Good morning. Welcome to CMC markets on Friday, the 23rd of June and this quick look at the week ahead beginning the 26th of June as we come to the end of the month and the end of the quarter. And it's been a disappointing week for equity markets were on course for five successive daily declines for markets in Europe. And I think we can check I think we can pinpoint the shifting sentiment of markets this month from events of a few days ago, particularly the events of last week. Last week, I think, if I'm honest, because I think when Jay Powell signaled on Wednesday evening of last week that the Federal Reserve, potentially had another two rate hikes up its sleeve. All markets reacted to that. But I think there was always this perhaps expectation that when Powell spoke to lawmakers on Capitol Hill, that perhaps he was just talking a good game, shall we say. That's turned out not to be the case. He continued to press the case for further rate rises. Following on, obviously from the ECB. Just after the Federal Reserve, who suggested that they still see the potential for at least another two or three rate rises. And then, of course, we've had events this week we've had the events of Thursday from the Bank of England. And to a lesser extent the Norges Bank and the Bank of Norway, who both raised rates by 50 basis points. Signalling that they were prepared to do an awful lot more at their August meetings and that I think has really weighed on markets this week. I think when you actually look at the when you when you look at how markets perceived central banks. Two weeks ago, I think there was always this expectation that they weren't really serious about aggressively hiking over the course of the next few months. And now there's been a bit of a mindset shift. And the likelihood is that we aren't going to see rate cuts in the short to medium term. And yes, I did say rate cuts. I think that always been this expectation. The central banks would probably blink when it came to a significant slowdown in global growth. And that could still happen. But I think the events of the past few days have prompted an awful lot of doubt. We're also coming to the end of the month. We're also coming to the end of the course. So we've had a fairly decent run when it comes to equity markets. But overall, I think what we've seen is a little bit of a shift in sentiment in the past two weeks. And it's not been helped by what we're seeing in guilt yields and bond yields more generally. I think if you look over the course of the past two or three weeks, this is the UK two year guilt. We're back above 5%. I think what was particularly interesting I think about the reaction of the guilt market to yesterday's rate hike by the Bank of England was the fact that we didn't really go much above current levels. To a certain extent, I think the price, the rate hike that we saw yesterday was a free hit for the Bank of England. And I think what's happened is they've merely put rates to where they should have been five or six weeks ago. The bigger question is what comes next. And I think that's what markets are reacting to. They're reacting to the fact that we could well see another 25, another 50 basis points from the Bank of England, from the ECB, from the Federal Reserve over the course of the rest of this year. And a willingness, or they sound very willing to risk a recession to push inflation lower. Core CPR here in the UK jumped to 7.1%. That's really spooked the central bank. I think it spooked central bankers more broadly. I think there's this perception that, yes, we've seen a significant reduction more globally in headline inflation from the peaks that we saw in the middle and at the end of last year. And we are now starting to come down. But I think there's now a realization that it's going to be an awful lot stickier than markets that originally envisaged. And that rates are going to have to stay higher for an awful lot longer. And that is what's getting pushed out. And that essentially means that the markets are starting to price in a much higher recession or a stagflation risk going forward. And that's why you're seeing a little bit of a move higher in bond yields. Now, you could argue that you should be going, you know, basically you shouldn't be selling bond markets on the back of that. But at the moment, the markets are pricing in the prospect of high yields up. I struggle with the idea that the Bank of England is going to have a terminal rate of 6%. I really do. You look at wage growth at 7.6%. You look at core CPI at 7.1%. You know, ultimately core CPI is not going to come down particularly quickly while wages are trending at their current clip. But ultimately, all wages are doing is playing catch up on the basis of the fact that consumers are feeling increasingly squazed. Certainly by the fact that energy prices, particularly natural gas prices, their energy bills, not the prices of the pump, but their energy bills are taking so long to come down. And for that, you can blame the government and the energy price cap. Because ultimately, if you look at natural gas prices and how they've behaved over the course of the past few weeks and months, they've come down quite a lot. They've come down massively from the peaks that we saw back in 2022 and now back at levels that they were in 2021. But that hasn't been reflected in energy prices or energy bills. And that's because of the energy price cap. Those prices have been locked in.  Direct debits are coming down. I got notification this month that my direct debit was coming down quite substantially. So that should start to feed in to personal spending, retail sales, which came in better than expected for May. We got a rise of 0.3 in numbers released earlier this morning. You can see that there, expecting a decline of 0.2%. So that should help, I think, some of the offset in terms of higher mortgage rates. I don't think the Bank of England will be hiking rates to 6%. I just cannot see it, not without completely tanking the economy. And I think what you're seeing at the moment with respect to guilt yields is potentially a reflection of that. You've got all these bankers revising up their forecast for the terminal rate. I struggle with that. I think if the Bank of England continues to out-hike the Fed, I can't remember the last time they actually did that. Now rates are not likely to come down any time soon. But I will be surprised if we see much more than another 25 basis points at the August meeting, assuming we see a rate hike at all. I think much will depend on the data, very much data dependent. But at the moment, the markets are pricing in the prospect of much higher rates. And I can't join the consensus on that. I can't see a bank rate of five and a half or 6%. It could be wrong, but that's essentially my gut feeling. So what does that mean for equity markets this week? Well, we've seen a significant decline in the likes of the FTSE 100, the DAX, the Cat Caron, the S&P 500. I think what's significant, though, is we haven't as yet taken out the lows that we saw at the end of May. And I think on that basis, I'm probably encouraged by that. I'm encouraged by that to a certain extent. Now we've taken out this line here, but it's not a particularly strong line. So I'm not going to use it. But what I will be looking at and paying particular attention to is this series of lows through here. So you're talking around about 7,400 area in terms of the FTSE 100 for a potential key support level. But if you look at the candles, if you look at the shadows on the candles here, they're quite long, which suggests that there is certainly interest to buy down here because every time we push down, we've come back up. Now the risk is that selling pressure will continue to grow and will continue to fall back. But I think as long as we hold above 7,440, there is certainly scope for a bit of a rebound on the FTSE 100. If we look at the DAX, similarly, we are still above the may lows. And I think we've got a similar sort of thing here, very long shadow there. But we've also got a very strong area of support all the way through this 15,600 level. So I think that's going to be a key support level going forward, 15,650, there are thereabouts. And as long as we hold above that, there is certainly potential for a little bit of a rebound. If we look at the S&P 500, we've seen a bit of a roll over this week on the shortened week for the US. We're trading at the lows of the week. I think of any of the markets, the US market is the most frothy in terms of the gains that we've seen so far. Does that mean that potentially we could come crashing off again? I think the 50-day moving average for me is my long-term benchmark in terms of the strength of the current rebound. We're seeing a little bit of consolidation, but at the moment I'm not seeing any evidence that markets are in the mood to come crashing off. NASDAQ, similarly, we're still quite away from the support levels that we saw back at the beginning of June. If anything, we could see a little bit of a correction in the NASDAQ if only because it really has extended towards the top side. And potentially we could see a little bit of a reassessment, particularly if US rates continue to remain as sticky as they are. When we looked at UK 2-year guilt yields just then, we did see a move above 5%, but it is struggling a little bit in the short to medium term to hold on to those moves. I think there is certainly interest to buy bonds at those sorts of yields. If we look at, say, for example, the US 2-year yield, we are scratching a little bit higher, but we're still below the highs that we saw earlier this year. And we're also below the highs for UK guilt yields on 5% and 10% from the peaks that we saw back in October. We're close to them, but we haven't moved above them yet. The move in the 2-year yield is a little bit of an outlier. And I think the reason for that is obviously, I think there's a significant concern that mortgage rates could go quite a bit higher. And that's helping to push the 2-year yield up in the way that it is. Looking at currencies for this week, the dollar has been very strong. And once again, we've seen a big drop in the euro on the back of some very weak flash PMIs from France and Germany, which would suggest that the eurozone is likely to remain in recession for the second quarter. Flash PMIs for June. I mean, the French ones were absolutely awful. Services PMI and manufacturing PMI both in contraction territory for June in France. And certainly, I think there are some headwinds coming Europe's way. And on manufacturing, German manufacturing dropped to 41, which again was very weak. Despite all the negative headlines around the pound, we still remain very much in an uptrend. And yes, the rate hike that we saw yesterday did prompt a little bit of a sell-off in the pound, which obviously is not a good sign, but we still speak to confidence in the growth outlook for UK assets, which also helps to explain the underperformance that we've seen on the FTSE 100. But at the end of the day, for me, price action is the most important aspect of the jobs that I do. If you listen to the mainstream media, you'd be forgiven for thinking that we're about to head into an apocalypse. And what's saying that things aren't going to be difficult, they are. I mean, they have been, but a past two years in terms of the squeeze on disposable incomes, the big rise in energy prices, the energy price cap, which obviously did its job on the way up, but it's actually squeezing inflation on the way down and squeezing incomes on the way down because ultimately gas prices coming down aren't being reflected in the headline inflation rate. That should improve in July. It should also improve even further in October. But I really don't know why the government just doesn't just bin it because ultimately it served its purpose and needs to go in the recycle bin. But, you know, that's, that's, that's for the government. And the tax rises, obviously, that the government implemented in April aren't exactly helping either. So being squeezed from either side, but things are probably not as bad as the media would like to paint. That's not to say they can't get a problem.  In terms of the data that we've got coming out next week, there's not really that much to get our teeth into. We've got final iterations of first quarter GDP from the UK and the U.S. Not really expected to add to the sum of our overall knowledge when it comes to telling us about the respective economies. The US core PCE deflator for May. And that could actually feed into a little bit of a narrative about whether or not the Fed is serious about hiking by another 50 basis points to more 25 basis point rate hikes by the end of this year. I still remain skeptical that the Fed will follow through on its hawkish narrative. That doesn't mean to say that the dollar is not likely to remain strong. But I think if we get any indication of a weak core PCE deflator, then we could well find that the dollar starts to weaken again. The deflator itself pushed up to 4.4% in the April numbers from 4.2. So obviously that is a concern. It's heading in the wrong direction. But I think this week's core PCE numbers along with personal spending numbers ought to offer markets and additional insight into whether concerns about rebounding core inflation are valid and whether or not the Fed's recent hawkishness is justified. So core PCE deflator that's on the 30th got first quarter GDP numbers, final numbers from the UK on the 30th as well and US on the 29th. We've also got stress test results from US banks. Now they're not likely to really tell us anything that we don't already know because ultimately these stress tests are about the big US banks and not so much about the US regional banking sector. But the concerns about the US regional banking sector have subsided to a certain extent. So I'm not really convinced that we're going to find out too much information from these tests simply because then the US regional banks aren't covered under the stress test scenario that the US is basically publishing the results to. They were considered too small or at the time of the tests were run that the US regional banks were considered too small and not systemically important enough. But as recent experience in Europe has taught us and particularly in Spain 10 years ago where a large cohort of Spanish car has nearly brought the economy to its knees and resulted in a banking bailout. Just because a bank is small doesn't mean it won't cause a financial meltdown if it's troubles spread. And we saw a little bit of that in the March sell off in the US banking sector. So I think it's worth considering but at the moment, I think there is this perception perhaps the US economy is still performing reasonably well. Weekly jobless claims are still have aged up a little bit but continuing claims interest interestingly enough actually went lower. So still a fairly strong US labor market is unlikely that we'll start to see that deteriorate sharply much before the end of this year. In the UK, we've got mortgage approvals for May. They are likely to struggle from here on in. And again, that is likely to be that we should expect to see that the whole point of these rate rises from the Bank of England is to tamp down on demand for mortgages and loans to stop consumers spending money. And the mortgage approvals numbers are likely to reflect that for May. We could well see net lending decline as well that declined in April by 1.4 billion the weakest number since July 2021. So you could see further effects of weak lending patterns in the UK economy for May. On the earnings front, I'm going to be particularly interested I think in associated British foods. Why you may ask, well, if we look at the share prices associated British foods, it's actually been doing fairly well since the October lows and earlier this week. The next upgraded is profit forecasts for the current fiscal year. They basically said that sales were holding up well and that UK consumers were actually spending money at a not an excessive rate but certainly I think optimism. With respect to UK consumers was on the up now obviously those that statement was made for the events of this week so that could well change but consumer confidence is also at its best level since January 2022. And assuming that this little squall in the guilt market passes and rates start to head lower. This could well pass so say safe British foods third quarter. Third quarter trading statement on the 26th of June management have already said that they are concerned about consumers spending holding up in the face of rising interest rates and the higher cost of living. But they did say that the first half trading statement that second quarter second half margin is still expected to hold up in line with the first half 8.3%. So I think if they paint a similarly positive narrative to the one painted by next earlier this week then we could see a rebound towards the recent highs. We've also got the latest earnings announcements from Nike fourth quarter numbers. Again with Nike I think their share prices suffered a little bit on the back of concerns about Chinese markets. Certainly if we look at the share price here we can see that the share price has been trading sideways for most of this year did take a little bit of a dip. At the beginning of the month it's now starting to claw its way back. But I think the optimism about the Chinese recovery was slightly overstated and I think there is a risk here that the Nike numbers could actually miss expectations. We are expecting both fourth quarter revenues to come in around about 12.57 billion dollars, but I think given the lackluster nature of recent Chinese consumers spending. These forecasts could miss expectations and Nike sales may have also taken a hit due to recent publicity over its new brand ambassador Dylan Mulvaney and the company's recent advertising campaign. Now I'm not going to go into the pros and cons of that but I think there could well be a little bit of a fallout on that basis. These are their fourth quarter numbers, annual gross margins that were expected to slip back to 43.5% and annual revenues are expected to come in at a record 50.9 billion dollars. So, you know, certainly, you know, the numbers aren't going to be grim, but I certainly think in terms of the forecasts, we may see a little bit of a surprise. But as I say, much will depend on whether or not we can look to recover these peaks here. But certainly the fact that this little candle here is a little bit of an island top or a doji top or reversal would appear to suggest that perhaps Nike's shares could be about to turn a little bit lower. So that's it for this week. As I say, we've got, we've seen five days of declines, we're approaching some key support levels. Let's see how we head into the last week of the quarter and whether or not we can actually round off the half year and look at it in the round. We've had a fairly decent first six months. I think the bigger question is whether or not we can consolidate the gains that we've seen over the past six months, but see notwithstanding, which is pretty much gone nowhere. And whether or not we can see as resilient as six months of the year as we've seen in the first six months of the year. Anyway, that's it for this week, ladies and gents. Thank you very much for listening. It's Michael Houston talking to you from CMC Markets.


Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2018 here in Durban, South Africa, where I'm very pleased to be joined in the studio today by the Honourable Nomvula Mokonyani who is the Minister of Communications for South Africa. Minister, thank you very much indeed for joining us in the studio today. Thank you. Now I'd like to start off by talking about smart digital transformation. It's something that's being banded about here. What does it mean to you? Well, it means, with smart, it means it can be in a position to penetrate both urban and rural so that it becomes inclusive. Secondly, it also means adapting to new technologies and being able to even have the skilled capacity to deal with that, particularly the participation of young people. And thirdly, it must also be cost effective for access and most importantly, there must also be some ownership, particularly through the participation of new role players and all that will be highly dependent on research and development. Now we've heard some inspiring words here from the President this morning. What are the challenges and the opportunities for telecommunications and ICTs here in South Africa? Four challenges come into mind. One it is about the production where the country continues to be the consumer and not a producer for the world. Everything produced in the world lends itself on our palms and we all become excited about it but by the time it reaches our shores there's already a new and upgrade and stuff and therefore that requires a lot of innovation in South Africa to also become competitive in producing. Secondly, it is also about the quality of product, quality of product in terms of environmental challenges because as we deal with innovation, as we deal with the advanced technology, what we have to guard against is the impact on the environment and that is one of the things that we also are looking at working together with various other role players including those that are in the environment sector. The third one is around the skills. The skills that are quite important for the management, for the distribution but most importantly for participating not only as consumers but as owners of products and therefore again the young people become very important, women become critical role players not only as those who can afford to purchase but also as those who can be lend at their hand to become part of the industry, part of those who make the final determination. It's quite exciting for South Africa in Africa to be hosting this conference because it also shows that we also have the capacity which then takes me to being competitive and the last issue, it's about issues around cyber crime because as technology advances there's also privacy that gets compromised particularly when you look at the issues of women, human trafficking, children, cyber bullying and so forth. Those are some of the things including fake news and for a democracy that is still maturing you definitely have to look at that because besides the gadget, besides the instrument what is important is the content, the content that goes with the product becomes therefore important and hence the regulatory environment that is very protective of harm but also very protective of anti-competition but of importance that also takes care of the security not only of the individuals but security of the country. Now ITU is a United Nations agency for ICTs and in terms of the United Nations one of the key goals at the moment is the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals I wanted to ask you about the relationship you think between ICTs and SDGs, how important do you think they are? That's exactly why I was raising the issues around environmental management, that's exactly why I raised the issues around women because for the first time there's a stand-alone outcome in the SDGs that deals with women and the issues around people-to-people relationships becomes also quite important and therefore the issues around telecommunications do also contribute towards a sustainable development agenda that does not undermine the realities of global warming but also that takes along women, young people and those who have been historically disadvantaged because primarily majority of the SDGs seek to also take along developing nations whilst also making it obligatory on developed nations to invest in correcting the inequalities of the past and I think even with telecommunication it is all about that because we know how it can be used as a security threat, as a bullying tactic, we also know how it can just undermine the sovereignty. I mean with the advance of technology there's no border, information reaches everyone on real-time and therefore part of what we should all be doing as we look at smart, innovative development solutions we need to also be concerned about the recipient, the human being who must not actually whose rights will not be compromised but whose responsibility on handling technology also must not undermine peace and stability in the world. Finally we talked briefly about hosting this event here at ITU Telecom World, it's in Durban, South Africa, what's been the value of hosting this event, of course we're very pleased to be here but I wanted to find out from you as hosts. The value has been on three-fold, one it happens in a year where we're celebrating two of our very well-respected freedom fighters. We know that President Mandela is referred to as a world icon but for an ordinary South African this is a freedom fighter, he fought for this freedom. For us to celebrate Albertina Sisulu a woman it's also very important, the coincidence is quite important because the emphasis he has here has also been about don't leave women behind. And I think remembering this freedom fighter, a professional health worker, an intellectual like Albertina Sisulu, it shows that African women have never not been incapacitated. So the African woman is also celebrating this event being hosted here for the first time in its history in Africa and South Africa. We don't even see it as South Africa hosting, we're hosting it as part of Africa and on behalf of Africa. The second issue is about heritage, it happens in the month of September, it's a very important month in the calendar of the Republic of South Africa and part of it is that communication has always been part of our heritage through song, dance, music as you saw with the opening and therefore even with the advanced innovative solutions our heritage can now reach, stands a chance of reaching the world. I saw how international guests were excited watching the beauty of the African culture united in our diversity. Indian to all of them in unison that was very important and is very important for us. The third one is that in the midst of the global economic recession we can still inspire hope that the telecommunications sector can contribute towards growing our economy. And that's why I'm saying here are the three opportunities that we see as the hosts of this world conference. Minister of Communications thank you very much indeed. Thank you very much for inviting us. Thank you.


Welcome back everyone. If you're dealing with Linux forensic disk images, then you might run into something called logical volume management. And I'll show you what an LVM looks like in a Linux disk image. We have this physical disk image copied from a normal Linux system. And one of these partitions has a logical volume management setup on it. So let's go ahead and take a look at what that partition table looks like. I'm going to CD into the directory with the image. We have our first disk 001, E01, and then it's a multi-part disk image. So I'm going to use the SluiceKit tool, MMLS. Let's do the clear MMLS to look at the partition of this disk image. Disk 01 is the E01. And I only needed to give it the first part because SluiceKit is smart enough to know this is a multi-part disk image. So if I hit enter, then we get the partition table. And what we're really interested in here is the logical volume manager partition. So Linux logical volume manager. And it looks like the primary partition on this disk. So let's say I wanted to look in this file system. If we use also a SluiceKit tool, FLS-O, and then we give it the offset for the starting partition, paste that in there and then give it the disk image. Then we get cannot determine file system type. And what will happen, whether you're looking at it with a SluiceKit or in a tool like Autopsy, if the tool does not understand the logical volume manager format of partition, you won't be able to get into the logical data in here. And this isn't encrypted or anything. Basically, you just don't have direct access to the file system. First, you have to rebuild the logical volume and then you can get access to what looks like a partition on top of the logical volume. So there's kind of an extra step in there. We have the physical hard drive, we have the partition, we have the logical volume manager and then a virtual, essentially partition with a file system. And a lot of tools don't seem to support logical volume manager. So let's go ahead and show how to get access to this data directly from my Linux system. Now, I am using a Linux system as the forensic workstation. I'm in Surugi Linux right now and it's best if you are in a Linux system that doesn't already have logical volume management set up because you don't want the names essentially to conflict with each other. And I'll show you that in a second. Okay. So just to check what we have so far on this forensic workstation, we can look at the devices in dev mapper. So LS dash L and that's just listing the directory in dev mapper. Okay. So the only thing I have in here is control basically in my local system, the forensic workstation, I do not have logical volumes set up. So the next thing I want to do is mount the disk image and get access to the raw data inside. So I can use a tool inside EWF tools package called EWF mount. So I'm going to do pseudo EWF mount. And then I need to give it the, um, disk name, disks, one, uh, disk zero, zero, one, easy or one in this case, and then my mount point. And this is going to be the mount point for basically the physical suspect disk. So, uh, Surugi Linux already has some mount points created inside slash MNT. If I do tab tab, I can see all of the different folders that have already been created by default. These are just empty mount points. So we can pretty much use any of them. If we haven't already, I'm going to use EWF one, because we have an expert witness format type of image. So I'm going to mount it to EWF one. So slash MNT EWF one, hit enter. Okay. Now, if, uh, you see this EWF mount and the version number and doesn't say anything else, then it should be successful. We can check that by typing mount. So we do have dev views on MNT EWF one, right? So now, uh, what EWF mount does is create a type of physical, uh, volume, essentially, so we can use sudo slash MNT slash EWF one. That's the folder that we mounted to, and then EWF mount creates a special type of file inside that folder called EWF one. And this second EWF one is the physical volume inside the disc image. So this is basically uncompressed, um, physical disc image, essentially. So we can treat it exactly like a physical disc. So I'm going to go ahead and run, uh, MMLS again from Sleuthkit on that. So sudo MMLS MNT EWF one, EWF one, this is our special device, press enter. And then we get the same partition table again. So we know that this device is a representation of the suspects system. All right. So now we have access to that. We need to start, uh, identifying and mounting up the, uh, logical volume manager partition. All right. So I'm going to clear that and I'm going to use a tool called K part X. So sudo K part X and then dash A dash V slash MNT EWF one, EWF one. Okay. So basically I'm using K part X to identify, uh, all of the partitions inside our new physical disc that we've now attached, press enter. And then we found, uh, looks like a couple of different devices. Right. So now I can go back and just to verify that my system can see this logical volume. I can use LS dash L slash dev mapper. Remember LS is just showing the directory L is just a, a switch to control what we can see essentially, and then slash dev mapper folder in our system. And now we have, uh, three loopback devices as well as VG mint root and VG mint swap. Now these are interesting to us because they're going to be related to the logical volume and specifically we're almost definitely interested in the, uh, root VG mint root, uh, drive. Uh, we could be interested in swap. That's going to give us, um, things like, uh, any information that was available in Ram. So that could be interesting to us for now. Let's go ahead and mount root. That way we can get access to the suspects root, uh, directory. All right. So now that our system, our computer can actually see, uh, what volumes are inside this logical volume manager. Now we can use pseudo L V scan. Okay. Now all we're doing is basically scanning for logical volumes. And then we have those two logical volumes that were detected because they were in our, uh, mapper directory. So now our computer can actually see those logical volumes as logical volumes. And you can say that logical volume or the group is the, um, VG mint. And then one of the partitions is root and that's an 18.5 gig partition. And then we have a one gig swap. So again, we're probably interested in that route there. Okay. So now we have access, uh, at dev VG mint slash root. We can access these directly as devices because our computer understands the logical volume and the, uh, volumes that are inside of there. Okay. So now we can just use this plain old pseudo mount. Mount is just built into our system. And then we want to give it the dev VG mint slash root. And then I need to mount this where I would normally mount a partition. Right. So where am I going to mount the partition again into the MNT folder? Let's look at what we have available. We've already used EWF one. This root directory is actually probably the, um, slash directory in Linux, but in windows, the slash directory equivalent is C drive. So even though it's not a windows system, it's a Linux system. I'm just going to mount it to MNT slash C just because it's a normal. Okay. We got an error. It says warning device right protected, which is good. That's what we wanted. And mounted read only, uh, EWF mount will mount these, uh, read only inside MNT slash C, we've actually mounted up the logical volume and specifically the root partition in the logical volume. So we should be able to see all of the files in that logical volume in, uh, this directory. So we can do CD slash MNT C. And what I would expect to see if I do LS or I'll do LL, um, is all of the files that we would normally see in a Linux root directory. So things like root, uh, var, et cetera, opt, things like that. Okay. So listing everything out. Yeah. So we have bin, boot, dev, et cetera, home, um, media mount. All of these are coming from the suspect logical volume. All right. So now we have a root directory. And, um, a couple of weeks ago, I posted a video about Linux forensics and how I eventually used pseudo CH, um, CH root. And then the, um, what would be MNT slash C. And then you can actually change your own root directory into the suspects root directory and search around just like you're the suspect. Um, but, uh, we don't need to do that today. So now, once you have that mounted up, I'll show you what my mount points look like. We have dev fuse on MNT, EWF one, and we have dev mapper VG mint root on MNT C. So this is the, um, uh, logical volume inside the, um, uh, logical volume manager, and then this fuse device is our physical disc, essentially. So we have our two mount points inside. We can see all of the files inside the logical, um, volume. Now we can throw any tool. Uh, if we're using forensics tools, we can throw any tool at this. So I can even use built-in forensic commands. So for example, I could find, uh, let's do bash history, something like that. Okay. Oh, we found bash completion.  Uh, we don't have permission, but if I would have used, um, uh, pseudo, or if I would have CH rooted into, uh, this directory, I would have had access to all that. Um, so now I can just basically use any tool that I would normally use, um, to process this. And if I want to use something like autopsy, now in my autopsy case, instead of just adding the forensic disc image directly, I can add a local logical volume or I think the option was called files. So add, add files from a directory. So now the directory that I'm interested into process would be slash M and T slash C, add all of those files to autopsy. And then it will process everything just like a normal disc image. Okay. So this is how you can get access to a logical volume on site inside a, um, forensic disc image, logical volume or LVM is normally set up. Like in, in all of the Linux systems that I've used, uh, in the last several years, LVM was the default and not only LVM, but also LVM with encryption. So it's good to know if you're not getting something out of a Linux system, check and see if that partition has logical volume management. Um, and then if it does, then you have to do it usually an extra step. Now some of the forensic tools, especially the commercial ones will support, uh, LVM, but for example, um, autopsy didn't support it by default. So you just have to mount LVM first and then add it to autopsy second. I hope this helps. If you ever find LVM, have a great day.


everybody welcome back to another AI video in this one we're in blockade labs skybox blockade labs and I'm going to show you how to create free that's right free AI images but they're not regular images they're text to 360 degree images you're looking at this image and going oh that looks cool but watch this here we go I'm moving it around we've got some dragons chasing some adventurers another dragon kind of coming out of that wall kind of thing oh look at this another dragon how cool is that this is a 360 degree image and you can download it and create these for free now I'm going to give you a link to the website here I'm going to put that in the description but I'm going to show you two things one I'm going to show you how to create something similar to this and I'm also going to show you how to upload your own image so you can create this type of effect using some image that you've already created so let's start with that one so again sky blocks skybox.blockadelabs.com links in the description below I'm going to go over to the bottom left I'm going to click on upload image when I do that I'm going to grab an image that I made earlier I made a bunch of Dungeons and Dragons style images and presto it's a little bit zoomed in but you can see here the dragon chasing some adventurers firing off some stuff here and it's all in 360 you could scroll around and do your thing look at the dragon awesome so that's the first one just clicking on that button now I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to go back up here I'm going to enter again so I'm going to basically scratch it out and start from nothing I'm going to go back into my discord here or my image journey and I'm going to just copy this prompt I'm going to go ahead and just select it now you guys can select anything you want but I've got a nice cool uh image uh prompt of a dragon chasing some adventurers in a dungeon etc etc eerie glow of magic stone walls all that good stuff I'm going to go back to the website here back to blockade labs and I'm going to control v or command v if you're on a mac and paste it in but before I hit enter you're going to notice here that fantasy landscape is selected that is actually the one we want because we're creating a fantasy landscape but look at all these other options that you can go through advanced low poly infrared modern commu dutch masters you can get the old school painters dreamlike sci-fi it's just it's never ending but this is all in there and again it's all free I'm going to go ahead and click on generate it's going to take a few seconds and while it does that just keep in mind that again this is in beta so you're not going to get perfect results but you're going to get very good results you don't have to pay for it at least right now and it is definitely worth a look so here we go it should be generating in a second here I will speed that up and post okay there we go and look at this we've got this cool photograph of a dragon where's the dragon there's the dragon dragon doing dragon things coming over the wall got maybe one too many no it's okay its legs are pretty good in a castle in a cool landscape you know this is standard like stability diffusion style we've got some you know we got a nice stone castle etc etc this is really fantastic stuff and again free to use so links in the description below give it a shot let me know what you think be back soon