So, this talk is about the fact that people are growing their object stores, and I don't know if you saw HB's talk earlier this morning, but they're getting petabytes and petabytes of storage inside of their object stores, and now, from what we've seen, there's a strong demand to want to analyze the data and be able to make it active and be able to run all of your analytics jobs on the object store. So this is about saying how can Swift on file resolve these problems when you're using a Swift object store. So this is the team that's on, most of us is on the stage right now, and you can ask us questions afterwards as well, so we can't hide from you. All right, so the first myth that I think that a lot of people have when they want to run analytics is that when you want to run analytics on HDFS, for example, with Hadoop, you have to first create the data, and then you have to migrate it into HDFS, run your analytics, and possibly then migrate it out. So this is the first one that we want to show you that is not needed. Second, the second myth we want to sort of dispel is to say that Swift is only good in cases when you're not putting a high ILOAD on the system. So in systems like Spark, you are basically doing an ingest of the data, and then you're running everything in memory, so you're not putting a high ILOAD after that. So we don't believe that's the case either. Third one, so Swift semantics and analytics semantics on HDFS are different. For example, HDFS supports appending to a file. So some people believe then that the two are incompatible and they won't work together, and so that's another one. We're going to dispel, and finally there's also a belief that then, okay, so we have connectors into Swift. We can run jobs on top of our analytics store, but the performance may suffer because of that due to a variety of reasons that we can go over later or afterwards, and there's not really a lot of time to go through now. But there's generally a lot of reasons because Swift architecture and the HDFS architecture and generally object architectures and HDFS architectures are just different in how they operate. So knowing that these are the ones that we're set out here to dispel with the open source Swift on file project, we believe that we can debunk many of these myths. So let's start off with a demo that we'll show it. This is the time, right? What screen is that? It's okay, it's okay. As Dean mentioned, so we would like to demonstrate how we can access data or do analytics. So what will our demo application do? It will create recommendations for stock purchases based on the sentiment of Twitter messages. How does that work? Each tweet is labeled either positive, neutral, or negative. And at that point we already would like to say that this is really a demo application and you will also see demo data. So actually what will we show? By using a unified file and object big data solution, we will demonstrate that running analytics on data that was injected or retrieved as an object store does not mean that you have to move any data or even have to copy it. So we will show on a first step that we upload the data using the Swift object API. On a second step, we will execute analytics on the uploaded object without moving the data and without copying it. But using the native file access. And the third step will be that we immediately access the results. Again, through the Swift object API. The demo was prepared by Ruri, who's also in the audience today. So let's have a short look at our demo environment. We are using a set of Swift proxy nodes, which have the Swift on file configured to use the scale out file system. Additionally, we have a Hadoop environment set up. And this one is also configured to use the same scale out file system as our Swift environment. So let's go to the first step. We upload data using the Swift object API. And we are going to do that by using the horizon dashboard. You can see the containers we created. We use the Twitter analytics folder and we upload an object. To make it easier for the demonstration, we pre-computed an object file in a production environment. Of course, that would be done automatically. So the data would be ingested automatically by, let's say, an RSS feed of Twitter messages. So the upload was finished. And as we form a set, we configured the Swift on file to access the scale out file system. So that means we can see our data directly without any calculations on how to find it on the file system. You can see on the pass till the SOF, that's our base pass, followed by the tenant ID and the prefix out and our Twitter analytics folder. And if you look into it, here's our object file, which we just uploaded. So next step then would be to really run our analytics application on the just uploaded data. We're going to use big insights. That's IBM's distribution of Hadoop. On the applications tab, we select the Hive query. I'm going to use a query that I used in the past by selecting it down there. That's how the query looks like. So what does it do? It selects the stocks with the most positive sentiment and groups them into a portfolio with a member of four. So down there, you can see it's running. Let's have a detailed look on the jobs that are created. I fastened this a bit to save some time for the demo. And now finally, all the jobs are done. So actually, what happened in the background? We ingested the data by using the object interface. Our Hadoop environment was able to access the data on the scale out file system directly. It ran the analytics on it, and it directly stored the results back into our scale out file system. That means we should be able to see it here. Let's change into the Twitter output folder. This is the content. And here it is. The portfolio.HML file is our result file that was created. But what we actually want to do is we want to see it on our Swift Object API. So we go back into our Horizon dashboard. We select the Twitter output folder, as we just did also on the command line. And here it is. You see our portfolio.HML file. Let's download it and view it. Here are the results. And again, don't say IBM or Red Hat asked you to buy this. This is sample data. Don't use it as a basis for any investment decisions. That's about the demo. So actually, what happened? What made the difference? Dean will take over. Thanks, Simon. So I think I wanted to re-emphasize there that this was standard open source Swift and standard Hadoop, although we do have packaging around them. But there's nothing fancy inside the distributions there. So what happened? So some people we thought might not be as familiar in this crowd with Hadoop and how the architecture works. So let me take you through on how we've changed the architecture and what you might normally think as the standard way of using Hadoop and all the other Apache projects. So what we have is, again, a series of HDFS servers with all of the data and then all of your analytics applications at the top that you can use that all leverage the Hadoop file system API down below. So in this environment, again, to reiterate what I said before, a lot of times you're generating the data in one system, ingesting it into your analytics system. So creating another copy of the data, analyzing the data, creating yet another copy of the now result set and then having to ingest that out just. But anyways, to copy that data out of the cluster into another thing. So you're creating up to several copies of your data along the process. And the goal is to simplify that process. So the first thing we did then is replace the bottom layer with a scale out file system where instead of having standard HDFS, we're installing connectors. And in this case, either the GlusterFS connector or the IBM spectrum scale connector to be able to add your analytics job on the file system. So the key point there is that we've changed the lower, initially we changed the lower level part of the architecture. Second then, we've added in the Swift code stack on top of the scale out file system. So now we have the Hadoop stack as well as the Swift stack sitting on top of the scale out file system. So the key element here is that you have what's called the Paco deployment, but with the proxy and object servers sitting on the nodes and accessing the lower level scale out file system. And now the last aspect in the change in the system to make all of this work in what Simon displayed was the Swift on file policy. And so Luis is gonna get more into that on how we then use the Swift on file policy inside a standard Swift to enable access to the scale out file system. Thank you. So you're probably wondering what is Swift on file then? Swift on file is a storage policy that has been available in OpenStack since June release. And what it does is it allows objects to be stored on scale out file systems as long as it supports the POSIX interface. What that does is that it allows objects or files to be accessed as objects and objects to be accessed as files, vice versa. And what it does exactly is that it takes a URL that is used to place an object into Swift and maps it directly on the file system. So if you're not familiar with storage policies, storage policies what they are is a technology that has been available in OpenStack Swift since June release. And what they do is that it allows administrators to have different types of policies for their data. For example, they could have a policy where containers that want two times replication or three times a replication or for example, they want higher performance in some containers with SSDs and some with low performance for example on SAS or SATA drives. So they're able to take their data and segregate it in the way that they want. It also allows for different types of storage systems to plug in to Swift. And on this example, what we have here is Swift and file plugged into an existing cluster, a 16 Swift cluster, plugging in just a cluster file system. So normally Swift, when you ingest an object, you ingest it with a very nice looking URL that everybody can read. And it then mangles it into a hash and uses a timestamp to actually place it once it's placed on the local file system. So that's kind of hard to read if you're gonna go through the file system and looking around for your data. But so what Swift and file it does is it takes that object and very simply just copies verbatim and it creates the appropriate directories and places that data on your file system. So now you're probably thinking, okay, so how does Swift and file does replication and keep my data safe and things like that? Well, Swift and file doesn't do any of that. It passes that on to the cluster file system and it leverages that technology of those file systems to keep your data safe. Okay, thanks, Luis. All right, so let's go back and see how we did against the myths. The first myth was that data must migrate in order to run analytics, we must migrate data from the object store to HDFS. The reality is with this architecture, we analyze data in place. The next myth is object stores should only be used within memory analytics, things like Spark. Again, busted. We support the entire Apache analytics ecosystem with high performance with this architecture. Third, object stores can't efficiently support all of the Hadoop analytics ecosystem because of the way that you would access data through the HTTP REST interface. Again, busted. We support all POSIX operations, including operations like Append. Finally, the myth is that object stores are slow for analytics and we trimmed some time out in the demo, but the reality is that with this architecture, we have much better performance and again, a lot of that's just by virtue of not having to move the data to do the analytics. By not copying, getting the data in place, we significantly can speed things up. Okay, so that's settled. Now, the next question is with this architecture, are there other use cases that are interesting, are there use cases that make sense? And I'll present a couple here. The first one is kind of a scientific collaboration, scientific analysis use case, and the idea is that there are customers who have invested a lot in file-based analytic applications. And they're generating lots of data, petabytes of data, counting on the data. When they're finished, they wanna be able to publish that. So again, with this architecture using Swift on File, they can run their applications, publish the results into the scale out file system, and then with the object interface, be able to selectively say which of that data, all of it or parts of it that they wanna publish and make available through the Swift interface. So this is nice because it instantly becomes available worldwide. I don't have to worry about giving people NFS shares or something like that. I've got the Swift interface for getting to the data. I've got Keystone or other authentication mechanisms for making sure the people I want to get the data are the ones who actually do. So it's a very nice combination for making this possible. The next use case is really allowing editing in place, allowing processing in place, again, of file-based applications. And in this case, video transcoding is an example that Luis has talked about in the past. You've got images, whether it's a video that you took on your phone or pictures or like they presented this morning in the keynote, the video from the TV show you're producing. You've got the data in Swift. You wanna make it available for processing without moving it. With the Swift on File architecture, you can have that data be available with your editing applications, make your edits. And then when you're done, say, I'm ready to publish and the data, again, is published or available through the Swift interface. So that wraps up a couple other use cases where this applies. Some of the future things that we're looking at doing, first of all, the Swift on File project is a Stackforge project that Red Hat, IBM and a few other vendors have been participating on. But it's something that we're putting together plans that we wanna do over the next year. There's a couple different things that are Swift on File based. There's also things that are part of the core Swift community. First of all, the single proxy object process trying to optimize the communications when we have the proxy server and object server on the same node. If there's ways we can optimize that by having it run in the same process and not having to do HTTP communication between those two processes, we feel that'll really speed things up. So that's a big part of the next step forward. Also within course with, there's a number of cases where data is copied with the Swift on File architecture and an underlying clustered file system, we can do things like just moving the data from one directory to another as opposed to trying to transport it from an object server on one node to an object server on another node. So trying to get as much optimization in that architecture is the next thing. Then the other parts, the last two are really trying to get equivalents with traditional Swift. So there's features like multi-region. Right now in Swift on File, we just don't support that. What we wanna look at is what it would take to provide that same functionality in the Swift on File architecture. So in summary, the architecture we demonstrated today provides you with a way to get insights into your data, to use the data that you have in your Swift object store more quickly. And the way we do that is by no longer copying data unnecessarily and providing high-performance analytics and also the architecture allows you to leverage the entire Apache analytics ecosystem. Any questions? Yes, can you speak into the mic please? Hi, this is Vishnu from NetApp. So just some context on my question first. Generally, Swift is eventually consistent and that kind of gets in the way of Hadoop. And also in terms of just how it drives low cost, right? We generally tend to use J-Bard trying to get Azure coding and policy management. If I understand what you're saying here, you're saying we take a clustered file system and you get all the benefits of that through Hadoop and everything else and the data protection and all of that standard stuff. And then you overlay an object access via Swift. So you give up the Azure coding of Swift. You give up the policy management of Swift. You get the get and the put on the object side and then all the clustered file system value and all the apps and the ecosystem that runs with the clustered file system. Just to make sure I understand what you're saying. That's what you're proposing. Yes, it's not just the get and the put. You gotta remember that too, that it's under Swift. So you get the entire middleware ecosystem that Swift provides also through the pipeline. So I get the WSGI pipeline, which means I can do a sender backup for example or something like that. If you wrote the middleware for that, yeah. Right, okay. So are you guys seeing a lot of this use case? I mean, are you guys seeing a lot of people saying they want a clustered file system and then they want a pack coincidence that's just giving object. Yes. It all started actually, if we can talk about Swift on file history a little bit, is that it all started back about maybe three years ago where the project actually was called Gluster Swift. And we wanted a method to, Gluster FS I don't know if you know, it's a scale of file system. It has many methods of accessing data and they wanted an object method to access the data. So we went ahead and started creating our own method of plugging into Swift, but it was not a really a community friendly way to do it. So instead what we did was we stopped working on Gluster Swift instead called that Swift on file because it doesn't really do anything Gluster FS specific. It only talks to a POSIX file system. And then we started working with the community on trying to get methods of being able to extend that technology into Swift itself so we can start making Swift a pluggable architecture. And a follow-up question, have you guys compared especially with regards to Amazon's EMR FS really three ways to do it, right? You could do EMR FS, you could do S3A, you could do S3N as traditional file systems on Swift and do analytics on that, right? So you could take Swift and you could run with the Swift 3, you could run S3N, S3A or EMR FS. Have you guys considered running that on Swift? You mean a POSIX is on top of Swift? Yes. No, we have not considered that because that brings a lot of other questions. Okay, all right, thanks. So I'm with Rata too, Christian. Shweta with my name. I have a question or it goes in the same direction. Are there actually any plans to do like storage policy migrations and to add them because especially when you're working in the scientific area, your data is hot after some time after you do some computation on the data but weeks or even months later, it becomes more cold and cold. And maybe it makes sense to add storage policy migrations that you migrate data out from the scale of file system to some erasure coded storage policy or even lower like to the, to two tapes. I know. Back to Swift. Back to Swift. Yeah. To native Swift or upstream Swift. Are there any plans for that for storage policy migrations? We're not good. Oh, I was gonna say that because now with Swift on file, all of the data protection and data management is being delegated to the scale of file system. In many ways, the capabilities of the scale of file system now determine how you would achieve such things. So for example, with spectrum scale, we can tear between different types of storage and even push out to tape if needed. So it's sort of delegated to that point. Now it's an interesting point about how would you use and do Swift policies at that level to do the same. So you would use something like HSM on the scale of file system? You could. If you wanted to do migration of data between policies, then that's something that we will work with the Swift community and try to figure out how to do it from the Swift level or the proxy level. All right. Thanks. So some questions on more the implementation side of Swift on file. Yeah. How do you take care of the difference between, the semantic difference between Swift and Pulsex? For example, how do you implement things like marker and prefix when you do listing? And for example, when the file is written by Hadoop, how do you maintain all the e-text for the metadata? OK, so listings are a little bit something you have to play around with because when you do a find command on the file system, it could take a long time. Yeah, exactly. So we have to be very careful when we do listings on large containers in the file system. So we try to recommend different methods of doing that with the customer. So I don't know, so if you guys don't use the containers. On our side, we use standard container mechanisms. So then you can use that in objects. I think the default, correct me if I'm wrong, Bill, is that as you access files via the Swift API, they get added into the container. And so a dynamic basis. But it's interesting to think about how you mix the two and what type of semantics you want. The other part of that, and this is what we did for the demo, is there can be an updater process similar to other updaters in Swift that's looking at the containers. And as it finds new entries, we'll automatically do the update to get those into the container database and generate the object metadata at the same time. And I think there's a person right over there, Prashanth. He can raise your hand. He's working on that. Some questions regarding the performance. After replacing the HDFS with the scale file system, have you measured the performance compared to the native HDFS architecture? I have not. So in our system, what we've seen is that the performance tends to relate to basically the hardware that you're using. So if you look in at standard HDFS with however hardware is configured, and then in our case anyways, the file system can achieve the same level of performance given the same level of hard drive, our same level of hardware, because effectively, the hardware becomes the limiting factor in these types of deployments. So what are you saying, if it's the same hardware, then the performance should be relatively the same? Right, exactly. You're basically saturating the disks. You're saturating the CPU, or wherever the bottlenecks are, they continue to be the same in the other architecture. Now the difference being, I would say, that in many scale file systems, they provide a different type of architectures than simply what HDFS provides. So HDFS provides storage risk servers, scale out, we can provide that as well, but in addition, we can provide much more of a client server architecture where you're doing a scale out storage system with a scale out set of clients. So more of a two tier architecture and how you can access your data. So how the performance relates to a lot about how you configure the system. Thank you. Any other questions? How do you model your data injection now to be able to get an HDFS or cluster, or what's the, how do you get more data into the scale out of the system if you're going to have HDFS in that model? Sorry, are you saying how does the application generate the data, or if it's sitting somewhere else, how do you migrate it into the system? I'm just so sure. Maybe we could try to take that offline and see more about that. Yeah. Any other questions? All right. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Yeah, thank you. You guys, good job. Oops, sorry.


Now ABC 6 News at 6 on your side I want everybody to watch the blue line is today Tuesday. Yes ABC 6 is on your side with an exclusive look into the science of detecting lies They say eyes are the window to the soul and one technology company believes They're also the most efficient way to tell if a person is lying Gabby Hart taking a look now at this new technology that claims to see your lies a New form of lie detection claims it can see the truth. There are markers in the eyes that are able to Accurately determine if an individual is being deceptive Neil Harris is the vice president of Converis the company that created this new Technology called eye detect it uses only the eyes to determine if a person is lying when a human being is being deceptive That there are these micro dilations of the pupils. It's the extra mental energy that It takes to be deceptive eye detect has been in the work since 2003 only taking 30 minutes to complete this new testing Technology could be faster and more efficient than the old-school Polograph its creators argue that eye detect may have the edge because it isn't influenced by any human bias So by re-moving the human element We believe we can make the assessment of credibility far more forensic in nature Ron slay is a security consultant who administers polygraph exams He says in his 40 years of experience He's seen all forms of deception and he thinks it takes more than a computer system and answering a few questions to detect A lie you can't automate to him in mind We wanted to put both methods to the test So I sat down to see which machine would best read my line. I'm in the hot seat first We put the standard polygraph to the test slay asked me two questions that were simple enough to answer honestly No, I want everybody to watch the blue line is today Tuesday Yes, but before he even finished asking me the third question at work Did you ever look at a boss with sincere eyes? When you knew the reaction is already over it took off and it's barely coming back again Then we tested eye detect Harris had me write down a number between two and eight and then hide it I chose the number seven the examiner told me to lie about my number to the machine But to tell the truth on all the other questions as the eye detect system calibrated my eyes and then monitored my pupil dilation I did not choose the number seven eight was not the number that I picked look at the spike on the seven Save to say that I got caught lying or preparing to lie on both tests But slay says it can sometimes be harder to catch the people you want to catch because they have their own truths They're not really answering your questions at all They're answering what they perceive to be your question slay and Harris agree that both eye detect and polygraphs can get it wrong sometimes There will be some false positives and false negatives with I detect as it exists today But Harris says the beauty of computer algorithms is that they get smarter over time. I trust computers and algorithms Far more than I would Another human being still the polygraph remains a powerful detection tool not likely to be replaced anytime soon I think it's the age-old argument of man against the machine big-time technology company Apple has taken notice of eye detect Apple purchased the sensor technology that's used to calibrate and read the eyes Does this mean our iPhones could eventually become handheld lie detectors Harris says only time will tell I'm Gabby Hart reporting Alright well I detect hopes that the new technology will have a positive impact on society and give law enforcers another tool to help achieve justice


Let's begin reading at verse 17, and we'll read to verse 17 and get into our study. The writer writes, Obey those who rule over you, and be submissive, for they watch out for your souls as those who must give account. Let them do so with joy and not with grief, for that would be unprofitable for you. Now the writer of Hebrews has already begun to approach this subject.  So he's already begun writing concerning this particular subject, and now he turns to the topic of giving honor to spiritual leaders. Interestingly enough, chapter 13 contains three verses that speak on the leadership in the church. Read verse 7 a moment ago, verse 17, and then verse 24, all speak concerning leaders and all, and so that's a very important subject here in chapter 13. It's interesting though how he puts it, because in verse 17 he says to us, to obey those who rule over you. What an interesting word to use, rule. That means to lead or even to command, and it speaks specifically of leadership in the church. Now sometimes when we hear the word rule, somebody is ruling over something or somebody else, we may begin to think of a king or a tyrant, somebody who is lording it over, we get an image of somebody who pushes people around, but that's not the picture of leadership that the writer would have us to have. You see leadership in the kingdom of God is actually built on an upside down pyramid. In the kingdom of God, leaders are actually simply servants. Jesus was speaking about that in Matthew chapter 20 in verses 25 through 28. In that passage, Jesus called his apostles to himself and he said this to him, he said, you know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them and those who are great exercise authority over them, yet it shall not be so among you, but whoever desires to become great among you, let him be your servant.  Leadership in the body of Christ is not tyranny, it's not being a dictator, it's not ruling over in a lording kind of way, it's actually serving the body of Christ. Now that's something that the apostle Peter learned as he was growing in his ministry and all, and I'd like you to turn with me for a moment to see what he wrote concerning that, it's found in 1 Peter chapter 5. So if you please would turn with me to 1 Peter chapter 5, I want to show you something there and found in verses 1 through 3 to illustrate this as I'm laying a foundation for leadership in the church and what it means to be a biblical ruler or a biblical leader. Because Peter learned something about that as a believer and all that, he communicated in 1 Peter in chapter 5. In verses 1 through 3 of 1 Peter chapter 5, Peter wrote, The elders who are among you, I exhort, I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ and also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed. Now he gives him orders, he says shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers not by constraint but willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly, nor as being lords over those who are entrusted to you but being examples to the flock. And so he spoke concerning that and I want you to notice that Peter said that the rulers or the leaders are to shepherd the flock of God, he says which is among you, serving as overseers. When he speaks to them in verse 2 and says shepherd the flock of God, that word shepherd means to tenderly care for. The word shepherd is also used to speak of a pastor and he's saying tenderly care for the flock of God which is among you. So to be shepherding speaks of loving, speaks of feeding, it speaks of caring for and leading, it speaks of protecting and sacrificing for. And what he's speaking about when he speaks of the flock of God is he's saying one, the sheep belong to the Lord and two, they should be gently, lovingly cared for. There to be cared for with a loving attitude. Notice he says not by constraint. When he speaks of constraint there, that reveals spiritual immaturity. Constraint speaks of it being a job or some grievous task. And he's saying you're not to serve in that way, he said to these leaders, you're not to have this attitude that you have to do it. You're not to have this attitude that I don't want to do it, but I've got to do it, somebody has to do it. You're to do it willingly out of love. I heard about this guy who was in bed on a Sunday morning and his mom walked into the room and said to him, son, you have to get up and get to church. And he says, I'm not going.  He says, I don't want to go. She says, son, get up and get to church. You have to get to church. It's Sunday morning. He says, I'm not going to go to church. I don't want to go to church. And she says, well, why not? He says, I just don't like it. I don't like the church. I don't like the people there. Mom, they're mean. They gossip, they tear me up, they're just, they're not kind. You know, I just don't want to go to that church. I can't stand going to that church. Give me one good reason why I should go to church today. She says, I'll give you two. One, son, we're Christians. This is a Christian home. We've always gone to church on Sunday. And two, you're the pastor. You have to go. You know, sometimes we can do things out of constraint and even leaders can. And Peter said, you're not to do it that way. The reason you shepherd the flock of God is because it belongs to him. And you have been given the privilege of serving the Lord as you serve them. And you ought to do that with love for God and love for them. It's interesting how in the Old Testament book of Jeremiah chapter 3 verse 15, God gave a promise to the nation of Israel that you could apply spiritually to the body of Christ when it comes to pastors and shepherds. In Jeremiah chapter 3 verse 15, God said, I will give you shepherds after my own heart who will lead you with knowledge and understanding. I'm going to give to you shepherds who follow after me, who are after my own heart.  And what is God's heart towards the nation of Israel? It's a heart of love and compassion. It's not a mercy and concern. I'm going to give you shepherds after my own heart. And they're going to lead you. They're going to lead you with understanding. They're going to lead you with knowledge. I'm giving you shepherds after my own heart because they have a relationship with me and they know me. They're not going to be false shepherds who really have no relationship with God, who just speak about a God that other people believe in. He says, I'm going to give you people who have an experiential knowledge of me. Shepherds who have a relationship with me. Shepherds who are after my heart, who long for the things that I long for, who desire the things that I desire. And I'm going to have these shepherds over you because they're going to care for you with knowledge and understanding. They're going to be skillful in the way that they do so because they're going to gain their skills as they spend their time with me. And so a shepherd is to care for the flock of God as an overseer. And not with restraint, as Peter says, but willingly. Not for dishonest gain, he says, but eagerly. A minister never serves the Lord for finances. A minister serves the Lord because he must serve the Lord. There's this desire within that person and all they want to do is serve the Lord. I got saved, went into the military three months later, began to make some friends in the army, had a friend by the name of Danny Rendon. Danny was from Baytown, Texas. It's an oil town. And a very solid Christian young man and was a very good example to me and an encouragement to me in my early walk with the Lord. Danny got me involved with memorization of Scripture. He was involved with a group called the Navigators. And he and I would go to Saturday meetings with the Navigators and played on intramural football teams and all with them. And just had a great time in the military and spent a good year becoming very close friends with Danny. And at one point I was speaking to him and I said to Danny, when you go home, when you get out, what are you going to do? He says, I'm going to go back to work in the oil fields. And I said, you're going to what? He said, I'm going to go back and work in the oil fields. He says, Baytown, Texas is an oil field town. He says, and I have a job waiting for me, so when I get out of the army, I'm going to go back to work in the fields. And I said, why, Danny? Why are you going to do that? You're obviously a man who loves the Lord and you love his word and you've been a great example to me. Why aren't you going to be a pastor? And he says, because I'm not called to be a pastor. And I looked at him and I thought, you got to be kidding me. I thought everybody who was saved ought to be a pastor. I thought that was the call for every person. You see, because I've been asked in the past, when did you know you were called to be a pastor teacher? And the answer has always been basically the same. The day I got saved. The day I got saved. I got saved December 27th, 1970. And when I got saved, the only thing I could imagine doing for the rest of my life was talking about the Lord Jesus Christ. I wanted to tell people about him. Within two or three weeks, I started to have in Bible studies at my house.  I'd memorize his study and then I'd bring him over and just basically parrot what he had just said a couple days before. I didn't know how to study. I didn't know anything. I had no business trying to teach the Word of God. But I had this desire for people to know Jesus Christ. I wanted them to know His Word. And that's how it began in my life very early on. It's that desire to do that. And sometimes people in this fellowship are wondering, am I called to be a pastor teacher? Am I called to be a minister? Well, Spurgeon said it well when he said to his students, if you can do anything else, by all means do it. Because a person who is called by God does not serve the Lord out of constraint but willingly. They do it because they can't imagine themselves doing anything else. They couldn't see themselves doing anything else. And ministry is not an easy life. I mean, sometimes people think, man, you took the easy way out. Now, ministry is not an easy life. It's a very difficult one in a variety of ways. And you can get to that point where you start saying, I don't know if it's worth it. I don't know. But if there's anything else you can do, you ought to do that. And so for me, I do it willingly. Even as he says, shepherd the flock of God, which is among you serving as overseers, not by constraint but willingly. Not for dishonest gain but eagerly. He doesn't serve the Lord for finances. He does it because he has to serve the Lord. The genuine shepherd isn't for sale. He's not a hireling. He's a servant. I had a lady when I was an assisting pastor and another fellowship many years ago approached me. And she was a very wealthy woman, lived up in Claremont in the hills of Claremont in a very exclusive area and was a very wealthy woman. And she approached me. I used to do a variety of ministries at this church, including high school ministry. And I remember her approach to me on one occasion and she said, you know, you need to start a high school study for the kids because they need it. And I said, I realize that they do, I definitely do. She says, well, if you don't start one, then we're gonna have to leave. And I smiled at her and I said, we'll miss you because I don't do things just because somebody tells me I'm supposed to do it. I do things because the Holy Spirit says to do it. That's the best way to do ministry, you see. It's by the leading of the Holy Spirit. And you're not a hireling. You know, in essence, what she was saying is, you know, we were in a small fellowship of 150 people and she was a wealthy person who was giving, I guess, generous gifts to the church. And in essence was making it clear that she's gonna remove her tithe if I don't do what she says. You know what, I don't trust it, man. I trust in God. God has an ability of providing. And when you come in and you start, you know, making comments like that, then you need to get your heart right with the Lord. You can't be doing that. And yet there are some people who say, oh my goodness, we're gonna lose out on the tithe. Okay, then high school ministry it is. Well, that's not how you minister. That's not what you're called to do. You don't take the word of God and change it. You don't take the word of God and adjust it to the hearer. You don't allow people to pressure you. In 2 Corinthians chapter two, verse 17, Paul said it like this. He said, unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. On the contrary, in Christ, we speak before God with sincerity, like men sent by God. And so a minister is one who does it willingly. As a person who doesn't do it for dishonest gain. And then finally, Peter points out in verse three, nor is being lured over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. So God entrusts shepherds with the care of his sheep. And because he entrusts the shepherds with the care of his sheep, they are not to lord it over. They are not to bully. They're not to manhandle or hurt the sheep. In 3 John, there's an interesting portion of scripture there in 3 John verses nine and 10. John the Apostles writing there concerning a man in the church who was an elder whose name was Diotrophes. And as he's writing there, he says in 3 John verses nine and 10, I wrote to the church, but Diotrophes, who loves to have the preeminence among them, does not receive us. Therefore if I come, I will call to mind his deeds that he does, prading against us with malicious words. And not content with that, he himself does not receive the brethren, but forbids those who wish to, putting them out of the church. You see, this man, Diotrophes, was rejecting the leadership of the apostle John and was speaking malicious words, nonsensical charges against him and is a good example of somebody who is lording it over the flock. So a pastor teacher is to serve. He's to shepherd. He's to serve, not by constraint, but willingly, not for money, but eagerly and not lording it over the flock that has been entrusted to them, but by being examples to the flock. Their lives are to be models of integrity and models of soundness. They're examples to the flock. So the body of Christ is to look to the elders to set the tone, to be models of godliness. I've said this in pastors' conferences before and it's not always a popular thing when I say it, but I mean it sincerely when I speak to fellow pastors and I say to them, remember who you are. Remember what your ministry is. Remember what God has called you to be. You are pastors over the church. You are there to model for them the love of Christ and to be an example of a godly individual and always remember that what you are speaks so loudly that people will not hear a word that you say because many a good message has been undermined by a poorly lived life. And so ministers are to be examples of what God does in a person's life so that like Paul could say, imitate me as I imitate Christ. Like Paul could teach us the things that he has taught, the things that they have watched him do are the things that they ought to learn themselves in order that they might grow in the things of the Lord. And so he's saying that we are to be examples in Titus chapter two, verses seven and eight. He said to Titus, and everything set them an example by doing what is good in your teaching, show integrity, seriousness, soundness of speech that cannot be condemned so that those who oppose you may be ashamed because they have nothing bad to say about us. When our church first began, we were meeting in a small building on Vine Street in the city of Ontario. We'd probably been going for about three or four months at the time. And most of you probably don't know this, but before we became Calvary Chapel Chino Valley, we for many years were Calvary Chapel Ontario. We began as Calvary Chapel Ontario and continued until 1992. And then when we moved over here, we changed our name to Calvary Chapel Chino Valley. And so for many years, we served in the city of Ontario, but we weren't the first Calvary Chapel in Ontario. There was another Calvary Chapel that had existed prior to us planting our church and was there for somewhere around a year and all in. And the pastor had left and left the ministry in the hands of somebody else and then it ultimately folded. Well, now Calvary Chapel Ontario has begun and one of the original pastors, the one who was the second pastor in the Calvary Ontario that had first been affiliated as a Calvary Chapel came to visit. And after I gave a message, I stepped off the platform and there he was to talk to me at the bottom of the platform and we began to speak for just a moment and I'll never forget how he looked at me and he said, interesting Bible study. He goes, you're pretty serious, aren't you? And I smiled at him and I said, well, the gospel is pretty serious. You know, I feel very strongly about being careful how we teach and how we model and what we have to say and all of that, not simply because that's just part of the way that David Rosales is, but because that's what scripture teaches. Because if I want to be an influence in somebody's life, I need to live the message out myself. And that's what he's speaking about when Peter says, do it to be an example. Now moving on back to Hebrews chapter 13 verse 17 and continuing, that's basically your introduction. The writer says, obey those who rule over you and be submissive for they watch out for your souls as those who must give account. Let them do so with joy and not with grief for that would be unprofitable for you. Now it's interesting how he begins by saying obey. The word obey is an interesting word. It means to yield to or comply with. It speaks of trusting or having confidence in. To obey speaks of listening with the attitude of doing. And so it's not enough for me to hear a Bible study. I am to hear the Bible study with an attitude of obeying what I hear. I'm not, in other words, to accumulate information. I'm to have transformation take place in my life through obedience to God's word. And so obedience is the standard of behavior expected for every Christian. In the church, God has established leadership and he does so through the elders. And the elders responsibility is disheppard even as we saw a moment ago how the apostle Peter had pointed that out. In Acts chapter 20 verse 28, Paul said it this way. He said, keep watch over yourselves and all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God which he bought with his own blood. And so elders have a responsibility of leading the body of Christ and those within the body of Christ have a responsibility of being obedient to the teachings they receive. Now remember in verse nine here in chapter 13, remember how he had said, do not be carried about with various and strange doctrines? Well, that was a word of authority that he was giving. He was concerned with the spiritual welfare of the believers. And so as he's giving them this command to not be carried about with various and strange doctrines, he's actually evidencing spiritual authority, the authority to give an order. And he gives them orders because as a leader in the body of Christ, God gave to him spiritual authority. Remember Ephesians 411, how the Bible says he gave some to be apostles, prophets, some to be evangelists and some pastors and teachers. So God is the one who gives the church with church leadership. And so the church leadership has a responsibility of shepherding and loving and caring for the body of Christ as a responsibility of obeying God's word. And so the writer's authority is recognized and he writes with some awareness of authority and he calls the readers to recognize the authority God has given to the leaders in the church. Now, I need to hasten to add this. They're not to follow those with self-imposed authority. They're not to follow those who are lording it over them. Those who have basically set themselves up. They already have had a test. And I think I pointed this out to you when we're in verse seven. They already have something that the leaders are supposed to be doing that they should be looking at. Remember how I had pointed out in verse seven, how we had said, remember those who rule over you, who've spoken the word of God to you, whose faith follow considering the outcome of their conduct. He said, if you're gonna be following the leaders then make sure that they pass this test, that there is faithful preaching and teaching of God's word, that there's a faithful living out of the teaching and that there's a fruit that evidence is growing maturity and a faith worth following. These are the kinds of leaders that you are to respect and obey. You're to follow those who willingly lead with humility and love as examples of the flock of God. And leaders who are carefully following the Lord, I think are worthy of imitation. And there are people in my life that I as a pastor do look to as men who model for me. Obviously, the most important spiritual leader that I have is my own pastor. Pastor Chuck. And I watch the way that he leads and I watch the way that he reacts to circumstances and all and over the years I've grown to know him. He celebrated his 80th birthday and some of us were asked to do a little video kind of greeting to him and to Kay who both were celebrating their 80th birthday in June. And so we went to Costa Mesa on a Sunday night to celebrate with Pastor Chuck and Kay their 80th birthday. And I did a video greeting. Marie greeted Kay and I greeted Pastor Chuck and they played it in the church service that evening. We happened to be in that service. And in it, I said, you know, Pastor, I said, just wanted to wish you a happy birthday.  And it made the congregation kind of laugh because they're celebrating his 80th birthday. But in my life, Pastor Chuck has been a very important, important part for many, many years, for many years. And so I look at him as an example, as somebody who lives out the messages that God has given to him. And I see others like that. I have friends that are godly men whom I will look at and I will see the way they respond to certain things and how they deal with certain trials and all. And I use them as examples. So leaders who are carefully following the Lord are worthy of imitation. Philippians chapter three, verse 17. Paul says, brethren, join in following my example and note those who so walk as you have us for a pattern. Now, why are they to obey their leaders? Because their leaders are leading that fellowship and ultimately are accountable to God. Now, there are basically two reasons for them to be obedient to leadership. First, notice with me, he says that leaders watch over their souls. When he says they watch over their souls, leaders exercise spiritual oversight. Watching over literally speaks of being sleepless, being kept awake. It means to be attentive and at the ready. Leadership literally loses sleep over them because the concern for them is that great. That's the truth. I have had on more than one occasion, as a pastor of this fellowship, on more than one occasion spent the night at a hospital with somebody who's there who's gravely ill and all and that's what leaders do. That's just basically what we do. I remember as a young pastor, our church was less than a year old and we had a lady in our fellowship and her husband and this was about 25 years ago. Her husband's name was George and I was in my front yard on one occasion working and on the yard and George came driving down my street and I still remember this and he sees me and he pulls over and climbs out of his car and walks up and you need to remember that. At that time, our church maybe numbered a couple of hundred people and all and so I knew pretty much everybody and so George comes walking up to me as I was doing some work and he said something I've never forgotten. He said to me, you know, Pastor David, I wanted to tell you something. He said, do you know how you mentioned Pastor Chuck that you love him? And I said, yeah, I do. I love my pastor. He says, I want you to know something. Now, this span was probably in his late 40s at the time, probably even beyond that now that they think about it, maybe in his early 50s and he says to me, I want you to know that's how I feel about you and I smiled at him because I was like 31, 32 years old at the time and to me, he was an older guy. He was at least 50 years old, he's ancient and as I was looking at him, I smiled and I do remember this very well. It's one of those things you never forget and as I smiled at him, I was thinking, you don't know how much I love my pastor, George. For you to say something like that to me, you really don't know how much I love my pastor but I do appreciate the fact that you're saying that to me. I remember that very well. Well, I was in my office a few weeks later and I get a phone call and it's from his wife and she says, George has been admitted to the hospital in West Covina and she said, could you please pay him a visit? And I said, sure, of course.  I said, I'm gonna drive to West Covina. Are you able to go with me? And she said, yes, and so we got somebody to watch our babies and she climbs in the car and off we drive to this hospital and so I'm going there with this attitude. I'll walk in and hold his hand from in and pray for him and encourage him and I'll go home and it's just nice to have Marie with me and that's kind of where my heart was, just a general hospital call. And so we came in to the hospital, we asked where George was, they said in the second floor and so Marie and I get in an elevator and we're just kind of chatting, just talking and I step out of the elevator and I begin walking in this darkened wing. There's no lights on in the hospital. It was kind of an odd feeling and so I start to walk and a doctor comes walking out of a room and intersects with Marie and me and stops us and he says, can I help you? And I said, yes, I said I'm a pastor and one of our members of my church, his name is George, is here and I've come to pray for him and the doctor looks at me and he says, you haven't heard? I said, heard what? And he says, George just died. And when he said George just died, his wife stepped from behind the corner. I didn't even have a second to adjust to the news.  How can I minister to this woman who is just this minute become a widow? See, ministry is something that is deep. I mean, it's something that works deeply within your heart. It's not something that's light and you watch over people's souls and there are times that you are sleepless. There are times that you are kept awake at night in our fellowship and it's not necessarily with a sinful worry. It's with the concern you have because you love the church. That's what ministers do and this is the truth. I go to bed at night thinking of the fellowship. I wake up in the morning thinking of the fellowship because that's where our hearts are and leaders love the flock dearly and exercise great concern over the body of Christ and will lay their life down for them. I can't tell you how many times over the years and finally became something I learned from and I've learned to handle but to be honest with you as a pastor when I would stand up and I would say, be careful for this and be careful for that doctrine then people would get upset and make odd accusations if I mentioned a person's name and I said be careful for what he's teaching and they would get so angry at me and all I at first I didn't get hurt feelings because I've got a thick skin but I would wonder why do you get so upset? I mean, I'm trying to help you not to be hurt and for some reason you get mad at me for warning you and for the longest time I just didn't understand that. I remember a fellow who was in our fellowship years ago now and he was attending another church that was pastored by a man by the name of Frederick Casey Price. I didn't know him at the time but I made mention of Price's doctrine and I shared in a church service that there was error. The things that Price was teaching in this particular area was an error and that you need to be careful with this because it is error and it can harm your spiritual life. I didn't know it but this guy who was in our church that day was a member of that fellowship and you see I didn't realize that I didn't even know that until he came and spoke to me later on and so what he did is the next week he came and to listen to me a second time though he normally would go to Price's fellowship he came just to prove me wrong and he came a second time the next week because I had quoted Price and I said this is where you can get the source to discover whether this is accurate or not and it turns out he had all of Price's tapes and he went and he pulled one out and listened to it and saw that I quoted him in context but he came the next week in order that he might prove me wrong and then he came the next week to prove me wrong and ultimately I was teaching a Bible course at the Bible college and he came walking up to me and he says you don't know me but I go to your church and he said oh he says my name is Ron and he says and he told me the story I just told you and Ron is now pastor of Calvary Chapel San Antonio, Texas and yet when he first came he got angry at me because I said you have to watch out for this doctrine but you see that's what leaders do they love the sheep dearly and have a great concern for them and that's what he means by watching over them so ministry's not a job. The second thing he says here in verse 17 is leaders give an account for their care of God's sheep as a matter of fact we receive a stricter judgment we have an account that we give to the Lord and we have a stricter judgment James 3 verse 1 says not many of you should presume to be teachers my brothers because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly and Romans 14 verse 12 each of us will give an account of himself to God Luke 12 48 for unto whomever much is given of him shall be much required and to whom men have committed much of him they will ask them more and so as a teacher because I know that I stand before the Lord to give an account of my ministry I don't have a problem telling you listen last week I told you that it was John 19 36 through 38 but it's really John 18 and I have a problem telling you that because I wanna be accurate because we know that that's what the Lord has called us to a stricter judgment now obviously leaders aren't perfect outside of me and they're not infallible and people obviously do and often will disagree with the things that are said and that's understandable but the attitude that God desires is a sincere appreciation for the leadership of the body of Christ 1 Thessalonians 5 12 says respect those who work hard among you who are over you in the Lord and who admonish you now ultimately notice with me once again we give an account and he says let them do so with joy and not with grief when members of the church refuse to obey and fail to respect their leaders it's painful the work of ministry ceases being a joy and becomes a burden filled with grief I have had one person for 15 years who has been working to tear this ministry down I won't mention him by name used to be part of my ministry and for 15 years has been working to try and find a way to destroy this ministry and just two weeks ago I received a report that he's still at it I thought he gave up but he hasn't and for 15 years has been spreading things about me that are untrue and I'm one of these people who really tries to be real and I think I am what you see is what you get I'm not one of these people who put on cause I really don't care that much I don't wanna be impressive so I'm safe from that but I never have understood that depth of bitterness I just have never understood that but that's been going on for so many years and it continues and do you wanna know something it's really sad because those kinds of things do happen in ministry and after a while if you have enough of that ministry ceases being the joy that it's supposed to be and it can become a burden it can become a trial it can become something filled with grief I brag about you guys when I go to other churches and I share I'll say things about this fellowship because well I talk about my grandson to you I talk about you to other people you may not realize that and I'll say God has given to us a great fellowship he's given to us wonderful people and there's some little monsters here and there but most of you are pretty sweet and it's a joy it's a joy for me it's a joy to be able to pass through this church and that's what God has called us to do on occasion there are those who do what they can to hurt, to destroy there are things that I could say that I won't that we've heard over the years that we've weathered that we're unbelievably unkind and inaccurate and the thing that has often caused me the questions has been why they're so readily believed but we're a people that likes negative anyway we're a people who likes to hear the bad that's just the way it is I remember somebody years ago saying David Rosales says he loves his wife but he's going to have an affair and you'll see he's going to fall those kinds of things come to me and I think who in the world would say something like that and why? I mean there was somebody who said I live in a three-story mansion and it's four stories, not three and these things come to me and it amazes me I think my goodness you know at least they're dreaming big and that has happened over the years you can't believe it I remember a phone call I was speaking to somebody and I had a red car at that time and he said to me your car is an ungodly color and I said yes and he goes yeah I said why he says because it's red and he said and that's not good and he says no that's not good and I said pray tell what color car should I be driving and he said you should be driving a white car and I said really I said a white car and why is that he says because white is the color of purity and I said red is the color of the blood of Jesus your turn I mean what's that all about man you know I'm telling you you know you don't want to be a pastor you know it actually I love it I just it's just kind of like crazy I had a guy stalking me for three years he found out where I lived and one day my brother-in-law who happens to be a Chino police officer was driving by our house and I hear a banging on the door and I opened the door and my brother-in-law comes running in my front door with his service revolver up in the air you know and he says there's someone in your backyard and he goes running past me and swings the door open and is chasing after some guy and I had been somebody had been stalking me for it went on for two or three years you know that's just you know why me you know but you know stock Marie she's worth following but me I'm not give me a break you know I mean I had elders following me home to make sure I got home safely you know my trust is in the Lord not some old elder is going to get beat up you know come on now but see that's ministry I mean those things you know throw yourself in front of me and I'll get away you know I'll give you a good funeral you know I'll double your salary I could tell you story after story but ultimately we give an account leaders give an account and he says may they do so with joy so through obedience and submission that causes passers to have a joy in their heart and that that should provide them with the motivation to live properly for the Lord the fact is when we don't have a loving obedient spirit God is displeased and you're never going to find a happy pastor apart from a happy congregation when the body of Christ is living at peace then the heart of the pastor is filled with joy and I have to tell you this is the truth you know as cookie as these stories are and I can keep going you know we've had some amazing amazing things happen here some guys somebody said that we have bodies buried in under the parking lot I mean I've had stories after story the guy who said it he's buried out there now but we've had so many interesting interesting things you know it makes life interesting but I have to tell you this in a happier note you know this church has made my heart happy for so many years I'm so blessed because this congregation is a wonderful congregation you guys truly truly special and you've made me have a joy in my heart that makes me enjoy coming to do church services and I thank you for that.


So I have a bit of a reputation for hating on Linux Mint and that reputation is well deserved But that doesn't mean that I look down on anybody who uses it. If you like Linux Mint, that's great That's what makes Linux awesome.  It's just not it has a reputation for being very prickly towards new users and that reputation is also deserved But it's not actually hard to install even on Linux Mint So today what I'm going to do is show you how to install DWM on Linux Mint and the associated programs that you'll need to get up and running. So let's go ahead and jump in so the first thing we'll need to do is install the dependencies on Systems like Arch these dependencies are usually pre-installed But anything based on Debian Ubuntu Anything like that. You're gonna have to install these dependencies and it's just the way it is So there are a few of them that you're gonna have to do So I will also put these in the show notes So you can just go ahead and copy and paste them if you want But I'm gonna go ahead and just type them in here So it's gonna be sudo apt install Rofi lib x11-dev lib z In er am a dash dev SHR sh ar Utils and then lib Xft dash dev and lib c6 and then we'll also need fa W get curl get and We'll also need a Terminal that we can use so in this case. We'll probably download kitty I think kitty is gonna be in the pre-post. So we'll go ahead and hit enter and we'll enter our password and Then hit yes for that to install and that will take a minute to install And there may be another one that we have to install later on I'm not exactly sure sometimes you need to install suckless utils or suckless tools Sometimes you don't we'll see if that how it works We'll know whether or not suckless build or not So the next thing we do once this is installed We actually need to go through and download the suckless utilities that we're gonna use so in this case We're gonna meet DWM ST and D menu All three of those things are obviously needed obviously only DWM, but ST is the default terminal that DWM uses and While it will make without it It's just easier to have it on hand just in case you need it It's not hard to build and a D menu is the program long launcher that DWM uses as well You can use Rofi. I've installed Rofi Here just a minute ago because I'm used to doing that, but you don't actually have to do that So that's not a dependency. I just happened to prefer Rofi But I'm still going to download D menu because D menu by default has some code inside of DWM's configuration file that you know relies on it So let's go ahead and do that so you can pretty much download DWM and all those tools wherever you want But I always go into my .config file and I make a directory so make directory suckless if I can spell and Then I CD into suckless and this is where I will clone all of the Suckless utilities that I'm going to use because in my build. I always happen to have several of them I have DWM ST tabbed D menu surf This way they can all go in one place So the next thing you'll need to do is go into web browser and go to suckless Dot org and of course I can't spell so Now we go there we go and then we want to click on DWM up here at the top Scroll down and we just want to go ahead and copy this line here now after a while you'll have this whole line here just memorized but It's just easier for me to show you if this is basically just going to clone DWM. We'll hit enter and That will clone it obviously again. This will only work if you have get installed. So that's why we installed get earlier We also want to go back up here and do ST and there's another line that we'll need to copy it is right here Make sure you can actually see that on camera.  Yep and That'll work and that's SST and Then we also need to do DWM which is under tools and then let's see your DWM or excuse me D menus what we're looking for here. It's right there and then we can also just get our D menu and Then I keep saying the wrong thing there and Do that one? So that's D menu. So those three are the ones that we need now If we done everything right, we can actually go through and make those things now. So we CD into DWM which Actually, what we'll do here is do an LS and we see we have D menu DWM and ST So if we CD into DWM and Then we just do make and we do pseudo if you get this output here That means you've done everything right and you have all the dependencies if you've missed a dependency It will actually list out the dependencies that you need The unfortunate thing is that it doesn't use the same package name. So you'll have to kind of search around for package name that Ubuntu slash Linux mint slash Debian or whatever actually uses but as long as you have gone through and done the Dependencies that I've shown you you should just be able to get this output here and you've made it just fine fine So now we just need to do pseudo make install and Then you're done it if you haven't already it will ask you there to enter a password, but I've already done that So DWM is done. So if we do CD in dot-dot slash ST, that's brings us to the ST folder. We'll do make again and pseudo make install and Then we'll clear this again and CD dot-dot slash D menu and then make Now you'll see here. We've actually ended up with a few errors. This is normal Okay, it it just means that there are some things that are unused Usually or there are a few other errors But as long as you don't have a make error down here at the bottom It'll say make error equals one or something like that at the bottom if you actually have an error that is fatal To the build and we didn't get that so we should be fine So we go ahead to do pseudo make install here again and it does just fine now We have DWM installed we have all the things that we need to use DWM installed now If you were on a system that weren't using a display manager You'd be done because you go through and just do start X in you know, whatever and then start up DWM that way But because I'm using a display manager in other words I have a login screen when I log into my computer I actually have to go through and do one more step and that is going to be Putting an entry into our X sessions folder so that we can actually choose deep the DWM session in our display manager So in order to do this, we needed to do CD into slash user share X sessions Okay, and if we do it on us right now, all we'll see are the cinnamon desktop because that's all I have installed Or that's all that my display manager sees that I have installed But we need to do is do pseudo touch DWM desktop Okay, now if we do an LS we have the DWM one there now if we do pseudo Vim DWM desktop and I'm not gonna have them installed. So I need to pseudo apt install them Once again, I will make the comment that them should just be a standard package that every district ships I mean it really just should I mean I Don't want to use nano people nanos, you know, not great. It's not for me. So pseudo Vim DWM desktop and then what we're going to want to do is put in the necessary components of a file like this and they all look exactly the same just with different words and basically what this does is It tells your display manager what to launch what to execute what basically what it's doing is it's executing a binary from your path and it's very simple. So what we need to do is go into insert mode and Do bracket? desktop Entry and then close bracket and then no spit then a space and coding We've got to make sure you spell everything right E and coding there we go. I'm still making sure I'm spelling this right ENC Oh DING good good Lord Matt spelling is hard utf dash eight, okay, and then name equals DWM and then comment equals the die This can really literally be anything. It doesn't really matter and then exec equals DWM and then type icon equals DWM and type equals X Session and you want to make sure you get the capitalization right in these certain spots So this one here has to be capital X capital S and then the rest of the word session this one I'm not sure whether or not that has to be capitalized and I always have done so I just do it Because you I mean You don't want it to break and then I always put a couple extra lines after this whether or not it's needed or not I don't know sometimes I seem to remember getting an error when there wasn't a Couple lines Afterwards, but I don't know whether or not that's actually true or not whatever. It's just easier for me to do it and You know not get errors. So then we just want to save this so duck colon WQ and we're done now What I'm going to do is I'm going to stop this recording here and I'm going to log out and log into DWM and make sure it actually worked and Then we'll be done. So give me just a second See you on the other side as they say Okay, and as you can see we have DWM's now if you're brand new to DWM just a few extra things just to help you out The default Super key in DWM is the alt key now. You can change this easily in the Settings and it's easy to look up how to do that But just know that if you want to Go get into a terminal alt shift and enter will get you into a terminal. This is ST that's why we install it and We you can quit by alt shift and see and you can get to into D menu by alt and P Those are the three that you're going to need in order to launch programs launch a terminal and close programs So that's we'll get you off the ground and then you can always make changes if we open up a terminal here and do Sudo oops if we zoom in here. So in order to zoom in its control shift and page up in ST And if we CD into dot config suckless DWM We remove our config dot H foot folder We don't have do this I always just do because it will remake that when you do a make command and we do add us them into config dot depth H we can go through down here and change our Mod key right here and we can change this to mod for mask and We can change then whatever key bindings we want down here in the key binding section You use that and then when when then when you're done you just save that and then do make and Sudo make install and Then that is literally how you make changes. So that's DWM that that's how you do it now Now that is it for this video That's literally all there is you'll have to forgive the lack of a border around my face Logging out logging back in messed around with OBS for some reason. I don't I really had to reinstall it It's really dumb. I don't like Linux Mint Something was funky there. Anyways If you have questions leave them below in the comments, I will try to help you I'm not tech support So if I don't get back to you for a few days or if I don't get back to you at all I apologize for that I have other things to do, but I will try if you leave a question and have you know or have a question I'll try to help you You can follow me on Twitter at the Linux cast. You can support me on patreon at patreon.com slash Linux cast Right now unfortunately because I don't have all my graph fancy graphics. I can't thank all my patrons by name So I know if I switch to patron there will actually be nothing there So thank you to the patrons even though your name is not on the screen I do apologize for that. This is probably the first time that I've had patreon That I haven't been able to do that. So I don't have your names memorized. Unfortunately. I just don't so thanks everybody for Supporting me on patreon if you haven't already You can go do so. It's really easy and I do appreciate everybody who supports me. Thanks everybody for watching. See you next time