Prišli, da je božem, da sem tko veliko našel. Mi smo se vse izgledačil, tako da je to vse vse, zato je to zelo, da bi bom izgledačil. Prišli, da sem tko našel, da so prišli, da sem prišli našel v ključnih sku, če so nekaj dodajte, da se prišli. Početno, ta božem je na PDI, ali način je tko, ko je zelo, počelti teori, božem, da sem izgledačil, o če so taj začali. Všelo tukaj je to tako. So ta je in zame konlaboracija Assembly by daj student Eilio Marconi, ki je tukaj naya. Imamo to, da smo p fermenteda so. Znamo. Srečo je? The problem is if you have a conservation law, well, it's a textbook result to show that you don't have uniqueness and you need some additional constraints and the typical constraints is kako je vse entropij, kaj je zelo vsega, vsak je vsega. Na skala, na skala vsega, da je vsega, in vsega, da je učin, da je unik. V matematiku, ko je prefes, konvex, konvex, nekaj. Vsega entropija je konvex, in entropija nekaj nekaj, je vsega entropija, Enthropij is something that when applied to the solution of this PDE and using the chain rule, which is given here for at least the most solution, you have zero but for solution, which are whatever you want, distributional solution, you get that this distribution as assigned. So in other words, because as assigned this is a negative measure. So the entropy is dissipating. And this is the dissipation of entropy. So the idea is that there are several reasons why you need a sign here, or you prefer to have a sign here. And typically one of the main argument is that if you assume that your solution here comes from some approximation. So what some more complicated system which has some microscopy structures. Leto, da je bilo vsočen, prej zelo, da je zelo. Haj vseh jezak, ko je zelo, da je zelo, načal se pri infotru ljud vse vse vsezak. Vsezak je zelo, da je vsezak, kaj je zelo, načal se pri infotru ljud vsezak. Tudi načal se pri infotru ljud vsezak, nekaj ne zelo, ko je zelo, ko je zelo da je zelo, zero, ki je ta vsega zelo dzivutnega, ali je ta dobrojevačne, ne možem spraveni, ali zelo način, when you apply eta prime of u to the equation ut plus f prime of u, ux minus uxx, this guy here is just the chain rule, eta prime f prime is equal to q prime, so it's zero, well, the distribution sense is okay, In je prejko vsega zelo vsega delovina, ali druga delovina je vsega delovina, kaj je za tukaj uvratil. Zato, da je tukaj, ta je začin. To so tega pomembna, ker je tukaj za tukaj, ko je vsega delovina, je negativna. I potrebno, že vsega delovina zelo vsega delovina je zelo na tega delovina nekako to vsega delovina. In vsega... zelo, da smo ispeži vsega, še je aj načo vsi sprem svojo vsega. To je načo, da jim ti vsega, ko mi je vsega.  Now starts something more complicated, which is B-V, so for B-V, B-V you have still a chain rule, which is the Volper rule, here it is written in a little bit more complicated setting, but essentially the Volper rule tells you that the continuous part of the derivative, so for B-V you know that if you is B-V exactly equal da se da vse začustimo, da je bilo nijak konfinist, zelo počo na delivat.  In, OK, formula je, že eta je eta prime of u times the continuous part of u. So, being a measure, we have some part, which does not give any measure to sets, which are small, and then you have some the jump part, which is the, in some sense, the most, is the discontinuity part of u.  So, this is in 1D, in multi D, in our case it's in 2D. Well, the jump is controlled by a sum over lepšice curves. So, you have the two traces, the plus and the minus, and it turns out that when you apply the rule here to this distributional form, you get this guy over here, which is zero, simply because this equation implies that the continuous part is zero. The jump part, you get this relation, which is the rankinug on your condition, so it means the conservation. So, whatever transit from one side should exit from the other side, and instead for the entropy you get another relation, but in any case the important thing is that the term, which is not zero, is not this guy, is just the jump part. So, essentially this is what I mean by concentration. So, we will say that the dissipation of entropy is concentrated if it is concentrated on countably many lepšice curves. So, let me make a picture here. So, a priori, if you take the plane, you know just this distributional form less or equal than zero, so it is a measure that you don't know where it is, it can be wherever you want at a priori. In fact, the problem is that you have to add also the other equation, and I say that it has concentrated it instead of having this picture, you have a much nicer picture, so you have some curves, and the entropy is just concentrated on those curves. Let me say that this is really, it's not the worst case, it's the best case, because the equation is invariant by the solid, this is a similar scaling, and this condition is exactly invariant for the same, the similar scaling. So, all the continuous part of the divergence will disappear if you just scale t to alpha t and x to alpha x, and then just this part survives. So, it's the natural scale of the equation. OK, I hope this is clear what I mean by concentration. And so, now why the conjecture comes from? Well, there are several, I'm telling just how they tell me the conjecture, but in the lepšice or in several form is present. So, the conjecture is the following. So, it is related to a model for, you need to know the speed of convergence of a kinetic model with a stochastic model to one dimensional Borgere equation, which is this special case. And you know just that one entropy, which is this special entropy, is assigned measure, not, you don't require to be negative, just as a measure. And now, they want to know if it is concentrated, because in that case they can compute, they can prove what is the gamma limit of some functional, and this functional gives you, OK, they know better than me, but it gives you the speed of convergence of these approximations. OK, so concentration means, as I said, that you can find, can't tell you many cores, the purple here, and you know that this distribution is just a measure along the curve. And the measure is exactly, well, h1, so the length. And this is because the vector field is in L infinity, and it cannot see anything sharper than h1. OK, so this is the conjecture. However, I cannot solve it, so we prove something else, of course. So, let me start before, what was known in the literature. So, the first case is in the case when the flux is convex and concave. So, it's, and it's exactly this case, but the only requirement is that now the measure is negative. So, in that case it's much easier, because you know by several works that essentially the solution is bv for any positive time, because you have tk estimate. So, the positive part of the derivative is bounded by a measure, and this case is 1 over tL1, and then it means that this guy here is a measure, and then you deduce that u is bv, and then you apply the same chain rule. In multid is clearly more complicated, and as you see that the conjecture is presented in set, also in multid, can be stated independent of the dimension. So, in this case what we know is essentially that you can select a rectifiable set, which replace the core with some leap sheets, the dimensional surface, and it turns out that at least one part of the dissipation is over there. But, so I'm saying that the jump part of the dissipation, so the sharpest one, the less regular one, is along surfaces, but you don't say anything about the rest. So, it can be some other part. And finally there is a result in the case when f is, as some regular, in this case there are finitely many inflection points. So, it's like something like close to this guy, but you don't have this estimate here in that case, but still something similar can apply. And in fact what you obtain is that not u is bv, but essentially the characteristic speed which is the derivative of the flux is bv. And there are some additional conditions, but in any case the result is that the jump where the characteristic speed jumps, you select those curves. Being bv, you have at least a way to find the curves. Ok, so the problem is that, ok, you can forget about the picture, but the problem is that in general is not true, and this was an example. Ok, so you have infinitely many inflection points, clearly, otherwise the result would be correct.  Ok, this is not interesting. So, ok, so I think this part is better to understand with the picture. So one of the main things that you have in 1D, I think, is the fact that you can use the method of characteristics. However for the method of characteristics is ok, and so the method of characteristics means that so you take again your equation, which is ut f of u x equal to 0, but then, ok, you write in a cos linear form, so f prime u x equal to 0, and this is known, it means that u is constant along the curves, so u of ut, let's say x plus f prime of u in the same point t, ok, ut plus f prime of ut, t, sorry, t is close u f prime t is equal to 0. So u is constant along straight segments, and the thing is ok until as the standard example, what happen is that, well, when the characteristic cross you have to continue in some way the solution, you know that the solution can be continued, but clearly this representation is false. And at the end, when the method of characteristics is used is in the case of Burger, so let's say the f second greater than 0, because in that case what you can prove is that f prime, ok, is a semi convex. So it's monotone, let's say monotone. In that case there is a good notion of solution of anode of a differential inclusion with the right side, the monotone operator. And it turns out that essentially what comes out when they meet, you just follow the discontinuity of f prime, and essentially this discontinuity is measure 0, so you recover the solution by just continuing the characteristic from t equal to 0. But clearly in general this drawing is false, because this condition is not, as I said is already solved. Because you know that you don't need anything about the method of characteristics. So what I want to present with this picture is how the method of characteristics can be extended. So the idea is that instead of having, so instead of, sorry, instead of taking the initial data, you forget about the initial data, and you take just the flow x, and all the thing is that this flow generated by, in this case, is monotone, so they cannot cross each other, so you require this flow to this monotone, and then you associate to the flow a value, which is not necessarily the initial data. And you say that this value is a good value until some time, which you decide, for example, which you have to choose at some point, so let's say this value, so this curve here stays on the graph of u. Clearly, being a solution u, not, let me say, not a continuous function, so the graph is not a closed set, you have to specify in which sense is valid, and so we can come back. And the sense is the following, it's written here. So at the level, so the value of u can be just, or the derivative of u is just the image of the derivative of w, where w is this value here. So you associate the value w, and then this value w is okay until some time t. So essentially what you say is that I have a graph and a flow, or I have a graph w, which depends only on some parameter y, and the parameter y is not related to x, just in r. And at any time t, I have the map x to y, so these maps, which is a monotone, so w changes side, changes shape, and I say that the graph of this guy over here exactly contains the graph of my original u. So this was done at the beginning, at least for bv by my former student, Stefano Modena, the definition is very complicated. Another important thing is that actually you can prove that if the solution is bv, the derivative of the flow, so this flow x solves the characteristic equation. So when u is continuous is the derivative, otherwise if you have a jump, you take the speed of the discontinuity. Okay, so at the end, this is the extension of the method of characteristic, at least for bv. So the problem is that for l infinity you have a big problem, because if we come back to the formula here, I have to specify w in the set where you see x, now the derivative of x is a measure, but depends on t. And so w should be defined, almost heavy, we expect to the family of measure, the yxt, which is not a priori, but can be very bad. I don't know a priori if this, I mean at the end could be, maybe you need to have it, they define for any time, can happen that, and that clearly is not possible to do. I mean you can show that. So the idea is to change interpretation. So the idea is to interpret this curve here in another way, and let me take the picture, so, sorry, let's forget about it. So the picture is the following. So this was the original idea, this is just the value of u, on the other hand I may think of following. So let's cut the solution only on one side of the curve x, and I give you the value w. So I'm saying I want to solve the, now it's a boundary initial problem, where here I take the initial data, and here I take this value w, which was my, in the Lagrangian representation before was the value that I choose. I can do in one side, I can do in the other side, and it turns out the following, that if you take u plus, define u plus as the solution on the right side with that boundary data, or you take u minus with the solution the left side, and you piece them together, so essentially I'm saying that you can do the following operation. So I have this, I have this curve x, and I have a solution, so ut solves, ut plus f of u, x equal to zero. Then what I can do, on one hand I can solve u plus minus t, this solves ut plus f of u, x equal to zero with the value on gamma is, let's say t is w, gamma plus minus, this solves in x greater than gamma t, or less than gamma t. And if I cut to let's say x greater than gamma t, or less than gamma t, here I obtain u plus or minus, let's say t is with the tilde, and they are the same. So essentially I can first, I solve the whole of pd, and then I cut it, or first I cut and solve, and I get the same thing. So this is a nice structure, because it turns out that, sorry, it turns out that the following holds that this notion of boundary is stable for a lot of converges, so in particular, is stable when it is the solution converges in L1, the curves converging C0, and the boundary data converges, well, in R, essentially. So it turns out that all these notions of convergence, they leave this picture invariant, essentially the convergence in the product space. In the end I can just take, so once I construct this value for a bv, I can take the limit in Kuratovski, or the uniform limit, and what I get is a close composite of all the values and all the curves, such that this picture holds. So gamma is some sort of generalized characteristic and I don't know yet. Yeah, at the end would be. But at this point, no, because it just requires convergence. It's just a boundary value, such that this picture holds. OK. So in fact, what you get is you get a compact set, which is made by three components, so you need the curve gamma, the value w and the time t, and t is less or equal to some function, and this function is t-scorp as a boundary value. And well, as again, the monotonism is preserved by uniform convergence. This is preserved because of compactness of boundary values, admissive or binary values, and because of this compactness also the function will be upper semi-continuous, because any limit is inside your set. And now it comes something more delicate, which is related to the PVE. So one relation is that essentially all your values, well, essentially they have to, they contain all the, well, in PVE I would say these contain the jump set. In general what I can say is just if I fix some two values, y, so two curves, the set of admissible values is connected. And the only relation to the PVE surprisingly is this relation here, which tells you that the speed in any ball is given by, well, all the possible speed you can have. So the value in some point is the intersection of all the possible speed you have in the nearby balls. So this is just because they come from a situation where this holds at the beginning. So the picture is like this. One essentially you have the set y and w, which are the values, and for any y, w I say, OK, this is a good value, so y is, we miss a curve gamma y up to some time t, y. OK, this is a compact set. This is the typograph of this upper set be continuous. So the problem is what I do with this thing over here. OK, this is the picture essentially in the tx plane of the meaning. So essentially fix y, along this curve I can have several values, no, because I'm not saying that it's just one value. In fact, it's not just one value. And for example, the red value, w, y is OK up to this time here. Then something happens. Here is for bv clear, I cannot draw some L infinity function, so t is just a bv function. And t is canceled, these values not needed anymore is canceled. But the green value survives bit farther. The thing is that if I cut this time with the green value, I recover the solution on both sides. If I cut up to this time even also with the red value I recover the solution. OK, so now once we have the characteristic in some time, let's call it the characteristic. One of the methods here for the monotone is the maximal and minimal characteristics. If you want to know the value in this point essentially the domain of dependence. So you say, OK, let me take the maximal characteristic coming from this side and the minimal characteristic coming from that side. And then I say, OK, this is the domain of dependence essentially. And to compute the solution here only to study the initial data here or the equation here and do my business depending on the question. Now I can do it because X is monotone. If you give me a point I can find what is the last characteristic on the left passing through the point. The maximal characteristic on the right passing through the point and this is the positive. So the infimum of all characteristic greater than that guy and the minimal also on the other side. So now I have just to consider the cases. Here is very easy. It happened that you have just one characteristic and in general you can see for the monotone the picture is like this. You cannot do anything better. Actually it's very nice. But while here clearly situation is more complicated. So the first thing is there may be in that point two characteristics at least two characteristics. The number of characteristics passing through X at time t is greater than one. Well, and now I know that maybe I'm confusing you but let me recall that for bv is very easy to say what is a jump. Because you have the right and left traces. You said the right left traces strong right and left traces they are different and then you recover this jump set. For L infinity is not clear at all what is a jump set. So how do you define a jump set? It can be this continuous everywhere. Ok, so but the natural thing is if you look at the picture here the fact that this is a discontinuity is exactly that I'm coming from two sides and since the speed are different the value of u cannot be the same because the speed is f prime of u. Ok, so I just say and this means that two characteristics they join in that point so I say ok, my shop set is the set of points such that at least two characteristics pass through that point. The fact that the map is monotone means that if you have two characteristics there is a small interval and then it means that if you take a dense set of y it is countably curves countably many curves they cover all this set. So we recover at least we found countably many curves. Well another thing is that while you are approaching from the left at some point one characteristic touches before. In the case where it is convex this cannot happen that's why f prime is monotone but in the general case this happens and in fact all the troubles are exactly there. So it touches before and then well it changes. And now the thing is that inside here recall that the values along this curve blue and the green curves are some boundaries. So essentially in some here the solution is given by solving my PDE but with this boundary data and there is no initial data because at some point they join and in that case you can prove that the solution is basically explicit it is like a Riemann problem so the building block and actually is monotone is BV as all the good thing you expect particular for us means that is BV it is an open BV region and for BV I know already that the entropy is concentrated. So these regions are I don't need that. And finally the last case is when I'm approaching and I never touch and this happens the magic is at this point because it turns out that in that case is a straight line. We can forget the proof because is a little bit technical but let's see the implication this was if you remember is the original picture it seems nice but at the end it can be very complicated because you have the flow is not unique in the future and not in the past and you have by forkation you don't know what to do. However the picture, the true picture so you have this countally many curves these BV regions and the rest are straight lines so the picture is much nicer than what one can expect. So far so good, so at the end how to prove the conjecture countally many curves I'm okay in the conjecture if the entropy is over there is okay. BV regions, well BV I can apply the chain rule so here is still okay but the thing is to analyze is what happen on these segments. Okay the fact is that I can take the balance now it turns out that what is the play between the dissipation and the equation so I can make balance along regions of this form for the two equations so first I have ut here so it's here that the magic happen so let's start with the balance of the second equation so I have the flow on the top minus the flow on the bottom this epsilon is just because I want the segment to be Lipschitz and is equal to the dissipation inside this is exactly what the second equation tells us and what is the result the fact is that since this segment they exist from let's say 0 to 1 they cannot the dependence of the speed is Lipschitz otherwise they will cross no and so I have that the density of y so let's say is the length of this segment as t changes is a Lipschitz function can be computer over here okay so we apply this balance now we pass to the limit to the first equation and again here you have 0 now you pass to the limit you replace this guy with the density so change of variable the derivative of the value of u times the change in density is equal to the derivative of the flow okay this is exactly so this is the derivative of u times d sorry u times d the value and this will be the derivative of the flow and now you have to compute okay just you prove first of all the derivative in respect to t of this guy is 0 and there are two cases okay one case is that well we can forget it in any case is that you can show that this guy is derivative 0 and you recover the most important formula which is this chain rule so let me say what this chain rule is important because if f is smooth that is trivial no f u if u is smooth lambda u lambda is f prime of u u y you differentiate by standard calculus get minus f second so u u y u the only thing is that for u l infinity this is completely nonsense no because I am computing l infinity times the distribution and okay nonsense however this guy was lambda so my characteristic speed depends on y and this guy is lambda the derivative respect to y of lambda y and now you see the formula is completely meaningful and this is exactly the chain rule so usually in this problem what is missing is the chain rule so you need the fact that you solve a PD tells you that u is not any l infinity function but satisfies some additional regularity and actually it turns out that this is the additional regularity okay once you have the chain rule well now you reapply to the entropy okay let me forget and essentially you get the second chain rule which is this guy over here and this okay up to some computation um sorry okay this is a little bit complicated but if you want I can explain in the case it turns out that the second chain rule tells you that the measure is just okay it's just the jump part of q you don't have cantor part and the fact that is the jump part is in some sense the the sorry the conjecture will tell you that this value only jumps and the jumps of q is exactly since u is continue is exactly the measure over here okay and then okay you can count them is not important so at the end of the basic rule the basic fact is that you are able to prove an additional chain rule and as for the bvk you can use the chain rule to cancel the term you don't need okay so thank you for the attention so context related question you said that if you take an infinity initial data then you generally don't expect the primal you to get into bv and that's part of the difficulty is there any smooting effect in here any regularizing effect that applies to fm but it's very subtle it's subtle because you have to state in the language of measure you cannot say immediately so essentially it turns out that well there are several cases the smooting is that once you select these curves so you have cantalumene curves which are the curves where something happens okay and now you ask what how is the solution in these curves so essentially in bv what you know is that if you take a point outside this, along each curve have the left and right trace in l1 well here you cannot say that but you can say that there exist the left and right trace in each point up to the linear energy component of f prime so let's say these are the components where f second of u is equal to zero so the connected components of this set so what happen is that well you cannot say what is the limit but you can say that the limit exist in the quotient topology and the u is not bv but the structure up to this quotient topology which means that outside this cantalumene set you have here is a continuity point in this sense of course and here you have the jump part in that sense but if you know the limit in this topology you are able to reconstruct the speed so like for bv you can obtain the Rankino-Gonier condition and essentially is you recover the formula very close to the bv setting so that to state it is complicated infact I prefer not to I just that is more complicated it is not that complicated it requires some tool but yes there are also additional things for example that well you can find in the representation of this boundary more regularity ok maybe just a question how is this related to kinetic formulations ah well the problem was if one open question is whether the right hand side of the kinetic formulations is not just the derivative of a measure but it is a measure and we don't know we try to prove that it is a measure that is not so so clear because well clearly you have once you have this guy over here you know that the kinetic formulation because you have the continuity so let's take the t-set of just points so it's a weakly generally no linear so the limits are taken strongly which is outside is continuous and then you have the strong traces so you know where this measure is going to be concentrated however so everything is explicit in some sense but your bound is just the projection is a measure not that the derivative of that thing is a measure you know that I think you know what I am talking that when you have the derivative of u the dissipation of eta derivative over k the dissipation of eta k and we don't know so we know the set we know everything we can compute everything that is bound


Governor Andy Beshear, First Lady Brittany Beshear, Lieutenant Governor Jacqueline Coleman and others gathered in the Capitol Rotunda Sunday for a service to remember the more than 10,000 Kentuckians who have now died from the coronavirus. The service gave those gathered not only the opportunity to remember and mourn those lost to the virus, but also to urge others to take the steps to defeat it. Our war against COVID, it's different in many ways from the wars fought by our brave soldiers. But to achieve ultimate victory, we need the same things. Urgency, unity, and dedication to one another. The belief that everybody counts and that we are all connected in such fundamental ways. During the service, it was also announced that Kentucky artist Amanda Matthews has been commissioned to create a COVID-19 memorial which will be located on the Capitol grounds. Seven hospitals, including Pikeville Medical Center, are helping to pay for the monument. The public can also contribute to the cost. You can find out how by following a link on our website, mountain-topmedia.com.


We can use compasses to investigate magnetic fields. A compass needle gives us the direction of the magnetic field at a point. The needle acts almost like a vector in vector fields. It points tangential to the field line at its position. The compass needle demonstrates direction exactly like a vector would, except it doesn't have magnitude. Sadly, compass needles don't shrink or grow based on the strength of the magnetic field it's in. We know what the magnetic field around a magnet looks like from previous experiments, but magnetic fields are a type of vector field. And ion filings don't show the direction of the magnetic field, so we'll use a compass to find the direction of the magnetic field around a magnet. To draw the magnetic field around a magnet, we need to know the direction that the magnetic field points in. We can use a compass to identify the direction at different points. Remember that the red arrow of a compass points north. So at a point directly below the magnet, the compass points up. And directly on top of the magnet, the compass also points up. Slightly to the side, you can see the compass starts changing directions. Now if we do this for lots of points around the magnet, we'll get the magnetic field. So if we connect these vectors, we'll get the field line representation of the magnetic field around this magnet. The field lines around a magnet found with a compass has the exact same shape as the field lines indicated by ion filings. With this picture though, we also get the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic field lines always come out from the north pole of the magnet and point towards the south pole of the magnet. If you think back to how we analyzed the electric field around charged particles by looking at how a positive particle will behave, this is similar. In this case, we pretend that there is a north pole of a magnet in isolation and see how that pole behaves. Monopole means single isolated magnetic pole. So if there was a north pole by itself, it would be a monopole. Mono for one. Dipole means pair of equal and oppositely charged poles. So that's a magnet with both a north and south pole. The magnetic field around a bar magnet looks very similar to the electric field around two oppositely charged particles. The positive charge and the north pole of the magnet behave similarly. Same for the negative charge and south pole. The main difference is that charge can exist independently of each other. So it is possible to have a single positive charge or single negative charge without the other, while magnets are dipoles. Theoretically, monopole magnets could exist, but we haven't found any yet. The magnetic field around multiple interacting magnets is more complicated. We could do the same thing and use a compass to draw out the vector field and then draw in the field lines to find the magnetic field. But that's rather tedious. So instead, I'll just show you what the magnetic field around two magnets look like. In image one, the magnets are placed end to end with the north poles facing each other. The field lines come out from the north pole and go to the south. In image two, the magnets are still placed end to end, except this time the north and south pole are facing each other. One of the field lines coming out from the north pole of the left magnet goes into the south pole of the right magnet. However, one of the other lines comes out of the north pole of the left magnet and goes into the south pole of the left magnet. So it doesn't matter if the field line goes into the left magnet south pole or the right magnet south pole. In image three, we have two magnets parallel to each other, with the top magnet south pole being closer to the bottom magnet's north pole and vice versa. And again, the field lines come out of the north pole and go into the south pole. And just like in image two, it doesn't matter which magnet the field line comes out of or goes into. It is possible for the field line to go to a different magnet than the magnet it came from. And here we have two parallel magnets except with the south poles and north poles facing each other. And again, the field lines come out from the north pole and go into the south pole. Looking at these images, we know from real life experience that the magnets in image one and four would repel each other. And the magnets in image two and three would attract each other. The field lines in image one and four go back to the magnet from where it came from. While in image two and three, the field lines can come from a different magnet than the one it goes to. Magnets have many real life applications, aside from being really fun to play with. They are used to seal fridge doors, store data in computers, using every motor and so much more.


No, no, no, no, no, no It's a cheese I miss the waves Fly me up higher Take me to the motherland Doing this beautiful lace front wig If you're new here, my name's Akira Jenae Might as well subscribe, join the family Thank you This hair is from this company called Elmo Hair They didn't reach out to me to do this hair review And, yeah, I'm just gonna say I'm in love So starting off with the box Shipping on the website says about two to five days Mine came in two Okay, once you open your box I'm gonna insert a clip on this side of everything Close up so you can see But it came with a reptile comb A little cosmetic bag A beauty blender It came with, of course, wig cap And your wig is gonna come in a little hair net In this bag, on the bag It just says the length and the hair density This is an 18 inch lace front wig With 150% density And it is 100% human hair You'll also get some lashes And I really, really like this In a removable elastic band I didn't have to use this because this wig It fits very, very snug on my head Not a lot So I just felt it was pointless for me To even put this on and use it But, yeah, the wig does come with An adjustable strap in the back It comes with two combs right here And a comb in the back if I'm not mistaken It will be, I will insert a clip of the inside And like I said, it is a full lace front So I usually only stick to doing middle parts So you can do a middle part It did come, the wig came as a side part So you can part it on either side You do have enough space At the end of the video, I'm gonna try to do Some different hairstyles with it So you can kinda see how much parting And, you know, versatile this wig is But, yeah, like I said, it's 100% human hair It did come pre-plucked I plucked it just a little bit more Just a little bit more Just to get a more realistic look Around the hairline On the website, this wig is listed as Mix, highlight, caramel, color Everything's gonna be in the description box About this wig But, yeah, like I said, it is an 18 inch And usually I never do 18 inches It's either really short Like a short bob or 24 to 26 inches But this comes just a little bit past My boobs for 18 inches So, yeah, I like it I don't know, I may cut it, I may not The only thing I got to complain about This hair, everything else is perfect The only thing I will say is This wig, a little bit on the thinner side For my liking Don't get me wrong It's cute, the highlights poppin' or whatever But I do like thicker hair And I just say that because like If you do want, you know, where your hair up Half up, half down, or, you know, yada yada I feel like it should be a little bit more thicker But I mean, it's not a bad wig It's not, I haven't experienced any shedding Or anything On the website it says no shedding But honestly, all your sheds I don't care what type of hair you got I don't care where it came from Who you bought it from Where they bought it from Whatever After I cut the lace in the front and in the back And customized it around my ears I did get shedding, of course Because I cut, you know, through the lace or whatever But right out the box When I was doing this I wasn't getting any shedding And like right now I'm not getting any shedding And it wasn't like a weird smell either It just smells like, you know, processed hair Or if you go to your local If you go to your local beauty supply store And then like you smell that hair That's what it smells like All you need to do is shampoo and condition And it's fine I will keep you updated in the comments I don't know if I'm going to do a whole Different video of like an update I'll probably just update you in the comments Like a couple weeks from now So if you want to know Come back a couple weeks from now Comment and I'll let you know How this wig is holding up But yeah, it's very true to length The color is beautiful It's very soft It's very silky Like it won't even stand a ponytail It's so dang silky But yeah I'm really, really enjoying this hair So we're going to see if it can hold a curl I already did I don't know where it went I did one piece already But I'm just going to show you again On camera One is already hot So yeah And it's so silky Like I can't even get it to stay up on the wand Because it keeps sliding off Alright So What's good You see it You see it You see it Okay So I do I don't like Like I like to comb through my curls So coming through The curl is still there I like bouncy You know Beach waves Loose wave curls I don't like that tight curl look But as you can see It can hold a curl Pretty good Literally I don't have nothing bad to say about this hair But it can be a little thicker But other than that Everything is good You feel me? So yeah I'm just going to try To do different hairstyles with this if I can And we're going to move right into it


We will study consumer preferences and properties of the feasible set under the chapter of consumer behavior. When we say the feasible set and the properties of the feasible set, we should keep in our focus that the main problem that is faced by a consumer is the optimization. It means the optimization of the resources to attain all the wishful list or we can say the multiple ends. So, the optimization problems, they have several constraints. They cannot be utilized by as such. So, whenever there are the several constraints, we are having various linear inequalities and these linear inequalities, they are solved via certain available set. That solution set that is available with the consumer that is called the feasible set for the consumer. This consumer's feasible set has a number of the properties that are various relevant issues for the analysis of the optimal consumption decision. These properties, they are actually the essence of the feasible set that makes possible the solution of the consumption decision or even the same it can be utilized by a producer during the decision of the production. Now, coming to the properties we are having in our hand, the main four properties are of a feasible set. One, the non-emptiness, second, closeness, third, boundedness and fourth, convexity. Now, we will discuss these properties one by one. When we say non-emptiness as it is very much clear by the name, it means that set of the feasible properties it should not be empty. It means there should be certain thing in our set. And in other words, we say that as we read earlier that there is an empty set and a set in which there is a unit available. So, the basic property of the feasible set is that it should not be empty. Either any one solution or any one element that should be available, then we will say otherwise there can be more than one solution that can be more than one opportunities but being available of only one it will make it a non-empty. Coming to the second that is the boundedness. As the topic tells us the boundedness means that this feasible set will have certain boundaries or it will have certain two points or the edges. So, we can say that this feasible set will have two boundaries. On the one hand, we will say that there will be a lower boundary of this feasible set and on the other hand, there will be a upper boundary. The limit of the lower boundary if we say it, then it should be non-negative. It means, first we said that non-negative means it should not be empty. And when we say non-negative, then if we always say above non-negative, then we say it is zero. But when we see it, then the price in the market is not zero. So, it means it will start with any positive integer and that integer can be a very small number, no issue. And likewise this the upper limit will be there, but there will not be the infinity. So, it will be a finite case starting from a very small number to any large number. But that will be the bounded property of the feasible set. When we come to the third property that is closeness, this is called a set will be closed. If all the points on the boundaries and the other points available in the set, they all are included as the elements of the set. So, if any point that lies on the boundary of the feasible set that will not be excluded, rather it will be included in the feasible set, then we will say the feasible set is totally closed. Because the available points on the boundaries, they are very much important for our decision making because they make possible the process of optimization and it may make possible when the constraints they are very tight and when the constraints are very limited particularly. And even if we consider even in future we will study the corner solution, then we consider this that even sometimes the consumption decision or the optimization even it is possible a very corner type of the point. Now, coming to the convexity, so when we say convexity, it means any set of the point it will be convex. When the pair of the points available on that plane or that curve or that line that can be joined from one line to the other and it joins in that manner that all the other points available in that set they comes within that set. So, means when any point it will not be excludable, so it means that set will be convex. And when all the points they will be covered within those points that we have joined on that plane, that set will be called convex and that is the main property of a feasible set. So, considering the various effects of the changes in M means money income and the prices on the feasible set because the feasible set is available related to opportunities and any consumer when it has various opportunities in hand it is related to the money that is within the pocket of a consumer and the other limiting factor that is the prices of the commodity. So, when the price will change, consumer will respond through the change in the quantity or due to the change in the consumption bundle. So, various combinations that a consumer will make in response to change in income or in response to change in prices these are combinations of the goods or the bundle they will be the available opportunities to the consumer. So, if income will increase or decrease or if price will increase or decrease consumer feasible set may change either it will expand or either it will reduce. In the slide we can view there are the three cases pertaining to the feasible set. In the case A we can see that there are the two prices and there is the income M and we can say that the price P1 remains the same of the commodity at x axis price P2 remains same in the both lines at the y axis but the only change that is evident that is M naught that is the original income and that has shift to M1 and when the income increases from M naught to M1 so that is the case of increase in income. We see that the feasible set it moves to the right and it is the case of expansion in the feasible set likewise there is an other feasible set option when income remains the same but now the price has changed and in this case the price of the commodity at x axis and that is x1 that changes and that changes in the form that it shifts our cut point or the axis from here to inside it means when our numerator that is M naught it remains the same but our denominator has changed from P1 to P1 prime it means the commodity price has increased so this increase in the price of x1 shifts the feasible set from here to inside but the price of commodity at y axis means x2 price remains same now there is another case when the price of the commodity x1 and the price of the commodity x2 both changes and they change in the manner that now the total feasible set it shifts from this point to inside when we compare this case T with the case B we can see that it is the case of gift of budget constraint or our constraint set or the feasible set and this is not the case of shifting rather it is the case in which only one point has moved so it will not be the case of total shifting likewise this there can be an other case when the price of the both commodities it decreases so if it will be the case we can draw here that if the price it will decrease in the both case and it can move towards right side so it will be the case of expansion of the feasible set and there can be another case when the increase in the prices of the commodity that is in one direction means either it is decreasing but not decreasing with the same context or the same magnitude so then we can say have this feasible set and now the price of the two has decreased but with different percentage so we can have like this or at the same time we can have like this when y will be shifting more and x will be shifting less so these can be a various set of the opportunities that we can draw keeping in view the information provided to us Thanks


Welcome everybody to Voices of Vermont. It's a new project, a journalistic project that is being carried by a news co-operative, you know, a news co-op that from now on will review what makes the news in our city, Burlington, but also across the state of Vermont and the nation. Today, we have on the set- And the world. And the world, yeah, of course. We have with us members of this co-op, Steve Goodkind, Cindy Baird, and a special guest today, Ali Jang, who is a city councilor who is here. And then we'll start right away with Ali and then because we're going to talk about the new BTV neighborhood code, which has been approved recently anonymously by the city council and which aimed to improve the lodging and situation in Vermont. So to start with it, how, what is it exactly, Ali? Yeah, yeah. Thank you for having me. And neighborhood code is something that people have been waiting for a very, very long time. And it is simply about changing the zoning in the neighborhoods around the city in order to allow people to be able to build more. So we did it in three different phases, right? The phase one is about, if you have a high density, if you're allowed to have a high density, you are allowed to have 45% of your lot can be transported into housing, right? And those housing can go from four to six units. If you are medium, it would be about 32% of your lot can be transformed into housing. And if you are low density, it would be around 23%. So now it is just allowing people to be able to change to go higher and also to utilize their lots in order to build more housing. So I think in a nutshell, that's what neighborhood is about. Do they change any of the density areas or just what's allowed within the current densities? Yeah, so thank you, that's a good question. So all the densities have changed, but I think in one point where it is in ward six, that's only part where we have low density, in order for it to go up, right? But I think as part of that, the rest of the city, everywhere, especially the old North end, it will be all medium to high, but also major arteries in the city, such as North Avenue, Eton Island Parkway, not Eton Island Parkway, but Colchester Avenue, all those would be like high density in order for those buildings to go higher and up, right? So I think the city council is also for the sake of, let's say, equity. They brought a lot of amendments. Some of them were to carve out some neighborhoods in order for them to not be in the medium density, such as Mansfield Avenue, you know, on ward one and ward eight, and also other people tried extensively in order for the zoning to be applied to everywhere in part of the city, such as in the ward six, ward five, New North, and to ensure some level of equity. But some of those amendments passed, but some of them did not pass. But at the end of the day, the Burlington City Council voted anonymously to move it forward. And I think we need to give the mayor a little bit of credit because he did propose this as part of his 21th plan in order to build a more housing in the city of Burlington. And he has done it while he was stepping out to not become the mayor anymore. So you said there was some exemption or not for ward one and eight? No, no. Yeah, basically, yes, there is at least one neighborhood, one specific neighborhood, very close to UVM. Right. To UVM MC, that was carved out to become only, let's say, low density, right? Because they were scared. One, their lot wasn't big. And two, since it's very close to the UVM MC, then the developers will come by those four millions of dollars in order to build it in high density. So now the feel of a neighborhood would then disappear, right? And I think the people, the residents who were in that area were really scared. And I think the city council, I think on a vote of seven to five, it passed. It passed. So I was excluded in the final. Exactly. Because my neighborhood was included? No, it was not, your neighborhood was included, but there was just one specific street, right? Ah. East Avenue, I believe. Yeah. Yeah, East Avenue, that area to stay in low density. You still can build, but you cannot build very, very, very high up. So I can put an extension on my house now? Of course. And also you'll be able to rent it. And I think if you marriage that with what the intensive that the state of Vermont has, I think everyone, it will be a win-win situation. You can stay in your house, retire in your house, provide housing and in order to leverage also funding from the state of Vermont to be able to do so. They have a very good program that will allow you to take up to $50,000, right? To remodel or add a unit in your house and but you will only be able to rent that house for $1,000 for a certain amount of time. So I think it's a win-win situation and Burlington made it now happen for the city of Burlington. Okay. We hope to be joined by a guest from Ivory Coast, all cities around the world, you know, facing this problem. Abidjan, where I grew up also is going towards like vertically, you know, growing. Is Burlington really ready to do that? I was talking to Steve Goodkine last time.  Surcapacity, yeah. Yep, yep, yep, underwater, you know, the infrastructure, the underwater, you know, all of it. But I think, you know, we have to think about this in a very incremental way. This is the zoning change that just happened. But I think anyone who would like to build, you have to go through the process. You have to go to DRB, right? You have to be approved by the city council. Everyone? You cannot just come and build. I think there are permits. Yes, yeah, you get all the city permits. And if, you know, you also pay into the inclusionary zoning, I think there are a lot of other steps, right? In order for someone to transform a lot into more housing. Yeah. I'm not sure what people are, much they're aware of it, but our sewer capacity is not, we don't have much reserve. I'm surprised even that the project proposed for down in the south end that we have the capacity for that. Former product works director, I know we are always sort of on the edge. We've got to make a major investment in wastewater for this to be accommodated. Yes, yes. And I think for major development, you are completely right. There are some concerns and I think, how do we tie it into our efforts of just being climate, you know, resilience as well? Right, because it is, we don't want also the help of our lake to be undermined by the zoning, right? But eventually, if we don't do it right, that may happen. But I am confident that the city of Burlington will look this into very close proximity in order for us to do it right. But now we just allow the zoning change and then let's see what's next. Did they talk at all about the tax implications if someone now is on a property, let's say it was a low density and now it's a medium density. That property is now worth more. Will people be taxed based on that worth, even if they don't develop? Or will that just be help?  We reassess, re-appraisal. Since we did the re-appraisal, every lot will not change, things will change. Things will not change. But now, if you apply for a permit and receive a permit and build, I think it's just exactly where you are. People won't be charged or won't be appraised based on the potential use of their property. It'll be the actual use, you think? I think, I think it's just that if, when an appraisal is taking place, whatever, they will not base it on the application you have moving forward, right?  It will be just based on the status of that lot and that's when they will appraise that value and then in order to taxi you appropriately, right? I think it's the case. But eventually, if you build, if you increase your density, therefore, you will have... Then, of course, you won't have taxis, yeah. I think we went through the subject very well. It's the story, you know, that is continuing, anyway. We'll see how it ends up. But we have to remember that it was passed, this initiative serves as a response to a problem and what was the real problem? What was the problem? Yeah, the lack of housing, right? I think it's one. But I think also one element about this is we will be changing our administration very soon and the current... Monday. Monday, yep. And also the former, sent a letter to the Full City Council asking people to vote on it. She will inherit it. She will be inheriting this and in order to move it forward. But I think also her partner is the one who is managing the water division of the City of Berlin. So I think there has been some substantial amount of research and this is a good thing and we will continue to do it. And I urge you to maybe, you know, identify one hour in the future and just talk about this because it's a lot. There's a lot of ins and outs. Yeah, yeah, we're planning to do that but we wanted to, you know, at least to bring to our audience, you know, what made news this week in the Queen City. Another news that concerns you, Ali, the fact that, you know, the City Council also the same way everybody together, you know, accepted that sister city project with TS in Senegal. Could you talk about this project? Absolutely. I think there were actually two different sister cities that were approved. One was in one city in Ukraine that I cannot say the name is very, and also the Chess East. And as you know, you all were aware that since last year I have been trying to build the bridge between the two communities and visited Senegal last year and all paid for by the City of Burlington in order to go to Chess East and talk about the opportunity, the potential of building the sister city between the two municipalities. And some of you may know also, that's exactly where I grew up in Chess. I went to the same school, middle school, with the current mayor. We did not know until we were talking about the possibility of building this and he was like, I think we did middle school together. I'm like, oh, I didn't remember. He's like, yes, you were in A and I was in B. Okay, then I think couple friends connected and I have to say, yes, you were all at the same time. You know, and I think also one thing to highlight about why this is so important is the city of Burlington has never had any sister city with any other countries in Africa. This is the first time that it is happening and it is with Chess East. Another element is also the Vermont National Guard has established a military partnership with the state of Senegal since 2008, a strong partnership. The guards here know it very well. The presidents, the past two presidents of the Senegalese country were here in 2008 and also in 2014, both Abdulai Wad and Makisal were here.  In August a couple people were here. And I think this is very good. Now the sister city is based on four different areas. One of them is about culture, exchange, cultural exchange. Two is about education, right? Three is about health, right? And then four is about the environment. I think Burlington is leading, let's say, the country around climate change mitigation. And I think there are opportunities for them to support the municipality of Chess in order to be climate resilient and also to bring our people together. Because we just need peace and love and prosperity and I'm glad that all of your support that we were able to make this happen but the city council voted anonymously to support it. Could I say, maybe ask you a question also. I see, I was a founding member of our sister city in Palestine and Israel in 1991. So I believe there's always been the theory that this is a way sister cities to actually be at peace with their neighbors. And that was also a face-to-face contact with the citizens of another country which I think that at least that's what the theory of sister cities are based on. And there are those of us in Burlington who had argued that Burlington has no business getting involved in international affairs. I've always argued that it is the best way to get involved in international affairs because at bottom, if we're always at war that meet with other countries that really does mean a big military budget which if you have a big military budget you don't have money for local projects. And so I've always argued that peace and war and friendship and cultural exchange are crucial to building a city and to building really a peaceful and more beautiful world. So I congratulate you Ali on doing this especially since it's the first sister city in Africa. We do have sister cities in the Middle East. We have sister cities in Europe. I think we used to have one in Canada, didn't we? Yeah, still were probably still there. No, there's a project that's developing to have a sister city in San Jean, Quebec. I know, San Jean de Richelieu in Quebec which I'm sort of a part of and we had one in Moss Point, Mississippi, didn't we? What happened to that one? But anyway, I would love to have a sister city I would like to have a sister city in Winooski, too. But anyway. Sister cities are a way to improve our relationship with the rest of the world. Exactly. But some sister cities are kind of bringing trouble. Like what? I mean, we have a sister city in Bethlehem. In Arat. In Arat. That's why the one that I helped to find, yeah. So how can a sister city not enjoy our support for example, a ceasefire? Or I mean, the sister city that is in the region that is at war? Can I say something that I really believe? I think the biggest, without due respect to everybody here, the biggest, one of the biggest mistakes that the Democrats made in this last election was not signing on to a ceasefire, particularly since the ceasefire between Israel and really the Palestinian people was so important for our sister city in Palestine. I think that the Democrats were kind of tuned up about that. We have relations with one of the cities that is being oppressed and has been by the state of Israel since 1948. And we didn't really stick up for both our sister cities, Arat and Israel, and our sister city in Palestine to help make peace. That's what I thought it should do. And one of the first components of that would be to recognize that we should have a ceasefire in that war. Other cities are passing it. Like in Rochester. Did you see that? Rochester, New York just passed a ceasefire resolution. Multiple municipalities. You were a sponsor of that too, weren't you, and good for you? Yeah, twice. And it was a shame, because I think the tide turned at that point in the election. And congratulations to Emma Mulvaney-Stanik for winning that election, because she signed on to a ceasefire resolution in the legislature, right? It was more of a letter going to the White House, and she signed it. She signed it. See if you can do it. No, I just want to make sure. Are we on? We're not showing up on that screen. Just to make sure that you're on it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So, you're going to get into this now, right? So you're going to get ready, we're going to go. Okay, okay, alright. Before, it was a little bust, wow. Wow, that's good. No, no, no, not the bust. It's like, wow, that's good. That's good. I do have one question. I never thought of it just now, but where are sister cities with, is it Arad? Yes, in Israel. Are they sister cities too? Well, they're supposed to be. But where are they supposed to be, part of the deal? I'm just coming on why we did that. Yeah, I didn't know if we were or not. No, okay, so at the time, there were many of us citizens who were always involved in this issue between Israel and Palestine. I was one of them. The initial proposal was that we only have a sister city in Bethlehem, Palestine. However, many people opposed that because they said, no, we should be even handed and so forth, and I kind of agreed with that. So there was a proposal made on city council to have a tripartite arrangement. And so we did select a sister city in Arad. And that's fine. That was good. However, since the inception, Israel and Palestine have been at war with each other. So Arad has sort of just dropped out of the picture. I would like to resume that relationship. Sure. Arad and Bethlehem weren't part, weren't sister cities? Yeah, they were trying to communicate. And then it just got a fell apart. Over the course of the years, which, oh, but remember the meeting that I was at with you? And there was some suggestion from the, I would say the community that objected to the ceasefire that we resumed that. That's a great idea. Don't you think? I think it's a good idea. And I think also, CCTV did host the sister city coordinator between Arad and Bethlehem right here. Yes, many years ago. He did a show like a couple of weeks ago, like right here. What's his name? In Essex. No son is there. No son is there. Yeah, no. No, it has been, but we all wanted always to revive it. Because there's nothing like speaking together. I'm with you. Yeah, Burlington is becoming like a voice. A reason. For the international world. And then I see that trend across the nation. Cities are, you know, asserting the. You know what? Because governments, national governments are only making wars. Cities should make peace. Right from Burlington, we travel now to Senegal. Correct.  Senegal has a new president. We'll discover this new president to this video before we come back here on the set and to discuss with our friend also who's joining us from the Ivory Coast, Dr. Sosten Dugroo, who's, you know, political analyst. And he said he's a humanitarian diplomat. So let's go to Senegal. Here's the video. Basiro-DMI Fai turned 44 on Monday. And for his birthday this year, news that he'd been elected Senegal's next president. Fai made his first public appearance on Monday evening after the ruling coalition's candidate, Amadou Bar, conceded defeat. The Senegalese people have chosen to break with the past, to give substance to the immense hopes raised by our vision of society. I hope that our vision of society has given substance to their aspirations. I pledge to govern with humility. I pledge to govern with humility and transparency and to fight corruption at all levels. At the blaze, at the blaze. Fai thanked President Makisal and other candidates for respecting Senegal's democratic tradition by recognising his victory well before official results. Provisional results had shown the opposition leader on 53.7% of the vote from Sunday's election, compared to Bar's 36.2%. Saal and Bar hailed the outcome as a win for Senegal. The country has witnessed three years of unprecedented political turbulence, marked by violent anti-government protests. Further unrest was triggered when Saal attempted to postpone the election by 10 months. We intend to turn this page to reconcile hearts, to reconcile the Senegalese people. Fai was backed by popular opposition leader Uzman Sonko. He had been barred from running in the election due to a defamation conviction he says was politically motivated, which the authorities denied. Fai and Sonko, who were recently released from prison under a pre-election amnesty law, are particularly popular among the youth, disaffected by economic hardships and unemployment. Fai promised to dedicate more state resources to help the younger population. His campaign has also vowed an economic shake-up, including a new currency and the renegotiation of energy and mining contracts. Investors have been wary about whether a new government would be less business-friendly than Saal's administration. But on Monday, Fai promised that Senegal would remain a friendly country and a reliable ally, to any partner who engages with us in virtuous, respectful and mutually productive cooperation. in Senegal, by not mayor, no state legislator, he was just a tax inspector in Senegal, and a smart guy who did very well in school, and he earns a master degree in law, and then he did the administration school in Senegal, and then he was hired as a tax inspector in Senegal. He's frightening. We welcome now Susten Dugu, Susten, you joining us from Abidjan. Dr. Susten Dugu, what are your comments, you know, from this unprecedented election in Senegal? Yes, can you hear me? Yes, we can hear you. First thing though. Okay, thank you very much, and good evening from Abidjan. And before sharing my comments, I want to recall one or three points regarding Senegal in West Africa. As you may know, Senegal stands as a very important country in the political and historical landscape in West Africa, because during the time of slavery trade, Senegal and the Highland of Gore is well known as the place where the slaves were gathered before departing to the US. So Senegal is a place that is well known. And secondly, Senegal was also during the colonial empire and the France, Senegal was in Dakar particularly, was the capital city of the Francophone West African countries, Everintogo, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Bukinafaso. And thirdly, during the Second World War, Senegal was also a place where many African soldiers were gathered and departed to France and to Europe to fight against the Nazism. So talking about Senegal is a little bit very exciting. And what is happening today, as the president himself said, is marking a breakup. A breakup regarding the generation that is now getting on power. The president, someone we call it recently is very young, is only 44 years, 44 years. So from the past governing class, Makisar Abdul-Juf and talking about Maitre Abulaiwad and also the first president, now we are clearly seeing that there's a breakup of generation and something new is happening in Senegal. And secondly, the very tight link between Senegal and France is now posing some question regarding the future of those relationships. Because for a long time, commencing by the founder of Senegal, President Leopold Cédar-Senghor, he was very close to France. He was married to a French citizen and member of a French academia and also his successor, President Abdul-Juf. After his time on office has been appointed and is currently working as the Secretary General of the International Organization of Francophonia. And the one who is now going to leave the office, Makisar. Makisar has also been appointed last year as a Special Envoy of an initiative held by France. So having good... It's not only a change of generation, like clearly the system is changing. It seems that we're breaking away from a past colonial second empire, I should say. Yeah, definitely. As I said during the colonial time, Dakar was the epicenter of the power of France in West Africa, in Francophone West Africa, particularly. And today, we are seeing that there's a kind of trend... Now turning the page from France to a new era, because the new elected president himself said that we are breaking up. We are on a break-up period. And commencing now, the upcoming days, we are going to see new change into the relation diplomatic, the external policy of France, of Senegal, sorry, against France, the policy of Senegal against Côte d'Ivoire and other leading countries into the West African region. I think something very important is happening, and we have to be careful to listen and to look. So what you're saying, I think, and Ali, I ask you also, is there seems to be throughout West Africa a move again of decolonialization, really against France? Is that what's happening in a way? Yeah, against France, but also Ali. Against the US, too.  Yeah, exactly.  Yes, no, I'm talking about the past, the past history that we are sharing with France. And this history, well, now, this history has been questioning by the new generation. Are we going to continue having the same relation with France as our father had, or are we going to change? Because this generation is calling itself game changers. So we are going to see on the political arena, the way the game is going to change. We have seen some brutal change in Brazil, in Burkina Faso, in Asia, and other countries in Guinea that are marking the break, but these have been installed by some people. I'm not talking about this. I'm talking about the changing of generation through electoral process. That's true in Senegal. Yeah, in Senegal. And Senegal is now giving a very good example of how to transition from this former established relationship with France. And in this relationship was analysed like very heavy. It was very heavy on our political environment, very heavy on our economy, programming, heavy on everything. So now, as I said, is a new era that is happening, not only for Senegal, but also from West African, from African countries. Like Niger. But in Senegal, the power over there was opposed to this change. We saw the former, I mean the Makisal sending his opponents to jail. Is France going to accept that change? Which is clearly is a threat to the way they make money in Africa. No, I'm not sure. I'm not sure because as you know, Dhaka is also the headquarter of our central bank of West African countries. So the influence that trust had on our money, on our currency in West Africa is going to play a good role in the future of this relationship. But I'm not sure that this victory and this change would be easily accepted by France. I'm not sure. So we're in the city and we have to be very careful and cautious about the future of this new president. I was just going to ask you what do you think? I mean, I think, yes, there is a change of perception about Africa, West Africa currently. I think there is also new generation stepping up and in some cases it's by force.  They took it by coup. Now in Senegal it's just demonstrating that we still can have a peaceful transition through just a ballot box. And I think that's what will happen. But Ali, if the president, Maki Sal, was insisting in not letting the democratic process go through, I mean, and I think also that's it speaks again volume to the health of the democracy of Senegal because the institutions there are really secure and they are very strong. Maki Sal tried repeatedly to push the elections until December 15 and then to push it again until June but the constitutional did say completely no, these elections will take place and they did it very quickly. Jomai Fay, the current president himself and also his good friend Usman Sonko were both in prison. They were released 10 days just before the election and they were released through an amnesty that Maki Sal have signed. Now, why Amadouba did not win? There are speculation because Maki Sal did not support him and Amadouba was also the prime minister of Senegal, right? I think also through the relationship with the friends we have to be also very careful because I think from the perception of the France, say for the monetary that we use, it has a strong tie with France, with also other countries such as the Africa. Let me just before Ali continues 14 or 15 countries in Africa share the same currency that is brought by France to them. So they cannot do anything else but you know... Exactly. Is it the French franc? It is an element. Yes, it is your own franc. But you know that is tailored to just Africa. It was called the franc of the colony of Africa back in the days and then because the name was not sexy they changed it CFA, just CFA but France keeps half at least of the reserve a currency like if for example Senegal gets a deal with the US like $1,000 the dollars like half of it goes to France and it's told they make babies and France with this money can loan money to Senegal or to their own money and then this currency they cannot do anything with this currency but you know use it in Africa. So the new generation the new president of Senegal is promising maybe to revisit this you know Bitcoin. That's my point. Do you think then that France is going to be so nice about this? I mean I think they don't have a choice. I think they are now called to the negotiation table and it's not only about the currency. It's also about a lot of contracts about mining the exploration of gas petrol in Senegal that need to be revisited and I think that's what this new generation of leaders are talking but from my perspective it would be imperative also let's make the distinction between winning an election and also you know governing you know and I think he's new there are a lot of speculation out there I think we need to give him a benefit for a doubt for him to compose his strong government and then for him to advance what they call the project and then we will see from there but for now I think from as much as I'm interested I think the United States need to have a strong presence in West Africa and I think we need to identify what are the ways I'll rebound on that but Steve I don't know that much about Senegal I know where it is but a lot of the countries that come from colonial times the boundaries of those countries are often set culturally ethnically people are divided up and many of these countries end up being unstable because they're not they're not in balance is Senegal more of a stable country or does it have its own insurgency you'll have to deal with yeah we are talking about the political stability of Senegal yeah just wondering if they have a stable country or they have insurgencies that are somewhat related to the fact that the boundaries were drawn in a crazy way 50 years ago or 100 years ago by France I think Senegal is a case to study from my perspective if you see a country that access it to the independence in the year 60s Senegal was the first country where a life resigned and appointed is another one as a new president so the first transition in Senegal was a very good transition it was made peacefully without a no-gun without nothing in the country so this was a very good example except the other country like Bukinaw Faso the first school was in 1966 in Benin in 1967 in all of the countries in West Africa there were two before the year 70s and Senegal is an exception and as you see all the transition in Senegal has been made peacefully except this one I can say because Makisal tried several times to postpone the election to make a constitutional coup for me it is a very good example for us to copy I mean to spread out across West Africa and come to the way the transition has been conducted in Senegal so bringing the story of Senegal to the US you said the US has to have a good presence in West Africa but also a new way of doing business in West Africa not just being a superpower would get there to give lessons right? All I was going to say is that the United States however does not have a great history in West Africa or in Africa period because it has Africa it has military bases all over Africa that's how the United States has also related to Africa is militarily because it sees itself I think in competition with the Russians and the Chinese and I think that Senegal with all due respect I know Ali will will think about that past and wonder whether the United States is going to use this as a way to militarize Senegal as well I think United States and Senegal already have a military partnership through training and medical intervention etc but I think the geopolitical aspects of what's going on in West Africa need to be highlighted which is there is a strong presence of the Chinese now in Senegal over 32% of the goods that are being imported are now coming from China we see the Russian are also currently in Burkina Faso they are also in Mali so the United States has to step up for his game in order to make sure that Senegal is a stable country because that's the only country right now with all the surrounding other countries like Germany, Gambia they all had somewhat an element of coup data in the past couple of years 89 and recently in the 2000s but I think Senegal is still showing the way to be a very democratic country based on the constitution and the rule of law and I think from my perspective the United States love that and the United States need to support Senegal to deepen its tie also in the region but you cannot support Senegal to do that and let the other countries face big corporations that are there to wipe the resources France that is having military base across the region I think this story has to be followed quickly ladies and gentlemen this week we had something that made news which is and then perceived as a drift from the original dogma which is following Israel at any cost the US didn't object to a resolution at the UN in favor of ceasefire is it just a little drama between two allies or it will have consequences on the ground I think we almost are out of time I think it's a continuing story first of all I think that the United States did something that the Biden administration has to do if it's going to win and that is to propose a ceasefire will the United States do that really in the end does it support a ceasefire this is what it doesn't do it does not enforce any kind of stop to sending arms and money to a state of Israel that's the crucial thing will it do that I guess no Steve Goodkind so it might be just how do you say it a storm it probably has some important two sides I don't think either one of them is going to abide by the ceasefire neither one wants to that's the problem this is like one does and one doesn't have a deep disagreement this is my disagreement with him is that the Palestinian people are being massacred that's what has to stop and that has to stop immediately there are no two sides to that it has to stop will the United States make it stop I would guess not because it will continue to weaponize Israel it's up to us Americans to say weapon exchange or not exchange has to stop but the U.S. still saying that we need to uproot Hamas I'm telling you what I believe that massacre has to stop you're asking a different question will it will the United States make Israel stop will the United States stop sending weapons to Israel my guess is no however it's a continuing story Dougro we finish with you and then we'll close that wonderful discussion yeah from Africa we are opposing this decision of the United States with two ends and from my from my diplomatic background I know that the UN revolution are not binding and the United States is the only country that can stop Israel if nothing is done the United Nations they have no military means they have no political means to stop Israel only the United States can do that so they have to do that that's my opinion alright folks should we close by this thank you Ali thank you Sandy, thank you Steve thank you Eric, thank you that was the first of the voices of Vermont we hope to continue to bring issues and see much disagreements on the set thank you to all of you thank you


Every day vast amounts of open data are being used to change the way we live our lives. This data has the power to improve education, enable us to be healthier, to be more productive, the power to build better cities and a better world. From San Francisco Bay to the beaches of Barcelona, the CityMapper app uses open transport data to make people's daily travel easier, ease in congestion and improving mobility. And it means that Maria can get home quickly from work and still have time to meet her friends. In Singapore, Andy can track cases of dengue fever throughout the city and with the help of the community take steps to contain the disease. This helps keep his family safe and also enables a more efficient health service, meaning doctors and nurses have more time to treat emergencies. By using open data, the government Bikina Faso can compare and evaluate local schools looking at performance and amenities. This helps the government devote resources to the schools that need them most.  By using open data, the structural integrity of the schools and health centres are being recorded. So city planners like Bishal can save lives by repairing high-risk buildings before future disasters strike. In Qingdao, the new WoW portal allows collaboration between citizens and government departments. So Kang can not only find any city information instantly, he can help city planners create better services and a better quality of life for all. Open data is data that is made available by organisations, businesses and individuals for anyone to access, use and share. It has the power to transform and create a better future for everyone.


How's everybody doing welcome back to my channel this week? I got my client for the next two days and we're gonna be doing an outer sleeve on the top area We're gonna be doing a gorilla and on the bottom portion is gonna be a lion I'm excited for this project There's gonna be a lot of contrast a lot of detail and a lot of fur and a lot of texture But first thing is first let's answer a few emails and books are new clients and let's get this video started. Let's go Okay, I'm ready Let me introduce this place first. So this is this right here is Queens studio where she does all kinds of classes Zumba boxing bootcamp and This is this is for her business here. So if anybody's from AZ come through Bring your kids Don't bring That's how you get them Ladies leave the kids at home and come dance Now I did save a couple of people that I was looking at to see if you would be interested in them Okay, so one he is wanting a full-back cover-up you up for the challenge Well, this is his back He's got the line in the moon in there. It's just not how he envisioned it Doesn't look scarred First of all, I want to say your work is spectacular. No amazing question mark Also, my brother wants to get a cover-up as well and his tattoo is super faded So maybe you could do both they you try to put it put his brother in there Hey Anyways, I have a back tattoo that I had one covered up I live in New York City and in the military. It seems like he's open sounds like he's pretty much open to suggestions I'll do it. I'll do it. Yeah Okay, another one. Okay, I'm interested in getting a medium-sized back piece done to cover up my existing tattoo Gotta lower back tattoo. I'm gonna say I'm gonna say no.  I don't feel like it's my style We try to reply to everybody But yesterday we last checked and we have a total of like a thousand a hundred and seventy four Kevin Is extremely blessed because I remember when he first started doing emails. He was just like nobody's gonna email me We should just keep doing the abs and now he's completely blessed that he has 1174 people Wanting to get tattooed by him. I think that's amazing But be patient, you know, I feel very grateful For so many of you that want to get tattooed by me So I want you guys to understand that not because you send an email Doesn't mean that you're gonna get booked, you know, it just means that I'm gonna consider it and make sure that whatever you Send or your idea that you email does I'm gonna be excited for because I want to make sure that I'm excited But if I book you I'm gonna give you a hundred and ten percent They just make sure that you have all the information in your email and A lot of the times if you don't tell us what you want your email will just kind of get overlooked Just as much as information as you guys could give us is gonna help us Get you in and see if your piece of something that is That is of interest to mr. Reyes Call me babe We're on the clock Another one. Hello the subject this professional gamer with the horrible half-sleeve in need of a miracle Currently I travel the world to play video games He's living your dream What for a long time Kevin was considering becoming a professional gamer Not a gamer like I only play rock-a-league. That's it I Currently I travel the world to play video games and it's pretty cool except for one problem this tattoo on my right arm as For the design of the tattoo. I think giving you full freedom to make something We will both be extremely happy with is it is the play? Oh?  Yeah? Yeah, hi I would like to make an appointment with you. Good morning. Very interested in setting up an appointment My name is Juan and I'm interested in setting an appointment up with you to cover up my tribal tattoo Which will be attached down below. It's really dark It's really right. I was are always tricky. It's really dark Some of the skin is like lifted close your eyes Okay, go. Oh As much as I want to I Can't take it too too dark Hello, my name is Kelsey and I've seen all your amazing cover-ups on tiktok and Instagram and I love your work I'm looking to get my moon tattoo on my upper arm covered up I'm thinking a goddess design and for it to be half a slave. It's not a bad tattoo either You know my goddess can be like really soft. Well, I mean it's like right at the top of her thing So maybe that could be like the crown or something and in that and the bottom to I'll take it Haven't done a goddess. Yeah, you have which one like two nights ago two nights ago I Was intense. All right, I want to snack. Okay All right, ready you follow my lead, okay, but I don't want you slacking. All right, okay I don't want to make you look bad or anything. All right start off with a little You got a Yeah, I did you see the slippers and everything but I'm ready for a long day You should have just run a blanket How long has it been the last time you got tattooed five years So What's the last session a big project or? Session I got it, you know Medium-sized piece of my arm.  This is my biggest piece for sure That's crazy That's hard. Yeah, she's perfect placement. Oh, thank you about the placement. I'm gonna show you like what you see.  Yeah, let's get it. Let's get it. Let's go bro. Let's get it. Let's go Now I'm in the forehead I'm on the forehead of the girl and I started doing this technique that I don't think I've talked about before in none of my videos so It's a good spot to Kind of take you guys through my thought process and how I'm doing this area and how I would execute this little fur on the foreheader so It is a little tricky on how to Do the hand movement or the way I do my hand movement and I slowly Practice this for a couple months until I got I got it It is one of those techniques that I'm pretty sure you don't see on a daily basis and Yeah I'm about to show you guys how the way I do it so I'm using a 27 curved Mac with a voltage over 5.0 and what I'm gonna be doing is Doing this motion going up and down and At the same time, I'm gonna be rotating my Mac like this it is a crazy technique trust me and Make sure that is the highlights are where they're supposed to be the dark tones are where they're supposed to be So you got a multi-task. I really really like this technique because I'm able to Move a little bit faster Without thinking about it too much See that there you go. That's how we're doing. I'm gonna keep doing the same thing throughout the whole entire forehead and Yeah, that's pretty much it I Would encourage you guys to Give it a try. It's gonna be a little bit challenging at first because you got to Move your hand up and down and rotate your your fingers at the same time So it is a little bit challenging to get the hang of it at first, but once you get it, that's it But your body's already exhausted. Oh man, long day for sure. I'm day worth it But long Pretty much the end of day one. Yes, sir How did it feel after five years of not getting tattooed man The breath and fresh air for sure Like definitely a little different. Yeah, that was different. What's it what you were expecting? Man, it was smooth actually.  So every time I look I feel like we knocked out a huge chunk Would you nervous? Are you not you weren't gonna tap out? Um, I just never had a big piece so I was just kind of like I will see how this goes I'm definitely can't I told myself you definitely can't tap out man. You signed up for this Where was the most painful part of The time ah man, I think the back of the thigh a little bit And then like kind of that top that top like around the hip area. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, I Think the back is sensitive for sure Uh-huh. The back was a little tough. There's a little raw back there. Ah, damn. All right, check it out a lot of mirror Day one day one Completed Oh man, whoo, it's hard, bro Oh That's crazy, bro, that's crazy That's huge. That's hard. I appreciate that Oh, yeah, that's aggressive She Look baby Thank you. That's my girl jazzy and my son ferro.  Say hi, bubba. Hi He just woke up. Oh, he's like, boy. Who is this? Hi one day knock that out. That's crazy, huh? Tomorrow's gonna be the lion. Yeah, put the thing set it up the bottom piece. Oh Oh, yeah, you saw how I try to try to show that didn't work That didn't work. I'm not flexible as it is Oh, yeah, I appreciate that, bro. Oh, yeah, it was my pleasure. Oh my god How'd you sleep? I slept pretty good, bro. Yeah. I was trying to stay off of it. I was on one side on that I was sleeping on this side, but Did the sheets got stuck to your leg? Yeah Oh, man, they're white. No, I got black sheets. I got black sheets I know better than that. Oh man. Yeah, I'm excited to finish it today. That's It's gonna complete the whole thing. It's so man, you you made you made the tattoo look hella sick on instagram Bro, I got yeah, I got a lot. I got a lot of feedback, bro I was like, ah, I don't even know if he wants me sending all these people because you So booked already, but yeah, I was I was watching the story and I'm like, oh One time I remember that when I first, you know, I probably had like two years tattooing Yeah So my my work wasn't as good obviously, but I I know the kind of quality I had, you know, I mean, of course, so One of my clients he got a Arizona Across his neck at that time. I was still doing lettering, you know, I was taking whatever was coming my way So I was like, I'll take this Arizona lettering. I was like, I do a little bit of script Say I was like, all right.  And then bleeding, bro And then this one has the audacity to tag me on the cap Follow my boy for some sick work I'm like, no, I don't mean that kind of picture, bro.  All right, cool You see Sheesh Oh, yeah, that's a spot Yes, bro After getting two days Back to back outer sleeve How does that feel like? Accomplished for sure, man. It's definitely been a journey. It's definitely been a journey crazy 48 hours, but Smooth process and I'm glad we we're wrapping it up. It looks super dope.  Exactly.  It can be intimidating. It can't for anybody. You know, even for me I had to kind of psych myself out a little bit The bottom, you know that uh, the shin was a little tough. Oh the shin, huh? Yeah, just like because there's a I don't know if it was vibrating on the bone or what, but It's always cringy too because when I hit the bone, it's kind of like a Like, oh my god, I don't know if it hurt or what it was, but it's a weird feeling. I used to so Oh, yeah, that was different. So we went at it for the first piece So the top area it was probably like what seven hours. Yeah easy and then the bottom here six Around six hours pretty good time pretty good time That's 13 hours 13 hours later, I'll have you turn a little bit to your side You're like That thing don't even got feeling no more It's like, yeah, I didn't feel nothing Your back's gonna be more sore than your side Exactly