Good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankar IS Academy. So, these are list of articles chosen for today's discussion. If you can see these articles are chosen from yesterday's and today's newspaper. So, we will be seeing five different articles in that first we will be seeing about NBPS Act and then we will be seeing about GST Compensation Due. Followed by that we will be seeing about births and deaths and followed by that we will be seeing two different articles from yesterday's newspaper. So, without wasting much time now let us move on to the first news article discussion. Now our next news discussion is going to be based on this op-ed article. With each days passing the usage of drugs is found to be increasing among people. If you could remember recently we even had some high profile drug cases gaining headlines in the newspaper. So, on that line a few days back the union ministry of social justice and empowerment has come up with a proposal for changes to some provisions of the Narcotic Striction Psychotropic Substances that is NDPS Act of 1985 and remember this proposal is proposed because in India drug cases are dealt under the provisions of this act and this particular op-ed article is written in this backdrop. So this particular editorial is basically an interview between two eminent personalities and they share their views on the practice of drug usage, the NDPS Act and they also suggest some of the way forward to control the issue. I have decoded this article by drawing only the important points which are relevant for our exam preparation and framed it in a structure with sub-hidings. So kindly pay attention to the points discussed here since it will be very helpful for you in your mains answer writing. So this is the brief gist of the article displayed here. Now with this idea in mind let us approach this discussion. The relevant syllabus for this article is highlighted below for your reference. First let us see about the changes proposed to this article by the union ministry which is in the limelight today. See this article which was brought in 1985 is a stringent law and it even prescribes death penalty for repeat offenders. As of now the article does not make any distinction between an addict recreational user or a first-time user. So this is a problem. So the ministry has suggested changes to this provision and it has recommended for the person using drugs in smaller quantity to be treated as a victim instead of treating him as a criminal. And they should be sent to government-rent rehabilitation centres instead of avoiding them jail terms and imposing fines. That means criminal actions should not be taken against them. So this is what the first recommendation or this is what the first proposal suggested by the union ministry. Apart from that it has also called for decriminalising the possession of narcotic drugs in small quantities for personal purposes. And carefully note that it is not recommending for legalising drug like that in the US. But it only prescribes for the decriminalising of it. That is a person caught for the first time in a drug case is advised to be sent to rehabilitation centre since doing that enables a scope for reformation of such person. And the ministry also recommend to decriminalise the position of narcotic drugs in small quantities for personal purposes. So this is the second point you have to note here. And according to the speaker here the persons using drug in smaller quantities for personal use cannot be bracketed with the person producing narcotic drugs because there is always a difference between a drug supplier and the end user right. So it is important for the drug user to be seen as a patient. But will the proposal to send them to government run rehabilitation centre be an effective move remains to be a matter of question. Because we don't have the adequate infrastructure or adequate deaddiction centre counsellors to properly implement this. And as we know there is already an acute shortage of psychiatrist and counsellors. So at such a juncture we cannot be sure whether this may reap full benefits. So this is a problem or a challenge here. So note this point also it will be very helpful for your mains answer writing. Now talking about the challenges faced by the police while enforcing the NDPS Act. See as we know drug sale in most cases is an organized crime. And it has a long chain of persons involved in the process. So due to this reason it becomes really challenging for the police to cast the persons who are involved in it right from the point of source to the point of destination. Especially when the drugs get transported it becomes even more tedious since it is not possible for them to stop and scrutinize each and every passing vehicles. Nor it is difficult to check each vehicle with special trained sniffer dogs in a sustained manner. This is why most drug arrests are accompanied through specific information leads. The same applies when they are bound to find and destroy narcotic substances beyond the strait jurisdiction. Especially in areas that are mamoist highdotes. So this is the first challenge that the article tries to convey here. As the drug sale is an organized crime it is very difficult for the police to catch the person who involved in it right from the point of source to the point of destination. And it is very difficult to track the supply chain because the narcotic substance are transported even beyond the state jurisdictions. Another big challenge faced by the police is to secure conviction for the accused in drug cases. Since there are frequent delays in court procedures at times there are also cases that do not come up for trial even after two years of having registered them. And by the time the court hears the case most of the accused are out on bail and do not turn up for trial. So this also poses a very big challenge for the police. Even though the police catch the accused there is delay in court proceedings. And at the time when the case come up for a trial even after two years the accused are out on bail and they do not turn up for trial. Because of this they continue to be a part in the supply chain. Now let us see some measures that can be adopted to curb this drug menace. First we need to thoroughly examine and identify the reasons for people getting addicted to narcotic drugs. So whatever the issue may be identifying the core cause of the issue is very important and that is the first point the editorial is trying to convey here. Secondly we should devise a national fund for rehabilitation. And we need to allocate more money for the fund since that can be used to help transform drug addicts. So identifying the root cause is alone not enough we have to devise a national fund for rehabilitation that will help the person to transform or rehabilitate. So the third point is apart from the police and courts even the civil society should take the responsibility to control this. Say for example when vendors should strictly adhere to the person's age while selling substances like whiteness. Since many street children are getting addicted to whiteness. So this is what the third point that the article is trying to convey here. Fourthly our approach to tackle the problem should begin from home. So parents must be able to talk to their children and assure them all support when they face a problem. This moral and emotional support can play a major role in preventing children from getting into this drug trap. That is what the fourth point that the editorial is trying to convey and lastly teachers should keep an eye on school surroundings to ensure that there is no such outlets for children to get into the practice of using drugs. So these are some of the important points that you have to note from this editorial article. It will be very helpful for your mains answer writing. They might ask you a question in ethics or even in social justice there might be a question. So make a note of this and use it in your mains answer wisely. So in this discussion we saw three important parts. First we saw about the changes proposed to the act. That is the Narcotics Drug and Psychotropic Substance that is NDPS Act of 1985. We saw what are the changes proposed to this act by the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. So in that we saw that the person using drug in smaller quantities should be treated as a victim instead of criminalizing them. This is the first point we saw there and we also saw that they should decriminalize the position of narcotic drugs in smaller quantity for personal purposes. So when a person is using drug in a smaller quantity for personal use it should not be bracketed with the person producing narcotic drugs. So that is what the proposal stresses here and followed by that we saw some of the challenges faced by the police by enforcing the NDPS Act. In that we saw that since the drug sale in most cases is an organized crime it has a long chain of persons involved in the process and it is very difficult to catch or keep a track on them because they are linked even beyond the state jurisdiction and followed by that we saw that the delay in court procedures also pose an important challenge and followed by that we saw some of the measures that we have to adapt to curb this direct menace in that we saw that first we should identify the core cause, second we should allocate or devise a national fund for rehabilitation, third we saw that the civil society should take responsibility to control this and fourth we saw that our approach to tackle the problem should begin from home. That is the parent should take responsibility and they have to give a moral and emotional support to their children and finally we saw that the teachers should also keep an eye on school surroundings to ensure that there are no such outlets for children to get into the practice of using drugs. So to conclude as per the speaker more than recommending changes to these provisions for entire country it is important for the states to be consulted in this regard because policing is a state subject and it is not in the concurrent list. So instead of suggesting proposals to change sections of the law for the entire country it would be good to introduce this move on a pilot basis. Say for example at initial level it can be introduced in one state where there is a acute drug related problem and in this regard the government can also take examples from the best practices in the world as well and more than tackling it we must first examine the root cause of the problem like was instead of just relying only on law enforcing agencies even the civil and government should work together to create an enabling environment to address the issue. So these are some of the takeaway points from this article and with this let us wind up and move on to the next news article discussion. Now let us take up this news article which is about GST compensation so the news here is that the union government has given 44,000 crore rupees in back-to-back loans to the state and union territories in replacement of their GST compensation due. So the union government instead of paying the compensation due that is the GST compensation due they have given 44,000 crore rupees back-to-back loan to states and union territories and an important point to note here is that the estimated GST compensation shortfall for this fiscal year has been distributed in three installments that is 75,000 crore rupees in July 15th 40,000 crore rupees in October 7th and the most recent payment of 44,000 crore rupees and note that one third of the loan amount has been provided to just four states namely Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Punjab. Now in this context let us quickly review the back-to-back borrowing process which has recently gotten a lot of attention. We'll see how the back-to-back loan works with an example. See back-to-back loan which is also termed as a parallel loan is an agreement between two parent companies in different countries. So under this agreement the two parent companies which are based in different countries will borrow offsetting amount in their local currencies and then they will lend that money to the other local subsidiary and the main purpose behind doing this is to avoid borrowing money across country lines. See borrowing money across country lines has got a lot of issues like price fluctuations, possible restrictions, unwanted transparency issues and fees associated with forex markets. So to avoid these exchange risk back-to-back loan helps. So this is the general concept of back-to-back loan. If you don't understand the concept let me explain it with an example. Say for example just imagine an American company that decides to open an office in India and an Indian company that wishes to open an office in America can engage in back-to-back loan. See in this type of loan what happens is the American company can lend the Indian company two million dollars to open an office in America while the Indian company would also lend the American company an equivalent of two million dollars also. Here you have to note the term equivalent. If the American company lends the Indian company in dollars the Indian company can lend the American company equivalent of dollars in rupees itself. So this is the basic underlying concept. Here both the corporations will be able to manage the currency risk because the loans are made in their respective currencies. This is a very important advantage of using a back-to-back loan and remember both loans however will have the same maturity date and will be repaired on the same day. Now let's look how this works in the context of center-state relations. See we are aware that state government in India do not have direct access to external sources of funding right. So to solve this issue the 12th finance commission suggested that the union government provide back-to-back external support to Indian state governments. In other words when the federal government makes loan to state governments on a back-to-back basis it means that the state will face the same terms and circumstances as the union government. Terms and circumstances like concessional interest rate, grace period and maturity profiles, commitment charges and amortization schedules. So these kinds of terms which are faced by the union government will be faced by the state government as well and this is because they have access to finance from bilateral and multilateral sources. So here is a shortcoming also. See the states would have to face currency risk since principal repayment and interest repayment on such loans to external agencies are designated in foreign currencies. We cannot pay in Indian currency we have to pay in foreign currency which will put the state government in risk. So this is a shortcoming. So by now I hope you have a clear understanding on the concept of back-to-back loan. Now coming back if you have noticed the dispersal of GST compensation due for this year is found to have taken place earlier. See as we know we still have five more months remaining in this fiscal year and this early dispersal is expected to help the states to manage their finances in a better manner compared to 2020-2021. Since in 2020-2021 the amount was transferred to them in smaller installments till the later half of the year. So this early dispersal is expected to help the state and union territories in planning their public expenditure efficiently especially when it comes to improving health infrastructure and other infrastructure projects and the move also helps the state to avoid the bunching up of spending plans towards the end of the year as well. So these are some of the takeaway points from the article. You have to make a note of it because it is a very important economic term and you can expect a question like this. So in this discussion we saw what is a back-to-back loan. We saw an example also and we saw how the back-to-back plan works in the context of center state relations and we also saw a shortcoming of the back-to-back loans and we saw some of the advantages of the early dispersal of GST compensation due. So these are some of the takeaway points from the article. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us take up this news article which is related to the registration of birth and death in India. So this article basically talks about an amendment that has been proposed to a 1969 act which is titled as the registration of birth and death act 1969 which is shortly known as the RVD Act of 1969 and this amendment is aimed at enabling the center to maintain the database of registered birth and death at the national level. So this is the news for today and let us see some of the important points mentioned in the news article. See the registration of births and deaths in India was made mandatory with the enactment of this RVD Act 1969 and as you would be aware generally the registration is done as per the place of occurrence of the event and when you take the present practice the registration of birth and deaths is done by the local register who is appointed by the states. See as per section 4 of the act the chief register is instructed to coordinate, unify and supervise the work of registration in the state and to prepare and submit a report on their work to the state government. So this is the present existing practice. Now under the said amendment a new direction is being proposed and according to this the chief register who is appointed by the state is expected to maintain a unified database of civil registration records at state level and he is then mandated to integrate it with the database at national level which is maintained by the registered general of India RGI. So as per the existing practice the local register who is appointed by the state register the birth and death in the place of occurrence of the event and the chief register is instructed to coordinate, unify and supervise the work of registration in the state and he is responsible to prepare and submit a report on their working to the state government. So this is the existing practice and as per the said amendment a new direction is being proposed and according to that the chief register who is appointed by the state is expected to maintain a unified database of civil registration records at state level. He is also mandated to integrate it with the database at the national level. So to put it in simple words in addition to the data storage that is being done in the states the amendment implies that the center will also be a parallel repository of data. Know that these amendments have been proposed by the registered general of India that is RGI which works under the union home ministry. Apart from this a new section named section 3A has also been proposed to be inserted in the act and when you take this proposal the registered general of India will be maintaining the database of registered birth and death at the national level and the proposal directs that with approval of central government this maintained data can be used to update the following acts. You can see those acts in the image here they include population register prepared under the Citizenship Act 1955 electoral registers of electoral rules prepared under representation of People's Act 1951 other database prepared under other Act 2016. So these acts can be updated with the approval of the central government by using the data collected. So that means if these amendments are implemented then the center could use the data to update the national population register that is NPR. See the NPR already has a database of 119 crore residents and under the citizenship rules 2003 it is the first step towards the creation of NRC that is national register of citizens. So these are some of the takeaway points from this news article. So in this discussion we saw about the existing system in the registration of births and deaths in India and we also saw some of the proposals which is proposed to amend the registration of births and deaths Act 1969 and we also saw about the significance of this amendment. So with this we came to the end of this news article discussion. Now let us move on to the next news article. Now let us take up this article for our discussion. See this article was written by Dr. Srinath Reddy who is president of public foundation of India and he talks about the weakness of Indian healthcare sector which was exposed during the second wave of Covid. He further goes on to discuss about the recently launched Pradhan Mantri Aishman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission ABIM which will help us in addressing the gap in the healthcare sector. So this is the overall outline of the article. Now let us start our discussion. The relevant syllabus is highlighted here for your reference. To begin with let us first start with the weaknesses of the Indian healthcare sector in order to appreciate the changes brought by the ABIM. Let us not limit ourselves to the weakness of the sector that were exposed by the Covid second wave alone. We shall also discuss all the challenges that the Indian healthcare sector faces so that we get a broad understanding. See according to National Institute of Health the challenges that the Indian health sector faces can be categorized under five A's. See the first A is access that is the lack of access to healthcare. See the basic unit of healthcare in India is the primary healthcare centers but they are underfunded. When you come to rural centers they lack proper infrastructure and availability of basic drugs. When you come to urban areas the primary health sector here also is not properly given attention by the government. Based on the access to health there is a huge disparity between rural and urban areas. Now based on the access to health in rural areas the doctor to people ratio is very low. So this is the first A. Now coming to the second A. The second A is absence. That is the absence of a properly trained manpower. See in most district medical hospitals there is a shortage of specialist doctors and there is also a shortage of supporting staffs. See the number of medical colleges in India are also low and this becomes a very huge problem when we compare our country's huge population with the available number of medical colleges. So now next comes the third A that is affordability. This A addresses the issue with health being not affordable to the general public. See in India 75 percentage of healthcare expenditure comes as out of pocket spending of households. Adding to this problem is the private health sector not being regulated by the government. So this makes quality healthcare not affordable to most of the Indians. So this is the third A and now moving on to the fourth A. Fourth A is awareness. See there is a lack of awareness. Many factors play an important role here. Most importantly due to lack of capacity building the people are not aware of their rights. Also due to lower educational status and lower functional literacy their behavioural changes different is difficult to bring out in the people as well. So this is the fourth A and the fifth and the final A is accountability. See there is lack of accountability in the health sector and the culture of accountability among the healthcare professionals is quite low in India. So these other five A's which are categorized as challenges which are faced by Indian health sector by National Institute of Health. In addition to the above mentioned weaknesses the lack of adequate budget allocation for healthcare spending is compounding the problem of the sector. See currently according to 2021 to 2022 budget India allocated 1.8 percentage of GDP for healthcare which is suboptimal. So this also poses a challenge for health sector and these are some of the major challenges that the healthcare sector faces in India. Now moving on let us discuss about the recently launched ABIM that is Pradhan Mantri Aishman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission. First let's see a little bit of introduction about the mission. See on 21st October our Prime Minister launched the Pradhan Mantri ABIM. It was launched with a budget outlay of 64,000 crore rupees. The ABIM scheme is a Pan India Health Infrastructure Initiative and this mission intends to give India's capacity to deal with emerging public health challenges a much needed boost. As a result of this India's health infrastructure will undergo a paradigm shift or it will undergo a fundamental change and become more resilient. This was launched because for any country to achieve prosperity first its citizens must be healthy. So ABIM helps in addressing the challenges in the health sector. Now let us see how ABIM helps in addressing the challenges faced by the healthcare sector. See to address the accessibility issue ABIM is planning to extend the primary healthcare infrastructure in India. See ABIM will support infrastructure development of 17,788 rural health and wellness centers in seven high focused states and three northeastern states. In addition to that the ABIM will also help in developing 11,044 urban health and wellness centers in close collaboration with urban local bodies. Apart from this the various measures of the scheme will extend primary healthcare services across India. To further increase accessibility the ABIM plans to establish critical care health hospital blocks with 5200 bits. This is because during the pandemic many non-covid patients were denied admission at the hospital due to overcrowding. So these critical care hospital blocks will prevent such problems from resurfacing in the future. Further during non-pandemic times these hospital blocks will be utilized for providing critical care for other disease conditions as well. Apart from this the ABIM also plans or aims to address the accessibility issue during disaster time as well. See the mission plans to establish 15 health emergency operation centers and two container based mobile hospitals. This will ensure accessibility even during times of emergency. Plan is also set in mention to include non-communicable diseases like mental health, diabetes and hypertension also. This will help people to access quality healthcare services. See according to national health portal in India nearly 5.8 million people die from NCDs. That is 5.8 million people die due to heart and lungs diseases, strokes, cancers and diabetes. Every year or in other words one in four Indians have a risk of dying from an NCD before they reach their age of 70. Now coming back this move will bring affordable treatment for non-communicable disease to the people and this will also help in bringing down out-of-pocket expenditure. Now moving on to address the absence of properly trained manpower the network of centers which is from the primary to tertiary level will help train the public health workforce. These trained public health workflows will perform routine public health functions. Apart from this to further aid the development of healthcare workforce the ABIM is planning to add institutional capacity by upgrading the district hospitals as well. These new upgraded digital hospital will help us to create new training centers. Now moving on to make healthcare affordable the health and wellness centers will be linked with the Pradhan Mantri Jan Aurogyo Yojana for all the enlisted beneficiaries. The Oishman Bharat Health and Wellness Center was launched in April 2018 followed by Oishman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aurogyo Yojana in September 2018 and the Oishman Bharat Digital Mission was launched this year in September while the Pan India Health Infrastructure Strengthening Scheme that is PM Oishman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission was launched on 25th October this year. So these initiatives shall provide affordable quality and accessible healthcare to all people. These programs of the government will provide primary secondary tertiary digital and resilient healthcare systems that will equip the country to face challenges of pandemic in the future. Apart from this ABIM has also given due importance to information technology for microbial surveillance a national platform for one health will be established. Four regional national institute of virology will also be established and laboratory capacity under the national center for disease control. The Indian Council of Medical Research and National Research Institute will be strengthened. By integration information technology data driven decision making can be made. This will help in efficient allocation of resources. So overall if implemented properly the Pradhan Mantri ABIM can strengthen India's health system. The mission does this by augmenting capacity in several areas and creating a framework for coordinated functioning at district, state and national levels. So that's all you have to know about Pradhan Mantri ABIM and in this discussion we saw about the various problems faced by the Indian healthcare sector and how the newly launched ABIM will help address these challenges. With this let us conclude this session and take up the next article. Now for our next discussion I have chosen this editorial article. So this editorial is basically about India's energy sector and the author here throws light on the potential role the Russian companies could play in helping India's energy transformation. Here they are talking about switching on to more cleaner forms of energy and the author substantiates his argument by drawing examples of various cooperative initiatives between India and Russia. So this is the underlying essence of this article and the article can be divided into two parts. In the first part the author is trying to substantiate why Russia is a good partner for India and in the second part the author throws light on the potential role the Russian companies could play in helping India's energy transformation. And since this article is quite big I have decoded the article by drawing only the main points and I have mainly included points related to the various past present and upcoming initiatives between both countries across different energy sectors. See these informations is very important both for your problems and mains preparation and especially when it comes to bilateral relations. So without wasting much time let's get into our discussion. The syllabus covered by this editorial is highlighted here for your reference. See as we know India is now emerging to be a leading country in the transformation of global energy and to enhance this initiative it is putting in efforts to diversify its trade relations and when you take Russia it is a country with abundant energy resources and not just that it has also got the interest or the appetite for trade diversification and this simple fact shows that Russia could be an ultimate long-term partner for India in the energy domain. Knowing their worth companies from both the countries are pushing for greater cooperation in the oil and gas sector beyond the investment that were already made in joint projects. So here the author tries to convey that since the Russia have abundant energy resources it could be an ultimate long-term partner for India in the energy domain. So this is the first point you have to note here. Now let us see some of the examples that assures why Russia is a good partner for India. See one very good example for the cooperation between two countries is the joint venture named Reliance Cyborg LS Stromer. See this joint venture has happened between India's Reliance Industry Limited and Russia's Cyborg in 2019. I believe you know what is a joint venture. See a joint venture is a commercial arrangement between two or more participants who agree to cooperate to achieve a particular objective. See the joint venture covers a range of collaborative business agreements which inverse different degrees of integration and the duration of this joint venture may be for a fixed or indefinite duration. So a joint venture is nothing bad it is a commercial arrangement between two or more participants who agree to cooperate to achieve a particular objective. So one such joint venture was between India's Reliance Industry Limited and Russia's Cyborg in 2019. And just know that Cyborg is the largest integrated petrochemicals company in Russia and it is one of the fast-growing company in the global petrochemicals industry. And this joint venture business which is based in Jamnagar, Gujarat presently runs South Asia's first butyl and halogenated butyl rubber production facility. So to put it in simple words, both India and Russia are collaborating in the production of butyl and halogenated butyl rubber and this is the first butyl and halogenated butyl rubber production facility in South Asia. Now let's not get much into the science of that but just remember that butyl and halogenated butyl are forms of synthetic rubber and under this collaboration the Russian company which is the Cyborg has brought to India a unique technology which was not commercially available in the market here. So within a period of one year the firm has become a significant supplier of butyl rubber in the Indian market which was completely dependent on imports till then. So here the author tries to convey that the collaboration with Russian company helped in technology transfer and another good thing about it is that apart from supplying most of the butyl rubber consumed in the country the firm is also exporting its products to Asia, Europe, the United States, Brazil and other countries. To put it in simple words this collaboration helped us in achieving import substitution and export promotion in India. See there is a concept in economics called import substitution and export promotion and it is a very important concept and a strategy used by most of the countries to boost their economy. See basically import substitution is substituting the imported goods with the locally produced goods to meet the internal demand. So to meet the internal demand the locally produced goods will substitute the imported goods. So the country need not import the good from another country anymore. So this is import substitution and export promotion is a strategy where a potential industry is prepared for competitiveness with foreign competitors. See when we trade internationally competition arises right. This may reduce the returns rate that is it may reduce the rate of returns. So export promotion is a strategy in which a potential industry is prepared for competitiveness so that they can compete with their foreign competitors. So this is what the collaboration has given us and this move has got multiple positive implications for India. Apart from helping us to achieve import substitution and export promotion the surplus production results in the uninterrupted critical raw material supply which ultimately supports the growth of India's auto industry. And it also serves as a buffer during events of global supply chain distribution. And most importantly this project is a clear manifestation of the Make in India and Atma Nirbar Bharat initiative. So this is what the author tries to convey in the first part of the editorial. Here the author cites an example of joint venture between India and Russia and the author explained how the collaboration helped in technology transfer, import substitution and export promotion and how this project is a clear manifestation of Make in India and Atma Nirbar Bharat initiatives. So this is why Russia is very important partner to India and now coming to the second part this part deals with the energy sector. See as we all know we are still in the face of coronavirus and it is uncertain when this is going to end. But despite that India has managed to face an economic recovery. See India is reported to have expanded by more than 20% in the June quarter and this expansion is expected to grow by around 9% by the end of 2021 which is found to be higher than China's expected growth of 8.5%. And a good reason for this positive trend or recovery even during the suppression of corona is that India is leaning more towards energy transformation and environmental concerns. And once it started facing recovery we can find India to be increasingly leaning towards the green transition. If you are aware you might know that India has recently achieved a significant milestone in its transition towards green energy that is India has completed the country wide installation of 100 gigawatts of the total installed renewable energy capacity excluding large hydro and on attaining it India aims to hit the 175 gigawatts of renewable energy target by December 2022 and if it attains it that would be close to half of India's current total installed power capacity. See actually India's commitment to net zero emission could positively impact the country's growth trajectory but however the uncertainties of climate change and threats of a new pandemic suggest that the country should accelerate its energy transition in order to be on the safer side and on that line Russia which is one of the key global players across the energy market has got the potential to emerge as an indispensable partner for such a transition and both countries also have an extensive record of bilateral cooperation in the energy domain. Say for example Russian companies have been involved in the construction of six nuclear reactor in the Kudankulam nuclear power project at Tamil Nadu likewise both India and Russia secure the potential of designing a nuclear reactor as well and the list goes on. But then despite these significant progress the coal sector remained to be India's most important source of electricity production and this is the problem here and we know that it is not good for our environment. So in order to meet with the growing energy demand and succeed in its green transformation India needs investment in wind and solar infrastructure, grid expansion and storage to reach its capacity target by 2030. So in such a case India can actually expand cooperation and reach up to partner like Russia to achieve their goal. So to conclude after seeing so many efficient initiatives between the two countries it cannot be denied that Russia is a potential and a suitable partner for India in the energy domain but the need of the hover is that the current bilateral exchange rate needed to be accelerated for India to grasp its potential for energy transformation. Since the bilateral ties require more support mutually from both the governments and with this let us wind up this editorial discussion. In this discussion we saw how Russia can be a good partner for India, we saw an example also and we saw how Russia helped us in technology transfer, import substitution and export promotion, manifestation of making India and Atman-Irbar Bharat initiative and we also saw how Russia can be a good partner for India when it comes to energy sector. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion now let us see some of the problems practice questions. Now look at this first question, this question is about national population register. In the context of the national population register consider the following statements. First statement it is the register of usual residence of the country. Second statement its objective is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country. Third statement it is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the NPR. So which of the statements given above is or or correct? Option A 1 and 2 only, option B 2 only, option C 1 and 3 only and option D 1 2 and 3. See the national population register that is NPR is a register of usual residence of the country and this register is being prepared at the local that is at the village or sub-town, sub-district, district, state and national level and this particular exercise is performed under the provisions of the Citizenship Act 1955 and the citizenship registration of citizens and issue of national identity cards rules 2003. Have in mind it is mandatory for every usual resident of India to register in the NPR. Here what do they mean by usual resident? See a usual resident is one who has resided in a local area for the past six months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next six months or more. So they are classified as usual resident and the main objective behind the NPR is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country and this database will be containing both demographic as well as biometric particulars. So from this we can infer that all the three statements which are given here are correct. So that means the right answer here will be option D that is 1 2 and 3. Now let us move on to the next question. This question is about back-to-back loans. Consider the following statements. First statement the 12th finance commission recommended for the transfer of external assistance to state governments in India by the union government on a back-to-back basis. Second statement under the agreement the states would face identical terms and conditions on account of their access to finance from bilateral and multirated sources which of the statements given above is or are correct. Option A one only option B two only option C both one and two and option D neither one nor two. See if you remember in our GSD compensation discussion we saw about the concept of back-to-back loan and we also saw how it is practiced between center and the state. So the first statement given here is actually correct. Yes it was recommended in the 12th finance commission only and the 12th finance commission recommended for the transfer of external assistance to state governments in India by the union government on a back-to-back basis. On coming to the second statement. See this is also a correct statement because we saw in our discussion when the union government passes a loan on a back-to-back basis to the state government it implies that the states will be facing the identical terms and conditions just like how it is faced by the union government and they are facing it because they have accessed finance from bilateral and multilateral sources so that makes the second statement right as well. So since both the statements are correct here the correct answer for this question is option C both one and two. Main questions are displayed here please write answer and post it in the comment section. With this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video like comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you.


United States. Thank you very much. You've done that. Thank you. Thank you very much, Bill. And thank all of you, ladies and gentlemen. I'm always a little self-conscious when I carry this bundle of papers up here. But I assure you it isn't going to be as long as the papers make it look. The printing is very big. But, you know, I know the importance of brevity in a speech. I was campaigning and a fellow came up to me after the speech, and he was looking kind of accusingly at me. And he says, you've got a nice tan. And I said, well, I've been doing a lot of outdoor rallies. Well, he says, you talk too long. I'm delighted to be here, but I want to say at the outset that I didn't come today just to give a pep talk or exchange niceties. Those of you engaged in law enforcement have struggled long and hard in what must often have seemed like a losing war against the menace of crime. I'm grateful to you for that. I'm sure the American people. But besides being grateful, I have some good news for you. A major initiative that I believe can mark a turning point in the battle against crime. As all of you know, crime today is an American epidemic. It takes the lives of over 20,000 Americans a year. It touches nearly a third of America's homes, and results in about $8.8 billion a year in financial losses. I've resisted figuring out and doing what is sometimes typical in remarks of this kind, and that is to tell you how many people are going to be murdered while I'm talking to you. But these statistics suggest that our criminal justice system is broken down, that it just isn't working, and many Americans are losing faith in it. Nine out of ten Americans believe that the courts in their home areas aren't tough enough on criminals, and the coal statistics do demonstrate the failure of our criminal justice system to adequately pursue, prosecute, and punish criminals. In New York City, for example, less than one percent of reported felonies end in a prison term for the offender. The perception is growing that the crime problem stems from the emergence of a new privileged class in America, a class of repeat offenders and career criminals who think they have a right to victimize their fellow citizens with virtual impunity. They're openly contemptuous of our way of justice. They don't believe they'll be caught, and if they are caught, they're confident that once their cases enter our legal system, the charges will be dropped. Postponed, plea bargained away, or lost in a maze of legal technicalities that make a mockery of our legitimate and honorable concern with civil liberties. Once again, the research shows that this common perception has a strong basis in fact. Just take one limited part of the crime picture. Transit police in New York estimate that only 500 habitual offenders were responsible for nearly half of the crimes committed in their subways last year. This rise in crime, this growth of a hardened criminal class, has partly been the result of misplaced government priorities and a misguided social philosophy. At the root of this philosophy lies utopian presumptions about human nature that see man as primarily a creature of his material environment. By changing this environment through expensive social programs, this philosophy holds that government can permanently change man and usher in an era of prosperity and virtue. In much the same way, individual wrongdoing is seen as the result of poor socio-economic conditions or an underprivileged background. This philosophy suggests in short that there is crime or wrongdoing and that society, not the individual, is to blame. But what has also become abundantly clear in the last few years is that a new political consensus among the American people utterly rejects this point of view. The increase in citizen involvement of the crime problem and the tough new state statutes directed at repeat offenders make it clear that the American people are reasserting certain enduring truths. The belief that right and wrong do matter, that individuals are responsible for their actions, that evil is frequently a conscious choice and that retribution must be swift and sure for those who decide to make a career of preying on the innocent. This administration, even as we're struggling with our economic and international problems, has also been attempting to deal with the threat of crime and to speak for this new consensus. As you know, one of the most critical duties that we faced upon taking office was controlling the influx of illegal drugs into this country. The South Florida Task Force, which we established under the leadership of Vice President George Bush, has, in the opinion of virtually all knowledgeable observers, been highly successful in slowing the illegal flow of drugs into the United States. I'll return to the subject of illegal drug trade in a moment, but let me say now that what was happening in South Florida is an example of the increasing sophistication and power of organized criminal enterprises and the grave danger that they pose to our nation. When I spoke in New Orleans last year to the International Association of Chiefs of Police, I made the point then, as Bill has told you, and I don't think that I should repeat it now, but we do draw distinctions between violent crime, sophisticated crime, or between crimes like drug pushing and crimes like bribery. The truth is, crime doesn't come in categories. It's part of a pattern. If one sector prospers in the community of crime, so ultimately do all the others. As I said then, the street criminal, the drug pusher, the mobster, the corrupt policeman, the public official, they form their own criminal subculture. They contribute to and they prosper in a climate of lawlessness. They need each other. They use each other. They protect each other, and that brings us to the major and sweeping effort that I'm announcing this morning. For many years, we have tolerated in America not just in the illegal and highly dangerous drug traffic, but in many other areas, a syndicate of organized criminals whose power is now reaching unparalleled heights. The personal suffering they cause to our society in human and fiscal terms, the climate of lawlessness that its very existence fosters, has made this network of professional criminals a costly and tragic part of our history. Today, the power of organized crime reaches into every segment of our society. It is estimated that the syndicate has millions of dollars of assets in legitimate businesses. It controls corrupt union locals. It runs burglary rings. It fences for stolen goods. Holes a virtual monopoly on the heroin trade. It thrives on illegal gambling, pornography, gun-running, car theft, arson, and a host of other illegal activities. The existence of this nationwide criminal network and its willingness and too often its success in corrupting and gaining protection from those in high places is an affront to every law-abiding American and an encouragement to every street punk or two-bit criminal who hopes someday to make it into the big time. The reasons for the mob's success are clear. Its tactics and techniques are well known. Organization and discipline, vows of secrecy and loyalty, insulation of its leaders from direct criminal involvement, bribery and corruption of law enforcement and public officials, violence and threats against those who would testify or resist this criminal conspiracy, all have contributed to the protective curtain of silence that surrounds its activities. Through the years, a few dedicated Americans have broken the curtain surrounding this menace and successfully rooted it out. Their names are familiar. Prosecutor Thomas Dewey and Judge William Seabury, Federal Agent Elliott Ness and Senators Kefauver and McClellan, Attorney General Brownell and Kennedy, investigative reporter Don Bowles, important and increasingly effective investigations and prosecutions have also been achieved with the FBI and the Justice Department's strike forces. But too often, the efforts against the mob made by a few dedicated policemen, prosecutors, reporters or public officials have resulted in only temporary gains. The time has come to make these gains permanent. The time has come to cripple the power of the mob in America. A few months ago, Attorney General William French Smith and his staff in collaboration with the Treasury Department put together final plans for a national strategy to expose, prosecute and ultimately cripple organized crime in America. And I want to announce this program today. It is one that outlines a national strategy that I believe will bring us very close to removing a stain from American history that has lasted nearly 100 years. This program is very detailed, but let me now outline just a few of its major facets. First, in view of the success of the South Florida Task Force and because of increasing organized crime involvement and drug abuse, we will establish 12 additional task forces in key areas in the United States. These task forces, under the direction of the Attorney General, will work closely with state and local law enforcement officials. Following the South Florida example, they'll utilize the resources of the federal government, including the FBI, the DEA, the IRS, the ATF, Immigration and Naturalization Service, United States Marshals Services, the U.S. Custom Service, and the Coast Guard. In addition, in some regions, Department of Defense tracking and pursuit capability will be made available. I believe that these task forces will allow us to mount an intensive and coordinated campaign against international and domestic drug trafficking and other organized criminal enterprises. Second, no weapon against organized crime has proved more effective or more important to law enforcement than the investigations carried on by the Keith Alver Committee and the McClellan Committee in the 1950s or the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, which, as many of you may remember, heard testimony from federal informant Joseph Valleci in the 1960s. Although several other commissions on crime have been appointed, since then, none has had the time and the resources to fully investigate the syndicate and lay out a national strategy for its elimination. Accordingly, I am announcing the creation of a panel of 15 distinguished Americans from diverse backgrounds and professions with practical experience in criminal justice and combating organized crime. The purpose of this commission, which will last for three years, will be to undertake a region-by-region analysis of organized crime's influence to analyze and debate the data it gathers and to hold public hearings on the findings. Not only will the work of this commission lead to important legislative recommendations, it will also heighten public awareness and knowledge about the threat of organized crime and mobilize citizen support for its eradication. Third, this administration will launch a project similar to the 50 States project now underway in the area of women's rights that will enlist the nation's governors in bringing about needed criminal justice reforms. For example, without effective enforcement of local and state statutes against various kinds of racketeering like illegal gambling, this vital source of revenue for organized crime will never be fully dried up. This governor's project will attempt to bring to the attention of the states the importance of such initiatives and will serve as a sounding board for the governor's concerns. Fourth, all the diverse agencies and law enforcement bureaus of the federal government will be brought together in a comprehensive attack on drug trafficking and organized crime under a cabinet-level committee chaired by the Attorney General and a working group chaired by the Associate Attorney General. Their job will be to review interagency and intergovernmental cooperation in the struggle against organized crime and, when necessary, bring problems in these areas to my attention. Fifth, we're establishing through Departments of Justice and Treasury, a national center for state and local law enforcement training at the federal facility in Glencoe, Georgia. This center, which will complement the already excellent training programs run by the FBI and DEA, will assist and train local law enforcement, agents and officials in committing or combating new kinds of syndicated crimes such as arson, bombing, bribery, computer theft, contract fraud, and bid-rigging as well as drug smuggling. Sixth, this administration will open a new legislative offensive that is aimed to win approval of reforms in criminal statutes dealing with bail, sentencing, criminal forfeiture, the exclusionary rule, and labor racketeering that are essential in the fight against organized crime. Seventh, I will ask that the Attorney General be required to submit a yearly report to the people through the President and the Congress on the status of the fight against organized crime and organized criminal groups dealing in drugs. This requirement, all those simple and inexpensive, will establish a formal mechanism through which the Justice Department will take a yearly inventory of its efforts in this area and report to the American people on its progress. And eighth, millions of dollars will be allocated for prison and jail facilities so that the mistake of releasing dangerous criminals because of overcrowded prisons will not be repeated. I believe this program will prove to be a highly effective attack on drug trafficking and the even larger problem of organized crime. Its first year will probably cost less than what is spent in one day on illegal drugs in this country or what is spent by one week by many federal programs. But let this much be clear. Our commitment to this program is unshakable. We intend to do what is necessary to end the drug menace and cripple organized crime. We live at a turning point. One of those critical errors in history when time and circumstances unite with the sound instincts of good and decent people to make a crucial difference in the lives of future generations. We can and will make a difference. This is the justification for the offensive on organized criminal enterprises that I've outlined today. It comes down in the end to a simple question we must ask ourselves. What kind of people are we if we continue to tolerate an invisible, lawless empire? Can we honestly say that America is a land with justice for all? If we do not now exert every effort to eliminate this confederation of professional criminals, this dark evil enemy within? You know the answer to that question. The American people want the mob and its associates brought to justice and their power broken. Not out of a sense of vengeance, but out of a sense of justice. Not just from an obligation to punish the guilty, but from an even stronger obligation to protect the innocent. Not simply for the sake of legalities, but for the sake of the law that is the protection of liberty. Justice James Madison wrote in the Federalist Papers is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has and ever will be obtained or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. For the sake of our children, for the sake of all the magnificent accomplishments of the American past, today I ask for your support and the support of our people in this effort to fight the drug menace, to eradicate the cancers of organized crime and public corruption, to make our streets and houses safe again and to return America to the days of respect for the law and the rights of the innocent. Thank you very much.


I have a web server here with this domain name that is hosting a website that is pretty much just one line of code that says hello world and the website is being hosted here under this one file index.html and the code is also hosted here on github where most of the development happens so whenever someone makes a change to the code they will push the change to github and then i'll have to manually download the code again and redeploy it to the web server to port the changes over and today we're going to take a look at how we can automate this process github actions will allow github to automatically port the changes from a github repository whenever someone makes a push to it directly to your deployment server via a protocol called sftp so to do that you have to click on the actions tab on your repository click set up a workflow yourself and here you're gonna have to copy and paste some code into this new file here this code will be in the video's description so you can just go to that link and copy and paste it into your github repository so there are a few things here that you have to change mainly the username you have to change the username here to the username of your linux server that is hosting the website and for a server you have to change this to your server's domain name or the ip address that your server is running on the port is always port 22 as the default ssh port now if you've changed that to a non-standard port then you have to define that here and the ssh private key is basically a method of authenticating github to make changes on your deployment server so for this we're going to have to generate an ssh key pair and to do that we're going to have to open up a terminal session here if you're on the windows it's command prompt so run the command ssh dash key gen dash t rsa so hit enter and just hit enter again to accept the default location to save the key to and the passphrase will just be empty so i'm just going to hit enter and enter again so now what this has done is that it has generated a key pair in this location and so i'm going to cd into that location by typing cd space tilde slash dot ssh and i can do a simple ls and you can see that there's the key pair there so the id underscore rsa.pub file is the public ssh key that you're going to want to copy over to your deployment web server and the id underscore rsa file is the private key that you want to copy over to github so github gets its own key and the server gets its own key and so that's how the key pair authentication works so i'm going to type open dot which will open this location in my file manager and you're going to want to open an sftp or ftp connection to your web server to be able to modify the files there so go to your home directory and create a new folder called dot ssh if it's not already created so new directory dot ssh you can use any ftp client like file zilla or cyberduck it doesn't matter or you could just use your control panel if you have one installed create that ssh folder and create a new file called authorized underscore keys and what you're going to put in this file is that public key that you have just created so i can just drag this and drop it there and you will automatically copy the contents of the file in here and click save and that's done so now i have a file called authorized underscore keys that is basically the same file as this id underscore rsa.pub key on my server but that's just the public key we still need to put the private key into the github repository so github is authorized to make changes on the server so go to your settings tab of your github repository and scroll down until you can see secrets and click on that and click new repository secret this is where we're going to put our private key so i'm going to open up my file manager again where we've generated that private key and i'm going to open this with a simple text editor and just copy everything of that file and paste it here in github uh you can name this key whatever you want but i strongly suggest you to name this ssh underscore private underscore key all caps lock because if i go back to the file that we were editing earlier on you can see that it says here secrets dot ssh underscore private underscore key so if you were to change the name of your private key here you have to change it here as well so don't forget about that once that is done you can go and hit add secret and once the secret is added we just have to go back to our file that we were editing and look at the local path here if you leave local path as the default value this will clone the entire github repository to your remote server now if you want to clone just a portion of your repository you can customize this to your needs and the remote path is basically the target the target location in your remote server that you want to clone your repository to now the default value here is the location of the Apache web server but i have a customized location that i want to put and it's slash home slash username slash um public underscore html so that's going to be my custom remote path and args is basically just sftp arguments you can leave that as default once you're done hit start commit and commit a new file now immediately after we've committed this file we can go to the actions tab and monitor the progress so everything is working right now and just to demonstrate to you that it's working i'm going to edit this file right here so basically the file uh it just says hello world right now on this um server if i go and edit this file on github i change this to hello and hit commit changes uh and give it about like one minute for it to deploy to the web server and i'm going to go to the actions tab just to be sure it has completed so it is done i can see a green tick there so i'm going to go to my web server and reload the page and you can see that instantly we see the changes made to the server without us even going to the server's directory and modifying the public underscore html file ourselves so this is how you use github actions to automatically deploy your repositories to the web server and although it's a little bit complicated to set up what we thought of the ssh key pairs it's still definitely worth it in the long run


Llywodraeth y gweithwch nyfodol. Wel eu hunwselwch, oedd y gallwn gwneud hynny. Mae'r cyfrindwch wedi'i bod ar y cyfrindwch yna. Nameill perlwch yn ffordd 2021. completed ond sy'n 67. Mae'r cerddol iawn ar y parce a canol y gallwn hynny. Yn y fawr gyfrindwch o'r ddefnyddig wahanol mae'r cerddol am hynny ac mae'r ddau cyfrindwch â'r mai ein bod, mae'r cerddol ernoed yn fawr. Mae'r cyn arwain. Ar ddigon. Felly mae'r caffau. Mae'n caffau o'r prototype o'r ffordd ar y cyfnod lle'r hyffordd yn gweld i mi, ac mae'n cael ei wneud o'r blaen. Mae'n cael ei wneud o'r ffordd, mae'r newydd iawn i'n bryd, mae'n cael ei fynd yn ei wneud arall. Ond wedi dweud, mae'n iawn i'n gweithio am ein angen. Nid yw'n gwneud eich angen yn y bryd yn 2020. Felly, nid yw'n i chi. Nid yw'n i chi i'r ffordd, ac mae'n i'n gweithio am y gallu angen i'r angen yn ystod. lleiwael gchild gan pobl i chi. Allawn ein ioli syn bydtor! Are you considering buying grades right now? Understood yn y ceisgol? Please, leave it in the comments below, I want to see how many of you are actually considering this Ion that I'm going to buy. i'r ddyn nhw i ddim i ddefnyddio gyntaf o'i bod rai rai gwybod siarad yma o'n cael ei ddysgu gynhyrchu. Felly hon yn amlwg fel ddim yn ynweithio pa erbyn y dyfodol o'r pwg hyffredig o'r dal i'r llwyr, i'r llwyddoedd i'r chyfodol yn ffasgiddor. A'r gydig i ffasg a'r casgliad arwod newydd yn dyfodil o'r plwy yn dweud yr un. of exposure in terms of the European and U.S. markets. And because of that it's not widely accessible in terms of custom fit centres. And I think a lot of golfers are missing out by not having the opportunity to try it. But even when they do perhaps choose to ignore it. Let's have another question for the comments box down below. When you're buying a set of vines what's the sort of criteria you're looking at in terms of is it all purely based on price? Are you led towards the sort of brand names that you recognise? Is it brand loyalty? Or is it down to a custom fit process and really doing what we should be doing which is identifying what performs the best? Because really that's all it boils down to. We should be looking for the best product that performs in our hands. But I'm not sure that's always the route we go down. It seems like the obvious one, but I'm still not convinced that that's what we do. I'm going to hit an iron right now and believe me, you've been waiting a long time. I will hit this iron and arguably it would be my next set of irons. But will it be? Right, back in the warmth to give you my verdict on what is. Yeah, it is the ZX7. And if you watched a video a week or so ago, I looked at the ZX5, which essentially if you put these two clubs together, the ZX7 is just the smaller profile of the ZX5. Other than that, they look very, very similar. But again, it depends what you like and address. But for me, the ZX7, that smaller profile, slightly thinner top line, that takes that one box that perhaps the ZX5 didn't. But then you start to look at, OK, well it takes that box, but what am I sacrificing? Am I going to lose the sort of the forgiveness, a suppose that is offered in the ZX5 with that bit more bulk and mass? Am I going to start to see ball speeds dropping off? Is that the compromise?   The simple answer to that question is no it didn't. Not one bit. In fact, the numbers from the ZX7 are absolutely fantastic. Once again, every single box from ball speeds through to spin number, launch angle, land angle, and then that carry distance. Nothing is compromised whatsoever in this set of irons. And that's why for me, I said this is quite possibly the best set of irons. Certainly for me anyway, the things that I like because really what I want is I want that small compact profile, but I want the forgiveness that is offered in the more generous clubs, if you like, in the bulkier clubs with a bit more mass around them. And I feel like I get that in the ZX7. I can't believe how much progress has been made in terms of irons over the last couple of years because that's how it's gone. Irons like the P770, irons like the 921 forged again. Smaller profiles, but offering forgiveness and able to play, maybe not as good a player like myself playing a player's iron. And that's exactly what this is. And again, that idea there's a few shots you'll see is able to shape the ball, it a draw, if I could get one out of the bag and again that fade, flight the ball a bit different. The amount of confidence it gave me at address was unreal. So for me, I think that what it does, it looks fantastic. First and foremost, it performed fantastic. And I suppose and the sound and feel is then this one thing that I will say I go on about Mizuno often about nothing feels like a Mizuno. When I quite agree with that, I buy into their strap line. But I'll say with Srixon, this ZX7 and the five for that matter, the feel out of them is incredibly soft. It is so nice to hit a ball. The old adage and sort of knife through butter, that's exactly what it feels like. It is so subtle. It's honestly, it is so nice. And it's a big deal for me, not for everybody. So you put that back into what I said, with that small profile, with those looks, honestly, these irons are, I can't see how anybody would pick fault in them to be quite honest with you. That's where I put them. So for me, people always ask the question again about, you know, well, again, I don't need a set of irons right now, but if I did, the ZX7s would be on top of the list because I think they are absolutely incredible.  Get it out there to the masses because I think that anybody who doesn't get the chance to try these, when you're looking for new irons in that category, well, then you're missing out big time. Anyway, I'm going to carry on inside here. Lots of work to do, as I mentioned earlier on in the video, lots of things happening right now with the average golfer. It's all exciting stuff and I'll keep you updated in the weeks ahead. As ever, thanks for watching this one and I'll see you all soon.


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