managing partner of Algebra's Investments in the UK and Mark Leonard, director of the European Council on Foreign Relations. It's been quite an incredible year for Europe, as we all know, with quite staggering numbers, hundreds of billions of euros being talked about to avert bankruptcy in key nations. Even then, people say those figures aren't quite enough. I'll be asking the panel their view on whether this is actually a fine moment in European history, unparalleled solidarity of one nation trying to help another. Or is this the beginning of the end of Europe as a union, as we know it? I'd like to start off by asking the Prime Minister of Montenegro how he views the current economic crisis. Well, the title of the panel is quite inspiring. It seems not to be only stress testing in banking terms, it's like stress testing in psychological terms for all Europeans, as it is obviously a very difficult period in which we are, and normally people in these parts of the world are not used to that sort of economic crisis or the aftermath of the economic crisis, and therefore it takes more energy, more visionary leaders to make decisions and come out of the problem. And it is obviously something that has implications on many foreign policy issues as well, not only economic ones. So probably it is, without any doubt, impossible to predict when crisis is coming up. And regardless of many economic pessimists who normally predict disaster and catastrophe and so on, it is logical that a some point crisis will come, and whether we are ready or not depends on how vital our economies are. And that situation very much reflects on what is it we've been doing in the past. Have we been losing competitiveness, shaded by the fact that strong euro performance or banking assets for booming, credit growth, real estate prices, asset prices in principle are booming and so on, or we have led or conducted economic policy which is based on competitiveness. And that's where I believe European economies currently. I don't think it's an issue of euro, it is an issue of competitiveness. And by having euro I believe makes government think more about not lamenting over the fact that we don't have instruments monetary policy. I think government should focus on structural reforms and improving business environment and fiscal financial stability. I think that's the name of the game. Professor Halberstadt. How long will it take for Europe to get out of this current crisis? Do you think there is a plan? Are we going from week to week, month to month? So far we are going day to day. We have had this crisis for two years. So from that crisis we have had austerity measures, we have had emergency lending. Not much has really improved in those two years. And we are in fact, I believe, faced with four crisis which are not going to be solved quickly. We have a solvency crisis. A number of the members of the European Union of the eurozone are essentially insolvent. Secondly, we have a banking crisis. There's a crisis in the European banking system and on top of that the ECB, the European Central Bank, has a big, big issue. Thirdly, we have a crisis of relative competitiveness. Some of the countries, especially the Southern Rim, are not as competitive as, say, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria. And finally, maybe the most important crisis we have, that is one of political legitimacy. As we look at the measures being considered and at the policy decisions being taken, it's obvious that the European Union doesn't have a clear mandate to deal with this kind of problems. It doesn't have the legitimacy to transfer resources from the center or from countries to weaker countries. And thus, we are, for the time being, we are wrestling this four crisis which are interlinked and which cannot be solved separately. Mr. Serra, we've had two comments now regarding the competitive nature of Europe and whether it's losing its edge. You do a lot of business in Asia. What is the view from outside Europe? Is Europe seen as a stale environment to do business in? Is it losing its clout? We think, actually, that the crisis is somehow self-inflicted and I would just go back to the basics, numbers. So if we think about European GDP, it's about 10 trillion euro. Wealth in the euro area, so gross wealth minus the debt, it's about 60 trillion euro. If we were to consider the Greece, Portugal and Ireland should have never joined the euro. And we buy back their own debt at today prices. So without any fiscal transfer, just buy back the debt. We will take a loss, or sorry, we will reduce the debt of about three to 400 billion euro. So 4% of GDP or less than 0.7% of European wealth. So the solution is very simple. The European Union last year approved 500 billion ESM mechanism. If only this was to be applied today, buy back the outstanding debt reduced by 40 to 50% the public debt burden of Greece, Portugal and Ireland. Nobody talks about these three countries ever again. Because suddenly the debt sustainability is back on track, the lesson has been learned. Cost, which is irrelevant, 0.7% of your own wealth. Unfortunately, none of the politicians in the respective country wants to admit that one, one of the reason why the crisis exist is because we mixed the currency without actually missing the finances. So somehow there was a theoretical mistake being made in the union. Secondly, I think none of them wants to admit that most of the credit to this country is in their own public institution, in Germany, Landers Banken, the biggest creditor to this country. And third, it's too easy to say, well, I'm a good politician. I didn't put you in this trouble. Look at the great politician, what have they done? And so I think the solution, if voters in Europe were to be told, are you happy to take a 3% hit on your income yearly? Or less than 0.5% on your wealth? And we remove the word European crisis and we get along with business, with investments. Would you say yes or no? I think the majority will say yes. Unfortunately, the case is not presented in this way. It's presented me versus you. I transfer you. And in reality, if you look at the economic wealth that the European Union has created in joining as a single market, everyone has massively benefited out of it. Germany, if it had its own Deutsche Mark today, would have interest rates of 7% to 8%. The Deutsche Mark would be 2 to 1 to the dollar. And I don't know whether export will be as successful as they are today. So I think the analysis is wrongly put towards voters. And hence, I think it's mainly a lack of leadership. Secondly, we compete versus the dollar area. Now, in America, the way they sold the crisis, they printed 20% more dollar. The Fed balance sheet has expanded by 3 trillion. So if the GDP is equal to Europe, they just decided to print 20% more dollars. Whatever they done with it, distributed around. In Europe, to solve the European crisis, you just have to print 5% more euros. And so I think the solution, which is in the ESM, would be to issue a Euro bond for 5% of total of standing euros as GDP. And buy back this debt, which is kept as an asset by European taxpayer. And probably in 20, 30 years time will probably be money good. Enhance, I think, the two dynamics. Timing, secondly, willingness. Third, explain properly the choices we have. I think if voters were to be given a choice, they will make the right choice. Very interesting. Mr. Leonard, do you think at some stage people will actually say enough's enough? And I'm talking about the public. Mr. Serra thinks that people might be able to take a financial hit. The ends justify the means. But at what stage will people say enough is enough and governments will have to respond to that and perhaps we'll see more populism in terms of, and more nationalism in terms of, you know, we'll solve our own problems. Why are we solving other nations problems? I think that's one of the key questions that we're facing. Because I think that the economic and financial crisis that Europe's creating is kind of nested in some other crises which are taking place at the same time as well. There's a three big integrationist projects after Maastricht of creating a single currency, of creating a space without borders in Europe with Schengen and of creating a common foreign policy. All three of them are in a bad state of disrepair at the moment. And the thing which seems to be undermining all three is a lack of political will and a sense everywhere I go in Europe that the elites feel that they are on the defensive, that they're under siege from populist parties, from public opinion that's hostile. And they kind of want to do the right thing. They know what they need to do, but they are too scared to articulate it and to defend it to people. And that leads to this debate about European crisis and European weakness. But the unfashionable reality is that, as Davide said, it's completely self-inflicted.  We're responsible for more defense spending than anyone apart from the United States of America. Six times what China spends on defense every year. We are responsible with two-thirds of global development aid. You know, we're a great power and our weakness is entirely a result of our own making and our unwillingness to get our act together in different areas. And the biggest kind of challenge, I suppose, in terms of political leadership is about what happens in one country, the biggest country in Europe, which is Germany. And I think that's really the biggest change compared to at the beginning of the 90s when these integrationist projects were launched, is that an abnormal Germany that was willing to pay more than everyone else but not get a bigger voice around the table and that was willing to take a short-term hit in order for the longer-term good of Europe and of itself, because this was the key bit of Germany. That Germany has disappeared and we're facing a new German question. The old German question, which we thought we'd fixed for European integration, was about German expansionism. The new German question was about German provincialism. And I think that the debate that goes on in Germany and how other countries handle Germany will be the key to see whether this situation that we're in at the moment is a short-term crisis which we get over and which we put down as a kind of bad time or a recession, not just in economic but in political and in foreign policy terms, or whether this is the beginning of the end and this is the moment when the European project starts to unravel. And I think it's a finely balanced thing because it is much harder to show the sort of political leadership that Kuhl and Mitterrand were able to show in the 90s because democracy and politics has changed so dramatically. And a lot of the things which have been done, which made Europe possible, were done in a technical way. We're not properly explained to European citizens and the chickens are sort of coming home to roost now. And... Excuse me for interrupting, but I sense more optimism than I had expected on the panel in terms of the future. But if we just look at the numbers, the debt is so scary. The numbers are so huge. Does everyone think there is no default coming? I actually disagree on this basis. If you look at... When you look at Europe, today Europe is the nation with the lowest... As a Eurogroup area, with the lowest level of debt and lowest level of deficit versus peers. Peers, I take G-10, yeah? Let's not add China, Russia, India and Turkey because as you know, 10 years ago they were not part of the G-10. So they're growing faster but they have higher inequality within the system. But most importantly, if you add the non-funded liability, i.e. the pension gap, the aging gap, the U.S. have almost three times the level of debt between here and 2030. Just demographics, yeah? Assuming that they don't open the border with Mexico and they annex 120 million Mexicans into the country because the Canadians are not enough. So actually, the problem itself in Europe is not huge. To the German voters, I think the... Or to any other voters in the country, the numbers should be put forward properly. The ESM, European Stability Mechanisms, 500 billion, Germany 30% cost, Germany 150 billion Euro. German Lunders Bank can have exposure to Greece, Portugal and Ireland of more than 600 billion. So they have two choice. They need to pay 150 billion. And they pay 150 billion in two ways. Either they let the free country default and suddenly being there the creditor, they lose 150 billion. All Lunders Bank and boards appointed by German politicians, they're all making, yeah? Or they decide to buy the debt at current market prices, 50 cents in a dollar, take an asset. Typically when you buy a house of 50 cents in a dollar, you end up making money with time and you resolve the problem of crisis. Now, no one has the courage of say this to their own voters. They say, we're good and you're bad. And hence I think the absolute problem is being blocked by, in my view, weak leadership in expressing numbers. That's why the ECB is so vocal. Because the ECB has actually around the numbers. And running the numbers, it's obvious that between paying the same price to destroy the car or the project and actually saving it, it's obvious.  It just depends how you're gonna spend the money. And so here I would actually listen to the ECB much more. And the reason, because they are the plumbers, they've seen the crisis and they have a solution. Unfortunately, the political debate of short-term votes of deciding what's my next election are dictating a behavior.  In this case, politicians are adding their own distress to the system. Could I add to that, Ian? I think essentially what David is saying is the Eurozone is a monetary union, but it's not a state. And as it has, it's not a state. It doesn't have the appropriate mechanisms, the appropriate constitutional basis to transfer monies internally. And that is the problem which the ECB has understood. That's why it has intervened and been very helpful over the past two years. But it's very, very difficult, and Marc has explained it already, for many governments in many countries to explain this to their own electorate. I think that is partly due to the fact that there is more economic illiteracy around among politicians and media than we wish to recognize. Well, I have to disagree to some extent with the view because I think it's too much engineer-like sort of solution. And unfortunately, I think it, though, it sheds more light on unpreparedness of politicians to inform their voters about all the possibilities, but at the same time hides some other issues because I don't think the solution is in comparing Europe with America in terms of, for example, these figures only. It may suggest that, okay, in the long run, it may be that America has more problems, but does it solve our problem? I don't think it solves our problem because when Lemon Brothers collapsed, it just spilled over to Europe and we were quite frantic in reacting in each and every country. And I remember the time I was in, I was at that point, Finance Minister, I was in Washington and it was like bleak and panic and everything. And every Finance Minister and his government were trying to change the situation, change the psychology of the people in the countries to prevent from the bank runs and so on and so on. I don't think we may be solving the actual problem in terms of, supposedly, we're solving the actual problem with the deaths of Greece, Portugal, or Ireland, for example, but we're not solving long-term structural problems of Europe. But we cannot run away from the fact that Europe's potential output growth is about 1.5%. Is it enough to sustain for the fact that 45, 50% is the public expenditures? And is it enough to sustain the fact that there is a growing trend over time to assume social responsibilities away from the individual? I'm not sure, that's why I like the proposal in terms of economic solution to the practical problem. I don't think it is enough to resolve the long-term challenges of European economy. We see, and the current crisis and the fact that Euro helps us understand that we have a problem is something that should lead us into thinking what to do when in case of another crisis we have a lesser problem. And some of the moves that have been made are probably correct, but there are probably, again, some other moves that are needed to be made but are not happening. So which way will it go? Some people think the European Union might unravel, but from what I'm hearing, there's a sense that this is perhaps an opportunity for the EU to actually deepen its integration. Might we see countries ceding even more fiscal sovereignty, for example? Might we even see a Treasury Secretary for Europe? Could we go in that direction? I'm not sure it's realistic.  But I'm not sure it's realistic. I cannot assume that neither of the countries... Can you imagine Chancellor of the Exchequer giving up his... In case of United Europe, or German Treasury giving up its responsibility, or Italian one, Spanish one, in favour of some European one? Again, it may be a rational solution to the problem. To harmonise Treasury policies. But I'm simply not sure whether that's realistic or not. Because probably to some extent, the economic crisis in Europe gave rise to some extreme to the right forces in Europe, in some countries which are now getting more relevance and probably blocking some decisions or even sort of political blackmailing governments in order to sustain support to the minority government and so on and so on. That's why it's difficult. And yet nations like Greece are losing some control over their finances. Isn't that correct? And the IMF, the ECB, can dictate to some extent the terms of bailouts. So aren't we seeing some seeding of sovereignty in monetary financial matters? I think the Bond Vigilantes, how they're called, are the ones that basically give you two options. Either... Why politicians... There's a beautiful book. This time it's different, written by Rogov. And if you go through history, there's a big difference in my view today versus all the previous crises. We had 60 years with no war in Europe. That's something that the book of Rogov is not addressing. This is the crisis of the public debt over the last 500 years. And I think today, as a politician, the easiest thing you can do is open the public deficit. You buy votes. I'm Italian. I've seen happening in the south of Italy. In Greece, in Portugal, to me seems about the same. The fact that you have 5,000 people in Greece that they keep on receiving their pension, it's obvious, yeah? They know it. It's a subsidy. Now, as a politician, the biggest incentive you have is to buy votes. So he says, I help you. I hire your son. Let's make me this road that ends nowhere and we'll create some opportunity. Unfortunately, this incentive has been ex-saturated by some of these countries which had very high real interest rate entering the euro. Suddenly, they could borrow cheap. So what they did in Greece, you had interest rates at 15, you go to five, suddenly they had access to credit, which they never had, and they abused it. The good news is, Ireland, Portugal, and Greece are less than 6% of European GDP. So if someone had told you in America the Wyoming has an issue, would you be worried about holding dollar? No, you wouldn't, yeah? In Europe, because we're making such a difference of a small area, we're creating a panic into the core. The core is what matters. If you take the 400, 500 million people in the euro area, we're talking about less 5% that has issue. So why, for something that has 5% problem, you wanna judge the 95%. And the American and the Anglo-Saxon, hyper pragmatic, they took the solution. They just printed 20% more currency. So when the euro was created versus the dollar, purchasing power parity was 1.2. Now, guess what? America has printed 20% more dollar versus euro. Where is the euro dollar? 145, yeah? Just 1.2 times 20%. So if you were just to issue 5% of euro bonds, lock it for 30 years, the benefits out of it are massive. The failure of giving to young generation the dream that we came together after World War I and World War II, and now we break up for less than 5% of annual income, or less than 1% of wealth, I think if I was a kid being born today at 20, I'll go extreme as my grandfather did 70 years ago. And so the young population that you have, which has no future, because the current generation has decided that for 1% of your wealth, you break up an integration process that will prevent another war, I think it's pure madness. And maybe someone will win the election the next three months, because you have stupid voter but back you up, but in the medium term, it's a disaster for your own voters. And if the strong and virtual country, I think Germany as the best example, was to have the Dutch mark at two, interest rates at 10, I think unemployment will go up, not down, for a simple reason, because it will be impossible for them to sell products they were ever selling. So they're benefiting out of a structural weaker euro, which for 5% of population which play the game, now it's giving them benefits on the export side. So this one has to be recognized. And maybe if in Germany people were told, you're gonna lose 150 billion euro other way, for London's banking or direct help. But if you direct help, you own an asset.  What do you vote? I think at that point it will be pretty straightforward. I'd rather keep my employment and have an asset, rather than taking a loss and then we'll see. And as a result, then this should be given in each country. The solution then, having seen the crisis and the abuse, would be further integration or the structural problem which we cannot address. They cannot even agree. On something that is so easy to fix, let alone the structural issue. That one will take time. Mr. Leonard, this is obviously an economic problem. Is it subtracting from Europe's influence in terms of foreign policy? Is it an inward looking crisis? And at the same time, Europe is perhaps missing the boat in terms of combating some major international global issues such as climate change, Iran, et cetera, et cetera, nuclear proliferation. Is it having an effect? I think it's been disastrous in two ways, both because from the beginning of this crisis, Europe has been completely focused on this existential problem for all the right reasons, but it has meant that we have been out to lunch as far as the rest of the world is concerned. And it's dramatic. If you look at earlier generations of European leaders that came of age and whose consciousness was formed, it tended to be big geopolitical events. 1989, the Balkan Wars, 9-11, the Iraq Wars, and that forced them out of their comfort zone. And the act of statesmanship was, in fact, about dealing with these big global issues. But for this generation of leaders, it's been almost the opposite, the big searing crisis which they faced and which defined them was the economic and financial crisis. And until the Arab Spring started, there was practically no discussion thought about foreign policy in European capitals over the last couple of years. And this is a big paradox, because last year was meant to be the year of European foreign policy. We created a new European foreign minister, we had a president for Europe. It was meant to be a year where Europe finally got a political voice that was more in line with its economic voice. But in fact, what's happened is our economic voice has been brought down closer to our political voice. So that's one dimension. But the other dimension is just European credibility. You know, I remember travelling around the world in the early years of this century and people were talking about Europe as a rising power that was getting its act together, that was trying to agree on a constitution that was going to create some institutions that would give it a bigger voice on the world stage. I remember in 2003 the Chinese government declared that it was the year of Europe and there was a white paper published by the Chinese government about how to deal with a kind of rising Europe. For... Since 2005, people have looked at Europe as a declining power rather than a rising power. And it's almost laughable the idea that Europe's a rising power in many parts of the world. I think part of it is a cyclical process. People tend to look at flows rather than at stocks. And as I said before, the unfashionable reality is that Europe is vastly more powerful than China, Brazil, Russia, India, all of the bricks put together on most of the sort of conventional indicators of power. Whereas lacking is this question of political leadership, seriousness and willingness to actually take a stance. But we're paying a price for that in economic terms as well. I mean, as Davide was saying, if you compare the figures for the Eurozone compared with every other economy in the world, they're relatively healthy. But people are basically questioning it because of the lack of faith in Europe's political will to actually solve the problems that we're facing. And that leads to a kind of weird paradox because I think originally the European project was a political project which was solved through economic means. But if we look at the 21st century, I think you need to solve the politics if Europe is actually going to have an economic future in the world. And unless we can actually have a political project to get our act together, to save the Eurozone and to start deploying some of these enormous resources to shape a world which is comfortable for Europeans, then I think we will pay a massive economic price in the future. Professor Halberstadt, how do you think this will affect countries such as Montenegro, Croatia, others that want to get into the European Union? Will there inevitably be nations that say we cannot absorb more? Well, I would think it is still a hell of a lot better to be inside the European Union than to be outside. I haven't heard anyone outside hearing that he wishes to stay outside, including those whom we have told that we had rather not have them in. So frankly, I think the European project, as Mark rightly calls it, was initially a dream. It is a big, big success. And what we currently have is a problem, a problem which we are trying to solve with means which are not tools which are not strong enough and which requires that we rethink our governance because that's what it is about. And that is the discussion about the transfer of sovereignty from the individual nations to the center, Brussels. In most countries, countries which I follow, that is a very difficult discussion because of course members of parliament do not wish an electorate doesn't want to see its sovereignty transferred somewhere else. But in fact, that's what we have done over the past half century. And that's what we did most of all with the introduction of the Euro. And the introduction of the Euro in retrospect should have gone on in a different way, should have been a different construction, but we have done it. And Euro has been a huge success in its first 10 years. Everyone should remember that. Inflation, we kept it down to even below the target. The Euro is a huge success. The payment system is a huge success. There are generations now who don't even know that you used to need a passport and that you used to have exchange rates and that I could not travel to Austria without buying shillings. And yet at the same time leading politicians are openly talking about rolling back things such as Schengen, which is perhaps one of Europe's greatest achievements. And that's very risky. There are two risky developments currently. One is, it's somebody called that I believe in the FT, the unraveling of Europe, Schengen, you know, the passportless community which we have, because in fact, yesterday arriving here in Vienna for the first time in many years, I had passport control flying in from another Schengen country. I hope it was just a test. And of course, the Euro, which is a series of issues and problems which we have discussed this afternoon and which we can manage if we want to. But for that it requires, first of all, that we are all equally literate on what it is about, that we gave the numbers. Secondly, that we all agree that we cannot do it on our own, that we'll have to do it together. And I see, and I think that outsiders, because that was your original question, understand that we will solve that. We are politically strong enough to solve it and there will be political blood in the streets, so to say, because there will be anger in some places. But I do not only hope that I also expect that political leaders will get their act together and decide that they cannot solve this on their own in each of these countries, but only solve it together. And that would imply transfer of resources because in the long run, 10, 15 years, everybody is going to benefit from it and it doesn't really impact our wealth or income per capita at this stage. I think on this point, actually, taking example from the US, it's a simple recipe. They came in, the crisis was fundamentally a house bubble crisis in America which led to $2 trillion losses and this scattered across the financial system. What have they done? The central bank, the Fed, took action. They asked capital called TARP to the government. The Congress had their own political charade. They said, yes, but maybe each congressman had to go on stage and ask their own constituency. It took two, three weeks. They came back, they signed. Gaipana came into action, took the money. The Fed said, I'll use the nuclear option with the head in Japan. I print 20% more dollar by 60% of every debt issue by the US government, I'll buy it back myself. So issue the paper, you buy it back. So they monetized the debt. Crisis solved. The GDP is almost back to pre-crisis level. They still haven't addressed the job issue because it's a global competitiveness. The rising breaks will take job out in America. The law is killed. It's obvious, but certainly they acted. Now, here we have an ECB with competent people which doesn't represent any single interest. It's the European Union with people that have served as central bankers in their own country when they had their own currency. So we're not talking about 25-year-old kids. Average age is 60 plus. And they have a solution. They give it to the politician. Now what are they doing? They argue. And they argue for their own little political votes without understanding that the numbers are clear. And the ECB and the ESM have done the numbers. So the only thing we would ask is for the politician to do what is right. Is it your competence to understand the numbers in the system? No, it is not. So please understand it. Follow the thinking of the ECB and the ESM. And by the end of the day, there's two alternatives. In life, the not free, two roads. Pick the one you want, but at least be aware of the two alternatives. And present them to your own voters. And I think the fact that Obama, last year, had to be on the call in order to create the European stability mechanism. And on the call, he said, I had a tough decision for TARP. I had a tough decision for quantitative easing. I did what was right for the country. I followed my expert and I acted on it. And here, the fact that there is somehow a disconnect between the European politician and the ECB, the Central Bank, which is the technical, competent level that are supposed to advise your own government, this is a breaking mechanism that I think is a failure on behalf of the politician. And actually, in the European constitution, they should delegate some matters to the ECB, to the Central Bank. And it's a question of knowledge, competence, and understanding. And I'm pro taking the 27 Prime Minister and Finance Minister and have a debate in front of the ECB, go through the numbers, and then we vote and we see who understands and who doesn't. Prime Minister, your country wants to get into the European Union. Anybody having second thoughts? And what sense are you getting from Europe in terms of how long it might take? The, regardless of the economic crisis and everything else, there is vast support in favor of European integration. And that's important, of course, as currently we're in the stage when we're actually implementing the action plan to convince European Commission that we're ready for the accession talks. But once accession talks start, it will be, it will take more efforts to explain to the people all the benefits, advantages, disadvantages, and so on. And still, I believe that vast majority will eventually support European integration when it takes place to decide on that, because in some other countries in the region there are some specific issues that may tumble, sort of the overall public opinion about that. But in principle, all the establishments are in favor of European integration and there is in principle support of the people. Of course, the fact that there is economic crisis, that there is Northern Africa, some other global issues, Western Balkans altogether may be losing some attention. And that's why it makes it more difficult for us to, or actually it is motivating or stimulating us to do more in terms of deserving the attention. Currently, as I said, though it is a substantial change of the system we are trying to introduce by responding to the European Commission's recommendation, from the integration point of view, it's a relatively technical question. But at the same time, things that recent developments, such as the decision of Serbia's government to extradite Mr. Malic to the Hague helps a lot, because it turns back the attention. And when the biggest country in the region is complying with the liabilities, then it helps all other countries to be valued adequately and be stimulated adequately to continue working towards the European integration process. So I agree with everything that has been said. I think that it is a lot better to be inside than to be outside. Even some relative Eurosceptics in Europe, such as probably President Claus from Czech Republic, he is not against the European Union. He thinks that it should be rearranged as an extent. So basically there is nobody relevant who is opposing the argument that it is better to be inside and outside. And I agree that for the future of the Montenegro society, it is relevant and vital to be inside, because the European integration process changes the set of values. It's not only about economic integration. It's not only about political institution building. It's also about what matters the most, values, transition and reform. Before the debate started, I was thinking that Montenegro was perhaps in the ideal situation. You use the Euro informally, and you don't actually have to face the responsibilities of being inside the Euro in terms of bailing others out. You're sort of on the outside, but almost in. But so far in this debate, I certainly feel better about the future of Europe. I sense there's real optimism on the panel. Yes, it's a crisis just to recap what we've been saying. But perhaps as Mr. Serra said, the nuclear options and firm leadership, some more action from the ECB and perhaps inevitably countries will end up ceding more fiscal sovereignty, but there perhaps are solutions there. I'd just like to take the opportunity now to turn the questions over to the floor. Would anybody like to pose some questions to the panel? There is one, this. Gentleman on the front row. Ah, do we have a microphone? Thank you. I'm Thomas Pilar from SAS, a US software company. One question for all of you. It's regarding EU budget. The run of discussion is going to start about the new financial perspective for Europe. Knowing that and coming from the IT sector, we always complain that most of the money goes to agriculture, which is great. We need food, of course. But we also need innovation and new technologies. Do you expect great things coming out of the new rounds of discussion about budget or just business as usual? Thank you. Anybody like to? I think, unfortunately, we're going to have a lot of political theatre with some countries calling for being totally focused on not having an increase in the budget. Other countries railing against the inefficiency of the common agricultural policy and the fact that we need to have a future orientated budget which invests in innovation and infrastructure of an inefficient agricultural thing. You're going to have other countries trying to protect their rebates, like Britain, for example. And there'll be a lot of noise and heat, but not very much light. And you'll end up with a pretty miserable compromise, which has an overall figure that will be less than 1% of the EU GDP to make it politically sustainable. The British will keep their rebate, but there won't be any reform of the agricultural side of things. And I don't think that there might be some renaming of different strands, but I suspect it will look very much like the budget that we've all come to hate over the last few years. And sadly, we'll miss an opportunity as well to put the budget at the service of a different framework for the euro and to do some of the sort of things that we were talking about. But it's difficult to see any other situation emerging out of the current political climate if you look at the way that the interests of member states are stacked up. And the way that it's becoming politicized in every single country is an issue, which means there's very little room for maneuver. Any other questions? My name is Klaus Reidel from the Austrian National Bank. I have a question, Mr. Sierra. I agree completely on your analysis about the financial problem, Ireland, Portugal, Greece, 1% of wealth, and 6% of EU GDP. But the problem is, how can you get the political decisions to put that into effect? Because you described very well how it was done in the states and how we are not able to do it in Europe. And when I look at some of the political figures, let's take, for instance, your country, but I don't want to make any things about that. How can you ever achieve the political decision to put that into effect? For, I think here I speak as a taxpayer. And as a taxpayer, I think I'll be given the choice. So in Europe today, I think if people were just to given the bank and international settlement exposure, country by country, that's an official statistic. So you know how much Greek, Germany, is owed by the various countries and vice versa. So the numbers are there. And then you assume, do you help your creditor when you have a company which is in trouble? What does a bank typically does? Help its creditor. It gives financing, it stretches maturity, brings a new head of R&D, changed the CEO. There are steps. And I think here the solution can be changed easily politically. One, it's obvious that the country that have misbehaved abusing debt, there's two-fold. They abuse the debt, but even worse, those that finance it are even more corporate. Because they didn't enjoy any of the benefit. They were just financing someone that should have been financed. And nobody's talking about them. Guess what? At the European Union, which are the financial institutions that benefited the most? German Landesbank, they have a triple A guarantee. And so what happened is they started expanding financing out of Ireland, Greece, and Portugal. Because they were getting paid two, three times more than landing in Germany. And they said it's euro to euro. So the mechanism, the positive effect that euro had, which are massive, created at the periphery some tension. The fact that in Europe we love to talk about crisis. When the social status in Europe is still extremely high, you have countries like Montenegro that wants to join. If it was a crisis, they didn't want to join. Why do they want to join? I bet the wealth and living standards of Montenegro will increase once they join the euro. So the fact that there is this pressure to come in, to me, it's the number one point to tell your voters you have two options. Go back to Swiss Frank, German, Deutschmark, Italian era. Reintroduce Schengen. And what you see is your own GDP goes down by 1015. In Germany, they have about 1.2 trillion exposure to pigs. It's 60% of the GDP. They lose 30% of the GDP in one shot versus five. So you want to lose 30 or five. You decide. If the option is presented, voters will vote accordingly. But right now, politicians want to play the game because it's great to support the local nationalism. And even in Greece, they do the same. There are people that want to return to the drama. I've ever thought what happens day after they are in the drama, how do they going to buy oil? In a country that doesn't export much, and they won't be able to import oil. Good luck. So maybe someone wants to go nostalgic, and there's nothing wrong with it. But you don't run a country on what used to be 50, 70 years ago. And hence, the solution is very simple. Give the economic option. Say option A costs you this, option B costs you this. And in the calculation, assume that by breaking the euro, you go back to your own currency. Imagine, are you going to sell a BNW if it costs 40% more? How many countries can afford the BNW when it only makes 8% margin? Well, 40% more BNW is probably going to be lost making because nobody can afford one outside Germany. So run a calculation and be honest to your own voters. The cost of three countries that have overborrowed three to 400 billion euro, it's done. We can't go back and rewrite history. That has happened. Now the issue is, how do you fix it, number one? And two, how do you avoid it? The avoidance, I think it's the critical point on corporate governance. And I think having a EU budget, for example, for agriculture, is nothing else but a barbell approach in Europe to keep voters in the agricultural sector in Europe happy. To keep the base from being able to compete with North Africa, which they can't on agricultural issues. But I think, ultimately, the solution is, take the medicine, this 3%, 4% of one-year income. Do a Brady Bond extension in Mexico. Even in Mexico, they figure it out. Put the ball forward 30 years. 3% cost you 0.1% of European GDP. Not even statisticians are going to figure it out. And imagine the boost we have next year at this venue when nobody talks about crisis any longer. And every CEO goes back in investing. Company is a full of cash. No CEO is investing. Why, every morning, they open the newspaper. Crisis, crisis, crisis. So the future is fairly rosy? Or am I mistaken? Just do it, yeah. Just do it. Just do it. Do you think that the public wanted more regulation of bankers and hedge funds? I don't think I'll ask Mr. Cerro this. I think I'll ask one of you three. Was it a missed opportunity? To create more regulation, or do you think it was perhaps sort of a vengeful feeling, wanting to victimize and find someone to blame? Yeah, and people will be disappointed. Photos will be disappointed. Media will be disappointed, because it doesn't address the issue, and it doesn't solve the problem. But it does satisfy those who like to regulate. Well, if you asked people about more regulation over the banking, clearly the answer would be yes, because people want that bankers are reigned over and so on, that their salaries are cut down, and so on, and so on. But this is political landscape. The fact is that two or three years ago everybody was happy with Basel II. And people thought that it should be OK to keep with Basel II standards, and everything should be OK. Two years after that, we're now in the process of implementing Basel III. The problem is, at the same time with regulation, is that you can never be for sure. And you cannot rely only upon regulation. However, that is minute and high quality regulation, because it was under ECB standards that stress testing was done two years ago. And some of the Irish banks, which were looked safe at that point, were turned more or less bankrupt. And last year's budget deficit was over 30%. So what's wrong? There's no perfect solution. There's no perfect regulatory framework.  And normally, regulatory framework changes in the periods of shocks. And that's quite reasonable to expect. It's just that, at the same time, overregulation could overkill the economy. And it's not only about financial sector, it's about any other sector. On this, I have a strong view. If Basel III had been applied, we calculated backwards the North City group, or Ramanco-Scotland, as two of the biggest culprits of the crisis, would have needed a bailout. So my view is not an issue of the rules. The issue is the implementation, law enforcement. How many Fed official or Bank of England official were in Ramanco-Scotland or city group before the crisis? Five. How many there are today? 100. So make an example. On the Italian highway, you have speed limits of 110. All those that drive to Italy, they know everybody drives 160. The issue is not the law. It's, do you have enough policemen to actually enforce the law? And my view is that Basel III, it's a good infrastructure if it's properly policed. So stop spending money arguing on rules, put more policemen on the street to follow the basic rules. Should financial markets be regulated across every entity? Yes, they should. It's funny to see that the FSA in England, which had the biggest crisis in the eurozone, has spent 70% of the money discussing about consumer protection and regulating hedge fund, and 30% regulating banks. Now guess what? The banks cost 20% of GDP to England. And the private sector participant cost none. So again, I think there was a political motivation in thinking that the problems were in the private sector and not in the banking sector. The reason was banks were the biggest taxpayer for 15 years in England.  And hence, my view is less rhetoric. As a taxpayer, spend the money where the risks are. The rules, as a technician, so I can say they are OK. Make sure they get implemented. And the only way to implement them is have an officer at the premises of this large institution on an ongoing basis. Then the rules are good. But make sure they're implemented. Unfortunately, we only have a minute or two left. I'll just ask a very brief question, which only requires a yes or a no from each person on the panel. Will there be a default? And the euro? Will it survive as the single currency, as we know it, in, say, five years' time, Prime Minister? It will. I think it will survive. About default, I don't know, I mean, it depends. There may be a default, but nobody will speak about default. There may not be a default because there will be something else, I don't know. But I think, I agree with what has been said. I think that people should know about all the possibilities that lie ahead and all the options to try to pick the most rational option. Professor, how was that? There will be no default, and the euro will continue to be a successful currency. Market debt by back, which means paying 60 cents in a dollar for the pig's debt, and euro continues. So technically speaking, no default. Economically, if you had bought the Greek bond 100, ain't worth 100. Would be worth 60. I agree. No default by name, and the euro will continue. I feel better already. Thank you very much for a fascinating discussion.


X-ray computed tomography, CT, is a widely used technique for studying the internal structure of foam concrete, as its quality is dependent on the uniformity of its porosity within local volumes, LV. This paper proposes an algorithm designed in MathCAD to analyze the data collected from CT scans of foam concrete samples, allowing for the estimation of the distribution of mean values and standard deviations of porosity across different LVs. The results demonstrate that foam concrete with thermally modified PET, TMP, exhibits higher quality than conventional foam concrete, suggesting that the algorithm could be used to improve the technology for producing high-quality foam concretes and other porous materials. This article was authored by Sergey Osipov and Inga Praskepa.


My name is Mike Lewis, and I am the tech lead for Backstage at Spotify. I've been at Spotify for a while now, but the first few years I wasn't working on Backstage, but I used it all the time, and I saw the huge positive impact that it has on our engineering organization firsthand. With that in mind, it's so gratifying to now be a part of the group working to share those benefits with more people. There have been a ton of changes under the hood in Backstage over the years. I want to talk to you today about some of those changes, why we think they're important, and what's coming next. So there's a few categories that improvements to Backstage tend to fit into. The first is sharing really great internal Backstage plugins. We really believe in the value of proving new tools internally, and then sharing the benefits with others. Of course we do. This attitude that led us to open source Backstage in the first place. We do this regularly at the level of plugins too, so this applies to most of the core features in Backstage as well as many of our commercial plugins. Along with sharing proven internal tools, we also sometimes start from scratch with brand new plugins. This happened, for example, with Spotify's RBAC plugin. The last category is kind of different from those first two. So along with building dedicated plugins, we also think a lot about how we can improve the framework itself. This type of change can be extremely powerful, so it can unlock entirely new classes of plugin or completely change the experience of owning a Backstage instance. So for example, before the permission system, there wasn't a good way to solve access control across Backstage. And this wasn't something that could be solved by an independent plugin. So we built the permission system. It introduces an extensible solution for access control, allowing adopters to select a decision-making strategy and plug it in. All right, one from scratch. So Spotify's RBAC plugin provides just one such strategy, and there are others out there. When we built the permission system, we hoped that other people would join in and build alternative strategies for the community to choose. And it's been super cool to see that come to fruition over the last year. I'm excited to meet and see again some of the folks working on these alternatives here at BackstageCon today. I want to move on and talk a bit now about declarative integration. So we've heard a bit about this today. I guess I'm just going to give you my take as well. So you might have heard about declarative integration from the Backstage maintainers over the last year and a bit about it earlier today. This new core system is motivated by a desire to reduce the overhead of owning a Backstage instance. It's a total cost of ownership. So today, in my view, a lot of that overhead comes from writing glue code to integrate plugins and plug-in modules together, which results in documentation pages like the one you can see on this slide, where it's like, add this line of code here, and then this line of code here, and this line of code here, and then your plug-ins all wired up. So just to be clear, the ability to write code against the Backstage instance is foundational. It unlocks so much customizability, and this isn't going anywhere. But the glue code that you can see on this slide, another glue code like it, is not the kind of targeted bespoke code that we want adopters to spend time writing. It's repetitive, and it's distracting. So we're getting rid of it. When you switch to the new back-end and front-end systems that use the declarative integration, plugins automatically stitch together with no glue code. This makes your Backstage code base smaller, and lets you focus on your actual customization code, which brings me to what's coming next. So declarative integration brings a huge improvement to the experience of owning a Backstage instance. But we at Spotify wanted to go further and provide an option that streamlines the adoption and ownership experience even more. We're calling it Spotify Portal for Backstage. So Spotify Portal for Backstage is a brand new way of running Backstage. It's a full-featured developer portal built and designed by Spotify. More opinionated, super streamlined, and with management and configuration built in, we think it's going to be a great option for new adopters who want to spend less time in the nuts and bolts of Backstage. We want you to see for yourself whether it's a good fit for you. So we'll be offering a free 30-day self-service trial to allow you to do just that. If you want to hear more about Portal, you can scan the QR code on the next slide to get an invitation to our roadmap webinar on April 30. Thanks very much for your time today. Thank you. Any questions for Mike? Thanks for the presentation. Just wondering about backwards compatibility of older plugins and the new plugin system. Is it seamless or...? So the new back-end and front-end systems are a new way of writing plugins and integrating them into the Backstage framework, which means that plug-in by plug-in, there is a migration required to support those new back-end and front-end systems and for them to be consumable in an app that's using those things. At an instance level, though, like adopters can take a plug-in that doesn't use a new back-end and front-end systems, back-end or front-end systems, and wrap them in a way that means they can be used. So there's never a way that you can't actually use them. It's just that the ease of adoption, the ease of integration bit, only comes when the plugin owner opts in and uses the new system. Does that make sense? Yep, it makes total sense. Thanks. Great question, by the way.


even in those scenes where you are smiling. All right guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new, my name is Bobby guys. Today I'm going to review Henja Manja's response video to my initial critique video to her. Just a couple of weeks back I did a review of her full day of eating and apparently Henja Manja has responded to it. Let's check it out. Guys, I'm so hungry.  That's vegan life. I feel like two days since I haven't been sleeping. Like I'm starting to... Oh sh**, this battery doesn't have a battery as well. Starting to like get worried that I might be a bit manic. I don't know, I don't think I am. I feel amazing. I'm gonna make breakfast. I believe you. I'm gonna eat some avocado or bread or tomato or something and that's it. Look at this avocado. What was that? It makes me want to cry. It's so perfect. Yes, it makes me want to cry as well. I'm so excited for this. Look at that. So good. It's 2020 and we still have no nutrients. We've been sleeping for a couple of hours. Finally. Man, I was so tired. But now it is 2.30. Always the same. Always tired. Always hungry. Okay, get to the rounds. All right guys, I think it's about time that I will address some of the bullshit comments and videos that people make about me and anti-vegetarian stuff. And there seem to be a group of people that really seem to enjoy to make fun of particularly me. Whether more people making fun of her, I do not know. Say that all of my problems are related to veganism.  This is actually a very sad statement.  First and foremost, Henja, I'm really sorry to hear that. But this is nothing new. Who can truly say that before veganism they have been carnivore? Exactly. No one. Most people come from either a standard American diet or from a heavily plant-based diet already. I'm sure you've been eating hummus before. I'm sure you've been eating pita bread before. You've been eating plants before veganism and that is the exact problem. If you look into the Peterson family, a very prominent example, you will see that those people had to exclude all the plant material. So yes, of course it is true that veganism is malnutrition. However, there are plants in a regular diet, in an omnivorous diet, that will trigger your gut lining and with that lead to depression.  It pisses me off.  I was gonna read some of the comments in this video. Please guys, don't check it out. Don't give him views. I was just like, I just felt like it.  But you already do. Just comments and I watched a little bit of his video, but he's just an awful person. The girl in the video has a masculine face, dead eyes, thin hair and dry skin. But humans are frugivores, right? As if I am. I remember that comment. Claiming that people should eat fruit. Sad. She's so beautiful, but clearly malnourished. She is testing my capability of compassion. Her body is shaped like an ironing board. Oh, because that is related to anything. God's chosen vegan. Yeah, just sprinkle some of that anti-Semitic comments as well, because why not? I mean, I am Jewish and I was born in Israel and you could just make fun of that as well. I don't think that's what they want to say with that. To use carbon steel or cast pans, at least she would get some iron. Oh my god. What do you have to do to live in such a dreamland? I want to do it as well. Demon eyes. I have demon eyes. Oh, so it is me. Wow. Coach people on rapid aging. It looks like a flappy old lady with chinned gray teeth. Disgusting, infected, witch claw toes. Beautiful smile as well. Spot it. Doesn't sound like a witch. Whatever, whatever. And hot dog's thighs. Why are you so fake? Wow, okay. Someone said I should be cleaning my room. Yeah, that's true. Where is her waist? The bloating made it disappear. That is true as well. No hip waist ratio. But why do you smile? Why do you laugh forcefully? Why do you fake it out of you?  Everybody can see through it.   It is blatantly obvious. Now you're going to laugh it off as if it is not true that you are bloated. Of course you are bloated. That is what plant fibers do to you. Yo infertile.   Why would you like even comment about my body? That is like the worst. Because you are exposing your body online. You are displaying it. Of course you're opening yourself up to critique. What do you expect? Way to... Welcome to YouTube. You look like this. So you're malnourished and you're vegan and it's all because of that. And now you should go back to eating me. F***.  Why? Why though? Where is the argumentation? You are depressed. You are bloated. If your gut is upset, that can lead to psychological problems. Self-admittedly you were f***ed up before veganism. How was your diet like? Did you ever try an elimination diet such as the carnivore diet? The answer is no. So what do we see here? Denial. Simple as that. Those people want to help you.  These are the window of the soul. This poor girl is suffering deep down inside. Yes. Really? Deep down? Literally every video of mine I say that I am suffering from BPD and depression and anxiety. And like it's literally all I talk about. So I'm just like... Exactly. So why don't you want to accept health? Why don't you want to accept carnivore into your life? Why don't you want to get rid of those poisonous plants? Why do you want to inflict suffering on yourself? But aside from you speaking about it in most of your videos, even in those scenes where you are smiling... We can see the laugh of the Joker. It is really really sad. There is not one genuine moment in your videos. There is not one truly happy moment in your videos. I'm like so... I'm telling this like I'm not trying to hide anything. She's obviously not all right guys. Someone should make a sure that says so good. Deagons. Yes, I'm gonna take... I'm gonna trademark that s***. When I started my carnivore and no one cares. Even you swearing so much is you protecting yourself from your emotions. Depression is written all over her face. I'm like... I'm legit talking about it. So sad. She looks very despondent. I'm honestly... I don't even know what that is. Me neither. Also, she's Israeli. Where is her tan? From the video, I had the impression she lives in Norway. Right. Why do you scream so much? She has that bloated skinny fat look. Again, in security or swearing. She has no waist. No hips or waist structure. She's just straight up and down. I feel bad for her. Rocks. She seems so lovely. No, sorry. Do I need to point out the mental illness? Rocks says, I feel bad for her. She seems so lonely and empty and has to act like her life is full and wonderful to get those sweet, sweet likes and comments. Her eyes are deep and sad. Almost lifeless. But again, you're in denial.  You are suffering. You speak about it. That is good. That is the first step. But now people reach out to you. People want to help you. My channel obviously generates more views and more people see you're suffering. But you are denying it. The same happened to Roar Bliss. I gave him a lot of exposure, but it came from compassion. I want to help you people. I've been there myself. I've been suffering myself. I've been malnourished, depressed, all of those things. They vanished through carnivore, except the help. Wow. I am like, seriously, is that what people who are new to my channel think? I'm trying to like fully understand here. When I say, because when I say, when I suffer from mental illness, I like advocate for it, like literally my whole entire channel existence. And at the same time, I am vegan and I promote veganism, but like... And you don't see the issue. How can your mind literally assume that that thing is related? Like, why do you think... How can your mind assume that? Maybe because we have thousands of testimonials online where people report depression through plant ingestion.  We even saw a case of bipolar disorder being cured by carnivore. Of course, the minds of men will see a correlation. Eating a dead animal would help your depression.   Vegan brainwashing. You cannot see it. You cannot accept it. Let me give you an example that you might be able to relate to. If you think about a lion, a lion in your mind must still be a carnivorous animal, I assume. Now imagine we're going to feed that lion with lentils. Of course, that lion will get depressed. You see it in zoo animals as well. The environment plays a role, but the nutrition plays a humongous role as well. All of those biological needs need to be met. So if you don't meet those needs, those animals will get depressed. So now you, as a biological life form, as a human, you have specific needs. Those specific needs are, again, environment and nutrition. And of course, many, many more love relationships, social environment, etc. However, if you do not meet your nutritional needs, you will get depressed. That is biology telling you you are doing something wrong. I mean, all the possible nutritional needs your body has can be found in plant foods.   Haven't you researched any further into it? Don't you know that it's not only B12. It is vitamin D3, right? It is cholesterol. It is creatinine. It is carnicin. It is heme iron. It is vitamin A, sawn and so forth. There is a humongous list of nutrients that you are missing on a vegan diet. Only because chronometer shows you there are certain nutrients on paper doesn't mean that you will convert those. Body used to make by itself, but no longer. You can supplement it. Like even the B12 you eat from animals is supplemented because those animals take so much antibiotics that they are literally not making it themselves. They are taking the supplement as well. So no, that is not true. I'm eating grass fat. I'm eating local. I'm eating from farms. Nobody, literally nobody gives them vitamin supplements. None of the farmers that I've spoken to gave their cattle supplements ever. That means you are taking the supplement.  I'm honestly baffled that in 2020 you still haven't done your research. Just wow. Let us help you. 20 minute video. 25 minute video and that's like not the only one. I've had another video made about me last month. I think this one will be even longer. And all that stuff. There we go. This is someone she commented on my channel as well. I used to watch Hania as a vegan. Poor girl openly talks about her severe health issues and personality disorder, but no one, not once will she correlate her illness to her diet. Yes. She used to be so. But why again? Do you see what you're doing? You are going through denial over and over again.  The reason that you made this video is already a testament to your emotionally disturbed state. Those comments are getting to you, but you're not letting them into your heart. And as she is Israeli, but she's paler now. She's paler than me now and I'm Irish. So that's saying something. Have you seen the video where she promotes a vasectomy to her ex boyfriend with Dr. Gregor? Yeah, that guy should definitely not procreate. Trust me, you guys. We do not need more of those genes in this planet. What does that mean, Hania? As far as I know, that guy is Italian.  Pretty funny, scary stuff. He is an ex vegan now. Luckily. Yes. Bitch. Bitch what? Again, you're using profanity just to cope with those emotions. You are sad that this man found his true love aside from you. That this man is healthy. You want a piece of that. You want that healthy life. Your suffering inside your heart is dying. Bad for you. Honestly. Wow. I'm glad you're not watching me anymore.  I feel really sad. The only person that you're making videos for is yourself. You're using those blogs as self therapy. Unfortunately, you are not using the feedback to help yourself. That this is like, that I'm even part of the same race as you are. I cannot. Super racist. I imagine like, honestly, tell me. It's always projection, isn't it? In the beginning, she started talking about anti-semitism. Oh, just because I come from Israel. But then continues to be super racist. Great job, Hania. I have to be like, I have to be an alien. How can I live as the same species of these people that think these kind of thoughts? And I am part of the same species as them. How is that even possible? Like, I do not. Nice escape there. I think that is possible.  How is this? Yeah, it is a good question, right? The rest of your species is eating meat. You, on the other hand, chose to eat plants. It is quite miracle that we are the same species. You're right. I just don't get it. Honestly, I do not get it. I feel really sad for people who are stuck in those food will cure you kind of thing. I mean, there's a lot of anti-vegans who are... But why are you sad for those people? Again, do I need to repeat this? You're depressed. You're suffering. You're crying on this video. You're not emotionally stable at all, self-admittedly. Now you get information of people curing their symptoms through food. But you will ignore that. Why? You know, used to be vegans and now they're anti-vegans and all they make is anti-vegan content because it's like the whole cool new thing. It's like ex-rotol. Yes, ex-vegan is the new vegan.  I'm just like...   That's so sad. You guys are stuck in this narrative that diet will cure everything, but no. Diet doesn't cure everything. No, you're right.  That is true. However, certain mental diseases have been already cured by carnivory. Other ailments such as IBS, SIBO, so on and so forth have been cured by carnivory. Rotting teeth. Do I need to continue? Diet heals a lot. Your body composition, everything that you see is made out of food. You are made out of food. You are meat. You are flesh. Please eat some. Literally the only reason that I'm vegan is to help animals. Veganism... Then help yourself first. Veganism can be a healthy thing. Veganism can also be an unhealthy thing. Clear? No, it actually is just an unhealthy thing. It is healthier in the beginning states when you're coming off a standard American diet. I grant you that. In the beginning as a detox, it is a better way than stuffing down cheeseburgers, all day long. However, after a while you become depleted. So veganism is never a healthy thing. A quick plant based fast on the other hand is a different topic for another day. Clearly, eating animals, according to science and all of the recommendations of all the FDA and all the f***ing health organizations in the world. Appeal to authority. Eating more plant foods is literally correlated with less illnesses. So I'm just like...   I mean, they don't know anything. So wait a second. Science says you should eat avocado toast with tomatoes? Science! The body does thermogenesis or genesis or whatever you call it. And I f***ing translated articles that were... Vegans have no idea about nutrition. Completely f***ing made up sci-fi f***ing. So much swearing. Okay. And I put it on a website. I had a rattle for website in Hebrew and I was just like, yeah, this is like, this is the answer. Of course that's the answer because science doesn't have a f***ing clue. I mean, these people from Australia, they sure know what they're doing. I mean, look... All right. Now you're sad and angry. Again, a lot of emotional trauma freely has let you down. That is all fine and dandy. But if you really look into it, what happened there? You went rattle for 80-10-10. Why? Probably because you didn't feel good on your diet prior to it. You were seeking. You were searching. You were trying to make sense of your issues. You were looking for belonging, for groups, for cults. And those guys let you down. And now you're left with the also scientific avocado, tomato, toast. Look at them. Here's the proof. I'm like, that is a cult mentality.  And I feel really... It is so easy to see through you. I always know what you're gonna say next. That's for people who are stuck on the other side of that cult mentality, because they just came out of a cult and started another cult. And it's just... And you are not in a cult any longer? You're maybe one percent of the population that excludes animal foods. You are not in a cult. Man, like, get some help. I mean... Projection? I'm not saying I'm perfect. Clearly I'm not. But I'm at least trying to, like, work on myself. I go to... But how do you work on yourself if you're not changing the root cause of diet? Treatment. I just came back from treatment. I got connected to my inner child. It was super vulnerable.  And I'm just like... You're crying all day long. What you need is meat and Jesus. I'm trying to work on things. I'm trying to make my life better, so I can be a better person in society, so that I can feel less shit, so that I can, you know, portray a better message. But what do you do for society? Do you work? Do you have some sort of animal shelter? A sanctuary? What do you really do, aside from doing a couple of YouTube videos that generate less than 2,000 clicks? It's to other people. I mean, I just don't understand what making those videos does. We are trying to help you people. And the good news is, I get messages on a daily basis. Hundreds of them of people that reclaim their health. It is beautiful to see people snap out of their cult mentality. They leave veganism behind.  They can be productive members of society. This is why we make videos. I know this seems malicious to you. It seems evil, bad, bad carnivores.  But the reality of things says we want to help you. How? I mean, it's literally you're profiting off of other people by giving out false information and having other people believe that false information. But wait a second.  People are getting sick. We have thousands and thousands of ex-vegan testimonies. We are preaching nutritionally dense animal foods. It helps people. It has always helped people in all of human history. This is what we do. Why is it false? Again, denial. That raises you up as a person who shares that information and is some sort of authoritative figure. Is that sort of like... Authoritarian. And I'm not even an English speaker. Anyways, no, it is not about that. If you watch my channel, you will see that I do not care about my personality. Quite the opposite. I'm disgusted with pop culture. I'm disgusted with the glorification and the idolization of people. I am not into that stuff. All I do is share my perspective so lost souls like yourself can be helped. Establishment of whatever. That's fake too, I guess.  I'm not trying to fake my... But you do. Anything.  Everything that I... Like... I believe you that you believe that it is real. But everybody can see through you, Hania. It is not real. Feel is like authentically me. Granted, I'm not at all times connected to all parts of myself. I have many different modes and schemas and different ways that I... That's what you just learned at therapy, isn't it? You know, I'm not trying to say I have a DID, like a dissociative identity disorder, but I definitely do have different parts of me that are in control in different times. That's what my therapist said. But when I portray each and every one of them, I am me. This is part of me. This is who I am. So I'm like... I might not always be connected to all of the parts of myself. I'm not a whole integrative person. And I mean, that has nothing to do with veganism. It has to do with, you know...    All right, correct me if I'm wrong, but from what I've seen on your channel, you live pretty protected. Very close to your parents or even with your parents. You're having couple of friends around. You're living in Israel. You're not living across the border. You are in a safe zone. You are spoiled and you believe that you have all so many issues.  We all have issues. Your suffering right now is self-inflicted. Nothing more and nothing less. In a wreck. Honestly, I don't know how I'm even alive to this point. Like, how is that even possible? I survived...  That is the result of that. It has nothing to do with a diet. A diet is not gonna fix... No, that is actually a good point. The question is always, what came first? The mental illness or veganism? It is like the chicken and the egg. My, you know, issues. My mental issues. My whatever. As I can only do so much. It can only go so far. You could just eat a steak. And I mean, it's amazing. Like, it would have been amazing if it was that way. But honestly, it just doesn't work that way. I used to think that way about Wattel IV. I used to think, yeah, if I will eat this, everything will be fine.  I just f***ed up my whole digestive system. I became even more f***ed up because of that. Now... Exactly. Thank God you see the light. Instead of incorporating meat and getting rid of the plants, what you did is go fully into plant kingdom and eat only fruits and not little of it. We all know what Wattel IV is. 20, 30 bananas. Stuff yourself until you get a histamine reaction. Of course, that is not helpful. And I understand you. I see you've been let down. And I do understand that it's hard for you to trust and to see people reclaiming their health with a diet that seems so foreign to you. You tried it once, but you tried it within veganism. Henja, let me tell you. I tried every single approach within veganism as well. I did the raw veganism. I did the fruitarianism. The whole food, plant-based veganism. I did the bodybuilding veganism, high protein supplemented, low footmap, ketogenic vegan diet. All of it. I tried it all. And guess what? Spoiler. It all failed. Of course it did because it was all veganism, all forms of eating plants, whilst being a carnivorous being. Simple as that, Henja. Give carnivory a chance and you will see how your issues vanish. Finally, doing a bit better. And I mean, that has nothing to do with the diet and the things that I'm eating. If anything, eating more unhealthy is healthier for me because my body doesn't do well on fibers. I feel like I'm just wearing my watch. And you don't see it. Yes, of course you will do better if you're eating unhealthy because you're eating processed carbs where you don't have the fiber. But guess what doesn't have fiber? Meat! Ah, it is that simple and you do not see it.  If plants are so good for you, why is fiber so bad for me? Those of you who follow me for a long time and you know know the whole story, not just like oh my god, it's my ex-boyfriend. Comments from you guys. I couldn't help but like the experience back. She's deeply hurt. I can 2016 with Gregor and yep, luckily I saw the light. He has seen the light and he is now an ex vegan. My fiancee and I are keen on some kids soon. Honestly. Yes. Sad, right? This man reclaimed his health. This man is looking forward to having a family. What do you have? It is truly sad. I feel your pain.  What will you have? No husband. What would have that guy have gotten if he stayed with you? He would get a vasectomy, mutilate his body, become infertile. A great vegan future. I don't want to say anything. Good luck to them. So yeah. You are possessed by demons.  Don't believe people on the internet that say stuff like in an authoritative kind of way and try not to get sucked into calls and like please just remember that things. So much projection. Don't get sucked into a cult. The vegan set.  Everything is eat meat. It is the first step in process. And you cannot get better without doing like multiple things. It's this. Actually, life can be pretty simple. You do not need to do multiple things. We talked about this on this channel. Is veganism extreme? Is carnivory extreme? Veganism is one end of the extreme. Carnivory the other. However, the difference is that carnivory is extreme. Extremely simple. Same with rehab and drugs.  I mean, the problem is... All right. Let's all listen to Henya Menya. All I want to do is eat unhealthy food and take drugs. Great. Eat down and we're all like pretty miserable, I believe, to live this world and not being able to connect in the way that our bodies and minds are supposed to. You know, like, how are we evolutionarily evolved? Ah, there is the problem. You believe evolutionary. We evolve to be in a certain way, where we connect in a certain way with our bodies. Is that really so? Or are you missing God in your life? I mean, we do not live in tribes anymore. We do not live the lifestyle that we have. We live in urban jungles and we do crazy sh** for living. You live in an urban jungle. Nobody forces you to. And I mean, that takes a toll on all of us. So please just try to be good to yourselves and other people and just remember that there is no... But you are not good to yourself, Henya. One solution to everything. There is no such thing. Everything is a process. I'm just learning it now. After like 21 years, actually 22 years now of therapy. And yeah, just be kind. Be nice people.   And that is it. And good luck to all of y'all. I love you guys. I'm gonna end this video here because I'm so f**king done. Guys, the vlogmas, I just can't. I'm gonna continue doing this as long as I possibly can, like until Christmas. But let's be honest, I'm... Why do you celebrate Christmas? I'm a malnourished vegan and I'm so depressed. And yeah, just wanna give myself a little break. See you guys. Love you. Bye. All right. The video has been long enough. A really, really sad display. Absolute projection. Absolute insecurity. Mental illness through plans. Dear Henya, if you don't want to say it is veganism, nevertheless, it is the same thing. Mental illness through plant-based diets. The standard American diet is heavily plant-based as well. You're starting your day with a couple of bagels and on top you have maybe a little bit of breakfast meat. That is plant-based. Anyways, guys, the video is long enough. I believe I said everything I had to say. I truly hope for Henya, the chief will wake up. I wish her nothing but the best.  That is a natural psychosis that comes from those states. The reality of things is it is the opposite. We want to help you. Henya, I wish you nothing but the best. All right, guys, if you like this video, leave it a thumbs up. If you haven't subscribed already, please do so. And guys, if you want to support the channel, all the links are in the description box below. If you want raw grass-fed liver, but you cannot stand the taste, grassland nutrition has the solution. Grassland nutrition takes grass-fed organic beef liver raw and freeze-dries it for you. It is a convenient, fantastic way to get the nutrition of liver without the taste. We have Amazon links for you. You can head over there, buy whatever you might want to buy, and it doesn't cost you anything extra.  That is a fantastic way to support Bobby's perspective. If you want grass-fed beef delivered to your doorstep, butcher boxes for you. And we have CBD links as well. On top of that, guys, consider supporting Bobby's perspective through Subscribestar or Patreon. We have a VIP community there where we have Skype group calls every single week where we can discuss any topic, no matter if it is health, lifestyle, or nutrition related. 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The presidential candidate of the all-progressive Congress, Bola Tinibu, has felicitated Christians in the country as they join their counterparts across the world to celebrate Christmas. Ashiwajit Tinibu in his Christmas message charged all Nigerians irrespective of political affiliation or differences to work towards moving the country forward. According to the APC standard bearer, the greatness of the country should be the paramount responsibility of all. For mankind and what truly it means to love your God, your neighbor, and yourself. I say Merry Christmas to the father, the students, the laborer, the attrition, the all-professionals, the entertainer, the teacher, the police officers, the market women, the soldier, and to all Nigerians. I also extend my wishes for a good, happy Christmas to my political supplement also. No matter our political differences, we are all Nigerians. I will must move this nation forward.


So the Green Bandana that you see around campus signifies that someone is, one, able to talk about mental health as well as to know the mental health resources on campus. When I'm walking around campus and I see someone that has a Green Bandana on their backpack, I smile a little bit as I know that when I see a Green Bandana I know that I'm able to go talk to someone if I have any issues that I'm having. I think M-Ha is one of the most exciting times of the year and I think it really allows Purdue students to take a step back from the grind, the kind of Purdue grit of what it takes to be successful academically and really learn about some of the things that they can help to implement in their own lives, in their own mental health journey. The Mental Health Action Week mission statement is cultivating a community of care by equipping students with the tools that they need to take action relating to mental health, empowering students to prioritize their well-being and uniting as one university to destigmatize mental health. I think the idea about the culture of persistence around mental health is by embedding it in within the academic space, embedding it in with the experiences here at Purdue really says and kind of centers the conversation on mental health is important and we know that really supporting the student and each other is one of the ways that we can be successful here. M-Ha is all about uniting and bringing together the Purdue community. We really place an emphasis on including organizations and students from all walks of life, all parts of campus and also including Purdue administration and faculty in that as well. Just means it's an opportunity for me to really learn more about my campus partners, learn more about the needs of students, learn more about the programs that students are currently interested in and how I can be an active partner and collaborator. Mental Health Action Week fosters togetherness on campus through providing a space for there to be a week of events that are fun, educational, promotional and sustainable advocacy for mental health and well-being. This year's theme for M-Ha is strength and vulnerability. So if you're going to deal with mental health issues, you need to one have the strength to be able to talk about it and then two have the vulnerability to go out and talk about it as well. It's a week where the whole student body is engaged with each other, is learning about the things that they have access to on campus to help themselves and it's just an opportunity for everyone at campus to have the conversation about their own mental well-being and to take action into their own hands. We're trying to make sure that students are taking some time to focus on their mental health and dedicating a week where we can do all of our programming specifically centered around what it means to take care of your mental health. It's this coalition of people that are coming together to promote mental health on campus and really uplift and support their peers.