The state of Ohio has been tremendously successful in reducing vaccine hesitancy and part of their state's success I think hinge is on a brilliant plan to create a vaccine lottery So that way anyone above the age of 16 who gets the vaccine is automatically enrolled in a state lottery and they could win $1,000,000 I believe there's five winners And I think that Ohio is the first state to do this many states have since followed suit because the program is Incredibly successful after this rolled out vaccinations jumped by 33% in Ohio and the first winner Who's an Amazon delivery driver says that he was vaccinated specifically because of the lottery? So I think that this is brilliant. I think that every single state should follow suit We've talked about this on the program before but of course Anti-vax pro-pandemic Republicans are now trying to stop their state's successful Vaccine program. They introduced House bill 248, which is a so-called vaccine choice bill and What this would do is ban any requirements in public settings for vaccines and also not even allow The state government to incentivize vaccine programs So it's already a choice But they're trying to pass this bill which assumes that it's not already a choice And they don't even want the government to incentivize getting the vaccine They don't want the government which has a responsibility To make sure that public health is taken care of to incentivize good public health choices So this is what's in the bill House bill 248 Cosponsored by 16 House Republicans would prohibit any of the following institutions from mandating Incentivizing or otherwise requesting their employees customers or students get vaccinated businesses hospitals nursing homes Colleges daycare centers and insurers. Yeah, so they held a hearing on this bill in the Ohio House public health committee And naturally it attracted lots and lots of weirdos and some very strange Assertions and demonstrations were made throughout the course of this hearing and um It's very entertaining take a look and Some of the information that I think had been discussed in your podcast related to EMF frequencies That was a thought and and it was because now because right now we're all kind of Hypothesizing I mean what is it that's actually being transmitted that's causing all of these things Is it a combination of the protein which now we're finding has a metal attached to it? I'm sure you've seen the pictures all over the internet of people who've had these shots And now they're magnetized and put a key on their forehead at sticks They can put spoons and forks all over them and they can stick because now we think that there's a metal piece to that There has been people who've long suspected that there was some sort of an interface They get to be defined an interface between what's being injected in these shots and all of the 5g towers Not proven yet, but we're trying to figure out. What is it that's being transmitted to these unvaccinated people? Yes vaccines do harm people by the way, so I just found out something when I was on lunch And I wanted to show it to you we were talking about Dr. Ten pennies testimony about magnetic vaccine crystals, so this is what I found out so I have a key and a bobby pin here Explain to me why the key sticks to me It sticks to my neck too Yeah, so if somebody can explain this that would be great any questions Well, I for one am thoroughly convinced there's no other explanation She's just magnetic and look as someone who's been fully vaccinated I would kind of view this as having a superpower. I think it'd be awesome to be magnetic So I'm gonna give it a try Because she convinced me so let's see if it works. I have a spoon here And I'm going to try to stick it to my body because I should be magnetic according to her So here we go. It's touching my skin And an account of three. I'm gonna let go one two three Let's try it again Nope, didn't work that time. Okay. Let's try sticking it to my arm It's not working, but There's gotta be an explanation. Why did it work on her, but it's not working on me. It's almost as if there is actually a scientific Reason for that. Well a very polite chemistry teacher chimed in and said hi I a chemistry teacher can explain this it can't be magnetism because the key is brass Which isn't attracted to magnets the answer is likely surface tension and capillary action flat objects stick to damn surfaces Which is why it doesn't work on your neck Mm-hmm. Yeah, this has to be explained to grown adults Now throughout the course of that video, I love the reaction from the lady who was very very confused and Was seemingly horrified as the lady was trying to stick the key on her neck And look as someone who's been at public events with lawmakers Town halls and whatnot who has seen anti-vaxxers do their little like Demonstrations and give their spiel it is that horrifying Although I lost a little bit of respect for that lady who was reacting because she was wearing a shirt That's pro house bill 248. You are very clearly Weirded out by her, but this is the crew who you're running with If you are going to be anti-vaxx then this is your people now So don't act horrified own it. You should be embarrassed like hopefully that Is a wake-up call for her that I don't want to be associated with these kinds of people.   So that's what this is But I mean look, it's dangerous I want the vaccine to come to an end or I want the pandemic to come to an end rather And the vaccine is specifically how we're going to do that. And guess what? It's already working. Look at the numbers. They are dropping rapidly as vaccinations. Take up now vaccines They've slowed a little bit because vaccine hesitancy is an issue in the united states of america Which is sad considering many people around the world Would would kill for these vaccines that are just widely available here in the united states of north america But understand that the vaccines work because covid cases are going down and that's a really good thing Let's keep that up. Let's not stop. Let's not slow the momentum. Let's keep vaccinating everyone. I got the vaccine I'm fine Spoons don't stick to me. Unfortunately because that would be cool. But um, let's stop with the stupidity. Please america


Is a biology degree worth it? That's what we're gonna be talking about today, but before we get into that, make sure to gently tap the like button in order to defeat the evil YouTube algorithm. On this channel, we talk about personal finance, college degrees, careers, and opportunities that are gonna lead you to success. And we also go over how you can avoid some of the common financial traps that so many people fall for. But with that being said, let's jump right into it. We are going to be talking about whether getting a four-year bachelor's in biology, aka a biology major, is going to be worth it. So what exactly is a biology major or a biology degree? Well, a biology degree is gonna examine living organisms and their interaction with the environment.  There's a lot of different career paths so you can go down like biological technician, forensic scientist, can become a microbiologist, you can work in the lab, working on the bench, or you can work for the government. Next, we're gonna be talking about salary or earning potential of a biology degree. So with a biology degree, you would expect to make around $44,000 a year starting out and $80,000 in mid-career pay. Now, there's a bunch of different career paths, of course, that you could go down, but one of them would be a biological technician, and they make around $45,000 a year. Another one you could become is a forensic science technician, and they make around $59,000. And of course, you could become a microbiologist, and they make around $75,000 a year. Now, the great thing about all those careers that I just mentioned is they don't require you to get a graduate level degree, like a master's or a doctorate. You can get into them with just a bachelor's. And that can be a bit of an issue with some of the science-related degrees. You might have trouble finding a job with just a bachelor's, and so it's good to know that there are some careers out there that you can get with just a bachelor's in biology. Now, when you look at the biological sciences, which is what biology falls under, over a lifetime, they earn a little bit less than the average college degree. So the average college degree is gonna earn around $2.4 million over a lifetime, at least they did in the last census, and a biological science degree will earn around $2.3 million. So it's a little bit below average when it comes to your earnings. On top of that, a lot of the people who graduate with a degree in science will likely go on to get their master's or their doctorate, and so it would make more sense that they would earn more. However, in this video, we're mostly just comparing bachelor's to bachelor's. We're gonna keep this as an apples-to-apples comparison. And the truth is, this one isn't horrible, but at the same time, it's also not super impressive. So I'm gonna give it a 6.5 out of 10 when it comes to salary or earnings potential.  So when it comes to meaning, which is how much you think your job positively impacts the world, you see that biology has a score of around 65%. Compare this to a really high one, which is a medical degree, like radiation therapy at 91%, and a really low one, like plastics engineering technology at 31. And you can see that it's above average, and a lot of science degrees are above average when it comes to job satisfaction and meaning. When you look at job satisfaction on the same website, pay scale, you'll see that a career-like biological technician, for instance, has a job satisfaction rating of around 53%. Compare this to clergy, which has one of the highest at 90%, and parking lot attendance, which is 41%, one of the lowest. Now, when it comes to majors that people regret getting, a lot of people do end up regretting getting science degrees. It's actually the second most regretted major out there, and the main reason that 35% of people regret it is that you really can't get a job a lot of the time without getting an advanced degree, like a master's, a doctorate, or a professional degree. Now, keep in mind here that when it comes to job satisfaction and meaning, a lot of the time it's gonna have more to do with the company that you work for, or the industry that you work in, or sometimes even the role that you're in. For instance, if you're somebody who likes leadership and being a manager, if you have a manager position, you're probably gonna be more satisfied with it. But with that being said, usually when you see these science degrees, the satisfaction overall is pretty good, so I'm gonna give this one a 7.5 out of 10. Next, we're gonna be talking about demand, and that's basically just how much your degree is gonna be looked at by business owners and hiring managers who are potentially looking to hire people. Now, when it comes to demand, we're gonna be going over the careers that we talked about before, so biological technician, for instance, is growing at around 5%, which is slightly faster than average over the next 10 years. Forensic science technician is growing at 14%, which is much faster than average, and microbiologist is growing at 3%, which is around average. Now, when it comes to science-related degrees in general, they're not really all that well known for having a lot of demand, especially at the bachelor's level. A lot of the time, the skills that you learn are a little bit too narrow, and they're valuable, don't get me wrong, they're extremely valuable. The problem with them is a lot of the time, the skills that you learn with a science degree, especially at the bachelor's level, are just a little bit too narrow. So they're really valuable skills, don't get me wrong, doing things in a lab, for instance, is extremely valuable, but if you don't end up getting a job that's in a lab, you kind of just spent a bunch of time learning skills that you're not really gonna be able to learn or use anywhere else. However, a biology degree is gonna be more flexible than a lot of the other science degrees, and so one test that I always like to do is to look up the degree on monster.com or indeed.com. So for instance, when you type in biology degree as a keyword on monster.com, around 19,200 jobs pop up. Compare this to one where there's a lot of job postings like computer science with over 140,000, and then one where there's not much demand like anthropology with less than 1,000. Now when I was doing research on this one, reading a bunch of different forums and different places where people who actually have biology degrees kind of give their experience, I found that a lot of people were pretty disappointed. And I think the reason for that is because people think that all STEM degrees are gonna be fantastic, and biology is a science degree, right? But the truth is compared to the other STEM degrees, science is not nearly as good as technology, engineering, or mathematics when it comes to the numbers. So I'm gonna go ahead and give this one a 6.5 out of 10 when it comes to demand. Now when it comes to X factors, you can see that the US Census Bureau shows that all college degrees in all different professions makes around $2.4 million throughout an entire lifetime. If you get a biological science degree, which is what biology falls under, you're gonna make around 2.3 million, so that's probably a little bit below average. Zip Recruiter has a skills index list where they basically rank different skills and how valuable they are on the open market. So how much are companies willing to pay people that have specific skills? This isn't necessarily how valuable the skill itself is. For instance, I think art is extremely valuable, but a lot of companies are not gonna be willing to pay people for their art. And so you're gonna have to figure out how to make money with it in a different way. So you maybe start a business, something along those lines. But with that being said, biology did come in scoring around 60 out of 100, which is pretty good. Software engineering came in as the highest score at 88 out of 100 and an example of a really low one would be industrial sewing at eight. When it comes to your chances of this being either outsourced or automated, it's somewhere in the middle. It's not really bad, but it's also not that great. So for example, if you wanted to become a biological technician, there's around a 30% chance that it might be automated, you might be replaced by robots. And that was from a study of course, but a human poll of people who are actually in these types of careers and what people's opinions are on it showed about a 57% chance. So there's a lot of people who think this one might be automated. And one issue with science related degrees is like I mentioned before, a lot of them you're gonna have to go to school in order to get a job for. It can be very difficult to get a job with just a bachelor's level degree. And a lot of the specific skills that you learn are valuable. Don't get me wrong, but the problem is, is they're very narrow. So you know, you're learning stuff that you're gonna be doing in a lab for instance. If for whatever reason your plans change and you don't end up going down the science pathway, a lot of those skills that you're gonna learn are just too narrow for you to be able to use in other areas of your life. Now don't get me wrong, indirectly, that experience and those skills might help you out, but when someone sees that you have a science degree on your resume, it's probably not gonna be as impressive as something like an engineering degree, and it's not gonna be as flexible as something like a business degree. Science related degrees are going to be above average when it comes to difficulty as well. They're probably not as hard as something like engineering, but they're also not gonna be as easy as something like a business degree or a communications degree. But at the end of the day, a lot of these degrees kind of are what you make of them. So if you want them to be really difficult, if you wanna learn extra stuff, you can definitely do that. And if you wanna coast by and just study at the last moment, like most people do, you can do that as well. So some of the pros here are that it's pretty flexible for a science degree. Science degrees in general aren't all that flexible, but it is one of the more decent ones. You do have above average meaning and satisfaction scores. And once you get past maybe the first 10 years or so, the mid-career pay can be pretty good. The cons though are that the early career pay probably isn't gonna be all that good. Some of the higher paying jobs are gonna require additional studying.  And it can be very difficult for you to get your first job and get that initial experience. It's kind of the whole catch-22 situation where they want somebody who has two years of experience, but you have to get a job before you can get two years of experience. So overall, I'm gonna give this one a 6.75 out of 10. This can definitely work out for you if you know what you're getting yourself into and you have a good plan. However, I had a really close friend who was planning on going to medical school. She got her biology degree because she thought that that would be really good pre-med. She ended up not going to medical school and so she was sort of stuck with a biology bachelor's. She tried to find a good job, she wasn't able to find one and so she went back to school and she ended up getting her doctorate. Getting a doctorate can be extremely expensive and it's also a super long process. So you have to be really careful when you're thinking about going down that route. The big thing here is focusing on internships, work experience and learning skills, of course, and then also networking. It also might be a good idea to move somewhere that has a lot more opportunities for people with a biology major. You just wanna figure out what you're gonna be doing. So do you wanna be on the bench? Do you wanna be doing lab work? Maybe you wanna work for a pharmaceutical company. The earlier you figure out what you wanna do and then make a goal and then set a plan in order to reach that goal, but better. It might be a good idea considering double majoring or minoring in something else that might look a little bit better for a potential employer. It's also never a bad idea to learn programming skills or extra math or statistics skills as well. The big thing here is just making sure you talk to people, ask people what careers are out there. Talk to your university professors. Go to your university's career center. If you have a really good plan, this one can definitely work for you, but I do have to warn you that it is one of those degrees where a lot of people end up in a bad situation just because of the fact that they have trouble finding a job with just a bachelor's. And a lot of the jobs that are out there with just a bachelor's don't pay very well. They might pay like $14, $12 an hour, something along those lines. But overall, check out my college degree ranker in the description down below. It'll make your whole process of figuring out what you wanna do extremely easy. If you haven't done it already, go ahead and gently tap the like button. Hit the subscribe button, ring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, criticisms, et cetera, especially if you're someone who graduated with a biology major. Share the video with all your friends as well and whatever you do, don't leave. Check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you.


with studios and in just a little over two days or a little under two days Galaxy Edge is going to open here. It is going to be absolutely busy and I probably will not be here for opening a Galaxy Edge. So I wanted to take in Hollywood Studios before the Galaxy Edge Madness happens. So let's go do this. I already attended the Galaxy Edge annual pass holder preview and like I said I'm probably not going to go to the grand opening only because I have seen it and I do like it a lot but I feel like I'm doing my part to help the crowd control. I've already seen it and maybe just one less person in there will help thousands of other people enjoy the land. So Galaxy Edge is set to open at 6 a.m. on Thursday morning but there's a hundred percent chance that it's going to open sooner than that and maybe even a soft opening the day before. And if you plan on coming for opening day and you think 5 a.m. is early enough you might want to double check that because there are going to be people waiting at midnight I guarantee it. We walk in and we immediately get to see a little custodial art. Pretty fancy. Look at that. It is talented. Fast passes are super hard to get. All they have is boys a little more married star tours and for the first time ever. For the first time in forever. So I'm not sure I guess we'll take star tours for 7.15. Yeah let's do that for now. A tower of terror of fast passes coming almost as elusive as flight of passage and slinky dog. I don't get it. Like you can never find one anymore. Before we get to our star tours fast pass just look at the entrance for Galaxy Edge. Right now they are doing the media previews and I think the grand opening ceremony is going to be tomorrow for the media which I mean it's not the grand opening because it doesn't officially open until Thursday but that's when they're going to have like the celebrities and the shows and such which would be very entertaining to see but I am not media. So we're going to stick to star tours. 20 minute wait but I got a fast pass. I also prefer the smell of an old attraction than the smell of a new attraction. You don't see carpets in new attractions anymore these days. Look at everyone all seated away now it's my turn. Party of one. Row three for party of one. That's me. Isn't on board yet? There is no proof of this but we deactivated the camera. All that right there captain. I'm not actually the captain. We're looking for this rebel spy. I can see that. This is not the spy. Tours is such a classic ride. I do love it a lot but it's kind of ironic and funny how two Star Wars rides will be open in just two days. One of them probably being the longest wait and the other one sadly probably the lowest wait or maybe all the buzz from Galaxy Edge will actually make more people want to ride Star Tours. The red carpet dreams is one of my favorite character meeting great to see Mickey and Minnie and they always have a posted long wait time but I want to see if it's actually 50 minutes or a little less and yep that's about 50 minutes so we are going to move along because 50 minutes is kind of a long time and the parts only open for another hour and a half and I believe last time I was at Hollywood Studios actually the last time I was at Hollywood Studios at night I had to choose between Phantasmic and Star Wars Galactic Spectacular and I ended up doing Phantasmic so we're going to make sure we check out Star Wars Galactic Spectacular tonight. What do you think they're going to do with this sign here? Like because you have all the things pointing to the different areas but there's no Galaxy Edge there do you think they're just going to add one more in the bottom row there saying Galaxy Edge this way? Interesting. Look at that sky above the Tower of Terror seriously moments like this where you just sit on Sunset Boulevard have a Bud Light and just stare up at the sky and watch the people it's unbelievable and it's worth everything. The only thing that could make this better for me tonight is if I did get a Fastpass for the Tower of Terror but I don't see that happening so we'll check the wait times out and maybe do rock and roller coaster single rider it's very tough very tough it's a hard not life at Hollywood Studios. Just look at that big beautiful tower right now is a good time to try to ride this it says it's only a 35 minute wait and it looks like Phantasmic is loading up so fingers crossed people fingers crossed and we're in awesome and we got a Fastpass actually Lindsay who out front was just nice enough to let me ride Fastpass thank you Lindsay but look at this favorite queue right here so cool and this reminds me of the tile work in the Morocco Pavilion at Epcot and another cool thing about the queue here about five years ago Veronica and me actually were allowed to come up here and take photos overlooking the balcony they let us climb up the steps because there's two sets of steps on each side that's roped off at the exit and we actually got to go in there and it was really cool another cool thing to point out as you see those hand prints sliding down the glass that is awesome if they ever have a tip top club at the top of the tower I would be there in a heartbeat no matter what the cost was I also sat in that chair once and hello gorgeous last person in the room well that's why there's a long wait they only have one side of the tower of terror operating huh makes sense like I said they normally would have one loading here one loading here and one loading over there but that's the only one that's loading crazy huh it's been literally a couple months I'm so excited well that was fantastic and now we're in the gift shop and there is like nobody in this gift shop just for now until the actual elevator empty so let's look at some of the cool stuff lots of spooky Halloween stuff nightmare before Christmas Jack and Sally and of course Tower of Terror stuff oh but look at these ears over here that is pretty awesome I like these ears I really like this Hollywood Tower hotel like shirt with the hood 44.99 though whoo one of these days outlet shopping and you can get yourself a little Hollywood Tower of Terror bathrobe look at that even wear that around universal so I wasn't aware of this but the park actually closed at 830 the park closed at 830 the fireworks are at 9 but all the concession stands the tower of terror all the rides are down already oh no the wonderful world of animation starting and I wanted to watch that oh I'm gonna have to hurry up to get over there but look at the lights I like the lights in the trees oh I was really really impressed with that new show that they actually have I really loved it they had for key up there already and then the timatoa part fantastic so actually Star Wars galaxy spectacular is gonna start in like two minutes so we're gonna get a nice little viewing spot for that to tie a bandit chip there so whenever I watch fireworks at Hollywood studios I always like to stand at a side because they usually shoot off the fireworks coming from here up there and then right here but I can't get a full frame picture so if I'm pointing straight at the cast I only get this shot but if I do here and here aha that's the one mob spectacular basically every viewing area possible I actually wanted to see which viewing area was best in middle if you sit right in front of the Chinese theater it's kind of really up close if you go too far back on the street you can't see anything and if you're on the left to the right you get a better view I feel like so I hope you guys enjoyed that and love the life you live we'll see you next time bye


Hey everybody, this is Brett with Summit Auto, and today I'm excited to show you our very first 2022 Ram 1500 Limited Red Edition. I'm going to get into exactly what that red edition entails and what it's all about in just a second, but just to get some of the housekeeping out of the way. This one comes with the 3.0-liter V6 EcoDiesel engine, the Gen 3, 260 horsepower, 480-foot pounds of torque. I'm going to get you 29 miles per gallon on the highway, 21 city and an average of 24 miles per gallon.  We're going to go all the way around on this truck inside, I'll show you under the hood, show you all the options on the interior, and we'll also check out all the red edition stuff that's going on with this truck. So as you can see, you get the red Ram logo on the front, which looks really good. You also have the sport hood, the blacked out headlight bezels, that's all part of the Ram red package, as well as the 22-inch black painted rims, and the Pirelli 285-45R 22 tires. You also get the Ram red badge on the side, and what Ram red means is Ram is pledging a minimum of $4 million to help the red.org global relief fund for COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics. So they're pledging a minimum of $4 million, and that's what the red package is all about to bring awareness to that fund. 2022 Ram 1500 Limited Crew, I'll show you the window sticker here, I'm not going to go through everything, but most of it. Every white tricote pearl coat is the color. You get the 3-liter V6 eco diesel, 8-speed automatic transmission, everything on your left is your standard equipment, including that blind spot and cross-path detection, the receiver hitch, forward collision warning plus, remote start, four-corner air suspension, power tailgate release, dampened tailgate, all that good stuff there. Interior features, that's all standard, including the 12-inch Uconnect 5 radio, which we'll check out in a little bit. And all that is standard equipment. The ivory white tricote pearl is $500, option the Ram Red Edition, which is $28M, this $4,290, red Ram grill badge, the red door badges, accent color premium power mirrors, the 285 45R 22, black sidewall all season tires, Ram Red Council badge, black headlight bezels, 22-inch buttons, 19 speaker Harman Kardon premium sound, trifold tonneau cover, and sport performance hood and tow hooks are all part of that Ram Red Edition. Anti-spin rear differential is $495, 3-liter V6 turbo is $3200, and then the 33-gallon fuel tank is $445. Total MSRP is $739.35, and your warranty coverage is $336 bumper-to-bumper and a five-year 100,000 powertrain, because you have that eco-diesel engine in here. If you want to get your summit price, and the upper right-hand part of the screen is a link to our website with all the rebates and incentives, we're actually starting to get quite a few new vehicles in, so go check out our entire inventory there as well. 29 miles per gallon on the highway, 21 city and 24 average, five and four-star crash test rating up and down the board, you would definitely feel very safe carrying your family in this truck. There's the Ram Red badge on the center console as well. We'll finish our walk around on the outside. Now, if you wanted to learn more about Red, you can go to a link in the upper right-hand part of the screen, red.org, and that'll tell you everything that you need to know about that organization and that fund, and just some of the stuff that they do to help the global pandemic, places that have been hit hard, and what they're all about, so click that and check them out there. Towing package, receiver hitch, four pin, seven pin wiring, you get the kind of black chrome exhaust tips, the blacked out Ram logo, limited logo, and four by four logo, the LED tail lamps, you get that tri-fold soft tonneau cover. Has a shock-down assist, spray-in bed liner, LED bed lighting, I like that they have the buttons back here now that you can turn the lights on, you can see a little bit better, especially with that tonneau cover, it makes it pretty convenient. This tailgate is dampened, so it's super light, can kind of throw it up. And you also get the painted bumpers and everything on this package. Great ivory tri-coat, it's got a little bit of metal flake to it, I can show you better. My other lights aren't shining on it, but you can see it's got definitely some metal flake on it when you get bright lights on it. Really good looking color, you get the fender flares as well, this one has the capitalist fuel fill, and we'll get a really close up in on this Ram red badge. Once again there's a link to check red.org out in the upper right hand part of the screen. Heated power mirrors, blind spot monitoring, blind spot mirrors, directional signals, you get the enter and go system. Inside the limited package gives you the black leather seats, you get the gray piping on there, you get the intricate stitching on there as well.  We'll hop inside, turn the ignition on, radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. You can see this one has digital speedometer, compass, temp, mileage to empty, you can change all those corners to read whatever you want. That instrument cluster is special to the limited package. You get the heated wood grain trimmed and leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls and gear selector on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, and once again notice kind of that black chrome finish to the steering wheel there. This is the UConnect 5C 12 inch radio, so you get AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. These radios are supposed to be five times faster than the old radios, the 4C, and you have your radios there, AM, FM, you have all your different media that you can do, Sirius XM radios, you can choose your sources up there, you can do your audio settings here, so it's pretty cool system. Of course you have the navigation system with the big screen, the climate controls, you can either do them on here, you can do them on the sides of the radio as well, if you go to vehicle, you can change all your settings in there, you can connect your Bluetooth cell phone, and then you can do Android Auto and Apple CarPlay wirelessly now, which you used to have to plug it in, now you can do that just by wirelessly and that's pretty cool system as well. Then you have all your different apps on here, Android Auto, Apple CarPlay, all that good stuff, okay if you want to check out your backup camera you can do that right here, and you can see just how crystal clear that backup camera is, that is HD, and then you can zoom in right over the receiver hitch to see, so you can get hooked up to your boat camper or trailer the first time every time, and then you have all your different apps on here as well, and you can kind of jump to different spots on the radio from here as well, once again you can do your vehicle, you can put your auto dimmy mirror on and off, put the power side steps so that they're off as well, a lot of stuff you can do with this radio. Down here you can do your four corner air suspension, stability control, tow haul, front to rear parking sensors, two USBs, two USB C's, has the wireless RAM charger, you kind of change the look and design of that for 2022, has a 115 volt 400 watt plug-in, you get your keyless entry here with the remote start, power drop down tailgate, and you get the sliding tray right here, you have coin holders in there, cup holders as well, do like the trim on the passenger side, glove box and door looks really good, that's really what RAM has been known for lately is their interiors, you have the speakers and the ceiling, everything's really nice, soft touch leather, really comfortable, really good looking, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, assistant SOS buttons and the auto dimmy mirror. 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Hello everyone, welcome to another video. Now, this is another response video. I'm gonna do a few of these response videos I quite enjoy them. If you want me to respond to a certain video, please send it to my email address It's down in the description box below uncle joseki at gmail.com now this video here was sent by a viewer and They were particularly disturbed by Butchering a year's worth of chickens in one morning This guy Justin Rhodes look I haven't watched this video yet. I thought I would just respond to it You know organically give you my reaction as it happens Justin Rhodes, he looks like he's just a backyard farmer one of them happy homegrown happy farmers who butcher their own animals Let's just watch through we'll comment as we go and we'll see what sort of message he's sending out there for everyone This is a warning. Let this be the warning to you. We're not home back.  This is a chicken slaughter. I'm just warning you now This may not be the video for you if that kind of stuff bothers you Well, thanks for the warning mate.  I'm horrific. Absolutely horrific Yeah, it looks like they're Defeathering look at this. Oh Pulling the the animals insides out It's so hard to believe that just after 51 days We're gonna have all this chicken meat What's hard to believe that you are so desensitized to that that it doesn't even make you cringe at all We got some folks working for food. We got some folks on a workshop. Oh my god.  What's your favorite job pulling the guts? All right? Well, let's get you on the good duty You don't like that one which job do you like? Okay, look at her face. You've taught a five-year-old boy that pulling the guts out of an animal is his favorite part of the job I am Disturbed nearly as disturbed as that little girl's face.  They're indoctrinating them They're conditioning their children to be comfortable with the violence towards animals only select animals though only chickens Only peaks not dogs though. I bet you if they hit the family dog that'd be in a lot of trouble His demeanor his attitude is just so positive and uplifting. He seems like a really positive uplifting guy And he's just like, you know, we're just plucking the feathers off of these you know innocent victims here that you know We looked after them and then we slashed their throats open Rookie butcher right here. Does that look like food to you guys? I don't know like been vegan for a while now But now that I've woken up it just doesn't look like food to me It just looks like the body of someone, you know, and those bodies would still be warm And the happy music listen to the happy music Like you can imagine like the equivalent of someone like butchering a human body Listening to like opera music in their basement or something like that I'll do you're like a man's man I'm so happy to hear that you were coming because you just do it man You just grab it and growl if these chickens had horns you would grab them Okay, look he's got his car hearts on loaded with tools disturbing the tools that he's got Are knives in any other context other than you know backyard chicken slaughter This would be looked at as very sadistic. We're going to chicken butchering. You got to bring your knives, right author See you guys Take we got enough nice look Three knives. How many knives do we need? We're gonna need you guys to help bring chickens over Can that be y'all's duty when they put the last two in the cones? We need you guys to go get more, okay? Thanks those children Should not be learning how to murder animals. I Not a parent myself. You're teaching children that animals are here for us to use And to slaughter whenever we see fit you're teaching children that animals are not sentient beings They're just products when they reach goal weight to stab a knife through their throat pluck the feathers of them Gut them eat their body parts like these children here. They are so connected to the slaughter process It's going to be a very hard job to get them to connect with animals in a compassionate way You even brought a sharpener Amy. Thank you very much I'll tell you a story about some of the people that I've spoken to one my mom especially a few other They're adults now But when they were children they their parents made them witness backyard slaughter and they're still disturbed right now from it Like they're still not right from it My mom had a pet duck that her father killed and she's never eaten duck since She's a vegan now even as a non-vegan. She wouldn't eat duck. She was so disturbed by it So I think this little girl here, you know, the little boy might suppress these feelings But I think the little girl it's going to come out later on in life She's going to remember these chickens, you know being butchered. They were probably her friends Uh, she probably helped look after the chickens feed the chickens now She's watching the chickens be chopped up into pieces I just think it's a very disturbing thing to witness for a small child Okay, kiddos. This is a perfect job for you guys. Come on. There you go girl. Good job, bro All right, two hands, hand it to Jonah. Perfect Sweet, good job Come on kids go and catch your prisoners so we can put them Into the cone of death and slash our throat open butcher them up. Look at them. Look at all these kids Collecting baby animals to be slaughtered teaching them that this is fine. It's all fine You know, it's all fine. None of these kids are following their natural instinct They're all acting against their natural instinct because their parents are pushing them into this We're killing chickens, Boston Please do not shoot it. I think the good thing guys is always sad But then you can also be really thankful because of this kiddo What did she just say? Look how terrified those kids are The good thing guys can also be really thankful because of this kiddo It's really sad, but you can also be really thankful because you get to eat them I think she said something like that. Look here.  Look, we're going to take all the feathers off the chicken. Ready?  All right, we're going to be bagging chickens Body bagging chickens putting them in a body bag ready for the morgue. Maybe this is the drama. That's gonna be where the drama is today You got this Sweet good job. Good job first try Great job. I guess they're sealing the bags hygienically chicken is just a bacterial humping ground for Salmonella, so they want to be very careful with that dead body. How does it make you feel?   How does it make you feel picking these grapes?   It's going to make the children feel a little Disturbed is this what the meat looks like we buy next door? Yes. Yes, and now we all know where it comes from I mean you just grown up with it. So you know now we all know where it comes from Does that morally justify the act of killing animals just because now you know where it comes from if it really were innate in human beings to want to kill it wouldn't make children feel disturbed, would it? I'm sure this guy here thinks he's doing the loving father Duty showing their children where their food comes from They're really teaching the children something really dangerous that it's okay to Use and exploit certain species of animal He's teaching the children speciesism where certain animals can be used exploited treated like products killed dismembered and you know used for their their own purpose their own self-serving purpose and other animals should be cared for It's basically you're instilling the concept of discrimination into these children at a young age You know you got blood all over your shirt And I think I heard you gotta go to the bank after this. This is great This is great to take some errands after a chicken slaughter. Just don't get pulled over by the police You know sees blood on your face. Well, yeah, because he's literally been involved in the murder human beings They don't think that animals are worthy of the word murder. I do and Yeah, if he got pulled over by the police They'd wonder why he's got blood all over him if he'd been picking Apples and he had a bucket full of apples in the back. No one would blink an eye. It's fine It's fine, but when you got blood all over your body Imagine if the police officer pulled him over he had blood all over him and he said I've just been killing dogs There's a few dogs stray dogs I've been shooting them in the head and blood's been spraying up on me and you know, I've got some in the back I'm going to take him home and eat. He would be arrested. He would be arrested because it's chickens Totally fine. Look a little suspicious there, buddy. You love this part. This is what you said your favorite part was, right? What's it like? What's it like in there? Tell me. It's more of an address. Yeah He's got his hand in the carcass of a freshly murdered chicken. His father's asking him what it's like Of course, he doesn't want to He doesn't want to stick his hands in the body of a Stabbed bird. He probably likes birds. He probably like those chickens And now you're forcing them. Well, he's not really forcing them But now you're encouraging them coaxing them to stick their hands inside the backside of a corpse Of they're probably their friends that they helped feed and raise. Look at his face. I don't know Some people say don't let the chiddler see that they're too young.  It's part of life.  You could take any immoral act that is a part of life You know rape and murder and animal cruelty and you could just say it's a part of life Let's show our children. So basically what's happening here is if it were up to the kids They probably wouldn't want to kill the chickens if that you said, hey, you know, it's up to you guys What do you want to do?  It's a harvest day. You are literally excited telling people It's bittersweet. I didn't see an ounce of remorse in his face. They use euphemisms like harvest Harvesting animals come on. You're literally slashing their throats open. You're not harvesting them.  Well, what's with the happy fun music, dude? What is with the happy fun music and the smiling and the laughing and the giggling? This lesson I ever learned on this was really early on when I was having a mentor He told everybody he said every day something must die so that you can live Yeah, things can die so you can live maybe plants can die so you can live not beings You know, we have alternatives. No one has to die for me to live Hey, we can eat carrots and broccoli and grains and bread and burgers made out of plant foods We have millions now millions of different combinations of plant foods to consume that don't involve Slashing chickens across the throat. And if you think about that, it's true Whether it be an animal or a plant something makes a sacrifice so you can live It's part of the circle. It's part of the circle of life circle of life an animal and a plant are two very different organisms A tomato does not have a brain a functioning nervous system pain receptors. They are not sentient. They don't have a subjective experience A dog or a lamb or a chicken do they avoid pain and suffering They want to live and they had their own subjective experience when you Stick a knife into their neck. They try to avoid it a tomato doesn't we've been so removed That's harder for us to accept. I imagine then it used to be let's come in that beauty I still don't want to accept it. We are removed from the process. Uh, this guy here's kind of doing a lot of odd job for us He's showing chickens get slashed across the throat You know, a lot of people just become conditioned to the violence and they accept it You don't have to accept it.  He doesn't have to kill chickens to survive He could grow potatoes He could go to the store and buy a plethora of different plant foods There's no morally justifiable reason to stab animals. I just waited another one that was a little under four So we're doing good. This is amazing. I know we're gonna be happier about this You couldn't be happier about this, but before you're saying it's a bit of sweet and you know, you're a bit sad I'm just so happy about this. Look at these guys the last day. They're just so vibrant They've been hard to catch in there. They seem they seem happy. They seem healthy. Their eyes are bright They're moving around. Wow. I'm so happy. They've been hard to catch. They're trying to escape, dude They're trying to escape. They're not happy about seeing the blood on the floor next to the, you know, slaughtering cone It's just absolutely amazing. I'm so happy with this totally gonna do it again. This was a total experiment for me I didn't know how would go people scare me, you know, you know, all they're gonna have a heart attack or whatever But I think we've played the trick, you know, I think, you know, just giving them 12 hours of feed after five days Keeping them in that uh, moving that pasture poultry pen twice a day letting them free range in the evening Affirmative feed early on the magic water early on I think it all helped make this a success and make these birds feel like they're chickens Look at his face God, dude It was all like success. I mean this whole process everything he's doing is just completely unnecessary Completely unnecessary.  They're gonna they're gonna what they're gonna taste like a chicken, too Okay, we just got a few left what six left We're not doing bad. It's 11 30. We're gonna get done by lunch unless we've got a huge problem with our plucker What's going on with our plucker here?  Does that look like food to you?  Look how clean that is. So after they're done plucked put some through the window here Into our shack to where we rent them off a little bit and again the evisceration be careful of the salmonella Can you see this process? Is it bothering you? Are you cool with it? Are you ready to see this process? Does it bother you or are you cool with it? Doesn't look like she's got much of a choice. Hey, but if you gave her a choice like a knife in her hand and said Hey, go stab one of those chickens the cute one over there. I'm sure she'll choose. No You're forcing these children to witness this.  They'd rather eat fruit How does it make you feel man? Look at that. It's perfect. You were prepared to stay awhile. I can tell. Yeah, we're gonna feed you a knife I'm hungry.  Yeah, I'm hungry. Delicious That's okay. We're gonna have chicken for lunch Nobody wants chicken. Nobody wants chicken for lunch. Do you?  It'd be weird Like I think he was joking then when he said we're having chicken for lunch because smelling the feces of a bird Struggling for the last breath as they're bleeding out their throat would not really make you Have an appetite for those birds. You'd have to disconnect yourself for a few more days before you could consume the corpse. I think Anything but chicken. Yeah, that's that's the point. You really plan on something for lunch. That's not chicken So we've got grilled cheese and tomato soup coming. Uh, so plan something for lunch.  They eat it. They don't care. They don't care. You do care You're not a carnivore. You're forcing your children to be carnivores and they're not Hey, I've got a chapter on how to murder Here you go. And I'm just promoting the slaughter of animals here. I've even got an e-book how to stab animals to death It's really bittersweet though. Listen to the happy music about 15 minutes exactly how to do it step by step It's a video like what kind of world do we live in where you like you can have a step by step e-book on how to Butcher animals and it's also frowned upon to be cruel to animals But it's okay to promote the butchering of animals We live in a very back-to-front world and you wonder why children grow up to be confused Don't hurt the doggie Stab the fish in the throat. Leave the kitty alone. Be nice to the kitty Stab the chicken in the throat. Make sure you're not cruel to those animals on the farm Treat them with higher welfare put them in a gas chamber and stab them in the throat People are just completely confused Celebrating with a nice lunch Not chicken, tomato soup and grilled cheese. High five Amy. Good job. High five Brianna High five. Thank you for catching the chicken. You got something to say? I wonder if those kids would have wanted to eat the chicken after they watched them be butchered I guarantee you not so they had something else other than chicken like isn't that just so obvious kids watching animals Be stabbed to death all day would not want to follow up by eating their bodies And then finish with the happy music Okay, so obviously a good father there in many ways, but you know I just can't agree with this video at all and what he's teaching the children in this video You know and this guy was probably taught it himself But he's raising these children to be very confused about the ethics of how we treat animals A lot of these people just have the idea that if you have your own backyard Farm where the animals are treated, you know with the highest welfare It makes it morally justified to slash their throat open Because you offer them a better life than a factory farm would afford them and it doesn't justify anything It it just literally is no consolation to taking the life of an animal and to indoctrinate your children like this to condition them to such You know brutal violence. I think that's an injustice in itself vulnerable innocent birds innocent children Slaughtering birds in front of innocent children is just a recipe for confusing children as they grow up Yeah, I do think that they will be disturbed after that. I'm a little bit disturbed after watching that I mean I can only think of how terrified those animals were and with all the happy music and you know people just think Oh, wow happy family. Yeah, that's cool. They're completely disconnected in many ways from the animals I mean no one actually thought. Oh, wow. Did the animals are trying to escape?  No one no one actually even mentioned that just them smiling laughing gutting animals What do you guys think in the comment section? Do you think this happy humane slaughter is good? Do you think it's a good thing to promote? I personally think that it's absolutely horrific and you know, we shouldn't be teaching our children this We should let our children decide for themselves show them a slaughterhouse Show them, you know, a strawberry field, which one's more appetizing to them. They didn't want to eat the chickens afterwards It's just plain to see for me. It's really plain to see if you've got a video you want me to respond to Send it via email and I'll see you all in the next video. Thanks for watching peace


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Hello, everyone. It's the active inference textbook group. Welcome to everyone who's joining. It is cohort twos meeting one on September 2nd 2022 so Welcome everybody Just to mention gather features and then let's just have a few minutes to say hello if you would like On the bottom bar is where you can mute yourself or turn off your video. So that's helpful for people On the bottom bar. Also, there's a smiley face where you can see a raised hand and the hand raise which you can also reach with just hitting six is How you have to lower it manually, but that's how we'll know that people want to speak which is like super helpful And movings with the arrow keys, but everyone's figured out if they're here The main asynchronous tool is gonna be the coda, but first before we go through the coda Let's just take a few minutes and anybody who wants to Can just say hello if they want? I? Want to ask nail to make a few steps from the entrance to make it open Okay You know, yeah. Oh, thank you. All right. Nice Does anyone want to just say anything anyone returning from? the previous cohort who would just want to say anything or Anything else before we launch into more of like the overview of the coda Someone can just speak up there and interest their head Ali and then anyone else Hi, I'm Ali. I'm an independent researcher from Iran This is the second time. I'm joining the textbook or the previous cohort was fascinating my opinion and I hope to meet a lot more people on this cohort as well and Looking forward to another fascinating Journey together. Thanks. Thank you Ali. Anyone else can raise their hand or give any thought I'm also joining from the first cohort and I will be Sometimes when Daniel's not route But it's nice to meet all of you guys and I'm excited to get deeper into the machine All right. Awesome. Ragnar and then anyone else who wants to raise their hand Everyone that's my first cohort, but really excited to be joining I'm currently like a data scientist at the At Cubio it's a startup in San Francisco Building like a digital twint of the human body But I always been very fascinated by the active in by active influence also read the new book But excited to be joining the court and meeting other people who are passionate about a topic awesome Yvonne and then anyone else who wants to raise their hands. Yeah, hello, my name is Yvonne. I'm based in Yervan and in active in Institute Directly another Education program and here I'm in a student role Well, this is the second cohort and there's some people who are Also Rather rejoining this first part of the book or and or in cohort two or in cohort one part two and The meetings are following. So if you want to stick around or if you're in both, that's totally cool I think we're we're obviously just Learning by doing with even the structuring so hopefully people can start to think about active inference and how it applies to our processes and Interate and improve even within cohorts within these next several months together so Anyone can also write questions in the chat, which is the second Set a button next to the people All right, the first part of this onboarding is going to be in In the Main single source of truth, which is posted in the nearby chat So this is the document to bookmark and use and contribute to as well as any other ways that you want to be contributing Like in the Institute or just in your own work. It's all good. However, you're being engaged and this is like our shared information environment Everyone should have edit access but this is fine time to check We're gonna go through some of the pages and how they've been used in the previous cohort. It's also extremely Rerangeable so we we want to and people can make copies of things and we'll go through some features and so on and Just talk about how we'll use these different pages and everything and if anybody like from the previous cohort or Who has a question about something you can just raise your hand or use the chat and like There's It's just good to clarify things as we go. So the first page the top page here is an overview of this textbook group and You can right-click and download the textbook PDF itself. It's an open source textbook It's the March 2022 active inference textbook With par Pazulo and first in some people probably already completed scanning it over or reading it deeply others are Probably gonna go download it The directory page gives some information about what these different code of pages are Participation rules and guidelines This is something to note and also provide your feedback on which is the synchronous and asynchronous aspects of this textbook group, which is to say what we discuss in recorded and or active Institute synchronous conversations And what we put into our shared knowledge repository Unless it's so you don't otherwise can be considered as having this creative commons attribution status Which is citation open source with attribution. So just kind of keep that in mind and as we explore learning and Deci decentralized science together it will be Important to have people's feedback but just wanted to note that because it's kind of an important aspect of Doing work and it helps structure. What kinds of contributions you want to be Making in this shared document where truly all contributions and questions are really important the most basic Most speculative which we'll talk about but this is what the status of those contributions are and We're here as students and individuals who are learning and applying active inference especially in the second half of the book and of course probably in all of our Thinking on active inference or even day-to-day work. We're very interested in applying active inference Also, this is a textbook group that has a learning in a student basis But that's going to be happening in new ways inside and outside the group and so again something to kind of just consider and Give feedback on So engagement will look different for different aspects Even with planning we still may not know like what the synchronous and asynchronous Availabilities are for your engagement with a textbook and with the group All the meetings are recorded, which we'll talk about But mainly it's going to be about your asynchronous Engagement with the textbook itself and some different practices around that Also, anything else that you see as part of your learning Journey here could be contacting people who you're connecting with participating in the discord Getting involved in some other projects or activities that we have Looking more at projects with other participants. So it it's not all just about reading and and We'll try to unpack that You all have access to this Kota document some pages are are a little bit fixed and The ones especially with tables are there to be like expanded upon and we'll get through that We have two ongoing cohorts so if people would like in the cohort to which is how we are here and By your name Or let us know if you're not added. We might just need to sync something You could know whether you've downloaded the textbook made time in your calendar for These synchronous meetings if it works or like making time to rewatch it or just making time to be paying attention to this area and then if you're Like wanting to share some blogging or potentially to do some writing around your Work and if you want to place a link to your site and contacting mail so people can get in touch with you So you can click those checkboxes When you've done those steps if you want to so you're on boarded you have the downloaded textbook You're making time to participate in different ways. What is actually going to be the participation? There's many ways to Learn and people are coming from a lot of different backgrounds which is part of what our group is About oh, sorry. I just for the recording like wasn't fully sharing my own screen But here are the learning practices that we've Sub just sketched and we can add more too So when you feel like contributing or paying attention to this Textbook group Here are some practices that might be interesting For you to check out and also comment on or improve like what Are you doing when you're working with the textbook and that's going to range from peripheral reading and viewing could be experiential it could be computational Especially as we move into the second half of the textbook where there's a lot more like model building so There's also some Templates which you can also in kota like copy out to your own space if you'd like and There's some templates that are around tracking your practices in terms of your allocation of time and like Keeping different Accounting of your engagement or your commitment. There's no rubrics. This can this is an aside document that only you have other Things you can bring in there But that's just to say you can use some practices and accounting if you like Just how you see fit and then The live meetings themselves You can see the live meetings from cohort one Because they also were under the same Open-sourced with attribution approach and then here After this meeting this will be a link that is rewatchable and Future meetings will be recorded as well But you can also see some discussions from earlier cohorts So that's a lot of the like logistics and onboarding we can See it goes through November That's the rough timing it's variable time commitment of different types Through November strongly influenced by like what your availability is and what you're coming to Where you want to go and all of that what happens along the way Are there any like logistical questions or advice or things that were missed Right. Um, Jessica, but then anyone else and then maybe like Alex or something can mention the overview Yes, it's gonna say so I'm Jessica. I'm also a returning Student participant for the course and I guess I just wanted to add like something that was really Really useful last time around was engaging in the discord with the different participants and Kind of like learning from each other. So it's also like the live informal chats and you know and kind of Asking questions of each other in real time and to learn so those were like really helpful in addition to the ones, you know asking the questions in yeah In the quota and and going over them here, but it was also like that extra level of interaction that I really enjoyed last time So I just wanted to add that Thank you Thanks, Jessica. I added the discord link in the chat if anybody is not in it Okay, any other like just logistical comments does anyone want to mention a practice or Pattern That was relevant or they did that they didn't or didn't expect Before we look at the pages where a lot of our shared Work for people who choose to engage in the reading and writing this way Before we even jump into any of it. It's just anyone have an overview comment About a practice or a way that they felt like they were learning a lot for me the translation of the math into English was like mind-blowing um And actually like it wasn't so much the translation as like how much I learned in the process and how much I learned about Like what I wasn't really understanding So, um, I think that that that was a practice that that was like super instrumental to helping learn the material Yeah And it's not dumb like not even close so All right, so in the next um, you know 35 minutes, there's three big areas to look at That are all part of the same function of us learning and collaborating. They're also distinctive There's going to be some tables Which are used as reference in kota So in kota where you can edit at Is able to call Like various types of things it can reference a page At which point that becomes a link to the page Or it can link like What we'll explore in just a few seconds. It can link a term like if you want to talk about Variational free energy And then that on mouseover can be used to look at a lot of things like, um The definitions and a lot of other aspects that we'll continue to have built. So what is it? That these kinds of references are often too First let's look at the tables and then into the descriptions of the textbook and then the way that the discourse is range So it's not about like any importance or precedence. It's just Going through it in this order um The ontology is a project That has been scaffolded at the institute since the beginning Which is the development of term lists as well as their translations into multiple Um languages. So here's like a public face this link on the ontology page This is a public facing version where you can see definitions And then also the translation Into these current languages. So if anyone Has a language also that they are not seeing here that they're familiar with that is There's 74 core terms and it can be an awesome contribution These ontology terms Allow us to do a lot of things like again in coda Referencing when we're using a term specifically Which is going to facilitate like cross linking As well as translation and a lot of other aspects Um, so we'll see how the ontology comes into play in the in the Sections above that are more about the book But these are kind of static tables or semi static tables that will be used in a lot of other parts above um The live streams are Uh a table of live streams The live stream series itself is paper Um driven And so if you're curious about a given topic like communication You may find that there are several live streams and relevant papers there Um in active inference research We have a table of some citations and this is Work from some knowledge engineering projects that are also always in progress in an area for people to be involved in with ways of aggregating resources and um Bringing their accessibility Into working documents like this Um And then there's just a list that's referenced elsewhere So those are kind of the static tables Which are just some live streams that people may enjoy Or are often brought up to contextualize other papers that we might mention Um And then the ontology table The ontology structures a lot of the technical discussions in the active inference field First the textbook and then the discourse that will have more on the textbook This section textbook Is uh the textbook is open source Hey, geosupply, do you have a question? Hi, no, I just I just managed to connect right now. I'm not very familiar with the interface Cool welcome. Thank you. Um the textbook section itself is going to contain many um Tables and the table is going to be of the type that is described in the page So you can peruse these but They're used for multiple reasons first. It's all enabled because the textbook is open source What the um kind of aliquoting of the textbook into these Formats Which is a lot of the work that was done in the first iteration of the first part for the first five chapters Then we'll do that for the second Having a field that's callable as like equation 2.1 means that anywhere you can just do at equation 2.1 And then okay. Oh, okay.  Do you want to describe? Sorry? I was muted and I'm driving. Um, okay, okay Yeah, um, I can uh describe really quickly they are um The descriptions are like literally how you would read the math equation.  This is like, you know, the Y intercept is equal to the slope times the x intercept plus the Or sorry the y coordinate equals the slope times the x coordinate plus the y or y intercept, right? So it's like literally how you would read The equations in active inference using like english words for the terms that they represent Thank you blue and those terms because they're referencing Terms in the active inference ontology This is going to help contextualize the equation. It's not the whole story on the equations There's a ton of discourse below And then when we get to questions in our discourse Um, you can ask open questions at reference or are stimulated by seeing formulas. So As hopefully becomes clear all math backgrounds and preferences are welcome and everybody should be able to find uh Meaning and Again for the people who feel like doing these kinds of annotations Or work like for example, yacob Who showed some derivations and it was like Oh, the first one goes to the second and the first one goes to the third But the second one doesn't go to the third Okay, well, that's a different understanding even without the equation of How all of these terms which are natural everyday terms Are linked to the formalisms because the formalisms are infinite journey with math and everything So that's why we're always looking to increase the accessibility of what is being related So that in the natural language use and in the Settings where we're wanting to apply active inference we can interact with these things Grounded in the formalisms but using regular ways of Communicating it's worth it because the equations are going to be peppered in the book as well as technical and difficult concepts or big questions that aren't equations So the difficulty is not purely analytical It's also just um Everybody will have areas they're like familiar with and unfamiliar with Okay figures is very similar the figure Information on the figure and then the image is posted So that figure 2.2 again, it can always be clicked So especially as these tables gain completeness And also we can even copy the whole text of the book to github or to um pages So we can make and this is all on the road of developing interfaces for learning and applying active inference Boxes and tables again similar to figures It just has images and allows you to call box 2.1. Okay. That was what box 2.1 was Code so this is going to come into play especially for people who have this background or would like to learn more And also in the second half of the book Which is about model building And here we'll be developing. I know Ali and Brock and Yacob Many people are interested in this kind of notebook driven development So again, if somebody is familiar with like git and notebook A development and hopefully there'll be many opportunities there Um in the chapters these are just uh, this is a filtered view by chapter of the questions asked regarding that chapter If somebody wants to really focus on one section And also these are editable pages um or comment or if they're not Where you can just add Just anything you want on the chapters. These are the sections of the book. There's 10 chapters and there's three appendices Chapters one through five constitute like an epistemic slash learning component of the of the book and then chapters six through ten are about building models and about applying Still perhaps more theoretical than some would imagine applying to mean but relative to the first five It begins to get applied So these are just sections of the book There are the equations in a way that they're going to be referenceable in the discourse same for the figures boxes and tables And code is something that people can be developing more Especially in the second part of the book All right now to the discourse itself and the collapsing and the code that can start um helping a lot so Just to go over these pages So a really important page especially for the live meetings is the questions So this questions page is going to be all the questions that have been asked However, you can also go into cohort two questions To develop your own cohort specific So it's all referenceable like the underlying questions are all retained. So if you don't want to like Have your priors updated by what previous people have asked then Don't look however if you want to See and even improve the kinds of questions and discourse and the way that the live meetings work is that The questions that are for that week's topic We will look at like we'll go okay chapter one. We're discussing today This one has the most up votes And then we'll just try to go Through that list We're not going to address every possible one to the possible most possible especially written level of detail However before anytime including after it's been discussed one time people can continue to come back and give thoughts in discourse One thing about the book structurally is there aren't any questions or Cases provided So there's a large opportunity to develop really quality and interesting questions from The very very basics of A chapter's gist or context or anything to really just open-ended questions where there isn't even an answer per se just kind of people Can just work on some unsolvable problem or solvable problem or something Just at the end of chapter one because kind of why not So we go through the interesting ones and clicking on this kind of an icon in a coda table will open up that Where it's easier instead of having a text box that just becomes out of control This is like Allowing a lot of discussion People are bringing in different resources We can ask questions about using terms in the ontology All these kinds of things again the questions can be And also the questions can Reference parts of the book. So oh, this is about chapter one and figure 1.2 Okay, so that is how we'll do the live meetings and so Adding as many questions as you would like is great just truly if Whether it's something you think is very simple and you just want to Add it as something that somebody could be asked Or something that is like, okay just checking What is the difference between this and that? That's a great or it can be open-ended or it can be anything that you're asking And then we'll just try to discuss them and continue to develop the discourse on them So that is because it's worth spending a lot of time on because the questions structure the live meetings Which is just the tip of the iceberg Hopefully you would get a lot just from one hour per week of the discussions and seeing how people have updated the coda and their own notes, however Arguably, you'll be developing a lot more if you're also Asking questions and writing them down to yourself or at least adding some here. So that's the questions aspect Um ideas and insights don't have to be framed as questions, but people can just add Anything that they were thinking or reflecting on just like different ideas and insights from the book if they'd like Um, then we have uh several other aspects So next is the math learning group, which was a great um innovation by Several of the participants here who are really active. So They know who they are and they all like helped Stewarding and template a really Accessible and inclusive approach to math discussions and um This is an area for people on any side of some perceived math comprehension Situation they can be in this group And we'll set Sometimes amongst the people who want to commit to a certain set of times But it does it it doesn't have to be recorded. It's um It was not previously and here are just several pages within the math learning group Which is really everyone but that was kind of like the joke Um first there are several overviews written That are uh, there was one Table update. So here if you see a strange sign these can be fixed. It's just like, okay You just have to replace it with that word But it was a previous table is being referenced, but if there's a few little cases like that um these math overviews were Can be collaboratively improved to be like So they introduced section 2.2 this equation because it's going to show this Just try to walk through some of you have overviews of the book with the technical eye There are math learning resources That are just describing some of the resources people have found relevant for learning a lot of the background materials Which have been named differently in different um settings and there's also a lot of Change even in the fundamentals of active inference and free energy principle recently so It's not like an um Absolute or total claim about what the bases or backgrounds are that being said certain areas like linear algebra and stochastic processes and statistics can be helpful Anyone else can add more of course, but I'm just mentioning a few areas and what the appendices are mentioning um notation here is connecting Some of the natural language ontology terms to the notation used in discreet time active inference and continuous time active inference so that we can then Kind of keep some of the formalisms in mind and get familiar with some of the notation as we're talking about like affordances or observations because that is the structure of The relationship of the ontology also not in its Final form, but at least there is a specific thing Here's some math learning questions. So it's just a separate section For questions if people don't want to put them in the main table, but of course math questions again of the most Confirmatory to the most difficult are also welcome in the questions table, but these are some questions about Conversations to have around learning and approaching the math And there'll be some experimentation with math type writing um Okay, I'll Mention the others sections before project ideas Um resources. So here's some resources that people have found are as relevant also searchable Here are some uh, here's a feedback form which we'll update later in the cohort And a link for people who want to join a future cohort And then here's just some ideation on what you would tell future participants different written feedback Different ideas people have had About how to be involved in structuring the textbook group differently and better which should and will happen In the coming cohorts And then errata is uh, just like some random stuff random thoughts people have And a few little typos or uncertainties in the book those kinds of things so just to kind of return to the overview And then we can have the rest of the time with any like discussions or thoughts people are having We are finishing our onboarding for this cohort two And then we're going to take two weeks per chapter and we're going to go through the first five chapters The chapters are not extremely extremely long in terms of page but There will be paragraphs where they're just inscrutable or Like you could also think about them for a long time and so That's where the practices come into play To whatever extent is possible having at least read through If or or listened if you prefer audio form to the chapter Would be the best Before a session on that chapter Like ideally these are not motivating you to then check out chapter one It's the most helpful to have read the section before chapter one is a very overview So it will spur many questions and it's non-technical and then all the equations and so on start beginning in chapter two Um, so try to pace things so that you are prepared for the discussion at least having read or listened To those pages and just looked at what the figures were And Ideally also having contributed some questions or and even some discourse on the questions or thoughts on it so that in the live meeting It's not like okay here. We've read the question Who has a thought on it it could be like well, here's two perspectives people have shared Is there any other Thought on how that could happen? So well in chapter one, which again is very overview styled These will be pretty open discussions About the context of active inference Maybe even ongoing changes in active inference One overall note is This mod this textbook There's of course many ways to think about it, but it's like describing the kernel of A framework Which is the action perception loop And some formalisms and approaches towards formalisms for the action perception loop The papers conferences literature at a very rapid pace Is elaborating in a ton of directions Which actually I will leave to Ali to describe because I think you'll have a lot to say on this Well, yeah, actually on resources page. Uh, I Curate curated A collection of 17 papers And I've put them roughly in the order of increasing technicalities and I think these papers might come in handy as we go through the textbook because I mean the textbook is Especially some chapters are really dense and will definitely need some additional resources So feel free to add any other Papers or articles articles you came across or reorder them in any way You see fit, but yeah, this is This page might Be useful For some people if they want to Gain a little bit more the deeper understanding in terms of the essential concepts and so on Thanks Yes, Jessica Yeah, I guess I wanted to build up on Ali's Comment because I found like there were a lot of like the papers that he Suggested that were very helpful. Like I'm a pretty much beginner in this space and also with a lot of the math and and a lot of the papers that he added And which was sort of like straddling between so like statistics and also What the book and is talking about Is that I think just I guess to like back up a little bit like one of the challenges that I found is like In the textbook It's framed a lot of the statistical material and some of the math is framed from the active inference obviously an Approach And the link back to some of the basics in statistic might be lost and there were like some references that Ali Suggested and mentioned that allowed me to be able to Make the connections to understand like okay, so in active inference when it's looking at this term that's normally used in statistic In this other way, this is how you know It connects and and be able to learn a little bit of the foundation for that and then be able to Make the transition to how it's used in an active inference Framework or more than this approach and so yeah, so that's what I wanted to like build up because they were like, you know very like useful connection to kind of go from more foundational Aspect to then connecting it to active inference and how they are applied in this sense Thank you, Jessica um Yeah, I think it's Great that the math group opened up a lot of that discussion in space Because this is a textbook and to kind of return to that idea of it being a kernel this is going to be focusing on a Didactic slash exemplar Single agent case one entity Involved in an action perception loop and it's going to describe that process It also doesn't describe the um every aspect from every possible perspective. It's a short book overall and the step by step Which should probably linked in all these The step by step guide For example is also almost book length. You'll find other almost book length approaches to learning Including ones that take very different approaches Like the path that they take in a step by step guide with even some of the same authors Is not the same as the textbook and the textbook structure is not without Uncertainties and so on There's like from the fundamental mathematical To especially chapter five when the neuroscience is going to get connected broader discussions around systems and complexity and cybernetics control theory Philosophy and especially the introduction of the four e etc embedded extended Things like nested communicating Cyber physical systems Are not going to be in the middle of chapter two Except potentially by just mention So the research has a huge amount of these cases and like ramifications of active inference Which often you'll see with an adjective before like deep active inference now It's considering something about temporal depth or something um So again, it's all say the textbook is a lot And yet there's more Especially an application So that again just returns us to the practices and thinking about this as learning the kernel of active inference or a kernel or a distilled representation by some of the people who have been working in this area for a long time like Carl Friston and those who are bringing a sort of computational view that and physics based view Which is mainly explored in Recent literature, but also not in the textbook Anyone can add more thoughts on that but or just general thoughts on the practices or the the Way to approach the textbook Even though published in march or april this year still It feels like a lot has changed in Inactive inference or what do people think? What is the way to approach the textbook? Ali and then anyone else I will just one thing that I think might be helpful to keep in mind is that is that um As if people want to go through the additional resources and The other papers in the literature Well, it would be helpful to keep in mind that the notations used in the book Is mostly different from most of the notations used in the rest of the literature So this might be confusing at the initial stages. So Yeah, that's one caveat That I wanted to mention Thanks for mentioning it. It's one reason why we have this language ontology driven approach Because we'll be able to make columns for different papers This is written down I'll sort of just want to note that for people who like do want to really parse through a paper Where there is alignment in what the papers are discussing Or or disagreement or ambiguity or all the above But is about the terms and the concepts Which is also what connects the formalisms, whether the math analytical equation formalisms Or the computational coding implementations Whatever formalisms are being used when they're being discussed outside of formalisms. It's with these kinds of terms So decision making and policy selection Affordances capacities for action and then that's represented a certain way in equations Maybe as a bold letter or maybe as a vector or there's just that is where there's heterogeneity Is with the ways that certain Terms are represented because people are coming at this for many threads, which we'll be learning about But in um statistics, maybe they're used to talking about like y is a predictor of x but then in Bayesian models of perception and cognition Maybe o is used for observation and s is for a hidden state but That might be an analogous situation In the actual topics and how they're related and um Yeah, any other Thoughts on this The last section which of here is the project ideas Jessica or anyone Want to give an overview on the project ideas? um, yes, um, I guess like in general the idea is if you have specific way that you want to Practice like learning by doing an active inference or like a project in mind and To share it and with the community to see if there's all the other people who are interested in joining you and exploring it in that manner And and so yeah, so you share the idea um You put in your name and so that other people can contact you and also tag themselves and Saying that they're interested and and then, you know, you can also like organize yourself and to create like a separate study group or like, you know project and group and to do this together and then there's already like some Projects idea that are already like in motion and that you can also learn by doing so like black friends and which is the part like the Institute itself as a project, but then there are all the ones that are also like more independent from all the previous Participant in the you know study group Yeah, so it's very informal and just, you know pose a flag and and see You know one momentum generates and you know what feedback you get out of it. Yeah Thank you, Jessica. Yeah, there's just People can continue to add and it looks like some people even are adding things, but it ranges from audio recordings of the book Going into various aspects of the rigor and accessibility of the textbook Um an act in foundations course Which I know Brock and Ali have worked on and other types of textbook enrichment Um people interested in domain specific cases many of which We can scaffold really well in active block fronts All the meetings This meeting is in gather so we can be a little bit more like face-to-face also potentially use Breakout spatially, but also be not related to the discord if people don't want to be that way It's not that it always well. Maybe we can You know see how things evolve in platforms, but we're here so that we can have a really focal study and connection time and the project meetings are in our discord Those or or they can be arranged as people see fit by default in the discord like for active block fronts and for others And that helps provide some visibility for your project even if someone's not in the textbook group and um As the months go by hopefully people see a lot of ways to Want to apply active inference the book will make several Comments to that effect too um Does anyone have any other comments otherwise we'll End this first discussion Neil and then anyone else Yeah, I mean this all looks absolutely Fantastic. I was just wondering What is it that acting? Uh, what's the objective for the acting group? What are you trying to Get out of this and and what might we help To achieve that Well, I appreciate that. I hope we can Find out and co-create how but in general our Mission at the institute is to address education and research So those are the two sections of the textbook and these types of groups and people's engagement in them and the projects and Other facilitations of the institute as they see relevance in a changing ecosystem. They're all helpful Um brahman Yes, I just wanted to say a very simple question It's in regards to the questions for the upcoming chapters To really are we able to put those questions in before the meeting? Is that is that the aim? So As I'm reading the chapter and I've got a question I can pop it in there And then that'll be answered during the session Yes, so you could just like click in which chapter you want the question to be in and then just hit enter Dot-a-dot. Okay new question Dot-a-dot and then you can Add if you want in this field you can use the at and say okay at equation two point one And then the question could be like I saw equation one dot-a-dot. But yes adding them before Will make those discussions really um Rich and have some starting places for the discussion and then if someone can't make the Discussion that's also fine because then their questions will be addressed And yeah be given visibility so we can continue to address it Okay Good. Thank you All right any final comments