It's great to see so many of you here today. Welcome to the Fall Forum, which has been under development for some time. I hope it is stimulating to you and sends you away with not all of your questions answered, but a lot to think about. I first spoke to Charlie Kurtzman some months ago after being alerted to his fascinating work by a program officer at the SSRC. The context for our conversation was my interest in broadening the conversation about foreign acquisitions and support for ARL libraries global collections to include the faculty perspective. In other words, to gain a better understanding of how scholars are using or wanting to use and unable to use foreign information, foreign language collections. What issues of scarcity and other challenges they face? I wanted to connect the dots between academic needs and the provision of global information by ARL libraries. The work that Charlie's done with SSRC and NSF support on scholarly attention to different parts of the world will, I'm sure, provide us with new insights into critical and complex relationship between libraries and scholarship. Let me now introduce our speaker, Charles Kurtzman. He's a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and co-director of the Carolina Center for the Study of the Middle East and Muslim Civilizations. He is a member of the administrative board of the UNC Libraries and has been associated with that board for most of a decade and this is one reason why I wanted him to be our keynote speaker today because he is very well versed in the world of libraries and I thought he would be the perfect person to do this presentation. He is the author of Missing Martyrs, Why There Are So Few Muslim Terrorists, 2011, Democracy Denied, 1905 to 1915 published in 2008 and The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran published in 2004. He's the editor of the anthologies Modernist Islam, 1840 to 1940 published in 2002 and Liberal Islam in 1998. He's also the author of dozens of papers and has given many, many presentations. His research on trends in American scholarship and international and area studies has been supported as I mentioned earlier by the National Science Foundation and the Social Science Research Council as well as other agencies. It's a pleasure to introduce him to you today. Thank you. Thank you Deborah and thank you all. I'm honored to be here. I love libraries. I'm a heavy user of libraries and I'm a big believer in collaboration, both scholarly collaboration and library collaboration because I've been such a huge beneficiary of collaboration not only in our neck of the woods between University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Duke University, which I appreciate so much, but also more generally through interlibrary borrowing and other resources. I've been to many of your libraries because whenever I go visit a campus, I look in advance as there's something there that I might want to see in the library that I won't be able to find at my own and so I've stopped in dozens and dozens of libraries around the United States and Canada and always impressed by the ways in which people, libraries are collecting material that you wouldn't expect sometimes at smaller schools that they'll have this great small collection on something and how somebody notices. I just want you to know that somebody notices and appreciates. I'd like to run through the question of globalization with a particular take on it, looking at how American scholarship, particularly in the social sciences although we hope to expand to the humanities as well, has started to pay attention to different regions of the world over the last 50 years since the rise of international and area studies institutionally in the United States. I think this falls under what I was interested to see in this task force memo, falls under the category of scholar behavior, which is in the middle of the page which I like because it makes this sound like chimpanzees or something. That's how we treat our subjects so I'm happy to have you treat us in the same way. It doesn't bother me. This is a map that shows the regions of the world as a percentage inflated or deflated as a percentage of scholarly social science journal coverage over the last 50 years. I'll show you more data, but this is the only map version. We also made an animated version of this that the UNC library, GIS systems librarian worked with me on to show how this has changed over time. The problem was it looked like pulsating blobs and so we really didn't end up using that. Again, I appreciate the librarian help there. You can see that some regions such the United States look bloated because there's disproportionate attention to the United States in scholarship in the social sciences and some regions are shrunk because we really don't pay that much attention to them. I'll go through what I mean by attention in a bit, but first I want to make the case to you that the United States is globalizing. This is obvious. Everybody says it. So I figured how much data do I need to throw at you to document this claim? Well, I started putting together data and it's funny. So we take imports and exports. We think of our economy as being so internationalized and it has doubled imports and exports as a percentage of GDP over the last 50 years. You can tell I'm a sociologist, right? I throw up the charts. First thing we get some data here. Now, it's funny because when in a room full of sociologists, I'm the qualitative historical guy who will bother to learn languages, but when I go to people from humanities and area studies and possibly librarians, I'm the one who knows how to run a statistical package and create a graph. I can't do any of them very well for the home audience, but enough to snow the folks and the other audience who aren't familiar with it. I was surprised that this figure was only at 25%. I would have guessed that the percentage was more. This is goods and services. If we included currency transactions, though, it's way over 100% because trillions of dollars are being exchanged internationally in currency speculation and investment every year. So it's far greater than the GDP. In any case, this is one image of the rise of global flows affecting the United States. Here's another one. The foreign-born population in the United States has also doubled over the last 50 years from five-something, 5% in the 1960s and 70s to over 10% in the 2000s. This is not the only indicator of flows of human beings, of course, but it's a sign that America is not as isolated as it once was. Now, within the educational system, we face challenges to globalize as well. These challenges have been noted. You've got sneak previews I saw before of these slides, so I hope you've already memorized them. I won't have to read them now. This priority of globalizing American education, of meeting the needs of this new era, has been documented over and over and stated as a priority since the late 1950s. So this is the famous Title VI founding act, the National Defense Education Act, that sets up the International and Area Studies Centers, federally funded, that have been the backbone for much of scholarship in the International Area Studies realm ever since then. And I'm very proud to report that a consortium for Middle East studies at Duke and UNC finally won one of these Title VI Center grants last year for the first time, just in time to watch the program be destroyed. I won't read the entire act, which goes on for dozens and dozens of pages, but the pullout quote notes that there is an emergency. This is the Cold War emergency, emergency that requires additional and more adequate educational opportunities, in particular one of the things listed on the bottom line, along with science and mathematics, is modern foreign languages. And that began then, millions of dollars were put behind those words to create the system of national resource centers and foreign language and area studies, fellowships for graduate students that have helped to build the demand for foreign language collections at libraries, as well as many of these centers funding library collections in foreign languages. 1979, there was another major report, a report to the president from the president's commission on foreign language and international studies. So this is 20 years after the founding of these Title VI programs. And they wrote that rather than seeing progress, we are profoundly alarmed by a serious deterioration in the country's language and research capacity, at a time when we need more and more international education. 30 years after that, another report, 2007, from a committee to review the Title VI and Fulbright Hayes International Education programs. Again, sounds a negative note that pervasive lack of knowledge about foreign cultures and foreign languages threatens the security of the United States, as well as our position in the global marketplace. And then sort of I think somebody must have lobbied to have this last phrase and produce an informed citizenry that people should know about the rest of the world as well. It's not just national security and global competitiveness in the marketplace. This seems to me depressing sort of return as though we hadn't had 50 years of federal programs and huge investments on the part of educational institutions at all levels. Let's go to the data on that and it's mixed. Foreign language education, we don't have comparable statistics for international education and a substantive courses, but for foreign language instruction, in secondary schools, we have the National Digest of Education Statistics which shows a rise. The latest data was from 2000 that I could find. A rise though from around 30% of high school students getting some foreign language to over 40% of high school students getting some foreign language instruction. I think that's considerable. When we look at higher education, the Modern Language Association has done this periodic review every several years since 1960 of the foreign language enrollment in colleges and universities. And as you can see in this report, their latest version of this, the enrollment has gone up hugely so that there's now, I think the figure in the small numbers in the upper right is 1,600,000 something students taking a foreign language on a college or university campus in the United States. But if we divide this either by the number of students or by the number of college age Americans, we get a very different picture. I won't show you the one where they divided by the number of enrollments, college enrollments, because it's depressing. The percentage of enrollments has gone down by half since the 1960s. But that's in large part because enrollment has gone up. So what we, I think it's more meaningful. So a lot of students now, I mean, far more students, almost double the numbers of young people go to college than they did 50 years ago. And many of those students are going to schools, community colleges and other schools that don't offer a full array of foreign languages and that don't require foreign language instruction for graduation. So that, I think, is a misleading metric. Instead, let's look at these numbers over the number of people who are of college age. So we take the tertiary enrollment ratio, divide this into that, and it is flat. In other words, in the 1960s, it was around 7% of all college age people were getting some foreign language instruction. And today, it is also around 7%. Notice though, in the middle, in the 1970s, the number went way down. It dropped not by half, but considerably, maybe by a third, down to around 4%. And has gone back up, sort of clawed its way back up. That's an interesting dip, and I'm not sure how to account for that, but I think it's important that where we are is not trying to reclaim something from the 1960s, but rather trying to make up from something from the 1970s. I'm going to focus now on the social sciences. I've just received a grant from the National Science Foundation, that Deborah was kind enough to mention, that talks about to look into how social science has paid attention to different regions of the world. For preliminary research, what got us the grant was hand-coding 15,000 journal articles from the last 50 years, a team of research assistants and myself. We looked only at the title and the abstract, and we asked ourselves, what region of the world is this article about? If it's about any region, some pieces are theoretical, of course. Model building are non-empirical. So we coded the flagship journals of a number of social science professional associations. So the American Sociological Association, my home field. We looked at all the articles from the American Sociological Review from the last 50 years. We did the same for history, economics, political science, geography, and anthropology. And the findings were interesting. So there's, I thought you'd like this, this is sort of a modern art picture. It's all over the board, right? These dots are just everywhere. We coded then this particular chart, what percentage do not focus on the United States? What percentage of the empirical articles do not focus on the United States? Don't worry, I'm not going to ask you to try to interpret this. This is the list of journals, though, at the bottom. And the light blue dots are suddenly going to pop out here if this works. And we'll look at the average. There we go. The average is somewhere around half, just under half, just over half, of all social science articles in these flagship journals. Focus on something outside of the United States. Now I expected to see this go up over time, this ratio. I thought we'd be globalizing in the social sciences. So far we haven't found this. Now for the project we're going to do, we're going to do a huge number of additional journals, not just these top journals, because there's disciplinary differences. For example, the American Historical Review has very few articles on the United States. But that's because in the early 60s, the field broke off and created a new journal, the Journal of American History, that takes a lot of these top class articles that would otherwise have gone into the AHR. And so it depresses the rate. So we want to include more, the same with the American Economics Review. A lot of the international focused articles would have appeared in the Journal of Development Economics, or in other disciplines, other journals, rather. We're also working with the OCLC to examine a scholarly monograph production and what regions of the world are covered in books. And I'm hoping to get data from ProQuest, from dissertation abstracts, to look at what regions of the world have been covered in dissertations over the last 50 years, so that we'll have a broader picture, a more reliable picture, of how scholarship has changed in their global focus over the last 50 years. Now of that half, going back to this particular preliminary data, we asked of the half that doesn't focus on the United States, how much of that is on Western Europe and how much is on the rest? Because a bulk of the non-U.S. stuff is on Western Europe. It appears that about a quarter of all these articles were on Western Europe, leaving a quarter for the rest of the world. Here's the average then of all these journals, over 50 years. The United States is roughly half, as you see, the top blue portion. The next portion in red is Western Europe, and all the other regions of the world are sort of clamoring for attention within that bottom quarter. There are trends, though. So, for example, Eastern Europe, which is in dark green, right under Western Europe, had a slightly larger portion of attention in the Cold War period than it has since then, which is understandable. The Middle East, my main area of study, had almost no attention in these top flagship journals for years and years. And since 9-11, although it's still minuscule in percentage terms, I have other tables I won't bore you with that show that we have doubled our presence in these top journals in the post-9-11 period. It seems that these types of scholarly attention reflects in some ways global affairs, that topics become topical, that they become worthy of disciplinary attention at the highest level, and that these trends, we're thinking, may translate into broader educational trends, having to do with courses that are being offered, having to do with attention to scholarship paid in congressional hearings, another project I'm working on, where we're looking at whether academics are called as experts for congressional hearings on different topics of global concern. How are the libraries doing? Are libraries keeping up? Are libraries globalizing? I don't have great data on this. I'm hoping the OCLC partnership is going to allow us to address this more directly. But let me give you a couple things. One of them comes from your own research report from several years ago, changing global book collection patterns beginning in the early 1980s. And as you see with this chart, which I've just copied and pasted from that report, the number of WorldCat records by world region went up from the early 80s through the 1990s and then declined in the most recent period. Now, I gather that some of this may be an artifact of delays in cataloging. And so material from some regions may be cataloged more slowly. And so a 2006 report might not have had a full number of records already present for certain regions of the world. So I don't know whether, if we did this today, whether we would see the drop as well in that period. But as you all know, during this same period, the number of records from the United States was skyrocketing, publishing. You're collecting so much more material. And I wonder whether the percentages then of this foreign material is actually going down. So I don't have data for all of you. So I looked at my own university's library catalog and if Carol, Hunter is, hello, there you are. I apologize in advance. Yes, I know I warned you this week. I didn't have an easy search screen for place of publication, so I went with language. And of course, this can include British material. It can glued English language material published anywhere in the world. But I was struck that the percentage of English language records has gone up over 50 years. These four major European languages that we collect heavily, Russian, especially Spanish, German and French, have gone down somewhat. And other languages have increased over the last 20 years, but are still somewhat marginal. I think this suggests that there's a challenge here, a challenge that libraries, as well as scholars, need to meet, that there is a world of information out there that we may not be keeping up with as much as we would like. Let me turn to possible solutions having to do with digitization. This is not the only possible solution, but I hope it's relevant to the stuff that you're gonna be discussing here at this conference. Books are becoming digitized at great rate. Now I heard a mention of e-books. In the world that I study, there are no e-books. I mean, I can read the English language, university press stuff about the Middle East, but the stuff produced in the Middle East, it seems to be rarely in the e-book form. However, folks are digitizing things very rapidly. You're all familiar with Google Books, of course. The Internet Archive, which the University of North Carolina has partnered with, as well as perhaps many of you all. The Hattie Trust, which also partners with Google and others in universities, and is making an increasing number of books available digitally. And I wanted to add to this list, one of my main sources for information, the illegal, self-uploaded material available at Scribd and file sharing sites like that. People are digitizing stuff, and they're making it available. And there's tons of listservs telling you where to find the latest cache of materials on whatever topic there is. And it's a form of librarianship, I suppose, that is outside of all copyright control and outside of all the institutional apparatus that you all are professionals in making stuff available to us. And I think that is what people are doing because they can't get the stuff through the legal means, right? I can put in my interlibrary borrowing request, and it will take me two weeks at best to get a book in the mail. But if I look online or email somebody, ask them to digitize it, they'll go and copy it for me somewhere in the world, and I can have the scan the next day. Let's look at eBooks. So I looked at WorldCat, and I just put in a search term, keyword search, asterisk. And then all languages, and got 11 million in an eBook type of material format eBook, and got 11 million records. I put language English, and got six million records. So a majority of things that are called eBooks on WorldCat are in English. German follows, then Chinese, French, and Spanish. I was pleased to see Arabic is in the top 10. Now how does this compare with non-eBook? This is a RetroNem, I guess. You print books, right? It's like snow skiing, which was just skiing until water skiing came along, you know? So let's add all books. I just, instead of clicking eBooks, I went to the super category, all books. And English is only 40% of all book records there, but it's almost 60% of the eBooks. I think it's a feature of WorldCat that there's a lot of German libraries in there. Maybe that's why there's so many German books. And I didn't parse those out, but German comes next. Chinese, then, is over digitized, relative to the number of books in the catalog. Russian is over digitized. Japanese is under digitized. That is, there's only half as many books, eBooks, by percentage, as there are books in the catalog. Now, French is over digitized by this measure as well. But I'm struck, then, that it seems slow to me as somebody working on the Middle East. It just seems slow that there's this rush of digital material, and all my Americanist colleagues in sociology, you don't call them Americanists, you call them sociologists. But they just have all of this material available to them, and I'm going around trying to find illegal uploads in order to, it just doesn't seem fair. Now, there are all sorts of projects, and I won't run through these hopeful projects. The Digital South Asia Library at Chicago, Amil, which is at Yale, the Afghanistan Digital Library at NYU, these are among the efforts, and I apologize if I've left your library's effort out, among the efforts in my area, in Middle East and Islamic studies, to try to make up the gap. They're still really small, right? They're project-based, often, with some sort of startup funds, and they're focusing on particular sub-collections. So the Afghanistan Digital Library is focusing on 1870 to 1930, which is really useful, because that's rare material, and that's foundational material for the emergence of modern Afghanistan. But that doesn't help me if I want to study anything of the last 50 years, right? Simply, they're not collecting that yet, not making it available. Amil's focusing on periodicals from a particular era, also very useful material, but by no means comprehensive. University libraries are not the only ones doing this. There's also organizations in the Middle East that are digitizing. So Biblioteca Alexandrina, the famous library of Alexandria, has been refounded and is creating a magnificent collection and is digitizing it as quickly as they can. Interestingly, I heard that they're sending the material to India to be digitized. Rather than doing it in Egypt. They have this digital assets repository where you can see the materials that have been digitized, or you can see what materials have been digitized. You can't see the actual materials or very much of them. Some of them you can see the older material you can see, and there's another set where you can see 5% of them. But a lot of it you just don't have access to. In fact, when I've been in contact with them, they said, well, please come over. Well, we're happy to show you the digital stuff. You have to sit at a computer in our library. So it's saving them from having to go pull the books and get wear and tear, I suppose, but it doesn't help me sitting here a continent away. Now maybe eventually it will. So it's another platform to build on. They've also been pioneers in dealing with Arabic language material on a digital basis. Another source from Iran is called Nemaayyeh. Nemaayyeh is a database of a huge number of thousands of Iranian periodicals over the last 15 years that they've digitized and then make available as a PDF with keywords that are searchable, not full text that's searchable yet at this point. The University of North Carolina Library is the only one in the United States to have a huge chunk of this database available. So we have over 150 of their CDs. We've loaded them all onto a server and you can access them now at a machine at our reference area and search through them. We've had, I've used them for my research and we've had several graduate students use them for their research and we would love to be able to make this available more widely. Unfortunately Nemaayyeh as the organization in Tehran has gone away from the CD model and they don't want to send us anymore and they want us to subscribe to their service and access it through the internet but we haven't been able to get a clear price structure from them and there's all sorts of technical difficulties we're still dealing with. In any case the dataset exists only we could get access to it. It doesn't include books. It doesn't include daily newspapers which are hugely important in Iran. So it's partial but again it's taken this digitization farther than anybody else has in the Middle East region. Let me briefly talk about four dilemmas that I see. This comes up for international digitization, collection, collaboration. The first has to do with left to right or right to left scripts rather. So Arabic, Persian, Urdu as well as other Asian languages that go from right to left don't always get dealt with automatically in right to left fashion by the folks who are working the scanning machines. So I've put this up here as an example of two things. First of all this is as you may be able to read a University of California book. It's a Thousand and One Nights of Leila O Leila, okay? And I guess what they call the common title is Arabian Nights even though the Arabic title is very clearly a Thousand and One Nights. And it was published in 19, what does it say, 14? It was published by the Catholic press in Beirut. Okay so it's out of copy, right? So the University of California digitized their copy in conjunction with Google. It appeared I accessed it through the Hattie Trust, through UNC's subscription or membership in the Hattie Trust. So we have four major organizations involved in bringing this book to me on my computer at my desk. Unfortunately it was digitized backwards. So they started with the cover, like an English book. And so page 571 was actually the first page of the PDF. And then all the way back to the first page. So we were doing internet archive uploading and we had some Arabic books we wanted to prioritize. And they created an algorithm where if you click Arabic or Persian or other languages, it would flip them around so the internet archive copy would be in the correct direction. But you'd notice when they do the two pages on some of those reading things on screen, they don't always work right with right to left books. The other thing I want to point out, and this has nothing to do with the Middle East, is that books tend to be vertical. Computer screens tend to be horizontal. And so I've put this laid down now. I mean if you may know that this is not the direction it's supposed to be in. Because to inflate the book to the screen size you want, we need to, it just doesn't work with horizontal screens, especially with laptop screens. And I find it very frustrating that those screens are getting more and more horizontal, even though much of what we want to read in academics is vertical. I've now had three versions of a Lenovo tablet laptop that I love, but I've compared the screens and they're literally shrinking the vertical dimension of the screen each time to get it more like a movie dimensions, which doesn't help for reading books. Another feature that is problematic for digitizing material in other languages is optical character recognition. And this is a commercial promo because these folks won the competition I conducted with my graduate research assistants, looking at six OCR programs for Arabic. Okay OCR, I assume you all know but I'll say it anyway, is turning a picture of a page and extracting the text, recognizing the letters in the text. Now the OCR programs for Latin scripts are really good now. But for Arabic, they're not nearly as strong. So we did a competition that was funded by the Carnegie Corporation, who are interested in this for their own projects, and asked these companies to either give us the software or in most cases they wouldn't let us do that and so they took the sample text that we sent them and what they gave us back was crummy. It was really, you couldn't work with it. There were squiggles in it, there were random dots around any in a script like Arabic and Arabic based scripts, dots really matter. It's the difference between different letters. So any spec on the picture or any smudge or anything that might look like a dot throws it off entirely. So these folks went out, they're the best. This newest version that I just got this year is, it's not cheap. The version I got was something like $1,500. And it's not, I didn't get the top level. The top level which is, I forget now $9,000 or something allows you to make searchable PDFs which is what we really were hoping to make but I didn't have a grant that big so we didn't get that. In any case, I'm happy to give them a shout out because I think this is a coming technology. Interestingly, they and the other companies told me when I was talking with them about this that the US government is one of their main clients and one of them focuses on degraded texts such as those found in safe houses in Afghanistan. If I'm the beneficiary, then maybe it's like Tang, right? Finally, I wanna talk about copyright. This is a page from a PDF I use relatively frequently that I stole and violated copyright from. It is The Standard Dictionary from Arabic to English by Hans Ver. Unfortunately, I could only find the third edition which is from the late 60s. There's an updated fourth edition from the 1990s. And it was passed around in my Arabic classes from student to student. It's 500 megabytes so we pass it around on a memory stick. And we all bought the book in paper but it's just so much easier to have it with you all the time. It's not searchable. I tried to OCR it and it was a huge mess because it's got both Arabic and English constantly back and forth in columns but I use it. I mean, it's important to have it. I contacted the copyright owner, Otto Horacevitz, publishers in Germany and offered to make a digital edition with them and maybe we could get a grant or something, do it together and never heard back. So I guess either they're doing it on their own or they're not interested. Copyright issues are huge, of course, for sharing digital material, not just in the Middle East. In fact, for Iranian material, we joke that Iran has not signed all the international conventions on copyright protection and they routinely publish stuff from the West without seeking copyright permission. I mean, they're infamous for doing this. I was in Tehran a dozen years ago and picked up a book, translation of a book by a friend of mine in Persian and thought, oh, I'll get him a copy and emailed him from my hotel that at that point it wasn't made in a hotel internet access. It was from a cafe, an internet cafe. Said, oh, I just picked up your book in Persian. I got you a copy. It was only a dollar or two. And he wrote back, my book's been translated into Persian. No idea. So I feel with Iranian material that it would be symmetrical, at least, if we publish whatever we want of theirs without violating copyright. I don't know if legal authorities would see it that way. But obviously you all are dealing with this as a huge issue. How do you share digital material? As an author, I suppose I should care about copyright protection, but I make so little from my books that I really don't care at all. I would just as soon have it be available to everybody free online. But I gather the publisher doesn't feel that way. And so I'm, I think that these are still up for discussion, up for deliberation. And I would like to see collaboration around this issue where the people who are producing the material and the people who are reading the material, for scholarly material, at least, aren't making any money off of that.  You're not making money off of that. The only people making money off of this are the publishers. Now some of them are nonprofits and they're wonderful organizations and I'm very glad they've published my books. But some of them have been, I think, irresponsible. They raise prices constantly. This is especially true for journals and I don't see why we can't cut them out or at least threaten to minimize their role through collaboration. I'm happy to talk about that further with you, but from my final point, I'm gonna do my promotional bit, my new book. I was just given this logo, so I'll show it to you. I was just talking at Georgetown and they gave me a copy that they don't need anymore, so I'll put this one stand up there. Here, put it, thank you, thank you very much. This just came out from Oxford University Press on why there are so few Muslim terrorists. Did I say tourists? That was weird. Those are probably related in some way, but there hasn't been this explosion of terrorism that we expected to see in the weeks and months after 9-11. I look forward to your conversation, your discussion, and thank you very much for your time. Thank you for listening. Music was provided by Josh Woodward. For more talks from this meeting, please visit www.arl.org.


Hello friends, let's solve the following question. It says if nc8 is equal to nc2, find nc2. Let us first understand the formula to solve this question. If nca is equal to ncb, then either a is equal to b or n is equal to a plus b. So this knowledge will work as key idea. Let us now move on to the solution. We are given nc8 is equal to nc2 and we see that here a is 8 and b is 2. So 8 cannot be equal to 2. So this implies n is equal to 8 plus 2 that is n is equal to 10. Now we have to find nc2 and here n is 10 so we have to find 10c2 and it is given by 10 factorial upon 2 factorial into 10 minus 2 factorial which is again equal to 10 factorial upon 2 factorial into 8 factorial. Now 10 factorial can be written as 10 into 9 into 8 factorial upon 2 factorial into 8 factorial. Now 8 factorial gets cancelled with 8 factorial 2 into 5 is 10 and we have 10c2 as 5 into 9 that is 45. Hence nc2 is equal to 45 and this is the answer to the question. Bye for now. Take care. Have a good day.


The cyrate is a gland located here in humans, which accumulates iodine from the diet and converts it into important cyrate hormones which are essential for the metabolism. Impairment in the function of the cyrate causes misregulation of this hormone production, and this is related to a number of diseases, for example autoimmune diseases, cancer and congenital hypothyroidism. About 10% of the population suffers from thyroid diseases, especially women, and in our lab we are studying the molecular basis of thyroid function and disease in order to understand better this system and find better and alternative therapeutic strategies.


The Actin Inspector General of Police, Olukayo de Egber Koton, today had a meeting with members of the police management team at the Goodluck Jonathan Peacekeeping Hall at the force headquarters in Aboudia. In his address, he acknowledged the proactive measures taken by the police force to prevent criminal activities within the nation rather than simply reacting to them. The Actin Inspector General of Police also made a significant promise to enhance the welfare of police officers on discurring his unwavering dedication to fostering improved collaboration between the police force and other esteemed security agencies. Our nation faces an array of complex security challenges that demand our unwavering commitment and resolve. We stand at a critical junction where the trust of the people in our institution hands in the balance. It's our duty to reignite that trust to be the beacon of hope in times of despair and to foster an environment where safety and justice are not mere illusions but the foundations upon which our nation thrives. One of the foremost trust of my administration will be to upholding the sanctity of our legal framework with a view to standardizing the policing profession vis-à-vis driving a transformative agenda, embracing the principles of transparency, accountability, and professionalism while upholding the rights and welfare of both our officers and communities we serve. The Nigeria Police force under my command in its quest to stop outviolent crimes and their detrimental and debilitating effects on the security and safety of our society will forge ahead to tackle the many of crimes and criminality head-on with the establishment of a specialized quick-intervention squad which will comprise combat-ready mobile police officers with effective and enhanced training in crisis de-escalation.


I'm Zeke and welcome to The Dream Green Show. In this episode, I'm gonna be talking about one of the top, most talked about ETFs that is right now, there is out there in the market. Now, this video was recommended by you guys. If you wanna have any other video recommendations, make sure that you scroll down, hit the subscribe button and hit the thumbs up button because that helps out this channel more than you can even imagine. And it shows that only 32% of you guys that's watching this video is subscribed and 67% of you guys are not subscribed. So let's just go ahead and flip that and have 67% of you guys subscribe to the channel so that you could recommend more videos for me to cover. Now, if you are new to this channel, I bring you guys tips on investing, whether that be passive income investing, real estate investing, investing inside the stock market. If you're new to this channel, you don't wanna miss out on any crucial information like that and wanna have the journey on financial freedom, go ahead and hit the subscribe button and let's turn that 30% to 60% and you guys could recommend many more videos down in the comment section. But before we dive into the rest of this video and me tell you more about SCHD, this video is sponsored by our long-time sponsor, Boomu. Right now, if you click the link down in the description to deposit $100, you can receive some free shares to help kickstart your journey or your investing career. So if you guys do not wanna miss out on this amazing offer that they're running right now, click the link down in the description. Sign up, deposit $100 and you guys could get some free stocks that way. But enough talking more about Boomu later in this video, but let's go ahead and dive straight into this video.  Now the price of this ETF right now is $73.58 at the recording of this video. Now this ETF is managed by Charles Swab. As you can see over the last couple of weeks they have been performing fairly well. Now I know you guys are asking, hey, if I can invest into the SPY which usually give me a return of 68% every single year, why is SCHD so popular? Well, let's go through some of the list right quick. First of all, they have a very low expense ratio. If you invest $10,000 into SCHD, it will only cost you $6 yearly. That is a very low percent. That is a very low expense ratio compared to some of the other ETFs that's out there in the market. Now when you're looking at the two ETFs of SPY, VLO, and SCHD, they all kind of perform similar. They usually go up when the market goes up. They usually pull back when the market pulls back. They own a lot of the same company-society portfolio but SCHD is just a little different. They only own around 100 different companies inside their portfolio. So which companies is SCHD holding inside of that portfolio? First of all, they pick companies that are inside the Dow Jones 100 dividend index and you also have to have paid out dividends every single year for the last 10 years. If you only been paying out dividends for nine years, you cannot be inside the SCHD ETF. You have to pay out at least 10 years in order to be selected to be inside of the SCHD ETF, which is a huge benefit for their dividend yield. And another requirement that you have to have is that you have to have a half billion dollar market cap, $500 million market cap in order to be selected to put inside that ETF again. So no penny stocks, no small companies. You have to be a blue chip style company. You have to have a long record of paying dividends. So they're selecting some top tier companies to hold inside their ETFs. So you know this ETF is gonna have some rock solid companies inside that portfolio. Now if we pull up Moomoo again and click right here, now this is the one of the biggest features on why people are investing to SCHD because if we scroll down to the bottom where it says dividend yield, they have a 3.59 dividend yield, which is way higher than the S&P 500, SPY which tracked the top 500 companies in America. Now this 3.59% dividend yield can only be achievable because they're selecting some of the top tier dividend companies to have inside of that portfolio that's been paying dividends for the last 10 years. So as you guys know, I love my dividends. I absolutely love passive income dividends. By far the most passive income way that you can make.  Now SCHD is a quarterly paying dividend stock. That mean for every share that you own of SCHD, they pay their investors away back saying, hey, thank you, here's a lump sum of money. They are a quarterly paying dividend stock.   You can pass this down to your kids, down to your grandkids. I absolutely love dividends. Now not every company paid dividends but some of my favorite companies that I do love investing into do pay dividends. And I started off this channel as a dividend investing channel. So I'm bringing you guys one of the top dividend ETFs that is out there right now in SCHD. If you guys do wanna get your investing journey started, you can sign up with Moomoo. They have a zero commission. That mean you can buy any share of any company or sell any share of any company and you don't have to pay commissions on those. That's why Moomoo has been a sponsor of this channel for a very long time because they charge zero commissions. They open pre-market, they open after-market and you guys can trade in or invest at any time. So once again, I wanna thank today's sponsor of this video, Moomoo. You can check those out with the links down in the description. Sign up, get your free shares, guys, and invest into anything that you guys want to and get your investing career started now. Now if you guys do wanna take a look at some of the holdings that SCHD have inside of their portfolio, they have it pretty much evenly spread out right now at the moment. They have industrials at 17%, healthcare at 16%, consumer at 13%, technology at 12%, technology did, used to be a little higher in here, energy at 9% in communications and one of the lowest ones is basic materials at 2.7%. That top 10 holdings is AB, PepsiCo, absolutely love PepsiCo. PepsiCo has been increasing their dividends for the last 50 years. So once again, in order to be inside SCHD, you don't have to increase your dividends every single year.  But some of the companies inside of their portfolio have been increasing their dividends every single year, which changes out the rankings inside of the SCHD system. So let me go over the rankings a little bit inside of SCHD. So SCHD, they rebalance their portfolio all the time. So when it comes to rankings and what companies they're gonna invest into, once again, the bare minimum is that they have to have paid out dividends every single year for the last 10 years. So we have been through a recession, we've been through a pandemic and some companies did unfortunately have to cut their dividends completely and not pay their dividends. So their time, their ticker symbol has reset before they can even get a chance of getting back inside of the SCHD index. But when it comes to how much of each company they're gonna buy, they have many different rules, but first they're gonna look at companies that have been increasing their dividends for the last five years continually. They're gonna have you rank the little higher and start to purchase more of their company to add inside of the ETF. Once again, if you cut your dividends or have not increased your dividends, they might start to purchase less. And that's why SCHD has a pretty rock-solid portfolio and is still able to pay out an amazing dividend yield of 3.59%, which is completely insane, guys. That is an awesome dividend yield for this ETF. And that's how they're able to have such a high dividend ETF is by investing into rock-solid dividend-paying company. And that's why this company is talked about so much lately in the dividend investing community because some of the moves and the things that they're doing inside of the ETF. Now they do have a list of a couple of other rules that they do inside of their rankings, but that's one of the rules that I found most interesting inside of the SCHD ETF. Now I know you guys are running, hey, how much do I need to invest inside of this company in order to have a comfortable lifestyle by the time I'm ready to retire with dividends? How much do I need to invest every single month? So let's go ahead and scroll down. We're gonna look at, let's say if we started off with $1,000 and we wanna contribute $500 every single month inside of SCHD, and we're gonna invest for the next 35 years with an estimated return. Let's say the estimated return, if the S&P 500 goes up anywhere between 8% to 10% every single year or between 6% to 8% every single year, let's say SCHD do the same thing, go up between 6% to 8% every single year. So even if it goes up 8%, remember we have a 3.5% dividend year, so you'll make a little more over 8%, but let's say if it only goes up 6% in a year, that means plus the 3.5% dividend year will make around 9%, and if it only goes up 3% in a year, remember we have a 3.5% dividend year, so it'll go up around six, considering if we reinvest our dividend. So let's just go ahead and stick with eight right here and there you go. So after 35 years, you'll have $1.1 million, so you'll have a little over a million dollars.  So let's say you do have $1.1 million and they still have a 3.5% dividend year, you'll make around $40,000. So if SCHD do not increase their dividends from now over the next 35 years and they still have a dividend year, so let's say you have a $1.1 million portfolio and SCHD do not increase their dividends for the next 35 years, so let's just say it stays at 3.59, it doesn't go up at all. You'll have, you'll be bringing in around $40,000 in dividend income every single year. You could retire with that money and do whatever you wanna do with it. Remember, this is passive income. You do absolutely nothing at all. It's not like you own real estate and you have to go check on these houses. No, this is passive income.  And there we go, dreamers. That is an ETF that is highly talked about inside the dividend investing community. I'm definitely gonna do more research on SCHD and I'm probably gonna start to set up re-encuring investments so that I can start building out my portfolio in SCHD. I'm not telling you guys to do it, you guys probably need to do your own research but I'm probably gonna start building out my portfolio in SCHD. Now, once again, if you guys do wanna get started, I'm gonna leave a link down to Moomoo, the sponsor of this video in the description. Sign up, get some free stocks guys do not miss out on that opportunity. And if you wanna have any more input on future videos I should do, make sure you scroll down, hit the subscribe button and let me know down in the comment section what's some other companies that you guys been looking at what's some video topics you think I should cover. Remember, only around 30% of you guys are subscribed, that's watching this video. If you're a part of that 60%, let's go ahead and flip that, hit that subscribe button. Subscribe to the channel, recommend. What you want me to cover, you want me to show you how to make money, we want me to show you some side hustles, you want me to show you real estate, dividend income, passive income. Let me know down in the comment section but don't you drop a comment down there if you have not subscribed. So make sure you guys subscribe to this channel first, hit that thumbs up button that helps out this channel more than you can even imagine. But before we go, let me know down in the comment section have you already been investing into SCHD if not, let me know some other ETLs or some other dividend payer companies you have been investing into that's been showing you some success over the last couple years down in the comment section. But other than that, I'm Zeke, bringing you the dream green show and I'm out, peace.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says proves that tan 10 degrees into tan 15 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees is equal to 1. So let's see the solution. We need to prove that tan 10 degrees into tan 15 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees is equal to 1. Let us consider the LHS that is tan 10 degrees into tan 15 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees. Now tan 10 degrees can be written as tan 90 degrees minus 80 degrees into tan 15 degrees can be written as tan 90 degrees minus 75 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees. We know 90 degrees minus theta is equal to cot theta. Therefore, we get the LHS is further equal to. So now tan 90 degrees minus 80 degrees can be written as cot 80 degrees into tan 90 degrees minus 75 degrees can be written as cot 75 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees. So this is equal to cot 80 degrees into tan 80 degrees into cot 75 degrees into tan 75 degrees. Now since cot theta multiplied by tan theta is equal to 1. Therefore, this is equal to cot 80 degrees into tan 80 degrees is 1 into cot 75 degrees into tan 75 degrees is 1. So we get the LHS is equal to 1 which is equal to the RHS. Hence we have shown that tan 10 degrees into tan 15 degrees into tan 75 degrees into tan 80 degrees is equal to 1. So this completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Hey everybody, Dr. O here. Let's talk about the inter vertebral discs. So these are going to be the fibrocartilage pads, the shock absorbing discs that are between adjacent vertebrae and your spine. They're responsible for about 25% of the height that's in your vertebral column anyways. On the outside, we have this real tough annulus fibrosis, kind of like the outside of a tire. And on the inside, you have a softer, more gel-like material called a nucleus propulsus. I've actually touched it. It kind of reminds me of crab meat. I know it's kind of weird. But they play a really important role. The inside, the nucleus propulsus plays a big important role in movement and flexibility. And then you can see that they allow for compression. So they're basically like the shock absorbers of your spine. But as we get older, the water content starts to go away. Not only that, but the annulus fibrosis on the outside can become weakened with age and trauma. And the nucleus propulsus can start to dry out, which is one of the reasons we get shorter as we age, because our disc height is going to be lower because of less liquid, but also why we're more likely to hurt or injure our spines as we get older. So here we see an example of a herniated disc. So most of the time, if somebody has a disc injury, it's probably just an inflammatory reaction, maybe a bulging disc. But a true disc herniation maybe happens about 10% of the time. But here's the issue. As you move around, the contents of your disc are going to move around as well. So like if I bend backwards, the contents of my disc are going to move forward. And if I bend forward, the contents of my disc are going to move back. So the most common way that you hurt your low back is if you bend to one side, so you like bend over to pick something up, you bend to pick up a box or something. So bending forward is going to cause your disc to move backwards. And I'm bending forward into the left here, which is going to cause my disc to move backwards and to the right, which is, if you turn this over, it'd be the opposite direction in this image. But that's going to be where the interpretable disc is the weakest for some reason. So bending and twisting, bending to the side is going to put pressure on the weakest part of our disc. And if those annular fibres, that annulus fibrosis tears or breaks and part of the center of the disc herniates out, then you now have a herniated disc. The problem is the herniated disc can put pressure on your spinal cord, can put pressure on your spinal nerves as well. So I have issues with herniated discs in my neck. I just recently, just last week, I got an epidural injection in my neck to try to decrease the inflammation because the herniated disc in my neck is actually pushing on part of my cervical spinal cord. But this is what, so it's affecting, it'll cause radiating pain, but also weakness because it's affecting both my sensory and my motor nerves. So that's got the most common sight for herniated disc that was going to be at L5S1, where the bottom lumbar vertebrae attaches to your sacrum there. And then the second most common will be right above that, L4 and L5. So they are most common in your low back. And then those kind of disc herniations can pinch on your sciatic nerve, causing pain and problems down your legs. All right. So that's an interpretable disc. It's their function. Here's what it looks like when one of them herniates and actually can put pressure on your nervous system. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Okay boomer, okay boomer, do you want to be young again? Would you want to be young again? Does any of you want to be young again?  Who would want to be young in today's world? Who would want to be young with today's sexuality, today's climate change, today's pandemic, today's recessions and depressions, today's lopsided income inequality, today's new emergent viruses and diseases? Who would want to be young again in such an age? Many of us are grateful that we are on our way to check out at the heavenly reception. There's an old French saying, if youth only knew if age only could. Well, I know and I still can, believe it or not, but I no longer want to. I no longer want to because this world had become dystopian. I pity the young. My heart goes out to them. They are faced with an ever darkening storm, totally unequipped to row their way out of that sea, that particular tsunami that is about to devour them. They are unskilled in the arts of life. They have a lot of information but no knowledge. Some of them have knowledge but not wisdom and some of them have wisdom but no listeners and followers. It's a doomed, doomed scenario. It's an apocalypse. And columns of youth are marching straight into it like so many lemmings on so many cliffs in so many continents. Who would want to be young in such a world? Yes, yes, I know. OK, boomer, every generation desists the next generation. Every old man says how good it was, how good it had been in his youth and how horrible the youth of today is. It's a common complaint. Replete throughout history one generation after another, one generation after another, disparaged, chastised, criticised and castigated the next generation. And I'm no exception, of course. But this time, this time is different. This time is different because the young of today lack basics and these basics were present throughout human history. There hasn't been a single generation until 30 years ago. There hasn't been a single generation who was so devoid of these foundational cornerstones of what it is and what it means to be human. The generation born, generations born after 1990, they lack these cornerstones. They don't have these foundations. They are a drifted sea because they are unmoored. They're not grounded in any past, in any future and most recently in any present, judging by any criterion, by any definition of what it is to be a human being, a person, even a personality or a self, the young don't have any of these. Now, generations come and generations go, things change and in the long run they often change for the better. But what happens when we have two or three generations from 1990 onwards who don't possess the basic toolkit? Generations with no conveyor belt. Generations who can't carry the torch in this torch relay known as history, human history. You see, all previous generations shared many things in common. The criticism of the old was based on the fact that the young shared something with the old. There was a common understanding, a social compact, a set of values around which everyone coalesced, old and young. And what the young had done, they had transformed these values, they had modified them, they had applied them differently. And so this irritated and this angered all people. But the common compact, the agreement that was known at the time as community or society or family, the institutions, they were always there. There was an unspoken transfer of concordance of accord. There was a shared goal, the survival of the species and its propagation and its progress and its advance. This is precisely what is missing since 1990 onwards. I am a very well read person, some of you may have noticed. I have read all the diatribes, all the analysis, all the black prophecies, all the lamentations, all the apocalyptic writings of old people, old people like me. I have read them all and they were dead wrong. All of them were dead wrong. They were dead wrong because the youth of their day was just a variation on the older generations. The youth diverged from the older generations but usually incrementally. Or if not incrementally, it revolutionized things. It made them better. These were fighter generations. Starting in the 20th century, something really, really bad, some malignant, malign process started to occur within the social fabric, within the minds of people. There was a tumor spreading in the kingdom. The apple was rotting from both ends, the old and the young. And there had been no recovery, there has been no recovery since then. And today the young are more afflicted than any other age group. When I say the young, I mean between 11 or 12 and 35. That means adolescents, emergent adults and young adults. There's something wrong with these age groups. Something substantially, profoundly and fundamentally wrong with these people. Why? Because they miss critical blocks, critical Lego blocks, critical components, critical constituents of what used to be for 10,000 years the common consensus on being human. In many respects, the young would not have qualified as human in the rest of human history. The world today is homogenized and it is hegemonized. There are no exceptions, there are no enclaves, there are no reserves, there are no reservoirs of change. Mass media, social media, Hollywood, cultural exchanges, travel, international travel, international transport, all these have brought us all together in good ways and in some horrible ways. The seeds of affliction, decadence and corruption spread as fast as any virus and any product. And they did, and they had infected all of us. I'll come to it at the end. So we are living in a one world. There's no one world government, but there's a one world, absolutely, ruled by well situated, strategically situated elites. And so the young have nowhere to turn to for an alternative model. They have nowhere to turn to for an option. This is the source of a popularity of so many gurus and public intellectuals and self-styled experts and so on, because the young are befuddled, they're disoriented, they're looking for a father, they're looking for someone to tell them what to do, to restore a sense of locus, a sense of control, a sense of belonging, a sense of acceptance. They are utterly dislocated, depersonalized, they realize, many of them are amnesiac. They medicate themselves, self-medicate with sex, with drugs, with alcohol. There are numerous, numerous generations have done the same. Each young generation overdrank, each young generation was destructive, luckily for us, each young generation revolutionized things, transformed, transmogrified, transmuted, and transubstantiated the old ways of doing things. Where would we have been without the young? These generations from 1990 are not the same. They are not the same. They are not transformational generations. They are not the same like previous young generations, because they don't share the overwhelming vast majority of the elements that make humans human. This is a serious accusation, but those of you who had bothered to listen to my previous videos about youth sexlessness, about promiscuous sex, about hookups, about the young youth culture today, those of you who bothered to listen to these videos know that every word I say is based on studies and research, dozens of studies in dozens of countries throughout decades. I never say anything which is not well founded, well grounded in the latest cutting edge, bleeding edge knowledge that we possess. And so my previous video dealt with hookups.    They rarely have relational sex, and when they do have relationships, these relationships turn out to be sexless in most of the cases. There's a disconnect between sex, relations, emotions, and intimacy. This is not human.  That's the way they are designed. This is not, what I'm saying right now is not a moral judgment. I'm an, I'm an agnostic. I don't believe in the infantile projection that is called God. I'm not a religious person. I'm not hectoring. I'm not preaching. I'm not moralizing. I'm a scientist. I'm describing facts. Our brains are built to connect sex with emotions and intimacy. End of story. It's a fact, biological fact. Our bodies react the same. When we break this, we act against nature, against our own nature. This has vast, vast psychological and biological, physiological, medical implications.  Lifelong depression and anxiety. Another fact, because objectifying yourself as a habit has very negative psychological and psychosocial consequences. Also a fact, watch my video on hookups. So in the past, one night stands casual sex, promiscuous sex, drunk sex, hookups. They were all available since the 1960s. There's nothing new about them, but they were on the menu. There were options among many other options. You could choose to have a one night stand, but you could also choose to have sex within a relationship. You could choose to have drunk sex, but you could also choose to have sober sex. The facts are incontrovertible, and I refer you to mostly to studies by Lisa Wade and others. The facts are incontrovertible. The young today engage almost exclusively in drunk, non-relational, casual sex with total strangers. That's a fact. The young lack even the most rudimentary and basic skills for intimacy, for relationships, for family, even a transactional family, business-based family. They are incapable of forming long-term attachments and bonds with others. Insecure attachment is the most prevalent form of attachment. Flat attachment is the second. This has never happened before. There has never been a generation of young people who didn't know how to do intimacy, who were incapable of forming relationships which lasted more than a few months. There has never been a generation of young people who didn't ultimately want to have a family to get married. Marriage was the institution of that time. You don't have to get married today. You can cohabit. But all of them wanted to form diads, couples. So this is the first time in human history that people prefer to remain single, totally atomized, not in touch with each other. This is the first young generation who elevated the art of avoidance and withdrawal into an ideology, a religion. The young of today seek to remain alone and they perceive any incursion, any attempt to connect, any attempt to have relationships and intimacy. They perceive these as threats or worse, still a breach of etiquette politically incorrect. The young of today want to live all by themselves in a solipsistic universe with their cats and dogs if they are lucky. Or goldfish or always Netflix and video games of course. How could I forget video games? Four to five hours a day. The young of today have chosen atomization. They construct the living arrangements this way. Either they live with their parents, which separates them from peers. One third of them live with parents. Or they go away, leave the parental nest and try their best, do their best to remain single for as long as possible. Starting in the year 2016 and to this very day, a majority of men and women had never, had not dated in the preceding year. A majority of men and women had not met another man or woman in the previous year, starting in 2016. Dating is down 51%. It went down 51% between 2008 and 2018. Hookups soared because hookups allow the young of today to remain atomized, separated, solipsistic, not attached. And so hookups had soared. The number of sexual partners had skyrocketed to the point that women today have almost as many sexual, casual sexual partners as men.  If it is one item on the menu, if it leads ultimately to relationships, nothing wrong.  It's a form of agency and not against any form of sex. Sex is the most beautiful thing in the world. But the young of today had transformed sex into by far the most ugly thing in the world. When they have sex, in the majority of cases, they are extremely drunk. They're extremely drunk. They don't know what they're doing. They don't experience even the sex. When they have sex, they have it with people whom they will never see again. In one-fifth of the cases, they don't know the names. The sex is totally anonymous. Pickups, bars, pubs, clubs.   They self-trash. But they don't see this as self-trashing. They see this as normative behavior. Everyone is doing it. What's wrong with that? They don't understand. What's wrong with that is constant objectification of your body ruins your mind. Constant drinking, 44% of college students binge drink once a week to the point of blackouts and loss of consciousness. That's not some vacuum. That's c-man, s-e-a-m-a-n, look-up studies. The data in my videos is hard data. I know it's unbelievable. I know the things I'm saying are unthinkable, even to me. Every time I make such a video, I am traumatized. I can't sleep at night. I can't function for days after that. Because I can't believe what I'm reading.  I can't believe total strangers. I can't believe young men and women throwing themselves totally drunk at the mercy of total strangers assuming enormous risks acting recklessly.  I don't believe the extent, the type, the character of the sex in these casual encounters, how they confuse and conflate intimate sex acts with a total lack of intimacy. Sometimes they don't even remember the name of the partner.  Every old generation had criticized the sexual practices of the young. Every starting with ancient Greece. Every old generation carved, moaned, bitched, complained, quenched. You name it. And I am no exception. I'm just an old man venting. But there was no young generation and that happens to be a historical fact. There was no young generation. Not one. Throughout human history, not one young generation. Not even in Nazi Germany. Not even in the communist USSR. There has never been a young generation. Not even in imperial Rome. Not in ancient Egypt. Not in the most cruel dynasties and circumstances. There's never been a young generation who had given up on human connection, on humanity, on intimacy, on love, on relationships, on family, on children, on having a future. There hasn't been a single young generation who had unmasked, collectively given up on life, rejected life, chosen to have lives unlived, abrogated and denigrated and erased the meaning of life. The young today, they lead meaningless lives.  They dream themselves into oblivion and meaninglessness. They dread meaning. They are, in this sense, existentialists, if you wish. They dread meaning. And they dread anything that brings meaning into their lives. A career path, a future, a plan, sex, love, intimacy, relationships, children, the future. They don't want a future. They are living in the present. Because when you live in the presence, your actions have no consequences. And they don't want the consequences. Above all, they don't want to make sense of their lives and of the world. Why this massive rejection of life? Rejection of life is a phrase coined by Harvey Clickley in 1942. He saw it coming. Why this life unlived? Life unlived is a phrase coined by Jeffrey Seinfeld in 1991. He was already witnessing it happening. Why this giving up on life, on reality? Maybe because reality had become unbearable. But previous generations went through minor events like the Holocaust, the Great Depression, and World War II. What in this generation had rendered them so spineless, so weak, so lacking in resilience and inner strength? What led them to this? And why had they given up on us? Why did they float away in this island of fantasy? Because all of them lead very rich fantasy lives. Substitute for reality, unbearable and intolerable as it is. What led them to do this? How did we lose our children? What had we done to lose our children? I blame my generation, of course. I blame my generation, next generations. I blame everyone over the age of 40. We had led them down. We had shown them a world without mercy, without love, without compassion, without care, without meaning, and above all without a future. We took away from them these gifts, which would have motivated them to be much more fully human. And they gave up. They simply gave up. Because we gave them no good reason to go on and to fight. And the reasons that we did give them, they were dead reasons, material reasons, money, iPhones. They used iPhones to hook up with strangers to have drunk sex with. They used their cars to drive recklessly into a tree and to die. They used every gift we gave them to commit suicide with. Psychological suicide or physical suicide. They want to die. They don't want to be here anymore. They're killing themselves in a million, in myriad ways. In myriad ways, they're younger, killing themselves. Suicide rates among young women had climbed 54% in one decade. Depression rates up five times. Anxiety rates up three times in one decade. They are torn and ruined and devastated and obliterated by us.  They want to escape. They want to flee this dystopia that we had constructed for them. And for their descendants, which they don't have. Because to have children is a vote of trust. It's to vote trust in the future. And they don't have trust in anyone or anything. And they know they don't have a future. It is part of a stalled revolution. It's a stalled revolution. Women had become more masculine and more narcissistic and even more psychopathic. These are facts, by the way. These are facts based on studies. I refer you to my previous video on hookups. Women and men today describe themselves in identical terms using masculine words. We have a series of tests for this. So women had become totally masculine. Now the rate of women in narcissistic women is identical to the rate of narcissistic men. Only 30 years ago, 75% of narcissists were men. Today 50-50, possibly 60-40 in favor of women. Women are becoming psychopathic. They are using coarse language, coarse and foul language. They're drinking more heavily than men when compared to body mass and the fact that they lack enzymes to process alcohol. They commit adultery almost at the same rate. They engage in casual sex. The number of partners, sexual partners of women now equals the number of sexual partners of men. Women are emulating psychopathic men simply. And they define themselves as another type of male, male with a vagina. Different set of genitalia, but otherwise totally male. Men are reacting very badly to this. All my videos are based on hard data. This abrogation, negation, visiation and discard of gender roles is an attempt to flee and to escape reality. It's an attempt to control reality by becoming what you're not. When a woman claims to be a man, and this is what the majority of them do in tests that we administer, when women claim to be men, they're trying to control an environment which they perceive as ominous and threatening. It's a desperate attempt to somehow regain agency, to restore a balance of power, to inject consensus, to inject consent into processes which either do, were not consensual, largely. And of course it's an attempt to redistribute wealth and redistribute political and business power and educational power. So there's a war on between the genders and this war is founded on what I said earlier. The rejection of life, the rejection of meaning, the fear of intimacy and of the future. Because when women become men, when they had become men, they had eliminated the last remaining vestige of reality. It's not real. Women are not men. They're definitely not psychopathic men. But when they act as such, they had taken away yet another brick from the wall, the wall of what makes us human.  When we eliminate gender, we deny these differences. We deny reality.  It's pathological. I'm not misogynistic and it's not sexism what I'm saying. This is sick.  It is destroying everything good between men and women. The charm, the miracle, the beauty.   It's not a question of debauchery. This is not a moral judgment.  That's an aesthetic judgment. I mean, compare this to the alternative, the alternative that every young generation for 10,000 years had opted for. Compare it to the alternative of true intimacy, of true love, of a true union and communion of male and female women and men. Women had been suppressed and enslaved for many millennia. And I'm very happy that they had been liberated and emancipated, but they had taken it a step, not a step, a hundred steps too far.  Human societies and cultures are constructed on the tension between the female and the male element. Take that away. Everything crumbles to dust and can never be ever reconstructed. Take that away and life has no meaning.  We are very close to this tipping point. When I say things in my videos and you attack me or criticize me and so on, which are entitled to do, why don't you first check the sources? When I say that illiteracy is on the rise, I'm referring to functional illiteracy. Why don't you simply visit Wikipedia? Search for functional illiteracy. You will see what I mean. Same with binge drinking. All the numbers I mentioned, everything I mentioned is based on numbers and studies and research, deep research. I never speak idly.  There are no carriers of the torch. These generations between 1991 and today are lost for good and forever. They had been corrupted by their own rejection of life, of gender, of beauty, of meaning, of intimacy, of relationships, ultimately of love. What is there except love? They had been corrupted by this and they cannot uncorrupt. It's too late for this. Our hope lies in the much younger generations, those who were born today, those who were born two years ago, four years ago. In the meantime, we, the old folks, grey-haired as we are, we must step into the bridge because this is our doing. We did this to them and by the law of karma, karma caught up with us by doing this to them, by hollowing them out, by rendering them animated characters, avatars, nothingnesses, by removing every essence and every hope from them. We had actually punished ourselves. By doing this to them, we did this to ourselves and now we have an obligation to carry on tired and exhausted as we are. We have an obligation to carry on until those who are four years old today and two years old today are old enough to take the torch from our quavering and trembling hands and carry on the march of humanity. We cannot hand the torch to these generations. We cannot hand the torch to people born after 1990. That would be, that would be treason, a betrayal of everything sacred. We must hold on another 20 years until we're 80, until we're 90, until we die walking, until we die talking, until our corpses litter the earth and a new generation rises to carry on as human beings. Not as empty simulations.


Which credit cards give the most reward points or cash back? Hello everyone. This is financial author. I'm a down of Edan journal today. I'll talk about Maximum rewards points offered by annual free credit cards in Canada Keep in mind that I'm not looking at introductory bonus points insurance benefits or Other perks offered by these cards the cards that offer most rewards points May not be the best credit cards When it comes to extra benefits for example The American Express Gold Rewards credit card is One of the best credit cards in Canada in terms of rewards But in terms of benefits it is one of the worst credit cards in Canada. Why? please read my review on Edan journal of the American Express Gold Rewards credit card best proprietary points credit card The Scotia Bank American Express Gold Card offers the most proprietary rewards points four points per dollar on four categories grocery gas Entertainment and restaurants However, it offers a poor one point per dollar on all other spending There are three other credit cards That offer a flat two points per dollar on all spending across the board. These cards are BMO World Elite MasterCard MB&A Rewards World Elite MasterCard and Capital One Aspire Travel World Elite MasterCard best airline loyalty point Great card both the TD aeroplane visa infinite and the CIBC Aero Gold visa infinite cards offer 1.5 miles on four categories grocery gas Pharmacy and at ercanada.com purchases excluding vacation however These cards offer a poor one mile per dollar on all other spending best hotel loyalty points credit card The star would preferred guest American Express credit card or SPG credit card Offers one star point per dollar across the board on all categories Although there are other hotel credit cards that offer more points per dollar a start point is the most valuable hotel currency on the market and currently one Star point is valued at 2.5 cents or even more and for that reason The star would American Express credit card provides most value for every dollar spent best cashback credit card The Scotia Momentum visa infinite credit card offers the most cashback return 4% on gas grocery and 2% on pharmacy and Recurring bills. However, it offers a poor 1% on all other spending The BMO cashback world elite master card offers a flat 1.75% return on all spending across the board Another no fee credit card or mentioning is the tangerine moneyback credit card which offers 2% cashback in two categories and 1% on everything else you can Choose these two categories out of other categories best high hybrid points credit card The American Express gold reverse credit card offers two points on gas grocery Dragstore and travel purchases and one point on everything else These points can be converted to airline miles such as airplane Avios Etc our hotel points such as Hilton SPG and so on Or you can use these points as a statement credit as well The two points for dollar earning Opportunity makes this card the highest airplane earner credit card in Canada bonus credit card points tip Although the Scotia Bank American Express gold credit card and and the MB&A world elite reverse master card Are proprietary points travel credit cards? its ability to redeem points for cashback such as MB&A and Statement credit on any purchases such as a Scotia American Express Make these travel credit cards a cashback credit card as well last word Don't pick any credit cards based on only rewards points they offer There are many other elements to it such as what types of insurance coverage provided Who's the insurance provider if any concierge services available or if the card provides anniversary bonus and so on Aaron journal has lots of articles on credit card tips and unlike many other sites, I do not receive money Participate in affiliate program or promote any credit cards So my opinions are honest and unbiased Always do your research and make informed decisions before making your credit card selections. That's all for today. Thank you


How can guests access my courses? If you want some courses on your Moodle site to be visible to non-logged in users, that is guests, then you need to enable guest access on the site as an administrator and then enable it in the course that you want guests to access. This video explains the course settings for guest access. Watch our video on how can I allow guests on my Moodle for the administrator settings. As an administrator or course teacher, enter the course you want guests to access. Click the participants link from the nav drawer on the left. Note we are using the standard boost theme. And then, from the icon, click Enrollment Methods. Open the eye of guest access. This should be enough. But if you want to add a password, you can do this by clicking the settings icon and entering the password. We'll leave this for now. A non-logged in user can now go straight to the course by clicking the link on your front page or, if you give them the course URL, by clicking that. Make sure you read the policies documentation about setting a site policy for guests. To summarise, for guests to access your courses, you need to enable guest access for the site and for each course. Enable guest access in Enrollment Methods from the icon in the participants screen. And click the settings icon for guest access to add a password if desired.


So I'm going to give you guys a little bit of an exercise. Here is the mathematical formula for calculating out the area of a pentagon. Simple enough, I have five sides. So apply a square times 1 divided by 4, square root of 5, 5 plus 2 times square root of 5. All right. Well, we're luckily not a math class. And that's actually the beautiful thing about programming is we don't technically need to know the math. Now, don't get me wrong, that's we need to know the math. I'm going to just write that down there, right there, because we do, in fact, need to know the math. But one of the things that we can do is we can actually start to tackle this problem a little easier. Since we know the mathematical equation to it and we know how to get a variable, this problem doesn't seem too daunting. One of the things we can do, especially in programming, is we can start to, what I like to do is break it down into smaller chunks. And the reason why is because right now it does look daunting. I can't do this off the top of my head. Even if I set x equals 5, it looks confusing in my opinion. But what I can do is I can start to take the smaller mathematical equations, such as, say, this guy, and then maybe this guy, and then maybe this guy. And that starts to allow me to tackle it a little easier. So that first one, that first portion, I'll keep it going with blue. First thing I see here is 2 times the square root of 5. So how do I tackle this? Well, again, the first thing I'm going to probably want to do is create some kind of variable. So we'll call this double. And for my sake, I'll call it inner 1. Inner 1. Now, we say 2 times the square root of 5. Well, 2 times. That's easy. That's simply 2 asterisk. But how do I do this square root of 5? How do I do that? We just talked about the math class. And one of the other luxuries of the math class is just like I said, someone figured out how to do these math equations a long time ago. So they built them for us. And we appreciate them for that. We have one for calculating out the square root SQRT. And so exactly what that looks like happens. 2 times the square root of 5. That's now being stored inside of this double called inner 1. So now we go and we tackle the second portion. This is actually not that daunting, because what we can do now is we can use the fact that we broke this down into a smaller math equation to kind of make this actually really easy. We can actually kind of break it down into another double. I'm going to call this one inner 2. And as you can kind of guess, it would be 5 plus. Instead of doing the math, we can replace that math with inner 1. And as you can see, boom, we get that broken down a little easier. So we keep on going. Now we look at this and we go, oh, well, what's that next step? Now just to kind of breeze through it a little bit, I'm going to include the square root in this one, just so we can get a little confused. Not confused, but a little further. We can go double. And I'm going to call this SQRT. And I do that on purpose. It's one to show you that this square root and this square root are not the same. They are not the same. So what we can do here is, as you can see, we can say math.sqrt, and we have a giant parentheses. Again, just like I say in programming, you should focus on putting in your parentheses. It's getting set up before you try to do your stuff. So now what do I put inside here? Well, again, I still see a 5. I got to do another 5 asterisk and this green section. Well, luckily, guess what we've already done with the green section, this thing right here. We just put it in here, inner 2. So we've now tackled out at least the smallest portion or the big chunk of this equation. So give me just one second, speed ahead if you would like, because we have to continue tackling out this problem. I've got square root lined up, but I just want to move us down a bit. So we're right about here now. So what can we do now? Well, one of the things that we can do is we now can tackle out the rest of the equation. So we can look at this and go, all right, well, the rest of the equation is, and I'm going to even call it a, since we call it a right there, we go double a equals 1.0. Let me fix that for us. 1.0 divided by 4.0. Remember, that's because we're doing, if we don't do this, we have integer division going on, and that becomes a 0. I don't want that. I want this. So that's going to give me that 0.25 asterisk. Look what we've already made right here. sqrt times asterisk math.pow a, 2. Now, I know I didn't talk about math.pow, but it's another method that's been pre-built for us. This math.pow method, as you can probably guess, raises whatever we say to whatever power we say. So if I wanted to be raised to the power of 3, I can, or the 4, whatever I want it to be. Our sake, because of what we have in our equation, our algorithm says squared, we raise it to the power of 2.  I don't care what the mathematical answer is. I've extracted it out into it's just its algorithm. So let's take a look at this in practice. We start, again, at the very beginning. And so one of the things I'm just going to do is I'm going to go ahead and just say a, lower a, the side a, equals, and we'll just say 5. Simple enough. Now, the next thing we said was we went in and we made an inner 1. Inner 1 was the blue section. And as you can see, 2 math.sqrt5, because the algorithm, again, were right here. So I boom. So now, once I've made that, I said that we can make now an inner 2 double inner 2. That takes that inner 1 and adds 5 to inner 1. We then said that I made a double sqrt. I called it sqrt, not because we're using math. Well, because it's the square root portion of our algorithm. However, it has no faculty. It has no connection to the fact that we are using math.sqrt. These are two separate things entirely. 5 times inner 2. Inner 2. Now that I did that, now that I've got that squared away, what I can come in here and do is now do the rest of the mathematical equation for myself. So double a. Remember, Java is case sensitive. So lower case a equals 5. Double of a Java a, capital A, is going to equal 1.0 divided by 4.0 times sqrt, the sqrt we just created right here, times math.pow, the lower case a, the lower case a, raised to the power of 2. And so let's just take a look at this in action, system.out.frontline, the area of a pentagon with sides equal to, I just want to make sure everyone can see what we're doing here, with sides equal to plus lower case a, is capital A, capital A. If you want, take this, copy and paste. Well, type it out on your own Notepad Plus Plus, your own text editor. See how it looks. I can see you guys are getting a little cut off here. So here we are, view word wrap. There we go. That's what I was looking for. So you guys should be able to see all of this now. So let's, again, put this into practice. Now that I've built this out, like always, what do we do? We compile it up, test.java. We see an error. What do we have to do? Well, if we follow that error, notice where it's talking, sqrt8. I forgot to put it. I didn't hold the shift down hard enough when I was typing this out, so I have to fix that. I compile it again. And now we fire off the test. And the area of a pentagon with sides equal to 5.0 is 43.019, yeah, big number. So there we have it, the area of a pentagon in program.


This is Dr. Kabeen Rajdev Singh. He is one of the best students ever graduated from Danny Institute of Medical Science with an impeccable academic record. May I come in, sir? Please follow us on Instagram and Twitter! So juicy. To my best friend, Shane Kapoor. We're best friends. What's up, brother? Did you see somebody reply to that and said it was a fake Shane Kapoor account? It has the blue check mark! It does, so stick that in your pipe and smoke it. We're best friends. They are. But the Kabeer Singh trailer, finally released, we reacted to the teaser a month and a half ago. We loved it. We loved it. You loved it. A lot. We loved him so much. And then we also reacted to the original... Right. Arjun Reddy. Arjun Reddy. Yeah, Arjun Reddy. Which looked amazing as well. So I'm quite looking forward to this film, Love Sheep Kapoor. And I hope it's... Ready? Ready! Shiva, listen. I saw you there. There was a girl there. Please, please. Don't do this. Hey! What are you saying? What are you saying? Is your tongue getting soft for daily use? Kabeer, I'm very sick. I've taken this to the hospital. I won't come back. I won't come back. I won't come back. I won't come back. What's the matter? No. Go. What's your name? You don't look like this. This is MBBS. What are you doing behind you? Which lecture is it today? Love Sheep. Really love her. Kabeer, what are you writing? Love Sheep. I was just engrossed. Oh, wow. We haven't seen Arjun ready. We don't know what's going to happen. So this is all new to us. Please no spoilers. Thank you. But it's the same director from Arjun Kapoor. Right. Arjun ready. Sorry, Arjun ready. She's ready. She's ready. She's ready. Arjun Kapoor. Arjun. Honda, Honda, Honda. I am poor been saying. Let's talk first of all about his hair, man. That dude can grow hair and beard. He is an epic beard. Epic. I want that beard. The thickness. The health. Of the beard. The vitality. They're both like really really good. And also I heard when we were watching, what was the one we just saw, Doggoneit? Which one? With, um, Yeah, you do. Aaliyah. Aaliyah. The movie. The film. Thank you. There were comments on there, which didn't obviously know, is that the dude is like as clean, healthy as can be. Yeah. He's like a vegan. Yeah. Vegan doesn't smoke, doesn't drink. Nothing. Yeah. And he just has to do a little, a lot of incredible homework in order to understand how to portray somebody dealing with any kind of this thing. So. Yeah. Herbal cigarettes are terrible to smoke. I don't know if anybody's ever smoked an herbal cigarette. Yeah. Which is what he was probably smoking. Probably smoking that, because that's the use, if you didn't know that guys, they use herbal cigarettes on set. Yeah. For people who don't smoke. God, they're terrible. I wish they had them back when, back when I was doing the theater. I was doing, doing a play, I was taking place in World War II, and so I was going full method. I wanted to smoke with this smoke back then, and I don't smoke. So what did I get? Unfiltered camels.   And so, on stage, no less, not in rehearsal. On stage, I decided to go full method. Unfiltered camels. Oh. The weight that fell in my chest, and I suddenly got us rushed, and I wanted to throw up, but I didn't, I held it together, and I'm sure I sucked in the scene, but, this, but yeah, the trailer, when we got, the teaser gave us a lot of the, the, heightened, exciting moments. Yeah. Yeah, the crazy, exciting, and you're also seeing the, the downside of it all. Him as actually a teacher. Yeah. Cause he's, this brilliant teacher, but he just has this alcohol dependency, drug dependency problem. And obviously now, for a reason, we, we didn't get that in the teaser. We didn't get why he's as, I love that line. I'm a rebel, I'm not a rebel without a cause. Yeah. That's a good line. Yeah. I like that a lot.  If you have not seen rebel without a cause, or giant, or just the, the three films, James Dean, you got to see James Dean. Um, but I mean, he actually reminds me a lot of James Dean. He does. Honestly. Yeah. He does. Very, very natural. He would, he would play those roles in a heartbeat. I'm very much looking forward to this film. Um, I mean, I don't know. I can't think of a lot of upcoming Indian films coming out, but this is at the top of my list. Well, he was, I enjoyed him. Didn't love him because we didn't know who he was. Our first exposure to him was in Padma Bhat. Oh yeah. But then we saw Hater. Hater, we saw Udubunjab, what we've seen in trailers of him. Hater alone was enough. And then seeing the, the differences between Hater and Udubunjab, and then going back to the King, and then going back to the King of Padma Bhat, which I watched it again after we had watched those. It makes it a lot more impressive. He's brilliant. And he's obviously a hard worker. We just seem to see actors on their most like, I know, unpronounced roles first. Our first exposure, and we're like, ah, you're not that good. Yeah. Our first exposure to Miranda Beer was in Gully Boy. We're like, okay. First exposure to Shahid is in Padma Bhat. Okay.  We're clearly giddy. We saw, we probably see like, oh, I'm a talk bok chun. We're like, yeah. No, we didn't, what's he ever done? No, because it was, it was pink. Okay. And when we saw pink, we already knew weightiness, bigness, and big beat.