And we'll be adding more incubating projects as well. We also resolved an issue with our GitLab license disabling the Git mirroring. So the information on CNCFCI was instead of refreshing every day at 3 a.m. Eastern time, the license had expired. And so the information on CNCFCI was about 60 years old and growing. So we had help from the GitLab folks and we had an extension of our trial. And so that will resolve the issue with the disabled Git mirroring. Everything's up to date now, refreshing every day at 3 a.m. And the next, the long-term option would be to review the GitLab and open source license. So that's in progress with the CNCFC folks with GitLab to see if that would be a good solution. And we're currently working on switching to the open source license from GitLab. All right. So we have quite a few epics in progress. We are refactoring the CI on CNCFCI. We currently used a Kubernetes provisioning tool that was customized in-house called the cross-cloud provisioner. And we're switching from maintaining the cross-cloud Kubernetes provisioner to using CubeSpray and Kind with CubeADM. So we've started the refactor epic several steps. The goal is to add support to use CubeADM for bootstrapping Kubernetes clusters onto packet. We needed to update how to provision hardware, so how to provision those packet resources. We also need to add container D support to CubeSpray as container D is a graduated CNCF-hosted project and will be used in place of Docker runtime on the CNCFCI dashboard. And we're also adding ARM support to CubeSpray so that CubeSpray can support the multiple test environments, both x86 and ARM. Next, we will be creating a CNCFCI Kubernetes provisioning wrapper. Once we have the wrapper, we'll be able to create a CubeSpray plugin and a Kind plugin. And then we'll be able to update the Kubernetes release version to current version. Once we have all that in place, we'll be deprecating and no longer maintaining the cross-cloud Kubernetes provisioner. So to talk a little bit about the work in progress epic, oh actually talk a little bit more about the CI refactor. Would anyone like to give more details, maybe Taylor or Denver? Sure, this is Taylor. And if Denver, your audio is working, you can maybe give an update as well. Thanks for the overview, Lucina. The CubeSpray, being able to create clusters on packet with CubeSpray, that portion is done. So we'd call this like the minimal setup. And because the goal for us is to support stuff like at a Kubernetes infrastructure level, being able to plug in different projects, potentially CRIO as a container runtime and as well as container D and use other configuration, that's a good fit for something like CubeSpray. And Kind is very helpful if we want to do fast iterations and full separation of the clusters for, I will say, application level projects that are running on public Kubernetes, which would be the majority of the incubating graduated and what will be sandbox projects. So we're designing this so that we can support both and that's ideal with the plug-in. So it's essentially a very small wrapper that can decide on using CubeSpray or Kind. With CubeSpray, we'd normally be creating multiple, we would provision multiple physical machines in the hardware stage, which happens before this. We could do a single machine with ideas multiple. And then with Kind, we could run everything potentially on one machine, which would allow stuff like debugging a project, let's say, if you wanted to test something, we could easily have a cluster spin up and not worry about a large number of packet machines every time. So that's kind of the idea here, and breaking this into pieces. And the one thing that I was just saying that provisioning, the hardware provisioning stage, it is complete. We did separate that out from the way CrossCloud worked. So with CrossCloud, you would run it and it would actually allocate the machines with whatever cloud provider, and then immediately go into provisioning Kubernetes using, it is custom dropping all of the manifests and everything for Kubernetes. With the new setup, we have it completely segmented off. So those physical machines can be allocated and reused separately. So if we want to reset them, which is a built-in feature with CubeSpray where we can reset the machines to before Kubernetes was set up, we can do that. So we can get some speed up in the CI process. We can also fully wipe those machines and hand them back to packet school. But it's a little bit more configurable there. And as much as possible, we're sticking with trying to not have anything custom on the CubeSpray kind side, but see where we can provide upstream PRs. And that's where the, what we're saying is ARM support is actually pretty generic. Denver, if you're there, maybe you could speak to that. If you're available, I can give a quick overview. But if you'd like to go into that a little bit, what we're doing with CubeSpray, I'm not sure if you're there. Okay, looks like Denver sent me a message that audio may not be coming through because I'm not hearing it. So the main thing with CubeSpray, which we've, again, trying to create PRs upstream for everything and provide tests for whatever changes, we've added support for doing a external image repositories for the containers that CubeSpray would use, as well as it already supported the, I guess, the tags and different tags and images that you could choose. So the main thing was repositories. We did this primarily to get ARM support, but what it allows us to do is select different types. So if maybe CubeSpray doesn't support Kubernetes 115 release or something, if it's a little bit ahead, then you can actually select those by specifying the specific tags that may not be built in. And CubeADM actually supports those. So that's fine. It's a CubeSpray, basically, what is the current most tested stable? And it's a little bit behind. So that's the primary support. It does get us to be able to add ARM support as well by using the ARM binaries that are available upstream. And if we continue to need to support any of specific images for specific builds that may not be available upstream, well, that allows us to do that as well. So if we, say, wanted to build a version of Kubernetes with a specific plugin or something that may not be available upstream, we could still use the same framework and be able to specify, say, the same CFCI registry. Or if there's some other one, like maybe Kubernetes testing SIG has something released, we can do that. So it should be pretty useful for, I think, anybody that uses CubeSpray to be able to use custom registries and custom images along with the defaults that are built in. Kind will be kind of a similar type of thing where we're extending the support that it has. And we're also talking with them about what specific container run times and other things that they're planning to support so that we can focus on either helping them directly on those and getting it sooner in place or adding support for the parts that may be further out in their queue. Does anyone have any questions about this specific part of the, this is the back end, essentially, of CNC-FCI? To go back to it, there's your CI platform. This would be similar to your pipelines and other things that you could see in Travis or anywhere else. And then there's the different stages for creating the clusters, which is what we were just talking about. And then on top of this is a status repository and then the actual dashboard that displays and shows all of that. So this is for that back end piece, both restructuring how pipelines are used, how we're sitting on GitLab to potentially move somewhere else, and then how we actually create the clusters and test environment itself. So for this portion, does anyone have any questions, comments? Probably move on to the next portion. Okay, thanks, Taylor, for that information. It's a big epic, but we are making our way through and making good progress. The next epic that we are also making progress on is adding support for external contributions, changing how information is fed into the CI system and status repo in the dashboard to allow for external contributions and adding and maintaining projects faster. So as we saw on the dashboard, we've got our project details column that has been refactored. We've got our release details column, which has also been refactored. And in progress is changing how the build statuses are retrieved. So here's our ticket 104. We're adding integration with external CI systems that are used by each CNCF-hosted project. Not every CNCF-hosted project uses the same CI system. So we've decided to start with Travis CI. And we decided to look at Travis CI and look at what projects are hosted by CNCF and on Travis CI. And on the dashboard, we currently have LinkerD, which points to the original LinkerD project, and LinkerD has released LinkerD 2. So to move forward with two goals at one, we're adding the LinkerD 2 project to CNCF-CI and building the integration with the LinkerD 2 Travis CI system. So we can take a look at what we've done to start adding LinkerD 2, and then I'll hand it over to Taylor to take a look at this pull request number five on the LinkerD 2 configuration. So we've started adding the project details for LinkerD 2 and confirm with the LinkerD 2 team that they would like it to read LinkerD 2.x. So we've created a new configuration file for LinkerD 2. There also exists a LinkerD-configuration file. So we've built a new one. In that has the project details. So it has the logo URL, which is fetched from the CNCF artwork file. The display name LinkerD 2.x. The subtitle remains the same service mesh. The project URL points to LinkerD 2 in the LinkerD repo. The stable ref as of yesterday was called stable-2.4.0 and the head ref was called master. Their CI system type is called Travis and their CI Travis URL it was showing as Travis-CI.org LinkerD LinkerD 2. So that information is all helping us with the project and release columns on the dashboard. So next we can take a look at pull request number five opened yesterday by Taylor. Taylor, do you want to walk us through some of the files changed here and how we'll reuse this information with other CNCF hosted projects going forward? Sure. I guess I'll start a little bit with the plan here for this build column. So all of this is related to the on the CNCF dashboard, the build column. And for all projects other than on app, the build column is pulling the status information for the compiles and running the unit tests and whatever the artifact creation that's all within the CNCF CI build system, which is a GitLab pipeline. That's what all of this is and you can click like the scene is doing and then you're on the project itself. So this would be similar to any other CI system.  And for CNCF CI, we were replicating what was done by the project. So CoreDNS has their own CI that they're running and doing their own test. And we would look at that and then have to essentially copy everything over and get that going. But there's some specific reasons to get maybe the build artifacts that we needed that weren't available at the time when this was started, as well as specific builds of different architectures. But the end goal is where we're going now is to try to integrate with those existing systems. So that's what's in progress here. And this is an example of what we're saying a project could add configuration to for integrating. So this CNCF CI YAML would be similar to like a Travis CI or CircleCI could potentially be in a project's repo. Right now it lives in what we're doing as a per project configuration repository. It could be copied over. So what we have here is a section where we can define different CI systems that a project uses. And the first two items are what we've seen already went over. What is the CI system type? What is the actual URL to the project? The additional pieces that we've started to add are what is the architecture that's actually used on this? So LinkerD2 right now, from what we've seen, the pipeline that we're referencing builds AMD64. So if they add ARM to this, we could add another architecture in that list. If they don't add ARM, possibly we would be adding it somewhere else in the time being or maybe I know that ARM themselves are working with projects and they have they've been using a different CI system. So this would allow us to actually add multiple CI system integrations if someone had that for whatever reason. And then the next piece is what are the images that we're looking for? And these are the containers created after a successful build and where they're published. This is important because the next stage that's seen on the dashboard is the app deploy. So where do we get those artifacts? And from our standpoint on the CI side, we don't consider a build to be successful unless the artifact was created successfully and published and we verified that you can access it. So if someone's done a full build but there's no binaries or nothing that you can actually use, then we're trusting, we're only trusting the system status, but not that there's anything usable. So that's why this is part of, we're working on this as part of the build phase for LinkerD2. So right now we have two examples. This isn't a full list, but we have the web container and then the controller container for LinkerD2 and for their head tags, we're supporting commit, shahash, and this is specifically the an A character version, which seems to be the common one that's spit out by if you're running the Git command line tools, which a lot of projects seem to be using when they're creating the tags. So this is a match for there. And what we're doing is allowing this to be essentially a variable. So if someone wanted to tag with just commit, that's fine. They could have different strings on here. That's what we're supporting right now. If folks want other, I guess, data available, then we'd love to hear back. Right now the idea is we would want ideally every project to create at a minimum an additional tag since you can do multiple tags on images that are pushed that have the Git commit so that we can tie it to a specific pipeline and build. And this goes all the way back to the dashboard so we can say, here's a commit. We verified the build status and we verified the actual container that was pushed. And we can see it all the way through. And that gets us to the end goal of testing in the end test running on specific commits, builds of the code with a specific commit. We're not showing the stable tag here because at the moment we're tying stable tags for the container image directly to the stable tag that's on the Git repo, which is on the left hand side or at the top you see stable ref. That is what LinkerD 2 is using for both tagging and Git as well as tagging and docker images. That seems to be the case for the CNCF projects that we've been looking at that are publishing containers. If they have a release and they've tagged it in Git, they've created a tag on a docker image that they've also published. So this is in progress. This is about the configuration from an end user side. What would LinkerD 2 do if they're going to maintain it, modify those sort of things. And then what would be behind the scenes, which we're working towards is the integration directly with Travis for checking the status that you're saying based on those URLs in using the Travis API and then going to whatever the container registry. So for image registry, so for that, that was Google's container registry. Being able to pull those down, validate the containers are available, and then we update the status badge. And the good thing with this is if any project is using Travis, then that integration for the Travis portion on the API would be usable. And then we're looking at what are the pieces that are different. And then of course, if there's a project that's say on another one like CircleCI, which you're saying there's now some on GitLab, we'll be adding those. So we're treating every CI system the same. We'll do an integration and as we come to the project. Are there any questions about this just direction that we're going or comments or anyone want to discuss this, either LinkerD 2 specific or just external CI integrations? I have a question. All right. This is Ed from Packet. Ed, do you have a list of target CI systems beyond Travis and Circle that you mentioned, or is that primarily driven by the CI systems that the projects actually already use? It's primarily driven by the projects. And so we're working through from supporting CNCF graduated and incubating since we have most, we're primarily working on the incubating now at this point. And we do have the graduated will kind of be going back to the projects that are currently running on the dashboard and moving from internal CI to external integrations. And the integrations themselves will be driven by those projects. That saying that the code and how we're doing this is of course all open source and we're trying to use as much upstream like the CubeSpray and other stuff. The integrations themselves, I would hope that it would be useful outside of just the CNCF CI. We're trying to make it pluggable. And then if there's any desire to add something else, then happy to have PRs and help on that. Terrific. Thanks. I think Matt Spencer from ARM is talking about Rover for use on a lot of the ARM builds and directly working with projects for adding essentially an additional pipeline that does ARM builds since often the projects are only doing full testing and container publishing for x86. So there it might be something where Rover would maybe be a good contribution external, maybe from ARM to add support for that. And that ties directly in with that multiple CI systems for project, the support that we're trying to account for. So we would add an additional section and it would have the architecture ARM and then we might say here's a public, you know, Rover image, I'm sorry, CI project URL and wherever the image repository is. That sounds good. Any other questions or comments? All right. I'll wrap up this section so that the next presenter can have time for their intro and roadmap. So what's next on CNCF CI? We'll be continuing on the epics that we've been working on the CI refactoring. We'll be creating that Kubernetes provisioning wrapper next, adding support for external contributions. We'll be wrapping up the build integration with LinkerD2 on Travis CI and then starting on the app deploy phase with LinkerD2 continue adding LinkerD2. So the app deploy phase and using their container artifacts that are published and updating the documentation accordingly. We're also doing some maintenance, software updates on the various system, various repos of the system. For more information about the CNCF CI project, you're welcome to take a look at the intro to CNCF CI slides from KubeCon Europe 2019 in Barcelona as well as the deep dive slides available. We welcome your feedback to do that. You're welcome to add an issue to the cross-cloud CI dashboard GitHub repo. Please join the CNCF Slack channel, CNCF-CI. You can send us an email if you'd like. Please join the public mailing list and we meet on the fourth Tuesdays at 12 noon Pacific time. We're also on Twitter at CNCF CI. Next on the agenda is click to cloud introduction and upcoming roadmap. I will stop my screen share and if you'd like to share your screen, feel free to do so. Hello, everyone. It's Shubham from click to cloud. Let me introduce my company. We are a cloud migration company. Hello. Yes. Hello. Thank you. Hello, Lucinda. So let me introduce my company. We are a cloud migration company and we are into China, India and US basically. And we are having our own product for cloud migration. That is cloud brain, cloud billing softwares and cloud compare. And we are core contributors in CNCF. Test test for ARM with its use cases by configuration ARM alert manager adding exporters building GitLab for CI process. We are looking to contribute more into CNCF. So Lucinda, can you please help us? How we can contribute more into this? Yes, I can certainly share some references. Are you on the CNCF Slack channel by chance? Yes, we are on a CNCF Slack channel. Wonderful. And have you joined any of the special interest groups or other working groups by chance? Yes, we have joined a couple of groups in that. Wonderful. What is it that you would like to help contribute with? Sorry, I can't get to your point. Hello. Yes. So the CNCF CI project is currently running on bare metal packet. We used to support multiple clouds. I'm trying to think of some cloud provider SIGs for your cloud migration. In what other ways would you like to contribute to CNCF in general? Hi, Lucinda. This is Rupal from the cloud. Can you guys hear me? Yes. Hi, Rupal. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you. So let me give the basic background where we came and how we started contributing into CNCF. We are a core contributor apart from our product, which is the cloud brain, as she mentioned. We provide the migration to Alibaba, Buave and Azure and AWS. Apart from that, we are a core contributor in OpenLabs, HashiCorp and some of the OpenLabs and CNCF projects. So Anilai, who is the director of CNCF, she asked us to provide the support basically on arms, testing on all the projects, whatever the incubator or graduated projects on arms. So that is the first agenda that we wanted to test all the products. Second is we have your customers who wanted to open source their project under CNCF umbrella. So we are also wanting to give the entire updates of how we can contribute, becoming an advisor under the CNCF umbrella. So there are two different, I mean, one is definitely from IP point of view that how we can help in migration space. And second is few of our customer wanted to contribute their product and open source their product under CNCF. So how we can become an advisor for them. So these are the two asked from Flip the Cloud. Thank you for the background. Let's see. I'm trying to think of some references that the CNCF has given projects. There is if a one of your customers wants to become a CNCF project and become open source, there's a process to create a pull request and present to the TOC to possibly be included as a sandbox project or to be become an incubating project. So I could share that link. It's on the CNCF TOC. So is there any specific community meetings or board meeting where we can present that idea? Our project details like that project has been already open source, but it's not yet contributed in any of the sandbox or integrators. So we wanted to get a couple of projects under this umbrella. So maybe we have like more projects pipeline in future, but guidelines are really appreciated. Absolutely. I'll share the guidelines with you. I know the TOC has a backlog of potential projects. And so you'll be able to take a look at the instructions and go through the process that way through the TOC. And the TOC, the technical oversight committee of the cloud native computing foundation meets three times a month. And so through their GitHub repo, I'll share that in the zoom chat for you. And that will have more information on dates. The TOC community calls are also listed on CNCF.io community calendar. And the next TOC meeting on the calendar will be next month, Tuesday, August 6th. Got it. Thank you. I think till the time we should be able to come up with the exact proposal and roadmap that what are the expectations from the cloud and what we want to get from CNCF? That looks great. Yeah, I'm clicking through the TOC.  So I can share my screen and show you where I'm going. I am in github.com slash CNCF TOC. And I clicked on proposals. However, that may not be the best place to start. Best place to start is usually CNCF.io, the main CNCF landing page. There's a dropdown for projects. Oh, and it wasn't there. So maybe it is in the TOC process. So either way, thank you so much. Taylor dropped in services for projects. Does that say how to become a project? Very good. So I'll drop in the TOC process link as well, which should help with the guidelines and the process on how to create your proposal and how to add yourself to an upcoming TOC or a request to be to present to the TOC. Thank you so much. I think it's really helpful for us. Oh, wonderful. Because I would like to know like if you guys have like if you guys have the plan for the migration or multicloud management related feature and your pipeline, so let just let us know so we can discuss more further about that as well. Because in OpenSDS and some of the other communities, we are also contributing our efforts towards multicloud management and migration related IPs. So one thing to look at is the different the working groups have, they're supporting many different projects and the CI working group. The CNCFCI is one initiative that's part of this working group. CNCFCI is providing a dashboard for CNCF that highlights the different projects and helps with promoting them. It's not say a CI system that's taking over all of the projects. So if you were looking at something like helping a project, a CNCF project to support multicloud or something beyond maybe what their current features are, then that would probably be something to reach out directly to each project or looking at something like talking to the TOC or one of the other groups. This could be something that if you reached out to CNCF staff directly maybe through the help desk link, which is also on that services or the CNCFIO, then that could help with getting some direction if you're talking about multicloud support. The CNCFCI project itself isn't actually looking for that. We actually removed that feature, it was supporting multiple clouds at some point, but that's not the focus on the dashboard itself. Looking at the specific CNCF projects itself and saying which may, I would suggest actually looking at each project and then seeing where it would be a good fit because CNCF is both hosting as far as projects that are officially supported from graduated incubating and then sandbox for potential. It's covering a lot of areas and so the multicloud may or may not fit, but if you'll go and look at those you can probably see where it might be a good fit and then the other place I could recommend looking is the landscape itself, landscape.CNCFIO or L.CNCFIO. That'll give you an idea of where various projects, groups, and then companies are providing services and where what multicloud is doing might fit. I know that CNCF wants to make any type of vendor or project findable or viewable in the landscape, so if you could actually look and kind of think what are you providing and what are you trying to do and that would guide you on being able to communicate what you actually, how you could help the various CNCF projects. It's very large, but the main thing here is on the left that what Lucy is showing, you can select categories and other stuff, there's what type of work you're going to be providing. So if you can do some of that and then look ahead once you're talking to the appropriate people and CNCFIO be able to communicate, here's the type of projects that we can help with. Got it. I think it's like we've got enough information from you. Next meeting we'll be able to share the plan after leaving all those details and be so much for providing this. You're welcome and I think we're at the hour. So Lucy, if you want to close it out and then next meeting. Yeah. That's great. Oh thank you for in advance for concluding to the CNCF. Our next meeting will be on August 27th at 12 noon pacific time and some action items. It sounds like if you haven't already joined Slack, please visit slack.cncf.io into your email address for your invite and then join the CNCF-CI channel among others and feel free to subscribe to the CNCFCI public mailing list where we'll send out a reminder of when the next meeting will be and when the next release of CNCF-CI has been published. Thanks everyone. See you all next time. Thank you. Enjoy your week. Bye bye. Thank you.


The study uses a coupled hydrology biogeochemistry model to estimate changes in pan-arctic land-atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide exchanges under two climate change scenarios, considering water-table dynamics and permafrost flooring effects. The simulations indicate that terrestrial ecosystems act as a net GHG-sync of minus 0.2 PGCO2, EQYR-1, with CH4 emissions and CO2 uptakes projected to increase in response to warming climate, but the increasing rates depend on the scenario. Thorin-permafrost offsets about two-thirds of the accumulated GHG-sync over the century under the no-policy scenario, while nearly all CO2-induced GHG-sync through photosynthesis is undone by CH4-induced GHG source over the century. The study highlights the importance of increasing active layer depth in affecting soil carbon decomposition and methane emissions in response to future climate change. This article was offered by Su Dong-shu, Qian Lai-chuang, Xiong Dao, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Well, I've tried rather hard to think about how what I'm going to talk about is directly relevant to the theme. And I realized that when I wake up in the morning, I ask myself one question every day. And that is, what I'm doing today, will normal market forces do it? And if the answer is yes, stop. Anything normal market forces will do, I do know what to do. Because I believe that normal market forces will be do many things, but not the important things and the ones that I would like to intervene and see happen. Hence, my whole life is, if you will, in the public sector. I don't look at the private sector. Many people ask me, why didn't one laptop per child cooperate with these CSR programs of big corporations? Well, there tend to be a bad joke. Corporate social responsibility is in the world of philanthropy and affect a bad joke. Because they are small, they are divided geopolitically, and the real meaning of those is more public relations than making the world a better place. And the public sector is in the places that you really want to affect sort of a mess. And so it's a hard place to deal with. So what I'm going to do is talk to you a little bit about education in the way that we tried to do it with one laptop per child with the benefit of having done this now for four years. I would come to your center to hear. I'd give talks in the early days when it was a wish. It was sort of a dream, a proposition. Now there are 3 million laptops in the hands of kids, five to 12 years old in 40 countries, 25 languages, growing by leaps and bounds. And those are our laptops. Now there are lots of other laptops, probably five or six times as many as ours. So even though the number is smaller than I would wish, the number of kids in the developing world that are connected with their own laptop, maybe not one that they can take home, like ours. In fact, we make that a requirement. Is probably some number closer to 10 or 15 million children. Still not huge considering that the population of kids that we would want to reach is something like 500 or 600 million to be at 15 as a step, but not a very big or a complete one. What we have discovered, I think more than anything else, is that everybody who had thought of the use of computers in learning was completely fixated on teaching children, on imparting to children a body of knowledge, and that children would learn through maybe a curriculum, through content. When people tell me the word content, I sort of shiver because I realize that they don't really understand what you want to see happen. And that is you want to see children teaching. And we have in Peru about a million laptops in that one country. And I would say as many as 20, 30% of those children are teaching their parents how to read. And if that doesn't put goosebumps on your goosebumps, I have nothing else to tell you. But when these kids teach their parents how to read, it completely changes their role in the family, in the village, and that to me is the most profound kind of learning because the self-esteem of those kids, the joy they get out of teaching and the joy they get out of learning is the one thing you want them to get. Not about test scores or memorizing stuff. So when I now use these pictures really like Musac to sort of remind myself to say things and also some of them are quite extraordinary. This picture was sent to me recently. I have no, obviously no idea who this young girl is, but the intensity with which she is focused on what she is doing. And you may notice there's a little hat in the background which is her baby brother. I just think that the effect on this young girl's life will be quite dramatic. This is a child again in Peru. I'm sorry, the images are not higher resolution. We were very often criticized for being too child-centric. And the reason I show this image is because you would like to see this happen all over the world. This teacher had never worked with computers obviously, but more importantly, the way he taught was that every child was sitting on little sort of in lines, one behind the other, perfectly still, and it was in a corporal punishment was actually part of the curriculum. And this is the way he teaches now. He doesn't teach in any other way. And the kids run to the classroom and the parents hang in the windows. And that is again the kind of learning that you wanna see happen. And I think that when the world is a connected world, you're gonna see a lot more peace and that's gonna come in part from the elimination of poverty, which could only happen through education. I mean, there are many ways to eliminate poverty, but they all include education. So what I would like to focus on is what might be sort of counterintuitive in this. And I had to give opening speech at the UN on Monday and I as usual try to take a position that sort of annoys the audience and advocated that sustainability was really a very bad thing. And of course, everybody was trying to make sustainable NGOs. And the reason sustainability is not a good thing in my mind is that it usually leads to very small thinking. And a lot of the so-called NGOs of this world spend a lot of their time in existence and figuring out how they're gonna exist and do something micro, feeding itself and sustainability is an excuse to be small. And sidewalks aren't sustainable. Clean air isn't sustainable. That's not done through an economic model of sustainability that I'm gonna do something or in something, it's done with a much bigger vision. And the next thing that I suggested that was wrong and I'm gonna get into trouble in this group, but I really believe it and that is I think measurement is wrong. Measuring results is a waste of time. And when people measure results, that means that what they did was so small that the only way you could see it was by measuring. And that the things you wanna do in life are big enough that they don't need measurement. And if you're gonna eliminate poverty or you're gonna build buildings that don't fall down with earthquakes, you don't have to measure just noticeable differences and that the measurement comes from a process where donors, particularly bureaucrats, are so nervous they want you to measure the results. Now I told you there are three million laptops out there. Do you know how many the world bank did? Somebody like to guess? Out of three million? Zero, zero. Now why does the world bank do zero? Because they want you to measure the results. And we say, what do you mean measure the results?  Truancy, which averaged 30% in one country we went to drop to almost zero, it was like 1%. No, no, no, no, we want other kinds and then we want these, this kind of testing and that kind of testing is saying, you know, come on. You really are changing society in very fundamental ways. So who were the people who did it? Which countries? One country was Uruguay and the president of Uruguay did it because he had the strength of character. He stood up and he said, every child in my country will have a connected laptop in 18 months, period. And in 18 months every child in that country, 500,000 of them today have a connected laptop. People of the world bank don't do that because in bureaucracies if it doesn't go well you get the blame and if it goes well your boss gets the credit. So there's really no sort of incentive and we looked around at various countries and the countries that have done it like Peru in case of Garcia or Rwanda in the case of Kagami was always the strength of character of the head of state. So to not take more than my time I wanna show you quickly what we're doing today only because I don't think I've shown this publicly before and the first one of these arrived in Jakarta, I haven't even seen it about three hours ago. So one of the things we're doing today is which is very different than the laptop. When we built the laptop about four, four and a half years ago we had to build the laptop. There wasn't one. Everybody thought it was a silly idea, the industry didn't want it and so we just had to actually build it. So now we're doing a tablet and this is the tablet. It's waterproof, covered rubber, the rubber fits on the back and you can see sort of images of it, very simple, be well below $100, be better than an iPad, it'll be as good as a Kindle in the sunlight. This time we don't have to build it. This time we can just threaten to build it. And all we need to do is show working engineering models and we can prove that the bill of materials is well below 70 bucks and anybody else is welcome to build it. We might build it too, but anybody. And so all you have to do this time around because nobody questions it anymore is to actually threaten to do it. So this is what we're threatening to do. There it is and I'll use the rest of the time for Q&A. Thank you. So I'll open it up to the room in a minute but I have a question because it brings up one of the themes that I think we've been skirting around a lot today which is the question of privilege because one of the, certainly one of the issues around privacy is that it's easy to be in public when you're very privileged and when you have a lot of power and that one of the things that we need to deal with with privacy is perhaps protecting the role of the underprivileged or those whose actions and beliefs are not part of the mainstream. And so I was struck with looking at your slides. How many of you have read Sherry Turkle's book Alone Together or have heard of it? Most of you have heard of it's a phrase but there's certainly a big resonance in a lot of writing today that when views show well off children sitting next to each other each side by side with their screens. It's shown as this nightmare of contemporary culture that we don't know how to talk to each other anymore that we're asocialized and all we do is sit in front of our computers. And when we show a picture like this of school children in a poor community sitting side by side at their screens the story it tells is of the wonders of technology and the openness of education. I was wondering if you could say something about why do we see these different currents between giving this laptop here doesn't make people think oh my God why are they doing this, why can't they talk anymore? And why do we see that same image when we see it with American youth as such a nightmare? Well, I'm not sure that when I see American or European kids huddled around laptops that way that I think of it as a sign that they can't communicate. And many people say to us why, if you're doing this why don't you do it in the United States and why don't you do it in developed countries? And the answer is that it's first of all a much harder problem. It's much harder to renovate a house than to build a new one. And education in this country is such a catastrophe for all sorts of structural reasons. Give you three quick ones is that they're 15,000 school districts. Another one is it's run on real estate taxes and the third being that it's based on tests. So you got three fundamental structural problems that change your view of the way kids talk to each other and the way they might use, which make it a much harder problem. So I'm not sure it's so much the social difference or the privilege. It's sort of our education system has got such fundamental flaws. Flaws that when I see programs like KIPP or some of the things the Gates Foundation says or Bill says, I say to myself, wow, they just don't see the real issue in our education system. And it's a much deeper problem than sort of alone together, which I think by the way is a great title and Sherry's book may benefit from people using it as an expression in the language where you go out to dinner and your spouse is on the cell phone and you say sweetheart, we're alone together.


Everybody forced tier-ripping 2023 black football Divisions case here number three random divisions I'll show you the results on your screen right now. Make sure you check those out of late sports cards.com anytime if you need to Your links in chat. Let's get started three total spots tonight Falcons and NT and two Spots of flawless serial numbers left for football. That's it. That's it. That's it You need a personal order up soon You're gonna finish behind but there's still a little bit a little bit of space left CA shield here Well, I think we've seen one yet at the shot from black. So maybe we're due We did pull a Henson hooker swoosh on release day. All right. We got a nice Jameer Gibbs is 75 NFC north Oh starting off very nice the AFC West white knight Davante Adams Very nice SP Davante Adams AFC West white knight Color match with them Cedric Tillman at rookie jersey card to 150 AFC north Start here. What that? Whoo, that's awesome to 50 smoke show signatures Austin Eckler AFC West AFC West killing it That's van congrats van Eckler to 50 on that one And then a Cedric Tillman RPA for the AFC north five of 199. That's good first box All right, I'm Ari Cooper on the orange color match here to 25 for the Browns AFC North Rookie base Tully Tui pelotu AFC West got 8 and 0 Connell on the rookie patch card 16 of 50 AFC West and missing a hit here boy. We got a cave on tibidow on the State it's a 25. What is this called again? I Forget the name. It's it's a crazy illiterate alliteration a with three eyes or something like that nice tibidow That's gorgeous Did miss an auto right there. Hopefully we get it in In one of the other boxes here, but the tibidow is NFC east of course Kirk Kirk O'Chains is 75 for the NFC north purple Got a Zay flowers rookie for the AFC north Marvin Mims rookie Jersey to 99 AFC west Mims has been solid this year redemption Trey Hendrickson Iconic impact ink Royal That's what it's called iconic impact ink. So that is to get a look exactly like the cave on tibidow Hendrickson is a bangle That's AFC north go AFC West again 8 and 0 Connell rookie dual patch autographed to 99 great O Connell Mags his Market took an upswing for sure. I think Garoppolo might start this week, but I don't know if there's confidence in Garoppolo kind of maybe outside of like they're just trying to get something going there in Vegas, but I Don't know I Don't know man. They're they're they're Not the best team Unfortunately for Raiders fans got two out of 75 for the AFC east. They're not good either They're just not Oh, here we go Keon white Patriots rookie AFC east. There we go. Oh Wait, dude, they're amazing They're like they're like the Kansas State of the NFL. I think Jalen hurts Wow 2025 on the logo patch NFC east Green color match to go NFC east AFC West again rookie auto Trey Tucker to 199 And a schoonmaker rookie dual patch auto to 99 For the NFC east All right, you got a 75 James and Williams the NFC north Maisie Smith rookie NFC east NFC north Roshan Johnson rookie patch to 150 the NFC north NFC north again a Jaden Reed rookie autograph to 199 And a Marvin Mims rookie dual patch auto to 99 AFC West Solid hit with the mims both breaks to have spots up on our down to one Yep, Falcons and NT flawless down to one AFC West is killing it here Trey Palmer out of 35 NFC south on the rookie Damian Pierce base a Mod saw Skarner jersey card to 150 AFC west that's the Starlight materials rookie auto for the AFC east K-sham butte to 199 and AFC north nice one here to 50 on the RPA Dorian Thompson Robinson with that orange color match Nice ones All right halfway through. Let's see what else Vicki Vicki to 75 golf for the NFC north Darnell Washington rookie Rock party patch card numbered one of 50 Starlight materials for the NFC west DJ more sizable signatures 12 of 50 NFC north Pretty good time to get a DJ more. He just had a career game Fields with back-to-back is it the two best weeks of his career back-to-back, which is nice flawless sold out we're just looking at the NT with the Falcons left sizable of DJ more and Jordan Addison NFC north RPA to 199 good NFC north box. They're very good indeed There's more black football PYT's on fanatic slide tomorrow everybody. I'll be ripping those you got NT football tomorrow We've also got Bowman to chrome baseball cosmic chrome baseball and some cheap WWE Let's say Jonathan Taylor at a 35 for the AFC south Trey Lance base Taylor's playing this week too. It seems like Stetson Bennett rookie Jersey NFC west to 150 but be sure to like to stream everybody as much appreciated. I Know there's a lot of people watching and zero people chatting, but we appreciate it AFC west here Trey Tucker rookie auto to 25 and AFC south tank Dell RPA to 50 nice hit AFC south and the Dell tank Looks pretty good. It's pretty good so far All good dusty Sean's waiting for NT. Got dudes falling to 75 NFC East Got a Rashad white Zay flowers rookie triple jersey to 99 for the AFC north AFC north on the Zay Brian branch rookie out of the 199 for the NFC north. Yeah, dude baseball starts at one and just goes And a Sean Clifford RPA to 99 NFC north Reboxes left. We need a banger Need a monster It's been a pretty I guess I guess average case so far Spend some QB RPAs nice position players as well, but we need like something that's gonna Make a headline. You know what I mean? There's a Nick Chubb the 25 for Cleveland That's right James baseball baseball baseball baseball baseball Jonathan Taylor AFC south base Jonathan Mingo rookie Jersey to 150 rookie and flex Jersey NFC south. I Cannot Greg I cannot I'll be here a little while longer as well. I'll be here early in the morning I'm gonna be here. I'll be finishing like my fifth break by the time Sean wakes up Luke schoonmaker rookie out of the 199 NFC east here we go Sam LaPorta to 25 rookie dual patch autograph NFC north He has been a pretty darn especially considering. He's a rookie tight end tight end is the is probably the toughest position to translate to in the NFL But he's mostly a receiver and he's looked pretty good so far a Good compliment to Almond Ross St. Brown and some of the other weapons they have there nice LaPorta NFC north Said it's hot. Yeah, I may as well Okay, I Guess I'm going backwards here. That's a London There's remandrated 25 AFC east let's go Pat's let's go Pat's Most play through 30 Yeah, like three ten Jersey to 150 Justin Jefferson for the NFC north redemption Cortland Sutton base autographs emerald for the AFC west wish me luck. I'm starting him in fantasy this week We're hitting bye weeks. So I mean It's my dinosaur. I got to get him going. We start like three receivers and like three flexes or something like that It's crazy. This is a flowers RPA to 199 AFC north Okay, pretty well rounded case. I mean I haven't had anything huge, but we have one more chance something huge here Got one more chance We're still just got the Falcons guys there 799 the Falcons at 799, you know what? I'll mark them down one more time. All right Come on shield me Kyle. When does when does Bournemouth and Everton play here? We go now we're talking Season starts I think next weekend Yeah, or middle of the next week We do spawn rookie that's 75 for the NFC east someone got Falcons Look at that.  I think he's gonna work up to more touches That offense is kind of stacked anyway, but man He's got the he's got some open field moves, dude Tyler Scott's rookie Jersey NFC north to 150. Oh, here you go NFC west and Jake Moody rookie auto to 199 Good rookie kicker. Don't disrespect kicker autos, dude. They do well This guy can become a very good kicker then that's the night. That's nice. He's not gonna be in every product So and then we've got a Jackson Smith and jake bub blacked out RPA 32 of 50 NFC west That is sick. I like this design. What do you guys think about this design? I think this is new Like it though It looks good. No solid case. It's nothing huge though. Unfortunately. We will recap here start with relics of Scott Jay Jeddah's Mingo Zay flowers Stetson Bennett Brock Purdy sauce gardener Roshan Johnson first car would say Roshan Johnson Hurts on the logo Mims O'Connell and Tillman the Smith and jake bub blacked out RPA. It's very nice Moody Zay flowers AFC West Redemption Coraline Sutton rookie or base auto Emerald La Porta to 25 as a good one for the NFC north schoonmaker Clifford at 1099 RPA Brian Branch Tank Delta 50 Appreciate you tree. Thank you. Thank you. Trey Tucker Addison to 199 NFC north seems like they did super well here DJ Moore Dory and Thompson Robinson orange Cachon butte Marvin Mims Jaden Reed Trey Tucker schoonmaker These are really cool Impact iconic impact something like that. It's triple I it's in one of the Redemptions here There it is iconic impact ink is one of those is iconic impacting Tim Ado to 25 NFC east got Tillman That is an Echler smoke show signatures the 50 AFC west on the royal of the purple there And iconic impact ink AFC north Trey Hendrickson and the royal and then we had NFC north white night Jameer Gibbs on the short print and dual Patrick E. Otto O'Connell to 99 AFC West thanks everybody moving on now to more football


Are you having difficulty opening up in a relationship? Life is about being courageous, but this doesn't mean you don't fear. It's natural to be doubtful or uncertain when you take a risk. The same can be said of being in a relationship. You don't stop being afraid just because you're romantically involved with a person. Rather, it allows you to grow, even if it means failure or heartache. You have the benefit of building something worthwhile and fulfilling. There are six ways to be vulnerable in love. 1. Admit and own up to your mistakes. Our pride and ego can ruin our relationship with our partner when we worry more about being judged by them than admitting our flaws. Granted, it's not comfortable letting your guard down and allowing someone else to see your not-so-good side, quirks and all. But being self-aware and viewing ourselves in a healthy manner will help us grow and improve personally, contributing to a loving relationship. 2. Listen to your partner's needs and difficulties without quickly trying to problem-solve. While it's always good to quickly solve problems so that they don't stress you out unnecessarily, sometimes it's not always easy to think straight when your emotions are all over the place. Being vulnerable, then, means putting yourself in your partner's shoes. It means not only being in touch with your own emotions, but the emotions of your partner, too. You're essentially mindful of the pain or distress that they are going through. This will help you realize that maybe all they really need is a shoulder to cry on and not just a solution. 3. Learn to let go of your control. If you have a strong leader personality, it may be difficult for you to give up the reins and allow your partner to take the initiative. In order to be vulnerable, you need to allow your partner to make decisions for both of you at times. If you don't, you could seem dismissive or hard to approach in times of disagreement. Vulnerability is a good thing because it shows that you trust your partner, so it's good to let go every once in a while. 4. Hold on to who you are without allowing shame or embarrassment stop you from being real.  If you're a bookworm or a philanthropist, do what feels right and natural for you. It's perfectly okay to have opinions and perspectives that are different from your partners. Never compromise who you are to be with someone. You also shouldn't have to always rely on your partner to make you feel better about yourself because that would be codependency, not vulnerability. It's important to know when to assert yourself. 5. Check in with reality. Geraldine Pirkowski, author of Too Close for Comfort Exploring the Risks of Intimacy, writes, Rather than invalidating what you're feeling, it can help to have a different perspective on whether your emotions and the actions that follow them are in line with the facts of what's actually happening. Insecurity can make you distort your reality. It's important then to ask your partner to help you figure out what's real or not. For example, if you think that your partner is cheating on you, it could be that you're being affected by your own personal past experience. Make it a habit to check in with reality so that you don't jump into conclusions without concrete evidence. 6. Help your partner feel safe. Vulnerability is not just about your needs, thoughts, and emotions. It's also about your partner's needs, thoughts, and emotions. It's better to establish communication that allows both you and your partner the space to express yourselves freely rather than bottling up your emotions. Show your partner you have their best interests at heart by encouraging them to let you in at a pace that they are comfortable with. Do so in a non-pushy, non-aggressive manner. Love can't be forced nor rushed, but it can always be well. What is holding your heart back? Share your thoughts below. If you enjoyed this video, please like and subscribe to see more content from Psych2Go. Thank you for watching!


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankarayesh Academy. Displayed are the list of news articles taken for today's analysis and their page numbers in different editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and the time stamping of the displayed articles are provided in the description box and the time stamping is also provided in the comment section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. Now let's move on to the analysis of first news article. This news article talks about the recent bilateral meeting that happened between India and the United States on 26th August 2019. This bilateral meeting has took place on the sidelines of the G7 summit which was held in Beirut in France. Though India is not a member country in G7 informal grouping, we should know that India was invited by France to attend the summit and this bilateral meeting is significant because it involved the heads of government from both sides. From Indian side the Prime Minister of India and from the side of United States it was represented by the US President himself. Before this bilateral meeting there was internationalization of India's internal matter with respect to Jammu and Kashmir. This was done by Pakistan and China and when we say internationalization of India's internal matter we refer to the statements given by the Pakistan government or the Chinese government or the efforts taken by Pakistan and China so as to conduct a closed consultation in United Nations Security Council and we know that UN Security Council has discussed the issue of Kashmir after a long time since it discussed the issue in 1971. And before the meeting we were also seeing a wide range of tweets and information from the United States that the US President is willing to mediate between India and Pakistan with respect to the issue of Kashmir if requested. But the biggest diplomatic success for India after the meeting is that the US President has said that both India and Pakistan can resolve the issues among themselves. So and with respect to the issues between India and Pakistan India's stand is that all the issues between India and Pakistan are bilateral in nature that is all the issues are between India and Pakistan only and there is no requirement of another country to come and take part in the issues between the two countries and that both India and Pakistan can discuss and resolve the issues bilaterally and India does not want to trouble any third country. The news article also states that the meeting between the heads of government is principally focused on trade and energy and the Prime Minister has said the importance of energy imports for India from the United States in the coming days and the news article mentions that India has already planned to get the imports worth 4 billion US dollars from the United States with respect to energy imports and based on the statements of US President we can say that there was a discussion also on military issues and also other things after the bilateral meeting between US President and the Prime Minister of India. The Pakistan Prime Minister has stated that he will raise the Kashmir issue on every international forum and this is a response from the Pakistani government because of the diplomatic victory that India had in the bilateral meeting. This is because Pakistan want to internationalize the issue Pakistan want someone to mediate between India and Pakistan while India has categorically rejected any scope for third-party mediation between the two countries on Kashmir. Earlier the Defence Minister of India has stated that any talks on India with respect to Kashmir will be only about Pakistan occupied Kashmir and not about any other part of erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. While Indian Foreign Secretary is saying that India has not taken any step to harm regional stability and that normalcy is returning to Jammu Kashmir and there are certain restrictions in Jammu and Kashmir and that is only to maintain law and order. Pakistan Prime Minister has stated that Pakistan government will stand by the Kashmiris till Indian government lifts the restrictions in the valley. While Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of Indian territory, the Prime Minister of Pakistan has referred it to a Kashmiri nation. This is because he has asserted that the entire nation of Pakistan should stand with the Kashmiri nation and he also added that he himself that the Prime Minister of Pakistan will act as the ambassador for Kashmir and the Pakistan government has also planned to raise the Kashmir issue in the upcoming UN General Assembly as well and the Prime Minister of Pakistan has also asked the people in Pakistan to hold weekly protests to support the Kashmiris and he has also issued some statements based on the nuclear capability of two countries and these statements are in a kind of provoking the international community so that they have to involve in mediation between the two countries which are having nuclear weapons. And we have to know that according to the Shimla agreement that was signed on July 2, 1972 both India and Pakistan have agreed to resolve all issues between them bilaterally without the involvement of any mediation and if at all any other peaceful arrangement that has to be based on mutual agreement. So these are some of the issues with respect to these news articles. Now let's move on to next article. These news articles are with respect to the recent fires in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. First, let's see some important facts with respect to Amazon rainforest. See it is a tropical rainforest. When we say tropical rainforest, it means that these rainforests are closer to the equator but certainly between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and Amazon rainforest occupy the drainage basin of Amazon River and its tributaries in the northern South America and it is called as the world's largest and biggest rainforest as it covers an area of around 60 lakh square kilometers. Coming to the boundaries in the north it is bounded by Guiana Highlands and in the south it is bounded by Brazillian Central Plateau on the west we can see Andes Mountains and on the east it is bounded by Atlantic Ocean and because of its location between the tropics and because of the sunlight they are usually warm all around the year and their temperatures are in the range of between 22 to 34 degrees and it is said that the average annual temperature in the entire Amazon rainforest is 27 degrees Celsius. These are called as rainforests. See because of the intense solar energy the air mass rises in the convection zone and loses its moisture through convective rainfall every day. Therefore, we can see rainfall every day. So that is one of the reason why they are called as rainforests. So rainfall here is throughout the year and the precipitation here averages to around some 250 centimeter. We can see the lowest range around some 200 centimeter and in some places the precipitation or the rainfall is found even 1000 centimeter per year and we can see a layered vegetation in the rainforest that is there will be three distinct layers of natural vegetation. The top layer will consist of giant trees that grow to heights over 150 feet. This layer of vegetation of giant trees they prevent sunlight from reaching the ground and the middle layer is made up of smaller trees, ferns and palms. These are the trees that can tolerate shades of larger trees. The bottom layer of the rainforest is covered with wet leaves and leaf litter. This material you know leaf litter they decompose rapidly and they send nutrients back into the soil soon and because of the less availability of sunlight the undergrowth is not dense. This is because sunlight is cut out by the trees as we saw in the top layer. The Amazon rainforests are one of the world's most important carbon banks or carbon sinks. Now it is said that they store equivalent amount of carbon to the tune of 10 years of global fossil fuel emissions in its trees. That is why they are called as carbon banks. They are also called as lungs of the world. And this is because of the nature of pumping oxygen into the atmosphere that becomes very crucial for the survival of human ecosystems. And this Amazon rainforest is home to around 3.3 crore people and this includes around 420 indigenous communities or tribal populations. And we can find around some 40,000 plant species, 3,000 freshwater fish species and more than around 370 types of reptiles. Now these are important to highlight the rich diversity in the rainforest. And they also act as a natural defense against global warming. This is because of the ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change. We have been seeing news with respect to fires destroying the vegetation or the natural vegetation in the tropical rainforests of Amazon. And if such destruction is not stopped or halted, it can lead to severe impacts on human health and human livelihoods and rich biodiversity. And it will also expose the world to climate change related impacts and also more disasters. And we have been reading in newspapers that the present situation with respect to forest fires have been aggravated because of clearing of forest for the purpose of cropping, for the purpose of grazing, for the purpose of using them as pasture land, et cetera. We have been witnessing huge level of deforestation in the rainforests. For example, say in the state of Rondonia in Brazil, even by the year 2003, they said that around more than 60,000 square kilometers of rainforest were lost because of deforestation, because of clearing of forest and also because of degradation. It is in these scenarios we have to assess the present situations of forest fire in the Amazon rainforest. The loss of forest due to fire can have a huge impact on Earth's resilience against climate change. And it takes so many years to bring the same ecosystem again in place. And the destruction can also play a role in altering the atmospheric cycles in the region which in turn may affect other regional atmospheric cycles. Altering atmospheric cycles can have a role on modifying the weather and climate, modifying the pattern of rainfall in the region. That's what when we mean altering atmospheric cycles. The news article also talks about a city called as Porto Velo City. Now this is the capital city of the state, Rondonia in Brazil. Several fires have been seen in the state in August 24 recently. And the news article mentions that efforts are being taken by using aircrafts which carry thousands of liters of water as a part of firefighting strategy. The smoke as a result of huge fires have also contributed to pollution in the nearby region. It also adds to the atmospheric cycle which can be carried out by the winds. Experts are saying that there is a patterned way of deforestation in Amazon rainforest. They are saying that initially they will construct some roads. These could be legally constructed or illegally constructed that enter into remote parts of the forest and then some small farmers migrate to the area and then they claim the locations along the road and they clear some of the area for cropping. When the region is unable to utilize for agriculture, at that time farmers convert the degraded land into cattle pasture and they clear more forest for crops because once a particular land is unusable they will clear nearby forest area for cropping and they will use the degraded land for cattle pasture for grazing of cattle. And when they are unable to manage their livelihood in the region they finally sell the land or abandon it to large cattle holders. These holders, they consolidate the plots into large areas of pasture. So this is one of the organized pattern in which some of the parts of Amazon rainforest have undergone deforestation. In the news article we can find a statement that the Brasils president has ordered an investigation into a report which says that rural producers in the northern state of Para they have held a day of fire and this is conducted to show a support of their president and it is said that the present president of Brasil supports exploitation of resources in Amazon rainforest allegedly against the environmental balance. He has been widely alleged that he's supporting to create mining industries and other industries that can threaten the balance of environment and recently the group of seven countries they have agreed to spend 20 million euros on the Amazon rainforest mainly to send firefighting aircrafts to tackle the fires in the world's biggest rainforest and they have also agreed to support a medium term reforestation plan and they have announced that this plan will be announced in the UN General Assembly scheduled in September 2019. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of these news articles. Now let's move on to next article. This news article talks about a minimum income guarantee scheme that may be soon be launched in the state of Chattisgarh. This minimum income guarantee scheme is called as Nyai scheme whose full form is Niyuntham Aya Yojana. Niyuntham in Hindi means Aya Yojana means income scheme. So it means minimum income scheme. So initially it is likely to be launched as a pilot project in Chattisgarh. Now the objective of this pilot project is to project the cost, the feasibility and the possible impacts if the project is extended all over the state. The pilot project is expected to begin in a small area in one of the districts of Chattisgarh. Nyai means justice. And this scheme is expected to attack or strike poverty. It promotes social justice and economic justice. The concept of minimum income guarantee comes under a requirement of a just and non-exploitative society. Any society that guarantees a decent minimum income is said to pass the test of justice. And it also promotes economic justice. If you see the preamble of Indian constitution it says that the people of India have resolved to secure to all its citizens social justice, economic justice and political justice. And if you come to directive principle of state policy that is in part four of Indian constitution. Article 38 talks about securing a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. In this social order there shall be social justice and there also shall be economic justice. So these are some of the areas where we can find the concept of social justice and economic justice mentioned in our constitution. Now they are saying that this scheme is supposed to be a surgical strike on poverty. It will also act as a diesel for the engine of Indian economy and it will also re-monetize the economy particularly the rural economy. Now let's see few provisions that are expected to be implemented in the state of Chattisgarh. They are targeting to provide rupees 6,000 per month or rupees 72,000 per year to around 20% poorest families in the state. The beneficiary will be identified and as far as possible the money will be transferred to the bank account of a woman in the family. Though the scheme will now be implemented as a pilot project it is expected that by October 2 the birth anniversary of Magatma Gandhi the scheme could be expanded to the rest of the state of Chattisgarh. The news article mentions that this scheme was distilled down from the idea to provide universal basic income. The purpose of universal basic income is to address poverty and to reduce or to address the income inequality among the Indian citizens. The universal basic income has been mentioned as the fastest way of reducing poverty according to the economic survey of 2016-2017. And any minimum guarantee scheme is expected to be practically useful for the beneficiaries so that they will be able to manage the risks they face because of poverty. Such a provision will also guarantee them a basic or a minimum living standard whenever there is uncertain employment generation. It also creates an environment for the beneficiaries so that they can now decide whether to have a full-time engagement or a partial engagement with the labor market. Such a calibrated engagements they can do without any fear of losing employment or any other benefits associated with that. The news article also mentions that in the current economic scenario the rural income has been stagnant for years and in such situation such a scheme will be more relevant to inject financial fluidity. So the scheme will provide the 20% of the poorest families in the state of Chattisgarh a basic level of support so that they can free themselves from worrying about just surviving and they can now think about other things maybe related to education maybe related to health and other developmental needs. Such kind of minimum income schemes are just a guaranteed income so that it can act as a cushion to survive under extreme situations. In line with such minimum income transfers or minimum income schemes we also have other schemes for example at the national level there has been announcement for PM Kisan and say for example in Telangana there is a scheme called Raithu Bandhu in Odisha there is a scheme called Krushak scheme similarly there is also a scheme in West Bengal. So for better comparison we urge you to go through all these schemes for example if you see PM Kisan it promises to give 6000 rupees per year whereas if you see this proposed scheme in the state of Chattisgarh it provides a better minimum basic income for example rupees 6000 per month and there is also difference in the standards by which a beneficiary is decided. For example in the case of PM Kisan we can see the criteria of land and here the criteria is about poverty and there will be prescribed standards as and when the scheme will be launched as a pilot project in Chattisgarh. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now let us see next article. This news article talks about the energy and trade related discussions that occurred during the bilateral talk between India and United States. With respect to trade related issues the US has been criticizing the World Trade Organization for treating India and China as developing countries. They are demanding that the World Trade Organization should treat India as a developed nation and the US president has also criticized the Indian policies which impose high tariffs on the US products. These issues have been going on since 2016-17 and even it is continuing in the present times. If you look at the trade value that happened in 2018 the trade in goods and services for United States with India was around 142 billion US dollars in the year 2018. Exports were around some 59 billion that is exports of United States to India and imports were around 83 billion that is those products that are imported from India. So these are exports from India. So according to this the goods and services trade deficit for United States with India amounts to around 24 billion US dollars in 2018. So this means in US terms the trade balance is in the favor of Indian government. So they will try to put any trade policy for India so that they will be able to narrow down this trade deficit. And in the recent meeting the prime minister of India has also said that India has planned to increase the import from United States particularly in the field of energy. So the news article does not mention anything regarding to importing oil from Iran but there will be definitely a strong increase in terms of oil import for India from the United States in the upcoming times. And the Indian prime minister is expected to visit the United States in September 2019 and that will be mainly for the reason of United Nations General Assembly gathering. The objective of the prime ministers visit in September to United States will also include prime minister traveling to Houston in United States. Now the objective of the prime minister visiting there is to meet the CEOs of top energy companies of United States so as to see how India could import more oil from US and how India could invest in the US energy sector. So this is a new dimension to the existing bilateral trade relationship of India with the United States. The new dimension when we hear talk is with respect to energy. Houston in United States is called as America's energy capital. Now it's a city located in Texas. Texas is one of the states of USA. It is located in southeastern region of USA. There's also a coastal state. One of the reason why it is called as America's energy capital is that this city has the headquarters of more than 500 oil and gas exploration and production firms in the United States. And the city is also one of the highest oil producers in the world. Houston is also the permanent secretariat for World Energy Cities Partnership. This partnership is actually a not-for-profit organization that promotes partnership in energy related activities. It primarily serves to facilitate business to business interaction and partnerships in energy related activities and sharing of industry knowledge, experiences to the member cities. Note that India is not a member in this partnership. Member cities of this partnership are globally recognized as international energy capitals. In other words, we can also say that only those cities who can be called as energy capitals can be admitted as members. No Indian city is part of that. That means according to this partnership, India does not have any international energy capital. Whereas if you see China, it has three cities recognized as international energy capital by this partnership. So Houston is the energy capital of America and some news reports also call it as World's Energy Capital as well. And US is also known for iron and steel capital of the world, which is Pittsburgh. So these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now let's move on to next article. This news article talks about the Prime Minister's address in the session on environment in G7 Summit. And it also talks about the address made by Prime Minister in Paris at the UNESCO headquarters. In the session on environment, Prime Minister highlighted India's efforts towards eliminating single-use plastic and efforts with respect to water conservation and also utilizing and harnessing solar energy and also protection of flora and fauna. All these things have been carried out by the government for a sustainable future. With respect to one or two steps that are taken by the government regarding water conservation, you know, we can see that Prime Minister has also talked about this during the Independence Day speech. He has acknowledged that water crisis is a big concern these days. And to address this challenge, the government of India has formed a new dedicated ministry and this ministry is called as Ministry of Jalsakthi, where it is decided that the central government and states together will develop schemes and policies to address the issues of water crisis. The Prime Minister also talked about rainwater harvesting, seawater or wastewater treatment. And he also talked about per drop, more crop micro irrigation for farmers and also the importance of water conservation campaigns to arouse the sensitivity among all citizens to understand the importance of water. With respect to making India free from single-use plastic, the Prime Minister has asked the citizens to achieve this by October 2 this year. And recently, we also saw some of the measures that are announced by the Secretary of Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying with respect to minimizing the use of single-use plastic in milk industry. We also saw about a strategy called as three-hour strategy, reducing the consumption of plastics, rebating the customers and also recovering the use to pouches so as to sell them to various users. That is reduce, rebate and reuse policy. And during the G7 session on environment, the Prime Minister has also talked about India's commitment to tackle global challenges and also he underlined India's contribution to address the reducing biodiversity, India's contribution to reduce the impacts of climate change also with respect to water stress and ocean pollution. Now, coming to the Prime Minister's statement at the UNESCO headquarters, while he addressed Indian community, he stated that within a period of 18 months, India would achieve most of the COP21 climate change goals that are set for the year 2030. When we say COP21, we mean conference of the parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. See, the 21st session, that is what we call a COP21, it was held in December, 2015 in Paris and the participated nations negotiated and they framed a climate agreement. Since it was developed in Paris, it was called as Paris Climate Change Agreement. Simply, it's an agreement to combat the climate change. The important aims are to keep the rise in global temperature below two degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial level. That is, say there was a global temperature at pre-industrial level and the rise in global temperature should not be more than two degrees Celsius above the global temperature of pre-industrial level. It also strengthens efforts that are made to limit the global rise in temperature to just 1.5 degrees Celsius. The rise in global temperature is very important in terms of survival of island nations because it is feared that if the global temperature rises even beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius, there is no need for it to cross two degrees Celsius with respect to pre-industrial levels. Many islands would be submerged by the rise of seawater, which is because of global rising temperature. The Paris Climate Agreement also talks about nationally determined contributions. Now, to say that this is the heart of Paris Agreement and when we say NDCs, they are efforts by individual countries to reduce national emissions and to adapt to the impact of climate change. We'll see some of the commitments made by India under its nationally determined contributions. One is to reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity by 33 to 35% below 2005 levels. Say some emission intensity existed at the below 2005 and India has committed to reduce the emission intensity by 33 to 35% to that level and this has to be achieved by the year 2030 and then to achieve 40% of its power capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources and this has to be also achieved by 2030. And then to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Now, this means the capacity in India to take carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent should be additionally 2.5 to 3 billion tons and the government of India aims to achieve this additional carbon sink through additional forest and tree cover by the year 2030. And one another contribution that was determined by India is to adapt to climate change by enhancing the investments in vulnerable sectors. We can see agriculture is vulnerable to climate change because rainfall is affected. We can see a link between drought and climate change and also water resources. And within our terrain, we can say Himalayan region can be affected by climate change. The same can also be applied to coastal regions, island regions. This also have influence on health and disaster management as well. So, Indian government committed to adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in various programs in vulnerable sectors that are vulnerable to climate change. So, these are some of the information with respect to the analysis of this news article. Now, this question is with respect to the World Energy Cities Partnership. They have given three statements and are asking which of the above statements are correct. Now, the first statement, it is established in 1995 and it is a non-profit organization whose member cities are globally recognized as international energy capitals. Now, during the analysis, we saw that the member cities are recognized as international energy capitals and our neighboring country, China has three such cities which are member cities in this partnership. But no Indian city have become a member city in this partnership. So, this makes the second statement incorrect because it says one or more Indian cities is or are members in this partnership. Now, the moment you decide the second statement is incorrect, you can arrive at the correct answer. This you can do by eliminating the options which say the statement two is correct. You can eliminate option A, you can eliminate option B and you can eliminate option D so that the probability of attempting the correct option will become 100%. So, the correct answer for this question is option C, one and three. Now, coming to the third statement, the secretariat of this partnership is in Houston in Texas state of United States. Now, this statement is correct. During the analysis, we saw the importance of Houston as it is called as the energy capital of America. So, this statement is correct. Third statement is correct. Only the first and third statements are correct. So, the answer is option C. Now, this question is with respect to a provision that we have discussed along with the discussion on the NIAI scheme that is proposed to be introduced as a pilot project in Chattisgarh. It states, the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political. The provision can be found in. See, part three of Indian constitution contains the provisions of fundamental rights and few other articles. Schedule seven of Indian constitution deals with the division of powers. It gives the central list, state list and the concurrent list. Now, the fundamental duties has been given under article 51, capital A of Indian constitution. Now, this provision we can see in article 38 under part four of Indian constitution, part four deals with directive principles of state policy and the state shall strive to promote the welfare of people by securing the social order where there is social, economic and political justice. So, the correct answer for this question is option B. Now, this question is with reference to Paris Agreement. We have been given two statements and they're asking which of the above statements are correct. The Paris Agreement's central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century fell below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Now, this statement is correct. This is the main ambition of this Paris Climate Accord or Paris Climate Agreement. Now, coming to the second statement, this landmark agreement was reached in 2015 on the 21st session of conference of parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Now, this statement is correct. The 21st session of COP was held in Paris and that is why it is named as Paris Climate Accord or Paris Climate Agreement. See, the conference of the parties of UNFCCC is the supreme decision-making body of the convention. Here, when we say convention, it means United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. And also know that the conference of the parties, they meet every year. Every year, the presidency with respect to the COP also rotates among five recognized UN regions. Not only presidency, also the venue of this conference of the parties. The five regions are African region, Asian region, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe, Western Europe and others. This sessions of COP are also called as International Climate Change Conference. Last year, it was conducted in Katowice in Poland in the month of December. So, this year we are awaiting for 25th session of conference of the parties. So, the correct answer for this question is, both options are correct. Therefore, the correct answer is, option C, both one and two. With this, we come to the end of today's the Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, click the like button, comment, share and subscribe to Shankaray's Academy YouTube channel for more updates and content on civil service exam preparation.