only two disclaimers before we embark on a massive journey. Maybe the longest video I've ever posted. This video idea I got from Kenny Beachham, King of the Fourth Quarter. Big thanks to him, this idea. I wanted to put a football spin on it. Number two, if you like this video and you want to see the basketball version, check his out. I'll link it in the description. Disclaimer number two. I'm put in a minor creative box by Electronic Arts. Big shocker here. EA did two things recently. Number one, they took down the servers, the online servers for Madden 25, which is basically Madden 14, Madden 15, Madden 16, and Madden 17. So my main goal was actually to play Madden Ultimate Team on every Madden. I thought it'd be so cool if I go back to like Madden 25 and open some packs, but not an option. I believe that the Tom Brady Madden is the first Madden I can actually play online. So we're going to get creative. The only other thing is the furthest Madden I can go back right now is Madden 14. I do not have the capabilities to get Madden 13. That's when it cuts off into the realm of not on the Microsoft Store. If you guys really like this video though, I will go through the incredibly tedious process of finding Madden 0809 10 11 12 13 could be fun. The first one that we can do is Madden's 25th anniversary, the Adrian Peterson cover. This is the equivalent of Madden 14 EA sports Madden 25. Is it crazy to think that Adrian Peterson is now a Detroit lion? Yeah, two touchdowns last week as I'm recording this fire. It says continue play now. Your last play now game was saved automatically. I don't remember when I did that. Now if you take a gander, this ultimate team is actually awesome.  They're just gone. I can look at my starting lineup. I never personally played Madden 25. So I'm rocking Anthony Sherman, Adrian Peterson, five guys I've literally never heard of. Let's see my past offense. I do have Calvin Johnson. I think this is my favorite of these lines. AJ Green, love to see that. His name is Hakim Nix, right? That's who this is. Rob Gronkowski and Aaron Rodgers, honestly to be. Yeah, so that's all I can do. Certainly I can't even play solo challenges with my team either. So we're in a bit of a box. I'm Madden 25. No huge surprise here though. This is something really cool they used to have. It was a fantasy football manager from within Madden. So if you had an NFL.com fantasy football team, you could manage your team from within playing Madden. I would use that so much if they still had it. Really cool. Wait, let's look at all the rosters first. The Ravens best player at the time is Justin Tucker Marshall Yanda. I cannot forget that guy. 95 overall. Alody Nada also a stud. Sam Cock. I know that's not how you say it. Ray Rice. I might just be, dude, I might just be the Ravens. I can run around. Ray Rice. I remember in the season after this is when they made him like half back number 27 or something because they took him out of the game. Redskins, Brian Arrakpo. Ah, they're still the Redskins. Ah, Trent Williams, Brian Arrakpo. Drew Brees, Thomas Morstead, Jimmy Graham. This is a God squad Seahawks team. Richard Sherman. I think I'm going to be the Seahawks. I can run on Marshall Lynch. Camp Chancellor, Earl Thomas, Russell Wilson. This team, dude, this team was so awesome. Palomalu is in this game. Ben Rothesberger still a very young, very young Antonio Brown. JJ Watt, Arian Foster. 99 overall. Adrian Peterson on the Vikings. Here's all the 99s on Madden 25. Jamal Charles, Calvin Johnson, Megatron Yagata, Adrian Peterson, Richard Sherman, JJ Watt, and Rob Gronkowski. McAfee! Hey, McAfee's a 97. That's so badass. All right, I'm going to run a skills trainer with the Seahawks. Nah, I'm going to deal with the Vikings. Adrian Peterson's on the cover. I can use Marshall on Lynch and Madden 15 because the Seahawks are on the cover there. This is actually so exciting. I can't believe I haven't done this video before. Let's do some running drills. Use acceleration burst by pressing RT and score a touchdown.  I'll be honest, I've never played this Madden before, but... So they did not even have the gauntlet in Madden 25. It's showing the John Madden Football 93. Yeah, sorry, boys. I can't show you gameplay from that Madden right there.  What are the Canton Greats and the franchise all 25? I never played this Madden. What is this? Wait, this looks so sick. Don't tell me they actually have historic teams on this Madden. They don't even have that today. There is no way. That's what this is. I can do a snow game, baby. In the franchise 25 stadium. What is this? I'm so excited. What is this? Oakland Coliseum. Aerial coverage by Snickers. Look at John Madden, bro. He looks like such a clone. Dude, we literally don't even have this in Madden 21. Devin Hester. Devin Hester's the kick returner. He breaks one.  I don't know how to play this very well, but... So we got Brian Finneran, Megatron, Marshall Falk, Antonio Gates, Randy Moss. All right, let's see what gets open here, baby. Antonio Gates. There is no possession, rack or aggressive catch. I just went to rack catch that. It doesn't matter what Madden it is, man. I'm stuck here in five line. Oh, that snow is bright. I'm not going to lie. It's kind of tough with these white unis. I didn't think this out very well. Antonio Gates. Huge catch. Where is he going to throw? And he caught Montana's lights out. I tried to lurk Steve Large, and it didn't work. And he... Dude, did I make them too good? I'm getting ran.  We're on the classic. I'm going to be looking for Marshall Falk here if he's open. Oh, go. I'm so bad. Dude, I literally have Michael Vick. He has Montana. I should be fine. Go Michael Vick through that. That's what I needed. All right, we're looking for Ranny Moss. Oh, A is wide open. Where are you? I know that too. Oh my God. I don't know what I did, but I'm getting a ran. Let's see if Marshall Falk gets open here. He looks pretty open. Let's go. Give me some blocks, baby. Let's go. Marshall Falk. Oh, why did I make them so good? Excellent, excellent throw though. I'm going to look for Megatron coming across. Let's see what happens here. I'm just going to take off Mike Vick. That's going to be a touchdown. Let's go. Got in. All right. This is a huge stop, 3rd and 5th. It's a pass. Throws underneath. No, they could choose so much clock now. That is such a bummer. All right, we're going straight verticals, but I don't play in the game. I can't win, but it would still be cool to get this. Chris Carter has come in. Looks like some of the boys are getting tired. I don't know if it's there, but go up. Just moss someone. I'm just a little too late. It's kind of dope though. Okay.  The play of the game was Steve Largent breaking this tackle. Dude, I made the computer too good. I'm not kidding. They were hoeing me. That was hype though. That was a lot of fun. Madden 25 in the books. Let's head on to Madden 15. Madden 15. The Richard Sherman cover. When I got into Madden mobile this right here, it's just iconic. This just gets me going. The Legion of boom. Madden 15. So much nostalgia. It's painful. I think this is when the gauntlet was introduced. I'm not 100% sure. I feel like I remember grinding the gauntlet on Madden mobile, but that could have been the year after this. I'm going to go is to see hugs. The gauntlet. I was right. Oh dude. Honestly, this feels so much better. Wait, do I have infinite time here? Dot. Oh, do you guys remember doing this on Madden mobile?  Where are you going? Where are you going? Eddie Lacy, I think. Oh, do you guys remember this? The super kicks. Boss hurricane kick. Oh boy. Lots of wind here. Lots of wind. All right. We're going to ease.  I hit it with no power because I'm a clown. Wait, did I still make that? I still made it. I didn't realize you didn't need to. Okay. I got a life back. Let's go. Player lock.    Damn it, Eddie Lacy. You're so obese. Let's go. I did that horribly, but it worked. Oh, look at all the boys. But watch me bully this man. Get them out of here. Give me those cheeks, Aaron Rodgers. I want your cheeks so bad. Entourage. I love this one is hard, but I think we can do it especially with Marchion Lynch. Give me those blocks, boys. Give me those blocks, boys. Damn it. We ran somebody over too, but I got tripped up. All right. All right. Let's let the block set up. Let's be smart. Let's be smart. Let those blocks set up. Yep. Marchion. That's all you need. You just need one broken tackle. Marchion is a god in this. Let's go. We got it off. I only have two lives left though. So I got to be, I got to be on target. I got to throw a bullet to A. Easy. Ooh, I got to defend against a goal line touchdown. If you run it with Eddie Lacy, you're not getting it. Okay. Where are you going to go, Aaron Rodgers? Where are you going to go? Score touchdown in the play and make sure you special moves, especially jukes. Am I really going to juke here? I feel like I should be trucking. I'll go with the jook. All right. One pair of ankles down another. Oh, broken. I picked the right team for this. Let's go. For some reason, I thought you get an extra life when you complete the bosses, but I'm totally wrong about that.  This is my last chance. I have to throw the lob and complete it. I'm going to throw it. Oh, beautiful. Gala to 16 on my first attempt. Not bad. Third and five. Get a first down facing pressure in your end zone. I'm throwing these routes as if this is Madden 21 and I don't know if that's going to work, but we'll give it a go. Ah, he's not open.  And that's all she wrote for Madden 15. Gala complete. I got 16 points. That's not bad. Yeah. Sorry. I really wish I could go like do ultimate team head to head, but it's not an option on here. So we're going to have to call it for this one. Madden 16. This is the Odell Madden. I think if you like counted Madden mobile, I probably played eight to 10 hours of Madden 16 every single day of my life this year. That's not a joke at all. The addiction was on a whole nother planet. You know what this might let me do? I think this is going to let me draft, but I can't play online because I know that the online servers are off for this game. Let's see what happens if I try to do a head to head draft. It's actually going to let me draft. Oh my God. Madden 16 was the first Madden to ever allow draft champions. This was the coolest thing ever when this came out. We were so geeked about this. Luckily I can still actually draft. That's really good. But after this draft, I will not be able to draft again.  Going to start out here with Glover Quinn. By the way, if you don't remember this draft champions, this is when there was nothing at all guaranteed in your draft. If you never got a quarterback, you'd never get a quarterback.  They give you like guaranteed corner, halfback, wide receiver, quarterback, everything.  Also, this is when golds were 84 and under and they would have insane stats. Look at this. That is a gold, the Sean McCoy, who's probably like 2000 coins on the auction house, 98 juke move, 99 agility. And that came out day one. That's so badass. And honestly, I'm actually going to take that because there's no guarantee that I'm getting a half back here. Hey, I didn't even see this 97 Jordy Nelson. And our final round. I think it is a legend or no. This is 14 of 15. We get a Brock Osweiler. I do have a quarterback. Ladies and gentlemen, our final round is a legend round. Oh, Charles Woodson. Gotta bro. Gotta. And 84 overall draft as if I recall correctly is pretty damn good draft. I can't use this lineup anyway. I'll try. I guess I'll queue up. Let's see what happens. Oh, we did it. What? Dude, I played Carol Baskin. Obviously. I mean, maybe it is. Maybe Carol Baskin's a big packersman.  Every single thing that I looked up said that Madden 16 servers got taken offline. And now I am in a head to head draft champions. Yo, I get to use my Jordy Nelson. I will say I got a solid team for this. Also, this is the year that rack possession and aggressive catch were added.   So let's just test it out.  What am I telling you, dude?  Like, I think the reason they did this is because this is the year that Odell made his insane catch, right? That was five years ago, which is crazy. So I think their goal was like, oh, well, Odell made that amazing catch. Let's like make stuff like that possible in Madden.  This is so frustrating. Imagine playing against that dude. All right. He's in a goal line set. We're going to bring this back to the left side and we should get the blocks for this. We kind of did. I mean, it's a touchdown. So let's go. Finally, I get to play online. This is so exciting. Two point conversion. LaShawn McCoy's got a big hole. No, never mind. That hole was gaping. That was a wide gaping hole. There's nothing I love better than seeing a wide gaping hole that I can fill, but it just didn't work. We're going to play this underneath, boys. Oh, he's going to, he's going underneath. Let's go. Glover Quinn. Oh, good delivery. Does he go deep?  No lie. Oh, Glover Quinn is slow. Damn. I'm just going to hit Jordy underneath here. There he is. Beautiful. Jordy Nelson, 12 yards. I like that. I think this is when slip screens started being bad in Madden. We're going to find out though with LaShawn McCoy right now. He is a D-line user, so he might see it. Oh my God. He saw it, but LaShawn McCoy broke the tackle and 99 juke move doesn't do me much. How to score touchdowns in Madden 16? Step one, snap the ball. Step two, press any button. Step three, hold Y. I really thought that I had that. I'm going to try that again, except possession catch if it's not covered. A. I know now we go aggressive. This was not the peak of Madden gameplay. It was very fun for bad players who's infuriating for good players.  There's a pitch. Are you running a pitch play? No. A little play of action. Damn. The catch was nasty, although I don't know why I downed him. We're not getting to the QB at all right now. That's tough. All right. He throws Charles Woodson. Charles Woodson just got blocked so bad if he is going to show boat into the end zone. All right, my guy. I'm just going to bomb it up. Did you already know? This is my best odds here. This game is so broken. It's not so broken.  You literally, you can't stop me from doing this.  I just got all the way down the field doing nothing. I bet you I could get a base halfback dive to work here. This is a wing slot halfback dive. I run this in Madden 21 all the time, and it's still shmoney touchdown. Ooh, five wide. The Sahas. I respect that except. I use it that so well. I knew I was going to do it, and I still didn't get it. Is this the fullback dive? I knew it, but there's not much I can do. Third and goal. This is tough. It is. It is. Guess the run. Guess the run. We know. Oh, I hit him in the backfield. Damn it. Well, short spiel. Okay, good roll out. Great throw to Jordy Nelson. And he scored touchdown with no time left. That's how we win this ball game. First in 10, sending him deep. Yes, sir. LaShawn McCoy. I can't score. I can't score here. He knew if I scored there, he has way too much time to get down that field. He's going to call a quick timeout. Great catch to Sean McCoy. This is intense, dude. Let's just get in a halfback stretch. We're going to switch this to halfback dive, and we really need this first down. 19, 18. Ah, maybe with 18 left. No, no. Yes. LaShawn McCoy. Now LaShawn McCoy, can you take this to the edge? He thinks it's going up the middle. It ain't. Get to that edge, baby, and secure the game. He quit. He's going to rage quit. I'm Madden 16. That was so high. Madden 16 with a down to the wire clutch dive. Let's head on to Madden 17. Madden 17, the Rob Gronkowski edition. He looks like a serial killer. Like Madden 16 ran smoother. Madden 17.  I can't even click anything right now. Ah, let me try clicking Ultimate Team to see what happens. This was the first ever year of Wheel of Mutt, by the way. I did it at like the end of Madden 17. I started Wheel of Mutt. I think I had like eight episodes. I think. Don't quote me on that. It might have been Madden 18, 17. I can't even get into Ultimate Team on this one. Damn. All right, so I'm going to start a player friend draft just so you guys can see what Madden 17 draft champions was like. Hey, I'm starting to hate. Oh my God. See me there? Oh, you know we got to go. The Frozen Stafford. Go some Madden Stafford. I don't remember that card very well. Hey, why am I getting so much hate? Yeah. Oh, Joe Sink. I can't even use the team, dude. I don't have a single friend who has Madden 17. I promise you that. Damn. Oh my God. 96 Brian Belaga. That was positional heroes. You guys remember that promo? Get another elite round. The Harvest Orion Shazir. I don't need the Shazir, do I? Yeah. Let's go, Joe Hayden. Okay. Okay. 12 of 15 is another elite round. Mark, you are not guaranteed elite rounds in this. That's why I'm so pumped. Oh, dude. That card you just saw. Motivators. Olivier Vernon is what that was. Motivators was this promo where every player would increase a stat of all the rest of players on your team is so sick. There is a Motivators, Aaron Donald, who gave plus two blocks shed to your whole team. It was so sick. Like, complete. I always wish that they brought that promo back. They've never brought it back into Madden since.  We get signature series Delaney Walker, and I don't have free safety. Beautiful.  I just got an 87 overall draft. Team of the Year, Dominique Gadjikmardi. Team of the Year, Bob Sanders, and pushing us through an 87 is the 94. That is an insane. This is an insane overall draft. I'm not even kidding. We just got an 87 overall that I can't use. That's so frustrating. It happened in Madden 16. Maybe I will find someone to play against in Madden 17. We are an hour 45 into the recording doing pretty good on pace. I sit at slam of water every hour, so. Zayn to the rescue. I don't know if you guys know this guy, but Zayn is like one of my most OG subscribers. He has Madden 17, and we're gonna play. Zayn, you've deserted me in a video for a long time, so I'm excited. So we got Gurley, Stafford, Ocho, Sinka. Damn. You know what? I'm glad I took this job. Seriously, too. Yeah, so we fun. Did I make a good decision? Maybe I did. This Mario is nasty. Team of the Week, Marcus Mario. What else do we got? I made a great decision. Adrian Peterson, Pro Bowl legend. That's what that is right there. It's a Pro Bowl legend card. We get 96. Plus it. Dude, I made such a good decision. BCAA. I missed this promo, dude. The BCAA promo was so cool. 95, right? Tackle Jeremy Parnell. Or do we take Jordy? Nah, dude, we got that Adrian Peterson. We got to stack the O-line. What do we got? Another elite round. Dude, I'm killing it on the drafts right now. Well, go Travis Kelsey. Bobby McCain. What do we got? I remember this. The Tuesday night draft. I like Ansem, but Bruce Matthews, dude. I have a nasty offensive right here. Am I gonna get an 87 draft? Dude, I can get an 88 draft, bro. I can actually get an 88 draft here. All of these guys take me to an 86. Dude, I'm gonna gamble. I'm gonna go in eight solders. Hopefully I get another middle linebacker. We got 87 right here. Left outside linebacker. That'll work. That's gonna boost my overall. That'll absolutely work. Nigel, we could get the 88. I need a beast-ass legend up here. Eric Berry, Bob Senors, and Odell. Eric Berry takes me to an 88. And so does Odell. I gotta take the Odell, bro. The team of the year. Odell Beckham Jr. And we build an 88 overall draft. All right. I gotta invite Zane now. I have been here for 45 minutes. This has been so tough. I can't do my play a friend draft. It's not working. Well, me and Nick, one of my OG stud subscribers, I love you, dude. Your stud. What we're gonna do is we're gonna load up at the same time. I'm gonna use my head-to-head draft team right here. The Danny and Thomas and Brett Farr, Herman Moore. Really good defense. Not so awesome offense, but we'll give it a go. We're gonna try and load up head-to-head at the same time. Okay. Me and Nick literally just started our search at the exact same time, both on Xbox. Dude, what happened in Madden 16? Because I knew that 15, 16, and 17 servers went down. Somehow we broke the game in Madden 16. This isn't gonna let us play, even though we're both queuing up.  All right. Well, that was a wash. It just felt like an actual hour. It is what it is, baby. All right. Well, I think I'm gonna go back into the gauntlet then. Look at this. The Cowboys are at 91 overall. Why not, dude? Why not? Do they have Zeke? My high score is 13. I can easily beat that. Ooh. Look at this. I'm playing a gigantic Giants of Event. Complete a pass for a first time. Oh, we have Cole Beasley. I forgot about that. Ah, okay. Come on. Damn it. He didn't catch it. Bum. All right. Run the stick concept and pass to the A receiver. That I can do. Jason Witt. Back to the Oklahoma, baby, but we're on the other side of the stick this time. Easy reads. Desbrion, bro. Dude, Desbrion just quit on the Raven. Something like that.  I was supposed to lob pass.  Sometimes I literally just don't read it. All right. Let's lob this up, Deck. Go get it, Des. Let's go. Just got to complete a pass. That's all. Let's just dot up that corner out, baby. Ooh. We got to score the touchdown with time. 10. Oh, I think I took the wrong path. I don't think you can make it with this path. Maybe you can. Four, three, two, one. Go. Got it. Dude, I wonder if that celebration got it. Extra live challenge. Run through the hotspot. You have to run through both or just one. I think I just run through one. All right. Toss me a block here. Let's get a juke. Okay. All right. Well, we got an extra life there. Prevent a touchdown. Amir Abdullah. No way. That's the line's run game for you right there. Start of the B receiver.  I got six slides left. I'm on level seven. Prevent a touchdown. I literally drank water the entire time. Sweet. Hack out. We're going to bring it to this side. Excellent blocking. Gentlemen, incoming boss, the flying V. Avoid the hotspot to score a touchdown without getting tackled or going out of bounds. Let's see it, Zeke. Toss me some blocks, gentlemen. Toss me some blocks, gentlemen. Excellent blocking. We're going to get downfield and we are going to get a touchdown. Let's go, Zeke. Outside zone. Get a first down. I can do that much. I can do that much. Wow. We are killing it right now. Just get a touchdown on my own terms here. Let's run it, dude. The run game is, well, I spoke way too soon. All right. Did not get that touchdown. Third and three get a touchdown. All right. I can do that. Oh, wait. It's the same thing. Oh, so do I do this until I complete it? Let's try Zeke on a wheel route. Ah, it's not there, but B is open. What a throw. Deck press count. Oh my God. Verticals. Do I just make the read here? I certainly know how to throw verticals. I'll tell you that. New high score here. Let's go, Zeke. Got him. Got him. Oh my God. Another boss battle. Oh, this is a good one. I love this one. Score a touchdown. Okay.  Dude, I don't even have to do, I don't have to use a single juke move. There's, is there difficulties to this that I put it on like rookie mode? What was that? Sean Lee. Ah, get off the block. Damn it. Thank you. Oh, okay. You can just throw a pick. My extra power out. Do I need a first down or just a completion? Why don't we just get both? Dude, I'm cooking this gauntlet. Let's get another first down here. Easy. Cole Beasley. Oh, win the tackle battle.  Oh, attempt ignored. Didn't trigger. Oh, so that didn't count. Is this the thing where whoever presses the button quicker breaks the tackle? Let me walk right into him. Yup. That's what it was. I forgot about that. Score a touchdown on the play. It's a trick play. Let's see if it's there. I think this is the shovel pass to Jaten. Wow. Dude, we're just getting like insane blocks. I don't remember the gauntlet being this easy. Hard seven and seven cover one. Complete a pass for first down before time runs out. Should be Y middle of the field. Super hard chest. Complete a pass for first down against the big boys. I can't hot route anyone.  Oh, okay. I lost it before. Oh, I clicked the wrong button. Damn. I tried to throw that to Zeke and I clicked the wrong button. All right. Rush. Ooh. Wants me to run for the first down. Go, Dak. Let's go. Field goal Windy. How is this hard? I was literally built for this. Wow.  Oh, block the field goal of X. This is going to be tough. Get there. Get there. Got it.  I don't remember this at all. Score a touchdown during Super Media Day. Do not run into your on field team there so they will try and slow you down. Dude, I don't remember this at all.  There's tacklers. Oh, there's multiple tacklers. Wait, that's so sick. I don't remember that at all. We got to block a punt, the Madden Mobile Special. Oh, I missed it. Damn. This might be where we go out. Okay. So I'm there. I'm there. I'm there. Let's go. Actually got it. Damn. I only got two lives left. We're running the triple option. Let's go. Good decision. Right decision lost yards. That's not my fault. All right. Let's make the correct option read. Yes. No, I didn't click that.  All right. That's going to be it for Madden 17.  Madden 16 was better. I can't happen to Madden 18 though. The Tom Brady cover. Definitely not one of my favorite Maddens of all time. Although I did start wheel of mud in this Madden. So that's a cool thing. Madden 18. So let's see if this lets me into ultimate team. I imagine it should and I still should have a team on here. I have four million coins on here and there's packs. I have very Megatron Vic. Yo, this was the first hero wheel of mud. I hadn't really figured out a balancing system for wheel of mud yet. I was just like grilling all the best players every single wheel of mud episode.  This is going to be awesome. Let's open some packs first. Let's open an Ultimate Legends fantasy bag and see what we can pull. Can I pull a gold ticket right now? This was before really cool pack animations. All you would know is if your player was an elite or not. So once that turns red, we'll know it's an elite, but it could be like, it could be a core elite or it could be, you know, something even better. Larry Allen. He's serving Larry Allen. 86 Kony White here. Trey Boston. Walter Jones. Dude, I wonder what's on the auction house. I mean, I have four million coins. Yeah. So this auction house should still be up. It is. Are there any 98 99s on the auction house? Like I could literally buy some. Are people like walking into this shit? Are you kidding? Sam Darnold's rookie premiere card. You got to love that. Uh, yeah, summer blockbusters. These were super dope. I remember those for sure. There are some golden tickets, although there are a billion coins. Who's my middle linebacker right now? Ray Lewis. Oh, let's get, let's get this. We're buying 99 overall Luke Geekley. We just gave somebody 375,000 coins. Let's go. So Barry Bojax and Mike Vic. We have a Tom Brady. I hate myself for that. Why would I do that? Akoye, Randy Moss, Socho Sanko, Chris Carter.  What was I doing on this game? This is such a squad. Let's do an ultimate team game. Hopefully we can find somebody. Ah, this was my super sweaty man. And I forgot about this dude. I took this man so seriously. I'll pro say I was in all Madden first string for most of this man.  Like I would play off video all the time. This is also the Madden where Carson Wentz was at 97 overall. Wait, he hasn't got squad two or is that my team? That's his team. Let's go. This though, like if you look at, at this view right here, this looks damn near the exact same thing to Madden 21 pre-next gen.  Ooh, Barry Sanders on the underneath route. He is a D line user and I don't know why, but Barry's got room. Middle high low. It's always been an incredible play. Let's see if it can keep it up. Oh, I'm gonna take off with Michael Vick.  Thank you. Was this the Madden that inside zone started being good? He used to never be able to run the ball in Maddens, dude. But there was one Madden where they started to geek the run game and I think it was this one actually. Oh, it was. The cheesiest run play in this game is hat back dive.  I 100% remember this dude. Dude, look at how many he's got in the box here. Hat back dive. There it is. Oh, switch on. Men's did not switch on. This is how I ran offense in Madden 21. Just streak the side end. Let's see if it's there. It was kind of there. Oh my God. Look at him laser onto me, bro. He missed. Vick. Wow. I really thought he had that. He goofed it. He just backed up into the middle. I think he knows what I'm doing, but I could probably take off with Vick. Let's go. I got lit up by Ray Lewis, dude. It doesn't matter. Vick, P-A-T, kicker, flip pass. This is when they introduced it. No, I might have been last Madden. I don't know, but it is wide open. It's got to be.  He has a deep post for a touchdown. I don't think he's going to see it. He had a touchdown and we're going to big hit or fumble him and John Abraham.  I was going to run to the left so that I could show up.  Tight end attack. An absolute classic. Let's see what happens here. Great blocking. Okay. So, dude, Michael, Vick is having a, no way. No way. That's not a touchdown. We're just going to go with an inside zone and Barry against this defense. This is a 100% touchdown. It just is. Beautiful. All right. We're going to stick with the pitch. Barry to the edge, too. Easy. Let's see what he wants to go with here. Oh, he's going to take off. Probably scramble. Oh, sets his feet. Delivers a perfect ball. Let's put a QB spy on him. Julius Pevers is a great QB spy. Oh, he throws right in the middle. Oh, just dotted me up. Is this it up the middle? Oh, it's a pass. It's a pass. No, I thought he was going to do that. I just didn't get there. First in 10. Let's see what we got here. Oh, he switched on. Harris is wide open. We get the swerve. No, he's too slow. Second in goal. We just hit the two-minute warning. I'm trying to stretch again, and I'm going nowhere. Third in goal. This is big. I'm going to look for Barry on the slants. I could easily gotten picked off there. I'm going to run the exact same thing, but I'm going to scramble 16 and 7. We're going for it. Fourth in goal. The Michael Vicks scramble has been lethal thus far. It's going to stay that way. Let's go. I just said lethal thus far. Sorry. I've been recording for so long. I'm going crazy. I went and got raspberries. It's been four hours. He scored when I wasn't here, and now I got the ball half, and this is starting to become a game. See what he goes with. We got to keep his fight every time this golden ticket rattle coming him, coming him.  It's killing us. That was his first incomplete pass.  Let's go. Who got there? Bradley Chubb. Let's go. All right. Let's play deep boys. Let's be ready. Let's be ready. Get there. Oh, that's covered. Get there. Oh, why did you run for that? That's our ball. Fourth and 16. First and 10. Hat-back draw. Broken ankle too. I don't mind. Sorry, camp chancellor. Hat-back draw is so good in the old Madden's like 17, 18, 19, 20, because zone coverage is king.  It doesn't work anymore in Madden. Especially in Madden 21, everyone runs man coverage. No, they're just already right there to tackle you. I just massacred some raspberries. Wow. Fruit, tearless, watermelon. This is S tier, best tier. Watermelon, raspberries, strawberries, pineapple for the Cummys. Banana. About five. Don't at me. First and 15. Wow. I'm really losing it, man. I've really been playing Madden for too long. I'm talking about fruits. Second and 20. I'm literally just going to QB scramble. Like predetermined QB scramble. 100% get inside. Let's go. There are extra yards. I got an extra five on that. We're thinking this is zone. What do we think this is? Do you think I could hit? I'm going to hit Tony G right down the middle. Oh, he's not there. I'm going to step up. Michael Bick. Michael Bick has so many yards. Nine rushes, 94 yards, and three touchdowns. Before escape artists, before human joystick, before jukebox, Magni Fico. I think he's going to be setting blitzes now because he knows I'm in shoe clock. I could get off a slip screen here. Oh, no, he doesn't see it. Totally. 100%. Oh, ankle tackled. Third and two. One more first down this game. A big inside zone for Barry Sanders. Oh, no. One of the luckiest blockchains I've ever seen. It doesn't matter though. This field goal kind of places this game for us. Perfect. Oh, wait a minute. Wait a minute. Sketchy bra. First and 10. He's got to go into no huddle. The traditional no huddle.  I'm on Bradley Chubb playing coverage, baby. He's going to throw the same route. Lucky. Hat-back wheel. This is hat-back wheel. This is gun split offset hat-back wheel. So it should be a dig in the middle of the field. Yeah? Dig in the middle field?  There's no way he gets this. I'm just going to guard the underneath myself. Throw it. Throw it. He's lucky through that ball there. Oh, wait, wait, wait. That was fourth. This game. GG. Big dog for the Elks. Madden 18. Madden 18 in the books. We're getting close, baby. Madden 19. Up next, the Atonio Clown Madden. On Madden 19, it's encouraging you to buy Madden 21. That's how you know we're getting close. Wow. I totally forgot about this loading screen. Whoa. What's my team look like out here? We got two mil. My team is an 89 overall. What? Let's just hit generate baseline and see what happens. Okay. Take it back. It's a 96. We have a 90. Oh, I remember this one. 99 Calibri, 98, Saquan. This O'Dell was so hard to get. I remember spending like three or four million coins on that. Hawkinson. That's my boy. I love Hawkinson. Team of the Year, Bobby Wagner, Ray Lewis, Lawrence Taylor. This is one power is for introduced. Shaun T. Rest in peace. Tremaine Johnson. Annias Williams. This isn't a God squad like the last one, but it's a really good team. It's only right, dude. We got to do a few Ultimate Legends, Fantasy Packs, and then we'll go from there. I would just like to say right now in the video, if you made it this far and you watched this entire thing through up till right now, I love you so much. Like actually, if you're seeing this at this part of the video, shoot me a DM on Twitter. I'm going to try and respond the most to you that actually have watched up until this point. I love you. Okay. So that's team builders. This is football outsiders. Yes. And then Ultimate Legend, Ultimate Legend. We knew that already. Doug Baldwin, Team of the Week, Joe McSin, Wood Sin, Nitrogen Land. I want to pull some Super Heat. I don't want these bombs, bro. Give me some Super Heat. Super Heat. Super Heat. That's kind of cool actually. All right.  Oh, that's a full legend. I do remember that. Lawrence Taylor. Tio, that's a big Ultimate Legend. I mean Joe Green. I would definitely take Dick LeBow.  I'm just going to go hit best lineup. I don't even know if I really messed with the lineup at all there. There's no abilities in this series there. Yeah. I don't think anything. Oh, okay. So Dick LeBow is in. All right. Cool. Let's just go hop into the game. I think Nick, one of my OG subscribers just invited me to a game. So we're going to go play with him. Let's do it. I'm the template Ultimates. I don't even know what that means. Let's go. Hey, Nick, thank you for playing with me, by the way, your son. Devin Bush. Hey, he's got the Odell as well. And then Chris Harris, Jr. What's my top thing? Kyler Bobby Wagner, the Odell as well. Dude, like they got the classics, the classic Lions unis in this game. That's what Nick is wearing.  Okay, say Kwan.  They don't have anything. I'm going to go into four verticals. We'll set Hawkinson and Hill. Press cover. Press cover and Hill, baby. Okay. We'll just hit Hawkinson. He's open. All right. Second and 15. Was this the European Crossers or was it Madden 18? I don't remember. One here though. This was the best play ever. Let's find out if it was this man. Got the play action here. Oh, Kyler's got so much room to work with.  Very bold of you, Matt. Oh, and Boast is going to run out of gas. Oh, I think that underneath. Oh, Van Der Res. He is tall. Oh my God. He went up and took that. Let's see what this looks like. Oh, Hawkinson was so open. I'm just literally horrible at this game. I can hit that though. Barkley. I guess it doesn't matter that I missed Hawkinson. I got Barkley in the open field. First in 10. Oh, Hawkinson is open. No, he's not. Yes, yes. How is that happening? We are running a no-huddle run play to say quad. Oh, excellent blocking. He guessed pass. He guessed pass. They win pancake everybody. Seven to seven. First in 10. He's in no-huddle. Underneath Kittle is open. He could probably get out of bounds. Nope, he can't. See what he goes with here. All right, I got the underneath this time. Where are you going to throw?  I don't even know where that was. It was so open. Big hit. Oh. Oh, down in the line, Jersey. Just moss. That card is nasty though. And the same year for man coverage. He broke it up. What is this? Is he a wild cat? Can he throw out of this? I wonder. Oh, I made the tackle. All right, so there's a Hawkinson for some clean yards right there. Oh, keep going. Where is why going? Wait, wait, wait.  Shit. Is this when the volleyball simulation started? Oh, big hit from a lineman go. So he sends Kittle up and then there's a digger out. Oh, Kittle's open. Darn it. I should have stayed with him. Big hit. Oh, no. We need a fumble there. That was a great pass. I didn't expect that. That's okay. I don't think I was going to win this one anyway. That is going to be a wrap for Madden 19. We're getting into my favorite round, baby. My absolute favorite round. Madden 20 is when the abilities and jukebox is busted. Let's hop in. Okay. Madden 20. Wow. I have some really, really, really good memories with this golden ticket Lamar Jackson. The Tyree kill with the Super Bowl Card Art. Munoz. Wow. Zach Gentry. This dude's a god. What are the abilities? What abilities came out? Escape Artist, Identifier, Dashing Down a Hot Rod. Oh my god. I almost don't even want to play online in this. Is this going to be the sweatiest bullshit, dude? I'm not excited for this. Brian Dawkins golden ticket mom, Miller Patrick Willspray, Louis H. B. Bart, Taylor Maze, Okuda, Night Train Lane, Darius Lace, Simeon Rice, Derek Garmsday, Kenny Clark, JJ Wack. Good lord. I got to do the classic. I got to open some packs. I don't have a lot of coins on here. That's ironic. Ultimate Legends fantasy pack. Let's see what you got. Dude, the pack animations in Madden 21 are not even rivaled. There's so much fresher than these. These are cheeks compared to them. Hey, I got a Halloween player. Jason Peters.  Jesse Bates. Hey, he's un-wheeling, but going on five hours. My voice is just like my longest. I mean, I'm live stream longer, but this is different. I'm really not going to pull. I guess I'm supposed to be excited. 93 Patrick Sertain. My final coins on Madden 20. This is the man I pull all those golden tickets, right? And this is what I'm getting. Dude. All right. 94th wife, Rene. I guess we can close off with that. That was weird. The black set up really weird. It doesn't really matter. Oh, oh. Good job. The Tyree kill. Shit. Does he run the corner out? Yup. Yup. DJ Morse got the ball. Don't fumble. It's so scary. This game was the scariest game to have the ball in the open field, dude.  Okay, Barry. Okay, Barry. Yeah. And you move lightning fast. You move so fast in this game compared to the other ends. I'ma send Gentry up this seam. No, but DJ Morris still open. What did I say, dude? Scary, scary game to run the ball at. Just enforces, just lights you up like no other. Two fumbles already. Head back stretch. Oh no. He's going to go up the middle. Oh, I clicked that into the wrong guy. Wow. This is a, this is a tough start. First in 15. I'm pretty much going to keep handing this off. Wait, you're kidding. I almost going to try to use a little jukebox there. All right. Let's hand it off this time. Yes, sir. Give me that jukebox. There's a broken ankle. I missed that jukebox, man. Let's go. I did that many, many times with Golden Ticket Lamar back in the day. This was the year of Deuce Close. Not the game, but the year of Deuce Close. Ah, maybe not. I still think this is a winnable game, man. I'm telling you. He loves that.  All right. I don't know what he did to my computer there, but it was impressive. He wants to throw this corner out so bad. Okay. He couldn't throw it there. Damn. He's just doing it whatever he wants, honestly.  That Walter Payton's moving so fast, bro. Well, it worked once. Why not again? All right. Let's go. My game, baby. I was going off. I would love to hit a rollout corner out. Is it possible or is he? Oh, it's possible. It's there. It's there. Jettree. Let's go. That's the N20 Classic. Oh, oh. Did I forget?  Two-point conversion.  Good luck, buddy. Good luck. Two points. We're back, baby. Best play in the goddamn game. In Forcers, man. That's my fourth fumble. Four turnovers for Detroit. One for Chicago.  You're playing the old Madden. Chill out. This is calling Nano Screamers off the edge, bro. This game is a year and a half, two years old now. Go home. Let's just keep it with Lamar, no matter what. Oh, no. Well, make it five, boys. Make that five fumbles. All right. I'm going to be honest. I have now fumbled five times. I'm done with this game. It was a blast, but we are going to head to the final Madden. The final one, the culmination of everything is Madden 21 on Next Gen. We've been through Xbox 360. We've been through Xbox One, and now the Xbox Series X. I just went through eight years of frustration in one video. Chad Johnson, Cordillian Patterson, Tom Brady. Okay. I'm okay with that top three. Madden 21 Next Gen. Without a doubt, out of everything I've played today is the absolute slowest. I like Madden 21 on the Xbox One a lot better than Madden 21 on Next Gen, but I still would take Madden 21 Next Gen gameplay over virtually any of the ones I just played, because I think they headed down really, really well here. Like Madden 20 was pretty good, but dude, did you see how fast that Walter Payton was moving sometimes? It's just like pointlessly fast. It's way too fast. I can't tell what he's going for here. It's second and one. He just throws an out route because he is literally a Tom Brady. I don't have my defense, though. This is going to be a long game. Oh, I'm here for this. Oh, throw it. Oh, look deep, bro. Dude, he had a touchdown down the middle.  I think he might go with an out route, maybe a slant.  Probably going to go for this. Okay, so he's going to run the end around to try to get the touchdown on fourth and goal. Let's just talk about how much shittier RPOP zone bubble is now. I'm going to throw this. Staring Foster. Probably get picked off.  It's like, it's like they don't even try to block for no reason. All right, T-Goat. I'm just going to scramble, no matter what. Yup. Oh, wait. No, not no matter what. I should have scrambled, damn it, Matt.  All right, I am guessing a run up the middle. I am blitzing everyone.   I'm going to go locking underneath here. That's how we're going to get this shmoney. Oh, Todd Heap. One more to Todd Heap.  What is this? What is this coverage? Oh, dead eye. Touchdown. I have to score here. Get the lateral.  P.A. Crosses. Give me that. Give me another one. Yes, man cover. Yes. Get outside of it. Yes. That's a dog. All right. Well, the obvious answer is to run RPOP zone bubble and then hand it to your own badass. If you're not stupid, that's what anyone would do. This long, long banger of a video is culminating. I want to thank you so much for being here. This has been one hell of a ride. Second and nine. Do I smell Todd Heap?   Oh, he did activate his X-Factor for that though. I respect that, Tebow. Maybe we'll let Tebow run this in. That's what we do, baby. We reward our players for throwing bad passes. Well, we get a big stop right here, boys. Get a big stop right here. Take the lead. Yep. Yep. Oh, I saw it coming, but clearly not quick enough. That's going to be it. Oh, bold. I'm going to hit a roll out corner to Todd Heaping, brats. It's sold. No, damn it, Tebow.  It's supposed to be a back end zone dot. Oh, god. All right. Yeah. Kind of got ran there. It's okay. I'm over it. Madden, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21.  I really hope you guys enjoyed.  That was a lot. Big thanks, Madder. We're going to try and condense this down to like a very watchable video. That was definitely a lot, but I had a good time. I'm excited you guys can be here to see it. I will see all of you tomorrow for another banger. I think it's Wheel of Mutt. Yeah, you got a Wheel of Mutt tomorrow. I'll see you guys next time. Thanks for watching as always. Peace.


Hello, I'm Lyra and I'm going to talk to you about bullying and how it can affect people and how you can make a difference. Bullying is when a person or group set out to hurt, scare or humiliate someone. It matters to me because I've seen friends and myself be bullied and it makes life really hard. I did some research to help find four ways to spot and stop bullying. I made these into a poster. This leads me nicely onto my next point. I'm going to talk to you about these four points one at a time. Number one is don't ignore bullying when you see it.  Number two is to be an example of someone who stands up to bullying. This is important because you can be a role model so that then more people will stand up to bullying. Number three is to let the person or people who are doing the bullying know that their behaviour is not okay. You should do this because then it might help them put their bad behaviour right. Number four is to get an adult so that then they can help stop the bullying. You can help stop bullying by doing these four things yourself and spreading it with other people so that they can do it too. Thank you for listening. I hope you found this helpful and don't forget to remember to be kind.


Is somebody spreading this in the ashram? Huh? Chhat Guru will take care of you, don't worry, don't worry. You just leave. If you make God work overtime, He will also take it out on you one day in such a way that you will regret everything. That goes for me also. Deal makers are different people. Devotees are different people. If you have that kind of involvement, grace will come and cascades, not in drops. Devotion does not mean Devi will do it, Satguru will do it.  Is somebody spreading this in the ashram? Huh? Chhat Guru will take care of you, don't worry, don't worry. You just leave. Chhat Guru will wake up and do your sadhana. With this kind of staff, this country, which was the very a stellar example of spiritual process at one time became very fatalistic and against themselves because of this teaching. Don't worry, don't worry, God will take care of you. Somebody came from Mauritius a few years ago, almost twenty-five, twenty-seven years ago. So these are Tamil people who, when they're three generations ago, this particular generation has never come to India. Now they're running some industry and they're doing very well to do and all that. Now they decided to come back to Tamil Nadu to experience their roots. Still they speak their own kind of Tamil and they came and landed in Chennai. And from there they went to a few temples and they're driving back to Coimbatore from Chennai. So we… they came here and naturally we were interested. What is your impression? Because after three generations you're coming back to your, you know, four furthest land. What does it feel like? One thing they said was, it looks like in India, God is working over time. Why… what happened? Because there we're driving, children come and want to fall under the wheels of the car, but somehow they escape. Somebody else just walks in, wants to kill himself, but somehow he lives. When we look at this, God must be really working over time in this place. If you make God work over time, he will also take it out on you one day in such a way that you will regret everything. That goes for me also. So, devotion means an absolute involvement. Not that, «Sadhguru, I am your devotee, will you do everything for me?  Devotion means absolute involvement from your side. Where there is no involvement, you will do something socially correct. Some of you don't even do that, but most people do something that they think is their courtesy or their duty to do something, just about that. But only when you have a very deep sense of love or devotion towards something, you will do everything that you can do. I'm saying, in every moment of your life, if you're not doing everything that you can do, what are you saving yourself for? You want to work from your grave? Hello? No, people these days working from their home, so I'm asking you. You want to work from your grave? Every moment of your life, is it not important, everything that you can do you're doing? So, this profound involvement is called devotion. It's devotion is not a deal. «Sadhguru, I've been so devoted to you, you didn't do anything to me. I was not supposed to do anything to you. Deal-makers are different people. Devotees are different people. Nothing need to happen to me. I will throw myself into this. This is devotion. Just this freedom from expectation, what should come to me? What will I get? If you just become free from that, your life is a blessed life, just know this. If you just become free from this one thing, what will I get?  This is what we are trying to demonstrate in Isha, that thousands of people simply working like fanatics from outside, they look like that. But there at ease, the clothes arrive. Okay, world doesn't exist. Yes? And only miracle they have achieved in their life is, what will I get has gone out of their mind. This is all you have to do. Devotion means just this, you are liberated from the pain of expectation. What should happen? What should happen? Whatever happens, I'm fine only. Which is better? What you want happened, is that better? Whatever happens, you're fine. Is that better? That's all. But once you are like this, once you have... you are not a vested interest of any kind, you will do your best and that's all a human being can do. And once you're not concerned, what will you get? You become available to grace, but you don't calculate, Sadhguru, for three minutes I did not think what will I get. How much grace will I get? Actually for three minutes, I did not even think what will I get. I just did the work. How much grace will I get? You belong to the marketplace, you don't belong to this life. In this life, there is nothing to get.  Hello? What's the problem? Somebody gave us a grand funeral. Okay? Somebody just threw our body out there. What's the big deal? I'm asking.   Well, things will arrange themselves around you.  But what is it that you're seeking? Are you seeking fulfillment or comfort? This you must decide. If you're seeking fulfillment of life, then it needs involvement. Devotion means just unquestioned, unbridled involvement. That's all devotion is. Absolute involvement. Not holding back anything. If you have that kind of involvement, grace will come in cascades, not in drops. Once your grace like that, your life will be fulfilled, in which way, how? You don't have to calculate. If you have a body, mind and energy, which is not an impediment and you're available to grace, you don't have to bother. What will happen with this life? Whatever happens, the most wonderful thing will happen. That's about it.


That's what I was supposed to do one minute sooner, but we will be having a recording Q&A session At the end of this program So in the course of the program if you have any comments and questions Please type them into the Q&A hit the Q&A button Type them in there and we'll best do our best to get you some answers at the end of the program So without further ado here's Jim Great. Thank you, Bill. Hi everybody glad to be able to tune in tonight I'm looking forward to the opportunity to share some things. I've learned with loons over three decades of work So we're the talks gonna go around 45 minutes or so and then we'll have time for questions afterwards as we kind of go through it So I'm gonna give you just a little background on myself before I kind of dive into the talk. I First started studying loons in 1993 full-time in upper Peninsula of Michigan at Sine National Wildlife Refuge This is me releasing a bird that I caught and you might notice like two white Drops of paint at the base of the bill. I used that to distinguish males and females when I had them in the hand And was able to separate male and female roles out in the field That picture in the bottom left is 2011 where I was up on the On the North slope in the Brooks Range working with other species of loons And that was one of the highlights of my career to be up on the North slope for some time Observing caribou and Arctic Fox. And then this is me recently at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History Measuring loon skeletons. So as Bill has mentioned, I've been at this in a long time I've been very grateful for the opportunity to study loons as long as I have So this map shows you where I've done research over the last 30 years and a field season might be as short as two weeks But oftentimes they're two months four months or even six months long Most of them are supported by grants that I would have written and I would hire people to assist me or help me In working on these projects. So just briefly a couple years up in Alaska three years since the sketch one Four years in Washington State two years in Nevada two years in Southern, California Sevens field seasons off the coast of Louisiana Six in a wildlife reservoir in South Carolina Six in New England and then 12 field seasons in the Midwest and most of those have been breeding wintering and migration and I would say A big interest of mine has been wintering loons since about 2004 And we've learned quite a bit about breeding biology of loons And I felt like that was starting to get saturated And I was looking forward to learn more about loons and I thought there was an open niche in the winter So I spent quite a bit of time catching loons in the winter and studying them and I'll share some of them My findings with you today So briefly I thought like three tiered structures some real basic loon 101 being an academic I can't help myself apologize And then number two is like a loon researchers toolkit one loon biologists used to study loons How we use the corporate the technology to learn loon behavior loony ecology and then I'm briefly going to talk about loon conservation So here's our loon and we can all tell stories about loons. We're fascinated by the mega charismatic species black and white checkered back the necklace The red eye just gorgeous birds In europe, they're known as the great northern diver And they belong to a particular group called gaviiformes There's five other five species of loons that make up this group So they're diving birds. They feed on fish. They nest inland at freshwater lakes and predominantly winter in marine environments So here you can see the breeding plumage the red-throated loon It's a small loon across canada in most of europe in eurasia the pacific loon The arctic loon you can see a white flank towards the rear Of that individual and then a yellow billed loon, which is the rares And the one with this restricted geographic range So loons predominantly breeding canada canada 94 of all the breeding loons in the world breed in canada So you can make an argument loons are you know birds of canada national birds So here you can see them across canada and they dip into the lower 48 So about 2 of the population of breeding loons is in the lower 48, which of course may be one of those states And then if we're looking at the dark gray, we're looking at the winter distribution of loons And you can say they go all the way from Alaska down to the Baja Peninsula And then from the coast of Labrador and Nova Scotia around the gulf Into Mexico So they winter and over wide geographic ranges and we also see them now in freshwater reservoirs Where that little range map is in South Carolina at Tennessee So loons will migrate to the coast those in the interior might migrate 2000 miles Those along the coast might just have to migrate 200 miles And that's going to have different effects on the on the size and geographic spatial distribution of loons So here's the breeding loon and the one that's less known is a wintering loon So loons molt during late late summer early fall So they lose their necklace the white checkered back may become gray in uniform And sometimes they're mistaken for cormorants because of a similar body shape to some extent So loons feed predominantly on fish, but they will feed on invertebrates And what they're most noted for are divers. They are exceptional divers They're highly streamlined looking at this loon here underneath the water. It's feet are far back So they can rotate their legs just like we can rotate our arms in contrast to their hips So they have great flexibility and mobility in their hip hip region But they can extend that leg 270 degrees to get power on its stroke And we'll show you a picture of what that looks like here This is from the Museum of Natural History In DC and here's the loon skeleton And to be streamlined through the water just like a torpedo would be they have narrow shoulder girdles narrow hip girdles Elongated legs and of course the feet are far back So unlike penguins who use their arms for flapping right loons just use their feet for propulsion And because of that their feet are so far back their center of gravity is shifted They cannot support their weight with their legs And that's why they stumble up on to the nest and stumble across land And where they get their name clumsy from the different languages from Icelandic and Swedish languages We feel that's probably where they got their name loon from So these are some pictures of loons diving underwater and what I wanted to point out to you Is on the one the wing does not extend beyond the body So the wing is very narrow to be streamlined in the water that we wing needs to be compressed to the body If it extended beyond the body you would create eddies and whirls and would slow this the speed Create drag for example on the bird and slow it down And the other one I have a picture on the sternum or the breastplate on a loon And on a loon you'll notice the breastplate is very flat and so they have very flat chest So now this is a picture of the breastplate of a loon And what I'm showing you is the keel Where on a chicken or a turkey would be very extensive or a duck even for muscle attachment Yet on a loon is very narrow And so there's very little room for muscles to attach So consequently their chest muscles are underdeveloped compared to other birds and that has consequences So here we see a loon's surface area extending its wings its wings are long But they're narrower than predicted for their body size and that creates Low surface area compared to volume of the weight of the bird So this makes it difficult for a loon to get off the ground because its muscles are underdeveloped and the surface areas of the wings are narrow And consequently most of us recognize that loons when they take off from the water and need a running start Often one to 200 yards they point into the wind in order to help them gain lift just like a plane would for example All right, so you made it through part one part two so University of minnesota press published this book on the common loon in 1988 by judy macintyre Outstanding book I read it and just fell in love with it and really started to fall in love with loons about that time and judy's To her credit I tried to identify some research For future researchers to work on and one of them she said we really need a consistent way to band Or catch individual loons so we can identify them from each other So in this picture here we see two loons We'd love to know which one's the male which one's the female We'd love to know are they the same birds that come back each year In the lake do they move around to other parts of the lake? And it's just imagine like when we see chickadees or blue jays at our feeder We would like to know these as individuals because then you can follow their fates and you can learn so much natural history and behavioral information which leads to population information and conservation So the breakthrough really came in 1989 with Dave evers was a graduate student at western michigan university Was trying to figure out how to catch loons consistently so Judy McIntyre had did some work on that And people who are catching ducks realized if you go out at night you have a little more success than going out during the day And dave's success came through is when you had a tape recorder So he approached the loon when they had chicks when they were really small and when he when he played a tape recorder The loon turned around and came towards the boat In which case you were able to have a large salmon landing net and scoop up the bird And then once you had the bird in the hand, then you can band it and gather all kinds of useful information So this is dave taking blood and getting feathers and dave was interested in like ecotoxicology of loons So did they have mercury? Did they have lead? What was their? contaminant load And most biologists if not nearly all of them would tell you once you have a bird or a wild creature in the hand You want to gather as much information as possible from it before you release it So you want to take weights you want to take measurements Uh with this is us taking bill measurements. This is measuring surface area of the wing And then here's us putting bands on loons So every loon would get a federal band a seven-digit number which identifies where it was banded And then a color band And this was literally the major breakthrough because it allowed researchers to follow individual birds So I literally mentioned here it opened the floodgates and dave I don't know those of us that seem forest scum we think about a running fool for forest scum I hope you guys see this complimentary today was a banding fool Because dave just loved banding loons and then he taught others how to band loons Got a great team of researchers of which I was one to band loons And his work his organization about diversity research institute has banded over 5 000 loons Over these 30 years of time. So it's just been tremendous amounts of information that we've gathered on individual birds And as the bands combinations got more complicated we needed to really keep track Because a simple yellow band on a bird or green or blue So we ended up putting dots and stripes and this just shows you all the color combinations that are on loons throughout north america So our job now is to re-observe these banded birds And then this would eliminate guessing if there was the same individual in the corner of the lake The different region of the lake how far they may have migrated for example So these were some questions that we were able to answer fairly empirically Do they return to the same lake the same territory? Do they pair with the same member? Do tricks come back to the lake? They were hatched. Do they disperse if they do? How far? How old do they live and just some fundamental Knowledge that helped us understand the life history of these birds And so one of the studies I undertook was observing banded loons from sunrise to sunset year after year Logging over 5 000 hours of observation on banded loons And the one thing that I did was by putting those stripes It allowed me to identify males and females And so I didn't have to see the bands because most of us probably recognize It's pretty hard to see bands on loons and normally we'd see when they roll over And preen and show reveal their belly Then we can pick up the color bands But I wasn't able to do that and so I came up with this technique that allowed me to identify males and females So now some of the things we've learned was that they do not mate for life They probably have two or three partners during their lifetime One partnership lasted 17 years but most last about six or seven years We do know that several loons have made it past 30 years Several loons have not made it to 30 years So maybe 30 years is definitely going to be considered an old loon And it'd be interesting to see is with time a couple of these birds are still living if we go past 40 years Chicks do tend to return to the same area where they were born And then if those areas are occupied they may disperse to adjacent lakes Generally within two to three miles of the lake in which they were born Females might disperse a little further than males And then what we've done is we've recorded loons When they give out their yodel for example And we can see that they repeat the same yodel year after year And that each bird is distinctly different in very subtle ways from its neighbor And one thing that researchers have found is that if one loon lost its territory And moved to a different corner of the lake or different lake It would actually alter its tune very slightly Indicating almost like it changed its communication Now what might be surprising or potentially not depending on if you're on a lake where there's lots of loons But I have noticed increased aggression in loons over the last 30 years And I think that's mostly due to increased population more loons There's more aggression. There's more trying to stake out place in the lake for their nest to build And we do see quite a bit of chasing between resident birds and intruder birds So loons will try to come back about year four year five Access a lake a territory year six or year seven And at some point it feels it's oh, it's just like a young like an elk or a big horn sheep might And so it's going to come back to the lake and try to establish the territory it will get tested and typically those who are Defending their territory have more at stake and are really to have higher motivation to defend it from an intruder Now this is the breastplate of a loon And mark pokrus was doing necropsies of loons and he noticed he kept finding these holes In the sternum or breastplate of loons So he took the bill of a loon placed it inside and sure enough they matched perfectly So mark surmised that loons were attacking other loons And they were coming from underneath the surface so they would dive and come straight up and puncture the sternum and that's obviously a sign of overt aggression Defense of a territory for example And what was interesting is mark found that roughly half the loons had sternal punctures But was even more remarkable Was that half of the half of the females had them as well as males? And so we tend to tend to anthropomorphize male aggression with testosterone In people that maybe there's something with birds as well And yet with loons it seems like females might be just as aggressive as males So I started branching out to try to catch loons in the wintertime And the technique we used in the breeding grounds was going to help somewhat but it was going to be needing to be modified because Loons on the breeding grounds are there to defend their checks And so they remain on the surface of the water and won't even come towards the boat So if I make a chick distress call on the breeding grounds The adult's going to come towards me and it's much easier to scoop it up But on the wintering grounds, they're not defending chicks chicks and adults winter in different locations. Typically They do not associate So that's going to have its own set of challenges for me So typically you go on a bigger boat longer handled net more people And it just becomes just a little bit of a larger operation And part of it really turned into being of just a fair amount of luck Is if you approached enough loons eventually you were able to catch them, especially with the long handled net And so far we've caught over 225 loons in the winter And this is a loon that I caught with a colleague in 2004 in Morrill Bay Southern, uh, California and this bird's been re-observed through 2020 So for 17 years this bird went back to the same location in the winter So in order to study these birds in the winter wintering lakes or predominantly the ocean I really needed to use radio telemetry And so radio telemetry might cost 150 to 200 dollars for radio transmitter that you see here And then you might need a receiver and antenna which might be a thousand dollars And then you can track the loon across the ocean or this is being in South Carolina at a freshwater reservoir So this loon you can't see the antenna, but it's there There's a band on those bird as well. So we would follow these birds during the winter Some would swim several miles a day, but they would never fly And they consistently use the same area Year a year after year and oftentimes loons would go out in the ocean and forge at night in large rafts I've seen rafts to 100 to 200 loons usually smaller rafts of 30 to 60 So they feel security in numbers and they move away from the coastline to hopefully reduce predation Now all adults will undergo a complete wing molt so january through march during that three month time span It would become flightless And so like all molting birds It's somewhat energetically expensive and at this point you might anticipate loons might be vulnerable Without wings, but their natural reaction is to dive away from any kind of threat So they are relatively safe even though they're molting their wings at this time Now doing a lot of boating in the Gulf of Mexico. We did see come across large rafts of loons 30 to 60 during the day and there was one particular one that We anticipated and estimated to be over 600 individuals So this is in response to flocking schooling fish such as menhaden And the loons would hoot and call each other and create this huge swarm White brown pelicans would come in northern gannets would come in Terms would fly galls would fly and then you had this interspecies mixed association flock Diving after the fish. It was quite despicable to see So one of the stories I was going to tell you in from my book Is just I spent quite a bit of time off the coast of Louisiana And when I was out in the water, I oftentimes found a really odd Juxtaposition here's the bottom of dolphin with the wintering adult common loon And oftentimes I would see them together and you can imagine what a treat that would be And I have a a little story in the book that I'm just going to kind of Probably go through it real briefly and just read it for you But this is in january 2012 And we know loons are visual predators and the murky water in the Gulf of Mexico must have made it extremely challenging to locate prey We were in a series of channels dotted with islands when we spotted a bottlenose dolphin Any dolphin sighting makes for a great day, but this one was acting peculiar It was swimming towards shore and then would swim back to the middle of the channel and repeat the same maneuver What was it doing? We were all saying to ourselves We could see ripples of water near shore from fish racing away from the dolphin It must be pushing schooling fish to shallower water to increase its foraging odds That's it. We shouted to each other amazing Then we saw a common loon following the wake of the dolphin as it moved towards shore At first we were skeptical, but the longer we observed the more certain we were that the loon was consciously swimming Back and forth each time in the wake to get any fish the dolphin missed And so we observed this several times and just just wanted fortunate Opportunity to observe this inter species communication between a dolphin and a common loon And I had to show you a picture of a dolphin So another techniques that researchers use are these tools called geolocators It's attached just above the metal band in this picture. I don't think I've got a close above it here That allows you to download lat and long But also you can use depth pressure sensors. So when the bird is diving under water It's going to make a depth profile. How far does it dive? How long how long does it stay to surface? So the very useful tools They may cost between three and four hundred dollars just to give you an idea But you need to retrieve them So generally you need to put them on banded birds in the winter in the summer Because you're more likely to retrieve them If I put a geolocator on a wintering loon, I couldn't guarantee I was going to catch it again So this just shows you some data From the lake michigan in the fall A researcher kevin keenow put out some geolocators And just I want to show you what kevin found from some of his data So we're looking on the x-axis on the bottom from 9 a.m to 3 p.m And then on the y-axis you can see the depth below the surface in meters So starting around nine o'clock loons started making consistent dives five or ten dives all the way to like 135 to 150 feet Then they would come up on the surface for 10 15 minutes Maybe 30 minutes and they would repeat that dive cycle literally on and off for six hours So we know loons can dive up to 200 feet and I'm often asked can loons dive further than that So here's some species of penguins Which we feel loons are comparable to If you look at the weight of penguins So 454 grams is a pound. So the little penguins about two pounds Medium penguins about 10 pounds and the large ones closer to like 15 pounds If you look at the depth, it's really correlated strongly with body mass So the larger loon and in this case the larger penguin is going to dive deeper than a smaller penguin And when we look at duration of times we can see Large penguins staying underwater for eight minutes. So loons are between 4 000 and 6 000 grams So they're probably fit into that medium category So it's very likely, you know loons can dive to 300 feet We have pretty strong data to suggest at least 240 feet And I wouldn't be surprised if a loon could dive to 300 feet And we've had loons underwater for four to five minutes, which is right in that three to six minute range Now you could put a satellite transmitter on a loon And you'd have to track it. So the satellite transmitter depending on when we first purchased them Was over two thousand dollars today It's around 1500 dollars to get one satellite transmitter And then you have to fly a wildlife vet who's trained in this procedure Along with the equipment and gear and so it can't get a little pricey But the information you can glean is certainly justifiable in terms of the cost So it took a little while to figure out the best way how to do this But these are like subethnominal implants in loons But that antenna is extraordinarily soft as is those radio antenna And let's just tell you a story the very first time we tried to deploy satellite transmitters was 1998 in Walker Lake, Nevada But so Walker Lake's just a little south and east of Reno Quite a bit away from Las Vegas And what's fascinating is you most of us like this is desert country. This is Nevada It's a huge lake. Well, this is a major stopover place and Nevada Department of Fish and Wildlife recognized it And there were over a thousand loons that would stop there in the spring and return again in the fall Feeding on these native fish that were of the right size class that loons preferred So our job Dave and I were brought out there to try to catch the loons To help implant satellite transmitters to just figure out where these loons were going and where they returned So that's the best late plans of mice and men and I tell the story in the book and I'll just tell you just real briefly The rule I'll just read you just a couple lines from the book from this event that take took place Was that wildlife research involves roving parts and sometimes things do not always going according to plants. So here's an example So Dave and I were at Walker Lake teaming up with researchers Mike Yates and Mark Fuller from Boise State University Larry Neo from the Nevada Department of Wildlife and Kevin Keenow from the US Geological Survey Each team was there to do a specific job Mike and Mark from Boise State were the leaders of the project The team from Nevada had the boats the drivers and the expertise expertise to navigate Around the lake and the USGS staff were responsible for conducting surgeries and then planning the transmitters So finalized we had to settle on a week to do this We chose one week in April the third week And we were hoping everything was going to go just fine. Well, what happened is this is a high elevation lake Winds can weep through this valley very strong and the water can get very dangerous And so literally we had one or two days that we were going to be able to go out And it was forecasted the winds were going to be too high And it just turns out the satellite transmitters had not arrived on our first night So the question was do we go out at night and catch these loans and hold them And get the satellite transmitters the next day or do we wait and go out the second night? Well, the consensus was let's just see if we can catch these birds where we caught some we caught five We kept the three largest And the question is well, where were you going to put them? Well, we ended up putting them in a box padded protected And we made sure we we had to base basically we had to put them in our hotel room, right Just for overnight and then the next morning the satellite transmitters arrived We conducted the surgeries And I'll show you the results briefly from that. So here's the bird with the satellite transmitter on it So the birds flew from walker lake nevada to siscatch one and they literally made it there within a month And the story could end there, but something unusual and remarkable happened 13 years later And so i'm going to jump forward 13 years in 2011 These are some researchers that i've worked with in the past And we were going to put satellite transmitters and some loans in the gulf of mexico So we catch two birds at random we put satellite transmitters in them and we plot their journeys So this is right off the coast of louisiana and uh spend 10 days In tennessee at a reservoir. This is a male bird 15 days in lake michigan six days in lake winnipeg It flew up to northern siscatch one Stayed there two thousand for the trip of two thousand three hundred and nine miles And then we caught the other bird off the coast of louisiana It spent 20 days off the mississippi coast before it went to a reservoir in north carolina Chesapeake bay for nine days lake gary for 12 Lake huron for 10 days lake winnipeg for two or three And again went to northwest siscatch on two thousand seven hundred seventy six miles So to my knowledge, that's the longest distance we've ever recorded a loon migrate And by the way, these loons were very small So to fly from the interior here over two thousand miles their body size reflects that Loons that migrate short distances are considerably larger in size So i thought we should plot the birds at walker lake with the birds from the gulf of mexico And when you do that you can see it looks like they overlap And if we zoom in the very thin line is the bird from walker lake the thick line Is the bird from the gulf of mexico and you can see peter pond lake They overlap there And you can zoom in on this with the thick line being the louisiana tag bird and the thin line being birds from walker lake ultimately The fact that these birds ended up on the same water body And they were in two different ocean bases one went around in the pacific the other in the gulf of mexico The fact that they came together on this one lake was truly Remarkable and the odds of that were extraordinarily slim So we do know that loons in sascatchewan in the northwest corner Some of them migrate and winter off pacific ocean and some will migrate to the gulf of mexico So we did some surgeries on loons in maine with we had a little bit of money for that and We just reaffirmed where loon biologists has always thought that peer members winter in different locations So like the aziz kahas female was just south of cape cod and the aziz kahas male was up in booth bay This was the same pair that had chicks when we caught them They were on aziz kahas lake up in the range of the lakes area And this is what we've always felt that males and females of the same pair winter in different locations And you can see in this case the flax that female wintered off maryland And the male again was kind of closer to like bar harbor booth bay as well So in every instance the females migrated further than males did And this just shows you a brief picture Of the distribution of the birds from one year to the next now normally satellite transmitters last a year and then they the battery wipes out Those put on bald eagles peregrine falcons and albatrosses are solar powered so they're able to to recharge But the but the ones we put in loons that's not a possibility But what is remarkable here is the bird used the same area between years So whether it was off the coast of maryland or south of cape cod the birds were found there consistently Lastly a tool we can use as a video or camcorder right? We can set that up by a nest for example and monitor what happens during a nest So here you can see a loon getting off the nest you can see the bands on the birds And we can track if there's any predators in the area any human disturbance for example So this is a bird up in range the lake And it looks like it's fairly high above the water. It's not an island But it just turned out that a boat came by speeding created a large wake flooded the nest and the egg actually was pushed off from the nest and this bird had to re-nest Here you can see like a mink Coming out at night now minks not going to be a threat if the loon is sitting on the nest It might be a threat to the egg if the loon adult was not incubating Here's a picture of a river otter And then phyto most of us we are Listening to bill talk about trying to keep our cats at doors Well, sometimes dogs have good intentions, but they're curious. They're exploring and they can chase a loon off a nest as well And this one's just Kind of what happens when you have a camera out showing a picture of a moose And the moose is just working the shoreline coming across the loon nest And you can see the loon in return is making itself small and trying to be inobtrusive And then here you can see a sub-adult bald eagle in the background of this loon The eagle did come down and try to attack the loon the loon did get away But there was a little scuttle And again the value of using some video technology with that Okay, you made it through part two and part three is pretty short comparatively So a number of us were thinking about Is it possible to translocate loons from one place to another place? And this really came up because southern minnesota wisconsin michigan has There's been a retraction of loons in those midwestern states Unclear why that exactly is that there's probably some hunting involved human development for example shoreline encroachment And so it's fascinating. This is an exercise to think can we translocate loons from one place to another? How best would we do that? Well, we would probably take chicks that are six to eight weeks old And if we can get them to implant on this new lake They then potentially they would return there And establish a breeding pair So this was a project that I helped initiate back in 2014. I worked on this for several years We ended up translocating 20 chicks over three years 285 miles from northern minnesota to southern minnesota One of my jobs was to find release lakes or breeding lakes that still had suitable habitat that weren't over developed This is fish lake in southern minnesota You can see we ended up deciding to put a like a An enclosure We needed to put burlap and lining that enclosure as well that kept the loons calm We fed the loons. Yes, we tried to kind of hide ourselves from that report fishing to a funnel into the enclosure Which the loons ate readily and so for the most part the project went off Without too many hitches And was somewhat successful. This is the first release of a loon chick ever 15 august 2014 And one of my more Just excitable moments is the loon researcher being part of this project So part two project Dave evers continued this work in massachusetts Trying to move main chicks or chicks from new york To massachusetts to see if we can establish another Uh area where there used to have been loons historically, but we're not of recent And what dave was able to get was that some a chick that had moved from new york to pocchial pond in massachusetts in 2015 Returned there three years later in 2018 paired with a male and successfully produced a chick And so in other words it imprinted that didn't go back to new york and went back to massachusetts where it was born where where it was left And established a pair there so there's it suggests that this kind of technique can be used if it was needed as a conservation tool But really some of the more immediate aspects of loons and conservation are fluctuating water levels So due to reservoirs and depending on if we get heavy rain falls Loons can build up their nest somewhat But there's there's a limit to how much they can actually build up their nest before they're flooded And so this is a picture of an egg and a nest that's flooded and was unsuccessful And loons typically when nest right near the edge where there's very deep water so they can escape a bald eagle predation possibility for example So a number of agencies and groups Private citizen groups are trying to put out platforms to augment the loss of loons chicks or loon eggs to flooding These have been fairly or relatively successful They've been modified over the years by trying to put some Wedding over the nest And this way it kind of minimizes It's apparent openness to an eagle or like a gall or crow or even a raven for example And there's had some success And it's just we've had lots of conservation groups organizations working And we've come tremendous of ways in just two or three decades With educating people about loons needing to be low low wake zones Give the loons some space when they have chicks trying to reduce both trauma for example And we've had quite a bit of success mostly to the dedication of lots of loon biologists private citizens And we have a success story loons in new york from out new hampshire Uh are now doing very well in massachusetts because of these conservation efforts And more than ever this great communication between state agencies federal agencies county groups lake associations loon organizations And the amount of sharing of knowledge is at an all-time high And it's very exciting to be a part of that one of the things we're concerned about is emerging diseases So there's a loon that had malaria west nile virus So we're starting to see a few individuals with that. Is that going to turn it to be a larger problem? Well, we're unsure about that but we do have wildlife vets and pathologists who are on stand by investigating that So I think I got through the talk in just about the right amount of time I you know, I've been very grateful to have many people who've helped me guided me work with me for five 10 15 20 years. I feel very blessed to be with just wonderful wonderful people I also have worked with 52 biologists in the field for at least a week So all these people have dedicated their time expertise And it's been a really joy for me working out at night seeing the northern lights. For example, it's been really spectacular And I also want to thank A lot of researchers Loone researchers who I've collaborated with shared information with over the years Their dedication is tremendous And lastly, I've worked with 288 48 volunteers And most of them I want to thank them. They've worked with me like a week in the field And I'd like to thank Earthwatch Institute based in Boston that has supported lots of my research over several decades And of course, I have to thank my family because I've been gone from home and they've been very supportive of my trips So thanks for the family. Thank you for tuning in Photo credits well deserved of those good friends of mine And then here's my local website. So thanks everybody for tuning in Get a cup of water and then it will go for some questions Yep, thank you, Jim. That was wonderful We do have several questions as soon as you're ready to defend your thesis Thank you. Yeah, go for it Uh, do you have a sense of the populations the the worldwide populations of the different loon species? And how they are faring Yeah, it's actually it seems that the one that's probably most concerned Is the yellow building because of its restricted range across Eurasia like Russia and Canada and Alaska And it's because of its restricted range and potential oil development and some of these very fragile landscapes Loons have the yellow building has extraordinary sensitivity to humans So because on the landscape of the tundra in which they occupy Anything taller than two or three feet is becomes very Alerts them and of course when you see they see people across the landscape They're very alarmed by that So the other birds red-throated certain mostly fine Pacific loons as well and Arctic loons But I think they without a doubt the yellow build loons the one that's the most Needs concerned What's what's the estimate of their population? I think it's feel over a couple thousand couple thousand pairs of loons up in just in the Alaska region And on the other end how what's an estimate of the number of common loons? Yeah, so probably worldwide around 650,000 So roughly 240 or 250,000 pairs of loons Yeah, and is there a sense of how that's how they fared over the last century? Are they declining? Yeah, I think that's that's fair. I think what we found with loons is I suspect what happened is DDT took a hit on loons in this, you know, probably 40s 50s 60s I think we we see examples of of hunting Which hit Some loon numbers as well and then just the lake lake shore development had a big impact on loons So I think loons have been rebounding since that so I think loons were kind of nearing low in the 1900s 1940s 50s DDT And then what we've seen is we've seen a rebound of loons Since the 70s and 80s. We've seen more loons in New Hampshire, Vermont, for example Then we've had in the 70s 80s and 90s Okay, that's that's certainly better than some species and a lot of the smaller songbirds are considerably Threatened to a considerably greater degree We have one question about siblings Are there are there typically two eggs and two chicks or what What is the norm and how competitive are they?  Yeah, that's a great question and I talk about this a little bit in the book because I observed a Sybilicide event where the older chick picked the younger chick to death after like 18 days And other loon researchers and just other folks who've paid attention have watched Some Sybilicide that's taken place So for the most part a loon if you're going to go through the trouble of building an s You know better to lay two eggs and have some insurance with people is Inviable so loons typically will lay two eggs both will hatch But they'll hatch about a day apart and so the one chick that born first is always larger consistently What we found that during that you know four six-week period when they're developing And for some reason and it's unclear and I would say it's not due to shortage the food by any stretch or Neglection by the neglect by the parents But occasionally we will see an older sibling pack the younger sibling And not always to death, but we will see some aggression And we have seen some Sybilicide but for the most part that's uncommon And most of them will kind of be able to be supported by their parents And be able to raise two chicks. I will add this this is kind of an extension So so chicks are vulnerable definitely during the first two weeks, right? That's when their motor skills are undeveloped And up until four weeks of age around five or six weeks of age The motor skills have developed where they can dive quickly They're more alert and so if a loon chick can make it to four weeks And certainly by six weeks it's more likely to be able to fledge successfully So that's probably the tenuous time in the life of a loon chick. Is there early two to four-week period? Okay, you mentioned a number of the threats before but is uh lead From fishing gear uh Does that impact loons? Right by a leg lead poisoning. Sure, right and Lead toxicosis continues to be a concern and take a number of loons. So out of the necropsies that have been done in New Hampshire We see like 30 40 percent of the loons have died but could lead toxicosis And so to clarify just one split shot Of lead ingested by a loon and why would a loon do that? Well Loons use their gizzard to grind up fish bones, right? And so sometimes they're on the bottom of the set and picking up Uh pebbles and we're not really sure what the selection process is with that But it seems that ultimately they can pick up a split shot and that's enough to cause lead toxicosis so Several new england states right have had restrictions on on lead or size of fishing tackle And I think they have been very successful. I know out in washington state They reduced lead fishing on 13 or 14 breeding legs And over 10 years, we've seen loons have much higher mortality or much less mortality higher survivorship And it's kind of a success story. So if someone's looking for Some some evidence that Lead fishing tackle having success on loon chicks. That would be one place. I would direct them Yeah are You know in some of your shots, there were Quite a few loons gathered in On a body of water Is that seen in main at all or for further offshore? Yes, sure. I think Yeah, I think I've got the question and you can fill me in bill if I I didn't quite get it but One of the things that loons are noted for and something I studied for Four years was really intrigued by Is by mid to late summer Loons engage in what we've called social gatherings where they'll you leave their partner Swim onto the little lake other loons would join them They'll go through these very ritualized behaviors line swimming circle diving And it's really a curiosity why loons would do that like mid to late summer And they'll who they're mostly relaxed And so I was able to put some bands on loons and watch them And a number of the loons that were interacting in these social gatherings were unbanned birds So they were coming from outside the wildlife records while I was studying And I think these were birds that were like recognizing for potential territories potential mates And so I think there's some of that that takes place So on freshwater lakes Mid to late summer through the fall we tend to see that and I also think We've seen gatherings on large lakes the finger lakes in new york some big lakes here in main new hampshire squam one of us lucky and others Where loons will tend to aggregate in the fall and form fairly large flocks And might enhance their feeding success as necessary And then we do see some of that taking place in the ocean as well But a lot of oceanic birds tend to be solitary That's a long discussion as well But there are some social Aspects of loons in the winter, but many of them are solitary as well. So hopefully that answered Yep. Yes. Thank you when how when the first winter arrives for the young chicks How Do they do they migrate to the winter Saltwater areas with their parents or are they on their own? Yeah, and we were always fascinated by that because some populations of birds You know the young luna migration around from the adults, but in loons the adults leave the chicks two weeks to six weeks before The the chicks depart and so they have to figure out where to go right and so there must be some genetic predisposition in terms of orientation And probably detecting some levels of magnetic field around the earth And know somewhat to fly south southwest or south southeast There seems to be some movement And I do feel when they once they get to the ocean This is a new environment for them. And what I've noticed with Young birds that are like six seven months old As they really try to watch adults they're queuing in to like, what should I be feeding? What should I be eating? How should I be doing this? And I've almost seen the situation where adult works into a bay or a cove And then they'll did the chick or the young bird now that immature six seven months old Following the adult and learning so I think there's quite a bit of learning by observation In loons during the wintertime Well, that's that's great Uh, I pretty much covers our questions It has been an absolute pleasure to have you with us here tonight I encourage people to check out Jim's website jamesparook.com And uh, check out his book as well And thank you so much for joining us Hey, appreciate it. Thanks everybody for tuning in And we hope to see everyone next month Good night Good night


Pim in your final game of professional football, a long career where you might not really be able to fit it into a few sentences, but most importantly, how does it feel after getting on the score sheet in your last ever game? Yeah, it feels good definitely to finish with a goal, but especially with a win. I said to the boys before the game, I just wanted to thank you because they made it easy for me, for me here in Australia, and I enjoyed this time, and of course I enjoyed my career 17 years as a professional player, it was a long time, but a good time and I really enjoyed it. What was it important for you to come back during this period to support the boys? Yeah, to help and support the boys in this special time and especially to support them that this league will survive, because they deserved it the boys and they need this league and this is my biggest wish for them, that this league will survive, so that's important for me because they deserve the future, they deserve the career like I had and this was important for me. And the fans or the team mates, what are you going to remember when you're going back to Europe, what are you going to remember from Western Sydney? A lot, a lot. Of course the derby here, to be honest I never thought that this would happen, a game like this and the fans were crazy, it was a bit sad with the break that we had not any more full stadium, but this club is special and the fans definitely as well, very special, they deserved that we made the finals but we couldn't do this this year, so hopefully they can do it next year and I will support them from Europe. I'm a big fan now of the Wanderers and that was definitely the right decision to do this move and to feel this special club. Sviggler congratulations on an incredible career, thank you.