Thank you, Jess. I'll get started. So this is quite a mouthful of a title when we put it together So what over the next 20 minutes and I'm going to try time this right? Break down this into constituent parts and hopefully at the end of it You'll see some of the directions we are headed in terms of how we think about reproducible analysis And how that might actually help us figure out answers to questions that we care about as scientists So the four areas I'm going to talk about today knowledge generation and reproducible analysis I'm not going to go deep into what knowledge is. I think that's for separate discussion Perhaps if you want to talk about it over beard this evening, I'll be happy to provenance and semantic web tools This is an area that I'm fairly interested in these days And we've been building up a prototype platform based on these tools and some of the challenges in future directions as We move forward in integrating a lot of the information that is coming out in the scientific literature So Huh, I think many of us find ourselves in Calvin's footsteps We look at something in the scientific literature and we have no idea where it came from So the mind calendar apparently they just ran out of space on the rock That's why it stopped at 2012 the apocalypse came and went But we find the same thing in the context of scientific information But the same thing about getting at information as to why we see a result Would help us answer many of these questions from journal articles published between 2008 and 2010 Retrieve all brain volumes and aid or scores of persons with autism spectrum disorder who are right-handed and under the age of 10 Now I've purposely highlighted some of the things in italics because those are things that could be substituted by other similar Conceptually related components and these are kinds of questions that we had scientists would like to ask Google Perhaps someday, but we can't right now and the question is how can we get to a state where we can answer these questions? through computational queries Well, the reason we can't do this is in many of the cases we need a formal vocabulary now in this past in this Previous slide. I said aid our scores now for those of you who don't work with autism aid our scores means nothing to you And we need a way of communicating that to a computer Let alone a human being so we need formal representation and there isn't a formal vocabulary to describe all entities activities and agents in a domain And vocabulary creation is a very time-consuming process much many of the people here are much Bigger experts at this than I am and they'll all tell you that it takes a while to get a good vocabulary down Standardized provenance tracking tools. I need to know how something came about is typically not integrated into your existing Infrastructure that's something that we need to also make available Binary data formats we deal with we get a new machine. We create a new format and we put it out there and Those formats often come up in a very ad hoc manner And they're not really easily searchable without something else interpreting. What's in it? The actual data that we deal with in neuroscience can vary from a single bit. Yes. No Two terabytes of data and we need a way to relate to that data and in many research laboratories after a paper is published 90% of the data is deleted. I don't have space. Hopefully that's changing But that's not yet quite the case Finally, we run a lot of computational tools Everything from hacked up math lab scripts by conscripts to actual software that's been produced in a proper way But there are no standards for computational platforms that we follow We just create things because we like the flexibility of that system. So things are hard But why should we do this? We're trying to integrate things across the different scales of neuroscience Right. We are getting from spatial scales temporal scales different kinds of instruments and various disorders But the data sets that we play around with Contain ad hoc metadata. There's no standardization And our process with methods that are specific to the subdomain even if they're using the same kind of algorithm Just because of the tools they use we don't know that they use necessarily the same kind of architecture So this limits integration We also don't share relevant metadata the fact that on that rock somebody didn't write on the back side Hey, I ran out of space. I could do more. We're here is something We don't know because we don't have a lot of information that comes along with the data and finally right now we rely on a significant amount of human effort to answer the previous queries that I listed because errors are in humans so Anything that we tend to read has to be taken with a bit of a Grain of salt since sometimes large grains of salt We see that in routine retractions in various fields in the science. So I'm going to spoke focus mainly on brain imaging over here and one of the things I'm highlighting over here is a workflow You've seen this slide many times through the past few conferences But this actually highlights the complexity of what we need to capture and The speakers following me will talk about different aspects of this So let's go through this process sort of step-by-step So first in order to reproduce something I need to kind of reproduce the participants the screening inclusion and exclusion criteria The demographics that were used to match the participants up the experimental setup which involves the stimuli the experimental control software Then we move on to gathering the data We have the MR scanner pulse sequences and reconstruction algorithms Cognitive or neuropsychological measures that we may or may not have captured and then comes the data analysis software tools environments quality assurance methods which may or may not have been Automated or it could have also been done by an individual in which case we kind of need to dig into the brain of the person doing this Analysis scripts and finally figure and stats that come out. So there's a lot along that way but reproducibility is necessary and David Donahoe has been talking about reproducibly for a long time error is ubiquitous in scientific computing and Despite all our efforts error creeps in so the only way we tackle it is to capture things And keep improving our methods, but since error is ubiquitous We just have to do our best to capture every kind of information that we get So what are the aims of reproducible analysis? We want to reproduce an analysis very often you hear of a great new finding you have your own data You want to be able to see that it works for your data if it doesn't reproduce the same analysis on your data Well, you might consider Not thinking about that analysis as giving you the statement that it did at the end of the day We want to increase the accuracy that verify that analysis were consistent with the person's intentions review the analysis choices that too many parameters that we tweak in science and Everybody doesn't have the time or the energy to go through the entire parameter space And so you want to know what sort of choices somebody made in doing the analysis Clarity of communication. I would argue that the method section of today's articles should be tossed out They give no information. They could have it could have easily been a paragraph somewhere else They're really not useful enough to replicate the analysis It should be replaced with structured information, which is what I'm going to argue about for the next few minutes Trustworthiness, I mean you see a result you want to appreciate it You want to use it as a fact, but you want to make sure that it's kind of done well You also want to be able to take somebody's prior analysis and do your own analysis With the same methods And that should be easy to do and finally we're always dealing with parameters So you want to contextualize a result that you see if somebody says people have a smaller carded volume People with obsessive compulsive disorder have a smaller carded volume You want to take that and say is it in across all cases? Is it a subgroup of obsessive compulsive disorder? Is it because my processing was done with the particular software that I see that you want to be able to do all of that But capturing research today is fairly hard So we have the laboratory notebook and luckily I think in most cases people have at least Transitioned to Google Docs and Dropbox to share it It's no longer in paper because that I don't know how many people go back and read that The code exists on file system and some people have moved to GitHub and sourcecores to store their code That's all good data is getting into databases and archives and there various environments that people are working on To make the analysis reproducible as in somebody else can use it Finally much more supplementary material is coming online Despite the fact that some journals have decided not to allow supplementary material But we are getting to see that people are putting things out there. So that's all good But that brings us to provenance and semantic web tools. We can do this better We can get to a place where we can get structured information quite nicely So the central theme in all of this is capturing information. How do we encode information and I want to give you a preview I'll show you a little bit of a prototype of a platform later But I want to give a little bit of a previous to what should this platform look like Well, I consider this thing to be something that has to be decentralized That many people can put up data out there many people can put up computational services out there And all of these needs to be linked up much like the internet and the web services that we see currently today are Encoded information has to be in standardized and machine accessible form It shouldn't have to go through a human filter to figure out what was in it and The other thing that I think is important going back to that first slide that we have to start viewing data from a provenance perspective How did it get there? I think we want to do this We just don't have the information currently in many of our articles to do that Finally with the amount of data being generated We want to integrate and therefore to discover and share data So we need to have ways in which we can query resources to get at information to get at data that allows us to do something with it We also want to be able to immediately retest an algorithm revalidate results or test a new hypothesis on new data All of this should become automatic much like a Google search is done today, but we're not quite there yet So some definitions I've used the term provenance. I'll formally define it actually the W3C formally defines it this way I'm just picking on their definition here It's information about entities activities and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing Which can be used to form assessments about its quality reliability or trustworthiness What is a data model? This is something we'll get to use if we have to encode provenance a Data model is an abstract conceptual formulation of information that explicitly determines the structure of data and allows software and people to communicate and Interpret data precisely and finally the provenance data model approved yet is a conceptual data model that forms the basis for the Forms the basis for the W3C proud family of specifications It's a generic basis that captures relationships associated with the creation modification of entities by activities and agents So I'm going to skip over this slide But I've left some of the things in there so that you can go through and look at some of the definitions Related to these different components of the proud dm But I'm going to highlight some of them in the context of this diagram what we are really looking at our entities activities and agents and Relations between them and this is not something I expect you to digest right now Not this one, which is it which expands it even further But the idea here is that we have a formal way of representing information or Relations between information and we capture at a simple level Agents for example, these are things about persons organizations or software agents Including machines So we can throw in the MR scanner right here as an agent that deals with things under entities at least in brain imaging We have things like our data files as well as various pieces of information like demographic data coordinates that come out of an analysis and Activities are processes so that could be the activity of scanning a person or it could be the process of analyzing data And all of this is formalized in a provenance model done by the W3C I think one of the key things here is this provenance is not an afterthought in the existing models that we have Provenance was kind of tacked on to the existing models in this case. It's exists directly with the data and the metadata It's a formal technology agnostic representation of machine accessible structured information And that I think is important because as data gets bigger We're going to get less and less of mechanical Turk like situations of having to deal with data but we're going to We're going to look at Machines doing much of our queries for us Federal queries using sparkle when represented as RDF. It's a W3C recommendation that simplifies app development and allows integration with other future services Okay, so semantic web tools I'm going to skip this for sake of time But it's a framework that allows us to describe data in a consistent and manner And it allows us to represent data as relations in a graph. So we're basically building up notes in a graph This is simply a notion of Somebody talking about a person whose full name is Eric Miller whose mailboxes this email address in his personal title Happens to be a doctor and that's represented as a graph And that's what we are building and the more we connect nodes and edges over here The more richly connected a set of information do we create? Sparkle is a protocol and an RDF query language that allows us to query such information And one of the key things with sparkle is it allows us to write an ambiguous queries and things like federation are built into Sparkle by Default so you can create these RDF stores anywhere and you can query across them now doing that with a standard MySQL database is kind of hard So I'm going to get back to sparkle examples later But let me talk about a prototype platform that we've been developing a standardized data model Providence tracking decentralized content creation storage and federated query So the standardized data model we've developed is based on the prof dm and hence derives from the provenance ontology We encode information in a structured manner We use a consistent vocabulary and we are trying to develop metadata standards by a domain specific object models So a few things here terms a lexicon of all things brain imaging We don't have it yet, but we're getting there right now We've encoded a fair bit of die-com terms some software specific terms some statistic terms and paradigm terms Object models this is what we deal with many of us have various directory structures and Structured information in those directory structures, but we can represent that in a more formal way We can also take CSV and tab delimited files and then code that Brain imaging file formats are another case where we can get metadata out of those files and represent that in a more standard manner And then we will put provenance into all of this So this is the general picture that a researcher sitting at a place can query different things in a federated manner And each person can set up their own sort of triple store to store different kinds of data And in the future some of that could be integrated to things like the INC of data space But currently provenance tracking is done in this manner and maybe we should just stick with it It kind of makes for a nice PhD comic thing Different ways in which we try provenance, and this is definitely one of them But we can make things better. So there's something we could track it with something like that by the notebook We could do it with some opera which Andrew Davidson who's around over here has been building in the flopping Synapse is a web resource Which allows you to track provenance and then there's the prop Python library with RDF extensions Which is what we've been using to build some of our services Now the other part of all of this is integrating some of these with workflow tools Now if you cannot instrument your tools to track provenance, there is no problem It's nobody's going to go back and say I'm going to do this or if they do that's going to be fairly erroneous So tools have to be integrated with these things. I've been building a set of tools for brain imaging called the NIFI workflow environment and this has an embedded provenance tools in it But we went down the path by first logging to a file and that broke down when we went to a cluster because NFS shared writing broke down We then decided to take every function in the file and write out a restructured text output and that broke down because machines Can't quite read that yes They can render it but they can't read it in a formal manner then we exported the script since Python Maybe that's a formal language But now you need to know Python to read it We then went to ipython notebooks which at least captured the flow of the analysis But it didn't tell me all the branches that I tried but didn't record and So finally using prof as a library that's integrated We can actually track all the branches of analysis that we went through Without and even the final one that I may have finally reported on But I also know all the things that had been tried So decentralized content creation and storage kind of comes out of this that we can create an exposed metadata Where we do the analysis not necessarily in a centralized space although Registering the data set with a central authority can't help and we can use robots much like Google has done to mine their web To mine these data sets So storage of provenance these this is just from an analysis just to get a sense of how these triples and statements can be Stored and what kind of information we get from brain imaging stuff We get things like runtime dependencies inputs and outputs and be five hashes all the good things that you would actually want to capture In order to reproduce an analysis and then in terms of a workflow We get relations between processes and links to shared input output entities Now I'll come to this in a in a second with the example application So what can we do over here? We can write a sparkle query now I'm not expecting you to parse it, but what this query is effectively giving me is the right amygdala volume from Free surfer analysis, which is a package used in brain imaging analysis And what I found from this I could face that query straight into a D3 rendering Which gave me a histogram and it was very easy to see that the right amygdala volume was Identical in six of my 973 subjects and actually it happens to be identical in many many pairs of subjects Now for a volume to be identical is something somewhat fishy So I can go back and look at things But this allows me to quickly get at that information Just because of encoding it in a structured form without having to go and redefine what my model is Another similar thing I have two sets one run one stored in a computer at IMCF and one running over here at MIT And I make can make a federated query that joins across resources in those computers Pipe that onto a web application, which shows me group information here. I'm plotting Age of my subjects versus verbal IQ and this is a web applications. They are much easier to develop these days And we can get very lightweight applications dealing with information derived from this provenance data model Okay, so what are the challenges in future directions? Well, first, let's see what all of this has bought us We have a common vocabulary for communication if we can implement this well and get it adopted It provides rich structured information including provenance domain specific object models that are embedded in the common structure and Data and content can be repurposed. It's not that we have to write data out to do one thing We can use the same data for different application So somebody could say I have a cluster and I can just use execution time of my functions as a way to say this Function should be sent to this node of the cluster But where we headed? Well, we want to formalize an idiom object models as extensions of probable Now this is more in the formal ontology work of things We don't have to get there to be practically useful, but it'll make it useful We need a common vocabulary across software. There are many people developing things. We need them to sort of Standardize some of these things. We need to relate it to the rest of the linked data web Related to publications authors grants reuse existing book categories and ontologies and Integrate with existing databases. We don't want to throw away all the content that has been generated over the last few centuries We need to instrument apps and build them with provenance tracking embedded in it And we really need to publish more structured information anytime we think of it. We need to get out there reproducible analysis on a VM of an existing pathway that's something that's kind of a lot Work in progress, but we'll get there once we get standardized environments for many of these tools There's a lightweight decentralized architecture that had proposed that's out there We can talk about it later, but I want to thank some of the folks who had put in a lot of work This includes a data sharing task force of the international Neuroinformatics coordinating facilities and the burn derived data working group the neuro-matching in Python community has provided to the Knife pipe and workload of Luvman tools the W3C Prop working group has been a tremendous help in refining some of the standards and working with us in Coordinating and improving the Python and provenance library and finally support from the NIH and INCL I want to leave you all with a picture of the future This is a picture from Carol Gopal's group at University of Southampton and It's the idea that all information especially research output should be connected to each other and we need to get there And to get there we need to follow standards and adopt it as a community. We cannot do it alone We cannot have 10 developers just do it for the rest of the community when we do our practices The developers can help instrument tools But we need to think about how we put this together in the context of our publications and research output So I'll leave it out there and So Thank you and congratulations for decentralized data. That's the first time I Hear this word here. So but Decentralized data is of course, it's important, but how you Centralize queries because if someone needs to find some data, he needs to know where is it? So I'll use this can people hear me. Okay So that's where the metadata part comes in right so what we are saying is decentralized data allows the actual physical Large-scale data to be stored in different places. We're also saying that the metadata that's information about that data can also be decentralized But we're saying that you can also have registries which say These are the places that have registered with you much like internet addresses are registered through DNS servers So you can route things through so yes You need a common registry to be able to query But the fact that people can put up their own data services allows the process of not having to have a central platform for this Hello, my name is Ahmed and I would like to ask two Questions one is regarding the technology you're using It's just a small opinion that what's new in it. It's rather What's the significant part of your presentation with respect to the technology you're presenting because to me it's it's nothing new Second thing you ask for the you've asked community to contribute in it Normally what you're talking about regarding Putting the publications and these things online one person cannot do it. It's about Organizations who are publishing the data and they are organizing it and don't you think they are already structuring the information in a way That at least you can find it means it's not now Completely unstructured. We are publishing the text. So what's your? Contribution in this All right, so in terms of the tools that I'm using I would say nothing new really It's just that some of the tools have evolved over time like sparkle 1.1 Only you've got officially accepted as a recommendation in March of 2013 So the ability to do some of the things has evolved over time the concept of RDF was initially established in 1997 so There is nothing new new from the tool perspective in terms of the community perspective What we are hoping is currently people still share a lot of data as Zipped directories it still requires human intervention to go in match up a PDF To what's inside the directory to find out what things are and all of that can be resolved purely through structuring a metadata structure That tells everything about how things what the things are in that zip directory structure. That's what we've done. We've created these object models To say here you have a free server directory which has these hierarchies of information, but now there's a sparkle store Storing all of the metadata about it I can run a sparkle query to get at any single file and its properties in that directory structure That is still missing in terms of community distribution of information Many of the current datasets distributed have PDFs associated that describe how things are laid out And that's to me is not structured information You need to get a human in there to read that PDF to figure out what that information layout is


You've talked a lot about sort of turning the page mentally, you know, a month and a half ago, whenever it was, as you sort of expanded your repertoire and all of your pitch selection. But it seemed like there was also something that changed psychologically in that moment. How much has that helped carry you through what we've been seeing over these last six starts? Yeah, yeah. So I made a couple of changes. Started throwing the two seemed more, started throwing my curve ball more aggressively, started throwing them from the wind up. But all of that was done with the idea of like, I thought I was just putting my foot down after a really bad start. I knew that wasn't the picture that, you know, that I was deep down. I knew I had a lot more to offer than what I was offering. So yeah, I was just at that point looking for little baby steps. So I went out and had a pretty decent start against the A's back then. And that kind of just started building things.  So that has just allowed for me to like, feel really free out there and just compete and challenge guys. And so yeah, I mean, we're still not all the way there. But I thought tonight I didn't have my best stuff by any means and I was able to keep the team, you know, with the lead when I left and that's a big deal. Electively as a group, as you all are navigating this period of time, we're obviously down significant pieces and trying to dig out of a hole. What sort of the collective mentality is you try and piece this together and win like you have these last two nights? Yeah, yeah, I mean, for us to lose that first night, it would have been easy for us to roll over after everything that's gone on the past few days with who we've lost and stuff. And to come back and win two games and get contributions from everyone up and down the lineup. I mean, like Greg Allen, Ryan Lamar, I mean, these guys coming up, fitting right in, putting together competitive at bats, putting their body on the line in the outfield, stuff like that. It's been fun to watch, it's been fun to be a part of. So yeah, just who can step up until we get our pieces back and then just keep it rolling? You just talked about maybe not having your best stuff tonight and still going out there, pitching as well as you did against the lineup like that. And how significant is that to you, James, and that you were able to still have the success you did without your best stuff? Yeah, probably six weeks ago or whatever that probably could have ballooned into a not-so-good outing. But I was able to, with Gary, in between innings and stuff, just communicate and identify what was working, what wasn't working. We leaned on some pitches that in the past maybe we wouldn't have gone to as frequently. I didn't have my good curve all the night and we just made it work. We figured out a way to make it work. So that was a nice step. Tom Merriam, you have the next question. James, did you feel this was a particularly important game given where you are in the standings versus the Red Sox? Yeah, I mean, I think any game against anyone going forward for us is a big game. We need to put together a good stretch and win games.  Lindsay Adler, please unmute. James, then you talked about some of these newer guys coming in and stepping up. Has it changed sort of the vibe with you guys this week or has it just sort of, you know, given you guys something new to look forward to? Yeah, it's definitely different not having, you know, a guy like, say, Judge who, you know, is kind of a team captain. He's vocal. He's always cheering everyone on. He picks the music in the clubhouse a lot of the time, stuff like that. You know, it's kind of weird not seeing certain guys' faces around here, but, you know, we have a good environment in there. And, you know, I think it's, hopefully for the guys who've come up, they feel like they fit in and feel comfortable because we need them right now to win games and do what we need to do. So, you know, you can tell the guys that have come up are definitely excited to be here and want to help out.


you bet we're back on a given Monday at noon with John David and of Hawaii Pacific University he's a history professor there we can never understand the present or the future for that matter without understanding history and so yesterday yesterday we had a we had a one hour recitation by the president and included American exceptionalism so we thought we studied that a little bit because John and I have talked about that before it's ingrained into American history and and and Trump was was really going hard on that this is the greatest country on earth and the question is uh is that true is that a true statement was it ever a true statement John David and HPU history professor what do you think okay thanks Jake thanks for having me on so it's an interesting question I think it's uh you know on the surface you could say no we're not an exceptional nation and the Trump presidency is proving this the truth but what was it what is it and the best of times when the term came into use what was the idea yes well that's the evolution of the term that's another very interesting topic but so when we talk about exceptionalism what we're talking about is two things we're talking about the idea that the United States is a unique exceptional a unique place among all the nations of the world and then so that's the first thing you this idea of uniqueness and then the second thing is this idea that United States is also what's the second thing Jake we're unique and we're also the best the best right superior to everyone else so so uh so this is now the basis for this is very old uh we go all the way back to uh the John Witzrup sermon that he gave on the Arbella which was which was a ship uh sailing across the Atlantic and landed in the new world landed in Massachusetts Bay in 1619 so we go all the way back to John Witzrup in his sermon when he talked about uh you know the the idea that that this new place could be a city on a hill which was essentially what he was talking about was a model for the rest of the world and you know this is very steeped in religion at that point and it's also steeped in the idea that there's a lot of pressure on this community to succeed these Puritans to succeed and if they don't succeed then you know it will play very badly in some sense the whole covenant with God is in play with these Puritans because they're sick and tired of what's been having to them in England they're being persecuted in England and then they come back to the they come to Massachusetts Bay and the pressure's on them to make it work and so that's that's really where the term exceptional that's where we pulled it from now John Witzrup didn't use the term exceptionalism the first use of this term i think it's quite recent actually i think it's probably mid 20 cent mid 20th century maybe then after world war two the actual term is being used so but but it's become strangely okay this is and again this is a very complicated issue but strangely in the time in which the term has come into use and become more and more a kind of litmus test for presidents we talked about this before jay but of course president obama was asked do you believe in american exceptionalism the republicans thought they could kind of hook him you know get him into trouble on this and he gave an academic answer and he said yes but all nations believe that they're exceptional in some ways so so he in a way he foiled them by giving the most honest and kind of smart nuanced answer you can give and that's quite true right this is this is a breadbook to study israeli exceptionalism british exceptionalism the japanese had exceptionalism so it's it's a very common thing for modern nations to have this idea that somehow they're special and they're superior so that's not just the united states that is not even exceptional in its own idea that that is exceptional so but de facto de facto john i mean there was a time maybe as you say after world war two when you know we were the leader of the free world that we were charitable and generous and kind and moral and um you know a leader making the world a better place for democracy and every or all american ideals and we and you could say in that period of time we really were exceptional that nobody rose to the level of the united states in so many ways including military power but but you wouldn't say that today would you say that today the same definition no no no no i don't think so i don't think we were exceptional okay you know look uh we practiced jim crow segregationism in the south world war two changed you know that the the military itself was segregated african-american troops were attacked by white troops in the war when they came home from the war they were race riots because these african-american troops these veterans wanted the same rights as whites you know it was uh no i don't think so i mean there is uh you know i i just don't think so i think that's uh i'll be honest with you i think that's a fairytale that uh donald trump would like to tell us that there was this time when we were exceptional and now we're moving back to that time you know his slogan in in 2016 was make you know make the united states make america great again right so referring back to a time when we were in fact greater than we are now so it played upon people's nostalgia for that time so no i don't think so um certainly you can you can argue that there are instances throughout american history where united support where citizens and even non-citizens rose up and said hey we got to change the system and it's not american exceptionalism it's actually an idea that you can improve what you've already got uh and uh you know certainly certainly there are there are uh threads let's call them threads you you have constitutional threads you have the threads from the declaration of independence you have these threads that go through american history and people grab onto those threads and say hey this is what makes the united states uh you know a wonderful place to live in um and they use those threads to try to push us towards a greater good you know kind of we the people forming you know a more perfect union i like that now it's the word perfect has some problems too but uh i like that that the constitution starts with we the people and it starts with uh you know our goal of forming a more perfect union i like that i think that's perfectly fine and it doesn't have to argue that somehow we're more perfect than the british or the israelis or the japanese or that were you know that were actually going to become perfect that's where i don't really like to work because i don't think there's any way we're going to be perfect but uh you talk about threads john you talk about threads one of the threads was uh for a long time slavery and slavery as i mentioned before the show in my view slavery was avarice in other words you wanted to make your money and lots of it on the on the back of someone else and uh screw that screw that person and you and you come out ahead and in fact most of the millionaires in the united states up until the end of the civil war were in the south because they got rich and they're trying to hold on to it yeah and so and so uh avarice plays a role and there's always this tension between you know let's let me protect my own stash and uh let me do the common good and i think sometimes the common good words more important sometimes it wasn't jay that's fantastic man you get an a there that was great i love that seriously there this is a very good point this it's always been intentioned so let's let's let's talk about the 19th century some more because you brought it up and so detochville let's take the great alexis detochville who was this french philosopher who came to the united states and wrote a book about the united states and detochville described americans in a way that suggests that by the 1830s when he came to the united states and toured the united states and then wrote this book that the united states was already developing an identity which maybe was focused on what you were talking about on avarice because detochville described the united states as a nation of small holders small farmers he wouldn't have described it as avarice but maybe maybe maybe that's going too far to describe it as avarice but but detochville described this nation of small holders and he thought that the genius of the nation because we were largely a farming nation at that point the genius of the nation was that we had these independent farmers who owned their own land controlled their own destinies were highly independent said that already independent how independent very independent actually they were also linked into a commercial market but so they were they were ambitious they were a self-supporting and in kind of a jeffersonian terms they were not capable of corruption they could support the republic by their own efforts so yeah so detochville argued that the material circumstances of the united states were shaping an identity an identity in which profits and and material well-being was a big part of this equation but but detochville actually i think also associated this with with a political system that would be made uh virtuous on the basis of these small holders so well you know we've shared an article in the salon website salon.com yeah about what what trump said and whether the country really is exceptional um and one of the interesting comments there goes to this point you're making about individualism rugged individualism and uh right or wrong what what the author of that article said was that rugged individual is not really consistent with working for the common good uh and so you know you have a tension there you have a tension between i'm i'm going to do individualistic things i'm going to be strong and self-reliant and independent and i don't really care about my neighbor this is a tension that is also of great concern right no that's right no and both good points so yeah so um so it's a tricky question so you've got exceptionalism on one side is the united states an exceptional nation but what you have on the other side i think is still uh the survival and the development of what i'll call civic virtue so i don't necessarily agree with detochville's analysis i'm not sure that he was right in that way and so um i tend to what okay here's the here's what i'm doing i'm actually writing a book called the dissenters guide to american history and in that book what i'm doing is i'm selecting out examples of civic virtue and uh you know it's dissent of course it's opposition to the ruling power but i defined dissent pretty broadly and so i picked out i picked people out of in the revolutionary period and look at them then what i'm trying to do is create a positive narrative of the american past that can inform us today in our uh in our thinking about our relationship to the polity to politics in this country and you know and political activism and and you know again what i call civic virtue very important very important but so what's the title of the book john what's the title what's the title yeah it's called the dissenters guide to american history okay and when's it coming out well i don't know i mean uh um it's several publishers are looking at it um it's uh under review but i suspect the whole coveted issue is going to slow that down but you know i'd like to think i would get a contract by the end of summer but i think coveted might change that it might be the end of the year i'm not gonna change everything um so here's trump yesterday and he's using exceptionalism you know right through that one hour diatribe um where i think the message to takeaway if you want to call it a takeaway is that i'm rich i have but i have given a lot to this country you should appreciate me you should love me for what i have done for this country i've done a great job the government has done a great job including especially with with uh you know coronavirus and by the way uh what's his name pouchy rouchy rouch was not rouch was not there uh the the uh the fellow who really we we do believe and uh yeah yeah yeah he followed you yeah yeah and he was not there and which which means i think that trump took him off the stage because he was uh he was not on trump's team um anyway so point the point though is he used exceptionalism okay as a way to gain public support for his own political position and ultimately you know his election is the campaign uh in november in the election and and what's interesting though is he says the greatest country on earth we are doing a great job we are capable of doing the most marvelous things on and on like that and i as your president i'm a war president now this is we have to come together so he used the notion of exceptionalism to ask people to come together behind him and i thought that was very interesting because i you know again i question whether we are exceptional i question whether he's exceptional he he is exceptional but in ways that you might not compliment him for well yeah he's exceptionally bad he's the worst president we've ever had yeah uh he's an exceptional liar he's the biggest liar we've ever had so he's exceptional in that in those ways yeah totally agree and so the problem is you've got people out there who would rather rather than help their neighbor rather than help the polity they would like to buy ammunition uh and that's mentioned in the salon article um so i'm just wondering this is a degradation of deterioration an emasculation of the notion of exceptionalism right so yeah so um so so the book itself you know the the dissenters got of course i could talk all day about that but but to your question i think the question really is that and i think i've thought about this for a long time um because uh you know my advisor david novel actually was a great man by the way you know i love david he died recently but uh really really benefited from his tutelage and really miss him so but david wrote a lot about american exceptions he wrote a actually a book about american exceptionalism in the time period up to world war two and what david was arguing is that uh uh there were the scholars were trying to find various ways of fitting in their own ideas to the notion that the united states was exceptional and it became increasingly difficult in the time period of world war two to argue that the united states was exceptional because the united states had spread its army worldwide it was now engaged in a system uh that was global actually and it was very difficult it's kind of difficult to maintain one distance uh from the contagion from the contagion of the the evil of the rest of the world uh and so but where i picked this up is after world war two i've done just a little bit of research on uh the the attempt to redevelop an idea a truly kind of powerful idea dollars of american exceptionalism in the post world war two period and this is in the 1950s and the 1960s when scholars began to argue that there was such a thing called an american civilization and uh you know and and there were textbooks about this so the scholars were trying to get this into the classrooms and there were other scholarly arguments that referred to this american civilization and so um i you know so so there was this argument and yet by the 1970s i don't think anybody's talking about an american civilization and certainly nobody is talking about it now right nobody is talking about it now so this idea did not have enough power to move into the political discourse and to be something that that uh americans kind of truly gravitated towards instead of course what happened was the civil rights movement and the uh and uh you know the vietnam war and uh you know things kind of blew up in a very interesting way in the 1960s uh but i i think that the notion that the united states was an exceptional place really took a hit in the 1960s with the vietnam war and then with the revealing it wasn't the civil rights movement itself but it was the revelation that to the rest of the world even that segregation existed at you know at very high levels in the south and that uh that african-americans were being denied their civil rights uh in very significant ways which you know begs the question of how we could claim exceptionalism or an american civilization if we were doing these things to our own citizens so um so i think that i think there's this kind of dual track that happens in the 1960s where you have uh we have this new kind of cynicism about american government a well-deserved cynicism cynicism after the vietnam debacle and after the you know as i said the revelations about american racism uh and then at the same time you have the development of a very strong of what i'll call rights consciousness in starting in the 1960s and then going into the 70s the 80s and so it's african-americans gained civil rights and then women want more rights and then Hispanics want more civil rights and then disabled people get more civil rights and and so on and so on and so this idea of liberation and liberty which is fundamental to what we would call the modern project this idea of liberation actually gets encapsulated in this country at least in these individualistic uh individual liberty ways of thinking about it and this doesn't i i'm just not sure this helps the uh the idea of civic virtue the idea that we can claim that we're somehow exceptional maybe we can claim we're exceptional in giving up you know in in repairing the civil rights of the country maybe we we can claim that as exceptionalism but i'm not sure that it that it helps our framework of of you know how we think about no how can it you know the ultimate test the ultimate test of any country or society or civilization if you want to put at that level is is whether you know whether the people are engaged with the government whether they they uh they know about the government they support the government they participate in the government and when the government is listening and engaging with the people so the more you know the more collaborative engagement there is between the people in the government the better the more optimistic you can be about the future about the sustainability of this this polity yeah so and we and we had all divisiveness for you know growing divisiveness i would say since uh since vietnam uh and then and then what accelerated it is the failure of the draft in the early 70s where we gave up the the connection between the military and the civilian worlds and so that was a parting of the ways there and and that enhanced the right wing but but let me let me ask you this though you know if we are into sustainability we need we need to sustain ourselves physically and technologically we need to avoid having epidemics and pandemics because at the end of the day um you know the the philosophical end of things is going to be overtaken by the physical and medical end of things if your country cannot survive if your country is in shambles the way our country was at such great risk in the 30s in the depression um you know then we're really not sustainable so uh would you agree with me that um you know the the notion of exceptionalism is and when it where it's false where it's not focused on the reality it's a very dangerous business for the sustainability of the country yeah but i would argue it's not exceptionalism at all i i i think exceptionalism uh is kind of a tool of propaganda in this day and age okay we are so not close to but but i would like to argue that we would push for survival and what you're talking about sustainability right resilience uh and in that regard we need a kind of a a renaissance of civic concern and maybe something like uh COVID-19 gives us some of that this idea that neighbors should take care of neighbors that community should come together and cooperate when the government asks them to uh so and and and the thought is that you're you're thinking about uh yourself but you're thinking about your relationship to one another and to your community and to the government and to politics so you can't force yourself from that idea but you actually have to think about yourself in that context and it's quite important uh you know and we've lost that quite frankly in the in the last again i i mean i don't know i mean again what i would say is that uh we need more study of this we need we need an academic study we need a book on American exceptionalism and civic duty in the post world war two period and i suppose i'll have to write it at some point but i guess you will try one more one point is is exceptionalism you know the whole notion of federalism is coming into play because uh when you know Trump or others use the term these days however accurate or inaccurate it is they're talking about the country in general um and and they and they're willing to take credit for any success and they're willing to you know blame somebody else for any failure that's perfectly corporate of him um but you know i hate to use the word perfect these days but but you know what what strikes me is that what we see coming out at this this uh this this long press conference yesterday and other remarks he has made is uh i'm not going to do this myself you guys and i'm not going to take credit i'm not going to even tell you i know about it i want someone else to do it i want the states to do it it's kind of a bizarre federalism you know all you fix it i can't help you i'm not going to help you uh and i'm gonna i'm only gonna maybe facilitate some things and i'll i'll say well but i don't take responsibility you have to take responsibility that troubles me on a really high profound level of course but you know i mean uh you know trump is uh pat you know when when there's trouble trump is the first one to run and pass the buck i mean you know this is i don't think there's any surprise in this you know when when he when his company went almost went into bankruptcy what did he do he he went to his to his creditors and said hey it's your fault you need to you need to bail me out right so this is you know we can't count on civic virtue from donald trump but i think we need to think beyond donald trump and not get too fixated on him uh and i think to repair this this notion of of being of having civic virtue caring about the community i i think uh you know like i said i think covet can help that but i really do think we need to re-energize the notion my contribution to this would be at least right now the dissenters guide in which i point out that hey what we have in history is tremendous effort towards civic duty and towards the polity towards improving the polity towards reducing injustice towards uh making it a better country for the people who the citizens who live in this country and so we've got some great examples in our past of this and uh you know i i think it's uh i i think i think we don't have to say look things are really terrible and we can't recover what we can say is hey we've got a we've got a past that we can be proud of in some ways we don't have to be quite so negative and cynical about how our government has worked in the past in some ways this is a different kind of vietnam syndrome in that a vietnam invited uh conscientious citizens to go oh my gosh this you know this is a terrible terrible thing that the government has done they kept secrets from us they they sent our our sons into battle to die for no good reason uh so so i think in some ways we need to get over that vietnam syndrome and we can do that by looking in other places for for a usable past that allows us to think about our relationship to our the threads the the declaration the constitution we can strengthen those threads reanimate those threads and bring those forward into our polity today and then start thinking about the country again through those things and then we'll go wow we need to take control of things we need to repair the damage that's been done this may force us to be more introspective it is forcing us to be more active and proactive on a state level even a county level but maybe maybe it will connect us better uh through those uh new connections with states and counties and through recognition the federal government cannot solve all our problems and that we have to solve our problems ourselves as as a unified people i i hope that comes true i but i really regret the all the suffering the pain and and the fatalities that will they're live before us before of course yeah yeah yeah right well thank you john i agree you're welcome david david and the history professor who helps us understand the past the present and the future from a white pacific university here on history left thank you so much all right okay take care


Resident included in the commission of the National Population Commission, Abdul Malik Durunguwa, have commissary tell the people of Bajor chieftain over the death of his royal highness, Agam Bajor de Fros, Malam Nuhu Bateray. The MPC commissioner who paid the condolence visit to the Bajor palace described the later role as a peace builder who was worthy of emulation. Abdul Malik Durunguwa said the late monarch was an epitome of humility who worked with every one irrespective of religion and tradition. He urged the Kaduna State government to continue to work to force the peace and unity among residents. We have lost our father. We have lost somebody who have worked so much for the development of the entire Bajor and Kaduna State entirely. We have lost a man who is so humble that merely meeting him and talking to him alone will console you and make you be focused. We have lost a man who I don't think in the near future will get somebody that will be a issue. All of us dating right now we are soiled, we have been eating soiled and we are going back to the same soil. We cannot question God. The wazari of Bajor took them, found the commissioner for simplifies and with them are their time of loss. So today with Bajor people we are mourning our father. But in that mourning we are happy when people like you call on us to sympathize, to control us on this great loss. We cannot bring him back again. We cannot. So our prayer is that the good Lord would bless us as He left us behind.


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, I'm going to be sharing with you my favorite beauty products for the month of September. So if you want to see what I've really been using this month and what has prevailed in all of the recent makeup launches, then just keep watching. Hi guys, if you are new here, my name is Morgan. I fancy myself to be a product knowledge enthusiast. I just love knowing anything and everything that comes out in the makeup market and sharing my thoughts with you guys. And today I'm sharing with you what I've really weeded out from the recent releases and what I've just been truly using this month. And I had a really hard time, harder than usual, I feel like, because, I mean, this was the first full month of work and teaching online. I really wasn't wearing makeup except on the days that I was filming. So there really wasn't many products that I found myself continually using. So as I was going through all of the previous reviews I did this month, I realized there were so many great products that I wish I could use. So I could put my favorites, like I really like the Huda Beauty palettes. I really like the Charlotte Tilbury palette, but I've only used them like once and those aren't favorites. So these are the items that whenever I was filming, I found myself grabbing for to wear these items in my video because I really like them. Let's get started. First, I want to start out with my channel of the month. I know I'm always so annoying and I tell you how busy I am, but you guys know if you know a teacher, it's a lot of work, a lot of hours. I haven't been watching as much YouTube as I would like, but a channel that I found myself constantly going back to watching is Annette's makeup corner. She covers basically, I feel like, all of the eyeshadow palettes and she really has a different take than I do, which is why I like watching her videos. She goes for color. She loves colorful palettes. She doesn't hold back with her feelings on palettes and I feel like her and I have different techniques. We have different eye shapes and different tastes in makeup all together, but that is so intriguing to me. I love hearing people's opinions on makeup that have different preferences than I do. She really does a lot of indie brands as well and you guys know I'm not an indie brand expert, so I love watching her and Amy loves makeup for my indie brand kind of news. So I've definitely been watching a lot of Annette's makeup corner for those indie palette reviews. So if you guys aren't subscribed to her, make sure you go ahead and do it, especially if you're into palette reviews. And for me, it's indie palettes, but she doesn't just do indie palettes and she does really cool different looks. And I don't know, it's just a different channel than mine that I really have been enjoying watching. I'm really sad this month. I haven't had any real fashion favorites or jewelry favorites because I've been wearing the same thing every day, I feel like, for teaching. And same thing with jewelry. I've gotten a few questions about when I'm going to open my Etsy shop for the jewelry that I make, that I've been wearing in my videos like I made this one too. I just ordered a lot of materials. I've been spending the last few months testing the materials and seeing what I like the most and what I would sell to you guys.  So I've been really testing different materials and I just made a bulk order of stuff that I feel really good about. So hopefully, soon, I will definitely keep you guys updated on that. Alright, let's get into the beauty products. So let's start off with tools. I picked up the BK Beauty and Brit Clark brush set. BK Beauty is a brush brand that I've been wanting to try out for a while. But quite honestly, you guys, I just own so many brushes that it's overwhelming. I don't need any more brushes. But when Brit came out with the set, I knew I had to pick it up. Unfortunately, I don't believe this set is available anymore. But I do want to give my thumbs up to the BK brand in general. I love the quality of these brushes. They are synthetic brushes and they are so soft. And I've been using these nonstop, the eyeshadow brushes in particular. And then I also really have been loving the 104 brush. But if you're looking for some nice synthetic brushes that feel like a natural brush, I highly recommend these brushes. They are very good, very sturdy, very great quality. I'm considering just buying the whole set and throwing out all of my old brushes in my makeup kit and throwing these in my makeup kit because I love them. They are so good. Speaking of brushes, I know you guys have probably seen it, but October 12th refer is putting their main core collection for a big sale in their concept store. So I'm going to put the link down for that for you guys because I did use some of their brushes from that set in this video. And it's just a really great set. So if you want my email for that, definitely go check it out. I'll put it in my community tab too because it is one of my most used brush sets also. Obviously I've known about refer for a while, but BK has been a really awesome brand that I got to play with this month and have been using nonstop. I've spent a lot of time this month really testing the rare beauty products. I just really wanted to give the brand as a whole a lot of experimentation. So I have collected my full thoughts on the brand and one of the items that I found myself continually reaching for if you read all of the descriptions of my previous videos.  I keep grabbing for it. So obviously it's the rare beauty foundation. I wear the shade 210N and while this foundation, I wouldn't say it's one of my favorite foundations in the world. It's a great everyday foundation. I just love grabbing for it.  I think it blends out super easy. It feels like I'm wearing nothing. As I said before, it's not my favorite foundation in the world. I don't think, you know, it gives the best amount of coverage or the smoothest finish. It doesn't cover my pores or anything like that, but it's just so comfortable and lightweight and quick to use on the skin. So I've been grabbing for this a lot this month pretty much every day that I wear makeup. So I thought that this deserved to be talked about because it's one of the products that I've worn the most from the brand. Let's talk about eyebrows. I forgot eyebrows. So I have two eyebrow products that I have been using and abusing this month. The first one is the ELF Instant Lift Brow Pencil. I originally tried this because I picked it out for a sponsored video that I did with ELF. So this was gifted to me, but it's like three bucks and it is an awesome eyebrow pencil. What I really like about it is the color. I feel like it's the best color for me on everyday natural brow days. And I feel like every time I use this brow pencil, I always get compliments on how nice my brows look. I feel like it blends out perfectly. It doesn't deposit too much color to where it's too thick and creamy and dark on my eyebrows. That's how I feel about the Rare Beauty eyebrow pencil. I do not like that one. I love this ELF Instant Brow Pencil. It has a spoolie on one end. It has the tip here on the other end. The only thing that I do wish is that this tip was a little bit thinner. It is thicker than what I'm used to and especially now that I've worn it down. It's not as pointy anymore. I wish it was a little bit more pointy because I do feel like I've lost a little bit of that control element. But for three bucks, I really have been loving this. I've been grabbing for it every single time and I've been liking the way that this has made my brows look even more than when I use like my Benefit or my ABH. So I just think I like that it's not as thin anymore because it's just so quick to throw on. So I have another eyebrow product that I've been really enjoying and this is from Grande Cosmetics and this is the Grande Brow Fill with Brow Boosting Peptides and Fibers. So Grande reached out to me and they asked if they could send me some gifts. So I picked out some things from the website and this is one of the items. It's definitely a standout product in their collection in my opinion. So I have mine in the shade Dark and it's just a normal tinted brow gel. I used to use brow products like this every single day when I taught at a school and not in my house. And I really love this one. I feel like it really does add fibers to my brows which makes my eyebrows look thicker. But it also puts a nice hold into my brows but it's not super hard of a hold. It just makes the brows look thicker and makes them easier to control but it's still a soft feeling. It doesn't make your eyebrows feel like they could break because they're so hard. It still leaves the brows feeling natural while still giving the shape and thickness. So this is my new favorite brow gel. I think it is amazing and I highly recommend you look into this. I believe it has some ingredients in it that help speed up the growth of your eyebrows. So that's always nice. Let's move into some other eye products while we're at it. First let's talk about the eyeshadow palette that I'm wearing in today's video. And this is the Odence Eye Alva 2 eyeshadow palette. I have just been head over heels for this palette. I knew I was going to like it but I didn't know how much I was going to like it. I really just feel so inspired by this palette and I feel like there's so much versatility to it. So today for the look that I'm wearing I used apricot on the inner half of my eyelid. Add my crease and I blended that all over. And then I took some of orange Bon Bon and I used that as my outer lid and outer corner color. So this is the first half of my lid and the second half of my lid and I just blended that all out to get a really nice warm fall look. I then took some of coffee which is this dark brown shade and I blended it along my lower lash line to just define my eye overall. And then I also used it as a thick shadow liner as well. And then I finished up with some of pop rock on my eyelid. I did use a glitter glue because you guys have told me too many horror stories when it comes to pressed glitters. And so I don't use pressed glitters that often because I am scared. But with a little bit of glitter glue I just wanted a little bit something today for this look and I really really love it. Overall I just really enjoy the quality of this palette and the layout of the colors as well. I love the different dimensions that you get. I will say there are some shades that I do believe are kind of hit or miss or harder to work with. But like 90% of this palette is really awesome. I think it's a good price for what it is. And I just really love this rainbow palette and I never thought I would say that but I've been grabbing for this. I've been feeling inspired by this and I just think it's so cute and I love all of the looks that I've created with it. So I had to put this in this month's favorites. And how could I forget? Of course the Natasha Denona Glam palette is also a favorite of mine this month. You probably aren't able to tell right now because right now I'm in fall vibes. So I've really been enjoying more of the fall looks to just get me into the season. But normally I do feel more comfortable when it comes to cooler colors. And Natasha Denona released this cool toned baby. And I am in love with this. I just ugh this is me in a palette. I feel like I get so many amazing glam looks with this palette. So many amazing smoky looks. I love the shimmers. I feel like they look so glamorous and shiny on the eyelid. And I haven't been grabbing for this as much as I would like just because I haven't been wearing as much makeup. But I continually want to grab for it. So I know I need to try different items. So I will grab for other items over this one. But if I did not have a YouTube channel, this would be my go-to everyday use every single day palette. So I've been loving this. I still think it is the great palette that I said it was in my review in. I just wanted to update you guys. It's still amazing. A few months ago, Ardell sent me a big box of a lot of their different lashes. So I've been trying out different Ardell lashes. And lately I've really been grabbing for the Ardell double up double wispies. So they're thicker than the normal wispy lashes which I really like. And I'm wearing them on my eyes right now and they're a little bit grody. I'm gonna throw them away after this because I've been wearing them so many times. But I really like the length on these. I like how thick they are but they're still natural as well. I mean it depends if you wear false lashes or not. But to me these are a nice natural lash. I'm not wearing any black eyeliner and they still look really good along the lash line. And this has just been a great everyday lash for me that I find myself wearing a lot on camera as well. They are in a dramatic lash. I love a dramatic lash with a dramatic look. But I've been going for these more wearable kind of looks lately. And these lashes have been perfect. So I wanted to share that. I've been loving this lash this month lately. I have a couple face products as well. So we'll start off with the new Hourglass Ambient Lighting Edit Sculpture palette. So this is the new Hourglass palette that came out with this holiday collection. I did a floor review and everything for you guys. And I really have been enjoying this while I will say it's not my favorite palette that they've come out with. Every year when they come out with a new one. I still love it regardless because I really do enjoy just the quality of the formulas. Right now I'm wearing just the blush and bronzer. But this is just a great palette to grab for everyday. When you don't want to think about how to pair your face powders together. This is a really great way to have it laid out. And they blend like butter on the face. They give you the most stunning glow. And Hourglass products honestly are my favorite when it comes to powder face products. This has been very easy for me to grab for. Like I said, not my favorite color combo that they've come out with. But it's still so good. Let's move over to highlights. And I think taking a look at everything. This is probably the item I was most shocked by. So it makes it that much more special for me. And that much more exciting for me to talk about. But I've really been enjoying the Charlotte O'Rae Hollywood Superstar Glow Highlighter. And they came out with one last year and I passed on it. Because I was like, I'm not spending $55 on a highlighter. And I honestly expected to say that in my review. But I cannot put this highlighter down, you guys. I never wanted to be the person to tell you that you need a $55 highlighter. And I'm not going to tell you that. But I want you to read my eyes. Take that as you will. But this is the highlight that I'm wearing today. Everything about it is perfection. This one is one of my new favorite highlighters. And I did just upload a luxury highlight ranking. And a lot of you guys were asking about this one. I filmed that weeks ago. So I actually didn't own this highlighter. And I will say this highlighter is at least ranking in at number three. But it's probably higher than that. I cannot put this highlighter down. The texture of it's rich, but it doesn't really emphasize texture. And it's just the most perfect blinding glow from within. If that's even possible. And it looks so good on so many different skin tones. I've seen so many different ranges trying on this highlighter. And it just looks scrumptious on everyone. It is available now. Not going to tell you need it. Nobody needs a $55 highlighter. That's real good. All right, you guys. So I'm going to finish off with the last product, which is for lips. And I think this is another favorite of mine from the Rare Beauty line that I've been enjoying. And I think part of it is just because I love the color that this is. But these are the matte lip cream.  These are going to give you more of almost a blotted appearance. Like I really did have to build up this color right here. But for every day, if I'm not wearing glitter on my eyes and lashes, I actually just like tapping this in as a quick everyday color. I think they're really great for the mask situation right now because they are a little bit lighter when you just pat them out. And they just give you a little bit of a stain to the lip, which I think is what we need if you're wearing makeup underneath your mask. So this has been a formula that I've been grabbing for. As far as just putting some color on my face without having to worry about smearing all over my mask. So I'm wearing a shade Brave, which is a shade I most recommend because I just think it's one of my favorites for this time of year. It's a beautiful orange. But I also really do enjoy the other shade I got, which is Courage. And this is like a purpley, mauvey kind of shade. This is my everyday type of shade. I always find myself going for lipsticks like this. But seasonally, I love this one. But for every day, I love Courage. And this is just a lip formula that's been really fantastic. I will say though, another item from the Rare Beauty line that I really love is the liquid blushes. It's just a lot of cheap products have come out. So I haven't really used them that much. But those also are very nice. So that is all I have in the way of favorite products right now. Like I said, haven't really been doing much with my life, pertaining to worrying about the way that I look. So I don't have that many cool favorites with you guys. I've been watching Love Island US. I know that ended. I made it about halfway through, but I couldn't wait. I needed to know who won. And so once I figured that out, I stopped watching. I don't know, I feel like my days have been wake up, teach, film a video, edit it, go to bed. And that's all I've been doing every day. No time for free time. So I'm sorry if this one was a boring favorites video. But that is all I have for today's video. I hope you guys enjoyed it. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already, I would absolutely love it if you would consider taking the time to do so. And I will see you guys in the next one. Bye guys, have a good one.