Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell here bringing you this video from my usual location the home office But a slightly different setup. Thanks to my dear friend Marcus James fascinating guy Someone I know in real life and a YouTube subscriber So it's a bit weird for me because usually the people in real I know in real life Aren't aware of my colorful internet existence and the two Groups never path as such and Marcus is the exception. He's someone I know both from real life and from the wacky Worldwide web So thanks Marcus for the tip Cloud green stuff next is this white space. We will get there. It's a slow iterative process and Okay, I want to talk today about I uploaded a video about a year ago and I took it down because I was a little bit shaky about is this really want it what I want to go out there and say and As time has marched on I'm more confident. I'm more emboldened that I want to say this I want to talk about content writing. I'm not sure how I'm gonna title this video I might say do not call yourself a content writer Why you why you don't want to call yourself a content writer being a content writer is a lazy career some permutation because I really do want to It's a strong opinion and I want to get it across and here I'm get here. I'm doing that So I want to talk about my career and only for three minutes So it's I don't know waffle on about me for this video But I wanted just I want to talk about my career so I can explain why I've come to this belief or conclusion So I'm 33 years old But once upon a time I was I was a young man full of ambition and I got into writing when I was in college I was actually studying law Because I don't know I think my family wanted me to have a respectable career, but I loved writing I'm a creative through and through and My initial plan when I was sort of doing law school in Ireland But not really very enamored by it was to become a writer I started writing for the local college newspaper Got obsessed with the writing lifestyle interviewing people going to gigs having a lot of fun with it Started my own news website which became sort of a This is back in the day when not everyone had a website or a blog now. It's every single person, but so it was a lot of fun I loved it and My plan is actually originally to go into journalism at some point it did a second degree in journalism came back to Ireland and took my first Real job I E not my little own ventures with a good friend of mine called Brendan Very good guy company called eCanvas or political technology and that was a marketing communications job for a really really small start up We were like four people and you know when you're at a four person start up And you're the marketing guy you do it everything so my job title was marketing communications manager and I did the PR and I did the writing and I did the Media monitoring and writing the sales materials and writing the support materials and helping out with the developer a little Great job loved it But I left the job to move to Israel and that was just a personal thing because I'm Jewish And it was a life dream to move to Israel So my career kind of took a little bit of a break while I transitioned countries I came to Israel and After the usual choppiness of the first year adjusting to a new language and culture Work environment and also was only one job under my belt. So not like super experienced I got another job doing more calm Also like that job at an industrial IOT company and then I started doing Getting before I got my first job here in Israel. I was taking on content writing projects because I was looking for work I came here with you know a small amount of money to cover my IKEA bill and that was kind of it So I had to like hit the ground running and start earning pretty quickly So I did that and I started picking up content writing work because I Figured I was actually looking for jobs at the time and companies kept approaching me saying do you want a freelance for us? So I was like, all right, let's do freelancing freelance content writing And that was my introduction to the world of content writing and since that time that was about 2015 Content has gotten bigger and bigger and bigger and content writing has emerged as a very popular Career path within marketing and also as a very it's a very very easy thing to freelance, right? If you're a freelance writer these days, there's a high high likelihood You're doing content writing what used to be called brand journalism and everyone's forgotten that word But in my opinion brand journalism is almost a more accurate description because you know I always say what is content is the back of a cereal box content is So content isn't very descriptive so Content and why I so firstly that was 2015. We're in the year 2022 for the past seven years. I have been freelancing Working in-house marketing communications Twice here in Israel I have been remote a remote worker halftime contract. They've done a lot of different permutations and As I continue doing content writing There is the first year of young content writing and you know If you're whether you're freelancing or you're trying to make a full-time living out of this or doing it for a company You tend to take on whatever work comes your way. You do the kind of scrappy SEO keyword stuffing rubbishy content work that no one really wants for content mills And then you work your way up the food chain And that's how it was for me you increase your rates you get better clients you build up a portfolio and And There came a point when I left my Marketing communications job here in Israel because I had enough freelance work After starting it before the job I had enough freelance work then that I could leave the job to do it full-time and I did that for about a year and then I kind of began thinking this is very limiting very limited and very limiting Marketing communications as I said a lot of different aspects to it But let's broaden this back out now from my own particular context of my career experience Here's why I think content writing is not a good For that to be anyone's job title I would firstly recommend against that for that for anyone to say content writing is my career choice That's what I do for living those are all things I've been very very careful to not describe myself as I also have now tried to all at all times Avoid using the word freelance because I prefer self-employment. It's a business. It's not a little side venture for for me but content writing specifically denotes a very low-level skill and it grossly undersells Here's the crux of what I'm trying to the point I'm trying to get across here Describing oneself as a content writer Having a job title as a content writer in most cases unless it's a really really entry-level Limited job grossly undersells the value that writers bring to companies And there's a huge problem in the writing industry, which I'm not really involved in anymore But there's a huge problem of undervaluing right the thing about writing is that it's got a few things not going for us as A job or as a freelance career in brand journalism. Let's say firstly Barriers to entry are very low. There's no certification process. It's not licensed Secondly, there is a lot of people that can do it because it's easy to become a content writer It also means there's a lot of content writers out there and something I noticed when I've been doing this for, you know Three five years is companies don't always want to pay more for better. They just want someone who's barely competent so Here's what I I had there was there was a point in time and I remember the meeting distinctly I met a friend here who lives near me in Jerusalem. He's also a marketer and We met for you know coffee and to have a chat and to catch up and I asked him at one point, you know, would you he was telling me about the projects? He was working on and I was telling him about the projects I was working on He's a branding consultant and we were talking about the type of the quantity of money and you know for content writing you're probably talking about Four figure sums maybe to stretch and doing this project. They're paying me 400 bucks for this blog They're paying me $1,000 for this white paper And we were talking about the same industry talking about the technology industry We were talking about not the same clients, but very similar clients But there was an enormous disparity in the sums of money I was trying to run a business on by cobbling together $500 $500 $500 and the amount my friend was able to charge and That was kind of the eureka moments It was actually that and I also had a client that raised series B like 10 million and funding and they were trying to get me down By $100 on you know some writing deliverable a blog post So I was coming into this meeting with my friend frustrated saying he's older more experienced So I kind of looked to him as a mentor figure and I said look what's going on here? Look, we're doing similar work Similar clients You have more experience, but not vastly more experience, but you're charging, you know $10,000 retainers and I'm getting clients pushing back on $500 because they want to pay $400 What's going on here? It doesn't really make sense. So we had a great discussion and It really goes it really boils down to value and the way a lot of companies perceive writing Writing when you come in and position yourself as a writer. You're saying I can write competent English. You're reducing your Professional package and your acumen and your credibility to the level of really anyone that can write English Which is probably hundreds of millions of people in the world now What what is the higher level work that writers do? something another eureka moment you'll have if you haven't had this yet in your career when you go into Companies and you begin hiring freelancers and I've been also doing this for a while and you hire branding agencies and you hire Other types of agencies content agencies. You'll discover that a lot of the work they do is exactly what you're doing For as a writer and you'll start to see these invoices. I guarantee this will happen at At some point if it hasn't happened to you already you'll see the invoices and you'll have the same moment I had of you're seeing these people other marketers charging a multiple of what you can charge as a writer And you'll say hey, this isn't fair. So let me explain it comes back again to skill set the What is the skill of a writer? Now the best way to make money in writing in my experience anyway is to do something is to narrow Narrow yourself down from one of many to one of few and I know this sounds like not rocket science or not game-changing commentary But indulge me for just a few more minutes, right? It's a translation exercise So if you're dealing with very complicated clients in the world of let's start with B2B tech But that's too broad again. So let's go down to cyber security, right? If you know because I'm using this as an example because I happen to have done a bit of work in Was in the cyber sec space and it's well paid, right? So if you're doing work for a cyber security company, they're selling B2B and they want you to write meaty stuff Okay, when you get to that point you can have a conversation with the client and say Charge not exactly what you want, but charge decent money And the reason that you can get to that point as a writer without rebranding yourself and keeping the writer hat on is because you're you've now positioned yourself not just as a writer you're a subject matter expert and a writer so I would say writers there's no such thing really as a writer the only people who hire Writers are the type of clients and the type of companies type of clients You don't want to have and the type of companies you don't want to work for the only only people who hire writers or people who just need Grammatically coherent copy written and by the way, this is there's a lot of chatter at the moment now about artificial intelligence AI and This if you know there's discussion within writing communities for a couple of years now What effect are AI bots going to have on on freelance writing? Can we continue as a freelance writer when the bots get good? That's the concern the AI the AI bots and my answer if you want to hear it is It will be a good thing if that happens because the type of bots the type of work that the bots are going to the AI chat bots the AI Automated writing bots the type of work. They're going to make redundant is the type of soul destroying crushing keyword stuffing hapless work that Turns a lot of people off freelance writing for good reason because it's miserable and it's lowly paid and clients don't want to do it So yeah, that's how this was probably going to be go to the chat bots so it's going to be a good thing for writers because Writers are going to collectively wake up and realize at some point that if you are serious about your profession You have a lot more to offer than writers. So my sort of thinking would be well Do you know marketing strategy and are you leveraging that skill in your writing work without? Doing it right? It could be the case. Do you've experienced that? Do you have a do you have public relations experience? And are you leveraging that? Expertise in the writing work you do it can happen Do you have SEO experience and are you leveraging that work in the writing? So when you start looking at it like this the actual writing work is the last Little thing right you have this you have the subject matter experience You have the marketing strategy experience and you can write okay now You've got a whole package that's valuable, but if people only see the end product the writing That's why writers get I don't know you say screwed over But they get the small breadcrumbs in the marketing budget because the big the big chunks of the pie are going to the strategist the marketing strategist in the agency work What you'll commonly see is that writing is actually a subcontracted job, right? There's an agency above you charging a lot for strategy and Public relations perhaps and they'll fish out the writing projects to a writer So the best thing you can do as a writer is elevate yourself to the next level in the food chain and don't describe yourself as a writer because Just my experience you're going to be Under underpaid underappreciated and end up frustrated. What did I do after? going from marcom to freelance writing and thinking that was a right thing to do because it was Specializing and being very specific about the scope work I offer. I don't do anything except writing. I am a writer that's what I did and horrible mistake horrible move, but I don't regret it because it's all part of my journey and for the last year that I was Last year 2021 really I actually spent most of that year instead of doing writing projects doing larger projects more consulting projects with Content strategy plus writing as deliverable. So I did almost no pure writing work in 2021 and 2022. I'm doing a Job now for someone in the non-profits actor. That is a communications job Which with writing as a component but far from the whole job and it's firstly is much more enjoyable Secondly, the value that you bring is much clearer And it's great to not be operating that level of dealing with companies trying to minimize their spend save every penny Argue over nickel and dimes because they see what you do as very very small in the last piece In the in the process that's going to actually bring them revenue and therefore they want to pay less for it that's the reason you'll see companies raising ten million dollars series bees and Trying to haggle their rider down by ten dollars So I have to go now and think about how do I want it? What title do I want to use for this YouTube video that's going to get this thought across but I'm going to stop speaking here If you enjoyed this video, thank you for watching Thank you for spending the last 15 minutes with me here If you like the backdrop, let me know as well. I'm quite proud of it and yeah, lots of friends in freelance writing and I think that a lot of them could brand themselves slightly differently on think about their Value offering and USP slightly differently repackage their services and that I think is a way to get past Bum clients not just raising your rates because that's typically what writers think is the be all and end on solution Just charge more just charge more. You'll get rid of all the cheap people Those don't really work like that when there's still a lot of writers and you're still only explaining what you do according to the The mode through which you ultimately deliver value. All right guys gonna end here I'd appreciate any thoughts or comments do drop me a do drop me a comment on YouTube or wherever else I post this video Thank you guys for watching and if you want to get more videos from me on marketing Linux technology Israel many different topics feel free to hit the subscribe button and join me for the adventure here on YouTube Have a great day


These 21 short videos will help you quickly see and understand the relationships and patterns between various types of irregular verbs so that you can use them properly. Verbs like Sting This video will help you see relationships among various types of irregular verbs in English. The key to understanding irregular verbs is to look for and notice the patterns. With verbs like Sting, it follows a very similar pattern, but there's one small difference here. You will have the sound shifts and you notice these sound shifts are a little bit different. Verbs like Sting shift vowel sounds in the past and the past participle, usually from E or E to U. The short U sound is commonly pronounced U in English. Let's look at some examples. We'll start with the verb Sing. Now this is one we mentioned before and we're going to let you see it again to show you the comparison of these different kinds of words. Okay, with Sing, it changes in the past and changes again in the past participle, Sing, Sing, Sung. With Spring, we have two forms, Spring, Spring, Sprung, or in the past it can be Spring, Sprung, Sprung. Now this is kind of a transition verb between Sing, Sing, Sung until the next one, Cling, Clung, Clung. Now you'll notice that the difference here is that in the past tense and the past participle, the sounds are the same. With Sing, Sing, Sung, the past is different from the past participle. With Cling, Clung, Clung, the past and the past participle are the same. So you have things like fling, flung, flung, sling, slung, slung. Okay, now when we get to the verb Hang, this is a special case which depends on the meaning of the verb. For example, if we're talking about hanging up our clothes or hanging a picture, you could say Hang, Hung, Hung. But if you're talking about hanging a person in order to execute them, the verb Hanged is used, which is the regular form instead of Hung. Now the one I want to mention here that confuses a lot of people is the verb Bring. Now with Bring, it does not follow the same pattern. We don't say Bring, Bring, Brung or even Bring, Brung, Brung. For some reason this uses a different ending in the past and the past participle. So with Bring it is Bring, Brought, Brought and we'll talk about that a little bit later. Some more verbs which fit this particular pattern as verbs like Sting don't have an NG ending, but they follow the same pronunciation pattern. E, uh, uh, or IH, uh, uh. For example, dig, dug, dug, spin, spun, spun, stick, stuck, stuck, strike, struck, struck. Now with Struck sometimes they use the past participle, stricken.


Hi, I've got your policy that you write the security policy. Why are there like 300 controls in there? I mean, we're only a five-person company. Some might think that this is a tricky question, but I just think of a story of five monkeys. As part of an experiment, they were put inside a cage with no food besides a banana that was hanging from the roof. There was no way to reach it other than climbing up a step ladder. However, whenever they went near the step ladder, all of them would be sprayed with icy cold water. They learned not to go near the ladder for fear of being sprayed.  He thought, hmm, I'll go for the ladder and ended up getting beaten up because none of the monkeys wanted to get sprayed, regardless of how nice that banana looked. More and more monkeys were taken out and new ones were introduced, until eventually all of the monkeys were new monkeys, none of which had ever been subjected to water torture. They took one monkey out and placed a new monkey in. Who immediately thought, hmm, banana, let me go have some. So he went for the ladder and although none of them had ever been sprayed with water, they proceeded to beat him up.  It's best practice. Industry says it is. Alright then, thanks. No worries, stay secure my friend.


Zero accounting software 2023 reversing entry related to accounts receivable sales or revenue Get ready to become an accountant hero with zero 2023 first a word from our sponsor Well, actually these are just items that we picked from the YouTube shopping affiliate program But that's actually good for you because these aren't things that were just given to us from some large Corporation, which we don't even use in exchange for us selling them to you These are things that we actually researched purchase and use ourselves Acer 27 inch monitor I've been using an Acer monitor as my primary monitor for a few years now This is the first Acer monitor that I have used after having used a series of different brands of monitors in the past The Acer monitor has been performing well, and I'm trusting the Acer brand more and more as I use the monitor I have a 27 inch monitor, which I think is ideal for what I do which is of course the screen recording and the editing if you would like a commercial free experience consider subscribing to our website at accounting instruction.com or Accounting instruction dot think of it dot com where we have many different courses You can purchase one at a time or have a subscription model giving you access to all the courses courses Which are well organized have other resources like Excel files and PDF files to download and no commercials Here we are in our custom zero home page going into the company file We set up in a prior presentation get great guitars Duplicating some tabs to put reports in like we do every time right-click in the tab up top to duplicate it Right-click in the tab up top to duplicate it Back to the tab to the middle accounting drop-down opening the balance sheet We're looking at a comparative balance sheet if you don't have that you can open the standard balance sheet Tapping to the right accounting drop-down same thing on the income statement We're looking at a comparative one if you don't have that you can open the standard one We are now doing a reversing entry for a sales item that we entered in a prior presentation So let's just do a recap of the adjusting entry We did last time the general concept being that we had an invoice that was entered after the cut-off date But the work was actually done before the cut-off date now This is most easily visualized I think if you think of a job cost kind of system where you can imagine people are Putting their time together and then they possibly have a billing cycle every two weeks or so So it's quite possible then that when you enter the invoice which is the form Used by the zero software to record revenue it happened after the cut-off date Even though the work was done before the cut-off date So you would need to pull the revenue into before the cut-off date So in this case then you can see here that we have the invoice in March After the cut-off date as well as the cost of goods sold because we want to do it with inventory To add that added level of complexity and then what we did is we did a journal entry Putting it before the cut-off date now note a couple things on that you might say why do that? Why not just change the date on the invoice you could but that kind of messes up the normal Bittling cycle the billing cycle happens every two weeks or something like that Then what we'd like to do is say if this is logistically working well for the business I don't want to mess them up just so I can kind of tweak this this reporting What I'm going to do instead is the standard adjusting process and say you do what works logistically on the bookkeeping side And we'll just do an adjusting entry at the end of the period then you might ask well Why don't you just enter an invoice another one? before February that just mirrors this invoice and we don't do that because we don't want to we don't want to have an Actual invoice that also triggers the internal reporting things as well such as having the invoice that needs to be paid tracking in the internal contacts and the invoices that would also hit the sub ledgers for accounts receivable and The sub ledgers for inventory so what we do instead is just enter a journal entry We also want to see the journal tree as a journal entry because that's one of the indications that it's an adjusting journal entry and not Part of the normal bookkeeping system So we've entered the journal entry in now This is basically the accounts that are affected with the journal entry This is more of a complex type of transaction with an invoice even though the data input of an invoice is fairly easy So it's useful then to map out what's actually happening when you enter the invoice So if I was to go into this one, let's go into like the actual invoice and Just kind of analyze it now when you when you look at the reversing entries What you want to do what you don't want to do let's start with what you don't want to do is say okay Let me try to build a reversing entry from top to bottom Putting the debits on tops and the credits on the bottom if you can do that if you can visualize that then you have a quite good grasp of The accounting system Because that's kind of a long journal entry and it's unnatural to think of a transaction of a reversing entry So what you want to do instead is think of what's the transaction related to an invoice? write it down and Then just flip flip the signs or flip the debits and credits and I would keep it Going from top to bottom with the same accounts not trying to realign the accounts unless you need to for a book problem or something like that In which case then you can realign the accounts. That's the system. I would go to so we built the adjusting entry Based on this invoice right that we put in the adjusting entry before the cutoff So the invoice has a transaction which is a debit to the accounts receivable of the full amount the 525 The credit goes to revenue for the 500 the difference of the sales tax Which is the 20 and the 25 the 5% is going to go to a payable account sales tax payable the inventory is going down By I believe 400 and then the cost to good sold is going to go up by the 400 So we've written that down here. We used this to make the adjusting entry now What you want to do in practice is possibly take a picture of the Adjusting entry and then reverse it zero also has a nice system with a little checkbox that lets you reverse it automatically Which is great. So I'll show you that as we go We're just going to write down if you had to write this down and say what's the reversing entry look like? Let's just copy the headers. I'm not going to try to again Realign my accounts to have the debits on top I don't think that's a useful thing to do and if you need to do it you could do it after I think it's easiest to see if you just copy this down This way and we're going to say well if you debited the accounts receivable last time I'm going to credit it this time Top-to-bottom it's but you shouldn't have a credit on top not a big deal really because it's the same thing That's just like a convention if it works this way to see it better Do it that way if you need to rewrite it to make someone else happy or Line up to a book problem and then rewrite it afterwards So the sales we're going to debit the sales if we credited the sales last time now We're going to debit the sales and the sales tax payable. We're going to debit it now This should look like an unnatural transaction Because for one and and most extremely we never really debit sales sales only goes up It's a revenue account So it should look unnatural to kind of debit sales and it is unnatural because we are We're reversing an entry. It's a reversing entry. We're reversing what we did last time. That's why it's kind of hard to construct Without first thinking about the the normal entry and they cost a good sold Well if we debit it cost a good sold last time We're going to credit it this time and the inventory will on the inventory if we credited it last time We're going to debit it this time Now note that this also has the added problem of accounts receivable has a sub ledger Tracking by customer and we don't want to mess up what's happening on the customer side of things now zero actually Forces us not to mess up what's happening on the customer side of things because they won't let us do a journal entry to Accounts receivable because usually Our accounts receivable goes up with an invoice and down with payments and they're trying to track the invoices and payments in the Customer contacts and if you just record a journal entry to accounts receivable, you'll mess everything up So zero actually forces us not to do that and so we made up another account called accounts receivable Counts receivable adjusting entry and posted to that so this is what it looks like in zero That's a little bit tedious to do but zero actually has that great Ability to format the layout which is much more flexible than other software such as QuickBooks online Allowing us to basically put these into a subcategory and we can collapse them if we wanted to to have one accounts receivable Category for these two accounts within it So that's really neat because that allows us to have this second account Which doesn't mess up the sub ledger to post our adjusting entries to and still be able to format our Reports the way we would like to directly within zero same thing with the inventory Inventory if I post something to inventory Without the normal inventory forms when doing perpetual inventory tracking Then I'm gonna throw off my sub ledger again and and zero saying we're not gonna let you do that So they didn't let us post anything to inventory. They they forced us to put it into Another account which is kind of a pain But again because of the flexibility of the reporting Allowing us to put these two inventory accounts together and even collapse them under the heading of inventory It's it's fine like so that's even that's not too bad to do Let's open up our sub ledger reports just so we could see what we're talking about here I'm gonna I'm gonna bring this back to the Income statement right-click it on the tap to the right duplicating and Anytime we're dealing with accounts receivable you got to keep in mind these sub ledgers and if zero doesn't let you do something It's because zero is trying to say hey, you're gonna mess up the sub ledger most of the time If it's to accounts receivable or inventory for example, so they're trying to help you out man They're trying to help you out, you know, so if we go down here, we're gonna say aged receivable summary and We'll go into that and sometimes you're like I don't need no help Man, I'm I know what I'm doing with the adjusting entries and that's true sometimes But you can't get too upset with zero for trying to I mean, they're they're they're sincerely trying to help here You know, so we're gonna any case so we're gonna actually get we're gonna go down to February and Update it so here's our accounts receivable broken out by customer and that's 23151 50 23151 50 if I go to the balance sheet we have the 23 The 23151 50 and that's because I'm running it through July over here I'm back over here on let's I thought I changed it to February though. I Could have swore I could have swore, but I didn't I had an opportunity to swear And it would have been really cool to swear and I could have swore But I didn't swear and I missed my opportunity. There's the 22 626 50 if I go back on over here There it is on the February 22. Okay, so it's not including our adjustment account So it does our adjustment accounts not messing that up and that's cool because we're gonna reverse the adjusting entry and this account Won't go down to zero if I go to the Inventory sub ledger. Let's do the same thing duplicate a tab look at the sub ledge for inventory and reports and Say inventory item list and Let's do that as of the cutoff date Feb 28 the cutoff date Feb 28 bam and So if we look at the bottom line of that one the five three four four should tie out to the five three four four not including our adjustment account and Okay, so then we did our adjustment last time as a journal entry so if we just take a look and go down to the source document of The journal entry on the adjusting entry here's the manual entry we put in last time and So there's what it looks like so basically it looks like what we did over here So now we're just gonna reverse that so I'm gonna go back I'm gonna go back and Let's go to the first tab we find our journal entries in the reports tab so we're counting Reports, I'm gonna type in up top a journal report journal report Because that's the one we want and then in here. We've got the ad the journal Add the journal. This is I'm just gonna say a this it call it a reversing entry the date is always on February the date after the cutoff in our case March 1st March 1st because February 28th is a cutoff date for us now note that When we did the adjusting entry we have this automatic reversal thing which would basically do it automatically So we could do that but again, we want to we want to show what the reversing entry does So we're gonna manually put the reversing entry as of March 1st now also you might say hey look this transaction over here on on the income statement Happened on the fifth this inventory happened on the fifth So why don't you do the reversing entry on the fifth because then it'll be correct for five extra days But we don't want to do it on the fifth Because we want a reversing entry to happen the day after the adjusting entry so we know exactly where we are and where they are and We're gonna sacrifice the fact that we're not gonna be perfectly on an accrual basis in the middle of the time period All right, so we're gonna say then this is gonna be a debit to our accounts receivable But it's the adjusting accounts receivable There's the one There's the one and that's for five. That's a credit for five. I gotta make this is the one I'm on Let's make it green So I don't get confused Let's make it that's too dark And I need borders. It has to have borders around it. I don't work without borders Otherwise, you can't stay in the lines So I count 525 so 525 and Then this one is gonna be sales Sales will during the unnatural thing debiting it for 500 because debit usually is a credit to sales But there's a reversing entry. So and then sales tax payable Sales tax is the 25 not done yet Even though we're in balance right now because cost of goods sold Also needs a credit because we're reversing it of 400 400 and then inventory And we only have the adjustment account not the actual inventory account of The 400 and so now we're in balance So it looks good looks movie B to the end BN So let's go ahead and post it. I Think we're okay. Let's go back to the balance sheet and update the balance sheet and All right, we did the reversing entry here So now if I go to the accounts receivable and I go into the accounts receivable We are going to see then that we had Reversing entry happening down here So so where did it do what it did that? I'm wait. This is the actual accounts receivable. Hold on I'm on the adjusting accounts receivable. That's where the actual invoice happened But we did the adjustment here and it went back down to zero. Let's go into that one so We're gonna go down and say, okay, there it is Reversing entry brings it back down to zero. So we did the adjusting entry in February pulling the revenue into February and then we reversed it in March the first day after and it's gone now and the original invoice was actually made in the This accounts receivable account in March in March 5th. So it was there, but it was in the wrong date It was in March. We need to bring it back to February. We're not gonna mess with the invoice We then increased February with a journal entry and then decreased it the day after so we're back down to where we were before Because it was just a timing difference the other sides on the income statement if we update the income statement You can see we had that sales that was here when it went up and then back down. So if I go into the sales item, we're gonna say there's the Reversing entry here's the here's the invoice that happened on the 5th and We reversed it here. So here's the reversing entry now the adjusting entry if I bring this back to Feb 28 let's say Feb 28 we're gonna say we had The adjusting entry so we brought it before into February There's the cutoff and then we reversed it as of the first day afterwards Because the actual invoice was entered on March 5th All right, so then Then let's go back up The sales tax is on the is on the balance sheet So if I go into the the liability account for sales tax and we check it out. Let's go to the March area So we can march in March So we're gonna say the sales tax the invoice there's the actual invoice that happened for the sales tax here is the Reversing entry and there's the adjusting entry. So the actual sales tax happened with the actual invoice in March, there's the 25 we brought it before the cutoff date into February and then we reversed it Right after the cutoff date so that we're back to where we should be Here so we're gonna say, okay, let's go back and then we also have the inventory That we did stuff too. So inventory Is here's the adjustment account. So we did something to the adjustment account So let's go into that one because we didn't want to mess up the sub ledge and So we're gonna go down and say K. Paso our key. Oh, what happened here? We got the adjusting entry that Decreased the inventory that we pulled in right here and then we reversed it right after Because the actual inventory decreased with the actual invoice and the other account the actual inventory account So the actual invoice here is Located and the other account so it's gonna be over here now note We still have this adjusting account here because we did we had a negative inventory We brought the inventory below zero so that doesn't have to do with the adjusting Part that was some another kind of issue. We had Going through the practice problem. So don't let that throw you off And then if I go on to the to the income statement, we got the cost of goods sold It went up and back down in March again. So if I go into this one, we can see it. Let's bring this back to Fed wary February 28 Feb 28, that's the date that we want to see so we had the actual transaction here happened with an invoice in March and then we brought it back into February and then we reversed it on the first day of March so that so that it nets out So we don't double input the item and it nets out on this side. So if I go to the income statement then And look at the timing statement of the income statement This is the one if this was a tax related thing if this was like income taxes as of the end of the year for example We pulled the revenue properly before the cutoff date, which is now in February The revenue that we had recorded in March because that's when we entered the invoice is now being netted out But when we track the open invoice the open invoice is still there from March So if I go back on over to my sub ledgers over here I didn't mess up the the actual invoices that were entered in March So if I go like if I go to my contacts And I and I look at mr. Anderson All always causing us troubles Here Let's go in and see We still have the invoice that we can track in here and you know and receive the payment on the invoice So that didn't get messed up and our sub ledgers are still good because if I go to my accounts receivable here And I take a look at my sub ledge sub ledge sub ledge sub ledge We see that we have the 22 6 to 6 50 and That's if I go back on over to here 22 6 to 6 50 looks good, and if I bring the sub ledge sub ledge to March Then we should be good there as well. So I'm gonna say March and That takes it up to 22 to update it 22 To 6 to 50 it's still at February Thought I thought I could have swore. I could have swore But I've reframed from swearing Because I didn't want to upset anyone 23151 50 23151 50 and then the inventory is still at the 5344 if I go to my inventory sub ledge updated We've got The 5344 if I bring the sub ledge up to March you better do it this time Don't make me look bad.  Let's open up our trial balance and see where we stand at this point in time tap into the right Let's just go here and hit the drop down Into our reports and we'll type in trial balance because that's what we're looking for and if you type it it shall come you just got to type it and so then I'll just keep it till the end of 2023 and It'll have everything in it because we did a reversing entry and So this is where we stand as of this point in time if you were On last time, but you're off this time We made changes to the accounts receivable because we did basically a reversing type of entry we made a change to the The inventory Account the adjusting inventory account. We made a change to the sales tax account We made a change to the sales account and we made a change to the cost of the goods that are sold


Alright guys, welcome back to the channel. In today's video we're going to talk about four small things that if you start today can really make the difference between success and failure in medical school. Let's get into it. Alright guys, what is going on? Welcome to the MD journey. The channel is completely dedicated to helping you succeed on your medical journey with less stress. Today I really wanted to touch on some of the biggest and smallest habits that really made a huge difference in my medical journey. Now each of these small things made a huge difference for me as well as other medical students throughout their journey but I also wanted to make sure that each of them were very actionable. And that means for you, you can immediately start taking these tips and applying them to your life and reaping the benefits. So let's get into number one, which is to start with your day with something that matters to you. One of the biggest gripes I hear from medical students as well as anyone on a very busy academic journey is that they have no time for themselves. But instead of trying to make time for themselves now, most students will tell themselves that they'll eventually find time later down the journey. But if you're far enough in your journey already, you already know that one, that finish line never comes and two, you only get busier. And so to avoid your academic and medical journey getting in the way of your personal priorities, make sure that you start every single day with something that matters to you. And so my personal example, I wanted to make sure that I always had time for my personal fitness. And where I went to med school, we had a rec center right next door that opened up at 6am, meaning that I would make sure that I was at that gym around 6 to 6.30 every morning, doing that before I ever got to any of my studying. And to make sure it was something that I actually did and not just said I would eventually do, it was actually in my Google calendar every single day. So if there is something in your life that you're wishing you had more time to do, start now instead of waiting later on to eventually include it because I promise you it will be much harder to do it then. Now the second small thing that truly made a big difference, particularly my grades and a lot of you guys are listening for this, is that I started and ended my day with my most impactful method. Now a lot of us will study with a variety of different study techniques. We also kind of go through a typical form of flow when we're studying through reading the syllabus, taking notes, going to lectures and eventually reviewing them through a variety of different study techniques. But there is a few techniques in your arsenal that you tend to do that are going to give you the biggest benefits for your body. If you're asking yourself, I'm not exactly sure what study method is going to be the best for me, check out some of the programs that we have at the MD journey, most particularly the Rapid Study Accelerator, which is a mini course designed to help you not only understand what study methods you should be using, but in what order and how to make them super efficient from week to week. So that'll be linked down below for any of you guys are interested. But once you understand that out of all of the study strategies that I use, these are my most impactful. Try to start and end your day with those techniques. And the benefit of starting and ending your day in this manner, where you do your most impactful task and the start and finish, comes from the fact that even if the middle of your day doesn't go as planned, maybe you're not able to do everything on your to-do list, get through all your syllabus lectures and reviews, as long as you can do the most impactful thing at the end and start of your day, you know that you're starting and ending on the right foot, and you'll probably have the long-term retention compared to if you just try to go through your typical flow of reading a syllabus, going to class, reviewing. And in particular, this was super impactful for me as a medical student on those days where I just didn't want to do anything. On those days where I told myself, I'm not going to study, I said, well, okay, can you spend 30 minutes doing this activity? Now, usually the thing that was most impactful for me also was the thing that I enjoyed doing. For me, it was personally either flashcards or practice questions. And so if I didn't want to study doing 30 minutes of that, every single day. And so on those days where I didn't feel like studying simply just doing 30 minutes of something that was going to be really beneficial in the long term was at least better than nothing. Now, small thing number three is to create a hit list of your weakest topics. And when you're in an information overload kind of environment like med school, it's very easy to see a bunch of information and try to give each of it the same amount of priority. But as you likely have known from personal experience, there are going to be things that you're great at that I'm probably terrible at and vice versa. And so as you start making your first passes through materials, you'll be able to identify things that are going to easily trip you up and things that you're really good at and don't require as much retention. And so it's this initial list of topics that you know that if it showed up on exam day, you would feel super anxious that you really need to be hyper focused on. And so that's why I recommend to create a hit list, which is to have some form of media, whether it be a Word doc or an Excel sheet, where you're essentially breaking things down by lectures, as well as the topic in that lecture that gives you trouble. And so then when you get into your review later on the week or closer to the week of the exam, you should use this hit list of week topics to be your priority of how you should first start reviewing. So my personal example, I had an Excel sheet of all the week topics from all the lectures that I would struggle with. And then during the weekends, I would make sure that whenever I would do lecture one, the first few topics that I would cover, it would be those things on my hit list. And so the benefit from the small adjustment in your study strategy comes from the fact that one, you're focused on the things that have caused you the most anxiety on test day. And two, you're likely also focusing on the things that would cause you the most points on test day. And so if you could look at your hit list of week topics and notice by day by day, as you get closer to exam, that those things are not as big of a deal as they were in the past, you'll likely also do better. And so if you don't already have a hit list of your week topic start today, and then comment down below what results you're getting. And last but not least, before the small thing that really made a huge difference on my medical journey was to make sure that I was constantly reading about things outside of medicine. And when you're a medical school student, it's very easy to feel like you have no time for yourself, but we already talked about earlier in the video how you can do that by simply setting the start of your day at least, and you can do the same thing for the end of your day. Now as a medical student or somebody on their medical journey, you already have so much information given to you that you need to learn. It almost seems kind of naive to focus on things outside of medicine. But if anything, that is probably the most important reason that you should be reading about things like personal finance, personal growth, meditation, breathing, exercise, fitness, nutrition, things that you probably won't have time to do on your medical journey if you don't actively make time for it. Because here's the plain truth. When you're finished with medical school, you are officially now an employed adult and actually will have a paycheck. That means you have to know things about basic finance, insurance, nutrition, budgeting. There are so many simple skills that you have lost the opportunity to learn if you don't actively see them out. And one of the small ways I would make sure that my medical knowledge was as growing as well as my outside street knowledge is to do a simple form of reading through my phone, whether it be through my Kindle app, as you guys can see, I'm about 29 books eventually. So there you go. 29 books so far in 2021. Also use a Scribe app to listen to audiobooks. And I'll link those both down below if you guys want to check them out. But simply focusing on things that you will know you need in the future and just having some fun to educate yourself without any of the pressure of trying to actually apply it. Things like personal finance, nutrition, personal fitness, relationships, emotional intelligence. There's so many books and courses and things to learn on YouTube. But it's very easy for again for us to be a 24-7 medical student. So one of the small things that I really has helped me become a well-rounded individual and kind of to know what things to do once medical school is over is to make some dedicated time to learn outside of medicine. And if you're listening to this and you're like, well, I know that that sounds good, but I don't have enough free time. Go back to the initial things that we talked about earlier in this episode and understand that the things that are most important to you, you can make time for us. And so just how I gave my personal example of finding time to exercise every morning, you can find little blocks throughout your week that you just dedicate for outside learning for your personal growth. And I promise you your future self in a few years will thank you very greatly.  Things that I still do to this day in some form or capacity. And so hopefully you guys can take some of these tips and action items and start applying them into your day to day. And if you're one of the few that do decide to take action, come back to this video and comment down below what the results you're getting. And if you're like a majority of people, if you're like me, when you watch videos like this and you hear the great tips but you may not immediately take action, then the duration that it took you to watch this video in entirety if you take simply one tip and apply it to your day to day, I promise you'll be able to see some results. But with that being said guys, thank you so much for watching and listening to today's episode. If you're watching this on YouTube, my simple request is that if any of these videos really stick out to you, then simply help me out by hitting that like button down below. Ideally, these videos can get out in front of more people that may also benefit from the tips. And if you haven't already joined the community by subscribing to the YouTube channel, get two videos just like this on a weekly basis. And if you're listening to this as a podcast, consider hitting subscribe or follow on your favorite podcast listening platform and consider leaving an honest review on iTunes. And as I mentioned before, if you do want some more step-by-step guidance as well as a little bit hand-holding on your medical journey, check out some of the programs that we have down below for you at the MD journey to help you succeed on your medical journey with lost stress. And with that being said guys, thank you so much for making to the end of this episode. If you did enjoy this episode, you'll probably enjoy this episode on my full step-by-step breakdown of how to use onkeys like a pro. But as always, my friends, thank you so much for being a part of my journey. Hopefully I was a little help to you on yours and I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace.


Welcome to MyAOLCC Learning Hub. This orientation video will show you how to navigate course content and explore some other features in MyAOLCC Learning Hub. MyAOLCC Learning Hub is a powerful learning management system where we can access course content. Once we're logged into the system, we should start off by accepting any course invitations displayed at the top of the page. In order to accept a course invitation, all you have to do is click the Accept button, and in order to access a course, this must be done in advance. Once we've clicked Accept, the course will be displayed in our dashboard, as well as in our list of courses which can be accessed by clicking the Courses button in the left navigation pane. In order to open a course, all we have to do is click on it. This takes us to the Table of Contents for the course. In order to begin the course, you should start off by clicking on the first piece of content listed in the Table of Contents, in this case, the Preface. The content page for the Preface is displayed. As learners, all we have to do is view the content, scrolling through it, access any media that may be provided, and follow the instructions that are displayed on the screen. Once we reach the bottom of the content page, a Next button is available at the bottom right. To move on to the next piece of content, click the Next button. Similarly, if we ever reach the bottom of a content page and wish to move back to a previous page, we can click the Previous button displayed in the bottom left. And if we ever want to find a specific piece of content, we can always click the Home button, which takes us back to the Table of Contents where we can navigate through the content and click what we need. Now that we've seen how to navigate course content, let's take a look at two other features within my AOLCC Learning Hub. In the left navigation pane, you'll notice a Calendar button. If we click it, our personal calendar is displayed. Here we can add events by clicking the Plus button at the top right of the page, filling in the required information and clicking Submit. This can be a handy tool when trying to plan your learning as well as manage your busy personal schedule. A second feature I'd like to show you is the History button. When we log in for the day and we want to pick up where we left off the last time we were in, we can use the History button. By clicking it brings up a history of all the course pieces that you've accessed. And when you're looking to pick up where you left off, this is the easiest way. The most recently accessed content is displayed at the top of the list.  Now get started by accepting any course invitations you have and navigating to your course.


the user experience and customer experience and I'll give you some guiding principles on designing a customer experience strategy. We'll keep this talk short and towards the end we can take questions and answers. You know what? Many years ago, when I started into this user experience design area, people used to ask me, what do you do? Anybody outside of my professional network, I had to spend lots of time explaining what is user experience design. I still do some amount of explaining but the awareness is much more now. The same is with customer experience. It is at that same level of emergence where it has to be made understood. You have to explain what's customer experience. So what do you think? Is user experience and customer experience all the same? Yes? No? They're not. Actually they're different and what is the difference? Let us take an example. Let's say this is about Ram. He wants to file his income tax return online. So Ram does a Google search and finds say abc.com and he has to go and file his income tax return there. So he's able to find the site very quickly because the search engine optimization was implemented very well. He can look at the details that he wants to look for because probably the information architecture, the taxonomy, the interaction is designed very well. He's able to complete his desired task of finding the information in couple of clicks over a period of time is happy with that. Now he has a doubt and he is getting infused to fill up the lengthy form online. So he searches for a customer rep number and decides to call the customer rep executor. So when he calls he goes to the interactive voice recorder, fills his option and there's a long musical hold, 15 minutes to get to the customer rep. Sounds familiar? He asks a query, the rep is unable to answer it and the rep says, I'll go back to my manager and answer this for you. Can I put you on hold? Another hold. In the meantime, the call drops off. Now what next? He has to call up the same number again, go through the entire process again, speak to a new customer rep and call this problem. So when you look at this example, the user experience with the application is fine. Ram is happy with that but the overall customer experience he's facing in getting his task done is less than satisfactory. Similarly, if you look at another example, let's say a cab booking example in the previous presentation, we mentioned that. So if the cab booking example just limited to the mobile app, if you have a mobile app, is that enough? That's not because the experience extends beyond that. So all-time arrival of the cab, the attitude of the driver, the condition of the cab, the etiquettes of the driver, everything is important for you to feel happy about the entire experience. Not only that, even the payments and the billings, if you have any complaints, how do you connect with your customer, service, sell their everything. So it's the holistic experience that's really important. And that is what will help you decide whether you will again go with the same brand, you will recommend it to your family or friends or you will not. And that is the difference. User experience focuses on the interactions a person has with a product or a service. Customer experience focuses on all the interactions that person has with the brand. It's a holistic cumulative across-challenge experience which is seamlessly connected, not just disjoint. So in essence, it's the customer experience that determines whether a individual who is likely to become a potential customer will continue to stay as a customer or will recommend it to other friends and family. And this is across all channels, speed, web, speed, mobile, call center, vouchers, anything and everything. So we get to the customer experience strategy part of it. There are a couple of questions that everybody will have in their mind. Are users and customers the same person else? Why do we need a customer experience strategy? How is it different from a brand strategy? So are users and customers same? Is it same? Anybody? Not necessarily. Yeah, not necessarily. Especially in a B2B context, in an enterprise context, they are definitely different. A customer in a B2B context is a buyer who helps with the buy decision. They will tell the organization whether you should buy this product or not, while the user actually uses the product. They're two different person else, so you will design different journeys for them. In a B2C context, it depends.   Now there could be a variation to this. There are a few detergent companies which are targeting the kid as a person who will influence the parents to buy the decision. That's another scenario. So basically, customers and users are different. But when I talk about customer experience here, for this presentation, we'll assume they are the same and will proceed. Why do we need CX strategy? Because we are living in experience economy. Customers are not buying products or services. They buy the experience they get with the product or services. So the CX strategy becomes really important. Is there a difference between a brand strategy and a customer experience strategy? No. There's only one strategy for a business. And every other strategy, a customer strategy, product strategy is derived from your brand strategy. Strategy is always singular. For example, what is the strategy for Apple? They don't tell the customers that they sell phones or computers. They sell experiences. For them, the USP is the wow and design. It's user friendliness. It's intuitiveness. If you look at Disney, they don't sell the customers that they sell tickets for a theme park or they create animations. They sell experiences. They are in the business to entertain the family. So they say, we are in a family entertainment business. It's not important what you do. It's how you do it. And BMW is similar to the ultimate driving machine. It's much more than a slogan. It is in the design practices. It is ultimate driving machine. So welcome to a few guiding protocols that will help you create a customer experience strategy. You basically start video vision. You will define the intended experience that your customer will have with your product and service. This is across all the channels, across all multiple touch points. You'll have multiple journeys, identify the key journeys and define the experiences you want your customers to have with the product and service. The most important factor you need to understand your customers. You need to know who your customers are, how they're interacting with the brand today, if they are, or if it's a new launch, then this question is irrelevant and what they want and need in future. This is the key to get the experience right. And with this basically, the product strategy will also come in place where you have the business segmentation, your customer segmentation, your prioritization, what should go first in the market. Everything becomes very important and relevant. Once you understand the customers, you can derive the paid points that they see in the whole process and you can define and design the solutions around it. Design is not what it looks or feels like, it's basically how it works. So if you look at an eyes work, all you see is a tip of an eyes work. That's for example, your visual design or your look and feel, but a lot of work goes below that. So 80% of work happens actually to get to where you are.  So this is the key and I will not touch base much on this because you all are from the design field, you know how it has to be done. Apply the best practices there. Do what is the most critical and the important need for the customer, weed out all the things that's done. Most important, test early, iterate often. And lastly, culture. You need to build a design culture into the organization. It's basically build customer centricity into the organization, the DNA, so that everybody talks CX. It's not the people who just do it, but everybody in the organization. And obviously for any strategy to be successful, you should have some governance and measurement practices. So I think that's about it. Any questions?


What's up guys, my name is Michael and welcome to my YouTube channel today. We are going to go over replacing elements Which is part of the educational round code forces round one or two I Haven't been going over code forces in a long time and the reason why I'm not doing that is because I don't know It's just it takes a while for me to do go over some of these problems And I like to explain them and also so I haven't really been going into like the rounds so much I haven't been really competing that much But I did compete the last time which is this is this content just a few days ago. So yeah, I Did solve a and B So, yeah, I'm gonna try to basically if I get into habit of being able to solve a and B for a lot of the problems Then I think I should be able to get to green You would do a B or C right a B and C then I should be able to get to green. Anyway, let's so let's do this so Basically give an array of a 1 to a n right so these are Vibes of the array and you get to choose three indices ij and k and then assign the sum of a a j is equal to a k Plus a j right a yeah ai is equal to a j plus a k So you basically could pick two different distinct indices Add up the two values of the sum and then replace it as a I right so like basically Pick two did two different indices add them up Add two of the numbers up and then you replace the third one with it, right? So that's basically what we're saying here So now we're asked can you make a I lower or equal to D using the operation any number of times? So can I make all the values of the indices? I think yeah, all the values of indices less than or equal to D using the values the operation any number of times, okay? So I basically just brute-forced this So you could technically just go through every single value Every single indices right and then add Two of the indices up of J and K up and then replace the I and you continue doing that until that you reach the end and only replace it if you could replace it and make D as small as possible right like make a I small less than or equal to D So if that if AI is less than or equal to D, then you replace it, right? So, yeah But you also have to check the initial condition when if all the values are already less than or equal to D Then just print yes. So yeah in that case just print yes So I'll just go over the code because I'll just explain what I did. So yeah, here's what I did It's not much actually but Here so I read in the test cases of T Then I read in N and M and then I read in the values of the array Here what I'm doing is I'm gonna read in all the values of the array and I have I have a Boolean It to make sure they're all less than or equal to M and If they're all all less than or equal to M that means we don't have to do any operation, right? So like let's say we had Let me actually draw this out. So let's say Um Yeah, hold up hold up. So let's say we had like two Three one right and then D is equal to four, right? So remember what we're trying to do what the question is asking is that can we pick two indices? So like so let's say this is I this is J and this is K Can I like pick an I equal to two pick pick a random industry I right and then add two distinct other distinct indices So here let J is equal to three and K is equal to one, right? So take take the values of them have them up. So three plus one is two three plus one is four Then replace it with replace I with the sum of both of these Right, that's basically what the question is asking like the sum up pick have make sure you pick two distinct indices Sum them up and then replace your I equal to that, right? So Because we don't really need if all these values are already less than four We don't yet even have to replace Yeah, yeah, yeah, right. We don't have to replace any of the numbers If all the values are already less than equal to four then it really doesn't matter like we just have to print it out So that's what I did here over here. Um, this Boolean is just going to represent if all the values are less than or equal to M So what I'm doing is I'm and equals which is basically just Making sure that all these values are true, right? All the values are less than or equal to M And if they are then all the all less is gonna is can remain as true right and if they Do remain as true then I just print out. Yes. That's what I do Okay Otherwise, I'm gonna replace the values, right? I have a function to call the replace then I check it again If they're all less and if they're all all if they are all less then I print yes, otherwise a print no So this is a way to check if they're all less, you know, I basically to make sure all the values for each AI I make sure it's less than or equal to M Right, and I have a Boolean that just sets that if it is if it is less than or equal to M It will remain true. I do and equals Okay So otherwise I replace value. So here I have a replace value and I just brute-forced it. So The value n is which is the the size of the array, which in this case is it will be like three Right because there's three numbers one two three, right? Yeah, in this case would be three then I'm gonna loop through my all my values And I check if if I if my current value is greater than M So M is actually the number D. I should have used D in this case Yeah, in in my case, I wrote M is I wrote M instead of D But uh, yeah, we're actually trying to check D. Yeah, but I used M a variable M But yeah, um, so if if I find a number that's greater than than the value of M or D in our case, right? If I find a number that's greater than this This four I find a number in my array that's greater than this four. What do I do? I loop from the beginning again Then I find a number that is another number that's less than M So that's what I do here. I have to make sure that this index is not the same number as my original one So here, that's why I have a four into J is equal to zero and I go through J is less than M right I loop through again and Then J plus plus so here this if statement is checking if it's J is not equal to I So that's the index make sure they're different indexes right because I can't just pick the same number add them again, right? They have to be distinct So that's what this is for Okay, I make sure that my current number is less than M because If it's greater than M then if it if the number that I find is greater than M So like let's say this was let's say this was four, right? I don't want to replace four plus three Right because I don't want to replace actually this is a bad example Let's say this was five Okay, so let's say this was let's say this was five and Let's say my M is equal to four Right if I find a number that's greater so five And I find another number that's greater so like actually let's say this was Let's say this was five So if I find a number that's great and another number that's greater and I try to replace this I don't want to replace it with a number. That's also greater Right think greater than my M Because what I'm trying to do is make them all less than or equal to M So if I find a number that's greater, I don't want to replace sum them up and replace it So yeah, that's why I have that so in the here. I make sure that a of J is less than M Okay, so once I find another number that's S and M I loop again from the beginning and I make sure that I find a Last number that's less than M So this last number has to be less than M Right, I find another number. That's not the same thing as the original first two and I make sure it's less than M Also if K and that's my K and I make sure all them are not the same indexes because they have to be different numbers, okay? Then what I do as I check if the sum of my both of these two numbers I just found is less than or equal to M and if it is then I just replace my A of I is equal to A of K Plus AFJ, so I just replace them Okay, I have a Boolean that is just Finished and this finished is just to end the loop when I'm done So if I do replace this what I want to do is break out of this the second loop of finding the second number, right? But I want to continue going on the first loop because this first loop is What the loop that is replacing all of the original numbers, right? Because I want to replace every single number to see if I could replace them with a number that's less than or equal to M Right, so that's why I break I have a finished For the second loop that breaks out of the second loop. So in this case Originally, I say finish is false Then I do this loop for loop and I check if it's not finished, right? If it's not finished So in the end I do if I did replace it. I say finish is equal to true and I break So that breaks out of the second break This breaks out the first loop and because I say finish equals to true the second loop is going to be finished, right? Because this true Finish is true now and not true is false. So this second loop is done So this this second loop is done and then it'll go to the original first loop and it tries to replace the rest of the numbers of that So yeah, that's my solution. I think Their solution I think is they use sorting and I think you could do that and that might be a better way But I'm not a hundred percent sure Let's see Because I just brute-forced it. Okay, let's look at theirs. Oh wow. So Since they're all positive AI plus AJ is gonna be greater than max AI JJ That means you can't make the first Second numbers lower than all their RDA. We choose any other number of place. We can't make them less than Make them bigger as for some means we just choose each of them either not to change it or make it equal to Mn plus Mn So just be able to make that all of you just have to check that's not equal to D Well, that's kind of what I did M plus N less than equal to D. Okay We could do it by sorting our rate in decreasing order and checking that either AI plus a 22 is less than or equal to D. I Mean, yeah, you could do that. I guess. Oh Wow All you have to do is just sort it so we're gonna check that's not less than or equal to D a 0 plus a 1 is less than or equal to D Well, the last one is less than or equal to D Huh That's cool to know But yeah, what I did was I just brute-forced it Rate comps describe. I hope you guys enjoy my explanation Basically, I just took two numbers and replaced it and then I break out of it It's my way is not that difficult to understand I Could explain it again, but yeah Just I'll just explain it again. So go loop through it I Find if you find a number that's greater than the M the value of M that they want Then what I do is I create an I loop through it again Find a J that's not equal to I and I make sure that a of J is less than M If it is less than M I loop through again from the beginning and I find another another number that a K is Not equal to J and K is not equal to I make sure they're all distinct in there also less than M And then if they are then I add them up and I check if it's less than or equal to M And if it is then I set it I replace it and then I finish just your and I break So yeah, I Hope you guys enjoy this video. It's not that long Plus I didn't really feel like that much editing today because I have a lot of work I have to do But yeah, rate comps describe. I hope you guys enjoy this video. I'll check you guys later. Peace


Welcome, everybody, to our panel on biology and engineering life. I'm Nathan Benesh, founder of AirStreets. This is James and Hanu here, from Helix Nano and LabGenius, respectively. So in preparing for this panel, we were having a chat yesterday, and I was checking online what the status of biohacking was these days. And came across this article about this guy who was injecting himself with novel materials and being the exemplar of biohacking in a spare time. So I was curious in reading that and kind of considering why is it that now is the right time to be thinking about these topics, why is some of this possible, and what are some of the enabling technologies that underlie this thesis that we're talking about? Yeah, that's a really interesting question. So for as long as we've been studying biology, it's always been a question of understanding how we work, looking in nature and understanding that. And now there are these sort of emergent technologies that are enabling us to read DNA, to write DNA, to understand how those genetic programs work. And it's really the confluence of these technologies that are enabling these new developments. And it's not necessarily just on the DNA level, right? There's a whole bunch of other kinds of omics approaches that we're using to understand life. Right, and it's that fuller picture of understanding how life works at the molecular level that's informing these next steps. And so I thought we'd maybe ground the discussion in two areas that both of you have confidence in. And so the first one I think we should talk about is cancer. And how do you have some opinions as to why cancer is one of these important biological problems and is so intertwined with life itself and is a good way of kind of exploring why biohacking is kind of working today? So do you have some thoughts for us? That's right. Thank you, Nathan. And so cancer has been described by author Siddhartha Mukherjee in a book of the same name as The Emperor of All Maladies. And in many ways cancer is sort of a dark mirror of ourselves. It's our own biology turning against us. And in order to fight it, we actually have to understand the full picture of how biology works from evolution to DNA to all these control pathways of RNA and proteins and basically the whole deal. And I think throughout history, cancer has been the battleground where the sort of new and the most advanced technologies in medicine have been tested. And we sort of look back in the 19th century and sort of early 20th century where it was very much about sort of trying to just mechanically see how the organism works. The most advanced cancer treatments were radical surgeries. And it got to the point where doctors were essentially competing about who could remove the most tissue, like who could cut out and who sort of got into these horrendous fates for patients who sort of barely survived but sort of were missing most of their abdomen or limbs. And of course that actually ultimately helped because cancer was driven at the genetic level and then sort of was metastasizing and spreading throughout the whole body. And then sort of closer to our era of 1940s, 1950s was the era of chemotherapy, where there was the realization that you can target, you can kill cancer cells by targeting them with various toxic chemicals. And that became the most popular approach. But of course by doing that, you're also kind of indiscriminately killing other types of cells as well. And it wasn't really until sort of 70s, 80s as the picture of the role of DNA as being sort of the programming language of our bodies that sort of people started to be able to tell what actually makes cancer cells different for normal cells. And people identified some genes, some elements of DNA that were sort of mutated and were driving cancer and tumor growth in specific cancers like breast cancer. And that led sort of to the first, in the mid-80s, to the first targeted therapies, whereby hitting those specific pathways, specific things that the sort of cancer cells were expressing and reproducing, you could actually specifically kill cancer cells. And that led to therapies like Herceptin, or sort of a really blockbuster cancer drug from Genentech. And now we've sort of come even further. So now that our ability to read DNA, to sequence DNA, has gotten to the point where it's sort of of the order of $1,000 to sequence the entire human genome, sort of down from $100 million around the time of when the human genome project started. So sort of really a faster rate of progress than even Moore's Law. Now we actually have the ability to sequence a patient's entire tumor and sort of look at the full landscape of all the different mutations that occur and are sort of driving cancer growth. And we can target some of those specifically. But what I find really fascinating recently that first of all, people are trying to apply machine learning to those sort of data sets to predict which ones of those mutations our immune system is capable of targeting. And then actually taking some of those mutations, not just reading DNA, but also writing DNA, putting those mutations into a DNA construct and putting that DNA back into the patient's body to train their own immune system to go after those cancer cells. So this is a field of therapeutic cancer vaccines that's quite exciting. Or even more radical approaches that are now no longer speculation or research, but actually becoming clinically approved FDA approved therapies like Nomartis's Cumbria, where you're taking immune cells, white blood cells from a patient's body and genetically engineering them, sometimes quite extensively to go and target target cancer. So, and it's that sort of whole stack of technologies that we've had to put together to fight cancer. That's also now starting to find applications in other areas, which are actually quite surprising, which I think James is well placed to tell us about. Yeah, so some of the things you highlighted, which is one is sort of the intersection of biology and physical materials and how solving diseases not necessarily about just understanding biology, but actually getting the therapy or getting the treatment modality in the right place at the right time. And that also involves physical materials. And then the other idea is like this high throughput experimentation, which is how can you address a vast search space of possible therapies or possible underlying reasons why a disease actually occurs and use things like robotic process automation, which I know James, you're also using in your company. And so I think we should also talk about that and kind of consider how physics is interacting with biology and how advanced automation tools are actually allowing us to address some of these really difficult problems. Right, so it's a really interesting question and it's one around how do we fundamentally approach the engineering of biology? That's right. And that's a super interesting question because biotechnology up till now has really just been about how do you increase the production of existing things? How do you port processes from one organism to another? But how do you create things that have never existed? I mean, how do you even start? Like that's a super interesting question. And I think fundamentally this boils down to kind of the way in which we see the world, right? So all around us, like everyone here looks remarkably similar. We all occupy this very small island and genetic space but the potential of that huge space that could encode any organism is vast, right? So how do you explore it? How do you create new things? And human thinking is often tied up around cognition and how we interact with the world. So I mean, even the words that we use like manufacture, mannerism factor to make with your hands, we can't kind of adopt the same engineering principles when we start playing around with life. So the approach that we take at LabGenius really is around how do you build systems that can build themselves? And that's actually like a very natural approach. So taking evolution, the reason that everyone here is sitting in this room after 3.8 billion years, it's that process that can give rise to incredible complexity. And the beauty of that is if you can get systems that can teach themselves how to engineer life, you can be at the pub having a pint and you don't have to understand how they work. So the kind of approach that you take to do that and the way that that approach leverages these technologies that we're talking about is remarkably simple. Evolution consists of a few simple steps. You create genetic variability. You interrogate that variability to understand what works and what doesn't work. And then you propagate the stuff that works. Now, natural evolution is this incredible process, but there are fundamentally two problems with it. The first is it's super slow. It's taking time to get here, right? And the second issue is the solutions that it creates, they're far from optimal. It's like a local optimization routine.  It's not optimal. Right, right. So the beauty of synthetic biology is it enables you to explore that potential sequence space without being tied down with the limitations. So we create trillions of unique variants of genetic designs, screen them in parallel, so you're empirically working out what work and what doesn't work. And the beauty of applying artificial intelligence to that problem is that you can actually learn that stuff so that when you create another trillion unique DNA sequences, you're picking out the stuff that works from the get-go, and that enables you to really accelerate that evolutionary process. And so suddenly you can start engineering biology right down at the nanoscale, and then you can look around yourself and you can say, what would the world look like if you could build with nanoscale components? And that fundamentally changes the way we interact with the world. Yeah, I think this search space idea is incredibly powerful, and for those of us who are machine learning enthusiasts, it's also exemplified by AlphaGo, where the best player in the world is actually just a local optimum in our actual knowledge of the ability to play go, and many of the themes that you're describing are actually very similar, where you no longer have to have rules about the world, but you're instead learning the rules automatically from data by just abstracting away a lot of this complexity. So even Mika Hakkinen is sort of a locally optimal F1 driver. He could be. We could probably evolve a far better one. That's our next project. But I just wanted to comment on sort of, I mean, James Nicely described sort of how the kind of engineering process that we're starting to apply in biology is actually quite different from the traditional approach to engineering, which is where you have some standardized components and you kind of rationally try to think about how to put them together in the best way. And it's very different from sort of taking millions of designs and then sort of throwing them into your sort of experiment and seeing what comes out and then using an algorithm which we actually, the internals of which we probably don't really even understand that sort of use these features that we can't sort of necessarily interpret very well to then analyze and then design the next experiment. So we're kind of decoupling quite a lot of our understanding of the process from the process itself. And I guess we have to get comfortable with that. And I guess I want to ask James, are you comfortable with that or how did you become comfortable with that? I think it's just like, that's probably at the heart of like how I like to think about the space in them and what drives me in the sense that right now we have to as humans understand the products that we build and that creates a fundamental barrier to the complexity of the stuff that we can create. So if we want to create stuff that is more complex than we could actually understand, which is I think an absolute necessity for our species, we have to embrace using these self-learning systems. Yeah, I mean, it's this interesting paradox that we impose like a higher rigor of explainability on things that we build versus ourselves in many ways. If you ask somebody about how the reason about that the fire in front of us is actually a fire, like at the biological level of how neurons fire, they're completely capable of doing that, but we're imposing that level of rigor oftentimes on machine systems. But I think towards your point, like you have to kind of liberate yourself outside of that bound to try and discover that new solution. So do you have some examples of what you might have discovered with your process by uniting this combination of biology plus physics to modify materials? Yeah, so we've actually deployed this technology across a whole range of different areas. So we've helped traditional biotechnology companies do what they're doing today, so engineer new biological molecules for therapeutic applications. And then we've actually started exploring some really interesting spaces, even outside traditional biology. So we'll work with material science companies and we'll say, what would you do if you could engineer matter at the nanoscale? And they get super excited by those kind of applications. So we've had a number of projects financed by the UK Ministry of Defense around making lighter body armor, novel attesives, novel nanocomposites. And these are areas that you wouldn't naturally associate with biology, but because biology gives you that control of the nanoscale, it's a really powerful tool in these spaces. I guess sort of to comment on some of the Helix nanowork, I mean, so to date our approach has been not quite as radically sort of high throughput and powerful as what James is describing, but what we've done is, one of the core problems we've been trying to solve is actually when we write DNA, how do we get it into the right place in the cell to actually do the job? So our DNA lives in the nucleus, but the nucleus is very well protected from all the viruses and other things that might try to get in there. So if you actually want to get some DNA in there to either edit the genome or to cure genetic disease, you have to overcome that barrier. So what we've done is we've sort of taken some inspiration from the millions of years of viral evolution where viruses have evolved sort of tricks to hack the nucleus, but then we've sort of thrown the virus itself away and engineered synthetic proteins and sort of synthetic cellular machinery that sort of mimics some of those things that the virus is doing, but in a way if the virus is a bird, we've been sort of trying to build an airplane, but as we are optimizing that, that system we're also moving away from that sort of designing by hand and having an algorithmic design that to generate sort of many possibilities, many variants of this system and then testing those to see what we get. So in a way we're sort of bootstrapping a system that then will enable us to better manipulate biology and sort of to improve itself better as well, but at the biological level. But by removing a lot of the downsides that have historically prevented those kinds of approaches that we're actually making into the clinic, right? That's right, that's right. So yeah, I mean, a lot of the traditional ways to treat genetic diseases involve infecting the patient with sort of the disabled virus essentially, but you can still have a very strong immune response against the virus. So as well as the virus has its natural limitations. So it can only bring in sort of a certain amount of DNA and we don't have that limitation. And so when you think about our ability to control and evolve new biological systems, do you think there's like some things that we should be allowed to do and some things that we shouldn't be allowed to do? We talked about the malaria mosquito as an example where it's obviously a bad thing that they exist and I think we would all agree that they shouldn't be here, but there's other situations where that might not be the case. And so how do you put in place paradigms that allow people to reason about what's okay and what's not? I mean, I guess the default assumption in biology is that whatever can happen will happen.  So I think what you're referring to, Nathan, is that there have been proposals to use a technology called a gene drive to actually eradicate malaria mosquitoes and people are already experimenting with this. So what this is about is so when in normal sexual reproduction, a new gene is only passed to basically on average, sort of one in four descendants if only one of the parents has it. But gene drive is sort of a new way to ensure that all of the descendants of the organism get that gene. And people have designed a kind of a suicide gene that makes malaria mosquito males infertile. And there are now experiments to sort of deploy this locally and it's been shown to spread through the population like wildfire, but the concern is what if that gene actually doesn't even remain restricted to that species but jumps to another species or mutates, which again, biology is very good at doing. Which has happened. Escaping the sort of evolutionary dead end. So the question is, are gene drives that potentially give us the ability to manipulate entire ecosystems, not just single organisms? How safe are they and what can we sort of put in place? I mean, I think it's quite telling that the inventor of the gene drive, Kevin S. Belt, actually in a recent New York Times article said that he actually has serious concerns about their use. Although he then also said that if he lived in Sub-Saharan Africa, then he'd probably be inclined to go for it. So it is a very tricky equation. I mean, on one hand, you have this sort of enormous potential to eradicate the carrier of one of the deadliest diseases in the world and on one hand, sort of the unforeseen consequences that that technology could have. So I don't think we're actually very good at balancing those kinds of trade-offs as a species. Do you disagree, James? Yeah, so what I think is interesting is really the power of biology is this double-edged sword, right, where you can take one copy of a single organism and maybe terraform a planet. Like, that's so powerful equally the same organism could maybe wipe out another species. So this is where biology differs from traditional tech. It's the emergent properties of these complex systems. It will make some A so powerful but B so difficult to predict an engineer. And it's that natural tension, which is like both the threat but also the opportunity. Well, like, how do you guys evaluate the adoption cycle for many of these technologies? You know, a recent one is a nature paper that shows that you can encode information into DNA. So instead of storing it in AWS and cold storage, you would instead write it in DNA and you'd have your image files, whatever, in a lab. And if you wanted to retrieve them, you could just sequence it, output binary bits, and then re-synthesize your image. And that sounds fantastic. And in a world where data is exploding everywhere, we need to discover new modalities to store it. But, you know, it strikes me as that the adoption curve is probably going to be a bit slow. So how do you guys actually reason that when you're considering, you know, what you should be working on as a business? Yeah, so I think that's a super interesting question. And the way that we kind of think around that is what's the long-term potential of the technology? And obviously that's infinite. But then how do you realize value in, you know, three, five, 10 years? I think the way we kind of look at that is there are markets and opportunities that we can target today and make a real impact in whilst we're building out a platform that will ultimately disrupt this much larger space. You know, I think that's really, really sort of a good way of putting it. And as it's actually in Silicon Valley, the sort of common recommendation for any pitch that you have the moonshot, but also the sort of practical near-term application. And our moonshot, obviously, is this sort of freeing us from the constraints of our natural genome. I mean, giving us the ability to insert into our bodies any gene we want that can prolong our lives, prevent disease, give us new abilities, sort of all kinds of beneficial things. But then the short-term opportunity is to take some rare genetic diseases like hemophilia, where those patients have a terrible quality of life, have to sort of take synthetic biologic drugs every other day. And if we can give them back the ability to produce the sort of missing blood clotting factors, for example, hemophilia, back to make those molecules in their own bodies, I mean, that's completely life-changing. So I think that's both from a human perspective and sort of a financial perspective, a great opportunity. Yeah, yeah. So on that note, gene synthesis, data storage, machine learning, engineering. It's going to label us to solve amazing problems and discover new solutions that we've never even imagined to exist. Super inspiring. James Hanyu, thank you so much. Real pleasure. Thanks, Nathan.