Good morning. This is Senate Judiciary. This is Friday, April 30th, 2021. And I will announce publicly that this is the last formal meeting of the committee, although we may meet Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Fridays from 8.30 to 10, depending upon the workload. And I expect that we'll be meeting next Thursday and Friday to go over house changes to S3 and perhaps S7. And that S3 is the competency bill and S7 is the expungement. Those are rather extensive changes. And then I just heard yesterday that House voted on S99 the bill that would allow civil suits where there's been child physical abuse to eliminate the statute of limitations. And they voted it out without, or they voted, the House voted to support it without any amendments. That's good news, I think, for the victims, particularly at St. Joseph's or at school. That's my update. Is there a motion to report favorably on the nomination of Don Ellis as a member of the human rights. Senator Baruch has moved that we were favorably on Ellis. Is there any discussion? I think she would agree. Only to say, as a past member of the Human Rights Commission, I envy you because that was one of my favorite places to be where you could sit all your time outside the front door when you went in and engage in conversations that were incredibly deep and wonderful to be able to beat around the table without feeling like the press was looking down your neck at the same time. Have fun with it and my best and hope you keep the tradition going. Thank you. You're doing a nice job, Dawn. Thank you. We do have to formally vote, although three members of four members of our signal. I'm going to call my cards close to my desk. It's on mass for a vote. Peggy, could you please call? Do we need something or not? No. Senator Benning. Yes. Senator White. Yes. Senator Baruch. Yes. Senator Sears. Oh, yes. Thank you. Thank you, Don. I'm honored. Thank you. It's important time for the work that we all do. And it certainly is. I think it was just a settlement and the chai of war occasion and raised a lot of settlement came through the human rights. Yes, that's part of them. Spent some time with them a few years back, making sure that we understood the principles of restorative justice and looking at some of the world examples of that to see if there's things that we could bring into our work. One thing we brought in is really a tremendous push on the conciliation piece. Can we find a pathway forward that works for the various parties when there's harm or when harm hasn't been found? And so making sure that we have that in our toolkit and we use it and seriously think about how we can use that as well as the judiciary straight through the judiciary path. All right, we're going to shift years to H-225 and act relating to prosecution, a possession of therapeutic dosage of buprenorphine. I will leave you. Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you, Don. Bye-bye. We all heard some interesting discussion in the joint hearing yesterday. Michelle isn't here yet, so we should be here in a minute. But I wanted to... Is Phillip here for Don? Oh, I'm sorry. I'm happy to report it. Is that good, since you know her? Yeah. Phillip, very good. So you'll let them know, Senator Baruth? I'll do that right now. Okay, I don't think I need to do anything. I think you just need to let them know in the vote. Oh, do we have to give them the nomination paper? I think so. I don't think so. Okay. I have it if you need it though. All right, I'll write the bloomer right now. Okay. I've been... I was actually surprised at some of the testimony. I was particularly struck by the testimony from the three state's attorneys. And I know they're not always on the same page. There's 14, you know, we've talked a lot about 14 different systems of justice, but all are fairly consistent that they're not prosecuting possession of small amounts. And unless there's a case where they're late, now there are a lot of other drugs around, that sort of thing. I was also... So in a sense, it's already been decriminalized just by having, I don't know that there's been any prosecution for small amounts. But I am kind of concerned that the word decriminalized in the intense section of the House Asheville seems to indicate that what they're doing is decriminalizing. But then if you read it, if you're over 21 years of age or over, it's actually legalized, the possession. So that bothers me a little bit. And... Can we change the intent? Oh, yeah, sure. We can rewrite the bill. We can do it anyway we want. Show me we get the bill and then rules can be still. That's right. So may I make a comment here? Sure. So I know that there is some concern about the way it's drafted and stuff, but and that they aren't really, that most of them aren't prosecuting, but I think that there was ample testimony about people's fear about having it because, I mean, not even going to hospitals or places because of fear of stigmatism, job loss, all kinds of things. And so if it continues to be illegal and just not prosecuted, that doesn't alleviate those fears. And the other thing I do have to say is I was stunned by Dr. Levine's testimony that if he were in any other state, he would support this bill, but that we don't need it in Vermont because we have no waiting lists and the capacity to treat all. And that simply is not true. I mean, we heard from the woman, I can't remember where she was from that works for the turning point and who said that she has people that are put on waiting lists. And we actually had a death here in Brattleboro. I think it was yesterday or the day before. And we do, we have waiting lists. And I just think she was from Bennington and she testified that between 4 p.m. on Friday and 8 or 9 a.m. on Monday, you can't even get here. Right. And I can tell you that when AHS closed down the units and the services at the retreat, and they've partially reopened them. And he said that they had other providers who were willing to step up and work with them. But I can tell you that something as simple as getting an appointment with a laydack was six weeks. So that, That's a laydack. I'm sorry. Licensed alcohol and drug counsel. Oh, thank you. Good morning, Michelle. Good morning. Senator Baruth. I just wanted to second what Senator White said. I found that, I thought at first maybe he had been misquoted, but then he repeated it with the explanation. And to say that any policy would be good public policy in 49 states, but bad in one, it just goes down this path to a certain kind of nonsense. And the explanation was that you had instant access here and no waiting. And, you know, no one has ever testified that there's zero wait times that I remember. So, you know, I also thought that the bulk of his argument against the bill or reasons to be cautious about the bill would apply in other states, you know, having to do with, you know, the fact that the drug is somewhat addictive, does produce some sort of high, those sorts of things wouldn't change regardless of state. So it just kept leading me back to the strange quality of that statement about any other state this would be good public policy. So I also think Dr. Levine has done Yeoman's work during the pandemic. I came in willing to give him all sorts of respect for his opinion, but I was very taken aback by that, I'd say. Well, would we be able to have a section with a report back on issues of treatment availability? And you may need help from Katie to draft this and go to the health and welfare community again, but I think it would help be helpful to have a section on the status of treatment and wait times to get treat, to get into treatment in Vermont and various geographical, specifically various geographical locations, the discussion yesterday about not having a methadone available in Bennington County discussion. I'm sure in the kingdom you have the mobile system still, I think, but the idea that there's treatment on demand and then you hear from the Turning Point Club in Bennington that somebody comes to them at five p.m. on Friday night, there's no way to get her in treatment. You didn't see any less than some murders, you know what I mean? I don't know if we could write something like that. Senator Nick. I have to admit when we hear from state's attorney and direct quote from the Addison County state's attorney that says, this drug saves lives. And there are so many people, and I mean, certainly I know several people who have died this year. And it's like, I mean, I don't know them well, but I know their parents. And if there's something that can be done to save lives this year, we should do this. And yes, it needs some fine tuning, but we should do it. May I ask how, what the book was in the house? 145, I don't know, I think it was a voice phone, wasn't it? I don't remember. I'll go and take a look. I think it was a roll call. I think there were like 17 no's or something like that. That's pretty overwhelmingly important. It was, I think you're right, it was like 17 or 19. It was all number of no's. I was pretty, it was interesting. So many people explained their votes and like people were breaking down, crying, talking about like Carolyn Partridge was like, this vote is for my niece. I guess she lost her niece died of an overdose last year. And it was clearly one of those things where it touched so many people in a personal way. So it was a big vote. But I don't, I'm going to say something that'll probably get me in trouble, but I don't think there are any easy answers to getting out of this problem. And I don't have a great deal of confidence. This is a huge difference. But Senator Nick had just said, if you want to save one or two lives, there's no word of it. But to try to believe that this is gonna change things dramatically. I just got a note that it was 126. There were 19 no's according to Peggy, just chat. 126. Senator Benning, yep, Senator Benning. Yeah, I would like to say a couple of things. First off, I have great faith in Dr. Levine and everything that he has done during this pandemic. I am also a criminal defense attorney, however, and I have been in many situations very recently where people have tried to get in for treatment and we've had a delayed wait to get in. And there are occasions when we have a bed available and the judicial ability to respond to getting, for instance, a change of plea scheduled has knocked that back because we couldn't coordinate the court's schedule with the bed space availability at a given locale. So it's a frustrating thing to see. I am curious though about the thought of a sunset provision on here that might allay a lot of fears, even if it was an extended one to give a time period for a track record of how this change works. And if it is successful, obviously we remove the sunset, but to those who are cautious, it would give them the sense that, okay, this is a test we're doing and perhaps bring more support for the change. No. Senator Thears. Nope. We're both have our hands up. Oh, I'm sorry, I was writing, I was redrafting the bill. I'm sorry. My preference at this late date is to just pass it the way it is. I think that there are studies out there already in the health department that look at beds available and waiting times and stuff. I don't think we need to add that. And I think that even if we need to allay fears, it seems to be there are few fears that need to be allayed because 130 people voted for this. So that means there were 19 people who had fears. And in this, I don't know what it would be in the Senate, but if the proportions are the same, that's, it seems to me that my preference is to pass it just as it is and to get it done and get it over with instead of sending it off to a conference committee and running the risk that it doesn't happen this year. Well, I wanna just dovetail off of you, Jeanette, and say there's only one vote with some fear attached to it that might be standing in the way. And in order to try to allay the fears that were presented from that one votes camp, it would be an idea that I think would smooth some ruffled feathers and take care of concerns to demonstrate that it's not gonna be the disaster that was predicted. Got it. I think a lot changed in two years. You don't feel there's need for work. In this bill, I'm fine with that, but I would like to suggest I think we should make changes to it and I do support a sunset of one or two years. And I also think that in line one in the intense section should read, we should cross out the word decriminalize. So it would read, remove criminal penalties for possession of two or four milligrams or less of you, just basically what it does. And then if you're over 20, if you're under 21, you would be a civil matter if I read this. And then, because when we decriminalize there, I'm troubled by the wording decriminalize because that's not what it does. Why don't we just leave out the intent and just pass the bill? Well. I think it's important to have that in there. I think it's helpful to explain it, Senator White, because of the way that the criminal law is just organized. I think you wanna make it clear to people that, so for the under the 100 times the benchmark right now is a misdemeanor. And this is just taking a fraction of that misdemeanor crime and removing the penalties. So there still is a pretty big range. So from like over 224 to 3,600 milligrams is still gonna be a misdemeanor. So I think it's helpful is like a reader assist. But Senator Sears, can I just ask you to say that I just popped up my. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. You said to just say basically that. I don't have line numbers, but it is the intent of the General Assembly to remove criminal penalties for possession of 224 milligrams or less of youth. Simply striking out the word decriminalize. Sure. Senator Booth. I just wanted to go back to the sunset question. My preference, and I guess I'm picking up some of the urgency that I hear in Alice's voice. I think we should do this. And I would prefer to do it as it came out of the house. If that isn't possible, if we don't have the votes to get it out of committee that way, I would support a sunset, but I would prefer that a one year sunset just seems to me a sort of foregone conclusion. You won't have any real evidence after a year. So if there does have to be a sunset, I would hope that it would be more like two or three years because that would allow you to really see what the policy is doing. So that's that's that question. Mike Shirlings here. I, Mike, did you want to comment? Commissioner Shirling, did you want to comment underneath this discussion? No, Senator. I was, I appreciate being acknowledged. I was here at your request in the event. There were questions. I'm willing to go to two years, but I do think I need to, I do think we, I'm not afraid of changing language, but that's what we do. And I'm really troubled by, struck me when I first read the bill. That's my something we could do. We don't need to, you know, I think a two year sunset is fine. It gives the state time. I mean, I don't know how the, you know, let's, I believe that our Medicaid spends $14 million a year on this box, just as a point of interest. Did I just make a comment on that, that it is interesting and not Medicaid spending, but the way we use it in our prisons, and it was meant to treat people who were already being treated with the MAT program. And I have had anecdotal information that many of the people in prison just start getting the MAT treatment because it's there and because it's available and because they can have it. And so they come out addicted when they didn't, when they went in. And that was a concern expressed by Commissioner Levine that I think might end up with people who are, you can't remember the exact wording. But that's in our prison system. That's us. Yeah, but I think it, I'm trying to think back to Commissioner Levine's testimony about the unintended consequences. Senator Booth. I was just thinking back to our visit to the correctional facility. We did have that drug counselor who was also an inmate who said that he thought that sometimes people entered the MAT program because once they did, they couldn't be moved out of state. And that's stuck with me too. I mean, I just wanna, in the drug treatment world, there are a lot of disagreement about using medically-assisted treatment. It's becoming less and less now, but there are treatment programs that do not allow medically-assisted treatment. There is a legitimate argument that you're not trading one drug for another. I understand all of it. And I don't buy that, I've always believed, not always, back in some time. And when Howard Dean was governor, and there was a proposal in the Senate to allow methadone into Vermont, he strongly opposed it. Is that enough? And I got convinced by Jim Letty that it was probably a positive thing. He was chair of Alta Volcker. So, you know, but there is that disagreement in the medical community about that. He also had entire practice. Yeah, but he almost became president. Well, I don't know if I'd say that. Well, he almost got the nomination. Let's put it- He almost got the nomination. Thank you, Senator Beway. I think you should do a book on Howard. Actually, I covered that incident in my leaky book. That's true. Yes, you do. Any other discussion on the bill? Can I just get a clarification? Yeah. Or are we not doing markup right now? I guess I was just- We are doing markup, but we're not going to take a final vote. And the markup would be- I already got the change in the intent and then just do a two-year sunset. Sunset. July 1. When does it become effective as a passage? July 1. Well, then like it. I don't know why it wouldn't do it on passage. You can do it on passage. I think it's just a, you know, a default that we usually do. But yeah, there's no, because it's a benefit, you know, to people rather than it imposing, like oftentimes when you create new crimes, you want to give some notice. I think if you're taking this away, you can do it on passage. Well, given the testimony of the three states attorneys, it's unlikely somebody's going to get charged. I mean, now in July 1, but if somebody were charged. Flip side of that is to say that we are actually trying to save lives as quickly as possible. So there's no reason to have a date that's arbitrary to make it upon passage. Yep. And then then the sun sets July 1, 2020 through. And I've got to go get Marley. I'll be right back. Where is he outside? No, I am going absolutely crazy. I can't even, I don't know. This doing things this way is just, is making me. Crazy. It is making me crazy. And I can't, I can't find anything. I keep printing off the wrong things. I have to run downstairs. I'm just, and I. Yeah. Yeah. Hey, soft boiled eggs for breakfast. So it made me feel a little better. Hey, Peggy. What's that like? Hey, Siri. No. Yes. Peggy, you got your dog over your shoulder. I do. How cute. I know. She finally settled down. You guys saw the strings from the window sill were being batted back and forth, but. Well, and Michelle's cat was going wild there. Now, now it's sleeping, but. Nothing. Probably heard Marley thought Marley was after the cat. I finally caught the chipmunk after three weeks. Oh no. Two days ago. Or chipmunk. He was okay. No, no, no, I caught it. I live trapped him. And then I let him go. Marley's been chasing chipmunk for five years. And he hasn't caught one yet. Well, the cats, I don't know, you know, this, I was living with one because the cat brought it live to me and dropped it at my feet. James. So where are we? So I think you have, so you have three amendments. One is the replacement of de-creme with running around removal of penalties and a two-year sunset and effective on passage. And I can knock that out quickly this morning and send it through editing and get it to y'all and just so that you can vote whenever. Well, what I would like to do is get it to health and welfare and representative Valen and have representative brought him from Valen so that she's aware of it. And then we can get it out of rules really next week. And if health and welfare has any changes they want to make. I'll send it out to everybody today. Is everybody tentatively okay with this? We're not going to do a final vote because we don't have the bill. Yep. Yep. And hopefully the rules committee will be willing to deal with it. We were scheduled to start on H 183 at 1015. I don't know if we can get. Dick, remember we have appropriations. Yeah, I know. That's why I was hoping we could get started early on 183. Which has 183 again? That's the bill on consent. And Michelle is the drafts person, which is helpful to have you. But we could, we're not going to do S3. I wrote Eric because we have appropriation. If Peggy can email the folks who are going to come in on 183, if they could join us early, that would actually work better for me because H 18 is up on the house floor this morning a little later. And because it has S 103 on it and it would be good if I, so I could be in the Zoom room just in case there's questions. So if you want to do 183, I'm ready. And then we take a five minute break. Yep. And see if we can get others. And then we'll come back to the amendment anyway. And then people can comment on that when we're working on the amendment. So hopefully we can get back 10 to ask.


De € 599 Antimode X2 Room Correction System by DS Speakers was just introduced when I visited de mooie geluidroom at the Dutch Audio Event last September and before I knew it, it was on its way to me for a review. I didn't know the brand but since Room Correction can do great things in affordable stereos and given the price, I was rather interested. De Antimode X2 is a system that promises to reduce acoustic problems when measuring the acoustics using the supplied microphone once and calculating the needed filters. How is it to be used? You need an amplifier, power amplifier or receiver. Connect to it a pair of loudspeakers. The Antimode X2 is to be connected to the line inputs of the amp over RCA cables. It needs a digital or analog source, for instance a CD player with either analog outputs or a digital output on spidive or tostlink. Spidive is the preferred choice here. Alternatively a network player can be the source. Again the connection to the Antimode X2 can be over analog or digital. The network player needs to be connected to your router over the network. The same network can be used for your computer or NAS as a source for the network player. Network players are usually controlled using a tablet or smartphone. If you have a subwoofer, that can be connected to the Antimode X2 and will be part of the Room Correction measurements. This connection is over a single RCA cable. The Antimode X2 has a small metal housing, measuring 126 x 80 x 28 mm and weighs 0.3 kg. On the front left the 3.5 mm input jack for the supplied measurement microphone. Further to the right the matrix display made from 70 LEDs. On the right the power LED. Looking at the rear and left we see the 12 volt DC power input, a wallward power supply that comes with the unit. Then the USB A connector, that is to be used for updating the unit using a USB stick. The USB C connector, next to it, is the input you can connect to your computer. It adheres to the USB audio profile 1 and thus is isogranis a limited to 96 kHz. Then 3 analogue outputs, a subwoofer out and left and right out. Next to it the analogue left and right inputs, of which the right one doubles as a spittive input, so you have to choose between the analogue input and the spittive input. To the right the optical tostlink input. Both spittive and tostlink accept digital signals up to 192 kHz 24 bit. Later on screwing the rear panel, the circuit board easily slides out. On the left here some electronics that cleans up and stabilizes the incoming power to the required voltages. The large VLSI chip here properly does the digital interfacing and display control via the driver here. The matrix display is mounted on a vertical board. It looks like the digital signal processing is done in this VLSI chip. In het begin ik kon niet vinden informatie op deze chip, maar VLSI produceert systemen op de chip-producten en chips voor audio decoding, zodat DSP is niet ver af. De digital to analogue conversion is done met de Burr-Brown PCM1754, een 24 bit 192 kHz DAC chip. De analogue inputs zijn converterd tot digital met de Burr-Brown PCM1808 ADC, dat is capabel of 24 bits at 48 kHz of 96 kHz. Analogue amplification is done met Texas Instruments op Amps. Sinds de anti-mode X2 has no controls, is it fully controlled from the remote control. When it is connected to the mains using the supplied wallboard, the standby button starts it up. After some display messages, the input through a single character and the volume level is displayed. O55 stands for optical at volume level 55 below zero. C34 means coax aka spittif at volume level minus 33. Changing the input is done here and the volume is adjusted with these two functions. In het centrum is a menu button that, like all buttons here, has other functions too. There is a three-band equalizer that can be set by the user after pressing this button. Bass and treble are shelving and the center frequency of the mid-range EQ can be varied. Three sound profiles can be stored and selected using this button. The mute button also doubles as an EQ bypass button. It all sounds more complicated than it is and it is very well described in the English manual. A Dutch manual is supplied in the Dutch-speaking region while English, German, Suomi and Dutch manuals can be downloaded as PDF from the manufacturer's site. See the description below this video in YouTube. Anti-mode is the name of the room correction algorithm and that is very easy to use. After you connected the anti-mode X2 and checked it played music, you adjust the amplifier level to loud. Then plug in the microphone. This stops the music. Now select whether you want 2.0 or 2.1, meaning without or with the subwoofer connected to the sub out. Next you set the loudness level using the remote control and checking the instructions in the display. Make sure that there are no noisy devices audible in the room and then press OK on the remote. Two times a slow gliding tone becomes audible and after that the display instructs you to disconnect the mic. It's all done in a few minutes after which the room correction is set and the music can be played again. Over time I have learned that room correction is balancing between the quality of your stereo, the acoustics of your room, your loudspeaker placement and the quality of the digital signal processing used for room correction. In general in my reference setup 1A, processing often does more harm than a potential acoustic problem does. In my old system 1B, with the Audio Note Soro SE amp, the Mitek Brooklyn DAC and the Audio Physics Scorpio loudspeakers, the Mini DSP SHD Studio did really improve the sound quality. The room was the same and the placing of the speakers was just as optimal. I noticed that when the resolution of the equipment gets better and time spinning gets lower, acoustic problems diminish or even almost disappear while the limitations of the signal processing become more obvious. On the other end of the scale, the less resolution the equipment has, the bigger the acoustic problems become while the limitations of the signal processing are below the resolution of the equipment. It's a bit like stability programs for cars. It was needed to keep the Mercedes A-class from tumbling over, while a Lotus Elise keeps stable without. The Anti-Mode X2 was connected to the Marantz KI Pearl Lite over Siltec London RCA cables. It drives the acoustic energy radians 1 loudspeaker over Kimber 4PI loudspeaker cable. They are supported by the RELT-C5 subwoofer that is connected to the sub-out of the Anti-Mode X2. I also connected the sub to the loudspeaker terminals of the Marantz amp, which gave similar results. The digital source is the LOUS bridge signature with LO shanty power supply. It uses rupee rune endpoint software. It is connected to the Ether regen switch over a CAT6 patch cable. The equipment is housed in a target rack. The Anti-Mode X2 has no digital outputs, so the quality of the internal digital to analog conversion defines the sound quality. That is for an important part defined by jitter. Jitter can be caused by a poor clock oscillator, a poor power supply and a poor input signal. Here the advantage is that the signal passes through a digital signal processor that, depending on the design, can reduce jitter. I think this is the case here since given its price, the sound quality is rather good. There is no digital sharpness and surveillance is very well controlled once the Anti-Mode X2 has been burned in. It gives a fast stereo image with a good focus. When the Anti-Mode is switched on, the sound opens up further. Even while in my studio the placement of my setup to loudspeakers is already good and the empty carton boxes of my equipment placed on the Veeder works like a bass trap. I scale in the Anti-Mode X2 halfway my reference setup to B. Replacing the Woolward power supply with an S-booster, 12 volt version, does give further improvement in sound quality. The speakers manage to make a room correction system that is rather affordable and easy to operate. It can also take away the, for some people, difficult task of adjusting the subwoofer. Of course there are other products around, but check out if the measurement microphone is included. I have seen DRAC systems for about the same price that come without the advised 110 euro measuring microphone. DRAC is more elaborate in setting up, but also offers more fine tuning. The Anti-Mode X2 is a lot easier to setup and might offer enough room correction for a large group of people not interested in the tech side of things. Spending 600 euros on a room correction system, if you own a stereo of the level equal or below that of my setup to B, usually will be a good investment. And with that thought I leave you. I'll be back next Friday at 5pm central european time. If you don't want to miss that, subscribe to this channel or follow me on the social media so you will be informed when new videos are out. Help me reach even more people by giving this video a thumb up or linked to this video on the social media. It is much appreciated. Many thanks to those viewers that support this channel financially. It keeps me independent and lets me improve the channel further. If that makes you feel like supporting my work too, the links are in the comments below this video on YouTube. I am Hans Beekhuyzen, thank you for watching and see you in the next show or on the hbproject.com. En whatever you do, I enjoy the music.


Hoping you're having a good time. So as Eric said, we're here to talk a bit about crystal I know if most of you have heard of it or not. It's a pretty new language, but it's also fun Before I get into crystal a little bit more about me really fast. So this is me This is my handle pretty much everywhere if you want to find me This is a company I work for cost of visual in Braga. They were kind enough to get me here So thanks to them. As Eric said RubyConf Portugal is happening in a month We're having a pretty good lineup. Okay, so after Grimm, Koishi, Sean Griffin Klamnick Among others PJ that spoke yesterday at RubyConf is gonna be the MC So the venue is fabulous. You should definitely think about going. Also, we're having a raffle Sometime today should be announced And we are giving away a free ticket for someone here. So Please be excited about that now crystal Okay, so crystal is an efficient Ruby like language. Okay, so really fast and Syntax similar to Ruby you're gonna see more about it in a while One of the different things about crystal is that it is compiled So and it is more strongly typed than Ruby So and it also has static checks which bring some more safety than Ruby does It also has very simple C bindings, which is nice for a lot of reasons that we might discuss in a while as well Another very cool thing about crystal is that it's a hundred percent self-hosted that that means that It's all crystal is crystal So if you understand the the syntax, which is again very should be familiar to you if you know Ruby It's very easy to just dig into the parser the lexer into the core of the language and just contribute Which is also very nice As I said crystal is a typed language Okay, but it does have a very good type Inference so you kind of all the time it feels like you're writing Ruby and not worrying too much about types If you don't want to which you probably will want to if you start writing a type code But that means that you can set your variables just as you would in in Ruby, right? So you have a number that's a 42 So it's an integer or a fixed number that would be the equivalent in Ruby in crystal It's called in 32, but it just works as you would expect it to work in in Ruby You can do the same thing with arrays Okay, so you have an array of numbers you can append to it again same syntaxes Ruby but Now the first small difference between crystal and Ruby if you check the class it's not not just array Okay, it's an array of in so we an array of integers This is a bit different and this is gonna be important in a while So here if this was Ruby you would expect it to work, right? So you have an array you append an array of integers you append an integer then you append a string and you get the class What could possibly go wrong, right? Well in crystal it does not work and it what this error. This is the error. It's gonna give you at compile time Okay, so this happens the program will not even run and what what's it telling you is that? You cannot append a string to an array of integers. Okay, so this is what it's telling you In crystal the type of The type inference system works when you're setting the variable So you set an array of integers you cannot then say oh, but I want the string as well. That is not safe Crystal will not let you do that. However. This is pretty easy to fix one of the ways would be to just Create an array that has integers and a string then crystal will know Okay, so you can see here that the type is not array of events anymore It's an array of these little strange thing which is a union type which are very important crystal This means that the array can either have strings or integers. Okay, and you can have more types as well Of course, this is not always the best way of initializing an array. Don't want to have Elements with all the types you need in the in the array so you can also do Do this? Okay, you can say that's an array of strings or ends and will work just fine as well Now that we know a bit more about how types work insist in crystal and the most important part here Remember is the union type. Okay, that's I think the most different thing But there's a lot that crystal can do for you at compile time now For instance, let's look at this Ruby example Very simple method called string size it takes a string and Prince the length of the string if you then try to call it two different in two different places If you run this code, you'll get 16. That's the length of that that string and then boom Okay, so you have an error undefined method lens for nil if you've been coding Ruby for a while you probably have seen a lot of similar errors and This is the problem here is not the actual error I think the problem is that it happens in runtime. Okay, so you might only find out when you're already running You already have deployed this code or if you have a very strong Test suite you might catch it early. Hopefully, but you never really know In crystal if we take like the exact same code It doesn't have the the prints there, but imagine it does You would get a very similar error ever saying that length is not defined for nil Okay, now we expect that however These are these error happens at compile time not run time. Okay, so the program won't even run It will tell you there's a there's a nil An undefined method for nil before it even runs. So that problem is solved Now let's take a look at a Bit more complex example taking the the same example from before the array of strings and ints and Let's go over what it's doing here. So we have an array of ints It takes an array sorry an array of strings or ints and it we append an int and then a string We take the array we call the we get the Ray and and then we ask for the size of that element if you do if you don't know it size is only available for strings not for ints, okay, and But this should work in Ruby right because the the last element is a string It has us the size method duck typing and everything it should work in crystal. It doesn't okay We get undefined method size for ints. This is because Crystal makes sure that any method you call on an element of the array must be valid for all the types in the union Type of the array. Okay, so it's really safe that way because it cannot really make sure that you're not messing it up along the way So if you if you're doing something that can potentially introduce a bug It will not let you run the program C bindings as I said like crystal has a very good integration we'd see This is because crystal is a Compiles to LLVM bytecode. So it's really easy to integrate it see it's gonna be very similar But if you ever try to do it to have tried to do it to Ruby You might have noticed that is not that easy not very easy to get started anyway You probably will need to write some C and worse than that You'd need to learn like Ruby syntax or Ruby see implement implementation like the RBN needs and all that Basically, it's a bit of a pain. I think not fiddle is something that's happening and it looks nice I think we have a talk tomorrow about fiddle. I haven't given it a Close look, but it looks better. I think But in crystal is it's already very simple to integrate with C for instance. Let's say you want to have the a to I function that from the standard Library standard C library That's it. It just say that you want to use libc You declare the header of the function and you can use it under the libc namespace Okay, this is a bit cheating because libc is already in the core. So you can just use it However, if we wanted like a random C library, we needed to use it to be a Bit trickier like one line extra You have to call that link on top for instance if we need the read line This is an example of using the read line C library and you just need to link it and Declare a header again. That's a function for read line. And then we have a code just using read line this would prompt for a name you can give it a name and it will print it as a string the Small like difference you have to note here is the string new That's because if you if you also notice on the header, we're saying that the return value That's what's coming after the the colander. So the pointer you end so we get a pointer back and So we have to cast it to a string so we can use it as a regular string but other than that it's very very simple to use and Most of the core of crystal actually uses this for a lot of reasons some some Some of the parts of the code they didn't yet have time to rewrite So we can you can just leverage a lot of what the C community has done Which is a much bigger community than community than what crystal is right now Another important part of of crystal are something called generics that We don't really have in Ruby But there are in other languages and the idea is that let's stick these Ruby code This is a full class very simple class You have a not to reader with a value and you have an initializer that takes a value So very very simple class and then we use it okay We create the class we create an instance of the class with an integer and We get the absolute value of the for the for that for that integer. We get one fine Then we create another instance with a char and we get the ASCII code for that char fine It works. Well, no problem there everything in in ruby just just works However, if you try the same exact thing in crystal minus the slight differences in the syntax, which We don't have the utter reader. It's called getter and you have the setter and property for the utter Accessor so it but it's very similar and we have the coffee scripts like like initializer We don't have to set the the value and like repeat yourself three times. You can just do it once But then if we try to the same exact code create a foo for in then a foo for char and call different methods on it on different instances It won't work. Okay, we get the similar error to what we had before We have an undefined method ABS for char Why is this this is because of how again how type inference works in crystal crystal needs to find a type for this value, right? You're not saying what the type of the value is of the value variable The way crystal does it is it goes through every every place where you initialize this class and It sees the the types. So here's an integer. Here's our here's a char So what's the type of value? Well, it's a union of ins and chars. Okay, so This won't work because it's not available for chars Also, again, this is a compile time error. So these won't even run You can fix it pretty easily by having some something called generics So you can say this is a foo of T of type T like a generic type And you say that that T is gonna be defined by the type of the value What this is telling crystal is that each instance of foo can have a different type a type T That is defined when we initialize it and it's defined by the type of the value So in this situation this instance of foo will be a foo of int and this instance of foo will be a foo of chars and then it will just work again like it works in Ruby This is how arrays are implemented. This is how hashes are implemented So each instance of an array can have its own type and it can be an union type Okay, so we saw arrays that had integers and and strings So those are arrays of union types However, we do not have an array with all the types that we use in all arrays. So that would be a mess another difference between crystal and Ruby that I find really interesting is That you can you have method overloading and if you're not familiar with method overloading basically It means that you can define the same method over and over again number of arguments so the arity If he has a different number of arguments, it's a different method It has different types even though it has the same number of arguments. It's a different method What in crystal we call like the yieldness of a method So if a method yields to a block then it's a it's different even though It might have the same number of arguments and the same types if it yields and another method doesn't they are different What this means is that we can you can do something like this Okay, so of course this is biased towards the crystal implementation But you can see the same thing written in Ruby and in crystal. So you have a some Method that can take different number of arguments It can take different types of arguments so you can pass it in strings or integers and it will just work In crystal is very easy. Okay, so it's one line per method And you just do everything on the header of the method definition In Ruby you have to get everything and then do it inside of the method This is I think an interesting thing and would be nice to have in Ruby. Okay last part of of my talk is starting and it's about charts So what are shards charts is the name we we've got for gems in in crystal Okay, so if you build a library in crystal for now at least it's called chart and how does like dependency management work for now and again crystal is a very new language that's evolving a lot so the the project the dependency system is not Great yet, but the way it works right now is that you need to have a file called project file Similar to the gem file has its own DSL you say depths and then you see there you can get a Library from github as long as the library is well built The the thing about crystal though and then you can just use it like can require it and use it the thing about like dependency system as it is right now is that Probably how it will be is that it only works on github and bit bucket and all that but the idea is that it's a decentralized system So there's no ruby gems. There's no place where you have all the meta information I don't know if this is gonna be like like that forever But right now it is there's a lot of there's a side project called charts going on That's trying to build a better dependency management system and Which are hard if you have have tried to do one and So not really set in stone how this works But the the idea of the of the creators of the language is to make it decentralized So you just have you have a repo on github a repo on bit bucket. You just use it. There's no central place Where everything is? This is all fun and nice, but it makes discoverability really hard Because you can just you can use Ruby gems and just search for a gem for instance And you cannot do that in crystal because there's no central place. You could search in github, but that's more painful so there's a website called crystal shards and you can Look at shards in Different orders like you can see the ones that have more stars so you can see the more more popular shards You can see the ones that have been more recently updated the ones that have more forks you can see a lot of stuff here and This works for now at least just because there are not that many you can see like a hundred and eighty shards So that's not a lot But it's growing. It's growing like in maybe two months or three months You got from 60 to 180 something a community that's thriving right now So we're very very good time to come to to the community and I like to stress that that there's a lot of Opportunities if you like to contribute to open source or you want to start contributing to contributing to open source Because there's a lot of stuff that is not done in crystal So even in the language in the core of the language you can contribute to that That's there's a lot of stuff to do there, but even in if you want to build libraries to do stuff for instance maybe Six months ago. There was no postgres adapter So someone started building it, but there's my sequel adapter now as well There's a lot of here you can do if you like and that kind of stuff Okay now I'm gonna do a really quick demo and try not to blow too much things Let's see if we can do this Okay, is it the font is the font good enough can you see it there? Okay, so I have here a Fibonacci sequence generator. Okay, very simple a recursive one It's very simple and it's written in Ruby and it just it's printing the element Number 40 of the sequences so it generates a sequence and it gets the 40th Elements and it prints it. Okay, so very simple code. It should work just fine If we do it in Ruby You have to wait a while not too much hopefully about Sometime Okay, it worked. I forgot to put the time here. Let's do it again We have some time it should be about eight seconds if I'm not mistaken or it might be taking longer because I'm not plugged in Okay, nine seconds So this is the Ruby implementation, okay, and if you notice it's the 40th if you try to do like the 45th You might just grab a share and wait Because it's gonna take a while In crystal we can try it Okay, we can just pass in in this particular instance because it's such a simple Program that the code is exact the exact same in crystal so you can just pass it in a Ruby file and it will just work and Okay, it took one second However, what we are doing here is that we are compiling the program and then running it so we can compile it first So you can do crystal build that will compile your file and you also have a release Flag that makes it even faster. So we compile it and then we can time it boom 0.2 seconds and it does the same thing if you notice like it generates It's here. So and it took the same code. So it's very very fast especially especially for CPU bound Programs you can almost write Ruby and make it like super fast So please try some crystal and Hopefully you can get we can get some of you to the community. That would be great Another thing that I can mention that is super fast in crystal is Jason parsing So if you have a lot of that crystal is super super fast doing that as well It has even some like a small DSL that lets you define the structure of your Jason and it's super fast Parsing that so that's a very good use case to start using crystal if you have one if you have that problem Okay, that's it. Thank you So I will be do the be doing the question moderation. Are there someone sending already great Louis, thank you Personally, I had the impression that the type system looked like the one used by the ML language Where does crystal draw its inspiration for the type? So I have to repeat the question right or it has okay So what why is where does the type language the type system come from in crystal? To be honest, I'm not really sure So but it takes a lot of inspiration from a lot of languages I know it takes inspiration from from Ruby obviously from coffee script. It takes some inspiration From Elixir it takes some inspiration maybe from there it got kind of a bit of the type system and not the Creators of the language are really going around like to conferences and talking to people about new ways to do languages It has it also a thing. I didn't mention here, but crystal has a macro system so it can get You can do some fancy stuff at compile time And it also takes that from other languages. So there's a obviously it's a it's a new language So it takes a lot of from other languages not I don't know for sure what comes from which language Any other questions? One of the back there. Come here. I meet your halfway Thanks, just a short question. It looks really great I have a question. Do you have a community code of conduct for your developers? Sorry I have a question if you have a community code of conduct for your developers and Do you have a core team and what's the gender distribution? Sorry, I didn't understand the question. Sorry. Could you repeat? Do you have a code of conduct a community code of conduct and do you have a core team and How does the gender distribution? Oh, okay. Okay, thanks So yeah, that there's a core team. I'm not on the core team, but I do help and I'm don't think there's a kind of conduct actually or if it is it's pretty recent as Far as distribution goes. It's pretty bad. So sorry the diversity or distribution of It's it's Can you hear me? Yeah, it's it's mostly guys. So but please join we will I think For sure so if you There's a lot of of women here. So please join we're the community is very is very friendly I think to everyone and very welcoming. It's just it's just a small community and just happened to be that way There's I don't think there's any like bias towards any particular So it's a very young language and there needs to be a lot of work. So this is one of them any other There you go You mentioned it's a young language is to the creators considered production ready. Sorry the creators do is it considered production ready? Oh production ready That's a good question. So it's not one one point oh yet. So it's not a hundred percent stable, but I think it is ready like first small Things like I was saying like if you want to parse Jason You have like a microservices that parses Jason ready for that to build like a whole app in crystal Probably not a good idea yet Also because you don't have a lot of frame that you have you have some frameworks now There are starting to to be built but very very very early stage. Everything is very early stage So you to do small scripts and to do a small? subset of things Awesome Actually like crystal shards is built on crystal and it's has been running for a couple months So it does work, but I wouldn't advise it to build it like your business on top of it yet Please don't do that yet Good point one more question Are there some known? Limitations in made up programming Things where you can say from the beginning this will never work in crystal compared to Ruby Just because of its concept Well, there's like a fall stuff like that Some of them it's not all but some of the metaprogramming thing you can do in Ruby Because crystal needs to like can only take information that it has at compile time. So anything that you need Runtime information to be able to do it won't work like for instance There is a method missing in in crystal, but is limited compared to The Ruby method missing you cannot do everything Ruby method missing does I mean, it's not as powerful as Ruby is. I think that's the main thing. Thank you, Luis. Thanks


وأقولوا في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقولوا قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأواله الحمد لله يا رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل واشدوا الله إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهدي السبيل واشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى وإن أو سيريس القوائد الفقية المتعلقة بالمعاملات المالية الكائد الفقية الملجونيةا لذلك مجوء فتاقف عن البعض الملجونية كنا نقوم بالقائد الفقية المتعلقة الملجونية الفقية المنزلية وان شاء الله تعالى نتفعل إلى كائد القائد على حدث أن هذا القائد فتاقف على قائد الفقية الملجونية هذه القاعدة الثانية هي العبرة في العقودة للمقاصد والمعاني لا للألفاضي والمباني هذه القاعدة هي العبرة في العقودة للمقاصد والمعاني لا للألفاضي والمباني The way that we are going to do this principle is in the following way Number one, we are going to define this principle We are going to go through each point and what it means insha'Allah Second is, we are going to speak about whether this principle is agreed upon or there is a difference of opinion regarding it Number three, what benefit does this قاعدة have And what is the benefit in this قاعدة The third is, فايدة القاعدة The benefit that is connected to this principle insha'Allah or this legal maxim Number four is, دليل هذه القاعدة Four evidences that support this قاعدة This قاعدة is grounded and it is rooted from the Qur'an and the Sunnah Evidences for it insha'Allah Number five, I'm going to mention a very strong statement of Sheikh-ul-Islam ibn-ut-Taymiyah A very beneficial statement of Sheikh-ul-Islam ibn-ut-Taymiyah رحمه الله تعالى That's number five Number six, I'm going to speak about that which goes outside this قاعدة Remember we said at the beginning when we were studying قواعد الفقية There could be possible that there are things that go outside the قاعدة So this قاعدة العبرة في العقود للمقاصد والمعاني لالي الالفاضي والمباني What is the thing that exits this legal maxim Or exits this principle Number seven I'm going to insha'Allah Speak about ما يتفرع عن هذه القاعدة What are the things that come under other principles That come under this principle I'm going to speak about Are there any other principles that are built upon this principle We'll discuss that insha'Allah And number eight Examples regarding this principle So we'll speak about أمثلة على هذه القاعدة Number nine Which is the last We're going to speak about Contemporary transaction that fall under this principle We're going to apply this قاعدة On contemporary transaction Contemporary financial transaction So let's start with the first which is تعريف القاعدة Let's explain this قاعدة What does it mean العبرة في العقود للمقاصد والمعاني لالي الالفاضي والمباني What does it mean That what is given consideration In transactions Should we give consideration to Should we observe The intent of the individual And what it means Or should we give consideration to And should we observe The wordings that the individual is using And we don't look at what he means Or what he intends That's what the قاعدة means In transactions Should we observe the intent of the individual And what he means Or should we observe And should we consider What he says And what he vocalizes That's what the قاعدة means This قاعدة اختلف فيها الفقهة This قاعدة is not agreed by everybody This قاعدة is from the قواعد Which are مختلف فيه So we've done the first part Of our today's session Which is to define and explain What the قاعدة means We've explained it We're now going on to the second Which is This قاعدة Is it different upon The scholars differ upon this قاعدة نعم This قاعدة The فقهة The jurists, they differ And they don't all agree Well, because they differ On this قاعدة They saw it appropriate To word it in a questioning To word it In a questioning format Instead of making it a statement Because the قاعدة itself Is not agreed upon So instead of saying للمقاصد والمعاني لالي الالفاظي والمباني They've chosen to say هل العبرة Is the Thing that we should observe Should the thing that we observe Be in transactions The intent Okay And what the individual meant Or should we observe The wording And that which the individual vocalized You see I structured it In a questioning format Instead of a statement format Because in the statement format There can be a form of assertion That you're asserting something Whereas a questioning Is You're not asserting it You're questioning You're interrogating That's what the scholars And the فقهة And the jurists chose to do Because the قاعدة Is not agreed upon But the strongest opinion Is that this قاعدة Is That The thing that we should observe And the thing that we should look into And give consideration to Is the intent and the meaning Not the wording And that which the person vocalizes So That what we should give consideration to That which we should take on board Is what the person intended And that which they meant Not what they said or vocalized And in شاء الله I'm going to bring evidences For why this opinion is the strongest Because We can't say this opinion is stronger Than this opinion Without providing A reasoning behind it Or else we will become People who are unjust If we say this opinion is stronger Than this opinion without any evidence Then we're doing what is known as تحكم We're unjustly Dictating Our opinion on to others So I'm going to come for the evidences Why this opinion is the Strongest which is That which we should give consideration to Is what the person intended That which they meant Not what they Not what they vocalized or that which they said Now I move on to the third point Which is فائدة القائدة What's the benefit in this قائدة What's the actual benefit In this particular قائدة The benefit becomes apparent And it becomes clear When we look at A person's statement If a person unrestrictedly Says Something And It could be taken For many other meanings Or it can be taken For another meaning or soul For instance If somebody says I have sold to you Bait my house 20,000 For 20,000 I have sold my house for you Sorry If somebody says I have sold you Bint my daughter If someone says I have sold my daughter 20,000 For 20,000 I have sold my daughter to you And the other individual on the other side Says Now let's look at the wording Of what the individual said The individual said The guardian of the girl Said I have sold I have what I have sold my daughter For 20,000 And the other individual Said what The other individual said Here it now becomes Apparent The benefit that's in the قائدة here Which is what If you're of the opinion That we give consideration to the wording And what the person vocalized Then this نكاح is Because the individual used What He used the word بئة Where he should have used What And كاحتك He used the wrong wording And what you give consideration to Is the wording And that which the person vocalizes And in this situation they didn't vocalize What they should have vocalized And the path you take is there Whereas the other individual Would say العبرة في القصود That the intent Is That which I give consideration to Is what the person intended And that which they meant Not necessarily what they said Even though later in شاء الله تعالى We're going to see Is this example Fool under the قائدة Or is it from those which are Is it from the exceptions We will look at that in شاء الله تعالى Pay attention to this point Does this particular example Fool under the principle Or is it an exception Will expand on that later But I just want you to understand This is a prime example For The benefit that's in this particular قائدة Another Example A person says كفلتو فلانا بشرط أنه بري Okay A person says كفلتو And we know what the word كفلتو means It means دم وضمة إلى دمة That's what it means كفالا that's what it means A person is saying To another individual That this individual I am a كفيل كفيل meaning a sponsor The responsibility of this person is on me Okay For what like With the condition that he's free He wants to give money To someone And he says to him He says to them كفلتو I am responsible For this individual As with the condition that they are free Now the word كفلتو puts him under a category known as كفالا But what he really intended was what What he intended really was حوالا Meaning Whatever you wanted from this individual Is now on me I am going to pay on their behalf And they are going to be free But it doesn't mean كفالا So do we look at what he said Or do we look at what he meant That's when the قائدة becomes apparent That's when the قائدة becomes apparent That's when the قائدة Becomes apparent And the benefit in learning it Is at situations like that Now we are going to go into What are the evidences That support That the intent behind Transaction is what is intended And meant And not what was vocalized And said The evidence for that are four evidences The first one is The Hadith of the Messenger Which is This Hadith It made the foundation Based on The intention Okay Every action Whether it be speech Whether it be What you do All of it is based upon All of it is based Upon what you intended That's what the Hadith benefits us So this Hadith supports That the intention is what's looked at Not necessarily what the person says or does Good The second Evidence That is used here is The intent Is really What is behind the words of an individual A persons Those scholars They say To actually give Importance to what the person intended Is what makes sense That is Given priority Over what they vocalized The reason is because What is it that we intent What is it that when a person says something That you take from it You take the meaning from it You take what from it You take what from it The meaning from it And that which a person is saying You take the meaning out of it When somebody talks Are you listening to the wordings Or are you really listening to the meaning That's coming out of their wordings You're focusing on the meaning That's what you're giving consideration to So what you learn is that the wordings Is just the means So we'll see that What is the meaning So how are you going to give How are you going to give priority To the Objectives Sorry the means over the objectives That's the second point That was brought In favor for this principle Number three What they brought was The حديث الإمام البخاري and مسلم Both narrated The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم He used a man From the people of azd The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم He used a man from the people of azd A tribe known as azd His name was أل أتبية أل أتوبية His name was أل أتوبية The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم Used him This man For a particular tribe known as بني سوليم He told him to go And collect the صدق from them About the zakat from them So when this man came They gave him the zakat And they also gave him a gift They gave him a gift So when the man came back to the Prophet When the man came to the messenger To give the zakat To give the zakat That was given to him The man said to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم He said And the portion that was given to him As a gift He said This is a gift That was given to me As a gift So this is a portion And this is a gift that was given to me Now the message صلى الله عليه وسلم He said to him The companion فهل first the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم He said And then he made a خطبة And from what he said was To the man Or those individuals he wanted to speak to in general He said Why didn't you sit in your parents house Your father in your mother's house حتى تأتيك هديتك And this gift This so called gift Can come to you إن كنت صادق and if you're telling the truth What the Prophet was trying to say Was that this is not a gift This was a bribery The messenger عليه وسلم Did not give consideration to the wordings That the companion used The companion used the word هدية But the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم And based it on the reality And what it means The reason is because هدية العمال is غلول People of positions When gifts are generally given to them It's given to them through bribery It's to get something from them It's to To get something from them So the messenger عليه وسلم Based on this حديث What did he do And he based it on what He based it upon The intent And the reality and the meaning that was behind it Not what this companion vocalized Or what he said He vocalized it as a gift Or he said that it was a gift from them The Prophet didn't give that consideration The fourth evidence that they used Is The messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم Is time At the time of the Prophet عليه وسلم In transaction Buying and selling Was present The messenger عليه وسلم لم يريد عنه بصلى الله عليه وسلم الدليل على التزامي بلافض المعين The Prophet didn't say that when you're buying And you're selling You have to use these words He didn't say that عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم He didn't say that when you're buying And you're selling That you have to say I am selling I have accepted your product He didn't say that عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم What is it that the Prophet permitted عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم So the messenger عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم He gave consideration to that Which is intended Of what both parties understand from one another Not Particular wordings that are used و لذلك شيخ الإسلامي بن تيما رحمه الله He said إن العقد جنس لا يشرع فيه التعبود This is the word that I was going to say That I said before That I would transmit from شيخ الإسلامي بن تيما Which is إن العقد ترانساكشنز لا يشرع فيه التعبود There is no شرعي Terms that are used When buying and selling Like when I'm selling to someone There's no شرعي terms that I have to use There isn't, there's no word that the شريعة told me to use And the other person on the other side He's taking a product There isn't on his side Something he has to say in return Here It's all based upon what It's all based upon ما يفهم مقصوده That which the intent is understood from And that which the other person means is understood That's all that matters إن العقد جنس لا يشرع فيه التعبود Those four evidences Are what The The overwhelming scholars used The overwhelming majority of scholars From the From the From the From the And the The overwhelming majority of scholars Who strengthen this That the thing that's given consideration Is the person's intent And that which he means Not necessarily Not necessarily What they say or vocalize Now I'm going to Mention An exception That leaves this principle Something that doesn't have Anything to do with this principle It gets out of this principle And that is something we mentioned in the beginning Which is the issue of An نكاح نكاح Which is Marriage contract The scholars they mention But some of the people of knowledge They see نكاح We observe the wording And we observe that which is vocalized Not what's intended or meant Why Because they said A نكاح It falls under the concept of الأعراض People's honor And the شريعة gave a lot Towards the honor of the people It did As you all know If a person commits zina To Testify against them and say That they committed zina Four witnesses Four witnesses The reason is because Is to protect the people's honor Not one person Not two, not three Four people To all see a person Doing zina Not hugging each other or shaking hands Or sleeping in bed together Or anything Seeing the act of zina being done Four people have to be The religion Gives a lot of Consideration towards people's honor The second reason Is because they said الأصل في العرض The asal for people's honor The asal for a woman Is prohibition You can't have intimate relationship With a woman as long as it's not good Until you go through a contract And a marriage So you can't Remove that Relationship with a woman Except through a certain well established Method So they said This قاعدة Which is العبرة في العقود للمقاصد والمعاني They said this one doesn't apply To a نكاح A نكاح is an exception To this principle So what is What is looked at In terms of marriage There are terms that need to be observed There are terms that need to be Looked into So if a man says I sell To you What? 20,000 20,000 This نكاح is not a void Because he has to say He has to say He has to say that Or any other terms like that Which are known to mean نكاح That's very important that you understand it So we've defined this قاعدة We've spoken about تعريف القاعدة We also spoke about The scholars differing upon the قاعدة Number 3 We spoke about the benefit in learning the قاعدة Number 4 We gave evidence for this particular قاعدة The evidence related to this قاعدة Number 5 We mentioned the statement of Shaykhul Islam ibn Utamiya A very powerful statement Which he said Number 6 We mentioned the exception Or the thing that leaves this قاعدة We mentioned it Which is نكاح We said نكاح does not fall under this قاعدة Now we're going to speak about ما يتفرع عن هذه القاعدة Other principles That come out of this قاعدة Is there any other principles That come out of this قاعدة Yes Number 1 أنه لا يشرع لنعقاد البيع لفضل Since we said That In transaction What is observed is the intent And what the person meant Not what the person said Or what the person vocalizes Since we said that That's the قاعدة that we were talking about The scholars they took another قاعدة Out of this which is There is no condition For vocalizing In transaction You don't have to vocalize You don't have to utter Anything When you're doing a transaction أنه لا يشترط It's not a condition لنعقاد البيع for a transaction A business, a financial transaction For it to be correct There's no condition for utterance There's no condition for vocalizing There's no condition for speech There isn't In other words ينعقد البيع The transaction can just happen by Just by Action without saying anything And of course this is called بايع المعاطات What is it called بايع المعاطات بايع المعاطات means أن يقع A transaction happens between two people Of what a product One gives the product The other one gives The money أن يقع بايع السلعة ودفع الشمال من غير تخلل من غير تخلل للفضل من غير تخلل للفضل Without anyone uttering a word No one saying anything This one gives a product The other one just takes it and leaves So he goes to the shop He comes, he walks in He takes the product Comes to the cashier He gives him the The product Gives the money This one takes the Product and he leaves No one spoke to anyone No one said anything to one another This is permissible That it's not a condition to say anything This one doesn't have to say How much does it cost You want to give me This is called This is permissible And it's allowed This is permissible And it's also allowed So if that's the case That is allowed Then another issue falls under this particular issue Which is What about Or what about Selling based on writing If you said that vocalizing If you said utterance Is not a condition For بير By selling Then what about if I Can I write نعم If an individual He writes Instead of saying anything That بير is permissible The person Whose writing can be two types A person who goes to a shop And goes He writes on somewhere Instead of speaking Okay Then this of course is It's permissible Instead of speaking to one another They just write to one another This one is It's بير It's a person who is present Who is buying from a person Who is present in front of him Here the second form He's not with this person So he's emailing him Or sending him a whatsapp He's speaking to him through social media Okay This one is it permissible According to The overwhelming majority of scholars It's permissible For example a person says to another person You know Sell me your car بخمسة ألا 5000 I want to buy your car from you for 5000 But he writes it He writes this to him By email Or by whatsapp And the other one says okay I'll sell it to you This is permissible And this is the view of the As I said Here there's a point that needs to be taken into consideration Two points When it comes to the issue of writing Two points Need to be taken into consideration Number one لا بد أن تكون الكتابة مسترينة لا بد أن تكون الكتابة مسترينة لا بد أن تكون الكتابة مسترينة The writing That this individual is doing to the other person For it to be given consideration For it to be taken on board For it to be taken on board It has to be a writing It has to be a writing Which is apparent Which is apparent And it remains It's a writing that's apparent And it remains What do we mean by this Remember we spoke about The films of transactions are marriage We're always going to try to give examples of marriage And of course buying and selling as well A man He scribbles or he writes In midair And what does he write in midair He writes أنت طالق The you are أنت طالق He writes in the air You are divorced to his wife Is this given consideration No The reason is because This writing It is not مسترينة It is not It is not It is not And there's nothing that's remaining Or a person scribbles on water This is also not considered to be Anything All of that The scholars they They put under حديث النفس حديث النفس means a person talking to himself They put under that They say لا عبرة There's no consideration or given to that So the writing that these Two people are sending each other Has to be writing Which is going to remain And it's going to be there And it has to be مرصومة We're still on the first point So it's مستبيلة مرصومة مرصومة means what The individual Who's sending it Is known So it can't just be A anonymous person Trying to buy from another person Ask a person Who's known So they write their name It's known it's them And the condition when it comes to that writing Is أنه يشترط أن يقع القبول أن يقع القبول في المجلس الذي يقرأ فيه الكتابة أما يقرأ فيه الكتابة The second condition is The acceptance Has to happen From the individual In the gather In a sit sorry In which he reads the message So a person receives a message From a person saying The minute he sits down And he reads it That minute It's now the The gather is the sitting Of where they're buying and selling He has to Accept them Because remember When it comes to buying and selling There's a A gathering sitting where both parties Have the choice of leaving the contract Or the other person has the choice Of accepting or rejecting That Is the minute the person reads the message That's the condition Another point that needs To be brought Here which is very important Is The product in which You're asking to sell And the other person wants to buy Has to not Be from the products It shouldn't be those products That you're not That when you're buying it And you're selling it It has to be based upon give it to me And I'll take it from you There are some products in the religion That the individual Has to Physically give it to you And you have to physically take it from them And you have to physically pay for it It's not allowed Or I'll give you the money tomorrow And you'll give me the product now You want to accept that Like gold The process I said when I told us It has to be here and here You can't So those people who sell Gold It's not permissible Has to be there Has to be somebody who takes it Somebody gives it Also money exchange online Where people exchange money online And there's no take and give straight away Scholars They bring all of that under Under the Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ Which there isn't any what There is no Taqab with the filmجلis The person is not In the gathering to take it The scholars They said If the person has a كفيل I'm a وكيل If a person has a وكيل Who takes his So when the other person You have somebody with him Okay The one who's selling There's a وكيل with him From the other person's side And the one that's buying There's a وكيل from the other one's side And the money is all given at the same time So this one gives the money to him And the other one gives the product to him And they're all representatives of him Then this is permissible This is a what It's a permissible Act So this مسألة صرف العملات Money transferring We spoken about it And that's an example Of The contemporary boyour And We spoke about بوسائل الاتصال الحديثية Selling products online eBay Selling it on Amazon You're allowed to Sell it and buy it Because we said أنه لا يشترطه أنه لا يشترطه لنعقاد البيع لفظل You don't have to say I sold it or I bought it You don't have to The action is enough The writing is also enough But we said that The writing Two conditions The first one is لابد أن تكون الكتاب مستبينة وأن تكون مرسومة Number three we said أنه يشترط أن يقع القبول في المجلس الذي يقرع فيه الكتاب بالرسالة The first one is that it has to be clear The writing The writing And apparent It also has to be known who it comes from And number two is أنه يشترط أن يقع القبول في المجلس الذي يقرع في الكتاب The person who is on the receiving end Who is selling the product The minute he sees that message sent to him He has to accept it on the spot And say yes or no to it Why? Because what we want is To accept That the accepting And the request Both of them are happening at the same time And the way that is going to happen is He is now seeing the request So the request has come now And the acceptance has to be on the spot We spoke about selling the product online And using Whether it be these WhatsApp Selling it on Text messages Selling it online Whatever it may be He said it is permissible As long as it is not يشترط فيها التقابض في المجلس Like gold And silver and the likes of this It has to be Physical The two parties have to be present with one another In order for that to be permissible And nowadays we've got this مسألة صرف العمالات Money takes the ruling of gold Money takes the ruling of Gold So Insha'Allah I'm going to stop there anyways Anything which I have said that was wrong Or incorrect is from me a Shaytan And Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشدو الله إله إلا الله أستغفرك واتوب إلي