Hello, welcome to the fix. My name is Aaron Mestani. I'm James Butler and we're gonna be talking about the biggest stories of I think not just today, but my adult life the weirdest wackiest stories. I think we could possibly imagine really incredibly strange It's been such a strange few days. So we're talking about firstly The remarkable story Uncovered by it seems much of the British print media that Jeremy Corbyn was in fact a Shekka Slovak asset during the Cold War With the codename Cobb agent Cobb I mean, that's pretty big story, right? And you would think and then and then in addition that we'll be talking about these We will be we'll be talking about Theresa May's conversion to the cause of education. What Theresa May a work Theresa Wait may but maybe not Right so starting with agent Cobb as he's called Really remarkable story. This was broken initially by the Sun wasn't it last week? And then I think a lot of us wrote it off We thought of you know, it's just the Sun and then it was picked up by the Telegraph by the mail And then you had some pretty impressive influences Repeat it. So if we can just get these up now Ferguson Who's actually pretty decent historian? Wow who might have once been a pretty decent historian It's a Harvard historian. He was a decent historian back in the day before he started writing trash for money Right, but those photos Ferguson and then we've got Dan Snow did that just come up a second ago? That's I think the history guy. He's called Yeah, what historic like historiographical schools says you use the Sun as a source The yellow press history tradition of the late 19th century I mean, it's a really curious thing to work You would imagine that anyone who was familiar with British history would at least think hmm This looks like a Zinoviev letter situation. Yeah, I mean, this looks like you know, there is a long tradition here of smears made up by the British press particularly with left-wing labour leaders But yeah, no the the the kind of histrionic response from people like this not historiographical Histrionic that's really important to say, right? That's really important to say because this is what I want to talk about always talk about confirmation bias and bandwagoning bias And these people want to pass themselves off as ultra rational ultra objective and yet somebody's a Harvard historian Well gleefully gleefully if you actually read Ferguson's tweet Reference a story by the Sun newspaper. And I mean this really just does I think the token a certain kind of like I say confirmation bias within within the mainstream media now Why would they do that?  Well, because a central Jeremy Corbyn government doesn't just Conflict with his political values it fundamentally undermines his material interests as somebody who's now in the The bourgeoisie middle class. Okay, although he will say I came from a Glasgow councillor state. Well, you don't anymore. Yes. Yes So that's what matters And then we've got the Sun's Tom Newton done. What'd you make of this one James? This is what he said here. There is little hard evidence Corbyn was a paid-up spy But he admits meeting a Czech intelligence officer who he says he thought was only a diplomat to talk And this happened four times over 18 months in 1986 to seven. This question is his judgment, right? 1986 to seven not the height of the cold war perestroika underway by this point really thawing really going on when was red October The film later I think all right. I'm but but you I'm no cinema buff I mean the cold war is affected me over by the release of red October. Yeah, kind of joke. Yeah, Sean Connery is now You know, the Soviets are no longer these very scary people. They're now Ivan Drago in Rocky 4 and Sean Connery as some guy who's got a speech Impediment and Scottish action accent as a Russian admiral Clearly the Cobb was over by then right? Yeah, absolutely. Absolutely. And I mean, I think you know the other thing here Is that these people are trying to whip this up into into a kind of story about you know, as if it were You know the the you know, Kim Philby Sort of This is Ben Wallace just just a couple of just a couple of hours ago on Twitter Following in the on the heels hot on the heels of Ben Bradley MP. Yeah, so Ben Wallace compared Corbyn to Kim Philby is one of the Cambridge spies of course went and lived out a miserable existence in the USSR after selling British secrets to to to the USSR as was at the time I mean, this is you know, this is laughable. It is laughable and the thing if I think that it's really key here Is to just maybe pick apart this guy a little bit this what's his name this? Sarcot she's our cozy. I don't know how you know, you know This is a this is a guy who seems to believe that checker slow back spies helped fund and organize live aid Who who but nonetheless, I mean even even he at first in the first version of this story that he told the sun Says that the you know, the knowledge couldn't be utilised because the knowledge they gained from Corbyn was of a limited nature He was negative towards the USA Yeah, very important very unpatriotic. He also keeps dogs and fish And also he's he was a very this guy this our cozy guy very close to Winnie Mandela And apparently he knew what Margaret that you had for breakfast every morning. Yes And what she was going to wear that day now this guy after he has had some attention has now Taken to the press and so he's now saying that he has a he's got a he had a he ran a ring of 10 to 15 labor MPs Who have paid 10,000 pounds. This is just this meeting. This is the checker slow backs, right? Yeah Yeah, so how many of the Soviets have I mean, this is a completely ludicrous story And you know, I mean, I think the thing that's interesting is that you know The Sun really knew what they were doing here, right? They did this thing that they always do which is create a little bit of a kind of fake news storm You know among the right-wing kind of debating chambers on the echo chambers Guido gets involved Really stirs it up. You know the Sun drip feeds this stuff and eventually people start talking about it Someone's you know some patsy from the press asked Theresa May a question about it And now that the Prime Minister has mentioned it then it's fair play for the right wing press The more respectable right wing press to go into it probably tomorrow I would imagine that they're going to chase this down You know, I imagine some patsy Tory MP will ask a question during PMQs tomorrow and try and keep the story alive a little bit longer It's a very predictable playbook. Can we get up the tweet from John Hemmings from the Henry Jackson Society? I'm gonna get that up. What does he say this?  How could a self-proclaimed human rights champion have found things to admire in police states like Czechoslovakia and the GDR which imprisoned and tortured dissidents a nice photo of Corbin on his chairman Mao style bicycle First of all, that's from a Matthew Dan Kona article in The Guardian. Yeah Here's reality about Jeremy Corbin.  I bet I know. I bet it was none.  And then you had this, it was Sebastian Payne Oh, the little dwee boy who works for the Financial Times This slapstick pop-n-j of the financial press You know, he was he was praising it as well And you just think okay, I understand The Guardian has to cover these things and they obviously need a right-wing journalist in there for balance I think this is ridiculous.  He's got zero value. Here we go. Oh my god. Yeah, I mean This is the worst take of all. I have to say that my response to everything Matthew Dan Kona has ever written is who cares? He's wrong about everything. Startlingly dull writer and extremely It's extremely difficult to get to the end of one of the columns without falling asleep I mean you mentioned there the dissidents and I think this is an important point actually, you know This is the you know Corbin is the kind of person who would have been involved and was involved in talking to kind of Charter 77 dissidents That stuff is really really important and also as I mentioned earlier These smears are the kind of things that got trotted out even against right-wing Labour leaders like Kinnock. Kinnock you had described as having Kinnock's Kremlin connection by the Sunday Times in the 1992 election accused of red connections Based on a meeting with a Soviet ambassador in the 1980s Well, let me tell you the number of people in the right-wing press who paled up with Augusto Pinochet right up to the evil witch-queen herself Margaret Thatcher who of course admired and gave asylum to Pinochet when he was You know running away from the consequences of his many many political murders and Executions we also had of course in 1995 the Sunday Times story on Michael Foote Based on Soviet block files again with a headline KGB Michael Foote was our agent and you know, you know by July of that year The newspaper had of course apologized and paid out quite substantial damages now on the question of legal action, of course we had I think Do we have the Ben Bradley tweet do we have that? Get Humpty Dumpty up. Yes. Here we go.   What secrets in the late 80s?  So this is the secret So, okay for one thing. So here's the really funny thing Corbyn in the late 1980s an avowed member of the peace movement the anti-nuclear movement CND Not a privy councillor so the state secrets that he'd been privy to would be questionable But yes, that is a really good question about what British secrets might actually be Well, what are they British secret be born into aristocracy and fail your way upwards to the rest of life study the home secretary That's possible, you know get you know this Conduct partition and brutal oppression across the world including on your next door neighbor and somehow managed to have an International reputation as anything other than a rogue state based on liking gin and tea.  Yeah, no No, no, no, no, let me tell you it's really not you really don't want it But no, I mean so to be serious for a moment, though This is so Ben Bradley put this tweet up about an hour before we came on air tonight I spoke to him for Jeremy Corbyn said we have instructed a lawyer to send a letter to Ben Bradley to instruct him to delete His libelous tweet Ben Bradley has deleted his libelous tweet Now you might think it's done the kind of work that he wanted it to do You might also think That that this kind of thing Is it strange for a leader of the opposition shouldn't a politician expect to be slandered and libeled maybe that's true But this is exactly the kind of political signaling that led to a man who was obsessed with you know far-right Conspiracies against the British people Fashioning or buying a gun off some source and assassinating Jo Cox in the run-up to to the election last year This is exactly the same kind of paranoid enemy of the people enemy of Britain's scare mongering That led to that murder and I think it's absolutely right to come down hard on it And I think it is frankly fucking disgraceful that people who are supposed to be Public servants are engaged in exactly this kind of red scare baiting which includes by the way Paul Steins who has described himself as you know a fanatical Zealot-like anti-communist you know who gladly participated in running guns to the Contras he writes about this Yes participated in in raising funds for Unitar in Angola sort of murderous anti-communist anti-socialist anti-left Guerrilla group, you know has defended as recently as just a few years ago has defended the regime of Augusto Pinochet and Chile These are the people You know who are behind? You know these these storms who are behind this kind of despicable behavior and we shouldn't give them time of day Frankly, they should be handed out of public life entirely I cannot believe that we are now You know that the agenda for the media to be set by people like Paul Steins who has blood on his hands. He's a murderer He's amazing. Paul Steins is a murderer He writes about going into the Contras and firing off AK-47s He says he was firing off AK-47s in Joberg, I believe while you know Paddling around with these kind of people, you know, he says he never wore a hang Mandela badge But he hung out with people at the Federation for conservative students who did so that's Paul Steins He's quite upfront about it. He says look, this was just cause these were politics. It's a civil war And you know, he says he has no regrets. He says he has no regrets I'm sure none of it was I'm sure that was illegal But you want these people like you say setting the press agenda in a liberal democracy. I certainly don't yeah I mean, I think the other thing that Ben Bradley is trying to do here Which is connected to this kind of stoking up of these right-wing fears is Exactly, you know the kind of cultural strategy that we've talked about a bit before Both on the fix previously, but also on Navarro FM that these people really want because it's the last thing they have Now Ben Bradley also applauding a Conservative activist for calling Owen Jones a little fag on Twitter the other day This is a guy who's really Getting behind this kind of cultural stuff and I think it really has to be stamped out as soon as possible But he's also really stupid. He's also really Can we get up this this tweet? Well, we'll go to a break in a bit, but we'll get at this tweet where I Tweaked it earlier on today. It's from the Stephen Nolan program. If you guys could pull it up I Mean, it's remarkable. I mean he's new and he's one of the most promising. He's not 30. Is he a God alone? I see 29 28 29 MP for Mansfield majority of about I think a thousand and fifty eighty in in our sights for next time You know, I mean, you know, there's got to be a campaign there to unseat this guy This guy is real real poison. Well, this is why him and Anna Subri in particular. I'll work soon every time Owen Jones does this unseat thing.   Have we got that tweet yet with Ben Bradley This is remarkable if you can't then I'll just this is not it's not it. It's not it It was my tweet. It was with Stephen Nolan and Stephen Nolan says, you know, what's going on? Brexit this is the week when we found out there was no plan in regard to Irish border And that they were talking to the Republic without, you know, processing things to DUP and he said we're making up as we go along You know, I mean that's when it hit me. I got it was like a ton of bricks Actually, this guy's just really thick. Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. Absolutely. Absolutely. But yeah So these are these are the people who want this kind of right wing media storm They want these these things about this we'll hear more about it. It's such a bullshit story The other thing I would say before we move on to Theresa May's conversion to to the cause of Free well not free somewhat reduced education. She's not NCASC member She's now got a position on fees to the left of much of the parliamentary Labour Party The the the thing I would say just before before we move on to that is that this is a prime case For the need for leveson to yes Now it's in the manifesto of the Labour Party It was also I believe in the manifesto of a small party which no longer has any relevance whatsoever They're yellow and support Tories wherever they can so I won't talk about them But you know, it is worth just mentioning that this was an inquiry that was supposed to feed on from from the previous Iteration for leveson, which is going to be a wider inquiry about the kind of criminal behavior of both news of the world and other Papers as well as corruption in the police around these things around kind of these source the sourcing of these stories and and you know These people the people who own these papers and people who edit these papers papers like the Sun Papers like the Telegraph are running shit scared of leveson to really really don't want it And whereas Theresa May has announced her inquiry into the sustainability of the press with a whisper that in order to keep quality journalism like Check spy Corbyn alive. She might think about subsidizing the dead tree press So there you go. Those are the two things on offer bungs for Murdoch Or actually having this stuff come to light. I mean, I think that's quite a stark choice very stark choice We're going to talk about fees in a minute. I think we're going to go to a break We're going to a break Right Ben, let's start with you How has your government demonstrated that you're capable of delivering Brexit given the absolute Shambles we've seen over the last couple of days This is a completely unprecedented thing isn't it? This is what people seem to forget. There is no rule books to follow There is no You know history of this happening that you can go out and find the best practice and go and do it You know One way or the other they are both sides you UK government essentially having to make it up as they go along because there is no example of this So it's not surprising that it's difficult.  Have you just heard yourself easy thing? Have you just heard what you have just said of your mouth? You're working it out as you go along. Well, what's the other option alternative? What plan do you follow? You're into this a plan a thoughtful plan the greatest minds in the UK sitting down and over the last 12 months thinking to themselves Oh, I wonder how the DUP might react if we do a deal with the Irish government and don't tell them the Irish border We were talking about for you know We've been talking about for nearly every day for a year and yet you've let the camera by the top of the interview Ben You're making it up as you go along So it's Theresa May time and now fees were good Now they are bad, but also good So Theresa May has experienced a kind of conversion to something you and I could have told her seven years ago, which is that Universities are going to will act like cartels when it comes to being able to set their own fees The market doesn't work And that we live in well, let's hear it in her own words. Shall we we've got a video of Theresa May giving her speech today in Darby about tuition fees Through education we can become a country where everyone from every background Gains the skills they need to get a good job and live a happy and fulfilled life To achieve that we must have an education system at all levels which serves the needs of every child And if we consider the experience which many young people have of our system as it is today It's clear that we don't have such a system today The competitive market between universities which the system of variable tuition fees envisaged has simply not emerged Or but a handful of universities charge the maximum possible fees for undergraduate courses Three year courses remain the norm and the level of fees charged do not relate to the cost or quality of the course So we now have one of the most expensive systems of university tuition in the world So now is the time to take action to create a system that is flexible enough to ensure that everyone gets the education that suits them And that's what the review which I'm launching today sets out to deliver So we have her announcing today that we have the most expensive or one of the most expensive tuition systems in the world system for which Theresa May voted and The objections to which everything she's just outlined in that speech was said to her and said to them and said to the government Well ahead of it happening. It was raised in Parliament. It was raised by students. It was raised during the protests It was raised in lobbying. It was raised throughout now Of course, we don't think that this is all about evidence-based Policymaking and that she's holding her hands up and going oh, I was wrong because she's not reversing the system at all But what is important is that she's announced this inquiry where she says That you know, it's going to be chaired by a city economist Brilliant There might be a little bit of a reduction in fees for some courses Which will inevitably for struggling universities to charge a lower fees for poorer students So you get more striation in the higher education system Astriation which already exists And you know, it's supposed to run for a year report in early 2019 And so it's really kicking the issue into the long grass for a while But it's think it's really striking here actually that she you know She says things like oh there should be greater focus on technical education But she refuses to give a target of how many people are going to go to university It's just a kind of completely baffling failure on her part. I mean politically. It looks really really bizarre She was a senior member of the government that brought in these things. She defended them and she defended them in interviews She defended them in Parliament. She voted for them. It encourages a cartel You know, you know, and one of the places you can see this happening, you know, the gradual, you know Pulling apart the university system is in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which are really selling out the UCU strike They're you know, not using their power next week. Well, it's ongoing. So it's a rolling course of series It's not the most fun next week. Yep. Yep. Yep And you know, obviously we support the strike and we would encourage everyone watching to support the strike as well If you're in a higher education institution You can find out more about that at the UCU website. You can find out more about it It's the excellent article in the LRB blog by Wassy Mewkoop from Cambridge But so all the things that we're saying are wrong We could have told her years ago and the economics of this stuff is mad as well You know, the the operating on debt still uses RPI that, you know, extracts more cash from students you know punitive measures such as You get a punishment add-on if you don't notify the student loan company that you've moved house Despite the fact that this stuff is clawed back in PAYE for most employees. Anyway, anyway, it's all technical stuff And this is all good.  The thing is is that the thing is that three quarters of graduates now will not repay I've not paid the principal, right? I mean, I know I've paid some of the debt Yeah, some of the interest of but yeah, so that this is of course a good reason to abolish all student debt This is a good reason to abolish tuition fees and what's so baffling about this is a political move is that she's come out with this technocratic policy That she already knows won't work The experts in the field are saying this doesn't sound like it will work and will have really deleterious effects on higher education as a whole and It looks much less attractive and much less easy to understand than labor's proposal, which is that they should be abolished I mean God knows what she thinks she's doing well firstly and this is really weird is she's highlighted a problem and Then she's not offered a solution. Yeah, I mean, it's literally the worst possible thing you can do on any policy subject Then she said and I found it's very odd She wants fees to be lower for human humanities degrees and she's saying well They have less capital investment, which is true to train a doctor costs a lot of money, but we need doctors We need engineers, you know, I'm a humanities student myself We also need humanities students But clearly when you've got I think right now A&E's are about I think we need an extra 5,000 doctors in the NHS You know the priority you'd imagine will be on training People that are gonna work in key public service and of course she keeps the tier 2 visa cap on so it's not like you can Anyway, no, so I found this particularly interesting not because I agree or disagree But because it's gonna be out of kilts of what the majority of conservatives think you know I actually think most conservatives if you said engineers doctors stem subjects, they shouldn't have to pay fees They'd go yeah, yeah, and they were self David Beckham studies They should have to pay fees and what Theresa May is actually saying is the opposite. Yeah, yeah, which I just I can't What she's thinking well the thing that's interesting about this is that actually this is a Nick Timothy idea and so the cold dead hand of Crap Rasputin comes back from the grave. He looks terrible. He does look terrible. We have an image of we can get a picture of Nick Timothy up My god, he really does look awful Anyway, maybe we'll have can I also say there's a big political factor here, isn't there if you're a opponent if this You're the Labour Party He's not 40 yet. Yeah. No, I mean so so the thing that I thought was Was really really striking So he had said he said that this is something that he had wanted to do and he'd been blocked by justine greening and jay johnson So this is Theresa May out of ideas coming back to Nick Timothy Nick Timothy called tuition fees an ultimately pointless Ponzi scheme now obviously she's not she's not courageous enough to go With this stuff. Yeah, but she also doesn't have any other policy ideas. She's floating rudderless. She has no friends She has no advisor.  You know, she was Invented by Nick Timothy and Fiona Hill. She was mage. This is a woman who's very introverted Who is not charming who is not a political performer She was invented whole cloth by these two advisors that she's been forced to cut loose And no wonder she's going back to these kind of zombie versions of their ideas But you know, it just doesn't seem to be working and now we're and now she's stuck with the human lollipops That is Gavin Barwell If we could if we can get I'm not joking if we can get Gavin Barwell up He looks like he looks like a toffee apple He's one of these amazing people in politics who managed to look both three years old and 60 years old at the same time Sort of boss baby of the conservative right. Can I say this is this is quite interesting for me is that um What Theresa May is doing at the moment? I think it's sort of reminiscent of um Henry Clinton and a kind of lot of the melt center left So it's identifying a big problem and then offering like a really weird like as Paul Moses says altering the cuff links Yeah, so she's saying you know Henry Clinton was doing this a lot in the campaign trial, right? So she'd say like well actually we want to have a negative income tax And it'll be over three years against the principal on the margin and then it will be inverted to the ratio Which will be relative to future income indexed against age and income inequality. Nobody knows what you're talking about Absolutely, absolutely simple policy Scrap tuition fees. No, that's completely That was bar where I was head flashing up subliminally Like some sort of monstrous Christ almighty. What what a monstrous looking It looks like a lollipop. He does. Um, so but anyway, my point is this politically I mean labor is just so much easier to understand So there is something I wanted to talk about which links to our earlier story Which is to do with fake news on this subject and I for my sins Listen to the radio for bbc radio for today program in the morning. It's on my my alarm goes off in the morning I have an hour Of the today program. This is the catholic in you. Yeah. Yeah. No, I think I begin my day with mortification Rather than the cat of nine tails. Yeah, but so I was astonished this morning to hear john Humphries who's paid 600 000 pounds per annum by the bbc Um interviewing nicky morgan and we have the clip. So let's go to the clip and just listen to it because it's quite amazing There's a big political factor here, isn't there if you're a opponent if this you're the Labour party Jeremy Corbyn says, yeah, this is what we're going to do and we we're and and we're going to offer students maintenance grants as well You've got a struggle on for the youth to vote in the next election Well, I think it's a bit more sophisticated than that and I think pretty soon after the election As far as I can remember Jeremy Corbyn and john mcdonnell both said oh, well, we're not sure we we're going to abolish it It was all you know a promise made in the heat of an election that they knew was absolutely unaffordable And I think young people know that too and the young people that I meet I represent a large university in my constituency and the young people I meet there absolutely understand that it's right that they make a contribution To the cost of their courses. They're the ones who are going to Benefit from it and of course people don't pay the fees up front. It's something they pay back over the course of 30 30 years So it is the right system to have in place. It's the right one as I say to put universities on a sustainable foot And that was nicky morgan who then went completely unchallenged by john humphreys despite the blatant lie She'd just engaged in at no point after the election and this is an important point at no point after the election Did anyone in the labour party row back on the promise to abolish tuition fees? It's in the manifesto it continues to be in the manifesto and John humphreys who you would think would know this quite basic political fact, right? This is the man who is supposed to be the bbc's One of the bbc's top interviewers top political journalists should have looked at nicky morgan and said you are lying And what you're doing here is you know that you probably won't be challenged on this on the show and you can get away with You know ceding this idea Into the ears and brains of the listeners to the today program And these are not the people who will be listening 45 minutes later when john humphreys in a very brief and very highly decided Oh, well apparently that wasn't true He should be if he were even halfway Basically journalistically competent and this is important because the today program sets the agenda for the news cycle of the day the most important show on radio right and He is incapable of doing the basic journalistic competence of challenging her. Why is he there? He's there because basically he's not dead yet. I mean a baffling that he's not You know the man should retire really get carry gracey in Carrie gracey The movement starts here. Carrie gracey to present the today program So what I think is important here is it tells us two things one is that nicky morgan Is a snake and knows what she's doing and she's not I mean she's not bright But she knows what she's doing in this circumstance, which is that she's going on there to feed a story Like this into the into you know into the people who are listening, you know Hopefully into the press don't get picked up Um, so so that's important.  The press is incapable of digging into the most basic story here This is a very very basic You know key fact that you will remember in the difference between the policies of the conservative party and the labor party From the election last year one doesn't want to touch tuition fees. The other one wants to abolish them That is quite basic But also what I think a lot of them don't understand within the media people at john humpfrees Labour's policy has decided democratically Yeah, with the tories therese may sort of write it on a napkin and nick timothy's sort of telling down whatsapp What's a bit in the manifesto on the menshtax for instance? Yeah The labor party manifesto is democratically agreed to it goes through the n.e.c Of some in the national policy forum, you know, you can't just change stuff on the hoof And obviously what she's trying to do here is she's Creating a false ambiguity between liquidating existing student debt and getting rid of the fees And this is a perennial feature of how the tories seek to discredit corbin Is this false ambiguity? It's the exact same with the this cheque stuff, right? So they're saying almost immediately as newton dun did james cleverly said it very quickly Or it's not really true But how can we trust somebody who maybe could have been in such a position, you know talking potentially to a cheque ambassador? He's you know or a diplomat. Of course he can talk to a cheque diplomat. Why not? Yeah, I mean tom newton dun should have ended that tweet there, right? Like that It's not true He said I mean the first bit of the tweet is saying if we can get the tom newton dun Tweet up from earlier on he literally says Yeah, here we go. There's little hard evidence corbin was a painless play. That's it. That's the tweet That's the tweet There you go. There you go. You lying bastard Well leveson too is going to come on and unroll these people and I'm very much looking forward to it Um, so yeah, that that is Theresa May. So she's falling back on timothyism Um, you know, it's what you know, it's worth saying that this is a sign of a really really weak prime minister And someone who is dead out of ideas weakest prime minister over Certainly of the last hundred years. I think it's pretty impressive and nobody has the capacity to act Uh decisively. No, no, no That's it. I think I don't think we have anything more to say about these people I mean, it's just been an astonishing week. I you know, I I continue to be utterly amazed at the state of the british press I continue to be utterly amazed that Theresa May hasn't sort of run screaming to antarctica or somewhere You know, she must feel the knives around her. Um, yeah, no, so this week has been uh, I have just been You know, it's been jaw dropping and my feeling is is that this check stuff is going to run and run and run And it's running on fumes. There's nothing There and I hope I genuinely do hope That if this kind of libel is repeated by mp's absent parliamentary privilege, it can't be sued for libel for what you say now, of course But if people if, you know, tori mp is tweeting this kind of nonsense out and doing this kind of signalling to hard right people Like thomas mayer was I hope corbin does sue them. I hope that he sues them, you know to you know to beggary does the hopkins Yeah, they have to sell their homes go and take ketamine in south africa. That'd be great I mean for me, I couldn't agree more these two stories for me bring together The fact that we have a system in freefall a system of consent as well as a system of politics And you see it with carillion. You saw it with grandfell You saw it with the hdv stuff and actually went right through the labor party as much as being a an issue between the two major parties And now you see it with this check this checks by nonsense and tuition fees this week Near liberalism and the consent that was behind it is gone And we don't really know what's coming next do we? Yeah, but it's an exciting time great Well, we'll see you next monday on the fix. We will indeed. Bye. Bye. Bye


I'm here at ITU Telecom World 2012 in Dubai and I'm very pleased to be joined by Gabiel Gautay who is Executive Vice President of a Global Government and Public Affairs for Alcatel Lucent. Gabriel, thank you very much for being with us today. Thank you for having me. Debates at ITU Telecom World 2012 have been focusing very much on the current radical transformation of the ICT sector and its implications for the industry and the world in which we live. What for you is the principal opportunity arising from this transformation? I really think that the biggest change in the last two or three years in our world is the rapid uptake of mobile broadband and its huge transformational power. Mobility is now everywhere, being developed to developing countries. Six billion human beings have a mobile phone but out of the six billion 1.2 is a mobile broadband connection and in five years time probably five billion human beings will have in their pocket and in their hand a higher processing power than the computers of the 1980s. Now this has huge implications both for the development of this world. We know that 10% of the broadband penetration triggers GDP growth up to 1.2% in developed economies and even more in developing economies, 3% and create jobs. We all know that so the small and medium companies who have embraced broadband internet and mobile broadband create twice as many jobs as the others. So I think really this is the biggest change and it's not an evolution, it's a revolution not only in the ICT sector but for the world. And what do you proceed to be the main challenges brought about by this transformation? The main challenge is to cope with it and to cope with this huge amount of data that is going to come from these mobile internet enabled mobile phones. We anticipate multiplication by a factor of 25 to 30 in the five coming years with this data explosion. How are we going to cope with it in times of disruption for the industry? We know that service providers who have been rather wealthy in the past years have more difficulties and that the value change in favour of the so-called over the top players. So we have to deal with scarcity of investment funds at a time where never in the last 15 years so much investment has been needed. Second is we have to deal with the scarcity and especially the scarcity of spectrum which is the second bottleneck. So how are we going to contain to cope? Three various answers. The first one, we need more spectrum. We need more harmonised spectrum in the world but we know it's not a totally expandable good. Second, we need more innovative technologies. LTE is more efficient, 4G is more efficient than 3G for instance. And third, we need new topographies, small sales but with small sales come the need for backhaul. So we also need new investment models. We can't go on in the world we have known in the last 10 years and invest as we have done. And last but not least innovation is not just technology. It's about new business models. It's about how do we make these new essential applications like mobile health, mobile education which have the biggest transformational power especially for developing countries and they know it. How do we make them happen? We make them happen through a collaboration of not only technology service providers, not only service, traditional service providers, apps providers but also governments, education, health. There is one doctor in Sudan per 100,000 people. There is a lack in the developing world of over 1.5 billion community health workers. Now these people know much better than the developed world that they will, that mobile broadband is the future, that they will not be able to do without it. How do we make all these people work together to make it happen? And I think this is perhaps one of the biggest challenges of this ITU. Well, we're very much here and we're here at ITU Telecom World 2012. I wanted to finally ask you, why is an event like this important? An event like this is important first of all because it's, of course, it's an assembly of policymakers, ministers, regulators who need to understand that the world is changing, that they have the role to play collaboratively with the private sector to make these business models, to enable these business models and probably through a change of the traditional regulation. And they have in their hands one of the scarcest and most valuable goods, which is Spectrum. And Spectrum allocation can be twofold. They must see that as an essential asset not to reap value out of the private sector, but to bring it to the population and to their countries to enable these invaluable new business models to happen, especially in the two domains, mobile health and mobile education. Gabrielle, thank you very much indeed for being there today. Thank you for having me.


Hi, I'm Christine from Colorfits, and I have a resin tip for you. All right, so I'm here to show you how I mix my medium with my paint, and then hopefully we can create some great lacing and cells for you. So I actually use an Elmer school glue. It acts as a really great binder to keep the paint and the pigment together. So I'll just add my glue first. And the great thing about the glue as well is you don't have to use as much paint when you're using a thicker medium. It will really take on the color. So I use about an ounce of glue and even half of an ounce of the paint. When I start slow, you want to mix the glue and the paint and get that all incorporated first, that way you're not losing any of the pigments. And then add your water slowly. You can't take the water out of it, so it's easier to add slowly than it is to take away. Now add some water. And again, I'll only do a few drops at a time just to make sure I'm not going overboard. If it's too thin, your paints will tend to pull apart from each other, break apart, look like they're splitting almost. So you want to make sure that you do have enough binder and paint to keep the pigments together. For a Dutch pour, you're just going to need more water to make it a little bit more fluid, but the same recipe will work for any technique, just less water. The slower the better.  And so the consistency I'm looking for is kind of like if you were to warm up honey or even art resin, the consistency of it when it's warm and it's easy to flow. So right now it's still a bit too thick. As you can see, it's taken its time to fall off the stick. But you want it to be pretty thin, but not too thin. Perfect. So now it's running off of my stick fairly easily, and then we'll be able to move on and put the base down and see if we can get some cells. Okay, so now that that's done, I'm going to start with my base. I mixed up the white the same way I did with the blue. And you just pour it directly on your stick to spread it around. If you want to make sure you have a pretty decent base, you don't want it to be too thin or else it's not going to have enough paint to flow across the canvas. So now we will add the color and see if we can get some great cells and lacing for you. So for the dutch pour I like to flood around, just give it a little bit more insurance that it's going to move. And now for the fun part. All right, so if you notice that your cells aren't showing up right away, you can always add the torch to the mix, and the heat from the torch is always going to bring those cells right up to the surface. There we go. Okay, so as you can see here, we're getting some nice blue cells where the white has gone over the blue here. And where the blue is getting blown out softly into the white, it's creating all of this great blue lacing here that you see. So in the white spot, we're getting cells, and in the blue spots, we're getting lacing. But any time you are going to use metallics with a flat base color, that's where you're really going to get some cell reaction. Another trick I like to use to create lacing and cells in my paintings is to try adding multiple different brands to one painting, and you'll get great results. And that's your resin tip for the day. Thanks for watching, bye.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in today. We're looking at my CMMG Banshee 300 AR pistol This one's a little different. It's chambered in 5.7 by 28 millimeter. The upper was switched out Now you've seen me review this gun using this upper right here. This one's chambered in 300 blackout I love this setup, but I was able to order just the upper chambered in 5.7 and now I can shoot 5.7 all day long and it's a ton of fun. A huge resurgence with this round. You know I think when Ruger offered the 5.7 or the 5.7 pistol a lot of people came back to this round and many people said well I hope Ruger makes a carbine. CMMG's been doing this since 2018. They had a 2018 model. This is a newer one and this also has a huge advantage and it's right here. 40 round magazines and I took it to an indoor range primarily for a function test to decide in the optic and you know I loaded up 40 rounds with each of these and it worked flawlessly and it was a ton of fun. The 5.7 is it's fast it's noisy there's a huge muzzle flash and I really enjoyed it and so I am so happy that I got this upper. Now you can see that this one's shorter. The overall length here is 19 inches in its shortest form and it has a 5 inch barrel and you can see the handguard is very short as well because it's got a 5 inch barrel. It has an aluminum m-lock slotted handguard a lot of rail space right there. The lower is the same that I used with my 300 blackout single stage trigger and an ambidextrous thumb safety. Oversize charging handle check that out. Alright that's nice and easy to manipulate and we look over here on this side we can see that there's the ambidextrous thumb safety sling mounts the oversized charging handle and then it's inscripted banshee right there. The Cerco color is slate that's what I chose kind of like a cobalt blue a lot of people said they loved the way that looked when I featured this they have many different colors I really liked the way this looks it's like a touch of class that I really enjoyed. Now I sighted in the optic I put a bushnell trophy TRS 25 there and it works well with this setup you know just a simple red dot not a lot of money and it's fine. The riser I realized that I needed once I put it on the the rail I couldn't get a good vision of the dot so I put that riser on and it just worked very well. The one thing that I really enjoy with the CMMG products in this case it's a rip brace on the rifles it's a rip stock and that is simply from its shortest position ripping it out so you can have comfortable shooting now you can preset it to where you want it to stop you know if you want it to go you know halfway there maybe a little bit more there or all the way out the shooter can do that simply by ripping it out and that is I think an advantage because it's fun so you got the rip brace you've got the 40 round magazines and you have the no FFL or transfer fee by having this upper shipped right to your house so if you have an AR lower you can have the ship right to your house and throw it on and you too can shoot five seven all you want or nine millimeter or 45 or 10 millimeter you name it CMMG is making a whole bunch of those uppers to suit shooters that want a variety of caliber choices and that is super cool. Another advantage that they have is that they use a radio delayed blowback system and what that is it's a mechanical delay that allows the pressure to move into the chamber before the bolt unlocks and performs its action and what that does is create soft shooting and people who own these will tell you that they say it's so such a soft shooting in this case AR pistol or rifle you know even with some of the heavier caliber chamberings it is noticeable now the 5.7 you're not going to notice that much it's a soft shooting round anyways but you know you throw a 10 millimeter on here or something even larger it is very noticeable and I noticed it a lot with my 300 blackout you know when I fired that it was like man this is like nothing and that is why because they use this radio delayed blowback system so it's a super cool setup and I am so happy to have it and I can't wait to get this out to the range and fire it and you know zero in on some targets because I love to hear that the sound of the steel hitting and you know the loud burst that the 5.7 offers with that I already mentioned 40 round magazines is so much fun and this setup is uh like I just keep saying it's a lot of fun because that's the best word that I could come up with it as well as you know a lot of people are gonna hunt with the 5.7 and I know a lot of people also a little self-defense so multi usage let's just say it that way and here we have an AR pistol that I'm going to be showing off a little bit more so y'all can look forward to that if you like videos like this please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button thanks for watching and you guys be safe


Okay, my name is Raymond Long, I'm a Linux kernel engineer working on both the upstream kernel as well as the enterprise Linux kernel. And this talk is about a feature in the Linux kernel called Control-Go. Right now they are currently suiting up here, but they didn't know, maybe I should be... Let's see what happens if you put yours up there then. Okay, let's... Are you on Google Slides? No, just... Okay, so what is a Control-Go? Control-Go in mechanism where you try to work a set of related process into one under one control and birth so that you can control the resource that are allocated to that set of process that are running in the system. So you can partition all the processes in the system into multiple groups and then assign different resources to each of those groups. And that is what Control-Go is for. Together with namespace, which is a mechanism that allows you to show only set of resources to the user process. They form the basis of what we do for container as well as for virtual machine. So there are many kernel resources that can be controlled by Control-Go, like the amount of CPU you have, the amount of memory, what I.O. devices that you can use for specific container or virtual machine as well as the network, the number of process ID you can use in the system. So how to use Control-Go? From the kernel perspective, Control-Go is controlled by exporting a set of virtual file system where you write the desired value into the virtual file system to move process into it and to set the other resource limit that you want for that Control-Go. So the Control-Go, so each process running a system associated with one of directory in the Control-Go by default when you start up a process is mostly in the wood directory, the wood Control-Go. And then you can use the Mac directory command to create additional Control-Go that you can move process into it as well as setting different set of resources for those process that belong to that new Control-Go. So these are just some examples of the virtual file that you are available for the CPU-set Control-Go. Each of the Control-Go and CPU-set is what we call a controller. So there are many set of controllers for controlling different resources in the system. And how to use Control-Go? So basically you can doubly assess the virtual control file for each of the Control-Go to assign process as well as set up all the resources. But in reality, you should use some abstraction layer like use the CG create and CG execute those kind of command. Or in reality most middleware layer they provide some interface that you can control what system can be classified or put into different Control-Go. So you seldom doubly write into the Control-Go, the control file for the CPU-set. And right now there are two versions of Control-Go that are supported by the Linux kernel, the V1 and the version 1 and version 2. Version 1 is in the kernel terminology what we call the legacy hierarchy. And version 2 we call it the default hierarchy because this is what the kernel engineer want to promote, to move from V1 to V2. And basically V1 are in mostly maintenance mode. There may be a little bit of new feature here and there, but most of the development activity focus on CG-Go V2. And so you want to use some new feature that are provided by the Control-Go system. You will need to move to V2 eventually because many of those new features may not be available in V1. And in terms of internal, within the Control-Go subsystem there is a core set of functionality that are shared by or used by all the different controller and then there are some controller specific functionality that are specific to one of the controller. And right now the kernel-available controller including a controller to control the profile, the CPU, and CPU set is just deciding which CPU or which memory node you can use for a process. And then there is a device, feature, huge TAB. So there's a list there. I'm not going to go into each of them one by one, but if you have questions you can ask about it. So now we're talking about the hierarchy. So Control-Go are managed like a directory tree. So you have a wood control group and then underneath the wood control group you can create some control group underneath it. And it's like a tree structure so you can have a multiple level of nesting within the control group hierarchy. And for the worst-of-one control group, each controller can have its own hierarchy. So as a result, you look at the control directory within any system. You can see multiple sub-directory, one for each of the controller. But then the feasibility of combining different VN controller and you can put a process. A process can be in one control, one SQL hierarchy, maybe a level one. But then in a SQL hierarchy, it can be deep in level two or even level three below. So that creates a lot of complexity that the controller needs to manage in order to make sure that you know excited on which control group each of the process is in. And there are cases where one controller may want to coordinate with another one to provide some kind of join feature that requires both. But it's very hard to do in SQL V1 because a process can be played anywhere in two completely different hierarchy of different tree. So it's very hard to coordinate between two different controllers. And this is where the SQL V2 comes in. The idea behind SQL V2 is that we provide only one unified hierarchy for all the controller. So you only put one point in the tree in the SQL hierarchy tree and then you know that all the controller, you can make sure that different controller in the same position in the tree will be able to work together because they will ensure that they all share the same set of process. And one of the new controller that are available is called the white-back controller. It controls the amount of white-back depending on the amount of memory bandwidth you use. So it needs cooperation between the BLOIO and the memory controller. And the only way you can do this is through the SQL V2 system because in V1 you just can't coordinate between two completely different tree. And how to use the unified hierarchy? Not all the SQL V1 controller currently available in unified hierarchy. Some of them may never be supported in V2 and some of them may remain as V1 only unless there is a strong request to do it. Some of those controller may not move at all. So a given controller can be either in V1 controller or V2. So you can't have the same controller in both. So you have to make a decision when you start a system whether you want to use that controller in a V2 controller or in a V1 controller. You can't do it both. So by default when the system puts up, the system tools like the system T will bind each controller to its own hierarchy. And so whatever lab that isn't mounted on but into the V1 SQL then it will be available as V2 when you mount the V2 SQL. But you can also use a good command parameter SQL underscore no V1 to specify the controller that shouldn't be available in V1 and should be in V2 only. So this is one way for you to kind of change the way that the system allocated which controllers go to V1 and V2. This is basically an interpretation mechanism. So like right now it's CPU no V1 but then my future kernels is going to be by default. There's no V1 and then you'll have to explicitly enable it if you need it then it will be gone without the idea. Well the idea is we want to eventually duplicate the V1 but right now V1 is still very happy to use so that's why by default you will. If the system mounted V1 controller then it will be in V1 only and whatever lab is available in V2 but you can override that by using this option. Is that even considered deprecated yet? Not yet. But we are moving in that direction. But we should treat it as deprecated. Yeah basically. CPU V2 also support a concept of delegation. So where less people use it is allowed to manage a subtree within the overall hierarchy. And so that feature will allow the use of a container that don't need a privilege to manage the control code within its own hierarchy. It's not available and V1 doesn't have this feature. That's why one reason people are trying to move to V2 is because of all these new features that are available. So I just gave a talk on delegations of this really. Can you give an example of something that a privileged user or less privileged user can do with a C-group that you could do before? Maybe you have the username space. Yeah. And that is mostly used for the username space or within the username space. The word within that particular name space doesn't need to have the word privilege in the whole system. And you can use the delegation to allow it to manage all the C-group control files underneath its own tree. So is there a supported route? Yeah, some work like a route. Because many of the control files can only be written by route or process with privilege. And so in order for a non-route user to do it, you have to use the delegation mechanism. Okay. Unlike the legacy hierarchy, a controller in the user file actually isn't enabled by default. So you have to explicitly enable each of the controllers because you can have multiple controller bind to the C-group V2 subsystem. And you don't want to be explicitly enabled all of them by default. So by default, they aren't enabled. And in order to enable a particular controller, you have to explicitly enable it using the C-group sub-tree control file. Sub-tree control means that all the child directory underneath it will have that C-group enabled. So the controller by default all enabled at the root C-group, but not on any of the child C-group unless you enable it in the sub-tree control file. So as a result, even if you have a hierarchy of different C-group directory, not all the controller are enabled in all of them. So you can manage which controller are enabled in which one. Like you can enable C-group control on the first level and not in C-group. You can enable here. And so in this case, both. So for what I'm saying is when you enable C-group control here, when you sub-tree, then both these two, A-group, the C-group A and D, will have C-group control enabled but not B and C by default. So process within the B and C will use the controller in the parent. In the nearest parent, they have that controller enabled. So we can think of this controller now control all the process within the A, B and C directory. Flat mode. In SQL v1, we manage process by the flat ID. So each flat can... Different flat of the same process can be in different hierarchy in the same controller tree. So that creates some competition in how you manage the resource because for some of the resource like memory, memory of all the flat within the same process, they share the memory space. So you just can't... So it doesn't make sense to manage each of the flat differently in terms of how you manage the memory. So there are some controllers that can only be... They are meaningful to be used for flat where different flat can have different resources or limit applied to it. But there are other controllers in memory that doesn't make sense to have different flat in different memory SQL. So SQL v2 has a feature called the flat mode where you have explicit enabled because SQL v2 by default manage on the process level. So you write the process ID and then all the flat within the flat process will go to the SQL directory. But there are controllers like the CPU controller which require the flat level control. So different flat within the same process may have different CPU priority or different CPU resources that should be applied to it. So in order to allow a flat controller to be used in a mainly process-based environment, we create a flat mode. You have to explicitly enable the flat mode in order to allow you to move different flat into different directory within the street structure. So this is how you use the flat mode. So you have to designate one or you can't enable flat mode in the wood. But in level one or below, you can enable the flat mode. And then once you enable it, this node is called the flat domain. And then underneath the flat domain, you can explicitly enable SQL that are threaded. Threaded means that it will only allow users to use controllers that support the flat mode like the CPU controller and some of the other ones. But there are controller like memory that are not allowed to be used in flat mode. So memory controller will stay here. And to manage all this, you can't activate memory controller here when the flat mode is designated as threaded. So only threaded controller can be activated in this level. And then underneath the domain, domain just means that you can't use threaded or you can't enable threaded controller here. You can keep on. And underneath the threaded directory, you have to... All your sub-directory has to be threaded as well in order for you to function well. But then underneath the domain, you can activate flat mode here and then create some additional thread sub-directory underneath it. So there are some behavior between V1 and V2. First of all, the naming of the control file may differ a bit between V1 and V2. The reason of this is that V1 controller will develop independently by different developers over a period of time. So the naming convention and also the semantic of each of the control files may differ between different controllers. So you really have to know what those control files is and how to use them. There is not a consistent naming convention as well as semantic for all those control files. V2, the current developer, want to have a more consistent interface that look or feel similar for each of the different controllers. So they apply more strict control of what you can name for each controller. And also because of the overtime, a lot of features that are added to V1 controller may not have that many users or may not be that useful. So all those what we think is not that useful features get dropped out of the V2. So V2 provide more simplified interface that are more consistent and supposedly easier to use than V1. So now we have to talk about how to migrate from V1 to V2. It's not easy process. Because of the control file, the naming of the control file is different as well as also the functionality may differ a bit between V1 and V2. So you have to kind of rewrite your application if you want to use V2. And upstream is currently doing that. They are trying to support SQL V2. So they will provide like the other system libraries. They will probably provide one version for V1 and another version for V2. So application can now choose to decide which one they want to use. They can use a V1 library to use SQL V1 or they can language V2 library and use SQL V2 for the application. And there are some, as I said before, there are some controller that are not core to the SQL. There are now not being supported in V2 instead. They are wise people that they can use other mechanism to control those, to provide similar feature like to use the EPP program. Or alternatively they can still use them as a V1 controller. Is that practically speaking, is that going to keep them assuming the C groups are there and so you can say, everything I want to do like a new V2 except I need the CLS? Well, you can, those controllers you can still continue using it everyone. It's not just in case of you can't just switch the V2 stuff on. Well, a lot of these are very special use cases. They are not, in fact, most of the middleware library, they don't use this SQL at all. Here's TLB, isn't used by them in the application actually. They are mostly used by enterprise applications like Oracle Database. Those are the... That's quite a world. Yeah. So what's going on with that? Well, there is just no customer request to do it in V2. And that's why they stay there. But you have to get a lockers behind only having V1 then right? In many cases, if you are wanting those entire applications, you probably want to have control the whole box instead of... Because control is a use of partition and system. And the application itself can manage it itself without using SQL at all. So it's probably a legacy that we provide. And I don't know how many people are actually using it, but I think it's not that many. Yeah. If people complain. Yeah, this is usually how we move forward. If no one complain, we move forward. If someone complain, then we will see how, what we can do and satisfy the demand. Okay. There are some issues with the Unified hierarchy, SQL V2. So it does solve some of the problems associated with SQL V1, but then it also introduces some of its own... And one of the problems is that you can't have that freedom of using different controller in completely different hierarchy. You only have one hierarchy. And so you have to prepare how you want to structure the hierarchy and move stuff there. So you require more thinking and planning for the user. And of all the SQL controller, the SQL controller has some performance implications with NASDAQ. And the more level you NAS, the more performance impact you may see. The reason is because of the way the scheduling work, they create... If you use CP controller, they actually create some dummy one queue. Well, each of the controller have their own set of one queue. So the way the server is...  But the entity may not be actual process. It can be a subtree of processes. So once you set the entity, you have to go down to select which... Until you find a process that you can run. So it takes time and that's why there are some performance implications with two different level of hierarchy that you want to do. So there are developer working upstream trying to reduce the performance degradation associated with the CP controller. But it's still work in progress and we don't know how much that will improve. So there is a proposed patch upstream. Actually, I posed a patch or I called the bypass mode to try to work on that problem with the CP controller. But the upstream to the server still want to do it the other way, basically improving the performance degradation associated with the CP controller instead of adding a new mode to work on the problem. And now we talk about the SQL v2 core. So those are the control files that are associated with the v2 core. So they are all prefix with the name SQL. There is a SQL controller which we only found there. So you want controller available for that particular directory. And then there's an event file. So I'm not going to go over all of them. The site will be posted on the platform website so you can read it when you have time. So now I've talked about each of the controller, like the CP v2 controller. So this controller manages how much CPUs time to be allocated each to process within that particular control group. So they do it by using a weight and also there's a max file to control the bandwidth. So they allow it to the process within the control group. So this is basically how the CP controller. You have two processes with different weights. Then the one with the higher weight will allocate more CPU time than the one with the lower weight. And you can also control it by allocating the bandwidth. So they have much total time out of. So there's bandwidth, there's a period like such as I think maybe one millisecond or so. And they allow you to one. You allocate a bandwidth, let's say 50%. Then out of each one millisecond, you are only allowed to one 0.5 millisecond. And then the weights have to be used by process in the other control group. Then there's a CPU set controller. The CPU set controller is used to control which CPU and which memory no process within that SQL is allowed to use. So the CPU controller is actually very useful used by all the container management tools as well as the VM to control which CPU and memory no are allocated to each of the container or machine. Because you don't want to... So you can partition a system into different partition of CPU and memory no and assign to different SQL. SQL V2 is also a new feature called partition that allow you to actually partition the CPU resources and scheduling within that CPU only. So it will affect the way that the CPU schedule work. And then we have the CPU V2 memory controller. The controller manage how much memory... How much physical memory allowed to be used by process within a SQL. I want to distinguish between physical memory and virtual memory. So a process within a SQL can have a very big virtual memory space. But out of that big virtual memory space, only a tiny portion of it are actually allocated in physical memory and used there. Memory controller is used to control how much physical memory is actually being used, not the virtual memory. So the way that memory controller work is that you can specify the high memory limit. So the amount of physical memory that allow to use by process within a controller. Once you reach that limit, then the system memory will kick on to try to regain memory back from those processes. And then there is another control file called the memory max that specify the maximum amount of physical memory you can actually reach before something bad happens. And what I mean by that is that in OEM, our memory controller will be activated and try to kill some women process. So to kill some of the process so that you can actually regain those memory back. But in OEM, memory controller is never a good thing because there is little control of which process will actually get killed. So you want to avoid that much as possible. And there are also some control file relating to how much swap space you can use and things like that. And then there is IO controller. One thing you can notice is that the naming convention between different controllers are more consistent than in V1. So you have both a max, a rate, a step. So those control files are there in many of the V2 control groups. So once you see the name, you have a rough idea of what they are and how you can use them. Even though they are controlling different resources within the system. The final one I want to talk about is SQL namespace. SQL namespace provides mechanism to virtualize what a process can view the SQL hierarchy. So you are in a container. You don't want it to see other SQL tree above its level. So you can use SQL namespace to do that. SQL namespace is also used for the delegation mechanism. So you can delegate the maintenance of that particular namespace to a normal process. Okay, about the support V2 in VEL. We are not going to support SQL V2 in VEL 7, which is now entering maintenance mode. Because the inclusion is important, we need to make some kernel KBI which we don't want to happen. And in VEL 8, some of the V2 control groups are not enabled because they are not much upstream in time for that. So V2 in VEL 8.0 will only provide SQL V2 as a technical preview mode. But then both the CPU set and V3 V2 controllers should be available in 8.1. And we are hoping to, or V3 support it in 8.2 time frame if possible. But it also depends on how the other, whether they are able to support it or not. The kernel perspective is almost done. All the needed controllers are there. But we also need support in the middleware and in the higher level before we can claim official support. So looking forward, most people are still using SQL V1 today. There are some companies are using V2 by Facebook. But then the trend is we are trying to move people away from V1 to V2. And it will take a while, maybe a few years to 10, maybe more. I don't know, depending on how much people are willing to move. So for what I'm thinking is that for a considerable period of time both V1 and V2 will be supported. And until we are sure that most of the users are migrated to V2, we will keep supporting V1. But most of the time it will maintain the mode. So if there are any bugs, we will try to fix it. But we are probably not going to add new feature into SQL V1. Okay. And that's the end of my presentation. Do you have any questions? Yeah. You talked about deep CPU, C-group tree is having a performance impact. It happened in both V1 and V2. Okay. It's the same. I guess I was wondering is that, I mean if you do that, is that just impacting the subtree or is that impacting the entire operating system performance? Well it just, you lose some performance if you have to deep a level in the next thing. It's mostly for process under those SQL tree. So if you have a positive one at a good level, the schedule is just managing like any other and you are okay, let's say 3% of the CPU time, you will get 3%. But then there are some overhead for the scheduling. The schedule itself has overhead. And the more level of the next thing you have in the CPU controller, the more overhead it will consume. So overall speaking, the overall system performance will be less than what you expect. So you're saying you want to wait for people to micro it to V2. Given the fact that V1 is such a train wreck, isn't it just the disaster of waiting and not pushing people? I mean I would argue that it's an absolute catastrophe that Rails 8 doesn't ship with V2 enabled. Well we are trying to push people forward. Like right now for Rails 8, the default is SQL V1. In some future days we will change the default to V2. But you can expressly change the default back to V1 in the user wall. That's our way to move the user forward by changing the default. Yeah, we agree. One of the reasons why we have SQL V2 is because we don't want to break kernel KBI. We don't want to break existing applications using V1. So we can't change it in a way that satisfies our need to provide new features. At the same time, it doesn't break existing applications. And that's why we have to create a separate version for control group. Now we are trying to move people over from V1 to V2. It will take a while, yeah. Time's up. Okay, okay. This gentleman had a question. You mentioned that you had a year and a half discussion to decide between per thread or per process model. Yes. Do you feel personally that they reached the best decision or was the unhappy compromise just to move forward? Yes, kind of. Yeah, some difference in opinion between up-stream developer about how the V2 CPU controllers work and they kind of go into a deadlock situation, so they can't reach a compromise and install the whole process for about one and a half year. Finally, I proposed some changes and finally they reached a compromise on what the current model is. It certainly is a compromise, but at least all people feel they are acceptable and there's a way to move forward. Okay.


Our players to watch had the captain's armband. This is how my lines will set up And they'll be in the general 4-4-2, which is what they like to play Peter Harrison in the gold sack Sergina Frankson who has been steady at the back for them and Rika Gordon the interesting and an expressive white player Ramouria Matt first and Tariq Wilson, Sean Dua a new face. German Nelson is back from suspension as well You need to find himself staying on the park. Devon Brown always good in the midfield Devon Davis A young addition from McGraw high of the insamles or player to watch and of course Jason Wright They're most potent of go scorer's right. Yeah, they're playing a 4-4-4-2 formation But I'm looking to see how Davis transitioned from schoolboy to the Premier League He was really hot in schoolboy football scored one of the goals of the season as well So it's good to see and you know, it's coaching him well because he's the coach of McGraw as well and these youngsters will look to do well and the new additions of Dua and Samwells we look to see how they really bring some quality to this malign steam that really needs to get away from that drop zone Yeah, of course, German Thomas the head coach at McGraw Taking the reins here. So we'll know Dave is very well And he's really desperately trying to find a partner for Jason Wright home the lion This is how they'll shape up. They'll be playing with a 3-5-2 briscoe between the sticks for them Pascoe Chris Christie Malik Robinson Henry Scott Kareem Brian who scored in that one-all fixture last time out did Kareem Brian Andrew Vanzi They have a present captain look out for him on the dead ball as well a fever chambers or player to watch Everless way bit James Thomas and Roshayne sharp was so much quality their number seven. Yeah, and they're playing a 3-5-2 formation not surprising for Vassal rena's team because he likes structure organization He said that's what he worked on coming into this game So at times it will look like five at the back you look to plug those half spaces They haven't conceded in over 200 and odd minutes He looked to continue that but look to Nick one on the counter. That's the all mark of a Vassal Reynolds team Yeah, Vassal Reynolds just managing one Andre Pakistan The one in charge of this fixture the full match highlights home the lion With a header over the top That was a fever chambers and in this moment Sergene Frankson After just eight minutes adding his first of the season a brave head at the near post From an Enrique Gordon delivery and my lines were away. It was a very impressive first half from the German Thomas coached team And they continue to come forward good work nearby Enrique Gordon a strike from Jason Wright Which was wide of the upright and then this delivery towards the back post The heads went up in the strike from Franks and was looking for a second deflected and over the top It was all my lines in the first half Japhon Brian towards the back post came to German Nelson cutting inside Nelson Couldn't get it on the bar. This one was certainly under the bar and inside of the upright What a free kick from Tyreek Wilson his first of the season to go with his two assists, and it was two nil to my lines after just 41 minutes Wilson was impressive a Real man of the match performance from the maligns number 20 And then this good work from Jason Wright. He had all it all to do all on his own Then the help came from Wilson. This was intelligent from the number 20 slipping it inside and then that touch from that touch from Jeremy Nelson and Jason Wright with his fifth of the season first of the afternoon and third from a line three nil And that was in second-minute Stoppage time in the first half they would go into the half with the three goal advantage the captain scoring the third of them then humber lion Coming to life slowly, but surely Roche and sharp out to Karim Brian his third of the season good finish by the humber lion number 27 Squared in this fixture on the fifth of November scored again today On the 28th of January good finish three one at that point That came in the 68th minute Just seven minutes later And humber lion were up to it again look at the work from Roche and sharp who had to assist Roche and sharp up each Of a delivery towards the back post Not the best defending from Erika Gordon And not the best Goalkeeping were from Peter Harrison who did command in six yard area and humber lion made it interesting for the final 20 minutes or so Anderson is first of the season 3-2 at that point But unfortunately for the Lions 3-2 it would remain Four shots on target from my lines from their 11 attempts they started well didn't finish the strongest But got the job done three on target from 6-4 humber lion. It just took too long for that engine to get going in out of first gears 24 falls between the two my lines very guilty very aggressive within the middle of the park And they picked up majority of the yellow cars as well They had more corners to double the amount of humber lion and they enjoyed majority of the possession at 53 percent my lines Leading in all categories and especially the important one three two winners over humber lion this season Excellent work and Dwight Jeremiah is with our man of the match none other than their midfielder Tyreek Wilson Sorry really good performance from you today epitomized by that free kick. How much did you love that goal? Love it a lot one hundred percent man. Something you practice a lot. You're not really practice just have it have it naturally Yeah, and one other thing that stood out to us as well was the intelligence shown in the game That third goal scored by my lines probably would not have been scored had you not made that run to create the overload for Jason All right, is this a sequence of play that you practice over and over on the training ground? Yeah, sure Yeah, so what does this three points mean for you and my lines? It's mean a lot Take time come up on the table to get away from the renovation zone Yeah, good performance from you and as long as you continue to do that my lines will have a chance to do that Continue on that track all the best. Thank you. All right. There you have it