Namaskaram. Namaskaram to all of you. Namaskaram, Sadhguru. Sadhguru, it's a pleasure and great honor to meet you, sir, although we are meeting virtually. Lot of things are going to be virtual for some time. Sir, today you will be interacting with representatives of Indian doctors from all over the world. It is estimated that there are 1.4 million doctors of Indian origin working almost in every corner of the world. We have here Professor Anupam Sibbal, who is the president of the Global Association of Physicians of Indian Origin. And it has divisions, branches in 45 countries. We have here Dr. Suresh Reddy, he is the president of American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin. And we have Professor Bhamra, he is the chairman of British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin. Sir, then you have me, viewers truly, I am the president, but I call myself food soldier of British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin. Thank you very much, sir. We also are delighted that we have here Dr. Pratap Reddy Garu, the founder of Bapio. I'm sure you have seen him several times. Thakuru, just to start off, what is happening in the world today is unprecedented. The impact of global lockdown is unimaginable and the scare of invisible enemy is enormous. We hope to get guidance and advice from you regarding dilemmas, the hardships, the fears, the confusion amongst frontline doctors and other health care workers. Sir Guruji, to kick off, I am delighted that we have amongst us our role model, Dr. Pratap Reddy. Dr. Reddy has not only transformed and modernized the health care in India, but he has been a friend, philosopher and guide for medical fraternity. May I request Dr. Reddy to introduce Sadhguru, who probably needs no introduction. Dr. Reddy. Namaskaram to you. Namaskaram to you too. It's a pleasure to be here with me. The entire Polar Family is giving us a great pleasure and I am very happy that the entire global population is getting a message from you. I did not know you are the founder of API. Only today I came to know this. I am a Gapio, Gapio, Global Association, tradition of India. Gapio formed the year I came back from there. That's funny. It's a privilege for all the doctors across the world to see you and I have known Guruji from the 90s and it has been a profound experience knowing him, seeing him and seeing the various activities that he has. Let's get a bit across the globe. Personally, my family enjoys the experiences that we have at Disha Foundation in Assam, Belangiri, Gilsam, Pune and Coimbatore. I don't know how many of you have gone there, but you must. Let's get clear. Most often I try to go at Sivaratri times. It's unbelievable, the experience. There are hundreds of thousands of people who come to the function, but it's an experience as soon as you enter the ashtam to find the divinity in it. Lord Siva is a dhyanalinga. I have a bath in that pond. Sivaratri night, each minute across the 12 o'clock, 6 a.m., 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., passes on as Guruji walks in. The experience that we all have here is tremendous. There are many, many things that he has done which the country and the world appreciates. There are 4,000-5,000 full-time volunteers there, and I think 40-50,000 volunteers who give 50% of their time to him. This is the spirit of it. So every time I am finishing the Sivaratri night, if I ask them how things, everything was beautiful. Every speck of it, you know. For so many nights, he is there, Guruji came at 2 a.m. in the morning last night to see. That's how it functions. It's not that he is there, but that mystic power that he has is something very, very unusual. I have seen him while driving his truck. I know that he drives his own helicopter, but the experience that we have there, for example, a few years ago, there is a rally for rivers to bring back the country into fortified land instead of becoming deserts. You know, the way he travels from the tip of South India to the north of India, and I was happy to participate in Chennai. Every month, hundreds of thousands of people across the country get caught the spirit saying, we must do something about it. The way he puts it, it gets right into your heart. And I know, I have not kept up. I wanted to ruin my village nearly 500,000 plants, but the heart is the water. But I am sure each time you put more and more plants, more rain comes in, and this is his blessing. I have also his blessings of my village. Rishabh, there was an educational thing which there was an education, because the school which I saw in the Rishabh Foundation is something unbelievable. People from all over the world come there, the students. But our Rishabh school in our village, you won't believe, the first time when they appeared for the Tilted Camp, out of 17 people, 15 got 10 or 10. The other two got 9.8 and 9.9. A record for the first time for the Rishabh school. This is how we never expected it. He has a way of putting it forward saying, this is what we need to do. You need to do it for yourself and you need to do it for society. We are all very grateful for this project. Today, when the entire doctors from across the globe are here through the Global Health System, Physicians of Indian Origin, they are going to not only experience your power, but I think you will be able to delve into them in this most critical time, when we are talking about COVID-19, and the way everyone is... I mean, it's not bad, it's no longer more. It's not even fear. But I think there is something that everyone is shaken up. I'm sure. So listening to you and practicing what you say will make a significant impact. Not only the doctors, but the doctors have to do their service. I think it will also make a tremendous impact in what we can do in this most difficult time with your parents. And I am saying, from all of them, a big namaskar. It's an exceptional pleasure for everybody in the world to see you. And many, many, many times we see the more we want to see and hear you. We are very, very grateful to everybody. Thank you. Thank you, Dr. Reddy. Thank you, Dr. Nair. Your direct meeting, Sir Guruji, and your first-hand experience was very obvious, Dr. Reddy. And what you said obviously came from your heart. You mentioned that he is a mystic. I'm going to talk to him about mystic later on in the question and answer. But, Sir Guruji, we have got four of us in the panel here and we will start the questions. We have been looking forward to this meeting with you eagerly. May I thank you to start off for offering the Inner Engineering course free to healthcare workers during these very difficult times. Sir Guruji, I'm very pleased to inform you that we had circulated this through our channels, Bapio channels in UK and I understand that more than 900 doctors have gone through this course within the last one month. This also includes myself and I'm so pleased that I have done this course within 10 days. This course has actually given me insight into how to be happy and content. I'm highly impressed, Sir Guruji, with your explanation of Vedic knowledge through modern science. My first question therefore comes from the course. We had an interesting session during the course on responsibility. Sir Guru, at this difficult time for frontline healthcare workers, when they are confused, how would you guide them to handle their responsibilities to patients, to themselves, their families and friends? Thank you. Well... Namaskaram to all of you. This answer, I have to make it in such a way because those of you who have not been through the program also should grasp this. Otherwise, for somebody who has gone through the program I would deal with this in a different way. The important thing is what we are misunderstanding is as human beings our experiences are more powerful than our actions. This is a privilege of a human being. There is a certain sensitivity of perception and experience. So what happens in our mind, in our emotions, is actually far more powerful than what we actually see and what we actually go through.  So, for this, if this experience, whatever comes our way, because what comes our way we cannot decide. Right now, we did not choose the virus, it's come our way. But now how we respond is in our hands. All other creatures on the planet naturally respond instinctively according to their survival instincts. It is only the human being who has the privilege that you can consciously respond to everything that comes your way. So, responsibility is this dimension of your life that you make your ability to respond into a conscious process so that you determine the nature of your experience hundred percent. But action in the world is not all determined by you. It is the situation, it is the times, other people participating and many other forces which have to cooperate for action to happen. No action in the world is all independent. No human being does a hundred percent independent action. There's no such thing because in everything we know this is a wrong time to remind for us to be alive itself there are many microorganisms involved. Only one is troubling us but the rest of them are cooperating. Action is not hundred percent ours. We have a stake but it is not totally ours. But our experience is totally ours. This we can determine. If our experience of life is determined by us, naturally we will make it highest level of pleasantness. If your experience of life is at the highest level of pleasantness as all of you know there is substantial medical and scientific evidence that our body and our brains will work at their best. So if you want to your doctors, I'm something else somebody else is doing something else whatever we wish to do we must be able to harness the prowess of our body and our intelligence. Right now, whenever there are challenging situations in life people turn against themselves their own intelligence turns against themselves. Well this turning our own intelligence against ourselves a whole lot of people have given various names exotic names are there it starts with tension, stress, anxiety depression and you know they tell me today there are seventy-two medical names to describe this but essentially our own intelligence has turned against us.  We are talking about right now nobody has found a solution for what this virus is. Everything that we are talking about is only social behavior our behavior not viruses behavior we haven't figured what is its nature. Well, we don't know how long this is out till now whenever these sort of pandemics happened it went away of its own nature actually we did not find a solution in the past either. So right now the best thing that we can do as all of you know is that our immune system should function at its best. This is the this is the only real solution even now it is becoming fatal only to those people who are in some for some reason their immune levels are a little lower than what it should be either because of age or because of ailment or because of some other medical condition or their lifestyles or whatever it is. So immune system being at its best is the real thing. Well, we have documented these evidence the Harvard Medical School has documented this that clearly it indicates that the genes that are responsible for activating and elevating the immune system over 230 of those the genome studies that have been done shows 230 genes are elevated for all those people who are doing simple practices called inner engineering. The program that you went through is an online process attached to that there are practices if you do those practices distinctly it has been recorded that your immune system is up right now that is the only solution you have for the virus but now apart from the virus the problem is human thought and emotion turning against themselves and creating havoc with every individual at least that you can immediately prevent by going through this process of inner engineering online but there are attached practices if one does that within six to eight weeks you can definitely notice a significant improvement in one's immune system. It has been well documented right now by the doctors in United States. So why I'm saying this is we need to understand this by the time we spend billions of dollars and spend months and months trying to find a vaccine the only solution we have right now till such a thing comes up is that human immune system should be kept up why are we not doing the right things about that rather than simply crying about so many things there are problems serious problems more than health problems there is going to be serious economic issues for everybody in the world particularly in India so when this is the situation we have to be at our best these are challenging times when times that we live in are challenging for us we must be at our best that is why in engineering Thank you very much I think what you are saying is true for people, all the people and all the population, the global but those who are in front line doctors in front line their response and the ability converting into responsibility is going to be difficult because of the confusion that they have being in front line whether they are going to die what happens to their family how they could be doing the best for their patients so they won't have time to go through the course because they are in front line No, see I wouldn't say they don't have time because everybody has time it is just a question of priorities it is most important if you are going to war are you well prepared being most important front line is a very battle front term, all right so you are in the front line means you are ready for the battle if you want to be ready for the battle the fundamental thing is your competence is in place you are strong, you are able to do what you know best when you are paralyzed by your own fear and confusions about family and emotions your competence will go waste both for you and for the patient who depends on you so it is very important especially if we realize equipping ourselves first thing with raising our immune system and being confident that it will not come to us, there is no such thing it can come to me, it can come to you it can come to anybody that is there but fundamentally we know clearly now that those with strong immune systems are generally not even showing symptoms, most of the people are just passing through the infection just like that so this is something that we must do it is your fundamental responsibility because if large number of frontline workers starts falling sick a whole lot of them will not report that's the next step because it is one month, two months okay, they are patriotic they are committed and everything suppose this lasts for six months, twelve months and a large number of medical workers start falling sick, another part of them will not report so when this happens then it is in, you know everybody is at serious risk already it has happened in Mumbai some doctors went on a few hours of strike because they are put to risk for nothing I'm saying these things are beginning to happen so it's very very important the frontline workers are healthy well physically, mentally well in a good condition to do a most significant job that is there on their hands right now a doctor's profession is always an important one but only important for sick people they don't care who you are but right now the possibility of anybody getting sick is just hanging in everybody's face so suddenly it's most important in many places everywhere in the world in India also though there are some negative cases also but largely people are looking at doctors as if they are worship worthy doctors and nurses have become heroes for the first time this is wonderful, this recognition is good but it's important to be very strong within themselves physically, mentally strong their immune systems capable of dealing with frontline offensive because probably they are most exposed to infections the level of infection that they are exposed to may be unusually high compared to a person who travels by a plane or a train or something and gets something what level of infection they get and what level of infection you get in hospital so it's very, very important nobody should say I don't have seventy, seventy-five minutes per day in the next month to learn something which will protect me you cannot say I don't have enough time to put on the pee, pee, pee or whatever and go there because you don't have the time you cannot do that No, that makes sense thank you very much Sir Guruji, I'm going to take you to Chicago now and I'm pleased to introduce Dr. Suresh Reddy who is the president of API, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin he is a Osmania Medical College graduate Suresh is a clinical fellow interventional neuro radiologist of Harvard Medical School and is currently chairman of radiology at Heinz Medical Center Chicago he was awarded four times the teacher of the year award by residents and students of Harvard Medical School he makes significant contribution to the community including educating on stroke management and prevention of childhood obesity Suresh, go ahead Namaskaram, sir Guruji it's an honor and pleasure I am able to join you today and I met you for the first time last year in Atlanta and it was one of my best and very enlightening moments thank you again for accepting to join you today I have a question today the only way I would have given that award to my teacher is that they let me off from the class what did you do like Harvard Medical students are very very dedicated and motivated thank you sir thank you so there's two parts to this question this is about social distancing and wearing PPE as you know some people in this world are not taking this seriously whereas some are taking it extremely seriously so a person like me who takes this seriously it bothers me I become anxious and my stress level hits the rooftop when somebody comes to me very close without a mask no social distancing yesterday two handymen came into my house and they were not wearing masks they were coming very close to me and I felt very anxious and there is a second part to this question physical proximity like especially the families, grandparents, grandkids mother and newborn when your one is infected they cannot do this hugging or kissing or physical proximity so how do we handle these two sides of the coin we have come to times when you can only blow kisses all right this is this is a discipline we have to exercise well I don't know it may not be in place but I will try to make it brief for you in the yogic traditions always keeping physical distance has been very vital no handshaking, no hugging no kissing this is the only greeting we do we do the same thing to what we think what we see as divine we do the same thing to the man, woman, child animal, tree, rock whatever we see this is our greeting for everyone including the divine at the same time why this is so is not necessarily because we were thinking of infections because with every contact that comes with the body when one becomes sensitive and receptive you want to be receptive when you become receptive you become receptive to everything there is no filter I will only receive good things I will not receive bad things there is no such filter everything goes into us in terms of memory and impact on our life this is called as ronanubandha you might have heard this word complicated with more and more physical contact so always like this when I come to America people ask me satsguru where is my hug I said I have it in my pocket I will come to you tomorrow today but I understand this this thing there are a lot of very brave people very brave people are already dead these reasonably brave people want to give it to you so they are acting they have got to fulfill their compulsions they are coming up with philosophies of freedom, rights and nonsense and all kinds of stuff fundamentally they need to drink they need to drug, they need to go to the party they can't sit in one place that's their problem they don't want to address that they want to project this as some kind of a freedom that they have to go on the streets and infect everybody and people are talking about herd immunity, scientific words are being thrown about thrown around by just about everybody if herd immunity has come as many people have said minimum sixty to eighty anywhere between sixty to eighty percent of the population has to be infected this means we will literally wipe out our geriatric population and also affect children below one year of age and also all those vulnerable population we may take them out and that will amount to millions and millions of people on the planet this herd immunity what people are talking is quite an irresponsible thing because that will inevitably happen at a later time some point but this is not something that you work towards because in the process the number of lives lost is not going to be simple so this level of irresponsibility is because one thing is ignorance another thing is today anybody can put up whatever they want on the social media everybody running their own campaign how this virus itself is fake it doesn't exist you know to that extent it's going a lot of voices from America are saying it doesn't actually exist they're just making it up it somebody's conspiracy so that is because they won't have a haircut they want to go to the bar this is the real thing so for this they're making up all this this is a time when how responsibly you behave by simply not doing anything of the world these are rare times for those lazy people if you don't do anything you will serve your nation and the world and humanity in a huge way at least that much they must do if they can't take up some important work and do it at least that much they must do they must keep themselves to themselves but unfortunately they're not doing that I understand the concern because it's everywhere in United States it's showing up on the streets in a big way but in India also there is a segment of people who believe their god will take care of them they don't need to follow any rules well god may not take care may take you that is the whole thing the whole thing is not to be taken by god that is the important thing about life that is why the mask that is why the social distancing behavior all this unfortunately even in a time like this as a generation of people when we have the highest capability to communicate to every human being on the planet in terms of social media in terms of internet and everything in spite of that at a time like this so easily you can misinform people is a terrible thing but unfortunately it's happening we would assume compared to previous pandemics like the Spanish flu whatever when there was no communication whatever your neighbor said was the truth confused about what it is but today we thought very easily you can put out the medical facts and say this is it but unfortunately look at this how it is happening it doesn't matter what technological tools we have till we transform individual human beings this is how it's going to be technology doesn't really solve the problem it is only complicating the problem Thank you Guruji and I have another small question there is a suffering about these migrant workers and every time I see them it's like so heartbreaking how to cope up with that kind of anxiety and there is so much suffering going on and also I have another request in the last week of June we are doing a worldwide Covid medical summit and I would like you to come for few minutes and bless us. Thank you About the migrant workers I am not trying to play it down specifically it is happening but we need to understand if the government did not bring the lockdown suddenly without informing people it would not have worked because people would have moved in a big way so they had to bring it down it has to be like a surprise element that it had to just come in like that so that people stay where they are but initially we thought it's fifteen days we thought people will manage somehow we will provide food and do things which massive efforts have been made but the numbers are so huge but at the same time this concern about migrant workers right now is simply because cameras are on them for the first time these people who are walking just with a bag which is their whole position a child and a bag is the entire positions of their life so you must understand how they were living in the city their life in the city was not any better than this walk on the highway I want you to understand it's that bad so nobody saw that because no cameras went there now suddenly cameras are there there is also a problem because the extension of this lockdown kept on increasing according to the needs every time they are studying the situation and going on increasing a certain panic spread and there are also people spreading that panic there are people who are actually actively want to see a crisis evolve in the country those people are also there creating fear among those people see right now the best thing even for the migrant worker would be just to stay put where he is that would be the best thing over eighty five percent of India's Covid cases are only in thirteen cities and from these cities people are going all over the country back to their villages which is a terrible thing to do right now but for political reasons and for whatever some people like some people have fun seeing a crisis that's the whole problem people created so much fear and now they want to go back to their villages when they go back to their villages are they going to leave the virus in the train and go they are going to take it to their families people who are completely safe in the village to them but now you can't stop them it's become such an emotional issue see you being in Chicago you have also seen those terrible images of people suffering and it moves your heart it moves everybody's heart but right now is not a time to go by our emotional responses this is a time to do the right thing so that this doesn't become across the population and everybody's suffering we must limit it that is the only thing we can do we don't have a solution for the virus only solution we have is fortunately the virus chooses us as a mode of transport all we have to do is just stay in one place no matter what whatever our emotions are whatever our situation is just stay in one place if this discipline the entire world without a single person breaking it if you do it for fifteen days it's gone I'm asking you as a medical opinion that much we must do you are perfectly correct so again I would like to request you to come for a few minutes and bless our global summit happening in the last week of June thank you Guruji it's an honor and my I am humbled and also I am blessed to have this few minutes with you thank you thank you Suresh Guruji thank you very much your point about herd immunity is very very interesting and I hope responsible people listen to that I think that's very important I am now going to take you sir virtually to hot Delhi we have professor Anupamsipal there he is the president of global association of physicians of Indian origin which was founded by Dr. Pratap Reddy and myself long ago Anupam is the group medical director of apollo hospitals he is a consultant gastroenterologist and hepatologist he has helped set up the first successful pediatric liver transplant program in India in 98 at apollo hospitals this transplant program is the busiest solid organ transplant program in the world since 2012 he has 122 publications he has delivered 136 international lectures Anupam you can't compare with Guruji's lectures he has 229 national lectures and he has edited a textbook in periodic gastroenterology and hepatology he is also author of a national bestseller is your child ready to face the world with that introduction Anupam, stage is yours Sir Guruji Namaskar 17 years ago I had the privilege of welcoming you to apollo hospital Delhi when you agreed to address the apollo family and for our family members it was a life changing experience and 17 years later I got this opportunity I am most grateful for this on April 11th with the guidance of doctor ready and stalwarts across the globe we established global Indian physicians collaborative against Covid-19 and in the last six and a half weeks we have interacted with thousands of doctors across the world of Indian origin and I want to request you to answer a question based on what is uppermost on their mind that is about pressure Covid-19 has put doctors under immense pressure pressure as clinicians to provide the best care in a scenario where we are still to identify the agent or agents that can effectively treat the disease we are dealing with a disease where there is so much that is not understood and that as clinicians makes us uneasy and there is this constant need to update knowledge and we are constantly studying at night just to give you one example as of 5pm today on PubMed where all the peer reviewed papers are published in 129 days since Covid-19 was first described there are 16,610 published papers that means 128 papers a day as new evidence emerges what was a recommendation yesterday now changes we are doing our best sometimes not good enough and we are just not used to that spending hours in PPEs days away from the family is not easy then there is this worry of bringing the virus home and we can't even share our worries with our families because they are worried sick anyway the community wants reassurance and every friend every relative you speak with wants to hear these magic words it will end soon but as doctors we have no clear idea when this will end when will we have an effective vaccine we are seeking answers sir Guruji asks us to question that we as health care leaders are supposed to provide we usually have answers but not this time not yet sir Guruji please advise us on how to handle this pressure in a way when the first question I kind of put this on I kind of put this out but to answer this question pointedly there is a situation a situation that as you admit as I admit as everybody is admitting slowly that we don't know how to handle the only thing we are trying to do is control human behavior hoping that we can slow it down and we have also realized we are not able to control human behavior totally if you could control that totally probably in two weeks time in a fortnight it would be gone but we are not able to control that because there are a whole lot of human beings who are still evolving you cannot tell them anything sensible they will take their own time to understand and we don't know how many lives have to go before they understand so pressure is there but isn't it important when challenging situations arise in our life that we must become the best possible human beings that we can be in terms of competence in terms of our humanity in terms of our efficiency in terms of a larger vision for everything that we are doing isn't this the time to become that rather than being pressured whenever ugly things happen to us there are two ways one is we can get wounded another is we can get wise these are only two options we have unfortunately a whole lot of people get wounded no we should become wise difficult situation should make us wise not wounded so especially if doctors start breaking down mentally it can happen because months of non-stop work and as you said distance from the family and your own fear of infection to yourself and above all if you have family that fear of infecting them even one visit can happen you know all these issues are there it's not simple I am not trying to simplify the situation it is very very challenging situation like never before for this generation of people in my opinion people think it's not some people think it's nothing but when I look at the many ramifications of what could happen in the next six to eight months it's like never before for this generation of people since 1960 I don't think we have faced this sort of a situation this is not just a medical situation this is a social situation this is an economic situation this is a geopolitical situation there are too many things involved too many things playing out right now so there is definitely pressure on everybody particularly the medical forces because they are right there but the pressure is there on economic forces people are running large institutions industry there is enormous pressure the pressure may be different for them it's different for you but there is pressure on everybody and it will further increase in the next month hopefully everybody is hoping in the next two, three months it will ease off but we don't know even I have a gut feeling by September things should have eased off but there is no data to support that gut feeling there is really no data to tell us by September it will be better at least in India we are thinking by October, August, September things should be better but in the western countries in the United States they are saying October, November, December is going to be second wave and it's going to be way bigger than what it is right now United States has crossed hundred thousand it is like going ahead of every other nation alright in terms of fatalities no other nation has that many fatalities it's gone ahead well why is it that the most affluent country in the world is going through this is simply because one dimension of it is when people live in a certain level of comfort their ability to handle pressure is gone unfortunately comfort does this to people those who are out there everyday battling their life in some way they have more capability to handle this just well doctor Reddy from Chicago mentioned about the migrant labour yes there is suffering where there is no food but where there is food supply and things are taken care of people are walking stoically they are not really suffering because everyday they go to work like that everyday they live like that they may not be joyful about it but there is a certain sense of you know strength that they are going with I am not trying to belittle their problem the problem is huge nourishment issues have come serious issues even here around us everyday we are feeding thousands of people I never imagined in remote rural Tamil Nadu there will be so many people who won't have food to eat if they don't work for two weeks thousands of people everyday our volunteers are out feeding them and millions of people like this are being fed across the country but the important thing is right now we need to be at our best when we need to be at our best if we collapse within ourselves this is going to be terrible for us and above all in your profession the world depends on you right now when they are not well and when there is a possibility of not being well they depend on you please do not crumble under pressure this is why we offered in engineering online free of cost to every medical professional if they are working in a hospital whatever level of work we said it's free for all of them please make use of the tools I am telling you the simple tool is just this right now all of you as medical professionals know this human experience has a chemical basis to it what you call as joy what you call as misery what you call as anxiety what you call as tranquility what is agony, what is ecstasy everything has a chemical basis to it the Harvard Medical School has done this study the cannabinoids in the system are all elevated simply because of a yogic practice the inner engineering practices have raised this in such a way the mood levels are so high what I am talking about is that you create a chemistry of blissfulness within you this is not just now because of the virus if anybody thinks what they are doing is important the most important thing is they must work upon themselves if you think you are delivering something important is it not important that you must be at your best what does being best mean it is not just physical strength being at my best means I am always in a place where situations will not cause suffering to me this is very important for a doctor that situation will not cause suffering to me I decide how I am within myself this is the ability which we wish to offer to the medical professionals through inner engineering program there are practiced attached to it nobody should say you don't have time this is as good as saying I don't have time to put on my PPE that is dangerous it is very important because if you crumble under pressure the world will crumble please don't do that Thank you, thank you so much Guruji for this beautiful message that we have to become the best of who we can be Thank you, thanks Anupam Sagaru now I am going to take you from hot daily to rainy Manchester virtually so we have Professor J.S. Bamra he is the chairman of British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin Bapu he is normally known as J.S and J.S. is a senior consultant psychiatrist at the Greater Manchester Mental Health Trust and he is an honorary reader at University of Manchester he is a trustee of two charitable organizations one is for this advantage people from South Asian community and the other for African Caribbean mental health service he is deputy chairman of the Board of Science or BMA he is inventor of a smart phone app called chart my health which is currently undergoing development J.S. is part of two year health education England West Bengal project which aims to transform how mental health nursing care is delivered in key institutions in West Bengal J.S. is a science man he says he doesn't believe in spirituality so hopefully you can get him right J.S. go on Namaskaram Satsika Namaskaram and that is not strictly true any psychiatrist will know that there is power in the mind that cannot be explained by a man of science but it's a rare pleasure and since I came to know this I've been looking at what you've done which is a tremendous amount much more than doctors do and I'm meeting today a man of great wisdom, philosophy and philanthropic you've done such a huge amount in your own time charitable causes that we don't do and spirituality of course so we know now that COVID-19 is the mother of all pandemics and we can predict that the great depression of the 1930s will be dwarfed by the psychological crisis that is to come so my question is generalized it's around medical people but it's much broader than that because the challenges of our future generations are going to be both psychological and ecological and I reckon you're a specialist in both so how do we break the barriers of stigma or mental illness and the ignorance of global warming you'll hear about prominent political people ignoring completely the global what do you think the post-COVID world will unfold and what can we as a person what can I do what can the individual do see before we look at the post-COVID world because we don't know when this virus will allow you to be post when it will allow you to treat it as history alright we still don't know so I think it's very important we look at the pre-COVID world how we have been living well if I have to I mean these are not things that you're not aware of but let me put this into some kind of perspective every day nearly 8,000 children die because of malnourishment that is about nearly three million children below five years of age dying in the world every year to feed about 820 million people who are daily go to bed on a hungry stomach it would take only something like 9.7 to 9.8 billion dollars but that is in a year but we just have video games the revenue on video games is over 100 billion dollars in the world and daily you know the alcohol and tobacco drugs put together is nearly as much as money that we spend on food 3.7 trillion dollar is the agriculture produced on the planet 3.2 trillion is what is spent on alcohol tobacco and you know psychedelic drugs so when this is how we have been living well the virus has brought stop to this and the moment they open up the liquor vans in India in Tamil Nadu in a single day on 8th of May the day they opened the liquor vans one day sales is 170 crores so nearly 30% of the most of the states in India their revenue is coming from liquor so all the states are pitching chief minister saying first let's open the liquor vans because we don't have money so if this is how we are living then post-COVID we should think later we must fix the pre-COVID the way we have been living what happened in 1930 if it is a consequence of World War I and followed up by the Spanish flu which took nearly 50 million people off fortunately this virus is not that virulent it's little kind to us if we behave responsibly it will not touch us it will not bother us too much that virus the influenza virus of 1918 was a different kind it just killed people just like that and in most of the people who died were between 20 and 40 here most of the people are over 75 18 in that range so it is much gentler on us let we have to admit that and our economies, our technologies our ability to transmit things is at level okay you couldn't have imagined in early 20th century that all these things would be available that day you were fighting virus without even having an antibiotic on your hands today the amount of pharmaceutical formulations you have your ability to transport things your ability to reach people is another world you cannot even compare that world and this world it's a totally different world having said this fear is of economy definitely it's a serious thing in India in the last 20 years we've pulled out over 240 million people from below poverty line to above poverty line above poverty line is not a great place but it's a better place but if this virus situation doesn't get sorted out by September, October at least if it continues for 6 to 8 months or 12 months then we will be pushing these 240 million people back below poverty line for sure so that is the real issue that is the real problem right now there are 820 million people who are going hungry that number may double people are estimating up to 3 billion people may go hungry in the world that's a real disaster these are the things that we must be concerned about at the same time the amount of resources we have is like never before as I said we are playing video games for 100 billion dollars for 10 years we can feed all the hungry people if we just top this one thing if we save our thumbs you know I'm saying the resources are also like that we are drinking and smoking away 3.2 trillion dollars worth of resource well we could transform that into something else will we do it or not this is another question but I'm saying we have we are resource rich like never before we are technology rich like never before we are competence and science and rich and knowledge rich like never before now if we can't solve the problem I think this will be a very harsh thing to say but in some ways we have asked for it we deserve it because don't look at the post covid world please look at the pre covid world how have we been living is it a sensible human way of living I'm not trying to comment on people's lifestyles it's for them to decide but at the same time when the crisis comes you must be able to transform alright you were playing video games 6 hours a day now there is a crisis now you can transform alright you are spending half your life in the bar now a crisis has come you should be able to transform because my problem is not about what you do do not do as a human being you must live consciously we need to create a conscious humanity a conscious planet because minus consciousness we are nothing we are not even as good as other animals because at least they are eco friendly we are not even that the only big thing about us is we go beyond our natural instincts basic instincts of survival and we can function consciously this is the big thing about being a human being if we surrender that then what is left what is valuable about human life we are not in any way valuable ants and insects and birds are far more valuable to nature than us we are valuable only because of our ability of our ability to be conscious once we surrender that there is really no value to human existence this is something that we must realize at this time and if we realize this as a humanity I don't know how much hardship should come how many lives should go before we realize this but if we realize this it doesn't matter where the economy is if humanity realizes that our ability to be conscious our ability to go beyond our compulsive nature is the highest value of being human then the post-covid world is a fantastic world if we don't realize that all we will have is many people wiped out many people ruined, hungry, suffering poverty, enormous poverty across the world this is what we will see so it is very important that now there is a lockdown and anyway most people don't have work it's important that we see how we've been living in the last fifty years in the last fifty years seventy percent of the vertebrate population on the planet has been wiped out eighty percent of the you know biomass in the world is gone what is our plan for this world when we are living so violently, so insensitively so unconsciously post-virus is not the thing we must look at pre-virus is what we need to look at so that same same sorry Ramayesh just on this what are the three top tips that we've learned pre-covid that we need to translate into post-covid that will change the world for us well essentially we've been living unconsciously compulsively compulsiveness is ruling our way of life if we become conscious in our existence as individual people as societies as nations and as humanity if we function at least ten percent more consciously than the way we are functioning right now post-covid will be a fantastic world thank you thank you very much I think that's a great message human beings must live consciously thank you very much for that is for you personally sir and I hope you don't mind Dr Pratap Reddy mentioned that you are a mystic and I'm mystified with that word that word what is mystic could you please tell us what's the meaning of mystic and may I also ask you where did you acquire all this immense knowledge you know as doctors we've been reading books and books and books and our knowledge is many skills in front of what you have so what's the secret the secret is I've been living on this planet for over six six decades and keeping everything open not making any conclusions about anything about mystic well this is the label that you get when you perceive everything just the way it is that you don't make up anything you don't have a philosophy you don't have an ideology and you have not read scriptures you're just there just as life as life should be and unfortunately people slap this tag on you that you're a mystic because they are mistakes mistakes of scriptures mistakes of religion mistakes of philosophies mistakes of ideologies mistakes of identities with family nationality community because of all these mistakes they have done they call me a mystic and and how do you get all this knowledge do you read a lot of books do you listen to podcasts don't I look don't I look uneducated enough sir thank you very much, thanks that's very kind so I'm going to go to Delhi again and Anupam would you want to ask a brief question and then if there is time we'll go to J.S. Satgurji COVID-19 has changed our approach to life Dr. Reddy wrote a beautiful editorial in Hindu talking about what all we've learned and I'm quoting from that we've discovered the power of stillness the beauty of spending time at home with friends there is now a growing realization that our needs are limited and can be met but that race that we were running in pursuit of wants would never have ended this reality and as we've made ourselves slaves to this culture of wants Satgurji, how can we ensure that we hold on to this beautiful awakening when COVID ends it once happened that a gypsy these days you don't see them but there you know when we were growing up you would see gypsies coming and camping in our towns a gypsy man scolding his young son you good for nothing fellow if you don't learn some juggling and some thievery and whatever is needed to survive I will put you to school and make you an educated man then you will suffer with endless want unfortunately that is the kind of education we've delivered to the world all that it does to human beings is endless want education means it should have widened our horizons so much we should have become free from our wants this is education for me that as you become more evolved your wants should go but right now it is only the educated people who are really destroying this planet the illiterate have very small footprint they are very eco-friendly people illiterate people so the moment you go to this sort of education I'm sorry sir you are from Manchester the Manchester style of mass production education you know put everybody through the same works they will become hungry for more and more and more not more in terms of expansion of who they are more accumulations, endless accumulations nobody knows why they are shopping all right they don't even know why they are shopping what they are shopping they turn their homes into warehouses this is our idea of economy our idea of economy is destruction I was asked to speak when I was at the economic forum in 2008 there was a little bit of not little bit quite a significant depression all these multi-billionaires were all sad because they were few billions less than what they were few months before that so they asked me to handle a session recession and depression I said see right now the way you have built the economic engine if it fails you will get depressed if it succeeds all of us will be damned so you must choose whether you want the world to be damned or you should be depressed this is all the choice you have created so this is the value systems we have created I must tell you this Pratap Reddy is there Pratap Reddy is there and in Tamil Nadu you still see this it's going away rapidly but you still see this to some extent suppose you go to a function you go to a wedding outside cars are parked Mercedes, Bentley, this one that one, TV has moped all kinds of things are parked inside if you go if you look at the ladies maybe you will be able to make out the amount of gold around their neck if it's a kilograms by kilograms you can say they are rich or poor but if you look at the male population inside they will all be sitting there all of them will be in just that white busured, starched and iron and white dhoti you can't make out who came in the Bentley who came in the TVS moped they are all same so this kind of value system was there in our country how valued is how responsible you are how generous you are how inclusive you are these things were valued your humanity was valued more than anything today in Delhi sir you are asking from Delhi so I am saying in Delhi first thing they ask you is how much are you worth how many crores are you worth everything is based on that today if you say somebody is a big man is it because he has a very big brain no he has got a very big pocket so he is a big man when we set values like this obviously this is the direction you will go and now people are sitting at home and twiddling their thumbs with all their money every time there is a little problem in the country I know a whole lot of people who will go off to Spain and Italy now these are the two countries you can't go to I am not trying to enjoy their problems all I am saying is you can go anywhere your lifestyles are your business I am not the sort of person to comment about anybody's lifestyle but it should not be compulsive that is what is important Thank you very much Thanks Sadhguruji I am told that this was the last question so yes, sorry your fears have come true you are not time for any more questions I can just say one thing if I may Ramesh I want to give Sadhguruji a new label he is a scientific mystic because the way he has answered our questions there is a lot of science behind it and there should be consciousness I am going to take that with me what he said is absolutely true Thank you very much I want all of you who are in the medical profession to understand that what you are doing is not a job this is not just another job at a time like this this is the most significant thing well all of us have our roles to play but your role determines whether somebody lives or dies so when that privilege is given to you in a way you are an extension of creator's hand please use this hand responsibly and please you should not crumble under this pressure this is a time that you must stand up as really wonderful and strong human beings whatever support that is needed from our end I am willing to offer time and energies to make this happen for the medical professionals please sir I must not say that you don't have time for Inner Engineering all of you must do it because you being well determines the wellness of this world right now please do your best thank you very much thank you so much and the message I am taking is all human beings have to behave consciously you've been absolutely brilliant thank you for sparing an hour or just over an hour with us we should be able to do it again and I must thank our Dr Pratap Reddy Garu thank you in spite of I know constraints on your everything time you spend time with us so and my panelists thank you very much in the background lot of people have been working from the ashram so I thank everybody who have contributed to this wonderful event Namaskaram


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. After weeks of intense rainfall, which led to flooding and huge human suffering, rain waters are finally receding in Kerala and people are beginning to leave relief camps. Now the next stage is rehabilitation, as well as an analysis of what actually took place. To talk more about this, we have with us James Wilson. Mr. Wilson is a special officer with the Kerala government in the Interstate Water Advisory Committee, as well as an expert on dam safety, as well as water management issues. Hello Mr. Wilson, welcome to NewsClick. Mr. Wilson, first of all, let us take a look at the criticism or the claim that actually Kerala was not really prepared for these floods. Was it possible to anticipate a disaster of this magnitude? And if so, what preparations we take? These types of humans are called in our engineering parlance at 1000 year events. But that is a misleading term because people will think that this type of a flood will happen only one time in a thousand years. But the better way of expressing this in annual accidents probability, you always, when you are designing a city, you are designing that particular city normally for one in hundred years flood. One in hundred years flood doesn't mean that it is only going to happen one time in a hundred years. So the actually the annual accidents probability of that one is one percent of chance of having that particular flood in an year. So this type of flood, the chances in a hundred years span is 9.5 percent, 2 percent. So we had something similar to this one in 1924. Right. All data is indicating that Kerala had two major floods, one in 1924, another one was in 1961. So how much water at that time? Because Periyar was the one of the biggest river in the Kerala and it is covering a large number of the area. So we actually looking into the data, you can see that 1961 flood was almost 60 percentage of that what we had in 1924. So to prepare this one means that you need that much of resources for that particular thing. Second thing is that this is a very extreme event, extreme event is happening even your preparations are certain limitation into that. So there is a line, there is a line. So many people are doesn't understand that how Kerala topography, these type of events are however you are prepared you have a problem with these type of particular things. We have a topography, we are one of the, the width of the state is very narrow. You are high 100 to 150 kilometer most of this. Slop is so huge, the water will get most of the rivers, some rivers it will be less than 20 hours, from the origin it will reach the feet. So then we are having this Periyar system most, when we are talking about the floods in Pamba basically there was a flood happening many places, you look into that and I can categorize that this particular flood has actually given so much insight into you because you are having three type of systems affected by flood. Your Periyar is a moderately controlled river because around the 25 percentage of annual rain flow you can actually trap in your reservoir. If you look into the Pamba it is around 10.5 percent. So another systems of the places where we had huge issues called Calicut Malambu where the Chalaya river is flowing it has no dams. There are another system that is actually created havoc in Changanura and other places this actually the backwater from the Vembran wetland was actually creating. There are three rivers doesn't have any single dam, Achankovind, Manimelaaya and Meenachila doesn't have anything. Pamba is having only a small reservoir somewhere with I will to get a perspective I can tell you that Idiki capacity is 1460. The capacity of Idamalaya is 1020 the Pamba is around 445 m here. Altogether Kerala's capacity is around 5,160. When you are looking into that one you compare with Nagarjuna Sagar that single reservoir can hold around 5600 m here. These all our these dams 53 dams plus we allowed Tamil Nadu to create four dams in our territory that they are they are also storing around 670 mcm. Altogether this when you are looking into the average annual flow these reservoirs can hold around 7 percent of the annual flow happening in our system. In a flood year this normally this goes between 52 in certain levels it even goes up to 2.5 times of the average annual flow. So your capacity of this India's 7 percent was curtailed between 3 to 4 percent of the annual flow is actually trapped in your reservoir system. So as a flood control thing you need sometimes to the reservoir but the problem is that we are having three outlets also in the way of one is Kaya Angulankayal, another one is at the Tautopalli Spilvi and the Parivurpoi you are having at the Kochin area. So when you are actually going in your reservoir with a huge area of flood absorption capacity what will happen you are actually you have to strike a balance between the money investment that is leave that apart. When you are creating huge space for flood absorption in that particular reservoir you have to raise the reservoir level to a certain height some 20 percent capacity you want to keep that one you have to remove that much forest from there. Exactly. So that there you are actually striking a balance if somebody is accusing that Idikis does not have a flood storage balance we created a flood storage space in Idikis around 10 percent of the that was when government took a decision to discharge Idikis full reservoir level is 2403 feet and we started discharging Idikis at around 2399 it is very closer to that 89 some 0.1 feet before. So Idikis can go maximum up to 240.85 but the thing is that if you are looking into that one how much space we created 10 percent beyond that one if we are actually no one predicted this type of a rainfall you look into the advisory published by the Indian meteorological department on the 9th of August for two weeks that does not speak about any type of a heavy rainfall in Kerala. So that is the short term rainfall there is another advisory by the IMD for the August and September they were talking that there will be 96 percent to 102 percent that is their normal rainfall you are going to that is for two months that can be used for your short term or medium term management you look into the entire IMD bulletin they published in the 30th November sorry 30th May that is a long term plan for the entire year they never predicted it is not going to be a flood year they only told that it is a normal year it can your rainfall average rainfall it can be up to 96 percent or 100 percent. For that long term strategy if you are if somebody is addressing us to MD your reservoir and keep in a normal year I because you need this water the problem is my acquisition is we are greedy we are actually making power and we are greedy to make power money we actually not ready to release this particular thing there is one problem the people does not understand that most of the Kerala's electricity boats reservoir systems are actually catering the releases are actually used for small vias and barrages downstream of that one on the tailwaters are actually further used for irrigation project and this water is actually used for drinking water purpose so many wells are in the water authority are having even you are having this saline water intrusion is to a certain extent this is helping that one look into ridicule ridicule is having downstream of other moat vada basin you are having a malangara from that one this entire moat vada valley irrigation project is flooded under the khaki you are having your pamba valley you go to the chalakudi you are having tumbur mudi this chalakudi irrigation project is depending on this shalaya and puringal kutu reservoir just like that one that is an integrator reservoir operation so we will suffer use several times in kerala you are hearing that in go to shabarimala you do not have any water to actually taken bath in the this December period so at that time this case here reservoir reservoir is on the upstream I actually opened without generative power we are actually discharging there so this is a situation where and one another thing what we are noticing over the years that when kerala's average annual rainfall remains more or less constant from 1900 to this period for the last 100 years we are experiencing a particular phenomenon that the number of rainy days are actually getting shorter so you are having not a high rainfall but moderate small small spells previously it was evenly distributed that is actually getting skewed so if we are not storing this particular water and if this water is not there you are going to have a problem with forget about the power first your drinking water will be the bigger problem you are having now the number of rainy days are shortened approximately to 80 days the rest of the times the lean flow there is these rivers are not like genna or brahmaputra which receives the water during when the summer when the glaciers are melting this is these rivers are not perennial rivers you are getting only non perennial river you are having a problem there so these storages are very much essential so the decision makers has to take a call where you have to cut where you have to release the biggest allegation we are facing is that between two thousand nine hundred eighty you would have been decided you would have been actually started this control release or a trial run at two thousand three two three nine eight feet you could have been saved so much these people doesn't understand the data between two thousand nine eight and two thousand nine nine hardly diki reservoir can store point five tmc how much spill it has diki storage capacity is fifty one point five effective storage capacity grow storage capacity is seventy point five the spill water is more than thirty tmc so if i created point five tmc whether it will make any qualitative difference in the interior management system first question second question when the chief minister took a decision on the twenty ninth i attended that meeting we told that why we may decided to have a trial run because at that time the water was actually we had a first peak a heavy rainfall in the julie middle that actually created havoc in the kuttanadu we were slowly recovering from that one so when we are seeing that one at that time the diki was receiving an inflow of around twenty five thousand q6 when the cm was calling the meeting it was something around sixteen thousand after that when we are we were waiting for to reach something around two thousand three nine eight at that time it was something hovering between two thousand nine five and six i don't remember exactly but it is more or less there but when we decided to release do a trial run why we decided to do a trial run because this reservoir last opened in 1992 so much encouragement happened in the last twenty six years if we are opening this particular reservoir how the system is resilient so how many encouragement is there whether it will create problems for the people in the immediate downstream we decided to open that one but we seen from that day till eighth of august every day the rainfall was getting reduced reduced the water flow into sixteen thousand it becomes around three thousand seven hundred plus the inflow was reduced so at that time what we were doing we were actually generating power at mule metem powers and discharging this water so you if you look into the diki data that is in the public domain SLDC state load dispatch center published that one you can see that almost one week the water level in the diki is almost equal it was not fluctuating between one centimeter or two centimeters something like that suddenly rain happened on the ninth onwards but it was also slowly raising it's it's what happened uh what happened is actually reality is fifteen sixteen seventeen is entirely changed the scenario that is an uncontrollable flood you are it is a one in thousand year event i can say that some somebody saying it is some some we today i had a discussion with the some of the engineers and some agree with one in thousand year some agree say that okay we can tell to one in five hundred but that is small difference is there total rainfall event will be that will be something like fifty millimeter or something when you are going to the upper bound you are going to have a small difference is there so i am calling it as a one in thousand year flood which we had experienced something in nineteen twenty four there was lot of discussion is happening that imd is putting that this is one sixty four percentage of excess than whatever it is that doesn't make any sense sense is that when i am putting some weight on your head twenty five kg twenty five kg four some twenty days you will be able to you have no problem suddenly i put five hundred kg on your twenty five into twenty five hundred kg on your head your neck will break so just like that in the system system is having its own resilience you are if we are getting this type of rainfall for spanning for some ten days it would not be created any type of a flood it's a three days yeah it is a three days it is extremely can you believe that i am having the data i am having the data actually i can tell you that how much it is that is very interesting figure you will then know that how how severe this particular rain was because in three days in idki we got 576 millimeters of rainfall that is idki is used to get around the 2800 which is one sixth of the annual rainfall in four days we got 811 it is almost more than 30 35 percentage of the annual rainfall we are getting in idki happened within three four days in three days we had around the dot pamba you look into the khaki reservoir we had 915 millimeter rainfall in four days and it is around 690 millimeter in three days so the this is the situation kutiyadi that is in khalikat area khalikat area this kutiyadi reservoir where this khakai is very close that had recorded 954 millimeter you know that in ilambur when it was flooded there was 410 millimeter rainfall in a single day and idamalaya when you are reaching to the plains it was little bit reduced 644 in the peri air basically so another peculiarity of this particular rain was this is almost evenly spread all over kerala today i was sitting with the center water commission engineers and we are looking into that when we identified as there is a thoms i was peru medu there the three day was around 800 nobody can know system whatever system you put you have to open that system and they are really appreciating the effort that how we are managing the system so if you look at for instance the imd or the central water commission whether any steps they could have taken to provide better information no the problem is that imd also having certain limitations in these type of things there are different type of natural calamity if you are having an earthquake you are nobody is going to we never developed a technology to predict that one only only option with us is that to create structures resilient to actually withstand this particular type of a earthquake phenomena only the a natural calamity which will give you a lot of time for preparation and evacuation is the cyclones that you know from 7 to 10 days in advance at that time you can predict it with the 75 percent accuracy when it is crossing to your cost very close to 3 to 4 days before you will you are able to predict between 95 to 97 percent accuracy so you know the intensity of that one you know how which path it is going there so you can evacuate people and you can get preparation these type of extreme rainfall events hardly take for 3 to 4 3 to 5 hours to actually the the storm will actually get intensified then there is then you know that but this whether this time is sufficient for to create any type of a response I do not think that it is very difficult for any system in this type of a particular topography and this type of huge population density state is very difficult and if you look for instance at the question of say the release of dams also maybe could you take us through a small step by step a very brief step by step procedure of how things worked out there yeah we are basically we are what we have done there in 14 the bees seen that the rainfall is actually slowly intensifying we are created a system we are created a group to take decision we are actually we ensured a flow of information from all our dams because if you are looking into the Periyar Periyar is having the biggest development of dams I told you Periyar is having around 25 percent of that that river is in annual flow we are dam Pambha is not that much we do not have that much control over Pambha river but in Periyar we are having 14 dams by Kerala 2 dams by Tamil Nadu there are 2 vias by Kerala and one barrage by Kerala Kerala there is one via by Tamil Nadu that is a very this one and it is having different type of tributary in the main Periyar river you are having upstream one Mulla Periyar reservoir controlled by Tamil Nadu an uncertainty element nobody knows how much water they are going to release then they are released that is an uncertainty added into a very complex system of the Periyar then you are having a decree dam downstream which is having a capacity of around 1460 one of the biggest capacity the reservoir in Kerala below that one some people are saying that why did not you build a fill that lower Periyar reservoir there does not know that what is the capacity of lower Periyar and how it is managing how it is it is only having 4.5 every monsoon you see that from the June onwards it will be whenever there is a rain it will overflow this NAMI is only used for peak power generation because without creating any storage capacity is only a runoff of a scheme nobody in their right sensors will tell that then you are having a Fudhatan Gettu battery somebody was coming in the TV and there why you are actually filling not filling idemalaya reservoir idemalaya to fill the idemalaya reservoir is not in the course of the main river it is joining the Fudhatan Gettu from other side of a tributary that is upstream of that one if I want to fill idiki reservoir water to idemalaya I have to pump that water 200 to 300 feet from Fudhatan Gettu barrage kilometer and kilometer they do not understand the system second thing is you are having another group if you visited moon or you can see that there are we are having some we are having eight reservoirs one system is a beer so forget about that it is seven reservoir systems so that is kundala, martupati, senkulam, anirangal, punmudi, kalarguti and there is an r i head works this system is but this system is a widespread area this is one area where you had in 1924 flood this mudra pudai it is called that area entire road leading to kochin to moon or was washed away during the 1924 flood but there we are having very limited storage capacity when you are having 1460 in idiki it is having only 162 then you are having a small tributary called perinyan kutti which is actually joining between idiki and mudra pudai it is the water is coming to lower barrier but it is having only two diversions gives small wheels that does not have any storage facility at all then you are having the arm of idemalaya idemalaya is having two dams upstream one is one beer and one dam there is an upper nirar beer by tamizhwadi government and there is another one called lower nirar below that one you are idemalaya idemalaya is having a control you are having around 1000 mc of water there so this is a very integrated system so how we manage you see we ensured a flow of information we put all district collectors in the group all decision makers top decision makers from the revenue addition chief secretary he is the member secretary of the state disaster management and all these people were together and district collectors electricity board chairman all chief engineers who are actually dealing with the power of power generation all chief engineers in charge of the dams and all engineers who are actually manning on the site on this dam so we are getting flow of information and we were looking every hour we are looking that how this flow is changing so if we are feeling that when especially we are managing idemalaya idemalaya in a synchronized mode because if we are discharging that if we are looking into that particular system in isolation and I am not respecting the basin as a whole unit because the entire system of water is actually getting into the alloy coaching belt so I am seeing that whether my if I am releasing more sometimes I am releasing more idemalaya I will allow to go little bit up that time I want to reduce some water and I am creating some space in idiki so just like that we actually manage that one so so that was a very complex management every hour engineers were stressed to their minimum nobody was sleeping at all we people were hardly slept for three days there was nothing sleep 14 onwards till 17th I seen that my I was really surprised he is a administrator he is also taking the pain that he was actually in the group even two o'clock he sometimes I get sleepy second or third day I got sleepy then he is asking me that what is your suggestion about idiki because we are getting so many people are saying so many things so they are getting suggestion from people and they are taking quick decision without considering because our chief minister when he made a review on 29th he given us that okay this is situation now it is your choice I will you do what situation demands right don't come back to me for every single decision so he given the freedom to professionally manage the two he knows that the political decision will be taken at the that level after that it is our job to manage this one we think that we are we are not going to face this in our lifetime we actually everybody rose to that occasion and they manage at their they were stressed to their limited some people actually had in Pamba sorry Kaki and Sholaya areas they had you know people were actually standard their engineers were standard therefore without food for two to three days but they were not they are still managing they are getting we are actually messaging them through some other means they are getting luckily in Kerala most of the if you go to any remote place also you will get a cell connectivity there only for a couple of hours ridicule or standard cell phone problem because of the flooding and other thing otherwise we were getting flow of information was there assured but one big lesson I am letting that now we are having satellite phones and other things so we will but put a give to these type of people who are there right at the stations thank you so much thank you that's all we have time for new script thank you


This presentation is going to cover this section on lesson planning, and what we're going to do is to have a look as to why we go about planning a lesson, what do we actually put in it, we'll create an empty lesson plan pro forma, and then having done that, what we'll do is to fill in that lesson plan for a particular teaching point. So our starting position is going to be why do we plan lessons at all. There are a number of reasons why we mynd i bwysig y ysgol ymlaen. The first and foremost, perhaps, is that it's going to create a logical sequence for our lessons. If we didn't have a lesson plan, it is quite possible that we could go all over the place and it would become confusing for the students. By having this plan, what we've created is a structure that we can work from. So in effect, the lesson plan itself is a working document, then we can refer to it at various times in the lesson, if we're never quite sure what we're supposed to be doing next, we can just take a quick look at our plan and it tells us where we should be going. Another important reason for planning your lessons out is that it creates a record, a document of what has actually been taught and this can be very useful if wherever questioned as to whether we've covered the syllabus in all its details, then we've got this lesson plan that shows that that has been done. The final reason, the main reason why we plan a lesson is that it can be used for someone to cover your lesson, for example if you created your lesson plans for your next week and for some reason you can't get into work then somebody else could use your lesson plan to make sure that the students don't lose their sequence of lessons. So these are some of the reasons why we plan a lesson, what do we actually put onto that plan. Basically there are two areas that we need to cover on our lesson plan in order for somebody else to be able to take that plan and adequately cover our lesson. Firstly we need to put some general information about the class that is being taught, so how many people are going to be there and so on and so forth, and secondly what should happen during the actual lesson. So what does our lesson plan actually look like? So let's have a go at creating a lesson planning document. So the document itself needs to contain some general information about the class, for example the name of the teacher, the date and time of the lesson, what level of class is being taught and in what room, how many students are we expecting, this is important when we've got things like photocopying and materials to do, what is the context of the lesson, in other words what is the lesson actually about, what vocabulary or grammar point is this lesson covering, and sometimes it's also useful to write out what the focus of the lesson is. So in effect the context of the lesson is telling us the grammar point, for example that might be the present continuous tense, whereas the focus is telling us how we're going to go about teaching it. Another example to illustrate this, let's imagine that we were teaching a starter class about colour, then our focus could be the way in which we're going to teach them about colour, so we could be using clothes or we could be using fruit and vegetables. So here the context would be colour and the focus would be fruit, vegetables, clothes or whatever. Then we have a set of objectives and aims, here the learner objectives relate to what we're hoping the students are going to be able to do by the end of your lesson, and quite often that can be a useful way of writing out what the objectives are. So we would start the sentence, by the end of the lesson the students should be able to and then a list of two, three or four items that we're expecting the students to be able to do by completing this lesson. The learner objectives are different to the teacher aims, the teacher aims are what you are expecting from that lesson itself. Now when you first start teaching quite a normal aim might be to complete the lesson successfully to get through the whole thing without having any problems. As time goes on and you become more experienced then what you would expect is that these teacher aims become more and more specific. So some examples of things that might be in your aims here might be things like to improve my board work, to increase student talk time, and to reduce teacher talk time and so on and so forth. The next section is going to relate to what we might call anticipated problems, and they'll be anticipated problems for both our students and for ourselves. The types of problems that we may anticipate from our students is that they will have difficulties with pronunciation, they may have difficulties with the level of the grammar and being able to put it into context and so on and so forth. Anticipated problems for ourselves, types of problems that we can put in here would be things like making sure that we stick to the plan, making sure that the focus of the lesson is maintained throughout the whole lesson and so on and so forth. So a set of problems, anticipated problems for the teacher and for the students. Now because this is part of the planning process, if we've anticipated problems then it's fairly reasonable to assume that we thought about what we can do if those problems do occur. So one of the examples we had here was that we were anticipating problems with their pronunciation. So a solution to that problem would be to do some form of drilling to help them with the pronunciation problem. One of the problems we had with the anticipated problems with the teacher was that we wanted to make sure that the lesson flows smoothly and so we need to refer to our plan throughout the lesson. Now this doesn't mean that we stand with a piece of paper in our hands, that doesn't generate any confidence from our students whatsoever, but there's no reason at all why we shouldn't have a set of bullet points on a piece of paper on the desk in front of us that every now and again we can just refer to quickly to make sure that we're following our plan in sequence. So these are some of the things that might be on our lesson plan. What we're going to do now is to fill out an actual lesson plan using this particular form. Okay so we're going to use this pro forma as our lesson plan and we're going to fill one out as though we were planning for an actual lesson. So we start off with some basic information about the class, so the name of the teacher, date and time and the class level. In this particular case our class is going to be an elementary class and the room, the room three. Having looked through the registers we see that the expected number of students for this particular class is going to 10. This will help us in creating our worksheet copies. The context of the lesson for this class is going to be present continuous tense and it may well be the first time that this particular level of class has been introduced to this tense. So our focus is going to be fairly general and it's going to look at actions that are happening around now. The teaching aids is basically anything that we bring to the lesson that will help us to teach it. So we know that in our study phase we're going to be using some worksheets and during the activate phase we're going to be doing an activate activity. So here you can fill in worksheets and activate activity. Then we've got our learner objectives and personal aims. If you remember the learner objectives are what we are hoping the students are going to be able to do after the lesson has been taught. So we're hoping that by the end of this lesson the students are going to be able to both recognise and to be able to use the present continuous tense. The personal aims for my particular lesson are that I'm going to improve upon a couple of things which are both my board work and my elicitation techniques from the students. A couple of anticipated problems for the students pronunciation first of all and secondly using the present continuous tense in a real context. Anticipated problems for the teacher. I'm afraid that I may get drawn away from the actual lesson plan itself so following the sequence of the lesson and the solutions to both of these for pronunciation as we've mentioned would be drilling and for the students using the tense in context that would be part of our activate activity and one of the things I can make sure that they can do to overcome this particular problem is to have a strong study phase. By having that strong study phase I can check that the students do understand this particular tense and its context before they actually try to use it. For the anticipated problems for the teacher following the sequence of the lesson again is to have my plan available throughout the lesson. So now we're going to fill the actual procedure of the lesson plan out itself. We mentioned at the start the first thing we do is to get some general information about the class that we'll be teaching and then in order for someone to be able to cover our lesson we need to present enough information in our lesson plan that they can actually carry it out. What I'm going to do is for each stage of the lesson I'll indicate what I'm going to do in the lesson and then we'll cut away from that to have a look to see how that will actually be achieved. So our lesson is going to be based on a 45 minute lesson and the first phase is going to be the engage phase and it's going to be a straight arrow ESA lesson. I'm going to take approximately five minutes on my engage phase and in the interaction box what I'm going to do is to put down what I think is going to be the major overall interaction during that particular part of the lesson. There are three choices that we can use in this particular one. Either the students will be talking mainly to the teacher, the teacher will be talking mainly to the students or the students will be talking to each other. For my particular plan the students on the whole will be talking to me. So what am I going to do in my engage phase? I'm going to ask the question what are you doing right now to generate the subject verb agreements between a number of different subjects and their verbs. So to cut away from that if we imagine that we went around the class asking various people what are you doing right now then we may generate some sentences that could possibly look like this. So John says I am listening to you. Kate says I am sitting. What I can then do is to ask another member of the class okay what is John doing but you can't use his name. So I may get the answer and what is Kate doing and you cannot use her name. What I could then ask the students is okay could you give me another example of using this with somebody else and I can then ask them what are both Kate and this other person doing without using their names. So I get an answer like that. So ask the question what are you doing right now and I get a number of subject and verb agreements for that particular thing using these sets of verbs here and we can then move on from that to the study phase. For the first part of my study phase is going to be the board work and I'm going to use the information that I generated in the elicitation part of my engage phase to move on to the actual board work. What I'm going to do is to show the structure of this particular tense. So the phase is study. I'm expecting to take about 10 minutes on this particular part and again the interaction will mainly be the students talking to me. So how am I going to achieve that with this information? Well we could ask the students to have a look at the sentences themselves and to tell us what they can see. If we look at each of the first words in here then at this level I should hopefully be able to elicit from my students what each of these words have in common and they may well give an answer that each of those words is actually a subject. What I can then do is to elicit those subjects that are not already here for example we and it and those subjects are followed by this second word am is and are and we should be able to elicit from our students that each of those words have something in common in the English language which are they are each of the verb be. Finally we can look at the third word in each of these and find out what they have got in common and the most obvious thing that they have in common despite some spelling changes is that they end up with ing. The thing that goes before those ings is some form of verb to sit to listen and so on and so forth. And so the third word is the verb plus ing. So in this way I'm showing the structure of the present continuous tense in the form of this model subject plus verb be plus the verb ing. So having elicited this particular structure what I'm now able to do is to move on to the actual study activities. Typically they will be in the form of worksheets to check that the students actually understand this information. So I might prepare three activities they may not do them all but for example I could prepare these three study activities so their first one is going to be a fairly straightforward matching activity where perhaps they match the subject to its correct verb to be in that part of the sentence. The second one is going to be a gap fill for example I might use this verb here and ask them to complete a sentence using that verb so that I can check that any spelling changes that take place are correct and the final one is going to be an unscramble where each of the sentences themselves are put into the wrong order and they have to recreate the correct order following this particular structure. So the activate activity is going to try to get the students to use this particular present continuous tense in a realistic setting. Let's assume that we used five minutes up during our engage phase ten minutes for our board work study another ten minutes for them to do the study activities that we mentioned then that would leave us with about 25 minutes for this particular phase. One of the reasons why there is such a long period for this particular part of the lesson is that it's when the students are actually going to be talking to each other using a language in a realistic way so our interaction is mainly going to be student to student and then they will feedback that information to us in completion of the task so it will also be student to the teacher. This particular activate activity has to be something that will allow the students to use the language in a realistic way. So an example here each student is going to get an activity picture card and on there will just be a simple cartoon type picture showing some form of action taking place so for example it may show show someone fishing it may show someone playing football and so on and so forth. They're also going to get a questionnaire and on that questionnaire there's going to be two questions that they're going to ask each of each other what is your name and what are you doing right now and each student will get up and it will be a mildrial process where they find out the person's name and what they're doing right now. What each student will report back is the picture that they have what activity is it showing and so for example they will say I am playing football or I am cooking a meal and so on and so forth. What we could do here is get the students either to write it in that way or they can use the person's name so John is playing football or Kate is cooking and so on and so forth and the students will then feedback those results to the class in the form of sentences. Just to finish off this particular section on lesson planning we're going to go through a couple of procedures that should take place during the study phase periods particularly when we're doing the activities. It is quite important that before we actually go into a study activity that we go through a process of showing how that activity is going to work and one acronym that is often used for this is DEGO. The D part of this stands for a demonstration of the activity. Now it's very important that you don't try to explain how the activity is going to work but rather you actually demonstrate the process. An example of the demonstration of the process of the activity could be something as simple as taking the first question and using it and writing it on the board. This will show the students what it is that they're actually going to do. Having demonstrated the process of the activity you need to make sure that the students can answer that question and so we elicit a correct answer for that particular question. Having done that we can then give out the material. If we've gone through this DEGO process correctly there shouldn't be any reason for the teacher to actually say anything else whilst the activity is taking place. The students should be working through the activity talking to each other and that then frees the teacher up to actually do some other things. Whilst the activity is taking place you as the teacher can actually monitor what is going on. Well what do we actually do whilst this monitoring is taking place? You can actually go around the class whilst you're doing this however it's very important that you don't stop the students from working. So monitor from a distance so that you're not actually interrupting anyone and some of the things that you can be noting down whilst you're monitoring is their progress. It's useful to monitor their progress because once the activity has been stopped you're then going to feed back their answers and it's important that you know who has done what. You don't want to be asking a particular group for their answers to question 7 if they haven't completed it. So check to see what their progress is ready for when you get to the feedback. As you go around you should be able to pick up on some common errors either in what is being said or in what is being written down and again leave that until the feedback stage in order to be able to cover it. So you need to monitor the students. Before you get to the process of feedback it's very important that you actually close the activity to make sure that nobody is still working whilst these answers are being given back. So settle everyone down make sure that they're all paying attention and you can then start to feedback the answers. As you feedback hopefully most of our answers or all of our answers will be correct but we are going to get some errors and mistakes. If those errors and mistakes take place then they need to be corrected. When our answers are not correct then obviously they need to be corrected but it is quite important that we go through a process of correction that will help the students. Quite often they've made a mistake simply because of something like reading the incorrect answer out or misrepresenting what they've actually written down so always give the opportunity when a mistake has been made for the student to self-correct first. We can often do this in a non-verbal way to show them that they're not actually correct. We might repeat back what they've said to us in a questioning manner or we may just make a gesture to make sure that they understand that they're not correct. So we allow for a process of self-correction. It may be that the student has actually got the answer wrong and so we move on from there. Is there somebody in the class who can give us the correct answer so moving on to peer correction? Again it may be possible that it's not we're not able to get the correct answer from anybody in the class and then we can step in as the teacher so the teacher will correct. So we actually go through a process of allowing them to correct themselves if possible. If they can't can one of their peers correct them and if they can't the teacher corrects. It is important that we go through this process and that we don't just immediately go into teacher correction. John, no that's wrong, the answer is x, y or z. Try to allow this process to take place. In conclusion to this particular presentation we thought about how we can go about planning an individual ESA lesson plan. Obviously when we're teaching we're going to be needing to plan for every day or every other couple of days with any particular class. So we have to create a sequence of lessons. Just a couple of things to consider when you're doing your lesson planning for a sequence. Firstly what are the goals or the aims of this particular course that you're teaching? Does it lead to an examination? Is there a particular syllabus that you have to cover and is there a particular route through that syllabus? So when you're planning a sequence of lessons have a look at what the students are supposed to be able to be able to do by the end of your course in terms of the syllabus and any examination that's taking place. Whilst we may be working towards some particular end it is important that when the planning a sequence of lessons that we remain flexible. In other words can we adjust that sequence to their needs? We may say that I'm planning two particular lessons on the present continuous but the students are finding difficulty with it. Is it possible within your sequencing to allow for three or maybe even four lessons and will that still fit into the overall scheme of things? Finally it's important to add some variety into the teaching and quite often within all of these requirements there will be the actual skills that the students have to pick up and those will be the productive skills and receptive skills so make sure that all the elements of speaking, writing, reading and listening are covered in your overall sequence of lessons. So what we've covered here is the reasons why we plan how to go about planning, what should actually be inside it and we've also covered an actual lesson plan to show you how it's filled out. Hopefully by planning your lessons you will give yourself a clearer focus as to where your classes are going and it will present much more straightforward classes to your students.