The University of Pikeville has found a new dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. Long-time UPIKE alumni and faculty member Ella Smith Justice was appointed to the position this semester and she is prepared to continue working closely with students. Her goal is to contribute to the growth of the university. Well I've been with Pikeville College slash the University of Pikeville. I began back in Pikeville College days in 2006. So I've been here in my 18th year at the University and I'm just absolutely thrilled to be in this role. This is something that when I began I didn't foresee in my future but as I've grown as a professional and higher education and I've gotten to work with the students and my colleagues more in a variety of capacities it's just been a wonderful path to be on and I'm just incredibly happy to be in this role right now and serving the University of Pikeville and the College of Arts and Sciences the best way I possibly can. Make your ride one of a kind and see the experts at J&M Custom Auto and Off-Road. It's your customization candy store. Visit jmcustomauto.com and select your making model. It's that easy. Window tanning, remote starts, leather interiors, sound systems, front and rear bumpers, spray and bed liners, bed covers, wheels and tires, lift kits, step rails, even under glow light kits and so much more. If you can dream it, we can do it at J&M Custom. Smith Justice is a firm believer of the Arts and Sciences program. With her experience, she plans to support the current majors and minors while making necessary adjustments in the future. I think the College of Arts and Sciences is at the heart of the institution. We have so many students in Arts and Sciences at U-Pike who interact with this college in so many different ways whether they're a major, a minor, or they're earning a certificate or they're just taking a course for the general education curriculum. We have such an impact our faculty and our staff does on the students who come through these doors and as you said we've got a tremendous variety of disciplines from humanities to social sciences to education to mathematics and natural sciences. With the number of programs in those we have approximately 20 minors and 20 majors. Several certificates that are based on careers and career skills and also associate's degrees so there's just a breadth of ways to incorporate that liberal arts and sciences knowledge and learning more about the world but transferring that into marketable skills and professional skills that students can absolutely utilize. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Nick Column.


Boom, what's up everyone? Welcome to Simulation. I'm your host Alan Sakyan. We are still on site in Brooklyn in New York. We are now going to be talking about all things comedy, all things writing, all things how we can learn from rejections. We have Emily Winter joining us. Hi. Thanks for coming on to the show. Yeah. Thanks for having me. I'm really excited for this conversation. I actually found Emily's work. She was on The Today Show last week. This is in January. This is a recording that's happening in January. I noticed how you were speaking about how important it was as a comedian, as a writer, as just anyone going through wanting to pursue their dreams, going through a period of getting rejected, putting yourself out there and getting accepted, getting rejected and all this kind of stuff. Anyway, I found you and I was like, I'm in New York. I want to talk to Emily. We've made this happen. I'm really excited. Here's a bit on Emily's background. Besides just being on The Today Show, her work has also appeared in The New Yorker and The New York Times on NPR, which she also writes for NPR's Ask Me Another. Also, she's been writing for about 15 years, doing comedy for about seven years. She also hosts her own podcast called How to Produce Live Comedy, which is really important because it helps people with understanding how to throw live events, which is so crucial. This is how we gain, build community and we learn. She's a former editorial director of Sparknotes and a bunch of other stuff. She's also at NBC, late night writers, workshop script judge.  I want to jump right into knowing about how you even came to realize writing, but before that, I really like having a big history perspective on things. I want to ask you about this. Humans find themselves now as stewards of Earth and humanity has gotten really complicated over the last 100 years with a massive population increase, massive exponential technologies now in the last couple of decades. Where do you see the current state of humanity? Oh boy. Well, I think it's a mess. I think you're right. Yeah, it's a big mess.  Like what is my, like what should, what's my role in this? And it's really hard. Like when you think about where we are and all of the sad things, like to just function in the world. So it's probably why I got into comedy because like it's just too sad. Sorry, was I supposed to be more upbeat? No, no, you're being realistic because it is, it's a little, it's a lot messy. It's a lot. Yeah, I mean, I'm engaged right now and I'm planning a wedding and like a very important part of, congrats. Oh, thank you. Nice. A very important part of like, you sure? 70 years? I hope so. But like, I don't want to have kids for this very reason. And I just, I feel like bringing another person into an overpopulated world is like, I'm lucky that I don't have the strong mommy feelings. And I think I understand people fighting that. But like, I definitely feel like it's not really the responsible thing to do. Now, maybe I'll get the feelings that my friends have that like, oh, I have to have a kid and I'll just say, I don't care if it's not responsible. I'm doing it anyway, because I just have to. But right now I just, I don't want to do that, you know, it just feels wrong. Damn, that's a really profound message because I feel very similarly that we have so many pressing issues that society's got to kind of like grow up from kindergarten. In many ways, ethically, morally, we have to figure out the resource flows amongst one another to raise the baseline of living for everyone more effectively. There's just not really space and time for people to be dedicating energy and resources towards procreating with. There's so many babies that need homes. Yeah. And this is like, there's different colors on the color rail.  So there's different colors.  I need to see what I can do about mimetics or disseminating ideas to more people through comedy and through writing. I mean, I definitely don't feel like a good person. Like, I'm not like, oh my god, I'm like, out here doing the work trying to make the world a better place. My sister is an anthropologist and she really is trying to make the world a better place. So I'm like, eh, my parents did okay.  But wait, can I swear on this? Okay. So, but I, yeah, I mean, I try where I can, but I don't compost. I'm not vegan. So I really cannot. I really can't say. Those are the two measurements. I don't do any, yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And then the, well, at least if we are potentially, you know, conscious of even even doing something like smiling when you walk down the street or not punching down when you're talking to people on the internet, right? These things also cascade big waves just like eating, not eating tons of meat or composting, things like that. Okay. We'll get more big history along the way. Emily, how does one even find themselves, you know, a decade and a half ago really enjoying writing and wanting to get deeper into it? How'd you find yourself there? I think I always liked writing. I was just, I kind of had a natural knack for it and I don't have a natural knack for many things. So that was like, oh, I'm going to pursue this. But I grew up in the Midwest and I didn't really know anything about like entertainment industry or comedy. And I don't know. I just, I majored in journalism and my first job out of college was writing for a newspaper in Wisconsin. And I just like didn't really, I couldn't really figure out beyond that how to be a writer beyond just like being a newspaper reporter or an author. And that seemed scary. So yeah.  And it's good that you also realize that there's like writing has is evolved a lot more from books to, to newspapers to now the digital publications are there's so many and there's so many options of diverse writing can write about specific sciences or you can write about like you were pointing towards like news or comedy. And so that's kind of where you found yourself. And finding a footing is more in like online writing. I would say so. I mean, it's hard. I had so many different writing jobs. Like when I moved to New York, my first job was a Vogue editor's assistant. So it was like Devil Wears Prada and we were writing a script together. I mean, as her writing assistant on a script. And then I gosh, then I was a production assistant, then I worked as a book packager. So coming up with book ideas and then fleshing them out and stuff. So and pitching them to publishers. And then I worked for Sparknotes and ran their blog and just stayed for a really long time. And so I like sort of worked my way up. So I've done kind of everything. And then I worked in TV, a couple different places, now radio. So it everywhere, you know, I think it's all the same. A joke is a, you know, a joke is a joke, whether you read it on paper or hear it on the radio. For those that don't know the nuance differences between what it's like on writing for publication or writing on radio or being on like a television program, tell us a little bit about those differences. Sure. So I mean, writing for television, there's a couple different things.  But here in New York, more of the jobs are like late night. So that's just more like packets where you're writing topical jokes on a really quick turnaround to get considered for those jobs. The radio job that I currently work in is very similar to that because we're writing for, we're writing for things that are happening that week in that month. So they are more like topical jokes. Yeah, I guess obviously we all know what a blog looks like and blog posting looks like in the literary world, putting a book proposal together is a sort of a big deal. You know, there's a lot of research involved. You're really trying to sell both like the writer and the concept to publishers. So that's when I worked in book packaging, that was a whole different type of writing, I guess. And then sometimes ghost writing a book, which is fun and scary and hard and big and yeah. Yeah. And then so now the comedy sort of entering, it likely always has been part of all different aspects of our lives. But now really, we're starting to see it pretty much everywhere we go. There's a version of comedy even in science and science comedy and science communication. It's kind of exciting to see it there because science is also a very funny thing in so many ways. Now tell us a bit about, you know, we see now comedy being something that is like a muscle that you got to train. You got to get really good at being able to be quick on your feet. And when you do that, you can almost like you can liven up crowds. You can liven up your conversation between people. But then there's like people that can sometimes be potentially, you know, they're like, Oh, well, I'm trying to have a serious conversation. So how do you like figure out where to like how do you use humor? Yeah, tell us about that. One thing that I thought that you just said that was so interesting was like the like talking about making that connection. And when you're on stage, so I've been doing stand up for about seven years. And I never thought that I would love it. But I loved it immediately. And when you're on stage and your jokes are working, and everyone is having the same good time, there's like an electricity in the air that is just like it's like, it's so weird, you can feel it. And it's like such a cool feeling. And I just it's like, it's so real, even though it's invisible, and it's amazing. So that is like something that I am always chasing that wonderful feeling. And it's like community, it's something that it's larger than the sum of its parts, you know, it's just beautiful. What are we talking about? Oh, when to be serious? I think it's really actually is a good question. I feel strongly about this. I can't stand I think a lot of people can't stand comedians that are always on, like they're always trying to like be the center of attention. And it's like, dude, you're at a birthday party for your friend, where we're all just like sitting at a dinner, like it's not about you, like stop trying to like win an award for funniest person at the table, you know, so it's just like, I don't know, I think like, you have to turn your joke brain off sometimes to like spare other people and also to spare yourself because it is work, like looking at the world and like taking an object and twisting it in every which way to find every angle on it is like a lot of mental energy. And so I think like we as comedians, you're kind of in a way always trying, you should be, I guess, like looking at the world from different angles, but like you gotta give it a rest and you gotta give everybody else a rest too. You know, it's not nice. I don't know. Those are really good points. First, you mentioned this sort of this this feeling of electricity that comes up in a room that's all laughing. That sort of energy, I think is probably one of the coolest things to feel period is when, you know, you're really connecting with an audience and either their, you know, their jaws are dropped because they're super in awe about what you're saying or they're laughing their asses off and yours having a good time from that, that that feeling of connection with a large group of people, it takes really hard work to learn how to do that really well. And so we'll we'll talk more about that later as well. And then you also mentioned how this is funny because I also think it's really important to look at objects from different angles and the situations and poke fun at them. But I do think it can be crazy sometimes dealing with people that are like, oh my God, give it a rest. Yeah, totally. Coming it to be funny all the time. Just like aren't you you must not be doing well enough in your career if you need like if you need constant attention outside of it. Just like, do you think Seth Meyers goes out to dinner and try and tries to like wow the whole restaurant? No, he does. He leaves his work and his work. I'm sure he's very pleasant to hang out with but just like people at the top of their game don't need to be constantly impressing people with their, you know, by being loud and silly and yeah, just be a person. And this is good. It's like you can be yeah, you can be chill and you can be serious and you can be humorous and you can mix them all in. It's kind of it's funny. There's different strokes for different folks. What's what? Okay, this seems to be something that's now arising more and more in our culture. There's this and it's not just in comedy. It's just political correctness in general. It's people feeling offended, you know, and at times, you know, rightfully so. Also, on the other side of things, it's kind of like a dictating or speech policing a little bit. Like, how do you see that? Yeah, I think it's a little complicated but I tend to air with the people who say be politically correct. Like, if you if what you're saying is offensive, it's offending multiple people. We were talking about this a little before like what, you know, there's always going to be somebody that's offended by everything. There's there are people that are offended by a woman literally being on stage. Like they do not so like you can't not offend somebody. But I think like, as far as political correctness, like try like why we should all be punching up, I think. And I think a lot of the people that are fighting for their right to make fun of minorities. Why? What is the purpose of that? Like, why do you have to put down a group that's already fighting so hard to for equality? You know, so that's that's my big question. What's why is that so important? And if you are doing something offensive and you do feel like you have a good point, maybe you just haven't found the right way to say it yet.  And now I don't say them anymore, because I just don't feel like it's my place. I, you know, I think we all have a we all have our perspective. And there are certain things that I'm just like, you know what, it's not my place to decide whether or not I get to talk about a certain group or whatever, because it's not my group. I'm just, if they don't, if that makes them uncomfortable, I respect that.  There's there's so much material that needs to be joked about. There's like, there's there's real life issues that we face all we're talking about this this complicated mess that is the current state of humanity with exponential technology and what we're doing with the internet and social media. There's so many jokes and wealth and equality. There's so many jokes available in those domains. And yet we use for some reason are targeting other groups or individuals. So there's I would totally sway in the favor of like enriching people's awareness by talking about complex subjects that that are going to again just open people up to a new perspective on on on the world that really needs to happen.  Do you see that as an issue as well? That's interesting. I feel like my whole life people have been like, can you take a joke? Can't take a joke when they are just like making fun of women or like throwing stereotypes at me. And I'm like, no, that's a bad joke. It's an old joke.  I'm done taking this joke. And so I don't really feel that way. I sure there's always going to be I don't think it's necessarily generational or anything. There's always going to be people who are offended and are crabby.   I'm sick of it.    Not to say that we have it the hardest. We absolutely do not. But yeah, I don't want to have to laugh at that. I'm sick of it. Everybody's doing the same joke. I'm not going to laugh if it's not funny.  But I'm you know, I just feel like you in comedy here the same thing over and over and over it. I'm not going to laugh if it's not funny. Yeah, ethics are evolving in many ways. And I think one of comedies, if comedy has a goal towards some sort of a truth, I would say that it's comedy has a goal of trying to help people evolve their ethics more towards like an equality of opportunity for all people. And to really see that like we are all one in that we are all need to figure out how to work together on this planet. And so that's like a good goal of comedy. And there's in my opinion, there's so many ways to to help identify the evolution of ethics. This is so big because let's move to kids because kids and children, I don't think necessarily even know that comedy is an option for them. A lot of the time we talk to comedians when they say no, there's like really no real mentorship or indication that you can make a career out of comedy, even writing writing, there is at least a little bit of an indication that you can like make a career out of writing. But so yeah, how can you maybe pass along some advice to young people that might want to get involved in comedy? I think that it's actually really smart to go in if you're like performing comedy to go in with the idea that there is no way to make a living like honestly, because like it will take so long that like you should have a day job like throw some energy into getting a day job that is related or getting a skill that like you enjoy something to enrich your life and also pay your rent while you do this because performing is so crazy and unpredictable. And I'm so lucky that I have writing and I was a writer first. But yeah, I think a lot of people just say oh, I'm going to do comedy and like think that they're going to be rich and famous. But so many of my friends have had half hours on Comedy Central and they're like, hey, can I walk your dog? I can't quite make rent this month. So it's not easy. And it's not glamorous. But I think that if you get another skill, it can only help your comedy. You'll have stuff to talk about like, you know, you can do jokes about your day job and going into an office and it's hard and it's really, really tiring to basically have a double life. But you kind of gotta, you have to do it. Yeah, that's also another part of this like entrepreneurial hustle too is that the self sustaining grind is so crucial. It teaches you a lot.  There's there's also something about comedy that's like you got to watch a lot of the best and then kind of learn from how they set up jokes and and and you can practice that you're going to fall on your face, you know, you talk about this as well.  And so you got to be resilient in that sense. Absolutely. Yeah. Let's let's talk a bit about that resilience.  And you actually got like 43 acceptances.   Tell us about it. Yeah. So my New Year's resolution was 100 rejections for 2018 and I ended up getting 104 and 104 rejections, 43 acceptances. I have a couple still in my pending. I'm not really sure what's happening with this pile. A lot of my rejections were just no response, which I think I wrote about this for the New York Times and a lot of the comments were like, well, are these no response? What are these? People don't even tell me no, like how are you getting all these noses? And like, no, ghosting is a no. Like, if it was dating, you wouldn't be like dating someone and be like, Oh, well, he hasn't responded to my texts for a year, but we're still he's still my boyfriend. You know what I mean? If somebody's ghosting you in a professional setting, it's the same. They don't want you they're not interested. They don't want to buy what you're selling. So it was a lot of that. And it was a it was just an experiment that I did to try to reframe the way I look at rejection and to push myself a little bit farther and see what I could get if I was just being a little bit more of a go-getter. And I considered myself to be an extremely hard worker in a go-getter before that. But what would an extra push do for me? And it did it was it was wonderful. I mean, I got to do things that I never thought I would have been able to do. Yeah.  This is a great goal. It's a great goal to reach out to over 100, make 100 plus requests to get work and see how your your background sort of tests against what they're looking for in a candidate and get feedback on that. Get these gigs and go through them. And I think there might even be there's like a really deep lesson in this of like perseverance and resilience. What do you think you gained from that side of things? I think that I sort of learned that like it's not bad to ask for things and nobody's really not everyone's thinking about you. So if you want something you have to ask for it and it's just so important. And I had these limitations on myself. Like I always thought that I was like not smart enough to write for the New Yorker. And I always wanted to write chouts and merbers for the New Yorker. I read them all the time. They're so funny. And I submitted two pieces and they got in and I'm like, I put these limitations on myself. No one told me that I was not fit for it. I told myself that. So I mean, I just learned like I need to erase all these things that I had previously thought about myself. Yeah, I think that that's kind of that's kind to just push a little harder. But the other thing is that what I've learned from bouncing the idea off people and telling them what I did, like I reached for things that I was afraid to reach for, but also it's not out of the realm of possibility. I wasn't like, I'm going to try out for the WNBA today and then put that on my rejection list.  Like, you know what I mean? Like you need to like, put in the work of going to those open mics for a couple of years, then start your own bar show, ask for other similar shows, like ask for things that are a step or two above you, but not 20 steps above you. So that's another piece of it. Yeah, those are really good pieces of feedback. So wherever we're at with what we're doing, what we're passionate about, what we mean, what we find most meaningful in life, it's that we really got to stretch ourselves to take more opportunities and seize those doors that are kind of available to us by making a cool resolution. Like I'm going to go and ask these hundred doors. I'm going to go and knock at these doors and the ones that are a level or two above you is also really good to go and try and dig and find these connections and build these networks. And I like your example of like I didn't just go trial for the WNBA and add that to my rejection list. Yep, yep. Okay. Other things that you think are important to address before we get to these last couple of questions? In regards to the rejection project or just any... In general, yeah, comedy, writing. Gosh, I just, I didn't, everyone says like, oh, when you get into this, it's going to be so hard and there's going to be so much rejection. And I was like, yeah, I know. And then when you do an experiment like this or make a resolution where you're actually listing your rejections, it made me really see it differently, see it for the first time in that way, where you're like, wow. And you know, one of my New Year's resolutions this year is to do one item of self-care a week because I realized after looking at all this rejection that I was really putting myself through a lot. And I have to, I don't know, we should just be nice to ourselves. It's so hard to do this. And if you're in a field where you're getting rejected all the time, go and get a massage.  Do something for yourself. Take yourself out to eat because it's actually really affecting you. And I just didn't realize how much all of this negativity in my life that it was also present. And so now I'm trying to be more mindful of the negativity that I'm bringing into my life as I'm trying to ascend in my career. Yeah. The two points there. First is listing the reason why you get what your rejections are. I've saved a bunch of my rejections and I go and look at them because it's really important for me to motivate myself to want to achieve more. And I motivate myself by doing that. And also like another thing is, you know, you talk about self-care. Self-care is really important. And knowing what brings us to a state of calm and a state of whatever we want to do in the flow and like how do we get there most effectively and like triggering that within ourselves. Okay. We started the conversation talking about how complex and messy civilization has become. What are some of your solutions to the mess? Oh, I don't know. I just hope that somebody else figures it out. I don't know. This is the thing. Like, I don't know how to save the world. Like, I just, I try to vote right and donate money to organizations I believe in and I try not to eat meat. And that's like, I don't know. I'm trying to not buy fast fashion. But I just, all I know are like things that I can do on in my life on my level to try to be responsible. But I don't have like big scale answers. I think we need a different president for sure. Yeah. I think we need more, you know what? We need women. We need more women. There's a lot more now in this freshman class of, but I think more women in politics in general would be really helpful. I think we have all the answers and we can save the world. We're just, we're not, we're, I'm sorry, but men are just inherently slightly more evil, I think. We have to have control. I think there's quite a bit of, of neurodiversity of diversity and thinking that needs to enter the political sphere and into just stewardship sphere in general. Yeah, a lot of the people that are of great like corruption and greed and evil malevolence, et cetera, are in many ways, are men. And that, I always like to run this simulation of what it would have evolved like if it was a matriarchy. Yeah, like how would things have evolved? And then what I do after that is then I take the best of what could have evolved as a matriarchy and the best of what evolves as a patriarchy and I try and smash those things together into like an equality. And I hope that's where, that's where we get. What do you think about, what do you think about? I think the world's gonna blow up before that happens. I'm not very optimistic. I don't know. We're all gonna be living on a moon, on the moon. Yeah, I don't know. I think that's, what is the best case scenario for a matriarchy? Yeah, that's a great question. I'm glad you asked that. I think the amount of nurture that occurs that especially that both in like social relationships and also between children and mothers and parents. But I think that's a really good one is the level of nurture. I do think that women have, we're, I mean I see this, this thing where women are very hard workers because we're told like since we're children that you have to work super hard to get what you want and you have to, you know, you gotta be, get great grades and you have to be pretty and you gotta play sports and you gotta do all these things and I feel like for some reason in my generation, in this like millennial, I'm like on the older side of millennials, but the guys are really not matching. I mean, I'm not saying anything new, the idea of a man-child, but it's really a wild and interesting phenomenon and I just see it across my generation. That's not to say that there aren't millennial men who have worked really hard and are super talented, but like overall, like the women are just like dedicated hard workers and I feel like guys were like, I'm okay with the sea and I just like want to play my video games, you know? Like they're like, I don't really need to be on honor roll, I just need to be happy and like it's just, it's so different how we were raised. Man, I wonder, like we were talking earlier about how like people can't really get offended by facts, like people shouldn't be offended by facts. And you know, it'd be interesting to see what some of the like factual data is here. Men have a voice, have a proclivity to play video games. Girls have a proclivity to talk to each other on social media and stuff like that. And so it's just like trying to figure out where this all comes from. Yeah, part of it. And then also like, yeah, also just again running the actual simulation of what it would be like to have a full fledged matriarchy and take the best from that a full fledged patriarchy have the best from that, or, you know, run a full fledged equal equality of opportunity experiment and then see what that would actually look like. Yeah. Okay, what is a core driving principle of yours? That's so interesting.  It just helps me get through the world. But it's pretty negative, isn't it? I do sort of believe that and I find it very helpful, because I tend, I think also as a woman, to really worry about what people think about me and really get in my head and tell myself that I'm not worthy enough.  So in a way, it is sort of a positive spin. I think I will hold on to that mantra for a little while longer. In fact, my fiance is like the most positive man in the world and like he would be so horrified to hear this right now. Yeah, and I was thinking as you were saying that, like, I can see how it could potentially, you know, benefit someone, but all this, like, like maybe for you to say, but at the same time, it's like, we like to try and humanize, right? We like to try and find the real good in each other. Right.   Yeah, I don't like the idea that everyone is inherently good is a little condescending to me. I don't know. I think I think it helps me. My brain is broken too. I'm like, yeah, I have comedy brain, I have depression and anxiety and all of that. So for me to, I think I just need more of a negative place to start. It just helps me function. I mean, because you're talking to a girl who, my goal was 100 rejections last year. So I really come from a sad place. A big learning lesson. Yeah, and then I like work from there. But I guess maybe that's part of just what helps me, what helps me move through the world. Now, if you could rebuild civilization from scratch, how would you design it? Pink. I don't know. Oh, God, I would put New York City and Hollywood in the same place. That is one thing that's very annoying. What else? What else? What else? I've never thought about that. That's so interesting. Gosh, if you would have asked me like 10 years ago, I would have been like, dude, I think we should all live with our friends in communal settings and then always each other's babies. And I'm like, I think what I'm describing as a cult. But I always thought that would be really fun. I don't know. I think more sports bras has less high heels. Can we go with that? I'm down. I'm down. Yeah. Yeah. That's comfortability. Yeah. Huge comfortability. How about, do you think this is a simulation? Everything's a simulation. No, I don't understand.  It would be kind of nice. Wouldn't it just like take some of the stress off if this was a simulation? Why am I so stressed out? I shouldn't be. I don't have any free will at the end of the day. I kind of hope it's a simulation. It actually makes me feel really happy to think about that. Do you think it's a simulation? There's some good arguments for it. Yeah. Does it make you feel happy when you think about it? I just got so happy. Yeah. Well, I think that we will soon be potentially writing our and computing our own simulation of the evolution of a planet orbiting a star and then we'll see ourselves evolving in that simulation and we'll be like, Oh, so this is just another level. Oh my God. I'm going to have such trouble writing jokes about this. It's too cerebral. It's very exciting though. I think it's a really good thought experiment. And I'm just ready for like the end, the end screen. Like you leveled up 17 times, gained 3400 experience points. Here's all the trash that you use then it just like trucked like dumps trash. Oh my God.  Yeah, just funny. Yeah, stuff like that could be funny. Okay. Last question is what do you think is the most beautiful thing in the world? Oh, that's such a sweet question. I mean, this is so hokey, but love. I mean, when I am laying in bed with my fiance and our pit bull, and we are all just snuggled up together. I think it is the most beautiful thing and the best feeling in the world.  It that moment is the perfect moment. Yeah. What about you? Yeah. I like yours a lot. We hear love a lot. Love is a really important one. You make it clear that it's so profound for you that it makes everything else worth living. That's really beautiful. Yeah, probably the fact that we somehow managed to evolve here on earth and you know, we find ourselves here as stewards of the planet and we have to figure out how to work together because, yeah, if we don't be a sad thing, if we don't. So I want to figure out how to do that. And so I think that's the most beautiful thing of the earth and all of its inhabitants, including animals, plants, et cetera. Thanks for asking. Yeah. And thanks for joining us on the show. Thank you for having me on. I really appreciate it. Thanks for coming on. And everyone, check out Emily's work and the links in the bio. Go and check it out. Let us know your thoughts on the episodes we'd love to hear from you in the comments below. Let's get the conversations rolling about how to more easily succeed with our goals and go and launch ourselves out to more opportunities and not be fearful of rejections. Pick up some comedy, pick up some writing, go do your thing. Also, go and build the future, everyone, manifest your destiny into the world. We love you very much and we will see you soon. Peace.


Hello, everyone. Myself Dr. Pallaviji, junior resident, department of behavioral diagnosis. Myself medical colicum research institute. Myself, I would like to thank Indian behavioralists for giving this opportunity. My paper is on magnetic resonance imaging, DIN, and magnetic resonance venography in the evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis. Coming to the introduction, cerebral venous thrombosis is literally uncommon neurologic disorder. It is potentially reversible which is caused by internal obstruction, thrombosis, or external condition. The clinical presentation is variable and venous thrombosis is interpreted into the CDM multifoccal decreases, seizures, and coma. Conventional digital subtraction in cerebral angiography, CT, MRA, and recently MR venography, and the CT venography have been used to diagnosis this condition. Over the last decade, magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be an effective alternative to this method with the use of MR venographic techniques. It is fast becoming one of the majority of the drugs for the diagnosis and evaluation of the neural science. And the cerebral venous thrombosis is variable, MRA facilities available. Some special MRS sequences such as diffusion with MRA, or related to new MRA techniques which is based on the molecular motion of the water is sensitive for detecting strokes due to the cytotoxic anovation in the mouth. Time frame MR venography is the most commonly used for the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. The combination of MRA, MR venogram, which allows for an accurate diagnosis of CVT, and is now the cold standard in the administration of the species. Come to the aims and objectives. It is to evaluate the findings of cerebral venous thrombosis using T1-V18-2-flame, diffusion-mated images, and a magnetic resonance venography. And to study the pattern of distribution of the superficial ideal cerebral venous thrombosis on magnetic resonance venography. And to study the pattern of changes associated in the cerebral venous thrombosis. Come to the materials and methods. Study design is a descriptive study was conducted. The source of the subjects of the study work, the patient who are found to have a CVT on MRA and MRD in the hospital attached to the Mysore Medical College and the Institute of Mysore. The samples are just our study was put in. The calculation is based on the prevalence of cerebral venous thrombosis as evaluated by the MRA which is equal to 25% with the available absolute error considered at 6%. Standard normal reading for 6% or 5% which is of 4%. Inclusion criteria, all the patients come informed by the MRA and MRD as a several millionth thrombosis. All age groups and the both success are included. Exclusion criteria, the patient having a stroke, claustrophobia, the patient having a stroke, metallic implants, incision, cardiac pacemakers, and a metallic foreign body institute.  The technique, all the patients were related with the 1.5-pesla MRA-8 channel G-devo MRD machine. The sequences used were axel, t-men, spin echo, sedative t-men play, axel and coronary T2, fast spin echo, axel play, axel T2 star, and 2B, time effect sequences. The results of the study were in our study, the major patient born in the age group of 2030 years. In our study, the mean age group of the patient was in 30 or 4 decades. In our study, there was a female pacemaker who had a number of childbirths in the age group of 40 or 44. It shows theность of the patient depending on the cause of the patient. The case in which the cause of the patient was born. It was followed by alcohol consumption, Manhadesh, and sexes. In the present study, the focal grain abnormalities were found in 74% of the cases. The most common focal grain abnormality was hemorrhagic infarction, which is found in 54% of the cases, followed by a non-hemorrhagic infarction in 20% of the cases. This chart, which shows a distribution of patients with the CVD, depending on the sciences, is involved. In the present study, the most common signage to be apricate was the superior sedative sinus, followed by the left transfer sinus. And in detection by the MRV and at 192-quitted sequences. The chi-square value of 4.017 and the probability value of 0.896 reveals a non-significant difference between the MRV diagnosis and the T1 and T2 divorces of the number of patients with a CVT. In the star, we can see the detection of 42 venous tomases with T2 star and the T1 and T2 sequences. Chi-square value of 1.9 2g and the probability value of 0.160 reveals a non-significant difference between the T2 star diagnosis and the T1 and T2 divorces of number of patients with a cortical venous tomases. Here you can see the detection of the almost deep venous segments with the MRV, T2 star and the T1 sequences. The chi-square value of 6.4 and the probability value of 0.011 reveals a significant difference between the T2 star diagnosis and the T1 and T2 diagnosis of the extent of thrombosis of deep venous system. Similarly, a significant difference between the MRV diagnosis and the T1 and T2 diagnosis of the extent of thrombosis of the deep venous system was noted. Coming to few examples, here the case 1, there is an axiom T2 and the flay hyperintensities is noted in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamine and the periventricular regions. In image axiom T2 star, image is showing a blooming artifact in the throat, the internal cerebral veins such to have thrombosis and a blooming artifact in the left lateral ventricles such to the interventricular hemorrhage. This is a 2D took off mid-image which is shown absent of 4 in the slight sinus. So, it is a lateral sinus, bilateral transverse sinus, left-sigma sinus, and bilateral internal cerebral veins such to have thrombosis. In case 2, it is shown the hemorrhage impacts in bilateral and the left occipital lobes such to have thrombosis. In example 3, the axiom T2 vacate image which is showing loss of flow while in the right transverse and the sigma sinus which happens to flow in the same just you know 2D time of flight mid-image towards thrombosis. In example 4, here you can see the coronary duty image which is showing hemorrhage impact in the left lateral lobe with the axiom T2 star image which is showing hemorrhage impact in the left lateral lobe along with the blooming artifact in the superficial corticulum such to have thrombosis. This is a 2D took off mid-image which is only how this is shown in the right transverse sinus and sigma sinus such to have thrombosis. In example 5, it is a coronary duty image which is showing the loss of flow while in superior lateral sinus and left transverse sinus and the sigma sinus which happens to flow in the same just you know 2D took off mid-image such to have thrombosis. Coming to the discussion of a study which included a 50 patients who were admitted to take a serovibinous thrombosis in which serovibinous activity is thought to be more turbulent than in me. The most common age group in the recurrent study was in the current study was found to be between the 20 to 30 years of age with a mean age of patients 36.1 years. Pippuram was the most common cause of serovibinous activity in the present study. It was followed by alcohol consumption, rehabilitation, and sex. And 20% of the patients the cause of serovibinous activity could not be identified. These results agree with the study but not because it the most common predisposing factor was Pippuram which they found in 200 out of 230 cases of CVT. In the present study, CVT due to the internal thrombosis was seen 94% of the cases being caused by the X-ray composition by the malignancy in the study connected by that. At the lateral internal thrombosis was most common cause of serovibinous activity occurred in 86.7% of the patients. The most common cause of serovibinous activity in the present study was hemorrhagic infarction. This one had 24% of the cases followed by 20% of the cases by hemorrhagic infarction. The present study, the most common sign is to be effective was today's lateral sign is followed by the left transverse and the superficial cortical veins were inverted 28% of the cases. The condition of hemorrhage in the V-axis, CVT to be currently diagnosed and now the ghost and the diagnosis of this disease. The current study 48% patients had a loss of flow in our absorbed P1 and P2 images of the 50 patients who had a CVT confirmed on hemorrhage. In two patients, MRV confirmed the CVT even though only two of the loss of flow was detected on the condition of hemorrhage. Regarding the extent of thrombosis in individual sinuses in the 50 cases of the 2020 thrombosis detected on MRV, cross of the flow was noted only in ancient sinuses. It was well established that the postures are common on spin-neko sequences due to the slow flow in the plane flow and entry since slice phenomenon. This coupled with the discrepancies in our study between the conventional sequences and MRV. After 15 deep end venous segments involved in six patients, MRV and a T2 star images detected the thrombosis in all the 15 segments. However, P1 and T2 images detected thrombosis in the vein of the gallon in two of the patients. The above findings shows the significance of T2 star sequences in CVT direction. Coming to the conclusion, Cerebral venous occlusion disease is an illusion often under the diagnosed cause of the antidiagnosis cause of the active neurological duration. The technique of choice for the diagnostic assessment and the follow-up of the dual venous sinuses thrombosis is an MR angiopathy. The most comprehensive non-invasive stage in viral diagnostic modality for vascular anatomy delineation, Cerebral venous thrombosis diagnosis and six endocrine involvement, parenteral involvement, collateral circulation, purpose prediction and the follow-up is a magnetic resonance venous venevapy combined with a magnetic resonance in making. These are my references. Thank you.


Many students have told me that they struggled to remember how to connect an ammeter and a voltmeter. They mixed them up. So I have an amonic that may help you. I remember that a voltmeter starts with a V, which means it's just visiting the circuit. So it is attached to a circuit which is already complete. While an ammeter starts with an A because I am in the circuit or I'm am a part of a circuit or I am in the circuit. So I hope that amonic helps, but if it's not feel free to ignore it and find your own way to remember which way around the voltmeter and the ammeter go.


We're now going to have presentation from Steve Lasker and Justin Cormack about building, signing, distributing SPDXS bombs as artifact reference types. Please take it away. Hi, thanks for the intro, good to be here. Yeah, so Ms. Diva here, we've been doing this work, this kind of work spun out of the CNCF Natory project and it kind of crosses over into many different areas. So we'll kind of cover that as we're going. But we're working on this as a general way to support supply chain work across artifacts. We'll talk about all that is in more detail. But the main thing we want, you know, just starting off artifact registries, you may know them as container registries, but we're going to talk about how they're useful for lots of other types of artifact as well. And we're going to talk about references and basically attaching additional metadata to images in order to support supply chain use cases. So one of the supply chain things might be to keep cameras working. So I apologize for my video coming and going. So we'll just skip that and focus on the content. The, you know, as Justin said, that we have started this work a while incubation of notary. We saw this general application. So that's how we've wound up here. I'm just going to use like, wow, I'm not sure why things are changing. Anyway, we're going to focus on not on the bugs of why things are moving by themselves and assume that maybe this PowerPoint should be signed. Anyway, so we have this content workflow model and one of the fundamental differences that we saw with notary as we were doing it versus v1 versus v2 is the best practice of intent from the internet is you take possession of that content into your environment. So there's this content movement of signatures of the content that should go. So I take an image from why the networks might be a software company that publishes some they put it on Docker hub, then they might find them and they consume them, but they shouldn't be pulling it from Docker rub or M sure any other public one, bring it into the Acme Rockets environment and consume from there. We want to make sure the signatures can go with that. Turned out that was a generally useful application. It could also be used for SPDX's or, you know, any other artifact type, maybe scan results. So that was the incubation that we did there. The, you know, where any reference type. So we've got a couple here. We've also been looking at security scan results that can be attached to an image or anything might be attached to a helm chart. And there are some formats even evolving there. The source of the product that you're consuming, you might want to attach it so that you can get it. The whole premise is that you shouldn't have to go to some other place to get the content that you need where, you know, the supply chain, secure supply chain reference types. It should be wherever that image is for the thing that you're doing. Yeah. So basically, we want everyone to be able to easily attach any of these additional forms of metadata of which signatures and S bombs are the ones we've seen initially the most demand for, but to any, you know, to any kind of content that they're moving around between registries or and across their environments so that you can always, you know, have the pieces you need available to check them, verify them, validate them, where you need them. Let's just be anything. So we see the artifacts are copied across these different environments. And that kind of sounds like a great optimization, but this becomes much more reality. We have yet to find a customer that doesn't want to put their production, the production environments in some kind of isolated vnet that limits the access, outbound access, possibly inbound access. So this is the traditional problem of as I move from public shared internal they are pulling their base images from a common location to dev to staging and production at some point that's gone into a vnet environment that they don't have access to Docker hub or quay or NVIDIA or any of the other public locations or you know, get up for that matter. So the idea is that they travel with and how would we do that because registries? Well, I'm jumping ahead. Yeah, where is this info? So container registries started off about seven years ago or so with Docker hub was the first one and they were simply used as a means of distribution of container images to production container environments, but they've really evolved a lot since then. We're now seeing an awful lot of different types of artifact being stored in container registries. So things like WebAssembly, Helm charts and open policy agent conflicts and so on. So the registries, you know, the registry expanded into general artifact registries and this is increasing and in a sense they've become yet another storage solution. They've become a generic way of storing content address binary artifacts that are cheap and easy to distribute and widely available as commodity services that you can either run yourself or get from a cloud provider or you know, whatever else. So they're often available locally in production clusters and they're available, you know, centrally in the in the cloud or a sense of services like Docker hub. So there's something that you can rely on in a way that other artifact distribution, it really hasn't hasn't given that kind of widespread availability of authenticated and easily available and available as a service distribution of artifacts. And you know, we've gotten as far as to experiment further with, you know, can this infrastructure be used for some of the existing things that are out there? I try to focus on things that don't yet have a solution and not really, you know, not if any broke, don't fix it. It turns out some of these things are broke. They don't necessarily have the vnet, the geo replication, the double encryption of rest. I mean, it picked the problem that people keep on piling on to the requirements they want from their quote package managers.  The goal with artifact registries is basically said, look, focus on your thing that you want to build. Don't worry about building another one and we'll kind of elaborate on that.  Users don't want to have 10 different ways to manage their artifact content. They want fewer because each one of them requires a set of configuration and environments and so forth. And I don't know if the spdx community or the cyclone dx community or the helm community or any of the other ones really want to go build yet another package manager because not only do they have to build it, design it, somebody has to run it, so it certainly costs them some problematic. So, the goal here is that, you know, we definitely want, the multiple artifacts do exist. There's no one artifact type that sorbs them all. There's just lots of them, they're creating every day, that's the goal of this, right? But should they have to create a service that goes alongside of it. Now what we've been seeing with signatures and S-bombs and scan results, it's not just around storing individual artifacts in the registries, it's how do I create relationships between those. And the, yeah. So, reference types are essentially a way of associating additional, one additional artifact or multiple additional artifacts with a target. So, you want to attach an S-bomb, X-post to, you know, the binary or you want to attach a signature to a binary or you want to attach source code to a binary and so on. So, they're associated artifacts and we've seen this pattern of people wanting multiple associated artifacts of different types and to be able to move them around either with or separately and add more artifacts without changing the content hash of the base artifact, which is what you have to do if you build a new artifact combining these in a content address store. And the detachable thing solves not only the ability to not have to change the digest or the unique identifiers in registries that happens because the interesting one is, you know, it's two analogies I use, one going into the airport. And when you go to the airport, when we used to do it and for the folks that are returning, you know, you show up and you give them, and maybe it's more of a passport office, but if you go to the airport, you're giving them some document that they don't allow you through the security gate. You hand the document to somebody, that person on the other side of the gate is evaluating, you know, your passport, your driver's license, whatever, and then does it match the boarding pass that you're being requested to use to get onto the plane. If they agree, they'll stamp your boarding pass and you're allowed through. The similar thing we see with, you know, with registries and content deployment. I don't want to pull the binary to an environment and then evaluate a signature that's attached to the binary because now the binary is already in the environment. We want to say, hey, I wanted to play this thing by a tag or a digest and I'm the S-bomb client and I want to validate that. Well, I'm going to take the name of the thing, the net monitor image, let's say, net monitor V1. Hey, do you have any SPDXs associated with that? Yes, I do. Let me hand you that. I'm not going to bring you the binary yet. Here's the SPDX document and the client can evaluate. So we're taking that airport analogy and using it here as well for how we validate separable but referenced objects. So that's kind of what we're talking about here. If we look at this flow, Justin, do you want to take this one? Yeah, so if you're looking at a flyer where you've got a target artifact, so you've got this net monitor artifact here and you push that into your registry, then the next thing you can do is add a signature that refers to that artifact includes the signature and says this here is the signature for this artifact and then you can attach an S-bomb to the object as well. So this is the S-bomb for this object and then you can also attach a signature for the S-bomb which says, you know, I've signed this S-bomb. You can trust that this is what's actually in the object and so you can be sure that you can rely on the S-bomb to know what's inside the object because it's got a signature that you trust. So this gives you a set of, you know, three additional objects on top of the base object that all linked to it. So let's kind of set up. Let's do some demos here of how this all works. So I'm going to just build an image and I've just done some environment variables here to make things a little simpler. It's basically the registry web and networks is the name of the company and they have this net monitor software named V1. So that's great and I can push that image to a registry that supports the reference types and that's there. Life's all good. But and one of the things that we wanted to be able to show is, well, how do I see what this graph is? Well, right now I've only pushed the image. So this ORAS tool that we have, it's the CNCF project for how to work with registries and reference types and artifacts, we can see there's a discover command with a new tree view that lets me see what's there. Right now we just have the stump. To be a little more generic, let's just say I put something on disk called something.json. It doesn't really matter. I could push this as a generic CLI. I could push it to the repo with an artifact type of something and it's referencing the image, the net monitor image and then just add that file and now it's been pushed to the registry. If I do an ORAS discover again, what you'll see is there's the net monitor image and now here is that thing that I added to it and that's just the artifact type and that's just the digest of it. So you're starting to see that tree get built. Now, let's say that I wanted to do this with SPDX. What you could do this with ORAS and the tools like turn and so forth. What we've done here, this is a total mock-up. I want to be clear here. This is just a mock-up of the scenario of how I would push an SPDX that has a signature and maybe I want to validate it. So here we've wrapped turn to be able to run an SPDX document. So that's what's been generated here and but because it's wrapped in this SPDX push that if I were to discover, let me just clear this out here, we now see that in addition to that thing that I've added, I've also added an SPDX S-bomb and it's got a notary vt signature associated with that. So we kind of build up these really robust experiences by using the notary libraries, the ORAS libraries to be able to take something like an S-bomb and put it into the registry. Now, you can extend it further. Let's say I had an SPDX LS. This is a way to say, well, I actually only care about the SPDX documents associated with the image. So it basically says, hey, registry, what reference types do you have of artifact type org.spdx.sbombv3? And it says, well, I have one. And then it looks at anything that hangs off it as well like the notary vt signature. So it could validate it. Now, we've just approved that we've taken this as a mock up for an example of something. We've got an SPDX, we've added an SPDX validate. And what it's going to do is compare the images, compare the documents that have been generated as a policy and say whether this thing is my policy. Now, I'm making the interesting thing about SPDX and S-bombs is they're telling you the ingredients that went into the thing. If I'm looking, you know, at a physical assembly of parts, I can see what those pieces are. But if I have a bowl of soup, it's all the ingredients are mixed together. I can't other than do some DNA analysis on it. I don't know what's in that soup. There's, you know, on this side of the can, it says what the ingredients are. Great. Now I know. I might not like pepper or Justin may not like pepper like that or I'm allergic to pepper or allergic to peanuts or something. I can't tell by looking at the soup whether peanuts are in it. I have to look at the list of ingredients. So I'm going to validate this image and the policy here says, you know, the packages that are in it I'm good with. So the soup is good. Everything's wonderful here. And that's, you know, the package type that might have been referenced together in the S-bomb. I'm going to build another one that has some pepper ingredients and that might be fine for some groups. I can push the image that's the pepper image to my registry, my network's registry. And now I'm going to do an SPDX push of the pepper image. And you'll see there's more ingredients in this one. So it'll go a little bit longer. And as a result, once this is done, it's a lot of ingredients, I'll be able to ask the SPDX LS CLI for what is currently in the registry. So I can see that I have a pepper image. It's got an SPDX S-bomb, so it lists all the ingredients, including pepper, and it's got a notary signature to make sure that nobody's missing with it. In this case, if I try to validate this, I don't want pepper. So I get no soup for you, right? The validation has failed because this document has said what the ingredients are, and I don't allow those ingredients in my environment. So that's kind of a quick demo of how all this comes together with being able to add detached objects that are referenced to objects that are in the registry. And you can do this offline as well. One of the notary signature scenarios is definitely everything is built offline in a very secure, isolated environment. The images built, the signatures are added to the image, the S-bomb is built, the S-bomb signatures are added, and then I would push those up to a registry as a unit. There's still separate objects, but I don't have to push the image to the registry just to sign it. Those manifests can be built locally. And then just to kind of give an example of where this goes, if you look at, you know, today if you want to take something from Docker Hub and put it into your private environment, you can just run Docker pull, Docker push, right? Docker pull, Docker tag, Docker push to be complete. What we want to be able to do is enable this graph. This is why it's important to have things as standards for registry implementations so that we can build lots of interesting tooling around all of this so that there's an SPDX tooling, there's an S-bomb, a notary tooling, there's the food tooling, the security scan results, whatever somebody wants to build that you can create a graph. And now if I say, and I just totally made the CLI up of OCI Reg copy, what's the source? What's the target? And now it can copy that graph because it can read from the registry in a generic way. It doesn't need to know about S-bombs or signatures. It says, let me understand that graph and I can copy it across. Now that content is available in that air-gapped environment so that my environment can work guess what all the different artifact types are. Because they're well-known, this is not just like, let's grab on some random annotation and put something in there, we can start doing things like include references or exclude references. So you have this deeper ability to how that graph is managed. Justin? Sorry, I was just looking at, sorry, we're just answering the questions. Nisha was asking about, can we attach other signatures like a GPG signature? I was saying that, I mean, this is a very generic scheme where you can basically reference any kind of object to any other kind of object and you can use it very generically, but we are working on common standards that are basically acceptable and widely used by common tooling. Because, you know, as you see from all the Steve's examples of this tools are going to mock up, the more specific tooling is, the easier it is to actually use. And so while we can make very generic tooling, that means the user has to do more work and specific tooling for specific use cases makes things easier. So we're working on standardized signature formats as part of Notary V2 project. And we're assuming, you know, we'll be supporting standardized formats for how, you know, this is how you store SPDX in a registry. This is how you store other types of things, just so that the tooling can be, you know, can adapt to the specific use cases. But all these standards are extensible if people want to do, you know, different things. And if people have different use cases, there is this generic underlying set of tooling that you can use to do anything. There was a question of what was in the SPDX that triggered that. So it was, we used turn to generate those. And there was a package in there, I think, actually, I think we're struggling with a little bit of the details. So we totally did a soup, a soup mirrors, a thing in mirrors on just hacking it for now. The idea is that in this case, if there was a package that happened to have pepper versus salt or something that that would get excluded. We need to do more work there or we'd actually like to work with the SPDX community to have them figure out what does a validation mean. And then the idea here is really what we're trying to show is that you can have the SPDX alongside the container image or the home chart or whatever it is you're trying to deploy because you can associate anything with anything in a registry. And then the no suit view is the example of obviously this isn't the final version of what you would do. So there's a question about with the registry be a store publishing non image SPDX S bombs. I'm not sure. In other words, if you have an SPDX on a home chart or on a binary that you want to deploy. Yeah, I mean, again, as Steve was saying earlier, people are using registries to store more and more different types of content. It's a content addressed blob store in effect. So absolutely no reason why SPDX should be limited to container images. There is a lot of demand for S bombs for container images and there's a lot of work, you know, in going on and actually building that kind of ecosystem out.  In the Q&A we have a question where can the user find details on why there's no soup for them? I'll have to ask Tasia where she put that but we need to clean it up. It literally, I think that about 11 o'clock last night we wound up just basking on the tag. But the design, the intent was there's a list of packages in the S bomb and there was a package named soup. So sorry, there was name pepper. I'm hoping we'll actually get that demo updated and we could make it more publicly accessible. Justin and I were joking about is the soup for you, the new cats and dogs demo for doing SPDX or other validations. So there's a question about is there a compatible registry and reference implementation that people can run? Yes. So all these prototypes, the reference implementations are there. There's a fork of CNCF distribution project which is the open source reference registry implementation. So the ORS project fork there has these features. So ORS project is now, is recently moved to CNCF and is where we're prototyping all the artifact reference work at the moment. So that's where you can find all this and we have weekly meetings on Wednesdays just a couple of hours. I think the real answer is that we're finalizing what that spec work is. There's an artifact spec that supports the reference types and that we have a reference implementation through distribution. We want to make sure people can validate that and not be coupled to any one cloud provider. We want to make sure you can run this locally, be comfortable with it, including the various registries. And then what we're working on is various registries are committed to shipping this so that we can enable the secure supply chain. And you'll see that with Azure, AWS and Docker where we're working to finalize this and ship this. And from an Azure perspective, we're working to get this shipped in the next couple of months. We want to get it out before people consume stuff for the holiday season and we're committed to shipping that capability by then. There will be, it won't be blocked on just this. We have some other interesting things we'll do so that it will work across all registries. But we want to make sure that the registries as a whole, the standards are moving up so that we can actually do these kind of interesting capabilities, these rich graphs of content so nobody has to build yet another package manager. We really want to continue to do the investments to make sure that the registry APIs enhance to support those. And that's the work we're focused on. So there's a question about what's the relationship between the AORUS project and the Notary Project. So AORUS is where we're doing the ACIP, the registry pieces about references. And Notary is where we're doing the pieces around signing and signature formats and standardization around those. So we're using both to do signing and obviously with detached artifacts and artifact references, signing is really important for anything because you need to know whether you can trust some artifact that says it's related to your things that we expect people to use signatures for most of these things. And so there's a question about trustworthiness again. We're assuming that people are going to use signing to validate their trust chains from the original provider to their consumer because that gives you an end-to-end signature that so you know that nothing's been modified on the way. And the Notary Project's defining how to determine who you trust and PKI pieces that relate to that and so on so that you can configure how and who you want to trust different providers for artifact or for S-bombs and so on. I think we're out of time now. Thanks for all the questions and You can follow up on, you know, there's info for contact info or the various projects and how you can get engaged and let us know what interesting things you guys are looking to store in registries. So thank you for the time. Thank you. Thank you very much. So that was excellent. I appreciate that very very much. I'm sure lots of other folks here do too.


Next question is from Estella Moschow of all the forms of cardio. Which would you guys recommend? Well, this really depends on who I'm talking to if you're like a performance person Then that's gonna be very different than if you're just a general health And I want to be lean kind of person. So if I'm talking to the general health. I just want to be lean I want to maintain good health. I also do resistance training regularly then the one form I'm going to recommend is walking it requires the least skill and technique So I'm not worried about whether or not you can't run or cycle or swim properly. You're probably not going to hurt yourself Walking so that's number one. It's easy. You can do it anywhere And it provides lots of health benefits You know studies show that just regular consistent walking throughout the day has tremendous health benefits Now if you're an athlete and you want to perform the whole different ball game Especially if I'm looking at a specific sport like if you're a runner What kind of cardio am I gonna recommend mostly running right cyclists cycling and so on so it really does depend a lot on the person I always feel like we have such a hard time with these questions we just touched on something the other day about cardio and I was going through the YouTube comments and You know somebody said that these guys really hate cardio. Don't they so wrong and it is so wrong And so I'm always trying to think like okay How do I communicate this better so people understand that I don't hate cardio? Um, I just what I what I know is that most and that we don't know enough about this person who's asking this question Of all forms of cardio, which would you guys recommend? I know nothing about this person I don't know what their goals are way too generic It wait and it's so so it's really tough to answer this for this person and people that are thinking in the same The same place as this person is right so like to your points out like what you're trying to get out of it Or get out it matters everything So if you just want to be healthy and you know, what would you well? Yeah, of course then walking makes the move more Yeah, it makes the most sense right. Yeah activity period if your goal Which most people's goal is by the way lose body fat right to get leaner I think that it's a terrible form and and the reason why it's so terrible It's because almost everybody that's ever sat in front of me and hired me to get them leaner and in better shape What's going on with them nutritionally and activity wise to introduce cardio to that person is a terrible thing to do at that point At that point, they're normally under eating nutrients that their body needs over consuming crap that they they don't need There's metabolism is slowed from years of being sedentary and Under eating over eating the problem right and so then I get somebody when I look at their diet And I see wow this you know this male should be able to eat 3,000 to 3,500 calories and maintain a fit body But what I'm looking at right now is somebody who eats 24 to 2,500 calories or so doesn't move heartily at all and they're overweight Yeah, and they're overweight and me introducing cardio to that person is lose muscle. That's right That's exactly what's going to happen. And so I'm only working against what their real goal is now if you're somebody who likes to do cardio and You find it as meditative you feel the energy throughout your day because you do it and Then have fun with it Then my answer to this question is change it up swim for a while row for a while Walk on the treadmill for a while walk outside for a while like and the whole novelty principle is gonna be true here So there's a lot of benefit to doing all those different forms But just you need to really understand clearly what your desired outcome what your goal is And why you're asking a question. I mean the general answer is your personal preference like it honestly it doesn't matter at all like to me it's just about Creating more opportunities for activity and that's gonna benefit you long-term anyways But the point is to your fat loss Point is most clients coming in that's their thought is I have to get on the treadmill I have to be on there at least an hour if I'm gonna get any kind of progress with eating like chipping away at my fat loss Which you know, we just know there's a better way to do it and approach it And for me like I you know working with athletes I want to make it as specific as I can to having that Translate to their specific sport on the field and so if we're talking about like football for instance where I'm in it right now You know, I'm looking at opportunities for you know, 20-yard sprints You know 50-yard sprints is like if you're a skill player like a hundred-yard sprints and you know having that kind of Explosive endurance so they could you know on any kind of moment Just boom burst and run but then come back and be gathered and not be completely gassed out So You got to look at those things of like how this is gonna benefit me in my pursuits of these different type of activities That's a great point Like if you have somebody who like love like one of their favorite things to do I have a client like this right now She's getting ready to go she signed up to hike half-dome, right? So it makes sense to train that person to do something that is that's gonna mirror that the time that Half-dome would take to get up there or the legs the elevations. Yeah, exactly. So carrying a backpack, right? So if you're in if there's certain sports or activities that you're into there's there's modes of Cardio that would match that that would carry over that that makes sense to do that But knowing your goal is so important here and understanding what you're trying to get out of it And I just I think where we come off is cardio haters. It's not that it's that 90% of the clients that hired you or hired us Wanted to get the leaner build muscle lose body fat and where they're normally at in their content their current like state That's like the worst thing they could do it is and I'll tell you look just to put you know like a nail in that right if your goal is general health a lot general health longevity and Body composition and aesthetics and you also are not gonna work out every single day So you're not a fitness fanatic. Here's what your routine should look like the base should be strength training That's the base. So most of your efforts should be towards building muscle It's a wonderful buffer against all of the issues of modern life. It speeds up in metabolism. It's very pro Youth hormone producing so that's testosterone and men and growth hormone and men and women It's good to balance out estrogen and progesterone So that's the base then what's above that that is less of a degree daily activity So now what do you do on top of that every day? I do two or three 15 minute walks boom now That's perfect. Okay, what's above that now? I also incorporate some kind of a mobility or flexibility component You know two or three days a week. I'll do some stretching or some active type of you know, you know Mobility type of work now you've got kind of the perfect type of routine But the base should be the strength training Why because for that person the most bang for your buck the most you're gonna get for the time spent By far is with the resistance training. That's probably why sometimes people think we're anti cardio No, it's because the most people we're talking to we know it's gonna give them the best results We know the amount of time that they want to devote to the gym We know we've seen time and time again What happens to people when they do the wrong kind of exercise with those kinds of goals And so in those cases we're always gonna make the case that strength training resistance training should be the foundation of your routine


Hello and welcome to the session in which we will discuss restricted stock. What is the big idea of restricted stock? Restricted stock is a form of a compensation plan. It's basically when the company grant Transfer the company stock subject to certain limitation to their employees. What are those limitation? Usually there's a time restriction. What does that mean? It means the company will give you stocks But guess what you don't have access to those stocks You can't do anything with them unless you work for us three five seven years So it's a form of compensation or rewarding the employees. Well, this sounds like what we talked about in the prior session Options so what is the difference between options and restricted stocks? Well, the best way to illustrate the concept I'm gonna go back to my wife's example and show you Johnson and Johnson restricted stock award and compare it to option But the bottom line is it's used To compensate the employee. That's the main idea. So let's go back to the Johnson and Johnson brochure Then we'll come back to this recording in the previous session We talked about options and if you scroll down right after options Also, Johnson and Johnson reward you with something called restricted shares unit or restricted stocks That's what that's basically what it is. So what is the difference between the two? Well, let's take a look at the restricted stocks then we'll compare two options With restricted stocks an RSU becomes a share of Johnson and Johnson on the vesting date Simply put if you wait enough and the vesting period is three years simply put Johnson and Johnson If you work for Johnson and Johnson three years, you wait three years We're gonna give you the we're gonna give you the stocks regardless of what the stock price is you will get the stock guaranteed Versus the stock option under a stock option. You only make a profit if the stock is above the grand date The grand date price, which is we assume in our example one hundred dollar But under a stock Restricted stock you'll get the full stock. You don't doesn't matter whether the stock is fifty dollars one hundred or one hundred and fifty The stock is yours. So for example, if you are granted an RSU and the market price It's one hundred dollar when the RSU vest, which is three years later You would own a full share of the price You are free to hold sell do whatever you want with it if our stock price rose to 130 The stock value is 130 and usually when they give you RSU's they're lower than the stock option So if they gave you 100 RSU, they give you 1000 options because the options remember You have to pay to buy the stock at a certain price RSU you are guaranteed the stock price. However, you have to wait now Why the RSU becoming more and more popular form of compensation This is like off the record not off the record. I'm gonna go here on a tangent If you remember in the prior session, I spoke about the 2019-98 to 2001 Dot-com era and what happened is many executives what they did They want to work for those companies and as soon as the option vested They exercise the options then they left that eventually the company went down. So restricted stocks You don't have to drive the stock price up You have no incentive because you are guaranteed the stock price. So it doesn't give the executive the Motivation the incentive to cook the books to drive the stock price up because you are guaranteed the stock price You are guaranteed the stock regardless what the price is not the stock price You are guaranteed the stock. So that's why our RSU's are less risky And it doesn't give the incentive for the managers to do what to manipulate the stock price Because you're gonna get the stock just wait and you will get the stock and in most In most countries once an RSU vested You are free to hold sell the stock would know for the restriction once again because Johnson and Johnson is an international company You know, there are maybe certain rules in certain countries and this brochure is in English And by the way when Johnson and Johnson grants those Options and RSU's they ask you to select whether you want 100% options 100% RSU's 50 50 25 75 So on and so forth, but this is beside the point So let's go back to our presentation. Why stock restricted are used Well, they are used because they why why why they are popular because as long as you wait You are guaranteed as long as you wait and also you tie the employee performance to the company's performance So what you're doing is well of the stock does well and I own the stock I do well as well Again, generally companies would grant less restricted stock than options because you have to pay for the options That's why they grant you more options and options obviously from a risk perspective The riskier because if you if you said I want to take the options and the stock price fall below the exercise price Then your options are worthless versus restricted stock even if the price is $2. Nevertheless, you got $2 Now the best way to illustrate this is to actually look at an example illustrating the journal entries Before we look at an example I would like to remind you whether you are an accounting student or a CPA candidate to take to take a look at my website farhatlectures.com I don't replace your CPA review course I don't replace your accounting course my motto is saving CPA candidate and accounting students one at a time How I provide you resources lectures exercises through false multiple choice That's gonna help you do better This is a list a partial list of all the courses that I cover my CPA resources are aligned with your backer Wiley Roger in Gleam, so it's very easy to go back and forth between my material and your CPA review course I also give you access to 1500 previously AI CPA released questions for far rag audit and BEC if you have not connected with me on LinkedIn Please do so take a look at my LinkedIn recommendation like this recording on YouTube It will help me tremendously Connect with me on instagram. I'm trying to grow my instagram followers facebook twitter and reddit The best way to illustrate restricted stocks is to actually look at an example on january 1st 20x 3 Farhat lectures my company issues 10 000 shares of restricted stock to its executive Jihan Namur Farhat lecture stock has a fair value of 25 dollar on january 1st 2023 The service and investing period is five years So I expect this executive to work five years and after five years they will get 10 000 shares of the stock Although the fair value right now is 25 Five years later. It could be 200 per share. So what entries do we make? Well, the first thing we do is we debit unearned compensation expense 250 000 simply put what I'm doing is I'm starting to record the restricted stock So I debit an account called unearned compensation. How did I come up with 250 000? Well, that's 10 000 shares times 25 dollars This account is a contra equity. So it reduces my equity by 250 Then I credit common stock as usual the number of shares I'm going to be issuing times the par value of a dollar the remainder goes to paid in capital 240 000 So on the grand date, this is what I do simply put equity went down This is contra equity equity went up There is no effect the total is no effect on equity no effect on the income statement simply put I am recording the fact I'm going to be issuing equity later down the road Then a year later december 31st 2003 Assuming jihann kept working for the company. I would record compensation expense now now I'm gonna hit the compensation. I'm gonna hit the income statement. I'm gonna debit compensation expense 50 000 credit unearned revenue compensation 50 000. So what I'm doing? I'm taking this 250 000 and I'm gonna spread it over five years Expensing 50 000 each year. So this entry would repeat itself for the next four years So year one. This is year one year two will be the same entry. I will expense another 50 000 reduce unearned unearned compensation another 50 000 year three year four and year five Now let's assume That jihann leaves far hat lectures on january 15 20 x 5 so she worked 20 x 3 20 x 4 At the beginning of 20 x 5 before I recorded any expense jihann left So what do I have to do if that happens if jihann leaves before their restricted stocks are Are mature mature? It means they are vested. I have to reverse everything that I did up to this point What does that mean? Let's see what's gonna happen. First, let's take a look at our unearned compensation If we look at unearned compensation this account here. We started it at 250 And I debit it 50 000 for year one and I debited it 50 000 for year two which is 2003 and 2004 Here's what's gonna happen. First, I'm gonna have to remove the fact that I I wanted to issue 10 000 of common stock I will debit common stock 10 000 so common stock this account is gone I have to debit paid in capital 240 000 because that's it that deal is gone. I'm gonna have to credit compensation expense 100 000 remember I credited unearned revenue unearned compensation expense year one and year two the debit was the compensation expense therefore I reverse compensation expense so notice in contrast to options In restricted stock you reverse compensation expense. Why? Because I recorded it for year year three and year four Therefore I have to reverse compensation expense Also, I have to remove unearned compensation because my balance and unearned compensation is 150 Because I I used it. I I reduced two years now I have to credit 150 to bring the balance down to zero So simply put what I did I eliminated all the compensation expense all the unearned revenue All the unearned compensation simply put this entry if you look at all the accounts basically as as if nothing happened On january 1st year x3. So basically reverse everything that we did Including compensation expense including compensation expense. What should you do now? The best thing to do is to go to farhatlectures.com And start to work mcqs look at additional resources to learn about this Once again invest in yourself invest in your career. The cpa exam is worth it. Don't short change yourself $30 give give me a try for a month. You find it helpful. You keep it. You don't find it helpful cancel That's it. That's your maximum loss The cpa exam is a great Certification to have it's going to open many doors for you. Good luck study hard and of course stay safe